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Nguyen K, Strauss T, Refaeli B, Hiller R, Vinogradova O, Khananshvili D. 19F-NMR Probing of Ion-Induced Conformational Changes in Detergent-Solubilized and Nanodisc-Reconstituted NCX_Mj. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6909. [PMID: 39000018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Consecutive interactions of 3Na+ or 1Ca2+ with the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) result in an alternative exposure (access) of the cytosolic and extracellular vestibules to opposite sides of the membrane, where ion-induced transitions between the outward-facing (OF) and inward-facing (IF) conformational states drive a transport cycle. Here, we investigate sub-state populations of apo and ion-bound species in the OF and IF states by analyzing detergent-solubilized and nanodisc-reconstituted preparations of NCX_Mj with 19F-NMR. The 19F probe was covalently attached to the cysteine residues at entry locations of the cytosolic and extracellular vestibules. Multiple sub-states of apo and ion-bound species were observed in nanodisc-reconstituted (but not in detergent-solubilized) NCX_Mj, meaning that the lipid-membrane environment preconditions multiple sub-state populations toward the OF/IF swapping. Most importantly, ion-induced sub-state redistributions occur within each major (OF or IF) state, where sub-state interconversions may precondition the OF/IF swapping. In contrast with large changes in population redistributions, the sum of sub-state populations within each inherent state (OF or IF) remains nearly unchanged upon ion addition. The present findings allow the further elucidation of structure-dynamic modules underlying ion-induced conformational changes that determine a functional asymmetry of ion access/translocation at opposite sides of the membrane and ion transport rates concurring physiological demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khiem Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Tali Strauss
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Bosmat Refaeli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Reuben Hiller
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Olga Vinogradova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Daniel Khananshvili
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Giladi M, Fojtík L, Strauss T, Da'adoosh B, Hiller R, Man P, Khananshvili D. Structural dynamics of Na + and Ca 2+ interactions with full-size mammalian NCX. Commun Biol 2024; 7:463. [PMID: 38627576 PMCID: PMC11021524 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06159-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic Ca2+ and Na+ allosterically regulate Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) proteins to vary the NCX-mediated Ca2+ entry/exit rates in diverse cell types. To resolve the structure-based dynamic mechanisms underlying the ion-dependent allosteric regulation in mammalian NCXs, we analyze the apo, Ca2+, and Na+-bound species of the brain NCX1.4 variant using hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Ca2+ binding to the cytosolic regulatory domains (CBD1 and CBD2) rigidifies the intracellular regulatory loop (5L6) and promotes its interaction with the membrane domains. Either Na+ or Ca2+ stabilizes the intracellular portions of transmembrane helices TM3, TM4, TM9, TM10, and their connecting loops (3L4 and 9L10), thereby exposing previously unappreciated regulatory sites. Ca2+ or Na+ also rigidifies the palmitoylation domain (TMH2), and neighboring TM1/TM6 bundle, thereby uncovering a structural entity for modulating the ion transport rates. The present analysis provides new structure-dynamic clues underlying the regulatory diversity among tissue-specific NCX variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshe Giladi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
- Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, 6423906, Israel.
| | - Lukáš Fojtík
- Division BioCeV, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prumyslova, 595, 252 50 Vestec, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tali Strauss
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Benny Da'adoosh
- Blavatnik Center for Drug Discovery, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Reuben Hiller
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Petr Man
- Division BioCeV, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prumyslova, 595, 252 50 Vestec, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Daniel Khananshvili
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
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3
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Souza Bomfim GH, Mitaishvili E, Schnetkamp PP, Lacruz RS. Na+/Ca2+ exchange in enamel cells is dominated by the K+-dependent NCKX exchanger. J Gen Physiol 2024; 156:e202313372. [PMID: 37947795 PMCID: PMC10637953 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202313372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) extrusion is an essential function of the enamel-forming ameloblasts, providing Ca2+ for extracellular mineralization. The plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPases (PMCAs) remove cytosolic Ca2+ (cCa2+) and were recently shown to be efficient when ameloblasts experienced low cCa2+ elevation. Sodium-calcium (Na+/Ca2+) exchange has higher capacity to extrude cCa2+, but there is limited evidence on the function of the two main families of Na+/Ca2+ exchangers in enamel formation. The purpose of this study was to analyze the function of the NCX (coded by SLC8) and the K+-dependent NCKX (coded by SLC24) exchangers in rat ameloblasts and to compare their efficacy in the two main stages of enamel formation: the enamel forming secretory stage and the mineralizing or maturation stage. mRNA expression profiling confirmed the expression of Slc8 and Slc24 genes in enamel cells, Slc24a4 being the most highly upregulated transcript during the maturation stage, when Ca2+ transport increases. Na+/Ca2+ exchange was analyzed in the Ca2+ influx mode in Fura-2 AM-loaded ameloblasts. We show that maturation-stage ameloblasts have a higher Na+/Ca2+ exchange capacity than secretory-stage cells. We also show that Na+/Ca2+ exchange in both stages is dominated by NCKX over NCX. The importance of NCKX function in ameloblasts may partly explain why mutations in the SLC24A4 gene, but not in SLC8 genes, result in enamel disease. Our results demonstrate that Na+/Ca2+ exchangers are fully operational in ameloblasts and that their contribution to Ca2+ homeostasis increases in the maturation stage, when Ca2+ transport need is higher.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erna Mitaishvili
- Department of Chemistry, Herbert H. Lehman College, City University of New York. PhD Program in Biology, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul P.M. Schnetkamp
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Rodrigo S. Lacruz
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
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Krampert L, Ossner T, Schröder A, Schatz V, Jantsch J. Simultaneous Increases in Intracellular Sodium and Tonicity Boost Antimicrobial Activity of Macrophages. Cells 2023; 12:2816. [PMID: 38132136 PMCID: PMC10741518 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflamed and infected tissues can display increased local sodium (Na+) levels, which can have various effects on immune cells. In macrophages, high salt (HS) leads to a Na+/Ca2+-exchanger 1 (NCX1)-dependent increase in intracellular Na+ levels. This results in augmented osmoprotective signaling and enhanced proinflammatory activation, such as enhanced expression of type 2 nitric oxide synthase and antimicrobial function. In this study, the role of elevated intracellular Na+ levels in macrophages was investigated. Therefore, the Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) was pharmacologically inhibited with two cardiac glycosides (CGs), ouabain (OUA) and digoxin (DIG), to raise intracellular Na+ without increasing extracellular Na+ levels. Exposure to HS conditions and treatment with both inhibitors resulted in intracellular Na+ accumulation and subsequent phosphorylation of p38/MAPK. The CGs had different effects on intracellular Ca2+ and K+ compared to HS stimulation. Moreover, the osmoprotective transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5) was not upregulated on RNA and protein levels upon OUA and DIG treatment. Accordingly, OUA and DIG did not boost nitric oxide (NO) production and showed heterogeneous effects toward eliminating intracellular bacteria. While HS environments cause hypertonic stress and ionic perturbations, cardiac glycosides only induce the latter. Cotreatment of macrophages with OUA and non-ionic osmolyte mannitol (MAN) partially mimicked the HS-boosted antimicrobial macrophage activity. These findings suggest that intracellular Na+ accumulation and hypertonic stress are required but not sufficient to mimic boosted macrophage function induced by increased extracellular sodium availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Krampert
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg and University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (L.K.)
| | - Thomas Ossner
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg and University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (L.K.)
| | - Agnes Schröder
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg and University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (L.K.)
- Institute of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg and University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Valentin Schatz
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg and University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (L.K.)
| | - Jonathan Jantsch
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg and University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (L.K.)
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University Hospital Cologne and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany
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Khananshvili D. Neuronal and astrocyte NCX isoform/splice variants: How do they participate in Na + and Ca 2+ signalling? Cell Calcium 2023; 116:102818. [PMID: 37918135 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
NCX1, NCX2, and NCX3 gene isoforms and their splice variants are characteristically expressed in different regions of the brain. The tissue-specific splice variants of NCX1-3 isoforms show specific expression profiles in neurons and astrocytes, whereas the relevant NCX isoform/splice variants exhibit diverse allosteric modes of Na+- and Ca2+-dependent regulation. In general, overexpression of NCX1-3 genes leads to neuroprotective effects, whereas their ablation gains the opposite results. At this end, the partial contributions of NCX isoform/splice variants to neuroprotective effects remain unresolved. The glutamate-dependent Na+ entry generates Na+ transients (in response to neuronal cell activities), whereas the Na+-driven Ca2+ entry (through the reverse NCX mode) raises Ca2+ transients. This special mode of signal coupling translates Na+ transients into the Ca2+ signals while being a part of synaptic neurotransmission. This mechanism is of general interest since disease-related conditions (ischemia, metabolic stress, and stroke among many others) trigger Na+ and Ca2+ overload with deadly outcomes of downstream apoptosis and excitotoxicity. The recently discovered mechanisms of NCX allosteric regulation indicate that some NCX variants might play a critical role in the dynamic coupling of Na+-driven Ca2+ entry. In contrast, the others are less important or even could be dangerous under altered conditions (e.g., metabolic stress). This working hypothesis can be tested by applying advanced experimental approaches and highly focused computational simulations. This may allow the development of structure-based blockers/activators that can selectively modulate predefined NCX variants to lessen the life-threatening outcomes of excitotoxicity, ischemia, apoptosis, metabolic deprivation, brain injury, and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Khananshvili
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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6
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Pain P, Spinelli F, Gherardi G. Mitochondrial Cation Signalling in the Control of Inflammatory Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16724. [PMID: 38069047 PMCID: PMC10706693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the bioenergetic organelles responsible for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and have also been found to be associated with inflammation. They are necessary to induce and maintain innate and adaptive immune cell responses, acting as signalling platforms and mediators in effector responses. These organelles are also known to play a pivotal role in cation homeostasis as well, which regulates the inflammatory responses through the modulation of these cation channels. In particular, this review focuses on mitochondrial Ca2+ and K+ fluxes in the regulation of inflammatory response. Nevertheless, this review aims to understand the interplay of these inflammation inducers and pathophysiological conditions. In detail, we discuss some examples of chronic inflammation such as lung, bowel, and metabolic inflammatory diseases caused by a persistent activation of the innate immune response due to a dysregulation of mitochondrial cation homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gaia Gherardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (P.P.); (F.S.)
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7
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Xue J, Zeng W, Han Y, John S, Ottolia M, Jiang Y. Structural mechanisms of the human cardiac sodium-calcium exchanger NCX1. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6181. [PMID: 37794011 PMCID: PMC10550945 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41885-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Na+/Ca2+ exchangers (NCX) transport Ca2+ in or out of cells in exchange for Na+. They are ubiquitously expressed and play an essential role in maintaining cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis. Although extensively studied, little is known about the global structural arrangement of eukaryotic NCXs and the structural mechanisms underlying their regulation by various cellular cues including cytosolic Na+ and Ca2+. Here we present the cryo-EM structures of human cardiac NCX1 in both inactivated and activated states, elucidating key structural elements important for NCX ion exchange function and its modulation by cytosolic Ca2+ and Na+. We demonstrate that the interactions between the ion-transporting transmembrane (TM) domain and the cytosolic regulatory domain define the activity of NCX. In the inward-facing state with low cytosolic [Ca2+], a TM-associated four-stranded β-hub mediates a tight packing between the TM and cytosolic domains, resulting in the formation of a stable inactivation assembly that blocks the TM movement required for ion exchange function. Ca2+ binding to the cytosolic second Ca2+-binding domain (CBD2) disrupts this inactivation assembly which releases its constraint on the TM domain, yielding an active exchanger. Thus, the current NCX1 structures provide an essential framework for the mechanistic understanding of the ion transport and cellular regulation of NCX family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xue
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Weizhong Zeng
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yan Han
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Scott John
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michela Ottolia
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Youxing Jiang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Department of Biophysics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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8
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Tyagi S, Sharma Y, Sharma A, Pandey A, Singh K, Upadhyay SK. Expression of TaNCL2-A ameliorates cadmium toxicity by increasing calcium and enzymatic antioxidants activities in arabidopsis. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 329:138636. [PMID: 37040835 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that occurs naturally in the environment and is toxic to both animals and plants. The impact of Cd toxicity is shown to be reduced by the exogenous application of calcium (Ca) in crop plants. The sodium/calcium exchanger-like (NCL) protein is involved in Ca enrichment in the cytoplasm by transporting it from the vacuole in the exchange of cytosolic sodium (Na). However, it has not been utilized to ameliorate the Cd toxicity, to date. An elevated expression of TaNCL2-A gene in the root and shoot tissues of bread wheat seedlings, and a higher growth rate of recombinant yeast cells, suggested its role in Cd stress response. The TaNCL2-A expressing transgenic Arabidopsis lines exhibited significant Cd tolerance with increased Ca (∼10-fold) accumulation. The proline content and antioxidant enzymes activities were increased while oxidative stress-related molecules such as H2O2 and MDA were reduced in the transgenic lines. In addition, the growth and yield parameters of transgenic lines such as seed germination rate, root length, leaf biomass, leaf area index, rosette diameter, leaf length and width, and silique count, along with various physiological indicators like chlorophyll, carotenoid, and relative water contents were also improved in comparison to the control plants. Further, the transgenic lines exhibited significant salinity and osmotic stress tolerance, as well. Taken together, these results suggested that the TaNCL2-A could mitigate Cd toxicity along with salinity and osmotic stress. This gene may also be utilized for phytoremediation and Cd sequestration in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivi Tyagi
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Yashraaj Sharma
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India; Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Alok Sharma
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Ashutosh Pandey
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Kashmir Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
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Romero-Martínez BS, Sommer B, Solís-Chagoyán H, Calixto E, Aquino-Gálvez A, Jaimez R, Gomez-Verjan JC, González-Avila G, Flores-Soto E, Montaño LM. Estrogenic Modulation of Ionic Channels, Pumps and Exchangers in Airway Smooth Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097879. [PMID: 37175587 PMCID: PMC10178541 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To preserve ionic homeostasis (primarily Ca2+, K+, Na+, and Cl-), in the airway smooth muscle (ASM) numerous transporters (channels, exchangers, and pumps) regulate the influx and efflux of these ions. Many of intracellular processes depend on continuous ionic permeation, including exocytosis, contraction, metabolism, transcription, fecundation, proliferation, and apoptosis. These mechanisms are precisely regulated, for instance, through hormonal activity. The lipophilic nature of steroidal hormones allows their free transit into the cell where, in most cases, they occupy their cognate receptor to generate genomic actions. In the sense, estrogens can stimulate development, proliferation, migration, and survival of target cells, including in lung physiology. Non-genomic actions on the other hand do not imply estrogen's intracellular receptor occupation, nor do they initiate transcription and are mostly immediate to the stimulus. Among estrogen's non genomic responses regulation of calcium homeostasis and contraction and relaxation processes play paramount roles in ASM. On the other hand, disruption of calcium homeostasis has been closely associated with some ASM pathological mechanism. Thus, this paper intends to summarize the effects of estrogen on ionic handling proteins in ASM. The considerable diversity, range and power of estrogens regulates ionic homeostasis through genomic and non-genomic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca S Romero-Martínez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Bettina Sommer
- Laboratorio de Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - Héctor Solís-Chagoyán
- Neurociencia Cognitiva Evolutiva, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Cognitivas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Calixto
- Departamento de Neurobiología, Dirección de Investigación en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico
| | - Arnoldo Aquino-Gálvez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Fibrosis Pulmonar, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Ruth Jaimez
- Laboratorio de Estrógenos y Hemostasis, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Juan C Gomez-Verjan
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría (INGER), Ciudad de México 10200, Mexico
| | - Georgina González-Avila
- Laboratorio de Oncología Biomédica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Edgar Flores-Soto
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Luis M Montaño
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
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10
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Structure-Based Function and Regulation of NCX Variants: Updates and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010061. [PMID: 36613523 PMCID: PMC9820601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma-membrane homeostasis Na+/Ca2+ exchangers (NCXs) mediate Ca2+ extrusion/entry to dynamically shape Ca2+ signaling/in biological systems ranging from bacteria to humans. The NCX gene orthologs, isoforms, and their splice variants are expressed in a tissue-specific manner and exhibit nearly 104-fold differences in the transport rates and regulatory specificities to match the cell-specific requirements. Selective pharmacological targeting of NCX variants could benefit many clinical applications, although this intervention remains challenging, mainly because a full-size structure of eukaryotic NCX is unavailable. The crystal structure of the archaeal NCX_Mj, in conjunction with biophysical, computational, and functional analyses, provided a breakthrough in resolving the ion transport mechanisms. However, NCX_Mj (whose size is nearly three times smaller than that of mammalian NCXs) cannot serve as a structure-dynamic model for imitating high transport rates and regulatory modules possessed by eukaryotic NCXs. The crystal structures of isolated regulatory domains (obtained from eukaryotic NCXs) and their biophysical analyses by SAXS, NMR, FRET, and HDX-MS approaches revealed structure-based variances of regulatory modules. Despite these achievements, it remains unclear how multi-domain interactions can decode and integrate diverse allosteric signals, thereby yielding distinct regulatory outcomes in a given ortholog/isoform/splice variant. This article summarizes the relevant issues from the perspective of future developments.
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Choi KJ, Hwang JW, Kim SH, Park HS. Ca 2+ entry through reverse Na+/Ca 2+ exchanger in NCI-H716, glucagon-like peptide-1 secreting cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 26:219-225. [PMID: 35477549 PMCID: PMC9046890 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2022.26.3.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) released from enteroendocine L-cells in the intestine has incretin effects due to its ability to amplify glucose-dependent insulin secretion. Promotion of an endogenous release of GLP-1 is one of therapeutic targets for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although the secretion of GLP-1 in response to nutrient or neural stimuli can be triggered by cytosolic Ca2+ elevation, the stimulus-secretion pathway is not completely understood yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of reverse Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (rNCX) in Ca2+ entry induced by muscarinic stimulation in NCI-H716 cells, a human enteroendocrine GLP-1 secreting cell line. Intracellular Ca2+ was repetitively oscillated by the perfusion of carbamylcholine (CCh), a muscarinic agonist. The oscillation of cytosolic Ca2+ was ceased by substituting extracellular Na+ with Li+ or NMG+. KB-R7943, a specific rNCX blocker, completely diminished CCh-induced cytosolic Ca2+ oscillation. Type 1 Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX1) proteins were expressed in NCI-H716 cells. These results suggest that rNCX might play a crucial role in Ca2+ entry induced by cholinergic stimulation in NCI-H716 cells, a GLP-1 secreting cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Jin Choi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea
| | - Jin Wook Hwang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea
| | - Se Hoon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea
| | - Hyung Seo Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea
- Myunggok Medical Research Institute, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea
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Could Lower Testosterone in Older Men Explain Higher COVID-19 Morbidity and Mortalities? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020935. [PMID: 35055119 PMCID: PMC8781054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The health scourge imposed on humanity by the COVID-19 pandemic seems not to recede. This fact warrants refined and novel ideas analyzing different aspects of the illness. One such aspect is related to the observation that most COVID-19 casualties were older males, a tendency also noticed in the epidemics of SARS-CoV in 2003 and the Middle East respiratory syndrome in 2012. This gender-related difference in the COVID-19 death toll might be directly involved with testosterone (TEST) and its plasmatic concentration in men. TEST has been demonstrated to provide men with anti-inflammatory and immunological advantages. As the plasmatic concentration of this androgen decreases with age, the health benefit it confers also diminishes. Low plasmatic levels of TEST can be determinant in the infection’s outcome and might be related to a dysfunctional cell Ca2+ homeostasis. Not only does TEST modulate the activity of diverse proteins that regulate cellular calcium concentrations, but these proteins have also been proven to be necessary for the replication of many viruses. Therefore, we discuss herein how TEST regulates different Ca2+-handling proteins in healthy tissues and propose how low TEST concentrations might facilitate the replication of the SARS-CoV-2 virus through the lack of modulation of the mechanisms that regulate intracellular Ca2+ concentrations.
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13
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Identification and characterization of the promoter and transcription factors regulating the expression of cerebral sodium/calcium exchanger 2 (NCX2) gene. Cell Calcium 2022; 102:102542. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Weiner AC, Chen HY, Roegner ME, Watson RD. Calcium signaling and regulation of ecdysteroidogenesis in crustacean Y-organs. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 314:113901. [PMID: 34530000 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Crustacean Y-organs secrete ecdysteroid molting hormones. Ecdysteroids are released in increased amount during premolt, circulate in hemolymph, and stimulate the events in target cells that lead to molting. During much of the molting cycle, ecdysteroid production is suppressed by molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH), a peptide neurohormone produced in the eyestalks. The suppressive effect of MIH is mediated by a cyclic nucleotide second messenger. A decrease in circulating MIH is associated with an increase in the hemolymphatic ecdysteroid titer during pre-molt. Nevertheless, it has long been hypothesized that a positive regulatory signal or stimulus is also involved in promoting ecdysteroidogenensis during premolt. Data reviewed here are consistent with the hypothesis that an intracellular Ca2+ signal provides that stimulus. Pharmacological agents that increase intracellular Ca2+ in Y-organs promote ecdysteroidogenesis, while agents that lower intracellular Ca2+ or disrupt Ca2+ signaling suppress ecdysteroidogenesis. Further, an increase in the hemolymphatic ecdysteroid titer after eyestalk ablation or during natural premolt is associated with an increase in intracellular free Ca2+ in Y-organ cells. Several lines of evidence suggest elevated intracellular calcium is linked to enhanced ecdysteroidogenesis through activation of Ca2+/calmodulin dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, thereby lowering intracellular cyclic nucleotide second messenger levels and promoting ecdysteroidogenesis. Results of transcriptomic studies show genes involved in Ca2+ signaling are well represented in Y-organs. Several recent studies have focused on Ca2+ transport proteins in Y-organs. Complementary DNAs encoding a plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase (PMCA) and a sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) have been cloned from crab Y-organs. The relative abundance of PMCA and SERCA transcripts in Y-organs is elevated during premolt, a time when Ca2+ levels in Y-organs are likewise elevated. The results are consistent with the notion that these transport proteins act to maintain the Ca2+ gradient across the cell membrane and re-set the cell for future Ca2+ signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Weiner
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Hsiang-Yin Chen
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Megan E Roegner
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - R Douglas Watson
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
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15
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The basis of nuclear phospholipase C in cell proliferation. Adv Biol Regul 2021; 82:100834. [PMID: 34710785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2021.100834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+ is a highly versatile intracellular signal that regulates many biological processes such as cell death and proliferation. Broad Ca2+-signaling machinery is used to assemble signaling systems with a precise spatial and temporal resolution to achieve this versatility. Ca2+-signaling components can be organized in different regions of the cell and local increases in Ca2+ within the nucleus can regulate different cellular functions from the increases in cytosolic Ca2+. However, the mechanisms and pathways that promote localized increases in Ca2+ levels in the nucleus are still under investigation. This review presents evidence that the nucleus has its own Ca2+ stores and signaling machinery, which modulate processes such as cell proliferation and tumor growth. We focus on what is known about the functions of nuclear Phospholipase C (PLC) in the generation of nuclear Ca2+ transients that are involved in cell proliferation.
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16
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Kaplan AD, Joca HC, Boyman L, Greiser M. Calcium Signaling Silencing in Atrial Fibrillation: Implications for Atrial Sodium Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10513. [PMID: 34638854 PMCID: PMC8508839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common type of cardiac arrhythmia, affecting more than 33 million people worldwide. Despite important advances in therapy, AF's incidence remains high, and treatment often results in recurrence of the arrhythmia. A better understanding of the cellular and molecular changes that (1) trigger AF and (2) occur after the onset of AF will help to identify novel therapeutic targets. Over the past 20 years, a large body of research has shown that intracellular Ca2+ handling is dramatically altered in AF. While some of these changes are arrhythmogenic, other changes counteract cellular arrhythmogenic mechanisms (Calcium Signaling Silencing). The intracellular Na+ concentration ([Na+])i is a key regulator of intracellular Ca2+ handling in cardiac myocytes. Despite its importance in the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ handling, little is known about [Na+]i, its regulation, and how it might be changed in AF. Previous work suggests that there might be increases in the late component of the atrial Na+ current (INa,L) in AF, suggesting that [Na+]i levels might be high in AF. Indeed, a pharmacological blockade of INa,L has been suggested as a treatment for AF. Here, we review calcium signaling silencing and changes in intracellular Na+ homeostasis during AF. We summarize the proposed arrhythmogenic mechanisms associated with increases in INa,L during AF and discuss the evidence from clinical trials that have tested the pharmacological INa,L blocker ranolazine in the treatment of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D. Kaplan
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.D.K.); (H.C.J.); (L.B.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Humberto C. Joca
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.D.K.); (H.C.J.); (L.B.)
| | - Liron Boyman
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.D.K.); (H.C.J.); (L.B.)
| | - Maura Greiser
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.D.K.); (H.C.J.); (L.B.)
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17
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Proton-modulated interactions of ions with transport sites of prokaryotic and eukaryotic NCX prototypes. Cell Calcium 2021; 99:102476. [PMID: 34564055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The cytosolic pH decline from 7.2 to 6.9 results in 90% inactivation of mammalian Na+/Ca2+ exchangers (NCXs) due to protons interactions with regulatory and transport domains ("proton block"). Remarkably, the pH titration curves of mammalian and prokaryotic NCXs significantly differ, even after excluding the allosteric effects through regulatory domains. This is fascinating since "only" three (out of twelve) ion-coordinating residues (T50S, E213D, and D240N) differ between the archaeal NCX_Mj and mammalian NCXs although they contain either three or two carboxylates, respectively. To resolve the underlying mechanisms of pH-dependent regulation, the ion-coordinating residues of NCX_Mj were mutated to imitate the ion ligation arrays of mammalian NCXs; the mutational effects were tested on the ion binding/transport by using ion-flux assays and two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) spectroscopy. Our analyses revealed that two deprotonated carboxylates ligate 3Na+ or 1Ca2+ in NCX prototypes with three or two carboxylates. The Na+/Ca2+ exchange rates of NCX_Mj reach saturation at pH 5.0, whereas the Na+/Ca2+ exchange rates of the cardiac NCX1.1 gradually increase even at alkaline pHs. The T50S replacement in NCX_Mj "recapitulates" the pH titration curves of mammalian NCX by instigating an alkaline shift. Proteolytic shaving of regulatory CBD domains activates NCX1.1, although the normalized pH-titration curves are comparable in trypsin treated and untreated NCX1.1. Thus, the T50S-dependent alkaline shift sets a dynamic range for "proton block" function at physiological pH, whereas the CBDs (and other regulatory modes) modulate incremental changes in the transport rates rather than affect the shape of pH dependent curves.
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18
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Lotteau S, Zhang R, Hazan A, Grabar C, Gonzalez D, Aynaszyan S, Philipson KD, Ottolia M, Goldhaber JI. Acute Genetic Ablation of Cardiac Sodium/Calcium Exchange in Adult Mice: Implications for Cardiomyocyte Calcium Regulation, Cardioprotection, and Arrhythmia. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e019273. [PMID: 34472363 PMCID: PMC8649274 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.019273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Sodium‐calcium (Ca2+) exchanger isoform 1 (NCX1) is the dominant Ca2+ efflux mechanism in cardiomyocytes and is critical to maintaining Ca2+ homeostasis during excitation‐contraction coupling. NCX1 activity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, but a lack of specific NCX1 blockers complicates experimental interpretation. Our aim was to develop a tamoxifen‐inducible NCX1 knockout (KO) mouse to investigate compensatory adaptations of acute ablation of NCX1 on excitation‐contraction coupling and intracellular Ca2+ regulation, and to examine whether acute KO of NCX1 confers resistance to triggered arrhythmia and ischemia/reperfusion injury. Methods and Results We used the α‐myosin heavy chain promoter (Myh6)‐MerCreMer promoter to create a tamoxifen‐inducible cardiac‐specific NCX1 KO mouse. Within 1 week of tamoxifen injection, NCX1 protein expression and current were dramatically reduced. Diastolic Ca2+ increased despite adaptive reductions in Ca2+ current and action potential duration and compensatory increases in excitation‐contraction coupling gain, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2 and plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase. As these adaptations progressed over 4 weeks, diastolic Ca2+ normalized and SR Ca2+ load increased. Left ventricular function remained normal, but mild fibrosis and hypertrophy developed. Transcriptomics revealed modification of cardiovascular‐related gene networks including cell growth and fibrosis. NCX1 KO reduced spontaneous action potentials triggered by delayed afterdepolarizations and reduced scar size in response to ischemia/reperfusion. Conclusions Tamoxifen‐inducible NCX1 KO mice adapt to acute genetic ablation of NCX1 by reducing Ca2+ influx, increasing alternative Ca2+ efflux pathways, and increasing excitation‐contraction coupling gain to maintain contractility at the cost of mild Ca2+‐activated hypertrophy and fibrosis and decreased survival. Nevertheless, KO myocytes are protected against spontaneous action potentials and ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Lotteau
- Smidt Heart Institute Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles CA
| | - Rui Zhang
- Smidt Heart Institute Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles CA
| | - Adina Hazan
- Smidt Heart Institute Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles CA
| | - Christina Grabar
- Smidt Heart Institute Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles CA
| | - Devina Gonzalez
- Smidt Heart Institute Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles CA
| | | | - Kenneth D Philipson
- Department of Physiology David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA
| | - Michela Ottolia
- Division of Molecular Medicine Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA
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19
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Weiner AC, Roegner ME, Watson RD. Effect of a chemical dispersant (Corexit 9500A) on the structure and ion transport function of blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) gills. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 247:109070. [PMID: 33971303 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chemical dispersants are commercially available mixtures of surfactants and solvents that have become important tools in the remediation of spilled oil. Given the importance of oil to the world economy, the recurring nature of spills, and the prevalence of dispersant use in remediation, there is a critical need to understand potential toxic impacts of dispersants on invertebrate and vertebrate animals. Blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus) play ecologically important roles in the environments they inhabit and support economically important fisheries along the Atlantic Coast and in the Gulf of Mexico. In studies reported here, we assessed the impact of a chemical dispersant, Corexit 9500A, on the structure and ion transport function of blue crab gills. Exposure of blue crabs to Corexit 9500A for 24 h (0-300 ppm in artificial seawater under static conditions) revealed a 24-h lethal concentration 50 (LC50) estimate of 210 ppm. A histological analysis of gills from crabs exposed for 24 h to a sub-lethal concentration of Corexit 9500A (125 ppm) revealed evidence of loss or disruption of cuticle, and an increase in stained amorphous material in the hemolymph spaces of gill lamellae. Quantitative image analysis of stained gill sections revealed the area/length ratio of gill lamellae in crabs exposed to Corexit 9500A (24 h, 125 ppm), was greater than that in gill lamellae from control crabs; the results are consistent with the presence of edematous swelling in gill lamellae from dispersant-exposed crabs. Quantitative PCR was used to measure the relative abundance of transcripts encoding three ion transport proteins (Na+/K+ ATPase, plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase (PMCA), and sarcoplasmic reticulum/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA)) in gills from Corexit-exposed and control crabs. In general, the abundance of transcripts encoding each ion transport protein was lower in gills from dispersant-exposed crabs than in gills from control crabs. The combined results are consistent with the hypothesis that 24-h exposure of blue crabs to a sublethal concentration of Corexit 9500A impacts both the structure and ion transport function of gills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Weiner
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Megan E Roegner
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - R Douglas Watson
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America.
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20
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Khananshvili D. The Archaeal Na +/Ca 2+ Exchanger (NCX_Mj) as a Model of Ion Transport for the Superfamily of Ca 2+/CA Antiporters. Front Chem 2021; 9:722336. [PMID: 34409017 PMCID: PMC8366772 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.722336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The superfamily of Calcium/Cation (Ca2+/CA) antiporters extrude Ca2+ from the cytosol or subcellular compartments in exchange with Na+, K+, H+, Li+, or Mg2+ and thereby provide a key mechanism for Ca2+ signaling and ion homeostasis in biological systems ranging from bacteria to humans. The structure-dynamic determinants of ion selectivity and transport rates remain unclear, although this is of primary physiological significance. Despite wide variances in the ion selectivity and transport rates, the Ca2+/CA proteins share structural motifs, although it remains unclear how the ion recognition/binding is coupled to the ion translocation events. Here, the archaeal Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX_Mj) is considered as a structure-based model that can help to resolve the ion transport mechanisms by using X-ray, HDX-MS, ATR-FTIR, and computational approaches in conjunction with functional analyses of mutants. Accumulating data reveal that the local backbone dynamics at ion-coordinating residues is characteristically constrained in apo NCX_Mj, which may predefine the affinity and stability of ion-bound species in the ground and transition states. The 3Na+ or 1Ca2+ binding to respective sites of NCX_Mj rigidify the backbone dynamics at specific segments, where the ion-dependent compression of the ion-permeating four-helix bundle (TM2, TM3, TM7, and TM8) induces the sliding of the two-helix cluster (TM1/TM6) on the protein surface to switch the OF (outward-facing) and IF (inward-facing) conformations. Taking into account the common structural elements shared by Ca2+/CAs, NCX_Mj may serve as a model for studying the structure-dynamic and functional determinants of ion-coupled alternating access, transport catalysis, and ion selectivity in Ca2+/CA proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Khananshvili
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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21
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Cross-Talk between Mechanosensitive Ion Channels and Calcium Regulatory Proteins in Cardiovascular Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168782. [PMID: 34445487 PMCID: PMC8395829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensitive ion channels are widely expressed in the cardiovascular system. They translate mechanical forces including shear stress and stretch into biological signals. The most prominent biological signal through which the cardiovascular physiological activity is initiated or maintained are intracellular calcium ions (Ca2+). Growing evidence show that the Ca2+ entry mediated by mechanosensitive ion channels is also precisely regulated by a variety of key proteins which are distributed in the cell membrane or endoplasmic reticulum. Recent studies have revealed that mechanosensitive ion channels can even physically interact with Ca2+ regulatory proteins and these interactions have wide implications for physiology and pathophysiology. Therefore, this paper reviews the cross-talk between mechanosensitive ion channels and some key Ca2+ regulatory proteins in the maintenance of calcium homeostasis and its relevance to cardiovascular health and disease.
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22
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High Na + Salt Diet and Remodeling of Vascular Smooth Muscle and Endothelial Cells. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080883. [PMID: 34440087 PMCID: PMC8389691 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge on essential hypertension is vast, and its treatment is well known. Not all hypertensives are salt-sensitive. The available evidence suggests that even normotensive individuals are at high cardiovascular risk and lower survival rate, as blood pressure eventually rises later in life with a high salt diet. In addition, little is known about high sodium (Na+) salt diet-sensitive hypertension. There is no doubt that direct and indirect Na+ transporters, such as the Na/Ca exchanger and the Na/H exchanger, and the Na/K pump could be implicated in the development of high salt-induced hypertension in humans. These mechanisms could be involved following the destruction of the cell membrane glycocalyx and changes in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells membranes’ permeability and osmolarity. Thus, it is vital to determine the membrane and intracellular mechanisms implicated in this type of hypertension and its treatment.
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23
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Suryawanshi H, Clancy R, Morozov P, Halushka MK, Buyon JP, Tuschl T. Cell atlas of the foetal human heart and implications for autoimmune-mediated congenital heart block. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 116:1446-1457. [PMID: 31589297 PMCID: PMC7314636 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Investigating human heart development and applying this to deviations resulting in disease is incomplete without molecular characterization of the cell types required for normal functioning. We investigated foetal human heart single-cell transcriptomes from mid-gestational healthy and anti-SSA/Ro associated congenital heart block (CHB) samples. Methods and results Three healthy foetal human hearts (19th to 22nd week of gestation) and one foetal heart affected by autoimmune-associated CHB (21st week of gestation) were subjected to enzymatic dissociation using the Langendorff preparation to obtain single-cell suspensions followed by 10× Genomics- and Illumina-based single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq). In addition to the myocytes, fibroblasts, immune cells, and other minor cell types, previously uncharacterized diverse sub-populations of endothelial cells were identified in the human heart. Differential gene expression analysis revealed increased and heterogeneous interferon responses in varied cell types of the CHB heart compared with the healthy controls. In addition, we also identified matrisome transcripts enriched in CHB stromal cells that potentially contribute to extracellular matrix deposition and subsequent fibrosis. Conclusion These data provide an information-rich resource to further our understanding of human heart development, which, as illustrated by comparison to a heart exposed to a maternal autoimmune environment, can be leveraged to provide insight into the pathogenesis of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Suryawanshi
- Laboratory of RNA Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, Box 186, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Robert Clancy
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Pavel Morozov
- Laboratory of RNA Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, Box 186, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Marc K Halushka
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Jill P Buyon
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Thomas Tuschl
- Laboratory of RNA Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, Box 186, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Zheng Y, Wang LB, Sun SF, Liu SY, Liu MJ, Lin J. Phylogenetic and ion-response analyses reveal a relationship between gene expansion and functional divergence in the Ca 2+/cation antiporter family in Angiosperms. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:303-320. [PMID: 33123851 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01088-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plant CaCA superfamily genes with higher tendency to retain after WGD are more gene expression and function differentiated in ion-response. Plants and animals face different environmental stresses but share conserved Ca2+ signaling pathways, such as Ca2+/Cation transport. The Ca2+/cation antiporters superfamily (CaCAs) is an ancient and widespread family of ion-coupled cation transporters found in all kingdoms of life. We analyzed the molecular evolution progress of the family through comparative genomics and phylogenetics of CaCAs genes from plants and animals, grouping these genes into several families and clades, and identified multiple gene duplication retention events, particularly in the CAX (H+/cation exchanger), CCX (cation/Ca2+ exchanger), and NCL (Na+/Ca2+ exchanger-like) families. The tendency of duplication retention differs between families and gene clades. The gene duplication events were probably the result of whole-genome duplication (WGD) in plants and might have led to functional divergence. Tissue and ion-response expression analyses revealed that CaCAs genes with more highly differentiated expression patterns are more likely to be retained as duplicates than those with more conserved expression profiles. Phenotype of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants showed that loss of genes with a greater tendency to be retained after duplication resulted in more severe growth deficiency. CaCAs genes in salt-tolerant species tended to inherit the expression characteristics of their most recent common ancestral genes, with conservative ion-response expression. This study indicates a possible evolutionary scheme for cation transport and illustrates distinct fates and a mechanism for the evolution of gene duplicates. The increased copy numbers of genes and divergences in expression might have contributed to the divergent functions of CaCAs protein, allowing plants to cope with environmental stresses and adapt to a larger number of ecological niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Feng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Liu G, Fu D, Tian H, Dai A. The mechanism of ions in pulmonary hypertension. Pulm Circ 2021; 11:2045894020987948. [PMID: 33614016 PMCID: PMC7869166 DOI: 10.1177/2045894020987948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension(PH)is a kind of hemodynamic and pathophysiological state, in which the pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) rises above a certain threshold. The main pathological manifestation is pulmonary vasoconstriction and remodelling progressively. More and more studies have found that ions play a major role in the pathogenesis of PH. Many vasoactive substances, inflammatory mediators, transcription-inducing factors, apoptosis mediators, redox substances and translation modifiers can control the concentration of ions inside and outside the cell by regulating the activity of ion channels, which can regulate vascular contraction, cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, inflammation and other functions. We all know that there are no effective drugs to treat PH. Ions are involved in the occurrence and development of PH, so it is necessary to clarify the mechanism of ions in PH as a therapeutic target for PH. The main ions involved in PH are calcium ion (Ca2+), potassium ion (K+), sodium ion (Na+) and chloride ion (Cl-). Here, we mainly discuss the distribution of these ions and their channels in pulmonary arteries and their role in the pathogenesis of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guogu Liu
- Department of Graduate School, University of South China,
Hengyang, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People’s
Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Daiyan Fu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People’s
Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Heshen Tian
- Department of Graduate School, University of South China,
Hengyang, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People’s
Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Aiguo Dai
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese
Medicine, Changsha, China
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26
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Resveratrol Stimulates the Na+–Ca2+ Exchanger on the Plasma Membrane to Reduce Cytosolic Ca2+ in Rat Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2020; 76:610-616. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Piccirillo S, Magi S, Preziuso A, Castaldo P, Amoroso S, Lariccia V. Gateways for Glutamate Neuroprotection in Parkinson's Disease (PD): Essential Role of EAAT3 and NCX1 Revealed in an In Vitro Model of PD. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092037. [PMID: 32899900 PMCID: PMC7563499 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that metabolic alterations may be etiologically linked to neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and in particular empathizes the possibility of targeting mitochondrial dysfunctions to improve PD progression. Under different pathological conditions (i.e., cardiac and neuronal ischemia/reperfusion injury), we showed that supplementation of energetic substrates like glutamate exerts a protective role by preserving mitochondrial functions and enhancing ATP synthesis through a mechanism involving the Na+-dependent excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) and the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX). In this study, we investigated whether a similar approach aimed at promoting glutamate metabolism would be also beneficial against cell damage in an in vitro PD-like model. In retinoic acid (RA)-differentiated SH-SY5Y cells challenged with α-synuclein (α-syn) plus rotenone (Rot), glutamate significantly improved cell viability by increasing ATP levels, reducing oxidative damage and cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ overload. Glutamate benefits were strikingly lost when either EAAT3 or NCX1 expression was knocked down by RNA silencing. Overall, our results open the possibility of targeting EAAT3/NCX1 functions to limit PD pathology by simultaneously favoring glutamate uptake and metabolic use in dopaminergic neurons.
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28
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Nagata A, Tagashira H, Kita S, Kita T, Nakajima N, Abe K, Iwasaki A, Iwamoto T. Genetic knockout and pharmacologic inhibition of NCX1 attenuate hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:793-798. [PMID: 32736709 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Na+/Ca2+ exchanger type-1 (NCX1) is a bidirectional transporter that is controlled by membrane potential and transmembrane gradients of Na+ and Ca2+. Vascular smooth muscle NCX1 plays an important role in intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and Ca2+ signaling. We found that NCX1 was upregulated in the pulmonary arteries of mice exposed to chronic hypoxia (10% O2 for 4 weeks). Hence, we investigated the pathophysiological role of NCX1 in hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), using NCX1-heterozygous (NCX1+/-) mice, in which NCX1 expression is reduced by half, and SEA0400, a specific NCX1 inhibitor. NCX1+/- mice exhibited attenuation of hypoxia-induced PAH and right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy compared with wild-type mice. Furthermore, continuous administration of SEA0400 (0.5 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks) to wild-type mice by osmotic pumps significantly suppressed hypoxia-induced PAH and pulmonary vessel muscularization, with a slight reduction in RV hypertrophy. These findings indicate that the upregulation of NCX1 contributes to the development of hypoxia-induced PAH, suggesting that NCX1 inhibition might be a novel approach for the treatment of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asahi Nagata
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of General Thoracic, Breast and Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tagashira
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satomi Kita
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan.
| | - Tomo Kita
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoko Nakajima
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kohtaro Abe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akinori Iwasaki
- Department of General Thoracic, Breast and Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iwamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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29
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Magi S, Piccirillo S, Maiolino M, Lariccia V, Amoroso S. NCX1 and EAAC1 transporters are involved in the protective action of glutamate in an in vitro Alzheimer's disease-like model. Cell Calcium 2020; 91:102268. [PMID: 32827867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that metabolic dysfunctions are at the roots of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). In particular, defects in cerebral glucose metabolism, which have been often noted even before the occurrence of clinical symptoms and histopathological lesions, are now regarded as critical contributors to the pathogenesis of AD. Hence, the stimulation of energy metabolism, by enhancing the availability of specific metabolites, might be an alternative way to improve ATP synthesis and to positively affect AD progression. For instance, glutamate may serve as an intermediary metabolite for ATP synthesis through the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the oxidative phosphorylation. We have recently shown that two transporters are critical for the anaplerotic use of glutamate: the Na+-dependent Excitatory Amino Acids Carrier 1 (EAAC1) and the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger 1 (NCX1). Therefore, in the present study, we established an AD-like phenotype by perturbing glucose metabolism in both primary rat cortical neurons and retinoic acid (RA)-differentiated SH-SY5Y cells, and we explored the potential of glutamate to halt cell damage by monitoring neurotoxicity, AD markers, ATP synthesis, cytosolic Ca2+ levels and EAAC1/NCX1 functional activities. We found that glutamate significantly increased ATP production and cell survival, reduced the increase of AD biomarkers (amyloid β protein and the hyperphosphorylated form of tau protein), and recovered the increase of NCX reverse-mode activity. The RNA silencing of either EAAC1 or NCX1 caused the loss of the beneficial effects of glutamate, suggesting the requirement of a functional interplay between these transporters for glutamate-induced protection. Remarkably, our results indicate, as proof-of-principle, that facilitating the use of alternative fuels, like glutamate, may be an effective approach to overcome deficits in glucose utilization and significantly slow down neuronal degenerative process in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Magi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Silvia Piccirillo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marta Maiolino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lariccia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Amoroso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126, Ancona, Italy
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30
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Cardoso MVC, Rivera JD, Vitale PAM, Degenhardt MFS, Abiko LA, Oliveira CLP, Salinas RK. CALX-CBD1 Ca 2+-Binding Cooperativity Studied by NMR Spectroscopy and ITC with Bayesian Statistics. Biophys J 2020; 119:337-348. [PMID: 32574558 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Na+/Ca2+ exchanger of Drosophila melanogaster, CALX, is the main Ca2+-extrusion mechanism in olfactory sensory neurons and photoreceptor cells. Na+/Ca2+ exchangers have two Ca2+ sensor domains, CBD1 and CBD2. In contrast to the mammalian homologs, CALX is inhibited by Ca2+ binding to CALX-CBD1, whereas CALX-CBD2 does not bind Ca2+ at physiological concentrations. CALX-CBD1 consists of a β-sandwich and displays four Ca2+-binding sites at the tip of the domain. In this study, we used NMR spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) to investigate the cooperativity of Ca2+ binding to CALX-CBD1. We observed that this domain binds Ca2+ in the slow exchange regime at the NMR chemical shift timescale. Ca2+ binding restricts the dynamics in the Ca2+-binding region. Experiments of 15N chemical exchange saturation transfer and 15N R2 dispersion allowed the determination of Ca2+ dissociation rates (∼30 s-1). NMR titration curves of residues in the Ca2+-binding region were sigmoidal because of the contribution of chemical exchange to transverse magnetization relaxation rates, R2. Hence, a novel, to our knowledge, approach to analyze NMR titration curves was proposed. Ca2+-binding cooperativity was examined assuming two different stoichiometric binding models and using a Bayesian approach for data analysis. Fittings of NMR and ITC binding curves to the Hill model yielded nHill ∼2.9, near maximal cooperativity (nHill = 4). By assuming a stepwise model to interpret the ITC data, we found that the probability of binding from 2 up to 4 Ca2+ is approximately three orders of magnitude higher than that of binding a single Ca2+. Hence, four Ca2+ ions bind almost simultaneously to CALX-CBD1. Cooperative Ca2+ binding is key to enable this exchanger to efficiently respond to changes in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration in sensory neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus V C Cardoso
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose D Rivera
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Phelipe A M Vitale
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maximilia F S Degenhardt
- Department of Experimental Physics, Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Layara A Abiko
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiano L P Oliveira
- Department of Experimental Physics, Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto K Salinas
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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31
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Stein P, Savy V, Williams AM, Williams CJ. Modulators of calcium signalling at fertilization. Open Biol 2020; 10:200118. [PMID: 32673518 PMCID: PMC7574550 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) signals initiate egg activation across the animal kingdom and in at least some plants. These signals are crucial for the success of development and, in the case of mammals, health of the offspring. The mechanisms associated with fertilization that trigger these signals and the molecules that regulate their characteristic patterns vary widely. With few exceptions, a major contributor to fertilization-induced elevation in cytoplasmic Ca2+ is release from endoplasmic reticulum stores through the IP3 receptor. In some cases, Ca2+ influx from the extracellular space and/or release from alternative intracellular stores contribute to the rise in cytoplasmic Ca2+. Following the Ca2+ rise, the reuptake of Ca2+ into intracellular stores or efflux of Ca2+ out of the egg drive the return of cytoplasmic Ca2+ back to baseline levels. The molecular mediators of these Ca2+ fluxes in different organisms include Ca2+ release channels, uptake channels, exchangers and pumps. The functions of these mediators are regulated by their particular activating mechanisms but also by alterations in their expression and spatial organization. We discuss here the molecular basis for modulation of Ca2+ signalling at fertilization, highlighting differences across several animal phyla, and we mention key areas where questions remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Stein
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Virginia Savy
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Audrey M. Williams
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Carmen J. Williams
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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32
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Shoda W, Nomura N, Ando F, Tagashira H, Iwamoto T, Ohta A, Isobe K, Mori T, Susa K, Sohara E, Rai T, Uchida S. Sodium-calcium exchanger 1 is the key molecule for urinary potassium excretion against acute hyperkalemia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235360. [PMID: 32603346 PMCID: PMC7326190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The sodium (Na+)-chloride cotransporter (NCC) expressed in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) is a key molecule regulating urinary Na+ and potassium (K+) excretion. We previously reported that high-K+ load rapidly dephosphorylated NCC and promoted urinary K+ excretion in mouse kidneys. This effect was inhibited by calcineurin (CaN) and calmodulin inhibitors. However, the detailed mechanism through which high-K+ signal results in CaN activation remains unknown. We used Flp-In NCC HEK293 cells and mice to evaluate NCC phosphorylation. We analyzed intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]in) using live cell Ca2+ imaging in HEK293 cells. We confirmed that high-K+-induced NCC dephosphorylation was not observed without CaN using Flp-In NCC HEK29 cells. Extracellular Ca2+ reduction with a Ca2+ chelator inhibited high-K+-induced increase in [Ca2+]in and NCC dephosphorylation. We focused on Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) 1, a bidirectional regulator of cytosolic Ca2+ expressed in DCT. We identified that NCX1 suppression with a specific inhibitor (SEA0400) or siRNA knockdown inhibited K+-induced increase in [Ca2+]in and NCC dephosphorylation. In a mouse study, SEA0400 treatment inhibited K+-induced NCC dephosphorylation. SEA0400 reduced urinary K+ excretion and induced hyperkalemia. Here, we identified NCX1 as a key molecule in urinary K+ excretion promoted by CaN activation and NCC dephosphorylation in response to K+ load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wakana Shoda
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohiro Nomura
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Fumiaki Ando
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tagashira
- Department of pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iwamoto
- Department of pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akihito Ohta
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Isobe
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayasu Mori
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Susa
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eisei Sohara
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatemitsu Rai
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Uchida
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
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33
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Zhao J, Wang Y, Gao J, Jing Y, Xin W. Berberine Mediated Positive Inotropic Effects on Rat Hearts via a Ca 2+-Dependent Mechanism. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:821. [PMID: 32581792 PMCID: PMC7289965 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies showed that berberine, an alkaloid from Coptis Chinensis Franch, might exert a positive inotropic effect on the heart. However, the underlying mechanisms were unclear. Here, we reported that berberine at 10–20 µM increased the left ventricular (LV) developed pressure and the maximal rate of the pressure rising, and it increased the maximal rate of the pressure descending at 20 µM in Langendorff-perfused isolated rat hearts. These effects diminished with the concentration of berberine increasing to 50 µM. In the concentration range of 50–300 µM, berberine increased the isometric tension of isolated left ventricular muscle (LVM) strips with or without electrical stimulations, and it (30–300 µM) also increased the intracellular Ca2+ level in the isolated LV myocytes. The removal of extracellular Ca2+ hindered the berberine-induced increases in the tension of LVM strips and the intracellular Ca2+ level of LV myocytes. These suggested that berberine might exert its positive inotropic effects via enhancing Ca2+ influx. The blockade of L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCCs) with nifedipine significantly attenuated 300 μM berberine-induced tension increase in LVM strips but not the increase in the intracellular Ca2+ level. Berberine (300 μM) further increased the LVM tension following the treatment with the LTCC opener FPL-64716 (10 μM), indicating an LTCC-independent effect of berberine. Lowering extracellular Na+ attenuated the berberine-induced increases in both the tension of LVM strips and the intracellular Ca2+ level of LV myocytes. In conclusion, berberine might exert a positive inotropic effect on the isolated rat heart by enhancing the Ca2+ influx in LV myocytes; these were extracellular Na+-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaqian Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Gao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Jing
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenkuan Xin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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34
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Neubert P, Homann A, Wendelborn D, Bär AL, Krampert L, Trum M, Schröder A, Ebner S, Weichselbaum A, Schatz V, Linz P, Veelken R, Schulte-Schrepping J, Aschenbrenner AC, Quast T, Kurts C, Geisberger S, Kunzelmann K, Hammer K, Binger KJ, Titze J, Müller DN, Kolanus W, Schultze JL, Wagner S, Jantsch J. NCX1 represents an ionic Na+ sensing mechanism in macrophages. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000722. [PMID: 32569301 PMCID: PMC7307728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and infection can trigger local tissue Na+ accumulation. This Na+-rich environment boosts proinflammatory activation of monocyte/macrophage-like cells (MΦs) and their antimicrobial activity. Enhanced Na+-driven MΦ function requires the osmoprotective transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5), which augments nitric oxide (NO) production and contributes to increased autophagy. However, the mechanism of Na+ sensing in MΦs remained unclear. High extracellular Na+ levels (high salt [HS]) trigger a substantial Na+ influx and Ca2+ loss. Here, we show that the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 1 (NCX1, also known as solute carrier family 8 member A1 [SLC8A1]) plays a critical role in HS-triggered Na+ influx, concomitant Ca2+ efflux, and subsequent augmented NFAT5 accumulation. Moreover, interfering with NCX1 activity impairs HS-boosted inflammatory signaling, infection-triggered autolysosome formation, and subsequent antibacterial activity. Taken together, this demonstrates that NCX1 is able to sense Na+ and is required for amplifying inflammatory and antimicrobial MΦ responses upon HS exposure. Manipulating NCX1 offers a new strategy to regulate MΦ function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Neubert
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Arne Homann
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - David Wendelborn
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anna-Lorena Bär
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Luka Krampert
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Trum
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Agnes Schröder
- Institute of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Ebner
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Andrea Weichselbaum
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Valentin Schatz
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Linz
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roland Veelken
- Department of Internal Medicine 4, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jonas Schulte-Schrepping
- Department for Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna C. Aschenbrenner
- Department for Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Quast
- Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology LIMES Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Kurts
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sabrina Geisberger
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karin Hammer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katrina J. Binger
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Jens Titze
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Dominik N. Müller
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Waldemar Kolanus
- Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology LIMES Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joachim L. Schultze
- Department for Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Platform for Single Cell Genomics & Epigenomics at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) and the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Jantsch
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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35
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Iwaki M, Refaeli B, van Dijk L, Hiller R, Giladi M, Kandori H, Khananshvili D. Structure-affinity insights into the Na + and Ca 2+ interactions with multiple sites of a sodium-calcium exchanger. FEBS J 2020; 287:4678-4695. [PMID: 32056381 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Selective recognition and transport of Na+ and Ca2+ ions by sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) proteins is a primary prerequisite for Ca2+ signaling and homeostasis. Twelve ion-coordinating residues are highly conserved among NCXs, and distinct NCX orthologs contain two or three carboxylates, while sharing a common ion-exchange stoichiometry (3Na+ :1Ca2+ ). How these structural differences affect the ion-binding affinity, selectivity, and transport rates remains unclear. Here, the mutational effects of three carboxylates (E54, E213, and D240) were analyzed on the ion-exchange rates in the archaeal NCX from Methanococcus jannaschii and ion-induced structure-affinity changes were monitored by attenuated total reflection-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The D240N mutation elevated the ion-transport rates by twofold to threefold, meaning that the deprotonation of D240 is not essential for transport catalysis. In contrast, mutating E54 or E213 to A, D, N, or Q dramatically decreased the ion-transport rates. ATR-FTIR revealed high- and low-affinity binding of Na+ or Ca2+ with E54 and E213, but not with D240. These findings reveal distinct structure-affinity states at specific ion-binding sites in the inward-facing (IF) and outward-facing orientation. Collectively, two multidentate carboxylate counterparts (E54 and E213) play a critical role in determining the ion coordination/transport in prokaryotic and eukaryotic NCXs, whereas the ortholog substitutions in prokaryotes (aspartate) and eukaryotes (asparagine) at the 240 position affect the ion-transport rates differently (kcat ), probably due to the structural differences in the transition state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayo Iwaki
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry and OptoBioTechnology Research Center, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Japan
| | - Bosmat Refaeli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Liat van Dijk
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Reuben Hiller
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Moshe Giladi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Hideki Kandori
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry and OptoBioTechnology Research Center, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Japan
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Pannaccione A, Piccialli I, Secondo A, Ciccone R, Molinaro P, Boscia F, Annunziato L. The Na +/Ca 2+exchanger in Alzheimer's disease. Cell Calcium 2020; 87:102190. [PMID: 32199208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As a pivotal player in regulating sodium (Na+) and calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis and signalling in excitable cells, the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) is involved in many neurodegenerative disorders in which an imbalance of intracellular Ca2+ and/or Na+ concentrations occurs, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although NCX has been mainly implicated in neuroprotective mechanisms counteracting Ca2+ dysregulation, several studies highlighted its role in the neuronal responses to intracellular Na+ elevation occurring in several pathophysiological conditions. Since the alteration of Na+ and Ca2+ homeostasis significantly contributes to synaptic dysfunction and neuronal loss in AD, it is of crucial importance to analyze the contribution of NCX isoforms in the homeostatic responses at neuronal and synaptic levels. Some studies found that an increase of NCX activity in brains of AD patients was correlated with neuronal survival, while other research groups found that protein levels of two NCX subtypes, NCX2 and NCX3, were modulated in parietal cortex of late stage AD brains. In particular, NCX2 positive synaptic terminals were increased in AD cohort while the number of NCX3 positive terminals were reduced. In addition, NCX1, NCX2 and NCX3 isoforms were up-regulated in those synaptic terminals accumulating amyloid-beta (Aβ), the neurotoxic peptide responsible for AD neurodegeneration. More recently, the hyperfunction of a specific NCX subtype, NCX3, has been shown to delay endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptotic neuronal death in hippocampal neurons exposed to Aβ insult. Despite some issues about the functional role of NCX in synaptic failure and neuronal loss require further studies, these findings highlight the putative neuroprotective role of NCX in AD and open new strategies to develop new druggable targets for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pannaccione
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Piccialli
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Agnese Secondo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Roselia Ciccone
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Molinaro
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Boscia
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
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Santos-Miranda A, Joviano-Santos JV, Ribeiro GA, Botelho AFM, Rocha P, Vieira LQ, Cruz JS, Roman-Campos D. Reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide imbalances lead to in vivo and in vitro arrhythmogenic phenotype in acute phase of experimental Chagas disease. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008379. [PMID: 32160269 PMCID: PMC7089563 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas Disease (CD) is one of the leading causes of heart failure and sudden death in Latin America. Treatments with antioxidants have provided promising alternatives to ameliorate CD. However, the specific roles of major reactive oxygen species (ROS) sources, including NADPH-oxidase 2 (NOX2), mitochondrial-derived ROS and nitric oxide (NO) in the progression or resolution of CD are yet to be elucidated. We used C57BL/6 (WT) and a gp91PHOX knockout mice (PHOX-/-), lacking functional NOX2, to investigate the effects of ablation of NOX2-derived ROS production on the outcome of acute chagasic cardiomyopathy. Infected PHOX-/- cardiomyocytes displayed an overall pro-arrhythmic phenotype, notably with higher arrhythmia incidence on ECG that was followed by higher number of early afterdepolarizations (EAD) and 2.5-fold increase in action potential (AP) duration alternans, compared to AP from infected WT mice. Furthermore, infected PHOX-/- cardiomyocytes display increased diastolic [Ca2+], aberrant Ca2+ transient and reduced Ca2+ transient amplitude. Cardiomyocyte contraction is reduced in infected WT and PHOX-/- mice, to a similar extent. Nevertheless, only infected PHOX-/- isolated cardiomyocytes displayed significant increase in non-triggered extra contractions (appearing in ~75% of cells). Electro-mechanical remodeling of infected PHOX-/-cardiomyocytes is associated with increase in NO and mitochondria-derived ROS production. Notably, EADs, AP duration alternans and in vivo arrhythmias were reverted by pre-incubation with nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME. Overall our data show for the first time that lack of NOX2-derived ROS promoted a pro-arrhythmic phenotype in the heart, in which the crosstalk between ROS and NO could play an important role in regulating cardiomyocyte electro-mechanical function during acute CD. Future studies designed to evaluate the potential role of NOX2-derived ROS in the chronic phase of CD could open new and more specific therapeutic strategies to treat CD and prevent deaths due to heart complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Santos-Miranda
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Biophysics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Grazielle Alves Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia M. Botelho
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Peter Rocha
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leda Quercia Vieira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jader Santos Cruz
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Danilo Roman-Campos
- Department of Biophysics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Piccirillo S, Magi S, Castaldo P, Preziuso A, Lariccia V, Amoroso S. NCX and EAAT transporters in ischemia: At the crossroad between glutamate metabolism and cell survival. Cell Calcium 2020; 86:102160. [PMID: 31962228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Energy metabolism impairment is a central event in the pathophysiology of ischemia. The limited availability of glucose and oxygen strongly affects mitochondrial activity, thus leading to ATP depletion. In this setting, the switch to alternative energy sources could ameliorate cells survival by enhancing ATP production, thus representing an attractive strategy for ischemic treatment. In this regard, some studies have recently re-evaluated the metabolic role of glutamate and its potential to promote cell survival under pathological conditions. In the present review, we discuss the ability of glutamate to exert an "energizing role" in cardiac and neuronal models of hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury, focusing on the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) and the Na+-dependent excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) as key players in this metabolic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Piccirillo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Simona Magi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Pasqualina Castaldo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Alessandra Preziuso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lariccia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Salvatore Amoroso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126, Ancona, Italy
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Spencer SA, Suárez-Pozos E, Escalante M, Myo YP, Fuss B. Sodium-Calcium Exchangers of the SLC8 Family in Oligodendrocytes: Functional Properties in Health and Disease. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:1287-1297. [PMID: 31927687 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02949-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The solute carrier 8 (SLC8) family of sodium-calcium exchangers (NCXs) functions as an essential regulatory system that couples opposite fluxes of sodium and calcium ions across plasmalemmal membranes. NCXs, thereby, play key roles in maintaining an ion homeostasis that preserves cellular integrity. Hence, alterations in NCX expression and regulation have been found to lead to ionic imbalances that are often associated with intracellular calcium overload and cell death. On the other hand, intracellular calcium has been identified as a key driver for a multitude of downstream signaling events that are crucial for proper functioning of biological systems, thus highlighting the need for a tightly controlled balance. In the CNS, NCXs have been primarily characterized in the context of synaptic transmission and ischemic brain damage. However, a much broader picture is emerging. NCXs are expressed by virtually all cells of the CNS including oligodendrocytes (OLGs), the cells that generate the myelin sheath. With a growing appreciation of dynamic calcium signals in OLGs, NCXs are becoming increasingly recognized for their crucial roles in shaping OLG function under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. In order to provide a current update, this review focuses on the importance of NCXs in cells of the OLG lineage. More specifically, it provides a brief introduction into plasmalemmal NCXs and their modes of activity, and it discusses the roles of OLG expressed NCXs in regulating CNS myelination and in contributing to CNS pathologies associated with detrimental effects on OLG lineage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A Spencer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Box 980709, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Edna Suárez-Pozos
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Box 980709, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Miguel Escalante
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Box 980709, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.,Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Yu Par Myo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Box 980709, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Babette Fuss
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Box 980709, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
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Gök C, Fuller W. Regulation of NCX1 by palmitoylation. Cell Calcium 2020; 86:102158. [PMID: 31935590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.102158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Palmitoylation (S-acylation) is the reversible conjugation of a fatty acid (usually C16 palmitate) to intracellular cysteine residues of proteins via a thioester linkage. Palmitoylation anchors intracellular regions of proteins to membranes because the palmitoylated cysteine is recruited to the lipid bilayer. NCX1 is palmitoylated at a single cysteine in its large regulatory intracellular loop. The presence of an amphipathic α-helix immediately adjacent to the NCX1 palmitoylation site is required for NCX1 palmitoylation. The NCX1 palmitoylation site is conserved through most metazoan phlya. Although palmitoylation does not regulate the normal forward or reverse ion transport modes of NCX1, NCX1 palmitoylation is required for its inactivation: sodium-dependent inactivation and inactivation by PIP2 depletion are significantly impaired for unpalmitoylatable NCX1. Here we review the role of palmitoylation in regulating NCX1 activity, and highlight future questions that must be addressed to fully understand the importance of this regulatory mechanism for sodium and calcium transport in cardiac muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caglar Gök
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - William Fuller
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK. https://twitter.com@FullerLabGlas
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41
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Basic and editing mechanisms underlying ion transport and regulation in NCX variants. Cell Calcium 2020; 85:102131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.102131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Characterization and Expression Analysis of the Ca 2+/Cation Antiporter Gene Family in Tomatoes. PLANTS 2019; 9:plants9010025. [PMID: 31878106 PMCID: PMC7020160 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Ca2+/cation antiporter (CaCA) superfamily plays an important role in the regulation of the essential element Ca2+ and cation concentrations. Characterization and expression analyses of CaCA superfamily genes were performed in the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) as a representative of dicotyledonous plants and fruit crops. Sixteen CaCA candidate genes were found and identified as tomato CaCA, SlCaCA, by a domain search. In a phylogenetic analysis of the SlCaCA superfamily, the 16 genes were classified into SlCAX, SlNCL, SlCCX, and SlMHX families. Among them, Solyc12g011070, belonging to the SlCAX family, had four splice variants, three of which were predicted to be nonfunctional because of a lack of important motifs. EF-hand domains were only found in SlNCL, in addition to consensus Na_Ca_ex domains, and the region containing EF-hand domains was characteristically long in some members of SlNCL. Furthermore, four genes of the SlCCX family were found to be intronless. As for intracellular localization, one SlCCX member was predicted to be localized to the plasma membrane, while other SlCCXs, SlCAXs, and SlMHXs were predicted to be localized to the vacuolar membrane. The expression patterns of SlCaCAs in various organs, including during several developmental stages of fruit, were classified into four groups. Genes involved in each of the SlCAX, SlNCL, and SlCCX gene families were categorized into three or four groups according to expression patterns, suggesting role sharing within each family. The main member in each subfamily and the members with characteristic fruit expression patterns included genes whose expression was regulated by sugar or auxin and that were highly expressed in a line having metabolite-rich fruit.
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Scranton K, John S, Escobar A, Goldhaber JI, Ottolia M. Modulation of the cardiac Na +-Ca 2+ exchanger by cytoplasmic protons: Molecular mechanisms and physiological implications. Cell Calcium 2019; 87:102140. [PMID: 32070924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.102140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A precise temporal and spatial control of intracellular Ca2+ concentration is essential for a coordinated contraction of the heart. Following contraction, cardiac cells need to rapidly remove intracellular Ca2+ to allow for relaxation. This task is performed by two transporters: the plasma membrane Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) and the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA). NCX extrudes Ca2+ from the cell, balancing the Ca2+entering the cytoplasm during systole through L-type Ca2+ channels. In parallel, following SR Ca2+ release, SERCA activity replenishes the SR, reuptaking Ca2+ from the cytoplasm. The activity of the mammalian exchanger is fine-tuned by numerous ionic allosteric regulatory mechanisms. Micromolar concentrations of cytoplasmic Ca2+ potentiate NCX activity, while an increase in intracellular Na+ levels inhibits NCX via a mechanism known as Na+-dependent inactivation. Protons are also powerful inhibitors of NCX activity. By regulating NCX activity, Ca2+, Na+ and H+ couple cell metabolism to Ca2+ homeostasis and therefore cardiac contractility. This review summarizes the recent progress towards the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the ionic regulation of the cardiac NCX with special emphasis on pH modulation and its physiological impact on the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Scranton
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Scott John
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ariel Escobar
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, UC Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Joshua I Goldhaber
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Michela Ottolia
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Calcium Signaling in ß-cell Physiology and Pathology: A Revisit. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246110. [PMID: 31817135 PMCID: PMC6940736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic beta (β) cell dysfunction results in compromised insulin release and, thus, failed regulation of blood glucose levels. This forms the backbone of the development of diabetes mellitus (DM), a disease that affects a significant portion of the global adult population. Physiological calcium (Ca2+) signaling has been found to be vital for the proper insulin-releasing function of β-cells. Calcium dysregulation events can have a dramatic effect on the proper functioning of the pancreatic β-cells. The current review discusses the role of calcium signaling in health and disease in pancreatic β-cells and provides an in-depth look into the potential role of alterations in β-cell Ca2+ homeostasis and signaling in the development of diabetes and highlights recent work that introduced the current theories on the connection between calcium and the onset of diabetes.
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Magi S, Piccirillo S, Amoroso S, Lariccia V. Excitatory Amino Acid Transporters (EAATs): Glutamate Transport and Beyond. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225674. [PMID: 31766111 PMCID: PMC6888595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Na+-dependent excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) are the major transport mechanisms for extracellular glutamate removal in the central nervous system (CNS). The primary function assigned to EAATs is the maintenance of low extracellular glutamate levels, thus allowing glutamate to be used as a signaling molecule in the brain and to avoid excitotoxicity. However, glutamate has other recognized functions. For instance, it is a key anaplerotic substrate for the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, as it can be converted to α-ketoglutarate by transaminases or glutamate dehydrogenase. Furthermore, glutamate is a precursor of the main antioxidant glutathione, which plays a pivotal role in preventing oxidative cell death. Therefore, glutamate signaling/use is at the crossroad of multiple metabolic pathways and accordingly, it can influence a plethora of cell functions, both in health and disease. Here, we provide an overview of the main functions of glutamate and its transport systems, analyzing its role as a neurotransmitter and at the same time, the possible metabolic fates it can undergo in the intracellular milieu. Specifically, the metabolic role of glutamate and the molecular machinery proposed to metabolically support its transport will be further analyzed.
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Rayi PR, Koyavski L, Chakraborty D, Bagrov A, Kaphzan H. α1-Na/K-ATPase inhibition rescues aberrant dendritic calcium dynamics and memory deficits in the hippocampus of an Angelman syndrome mouse model. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 182:101676. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.101676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Huang Y, Wen LL, Xie JD, Ouyang HD, Chen DT, Zeng WA. Antinociceptive effectiveness of the inhibition of NCX reverse-mode action in rodent neuropathic pain model. Mol Pain 2019; 15:1744806919864511. [PMID: 31370728 PMCID: PMC6681272 DOI: 10.1177/1744806919864511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic neuropathic pain is a debilitating condition that remains difficult
to treat. The Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) is a
transporter that can exchange Ca2+ with Na+ in either
direction to maintain intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. However,
the effect of NCX on neuropathic pain remains unclear. Therefore, in this
study, we aimed to clarify whether neuropathic pain is altered by NCX. Methods Adult Sprague–Dawley rats and mice (NCX2 knockout and wild type) were
randomized to receive spinal nerve ligation surgery or intrathecal
injection. Using behavioral testing to analyze the withdrawal thresholds and
thermal withdrawal latency of rats after surgery or intrathecal injection.
Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to analyze the changes
of NCX protein and downstream signaling pathways in rats dorsal root
ganglion. We isolated the dorsal root ganglion neurons of adult rats using
Fluo-4AM to detect the Ca2+ imaging in neurons after drug
treatment. Results NCX was expressed in the sensory neurons of rodent dorsal root ganglia. NCX
expression was altered in ipsilateral L4–6 dorsal root ganglion neurons in
spinal nerve ligation rats. Intrathecal injection of an inhibitor of
reverse-mode NCX activity (KB-R7943 5∼20 µg) had an antinociceptive effect
in spinal nerve ligation rats, and the effect lasted for 3 h. We measured
the expression of signaling pathway molecules in dorsal root ganglion
neurons, and only the p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2
level was reduced after intrathecal injection in the spinal nerve ligation
group compared to the control group. In cultured dorsal root ganglion
neurons, inhibitors of reverse-mode NCX activity (KB-R7943 and ORM-10103)
restrained Ca2+ overload after tumor necrosis factor alpha
(TNF-α) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. NCX2 knockout mice presented
an antinociceptive effect that lasted for more than 28 days after spinal
nerve ligation surgery. The p-ERK1/2 level in NCX2 knockout mice ipsilateral
L4–6 dorsal root ganglion neurons was lower than that in wild-type mice. Conclusions NCX proteins may mediate neuropathic pain progression via the Ca2+
and ERK pathways. NCX represents a potential target for the treatment of
neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Huang
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,2 State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,3 Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Li Wen
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,2 State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,3 Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Dun Xie
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,2 State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,3 Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han-Dong Ouyang
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,2 State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,3 Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Tai Chen
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,2 State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,3 Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-An Zeng
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,2 State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,3 Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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48
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Magi S, Piccirillo S, Amoroso S. The dual face of glutamate: from a neurotoxin to a potential survival factor-metabolic implications in health and disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1473-1488. [PMID: 30599069 PMCID: PMC11105246 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-3002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Beyond this function, glutamate also plays a key role in intermediary metabolism in all organs and tissues, linking carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism via the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Under both physiological and pathological conditions, we have recently found that the ability of glutamate to fuel cell metabolism selectively relies on the activity of two main transporters: the sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) and the sodium-dependent excitatory amino-acid transporters (EAATs). In ischemic settings, when glutamate is administered at the onset of the reoxygenation phase, the coordinate activity of EAAT and NCX allows glutamate to improve cell viability by stimulating ATP production. So far, this phenomenon has been observed in both cardiac and neuronal models. In this review, we focus on the most recent findings exploring the unusual activity of glutamate as a potential survival factor in different settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Magi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Silvia Piccirillo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Salvatore Amoroso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126, Ancona, Italy
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49
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Roegner ME, Roer RD, Watson RD. Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) transcript abundance in Y-organs and ecdysteroid titer in hemolymph during a molting cycle of the Blue Crab, Callinectes sapidus. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 229:76-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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50
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Giladi M, Lee SY, Refaeli B, Hiller R, Chung KY, Khananshvili D. Structure-dynamic and functional relationships in a Li+-transporting sodium‑calcium exchanger mutant. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1860:189-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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