1
|
Berdiaki A, Neagu M, Spyridaki I, Kuskov A, Perez S, Nikitovic D. Hyaluronan and Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling—Novel Cues from the Matrix? Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040824. [PMID: 37107200 PMCID: PMC10135151 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a naturally occurring non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) localized to the cell surface and the tissue extracellular matrix (ECM). It is composed of disaccharides containing glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine, is synthesized by the HA synthase (HAS) enzymes and is degraded by hyaluronidase (HYAL) or reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) actions. HA is deposited as a high molecular weight (HMW) polymer and degraded to low molecular weight (LMW) fragments and oligosaccharides. HA affects biological functions by interacting with HA-binding proteins (hyaladherins). HMW HA is anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and antiangiogenic, whereas LMW HA has pro-inflammatory, pro-angiogenetic, and oncogenic effects. ROS/RNS naturally degrade HMW HA, albeit at enhanced levels during tissue injury and inflammatory processes. Thus, the degradation of endothelial glycocalyx HA by increased ROS challenges vascular integrity and can initiate several disease progressions. Conversely, HA exerts a vital role in wound healing through ROS-mediated HA modifications, which affect the innate immune system. The normal turnover of HA protects against matrix rigidification. Insufficient turnover leads to increased tissue rigidity, leading to tissue dysfunction. Both endogenous and exogenous HMW HA have a scavenging capacity against ROS. The interactions of ROS/RNS with HA are more complex than presently perceived and present an important research topic.
Collapse
|
2
|
Lim J, Machin DR, Donato AJ. The role of hyaluronan in endothelial glycocalyx and potential preventative lifestyle strategy with advancing age. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2023; 91:139-156. [PMID: 37080678 PMCID: PMC10464581 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
The endothelial glycocalyx (EG) is a gel-like structure that forms a layer in between the surface of the endothelium and lumen. EG was once thought to be merely a structural support for the endothelium. However, in recent years, the importance of EG as a first line of defense and a key regulator to endothelial integrity has been illuminated. With advanced age, EG deterioration becomes more noticeable and at least partially associated with endothelial dysfunction. Hyaluronan (HA), one of the critical components of the EG, has distinct properties and roles to the maintenance of EG and endothelial function. Therefore, given the intimate relationship between the EG and endothelium during the aging process, HA may serve as a promising therapeutic target to prevent endothelial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jisok Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Daniel Robert Machin
- Department of Nutrition & Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Anthony John Donato
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mayer CA, Ganguli A, Mayer A, Pabelick CM, Prakash YS, Hascall VC, Midura RJ, Cali V, Flask CA, Erokwu BO, Martin RJ, MacFarlane PM. CPAP-induced airway hyper-reactivity in mice is modulated by hyaluronan synthase-3. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:685-693. [PMID: 34750521 PMCID: PMC9079185 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01695-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a primary mode of respiratory support for preterm infants. Animal studies have shown long-term detrimental effects on lung/airway development, particularly airway (AW) hyper-reactivity, as an unfortunate consequence of neonatal CPAP. Since the hyaluronan (HA) synthesizing enzyme hyaluronan synthase-3 (HAS3) is involved in various adult pulmonary disorders, the present study used a neonatal mouse model to investigate the role of HAS3 in CPAP-induced AW hyper-reactivity. METHODS Male and female neonatal mice were fitted with a custom-made mask for delivery of daily CPAP 3 h/day for 7 days. At postnatal day 21 (2 weeks after CPAP ended), airway (AW) hyper-reactivity and HAS3 expression were assessed with and without in vitro HAS3 siRNA treatment. RESULTS MRIs of 3-day-old mice confirmed that CPAP increased lung volume with incrementing inflation pressures. CPAP increased AW reactivity in both male and female mice, which was associated with increased airway smooth muscle and epithelial HAS3 immunoreactivity. CPAP did not affect HA accumulation, but HAS3 siRNA reversed CPAP-induced AW hyper-reactivity and reduced HAS3 expression. CONCLUSIONS These data in mice implicate a role for HAS3 in long-term effects of CPAP in the developing airway in the context of preterm birth and CPAP therapy. IMPACT Neonatal CPAP increases airway smooth muscle and epithelial HAS3 expression in mice. CPAP-induced airway hyper-reactivity is modulated by HAS3. These data enhance our understanding of the role mechanical forces play on lung development. These data are a significance step toward understanding CPAP effects on developing airway. These data may impact clinical recognition of the ways that CPAP may contribute to wheezing disorders of former preterm infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Mayer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Rainbow Babies & Children’s Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Abhrajit Ganguli
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Rainbow Babies & Children’s Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Aubrey Mayer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Rainbow Babies & Children’s Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Christina M Pabelick
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - YS Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Vince C Hascall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Ron J Midura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Valbona Cali
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Christopher A Flask
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Bernadette O Erokwu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Richard J Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Rainbow Babies & Children’s Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Peter M MacFarlane
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sugita S, Naito Y, Zhou L, He H, Hao Q, Sakamoto A, Lee JW. Hyaluronic acid restored protein permeability across injured human lung microvascular endothelial cells. FASEB Bioadv 2022; 4:619-631. [PMID: 36089980 PMCID: PMC9447422 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2022-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung endothelial permeability is a key pathological feature of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Hyaluronic acid (HA), a major component of the glycocalyx layer on the endothelium, is generated by HA synthase (HAS) during inflammation and injury and is critical for repair. We hypothesized that administration of exogenous high molecular weight (HMW) HA would restore protein permeability across human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVEC) injured by an inflammatory insult via upregulation of HAS by binding to CD44. A transwell coculture system was used to study the effects of HA on protein permeability across HLMVEC injured by cytomix, a mixture of IL‐1β, TNFα, and IFNγ, with or without HMW or low molecular weight (LMW) HA. Coincubation with HMW HA, but not LMW HA, improved protein permeability following injury at 24 h. Fluorescence microscopy demonstrated that exogenous HMW HA partially prevented the increase in “actin stress fiber” formation. HMW HA also increased the synthesis of HAS2 mRNA expression and intracellular HMW HA levels in HLMVEC following injury. Pretreatment with an anti‐CD44 antibody or 4‐methylumbelliferone, a HAS inhibitor, blocked the therapeutic effects. In conclusion, exogenous HMW HA restored protein permeability across HLMVEC injured by an inflammatory insult in part through upregulation of HAS2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Sugita
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Nippon Medical School Tokyo Japan
- Department of Anesthesiology University of California, San Francisco San Francisco California USA
| | - Yoshifumi Naito
- Department of Anesthesiology University of California, San Francisco San Francisco California USA
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology University of California, San Francisco San Francisco California USA
| | - Hongli He
- Department of Anesthesiology University of California, San Francisco San Francisco California USA
| | - Qi Hao
- Department of Anesthesiology University of California, San Francisco San Francisco California USA
| | - Atsuhiro Sakamoto
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Nippon Medical School Tokyo Japan
| | - Jae W. Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology University of California, San Francisco San Francisco California USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hwang W, Shimizu M, Lee JW. Role of extracellular vesicles in severe pneumonia and sepsis. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2022; 22:747-762. [PMID: 35418256 PMCID: PMC9971738 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2022.2066470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Extracellular vesicles (EV) released constitutively or following external stimuli from structural and immune cells are now recognized as important mediators of cell-to-cell communication. They are involved in the pathogenesis of pneumonia and sepsis, leading causes of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) where mortality rates remain up to 40%. Multiple investigators have demonstrated that one of the underlying mechanisms of the effects of EVs is through the transfer of EV content to host cells, resulting in apoptosis, inflammation, and permeability in target organs. AREAS COVERED The current review focuses on preclinical research examining the role of EVs released into the plasma and injured alveolus during pneumonia and sepsis. EXPERT OPINION Inflammation is associated with elevated levels of circulating EVs that are released by activated structural and immune cells and can have significant proinflammatory, procoagulant, and pro-permeability effects in critically ill patients with pneumonia and/or sepsis. However, clinical translation of the use of EVs as biomarkers or potential therapeutic targets may be limited by current methodologies used to identify and quantify EVs accurately (whether from host cells or infecting organisms) and lack of understanding of the role of EVs in the reparative phase during recovery from pneumonia and/or sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wonjung Hwang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s hospital, Catholic College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Masaru Shimizu
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jae-Woo Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Jae-Woo Lee, MD, Professor, University of California San Francisco, Department of Anesthesiology, 505 Parnassus Ave., Box 0648, San Francisco, CA 94143, Telephone: (415) 476-0452, Fax: (415) 514-2999,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Naito Y, Kato H, Zhou L, Sugita S, He H, Zheng J, Hao Q, Sawa T, Lee JW. Therapeutic Effects of Hyaluronic Acid Against Cytotoxic Extracellular Vesicles Released During Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Pneumonia. Shock 2022; 57:408-416. [PMID: 34387224 PMCID: PMC8840981 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have now been recognized as important mediators of cellular communication during injury and repair. We previously found that plasma EVs isolated from ex vivo perfused human lungs injured with Escherichia coli bacterial pneumonia were inflammatory, and exogenous administration of high molecular weight (HMW) hyaluronic acid (HA) as therapy bound to these EVs, decreasing inflammation and injury. In the current study, we studied the role of EVs released during severe Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) pneumonia in mice and determined whether intravenous administration of exogenous HMW HA would have therapeutic effects against the bacterial pneumonia. EVs were collected from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of mice infected with PA103 by ultracentrifugation and analyzed by NanoSight and flow cytometry. In a cytotoxicity assay, administration of EVs released from infected mice (I-EVs) decreased the viability of A549 cells compared to EV isolated from sham control mice (C-EVs). Either exogenous HMW HA or an anti-CD44 antibody, when co-incubated with I-EVs, significantly improved the viability of the A549 cells. In mice with PA103 pneumonia, administration of HMW HA improved pulmonary edema and bacterial count in the lungs and decreased TNF-α and caspase-3 levels in the supernatant of lung homogenates. In conclusion, EVs isolated from BALF of mice with P. aeruginosa pneumonia were cytotoxic and inflammatory, and intravenous HMW HA administration was protective against P. aeruginosa pneumonia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Naito
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hideya Kato
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Shinji Sugita
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Hongli He
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Justin Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Qi Hao
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Teiji Sawa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Jae-Woo Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Drost CC, Rovas A, Kümpers P. Protection and rebuilding of the endothelial glycocalyx in sepsis - Science or fiction? Matrix Biol Plus 2021; 12:100091. [PMID: 34877522 PMCID: PMC8633034 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2021.100091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelial glycocalyx (eGC), a delicate carbohydrate-rich structure lining the luminal surface of the vascular endothelium, is vital for maintenance of microvascular homeostasis. In sepsis, damage of the eGC triggers the development of vascular hyperpermeability with consecutive edema formation and organ failure. While there is evidence that protection or rebuilding of the eGC might counteract sepsis-induced vascular leakage and improve outcome, approved therapeutics are not yet available. This narrative review aims to outline possible therapeutic strategies to ameliorate organ dysfunction caused by eGC impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Christina Drost
- Department of Medicine D, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Alexandros Rovas
- Department of Medicine D, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Philipp Kümpers
- Department of Medicine D, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang X, Sugita S, Liu A, Naito Y, Hwang W, Qiu H, Sakamoto A, Sawa T, Matthay MA, Lee JW. Therapeutic effects of high molecular weight hyaluronic acid in severe Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia in ex vivo perfused human lungs. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L827-L836. [PMID: 34524905 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00626.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that extracellular vesicles (EVs) released during Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacterial pneumonia were inflammatory, and administration of high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HMW HA) suppressed several indices of acute lung injury (ALI) from E. coli pneumonia by binding to these inflammatory EVs. The current study was undertaken to study the therapeutic effects of HMW HA in ex vivo perfused human lungs injured with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA)103 bacterial pneumonia. For lungs with baseline alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) <10%/h, HMW HA 1 or 2 mg was injected intravenously after 1 h (n = 4-9), and EVs released during PA pneumonia were collected from the perfusate over 6 h. For lungs with baseline AFC > 10%/h, HMW HA 2 mg was injected intravenously after 1 h (n = 6). In vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of HA on inflammation and bacterial phagocytosis. For lungs with AFC < 10%/h, administration of HMW HA intravenously significantly restored AFC and numerically decreased protein permeability and alveolar inflammation from PA103 pneumonia but had no effect on bacterial counts at 6 h. However, HMW HA improved bacterial phagocytosis by human monocytes and neutrophils and suppressed the inflammatory properties of EVs released during pneumonia on monocytes. For lungs with AFC > 10%/h, administration of HMW HA intravenously improved AFC from PA103 pneumonia but had no significant effects on protein permeability, inflammation, or bacterial counts. In the presence of impaired alveolar epithelial transport capacity, administration of HMW HA improved the resolution of pulmonary edema from Pseudomonas PA103 bacterial pneumonia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiwen Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Departments of Anesthesiology, Medicine, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Shinji Sugita
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.,Departments of Anesthesiology, Medicine, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Airan Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yoshifumi Naito
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Wonjung Hwang
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medicine, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Haibo Qiu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Teiji Sawa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michael A Matthay
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medicine, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jae-Woo Lee
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medicine, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
The S100 Protein Family as Players and Therapeutic Targets in Pulmonary Diseases. Pulm Med 2021; 2021:5488591. [PMID: 34239729 PMCID: PMC8214497 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5488591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The S100 protein family consists of over 20 members in humans that are involved in many intracellular and extracellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, Ca2+ homeostasis, energy metabolism, inflammation, tissue repair, and migration/invasion. Although there are structural similarities between each member, they are not functionally interchangeable. The S100 proteins function both as intracellular Ca2+ sensors and as extracellular factors. Dysregulated responses of multiple members of the S100 family are observed in several diseases, including the lungs (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, and lung cancer). To this degree, extensive research was undertaken to identify their roles in pulmonary disease pathogenesis and the identification of inhibitors for several S100 family members that have progressed to clinical trials in patients for nonpulmonary conditions. This review outlines the potential role of each S100 protein in pulmonary diseases, details the possible mechanisms observed in diseases, and outlines potential therapeutic strategies for treatment.
Collapse
|
10
|
Pang X, Li W, Chang L, Gautrot JE, Wang W, Azevedo HS. Hyaluronan (HA) Immobilized on Surfaces via Self-Assembled Monolayers of HA-Binding Peptide Modulates Endothelial Cell Spreading and Migration through Focal Adhesion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:25792-25804. [PMID: 34037376 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) modulates a multitude of cell functions, and this regulation is provided by key ECM components forming a complex network. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an abundant component of the ECM that binds to proteins and influences various activities of endothelial cells (ECs). Although the effect of soluble HA on cell spreading has been studied, the impact of peptide-bound HA has not yet been investigated in great detail. We aim to comprehensively study the roles of immobilized HA on the regulation of EC behavior compared to the more conventional use of soluble HA. A 2D model surface formed by self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of a HA-binding peptide (Pep-1) is used as an anchor for HA immobilization. Mixed SAMs, consisting of thiolated Pep-1 and 1-octanethiol, are prepared and characterized by using ellipsometry and contact angle measurement. Full density Pep-1 SAMs are more hydrophilic and bind more HA than mixed SAMs. Cell spreading and migration are enhanced by immobilized low molecular weight (LMW) HA, which also facilitates cell alignment and elongation under laminar flow conditions and potentially drives directional migration. This effect is not mediated by the expression of CD44, and immobilized LMW HA is found to accelerate the assembly of focal adhesions. Such biomimetic surfaces provide new insights into the role of HA in regulating the spreading and phenotype of endothelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinqing Pang
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Weiqi Li
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Lan Chang
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Julien E Gautrot
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Wen Wang
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Helena S Azevedo
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang G, de Vries MR, Sol WMPJ, van Oeveren-Rietdijk AM, de Boer HC, van Zonneveld AJ, Quax PHA, Rabelink TJ, van den Berg BM. Loss of Endothelial Glycocalyx Hyaluronan Impairs Endothelial Stability and Adaptive Vascular Remodeling After Arterial Ischemia. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040824. [PMID: 32235347 PMCID: PMC7226746 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that loss of hyaluronan (HA) from the endothelial glycocalyx leads to loss of vessel stability in specific microcirculatory vascular beds. Here we hypothesized that such derangements in the glycocalyx may also impair the adaptive response to vascular ischemia. Endothelial specific conditional hyaluronan synthase 2-KO (Has2-cKO) mice revealed reduced endothelial HA expression and lower hindlimb perfusion at baseline compared to control mice. After a single ligation of the common femoral artery in these mice, we observed dysregulated angiogenesis in the gastrocnemius muscle which did not restore capillary perfusion. Mechanistically, decreased endothelial binding of the pericyte-derived molecule angiopoietin1 (Ang1) could be observed in the Has2-cKO mouse. In vitro angiogenesis assays with an endothelial cell-pericyte coculture confirmed such disturbed Ang1-TIE2 signaling resulting in excessive angiogenesis upon loss of HA. These data could be of relevance to diabetes patients, where we confirm loss of endothelial HA in the microcirculation of muscle tissue, indicating that this may contribute to the known disturbed adaptation to ischemia in these patients. In summary, loss of endothelial HA results in impaired microvascular perfusion and endothelial stability in ischemic gastrocnemius muscle. Endothelial HA is a potential target to improve angiogenic therapy in diabetic patients with critical limb ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gangqi Wang
- The Einthoven laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (G.W.); (W.M.P.J.S.); (A.M.v.O.-R.); (H.C.d.B.); (A.J.v.Z.); (T.J.R.)
| | - Margreet R. de Vries
- The Einthoven laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands; (M.R.d.V.); (P.H.A.Q.)
| | - Wendy M. P. J. Sol
- The Einthoven laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (G.W.); (W.M.P.J.S.); (A.M.v.O.-R.); (H.C.d.B.); (A.J.v.Z.); (T.J.R.)
| | - Annemarie M. van Oeveren-Rietdijk
- The Einthoven laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (G.W.); (W.M.P.J.S.); (A.M.v.O.-R.); (H.C.d.B.); (A.J.v.Z.); (T.J.R.)
| | - Hetty C. de Boer
- The Einthoven laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (G.W.); (W.M.P.J.S.); (A.M.v.O.-R.); (H.C.d.B.); (A.J.v.Z.); (T.J.R.)
| | - Anton Jan van Zonneveld
- The Einthoven laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (G.W.); (W.M.P.J.S.); (A.M.v.O.-R.); (H.C.d.B.); (A.J.v.Z.); (T.J.R.)
| | - Paul H. A. Quax
- The Einthoven laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands; (M.R.d.V.); (P.H.A.Q.)
| | - Ton J. Rabelink
- The Einthoven laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (G.W.); (W.M.P.J.S.); (A.M.v.O.-R.); (H.C.d.B.); (A.J.v.Z.); (T.J.R.)
| | - Bernard M. van den Berg
- The Einthoven laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (G.W.); (W.M.P.J.S.); (A.M.v.O.-R.); (H.C.d.B.); (A.J.v.Z.); (T.J.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-71-52-65024
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Elgundi Z, Papanicolaou M, Major G, Cox TR, Melrose J, Whitelock JM, Farrugia BL. Cancer Metastasis: The Role of the Extracellular Matrix and the Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan Perlecan. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1482. [PMID: 32010611 PMCID: PMC6978720 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the dissemination of tumor cells to new sites, resulting in the formation of secondary tumors. This process is complex and is spatially and temporally regulated by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. One important extrinsic factor is the extracellular matrix, the non-cellular component of tissues. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are constituents of the extracellular matrix, and through their heparan sulfate chains and protein core, modulate multiple events that occur during the metastatic cascade. This review will provide an overview of the role of the extracellular matrix in the events that occur during cancer metastasis, primarily focusing on perlecan. Perlecan, a basement membrane HSPG is a key component of the vascular extracellular matrix and is commonly associated with events that occur during the metastatic cascade. Its contradictory role in these events will be discussed and we will highlight the recent advances in cancer therapies that target HSPGs and their modifying enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Elgundi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Papanicolaou
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gretel Major
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas R Cox
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - James Melrose
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - John M Whitelock
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brooke L Farrugia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tseng V, Ni K, Allawzi A, Prohaska C, Hernandez-Lagunas L, Elajaili H, Cali V, Midura R, Hascall V, Triggs-Raine B, Petrache I, Hart CM, Nozik-Grayck E. Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase Regulates Early Vascular Hyaluronan Remodeling in Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension. Sci Rep 2020; 10:280. [PMID: 31937874 PMCID: PMC6959284 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57147-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia leads to pathologic remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature and pulmonary hypertension (PH). The antioxidant enzyme extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3) protects against hypoxia-induced PH. Hyaluronan (HA), a ubiquitous glycosaminoglycan of the lung extracellular matrix, is rapidly recycled at sites of vessel injury and repair. We investigated the hypothesis that SOD3 preserves HA homeostasis by inhibiting oxidative and enzymatic hyaluronidase-mediated HA breakdown. In SOD3-deficient mice, hypoxia increased lung hyaluronidase expression and activity, hyaluronan fragmentation, and effacement of HA from the vessel wall of small pulmonary arteries. Hyaluronan fragmentation corresponded to hypoxic induction of the cell surface hyaluronidase-2 (Hyal2), which was localized in the vascular media. Human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs) demonstrated hypoxic induction of Hyal2 and SOD-suppressible hyaluronidase activity, congruent to our observations in vivo. Fragmentation of homeostatic high molecular weight HA promoted HPASMC proliferation in vitro, whereas pharmacologic inhibition of hyaluronidase activity prevented hypoxia- and oxidant-induced proliferation. Hypoxia initiates SOD3-dependent alterations in the structure and regulation of hyaluronan in the pulmonary vascular extracellular matrix. These changes occurred soon after hypoxia exposure, prior to appearance of PH, and may contribute to the early pathogenesis of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Tseng
- Emory University Department of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kevin Ni
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ayed Allawzi
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Clare Prohaska
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Laura Hernandez-Lagunas
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Hanan Elajaili
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Valbona Cali
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ronald Midura
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Vincent Hascall
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Barbara Triggs-Raine
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Irina Petrache
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - C Michael Hart
- Emory University Department of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eva Nozik-Grayck
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu A, Park JH, Zhang X, Sugita S, Naito Y, Lee JH, Kato H, Hao Q, Matthay MA, Lee JW. Therapeutic Effects of Hyaluronic Acid in Bacterial Pneumonia in Ex Vivo Perfused Human Lungs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 200:1234-1245. [PMID: 31390880 PMCID: PMC6857490 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201812-2296oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Recent studies have demonstrated that extracellular vesicles (EVs) released during acute lung injury (ALI) were inflammatory.Objectives: The current study was undertaken to test the role of EVs induced and released from severe Escherichia coli pneumonia (E. coli EVs) in the pathogenesis of ALI and to determine whether high-molecular-weight (HMW) hyaluronic acid (HA) administration would suppress lung injury from E. coli EVs or bacterial pneumonia.Methods:E. coli EVs were collected from the perfusate of an ex vivo perfused human lung injured with intrabronchial E. coli bacteria for 6 hours by ultracentrifugation and then given intrabronchially or intravenously to naive human lungs. One hour later, HMW HA was instilled into the perfusate (n = 5-6). In separate experiments, HMW HA was given after E. coli bacterial pneumonia (n = 6-10). In vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate binding of EVs to HMW HA and uptake of EVs by human monocytes.Measurements and Main Results: Administration of HMW HA ameliorated the impairment of alveolar fluid clearance, protein permeability, and acute inflammation from E. coli EVs or pneumonia and reduced total bacteria counts after E. coli pneumonia. HMW HA bound to E. coli EVs, inhibiting the uptake of EVs by human monocytes, an effect associated with reduced TNFα (tumor necrosis factor α) secretion. Surprisingly, HMW HA increased E. coli bacteria phagocytosis by monocytes.Conclusions: EVs induced and released during severe bacterial pneumonia were inflammatory and induced ALI, and HMW HA administration was effective in inhibiting the uptake of EVs by target cells and decreasing lung injury from E. coli EVs or bacterial pneumonia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Airan Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; and
- Department of Anesthesiology and
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jeong-Hyun Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Xiwen Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; and
- Department of Anesthesiology and
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Shinji Sugita
- Department of Anesthesiology and
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Yoshifumi Naito
- Department of Anesthesiology and
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jae-Hoon Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Hideya Kato
- Department of Anesthesiology and
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Qi Hao
- Department of Anesthesiology and
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Michael A. Matthay
- Department of Anesthesiology and
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jae-Woo Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Endothelial Glycocalyx Shedding Occurs during Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion: A Pilot Study. J Transplant 2019; 2019:6748242. [PMID: 31534794 PMCID: PMC6732651 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6748242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Damage to the endothelium has been established as a key pathological process in lung transplantation and ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP), a new technology that provides a platform for the assessment of injured donor lungs. Damage to the lung endothelial glycocalyx, a structure that lines the endothelium and is integral to vascular barrier function, has been associated with lung dysfunction. We hypothesised that endothelial glycocalyx shedding occurs during EVLP and aimed to establish a porcine model to investigate the mechanism underlying glycocalyx breakdown during EVLP. Methods Concentrations of endothelial glycocalyx breakdown products, syndecan-1, hyaluronan, heparan sulphate, and CD44, were measured using the ELISA and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity by zymography in the perfusate of both human (n = 9) and porcine (n = 4) lungs undergoing EVLP. Porcine lungs underwent prolonged EVLP (up to 12 hours) with perfusion and ventilation parameters recorded hourly. Results During human EVLP, endothelial glycocalyx breakdown products in the perfusate increased over time. Increasing MMP-2 activity over time was positively correlated with levels of syndecan-1 (r = 0.886; p=0.03) and hyaluronan (r = 0.943; p=0.02). In the porcine EVLP model, hyaluronan was the only glycocalyx product detectable during EVLP (1 hr: 19 (13–84) vs 12 hr: 143 (109–264) ng/ml; p=0.13). Porcine hyaluronan was associated with MMP-9 activity (r = 0.83; p=0.02) and also with dynamic compliance (r = 0.57; p=0.03). Conclusion Endothelial glycocalyx products accumulate during both porcine and human EVLP, and this accumulation parallels an accumulation of matrix-degrading enzyme activity. Preliminary evidence in our porcine EVLP model suggests that shedding may be related to organ function, thus warranting additional study.
Collapse
|
16
|
Han W, Duan Z. Roles of exosomes in liver metastases: Novel diagnosis and treatment choices. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21588-21600. [PMID: 31093975 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Tumors tend to metastasize to the liver. Premetastatic niche formation is a vital step in liver metastasis. Tumor-derived exosomes can influence premetastatic niche formation from three aspects: vascular leakiness and angiogenesis, recruitment of nonresident cells, and changes in local resident cells. Exosomes from other tissues, such as mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes and engineered exosomes, also have therapeutic potential, but further research on these exosomes is required. Based on the mechanism of premetastatic niche formation, we summarize the therapeutic and diagnostic potential of exosomes in inhibiting liver metastases in this review in an attempt to provide new avenues for the prevention and treatment of liver metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Han
- Difficult & Complicated Liver Diseases and Artificial Liver Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Liver Failure, Artificial Liver Treatment and Research, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongping Duan
- Difficult & Complicated Liver Diseases and Artificial Liver Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Liver Failure, Artificial Liver Treatment and Research, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
High Molecular Weight Hyaluronan Suppresses Macrophage M1 Polarization and Enhances IL-10 Production in PM 2.5-Induced Lung Inflammation. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091766. [PMID: 31067702 PMCID: PMC6539614 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PM2.5 is particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less. Airway macrophages are the key players regulating PM2.5-induced inflammation. High molecular weight hyaluronan (HMW-HA) has previously been shown to exert protective effects on PM2.5-induced acute lung injury and inflammation. However, little is known about the detailed mechanism. In this study, we aimed to determine whether HMW-HA alleviates PM2.5-induced pulmonary inflammation by modulating macrophage polarization. The levels of M1 biomarkers TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL1, CXCL2, NOS2 and CD86, as well as M2 biomarkers IL-10, MRC1, and Arg-1 produced by macrophages were measured by ELISA, qPCR, and flow cytometry. In addition, the amount of M1 macrophages in lung tissues was examined by immunofluorescence of CD68 and NOS2. We observed a decline in PM2.5-induced M1 polarization both in macrophages and lung tissues when HMW-HA was administered simultaneously. Meanwhile, western blot analysis revealed that PM2.5-induced JNK and p38 phosphorylation was suppressed by HMW-HA. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo studies showed that co-stimulation with HMW-HA and PM2.5 promoted the expression and release of IL-10, but exhibited limited effects on the transcription of MRC1 and ARG1. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that HMW-HA ameliorates PM2.5-induced lung inflammation by repressing M1 polarization through JNK and p38 pathways and promoting the production of pro-resolving cytokine IL-10.
Collapse
|
18
|
Markasz L, Savani RC, Sedin G, Sindelar R. The receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility (RHAMM) expression in neonatal bronchiolar epithelium correlates negatively with lung air content. Early Hum Dev 2018; 127:58-68. [PMID: 30312861 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hyaluronan (HA) and the receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility (RHAMM) may play an important role in lung development. We examined the expression of HA content and RHAMM during postnatal lung development by analyzing human lung specimens from newborn infants with a variety of lung diseases at different gestational (GA) and postnatal (PNA) ages. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-four patients were evaluated. Immunohistochemical RHAMM expression was studied with digital image analysis, followed by hierarchical cluster analysis of both these data and clinical data to define subgroups. The air content of the lung was determined by computerized analysis. HA content was estimated by radiometric assay. RESULTS Cluster analysis defined six distinct patient groups (Group 1-2: 34-41 weeks GA; Group 3-5: 23-27 weeks GA; Group 6: mixed population). Group 1-5 showed individual patterns in RHAMM expression and HA content (Group 1: high RHAMM/low HA; Group 2: low RHAMM/low HA; Group 3: low RHAMM/low HA; Group 4: low RHAMM/high HA; Group 5: high RHAMM/high HA). HA content decreased with increasing PNA independently of GA. Negative correlation was observed between air content and RHAMM expression in the bronchiolar epithelium irrespective of clustered groups. Lung hypoplasia appeared in two distinctive groups, with significant differences in lung development and RHAMM expression. CONCLUSIONS RHAMM expression may show dynamic changes during pathological processes in the neonatal lung. The distribution of RHAMM in the lung tissue is heterogeneous with a predominance to the bronchiolar epithelium. We found a negative correlation between lung air content and RHAMM expression in bronchiolar epithelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Markasz
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden..
| | - Rashmin C Savani
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Gunnar Sedin
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Richard Sindelar
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fu P, Shaaya M, Harijith A, Jacobson JR, Karginov A, Natarajan V. Sphingolipids Signaling in Lamellipodia Formation and Enhancement of Endothelial Barrier Function. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2018; 82:1-31. [PMID: 30360778 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids, first described in the brain in 1884, are important structural components of biological membranes of all eukaryotic cells. In recent years, several lines of evidence support the critical role of sphingolipids such as sphingosine, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), and ceramide as anti- or pro-inflammatory bioactive lipid mediators in a variety of human pathologies including pulmonary and vascular disorders. Among the sphingolipids, S1P is a naturally occurring agonist that exhibits potent barrier enhancing property in the endothelium by signaling via G protein-coupled S1P1 receptor. S1P, S1P analogs, and other barrier enhancing agents such as HGF, oxidized phospholipids, and statins also utilize the S1P/S1P1 signaling pathway to generate membrane protrusions or lamellipodia, which have been implicated in resealing of endothelial gaps and maintenance of barrier integrity. A better understanding of sphingolipids mediated regulation of lamellipodia formation and barrier enhancement of the endothelium will be critical for the development of sphingolipid-based therapies to alleviate pulmonary disorders such as sepsis-, radiation-, and mechanical ventilation-induced acute lung injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panfeng Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Mark Shaaya
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Anantha Harijith
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Jacobson
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Andrei Karginov
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
The CD44-HA axis and inflammation in atherosclerosis: A temporal perspective. Matrix Biol 2018; 78-79:201-218. [PMID: 29792915 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to atherosclerosis is a disease of chronic inflammation at both the systemic and the tissue level. CD44 has previously been implicated in atherosclerosis in both humans and mice. This multi-faceted receptor plays a critical part in the inflammatory response during the onset of CVD, though little is known of CD44's role during the latter stages of the disease. This review focuses on the role of CD44-dependent HA-dependent effects on inflammatory cells in several key processes, from disease initiation throughout the progression of atherosclerosis. Understanding how CD44 and HA regulate inflammation in atherogenesis is key in determining the utility of the CD44-HA axis as a therapeutic target to halt disease and potentially promote disease regression.
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhou T, Yu Z, Jian MY, Ahmad I, Trempus C, Wagener BM, Pittet JF, Aggarwal S, Garantziotis S, Song W, Matalon S. Instillation of hyaluronan reverses acid instillation injury to the mammalian blood gas barrier. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 314:L808-L821. [PMID: 29368549 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00510.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid (HCl) aspiration during anesthesia may lead to acute lung injury. There is no effective therapy. We hypothesized that HCl instilled intratracheally in C57BL/6 mice results in the formation of low-molecular weight hyaluronan (L-HA), which activates RhoA and Rho kinase (ROCK), causing airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and increased permeability. Furthermore, instillation of high-molecular weight hyaluronan (H-HA; Yabro) will reverse lung injury. We instilled HCl in C57BL/6 wild-type (WT), myeloperoxidase gene-deficient (MPO-/-) mice, and CD44 gene-deficient (CD44-/-) mice. WT mice were also instilled intranasally with H-HA (Yabro) at 1 and 23 h post-HCl. All measurements were performed at 1, 5, or 24 h post-HCl. Instillation of HCl in WT but not in CD44-/- resulted in increased inflammation, AHR, lung injury, and L-HA in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) 24 h post-HCl; L-HA levels and lung injury were significantly lower in HCl-instilled MPO-/- mice. Isolated perfused lungs of HCl instilled WT but not of CD44-/- mice had elevated values of the filtration coefficient ( Kf). Addition of L-HA on the apical surface of human primary bronchial epithelial cell monolayer decreased barrier resistance ( RT). H-HA significantly mitigated inflammation, AHR, and pulmonary vascular leakage at 24 h after HCl instillation and mitigated the increase of Kf and RT, as well as ROCK2 phosphorylation. Increased H- and L-HA levels were found in the BALF of mechanically ventilated patients but not in healthy volunteers. HCl instillation-induced lung injury is mediated by the L-HA-CD44-RhoA-ROCK2 signaling pathway, and H-HA is a potential novel therapeutic agent for acid aspiration-induced lung injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Zhihong Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ming-Yuan Jian
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Israr Ahmad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Carol Trempus
- Matrix Biology Group, Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Brant M Wagener
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jean-Francois Pittet
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Saurabh Aggarwal
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Stavros Garantziotis
- Matrix Biology Group, Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Weifeng Song
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sadis Matalon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kang I, Chang MY, Wight TN, Frevert CW. Proteoglycans as Immunomodulators of the Innate Immune Response to Lung Infection. J Histochem Cytochem 2018; 66:241-259. [PMID: 29328866 DOI: 10.1369/0022155417751880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteoglycans (PGs) are complex, multifaceted molecules that participate in diverse interactions vital for physiological and pathological processes. As structural components, they provide a scaffold for cells and structural organization that helps define tissue architecture. Through interactions with water, PGs enable molecular and cellular movement through tissues. Through selective ionic interactions with growth factors, chemokines, cytokines, and proteases, PGs facilitate the ability of these soluble ligands to regulate intracellular signaling events and to influence the inflammatory response. In addition, recent findings now demonstrate that PGs can activate danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and other signaling pathways to influence production of many of these soluble ligands, indicating a more direct role for PGs in influencing the immune response and tissue inflammation. This review will focus on PGs that are selectively expressed during lung inflammation and will examine the novel emerging concept of PGs as immunomodulatory regulators of the innate immune responses in lungs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inkyung Kang
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mary Y Chang
- Comparative Pathology Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Thomas N Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington
| | - Charles W Frevert
- Center for Lung Biology, Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Birukov KG, Karki P. Injured lung endothelium: mechanisms of self-repair and agonist-assisted recovery (2017 Grover Conference Series). Pulm Circ 2017; 8:2045893217752660. [PMID: 29261029 PMCID: PMC6022073 DOI: 10.1177/2045893217752660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The lung endothelium is vulnerable to both exogenous and endogenous insults, so a properly coordinated efficient repair system is essential for the timely recovery of the lung after injury. The agents that cause endothelial injury and dysfunction fall into a broad range from mechanical forces such as pathological cyclic stretch and shear stress to bacterial pathogens and their virulent components, vasoactive agonists including thrombin and histamine, metabolic causes including high glucose and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL), circulating microparticles, and inflammatory cytokines. The repair mechanisms employed by endothelial cells (EC) can be broadly categorized into three groups: (1) intrinsic mechanism of recovery regulated by the cross-talk between small GTPases as exemplified by Rap1-mediated EC barrier recovery from Rho-mediated thrombin-induced EC hyperpermeability; (2) agonist-assisted recovery facilitated by the activation of Rac and Rap1 with subsequent inhibition of Rho signaling as observed with many barrier protective agonists including oxidized phospholipids, sphingosine 1-phosphate, prostacyclins, and hepatocyte growth factor; and (3) self-recovery of EC by the secretion of growth factors and other pro-survival bioactive compounds including anti-inflammatory molecules such as lipoxins during the resolution of inflammation. In this review, we will discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms of pulmonary endothelium repair that is critical for the recovery from various forms of lung injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin G. Birukov
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of
Maryland Baltimore, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Konstantin G. Birukov, Department of Anesthesiology,
University of Maryland, School of Medicine, 20 Penn Street, HSF-2, Room 145 Baltimore, MD
21201, USA.
| | - Pratap Karki
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care
Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, School of Medicine,
Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nagy N, de la Zerda A, Kaber G, Johnson PY, Hu KH, Kratochvil MJ, Yadava K, Zhao W, Cui Y, Navarro G, Annes JP, Wight TN, Heilshorn SC, Bollyky PL, Butte MJ. Hyaluronan content governs tissue stiffness in pancreatic islet inflammation. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:567-578. [PMID: 29183997 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have identified a novel role for hyaluronan (HA), an extracellular matrix polymer, in governing the mechanical properties of inflamed tissues. We recently reported that insulitis in type 1 diabetes of mice and humans is preceded by intraislet accumulation of HA, a highly hygroscopic polymer. Using the double transgenic DO11.10 × RIPmOVA (DORmO) mouse model of type 1 diabetes, we asked whether autoimmune insulitis was associated with changes in the stiffness of islets. To measure islet stiffness, we used atomic force microscopy (AFM) and developed a novel "bed of nails"-like approach that uses quartz glass nanopillars to anchor islets, solving a long-standing problem of keeping tissue-scale objects immobilized while performing AFM. We measured stiffness via AFM nanoindentation with a spherical indenter and found that insulitis made islets mechanically soft compared with controls. Conversely, treatment with 4-methylumbelliferone, a small-molecule inhibitor of HA synthesis, reduced HA accumulation, diminished swelling, and restored basal tissue stiffness. These results indicate that HA content governs the mechanical properties of islets. In hydrogels with variable HA content, we confirmed that increased HA leads to mechanically softer hydrogels, consistent with our model. In light of recent reports that the insulin production of islets is mechanosensitive, these findings open up an exciting new avenue of research into the fundamental mechanisms by which inflammation impacts local cellular responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Nagy
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases,
| | | | - Gernot Kaber
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases
| | - Pamela Y Johnson
- the Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98101
| | | | - Michael J Kratochvil
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases.,the Department of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Koshika Yadava
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases
| | - Wenting Zhao
- the Department of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Yi Cui
- the Department of Materials Science and Engineering
| | | | - Justin P Annes
- the Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and
| | - Thomas N Wight
- the Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98101
| | | | - Paul L Bollyky
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases
| | - Manish J Butte
- the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 and
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Balasubbramanian D, Gelston CAL, Mitchell BM, Chatterjee P. Toll-like receptor activation, vascular endothelial function, and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Pharmacol Res 2017; 121:14-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
26
|
Job KM, O'Callaghan R, Hlady V, Barabanova A, Dull RO. The Biomechanical Effects of Resuscitation Colloids on the Compromised Lung Endothelial Glycocalyx. Anesth Analg 2017; 123:382-93. [PMID: 27331777 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000001284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endothelial glycocalyx is an important component of the vascular permeability barrier, forming a scaffold that allows serum proteins to create a gel-like layer on the endothelial surface and transmitting mechanosensing and mechanotransduction information that influences permeability. During acute inflammation, the glycocalyx is degraded, changing how it interacts with serum proteins and colloids used during resuscitation and altering its barrier properties and biomechanical characteristics. We quantified changes in the biomechanical properties of lung endothelial glycocalyx during control conditions and after degradation by hyaluronidase using biophysical techniques that can probe mechanics at (1) the aqueous/glycocalyx interface and (2) inside the glycocalyx. Our goal was to discern the location-specific effects of albumin and hydroxyethyl starch (HES) on glycocalyx function. METHODS The effects of albumin and HES on the mechanical properties of bovine lung endothelial glycocalyx were studied using a combination of atomic force microscopy and reflectance interference contrast microscopy. Logistic regression was used to determine the odds ratios for comparing the effects of varying concentrations of albumin and HES on the glycocalyx with and without hyaluronidase. RESULTS Atomic force microscopy measurements demonstrated that both 0.1% and 4% albumin increased the thickness and reduced the stiffness of glycocalyx when compared with 1% albumin. The effect of HES on glycocalyx thickness was similar to albumin, with thickness increasing significantly between 0.1% and 1% HES and a trend toward a softer glycocalyx at 4% HES. Reflectance interference contrast microscopy revealed a concentration-dependent softening of the glycocalyx in the presence of albumin, but a concentration-dependent increase in stiffness with HES. After glycocalyx degradation with hyaluronidase, stiffness was increased only at 4% albumin and 1% HES. CONCLUSIONS Albumin and HES induced markedly different effects on glycocalyx mechanics and had notably different effects after glycocalyx degradation by hyaluronidase. We conclude that HES is not comparable with albumin for studies of vascular permeability and glycocalyx-dependent signaling. Characterizing the molecular and biomechanical effects of resuscitation colloids on the glycocalyx should clarify their indicated uses and permit a better understanding of how HES and albumin affect vascular function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Job
- From the *Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt lake City, Utah; and †Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Brown RV, Wang T, Chappeta VR, Wu G, Onel B, Chawla R, Quijada H, Camp SM, Chiang ET, Lassiter QR, Lee C, Phanse S, Turnidge MA, Zhao P, Garcia JGN, Gokhale V, Yang D, Hurley LH. The Consequences of Overlapping G-Quadruplexes and i-Motifs in the Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor β Core Promoter Nuclease Hypersensitive Element Can Explain the Unexpected Effects of Mutations and Provide Opportunities for Selective Targeting of Both Structures by Small Molecules To Downregulate Gene Expression. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:7456-7475. [PMID: 28471683 PMCID: PMC5977998 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFR-β) signaling pathway is a validated and important target for the treatment of certain malignant and nonmalignant pathologies. We previously identified a G-quadruplex-forming nuclease hypersensitive element (NHE) in the human PDGFR-β promoter that putatively forms four overlapping G-quadruplexes. Therefore, we further investigated the structures and biological roles of the G-quadruplexes and i-motifs in the PDGFR-β NHE with the ultimate goal of demonstrating an alternate and effective strategy for molecularly targeting the PDGFR-β pathway. Significantly, we show that the primary G-quadruplex receptor for repression of PDGFR-β is the 3'-end G-quadruplex, which has a GGA sequence at the 3'-end. Mutation studies using luciferase reporter plasmids highlight a novel set of G-quadruplex point mutations, some of which seem to provide conflicting results on effects on gene expression, prompting further investigation into the effect of these mutations on the i-motif-forming strand. Herein we characterize the formation of an equilibrium between at least two different i-motifs from the cytosine-rich (C-rich) sequence of the PDGFR-β NHE. The apparently conflicting mutation results can be rationalized if we take into account the single base point mutation made in a critical cytosine run in the PDGFR-β NHE that dramatically affects the equilibrium of i-motifs formed from this sequence. We identified a group of ellipticines that targets the G-quadruplexes in the PDGFR-β promoter, and from this series of compounds, we selected the ellipticine analog GSA1129, which selectively targets the 3'-end G-quadruplex, to shift the dynamic equilibrium in the full-length sequence to favor this structure. We also identified a benzothiophene-2-carboxamide (NSC309874) as a PDGFR-β i-motif-interactive compound. In vitro, GSA1129 and NSC309874 downregulate PDGFR-β promoter activity and transcript in the neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-SH at subcytotoxic cell concentrations. GSA1129 also inhibits PDGFR-β-driven cell proliferation and migration. With an established preclinical murine model of acute lung injury, we demonstrate that GSA1129 attenuates endotoxin-mediated acute lung inflammation. Our studies underscore the importance of considering the effects of point mutations on structure formation from the G- and C-rich sequences and provide further evidence for the involvement of both strands and associated structures in the control of gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert V. Brown
- College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | | | - Guanhui Wu
- College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Buket Onel
- College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Reena Chawla
- BIO5 Institute, 1657 East Helen Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Hector Quijada
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | - Sara M. Camp
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | - Eddie T. Chiang
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | - Quinea R. Lassiter
- College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, University of Arizona, 1117 East Lowell Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Carmen Lee
- College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, University of Arizona, 1117 East Lowell Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- College of Science, University of Arizona, 1040 East Fourth Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Shivani Phanse
- College of Science, University of Arizona, 1040 East Fourth Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Megan A. Turnidge
- College of Science, University of Arizona, 1040 East Fourth Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Ping Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuandong Road, Education Mega Centre, Guanzhou 510006, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Joe G. N. Garcia
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | - Vijay Gokhale
- College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- BIO5 Institute, 1657 East Helen Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Danzhou Yang
- College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- BIO5 Institute, 1657 East Helen Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | - Laurence H. Hurley
- College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- BIO5 Institute, 1657 East Helen Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Schnoor M, García Ponce A, Vadillo E, Pelayo R, Rossaint J, Zarbock A. Actin dynamics in the regulation of endothelial barrier functions and neutrophil recruitment during endotoxemia and sepsis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:1985-1997. [PMID: 28154894 PMCID: PMC11107778 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2449-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a leading cause of death worldwide. Increased vascular permeability is a major hallmark of sepsis. Dynamic alterations in actin fiber formation play an important role in the regulation of endothelial barrier functions and thus vascular permeability. Endothelial integrity requires a delicate balance between the formation of cortical actin filaments that maintain endothelial cell contact stability and the formation of actin stress fibers that generate pulling forces, and thus compromise endothelial cell contact stability. Current research has revealed multiple molecular pathways that regulate actin dynamics and endothelial barrier dysfunction during sepsis. These include intracellular signaling proteins of the small GTPases family (e.g., Rap1, RhoA and Rac1) as well as the molecules that are directly acting on the actomyosin cytoskeleton such as myosin light chain kinase and Rho kinases. Another hallmark of sepsis is an excessive recruitment of neutrophils that also involves changes in the actin cytoskeleton in both endothelial cells and neutrophils. This review focuses on the available evidence about molecules that control actin dynamics and regulate endothelial barrier functions and neutrophil recruitment. We also discuss treatment strategies using pharmaceutical enzyme inhibitors to target excessive vascular permeability and leukocyte recruitment in septic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schnoor
- Department for Molecular Biomedicine, Centre for Investigation and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav-IPN), Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, GAM, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Alexander García Ponce
- Department for Molecular Biomedicine, Centre for Investigation and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav-IPN), Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, GAM, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Vadillo
- Department for Molecular Biomedicine, Centre for Investigation and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav-IPN), Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, GAM, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosana Pelayo
- Oncology Research Unit, National Medical Center, Mexican Institute for Social Security, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jan Rossaint
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Zarbock
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sokolic J, Tokmadzic VS, Knezevic D, Medved I, Vukelic Damjani N, Balen S, Rakic M, Lanca Bastiancic A, Laskarin G. Endothelial dysfunction mediated by interleukin-18 in patients with ischemic heart disease undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. Med Hypotheses 2017; 104:20-24. [PMID: 28673582 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
When medication management or percutaneous coronary intervention is not successful in patients with advanced ischemic heart disease, surgical revascularisation-predominantly coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)-is considered the gold standard. However, CABG surgery can lead to ischemia/reperfusion injury, which is characterized by a strong inflammatory response. Interleukin (IL)-18, is a strong inflammatory mediator, that is released from cardiomyocytes and can be found in the systemic circulation of patients during and immediately after CABG surgery. The existing damage of endothelial glycocalyx in patients with ischemic heart disease is further impaired concurrently during the surgery due to the anaesthesia-surgical technique used and intravascular fluid loading. This results in the increased incidence of adverse events, including myocardial infarction. IL-18 leads to the activation of lymphocyte cytotoxicity via cytotoxic mediators (Fas ligand, Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, perforin, and granulysin). We hypothesize that IL-18 is released locally in the heart and the systemic circulation in patients undergoing CABG surgery and may be correlated with the level of activity of circulating lymphocytes. In turn, this may lead to lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity directed toward damaged and activated endothelial cells. Shear stress glycocalyx, as well as damaged and activated endothelial cells then become the main the source of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules. These attract activated lymphocytes to adhere to the endothelium or enter the subintimal layer, increasing existing or initiating the formation of new plaques, which leads to the development of myocardial infarction during or shortly after surgery. To evaluate our hypothesis, we will measure the local concentration of IL-18 in the sinus coronarius and systemic circulation. These values will then be correlated with immunological and biochemical parameters, predominantly with the concentration of degradation products of glycocalyx and cytotoxic mediators in activated lymphocytes. If our hypothesis is correct, measuring the IL-18 concentration that is responsible for glycocalyx deterioration, may become a useful tool for predicting myocardial infarction occurrence in patients undergoing CABG surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jadranko Sokolic
- Clinic of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, 51 000 Rijeka, Kresimirova 42, Croatia
| | - Vlatka Sotosek Tokmadzic
- Clinic of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, 51 000 Rijeka, Kresimirova 42, Croatia; Department of Anesthesiology, Reanimatology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, B. Branchetta 20, Croatia.
| | - Danijel Knezevic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Reanimatology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, B. Branchetta 20, Croatia
| | - Igor Medved
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Tome Strizica 3, Croatia
| | - Nada Vukelic Damjani
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, 51 000 Rijeka, Kresimirova 42, Croatia
| | - Sanja Balen
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, 51 000 Rijeka, Kresimirova 42, Croatia
| | - Marijana Rakic
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation of the Hearth and Lung Diseases and Rheumatism "Thalassotherapia" Opatija, 51410 Opatija, M. Tita 188, Croatia
| | - Ana Lanca Bastiancic
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation of the Hearth and Lung Diseases and Rheumatism "Thalassotherapia" Opatija, 51410 Opatija, M. Tita 188, Croatia
| | - Gordana Laskarin
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation of the Hearth and Lung Diseases and Rheumatism "Thalassotherapia" Opatija, 51410 Opatija, M. Tita 188, Croatia; Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, B. Branchetta 20, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Haase N, Rüder C, Haase H, Kamann S, Kouno M, Morano I, Dechend R, Zohlnhöfer D, Haase T. Protective Function of Ahnak1 in Vascular Healing after Wire Injury. J Vasc Res 2017; 54:131-142. [PMID: 28468000 DOI: 10.1159/000464287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Vascular remodeling following injury substantially accounts for restenosis and adverse clinical outcomes. In this study, we investigated the role of the giant scaffold protein Ahnak1 in vascular healing after endothelial denudation of the murine femoral artery. METHODS The spatiotemporal expression pattern of Ahnak1 and Ahnak2 was examined using specific antibodies and real-time quantitative PCR. Following wire-mediated endothelial injury of Ahnak1-deficient mice and wild-type (WT) littermates, the processes of vascular healing were analyzed. RESULTS Ahnak1 and Ahnak2 showed a mutually exclusive vascular expression pattern, with Ahnak1 being expressed in the endothelium and Ahnak2 in the medial cells in naïve WT arteries. After injury, a marked increase of Ahnak1- and Ahnak2-positive cells at the lesion site became evident. Both proteins showed a strong upregulation in neointimal cells 14 days after injury. Ahnak1-deficient mice showed delayed vascular healing and dramatically impaired re-endothelialization that resulted in prolonged adverse vascular remodeling, when compared to the WT littermates. CONCLUSION The large scaffold and adaptor proteins Ahnak1 and Ahnak2 exhibit differential expression patterns and functions in naïve and injured arteries. Ahnak1 plays a nonredundant protective role in vascular healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Haase
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (a joint cooperation of the MDC and the Charité Medical Faculty), Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kang ML, Jeong SY, Im GI. Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Functionalized with Self-Assembled Micelles of Amphiphilic PEGylated Kartogenin for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:630-639. [PMID: 28338415 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic hyaluronic acid (HA) containing a covalently integrated drug is capable of releasing therapeutic molecules and is an attractive candidate for the intra-articular treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). Herein, self-assembled PEGylated kartogenin (PEG/KGN) micelles consisting of hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG) and hydrophobic KGN, which has been shown to induce chondrogenesis in human mesenchymal stem cells, were prepared by covalent crosslinking. HA hydrogels containing PEG/KGN micelles (HA/PEG/KGN) were prepared by covalently bonding PEG chains to HA. The physicochemical properties of the HA/PEG/KGN conjugate gels were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H NMR, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). HA/PEG/KGN gels exhibited larger micelles in aqueous solution than PEG/KGN. SEM images of PEG/KGN micelles showed a dark core and a bright shell, whereas PEG/KGN micelles covalently integrated into HA had an irregular oval shape. Covalent integration of PEG/KGN micelles in HA hydrogels significantly reduced drug release rates and provided sustained release over a prolonged period of time. HA/PEG/KGN hydrogels were degradable enzymatically by collagenase and hyaluronidase in vitro. Injection of HA/PEG/KGN hydrogels into articular cartilage significantly suppressed the progression of OA in rats compared with free-HA hydrogel injection. These results suggest that the HA/PEG/KGN hydrogels have greater potency than free-HA hydrogels against OA as biodegradable synthetic therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Lan Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital , Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Young Jeong
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital , Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Il Im
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital , Goyang, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
LaMarca B, Cornelius DC, Harmon AC, Amaral LM, Cunningham MW, Faulkner JL, Wallace K. Identifying immune mechanisms mediating the hypertension during preeclampsia. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 311:R1-9. [PMID: 27097659 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00052.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-associated disorder that affects 5-8% of pregnancies and is a major cause of maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Hallmark characteristics of PE are new onset hypertension after 20 wk gestation with or without proteinuria, chronic immune activation, fetal growth restriction, and maternal endothelial dysfunction. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms that lead to the development of PE are poorly understood. Recent data from studies of both clinical and animal models demonstrate an imbalance in the subpopulations of CD4+ T cells and a role for these cells as mediators of inflammation and hypertension during pregnancy. Specifically, it has been proposed that the imbalance between two CD4+ T cell subtypes, regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T-helper 17 cells (Th17s), is involved in the pathophysiology of PE. Studies from our laboratory highlighting how this imbalance contributes to vasoactive factors, endothelial dysfunction, and hypertension during pregnancy will be discussed in this review. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to highlight hypertensive mechanisms stimulated by inflammatory factors in response to placental ischemia, thereby elucidating a role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Babbette LaMarca
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Denise C Cornelius
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and
| | - Ashlyn C Harmon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and
| | - Lorena M Amaral
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and
| | - Mark W Cunningham
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and
| | - Jessica L Faulkner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and
| | - Kedra Wallace
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
McKallip RJ, Ban H, Uchakina ON. Treatment with the hyaluronic Acid synthesis inhibitor 4-methylumbelliferone suppresses LPS-induced lung inflammation. Inflammation 2016; 38:1250-9. [PMID: 25537799 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-0092-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to bacterial endotoxins, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), can lead to the induction of acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). To date, there are no known effective treatments for LPS-induced inflammation. In the current study, we investigated the potential use of the hyaluronic acid (HA) synthesis inhibitor 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) on LPS-induced acute lung inflammation. Culturing LPS-activated immune cells with 4-MU led to reduced proliferation, reduced cytokine production, and an increase in apoptosis when compared to untreated cells. Treatment of mice with 4-MU led to protection from LPS-induced lung injury. Specifically, 4-MU treatment led to a reduction in LPS-induced hyaluronic acid synthase (HAS) messenger RNA (mRNA) levels, reduction in lung permeability, and reduction in proinflammatory cytokine production. Taken together, these results suggest that use of 4-MU to target HA production may be an effective treatment for the inflammatory response following exposure to LPS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J McKallip
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, 1550 College St, Macon, GA, 31207, USA,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Garantziotis S, Brezina M, Castelnuovo P, Drago L. The role of hyaluronan in the pathobiology and treatment of respiratory disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 310:L785-95. [PMID: 26747781 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00168.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan, a ubiquitous naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan, is a major component of the extracellular matrix, where it participates in biological processes that include water homeostasis, cell-matrix signaling, tissue healing, inflammation, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation and migration. There are emerging data that hyaluronan and its degradation products have an important role in the pathobiology of the respiratory tract. We review the role of hyaluronan in respiratory diseases and present evidence from published literature and from clinical practice supporting hyaluronan as a novel treatment for respiratory diseases. Preliminary data show that aerosolized exogenous hyaluronan has beneficial activity against airway inflammation, protects against bronchial hyperreactivity and remodeling, and disrupts the biofilm associated with chronic infection. This suggests a role in airway diseases with a predominant inflammatory component such as rhinosinusitis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, and primary ciliary dyskinesia. The potential for hyaluronan to complement conventional therapy will become clearer when data are available from controlled trials in larger patient populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Garantziotis
- Clinical Research Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina;
| | - Martin Brezina
- Clinic of Pediatric Pneumology and Phthisiology, University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Paolo Castelnuovo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Insubria, Ospedale di Circolo, Fondazione Macchi, Varese, Italy; and
| | - Lorenzo Drago
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Inoue K, Fry EA. Aberrant Splicing of Estrogen Receptor, HER2, and CD44 Genes in Breast Cancer. GENETICS & EPIGENETICS 2015; 7:19-32. [PMID: 26692764 PMCID: PMC4669075 DOI: 10.4137/geg.s35500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cause of cancer-related death among women under the age of 50 years. Established biomarkers, such as hormone receptors (estrogen receptor [ER]/progesterone receptor) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), play significant roles in the selection of patients for endocrine and trastuzumab therapies. However, the initial treatment response is often followed by tumor relapse with intrinsic resistance to the first-line therapy, so it has been expected to identify novel molecular markers to improve the survival and quality of life of patients. Alternative splicing of pre-messenger RNAs is a ubiquitous and flexible mechanism for the control of gene expression in mammalian cells. It provides cells with the opportunity to create protein isoforms with different, even opposing, functions from a single genomic locus. Aberrant alternative splicing is very common in cancer where emerging tumor cells take advantage of this flexibility to produce proteins that promote cell growth and survival. While a number of splicing alterations have been reported in human cancers, we focus on aberrant splicing of ER, HER2, and CD44 genes from the viewpoint of BC development. ERα36, a splice variant from the ER1 locus, governs nongenomic membrane signaling pathways triggered by estrogen and confers 4-hydroxytamoxifen resistance in BC therapy. The alternative spliced isoform of HER2 lacking exon 20 (Δ16HER2) has been reported in human BC; this isoform is associated with transforming ability than the wild-type HER2 and recapitulates the phenotypes of endocrine therapy-resistant BC. Although both CD44 splice isoforms (CD44s, CD44v) play essential roles in BC development, CD44v is more associated with those with favorable prognosis, such as luminal A subtype, while CD44s is linked to those with poor prognosis, such as HER2 or basal cell subtypes that are often metastatic. Hence, the detection of splice variants from these loci will provide keys to understand the pathogenesis, predict the prognosis, and choose specific therapies for BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazushi Inoue
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Fry
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Venning FA, Wullkopf L, Erler JT. Targeting ECM Disrupts Cancer Progression. Front Oncol 2015; 5:224. [PMID: 26539408 PMCID: PMC4611145 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic complications are responsible for more than 90% of cancer-related deaths. The progression from an isolated tumor to disseminated metastatic disease is a multistep process, with each step involving intricate cross talk between the cancer cells and their non-cellular surroundings, the extracellular matrix (ECM). Many ECM proteins are significantly deregulated during the progression of cancer, causing both biochemical and biomechanical changes that together promote the metastatic cascade. In this review, the influence of several ECM proteins on these multiple steps of cancer spread is summarized. In addition, we highlight the promising (pre-)clinical data showing benefits of targeting these ECM macromolecules to prevent cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Freja A. Venning
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen (UCPH), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lena Wullkopf
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen (UCPH), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janine T. Erler
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen (UCPH), Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hyperglycemia-Induced Changes in Hyaluronan Contribute to Impaired Skin Wound Healing in Diabetes: Review and Perspective. Int J Cell Biol 2015; 2015:701738. [PMID: 26448756 PMCID: PMC4581551 DOI: 10.1155/2015/701738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcers and chronic wounds are a particularly common problem in diabetics and are associated with hyperglycemia. In this targeted review, we summarize evidence suggesting that defective wound healing in diabetics is causally linked, at least in part, to hyperglycemia-induced changes in the status of hyaluronan (HA) that resides in the pericellular coat (glycocalyx) of endothelial cells of small cutaneous blood vessels. Potential mechanisms through which exposure to high glucose levels causes a loss of the glycocalyx on the endothelium and accelerates the recruitment of leukocytes, creating a proinflammatory environment, are discussed in detail. Hyperglycemia also affects other cells in the immediate perivascular area, including pericytes and smooth muscle cells, through exposure to increased cytokine levels and through glucose elevations in the interstitial fluid. Possible roles of newly recognized, cross-linked forms of HA, and interactions of a major HA receptor (CD44) with cytokine/growth factor receptors during hyperglycemia, are also discussed.
Collapse
|
38
|
Extracellular Vesicles from Caveolin-Enriched Microdomains Regulate Hyaluronan-Mediated Sustained Vascular Integrity. Int J Cell Biol 2015; 2015:481493. [PMID: 26447809 PMCID: PMC4581561 DOI: 10.1155/2015/481493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Defects in vascular integrity are an initiating factor in several disease processes. We have previously reported that high molecular weight hyaluronan (HMW-HA), a major glycosaminoglycan in the body, promotes rapid signal transduction in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMVEC) leading to barrier enhancement. In contrast, low molecular weight hyaluronan (LMW-HA), produced in disease states by hyaluronidases and reactive oxygen species (ROS), induces HPMVEC barrier disruption. However, the mechanism(s) of sustained barrier regulation by HA are poorly defined. Our results indicate that long-term (6–24 hours) exposure of HMW-HA induced release of a novel type of extracellular vesicle from HLMVEC called enlargeosomes (characterized by AHNAK expression) while LMW-HA long-term exposure promoted release of exosomes (characterized by CD9, CD63, and CD81 expression). These effects were blocked by inhibiting caveolin-enriched microdomain (CEM) formation. Further, inhibiting enlargeosome release by annexin II siRNA attenuated the sustained barrier enhancing effects of HMW-HA. Finally, exposure of isolated enlargeosomes to HPMVEC monolayers generated barrier enhancement while exosomes led to barrier disruption. Taken together, these results suggest that differential release of extracellular vesicles from CEM modulate the sustained HPMVEC barrier regulation by HMW-HA and LMW-HA. HMW-HA-induced specialized enlargeosomes can be a potential therapeutic strategy for diseases involving impaired vascular integrity.
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Recent developments in nanotechnology have brought new approaches to cancer diagnosis and therapy. While enhanced permeability and retention effect (EPR) promotes nanoparticle (NP) extravasation, the abnormal tumor vasculature, high interstitial pressure and dense stroma structure limit homogeneous intratumoral distribution of NP and compromise their imaging and therapeutic effect. Moreover, heterogeneous distribution of NP in nontumor-stroma cells damages the nontumor cells, and interferes with tumor-stroma crosstalk. This can lead to inhibition of tumor progression, but can also paradoxically induce acquired resistance and facilitate tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. Overall, the tumor microenvironment plays a crucial, yet controversial role in regulating NP distribution and their biological effects. In this review, we summarize recent studies on the stroma barriers for NP extravasation, and discuss the consequential effects of NP distribution in stroma cells. We also highlight design considerations to improve NP delivery and propose potential combinatory strategies to overcome acquired resistance induced by damaged stroma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Miao
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center of Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Aya KL, Stern R. Hyaluronan in wound healing: rediscovering a major player. Wound Repair Regen 2015; 22:579-93. [PMID: 25039417 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing involves a series of carefully modulated steps, from initial injury and blood clot to the final reconstituted tissue or scar. A dynamic reciprocity exists throughout between the wound, blood elements, extracellular matrix, and cells that participate in healing. Multiple cytokines and signal transduction pathways regulate these reactions. A major component throughout most of the process is hyaluronan, a straight-chain carbohydrate extracellular matrix polymer. Hyaluronan occurs in multiple forms, chain length being the only distinguishing characteristic between them. Levels of hyaluronan in its high-molecular-weight form are prominent in the earliest stages of wound repair. Progressively more fragmented forms occur in a manner not previously appreciated. We outline here steps in the wound healing cascade in which hyaluronan participates, as well as providing a review of its metabolism. Although described by necessity in a series of quantum steps, the healing process is constituted by a smooth continuum of overlapping reactions. The prevalence of hyaluronan in the wound (initially termed "hexosamine-containing mucopolysaccharide"), particularly in its early stages, was pointed out over half a century ago by the Harvard surgeon J. Engelbert Dunphy. It appears we are now returning to where we started.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kessiena L Aya
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York, New York
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Monslow J, Govindaraju P, Puré E. Hyaluronan - a functional and structural sweet spot in the tissue microenvironment. Front Immunol 2015; 6:231. [PMID: 26029216 PMCID: PMC4432798 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition from homeostatic to reactive matrix remodeling is a fundamental adaptive tissue response to injury, inflammatory disease, fibrosis, and cancer. Alterations in architecture, physical properties, and matrix composition result in changes in biomechanical and biochemical cellular signaling. The dynamics of pericellular and extracellular matrices, including matrix protein, proteoglycan, and glycosaminoglycan modification are continually emerging as essential regulatory mechanisms underlying cellular and tissue function. Nevertheless, the impact of matrix organization on inflammation and immunity in particular and the consequent effects on tissue healing and disease outcome are arguably under-studied aspects of adaptive stress responses. Herein, we review how the predominant glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) contributes to the structure and function of the tissue microenvironment. Specifically, we examine the evidence of HA degradation and the generation of biologically active smaller HA fragments in pathological settings in vivo. We discuss how HA fragments versus nascent HA via alternate receptor-mediated signaling influence inflammatory cell recruitment and differentiation, resident cell activation, as well as tumor growth, survival, and metastasis. Finally, we discuss how HA fragmentation impacts restoration of normal tissue function and pathological outcomes in disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Monslow
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Priya Govindaraju
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ellen Puré
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
The fate of both endogenous and transplanted stem cells is dependent on the functional status of the regulatory local microenvironment, which is compromised by disease and therapeutic intervention. The glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) is a critical component of the hematopoietic microenvironment. We summarize recent advances in our understanding of the role of HA in regulating mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, fibroblasts, macrophages, and endothelium in bone marrow (BM) and their crosstalk within the hematopoietic microenvironment. HA not only determines the volume, hydration, and microfluidics of the BM interstitial space, but also, via interactions with specific receptors, regulates multiple cell functions including differentiation, migration, and production of regulatory factors. The effects of HA are dependent on the polymer size and are influenced by the formation of complexes with other molecules. In healthy BM, HA synthases and hyaluronidases form a molecular network that maintains extracellular HA levels within a discrete physiological window, but HA homeostasis is often perturbed in pathological conditions, including hematological malignancies. Recent studies have suggested that HA synthases may have functions beyond HA production and contribute to the intracellular regulatory machinery. We discuss a possible role for HA synthases, intracellular and extracellular HA in the malignant BM microenvironment, and resistance to therapy.
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Vascular integrity or the maintenance of blood vessel continuity is a fundamental process regulated by endothelial cell-cell junctions. Defects in endothelial barrier function are an initiating factor in several disease processes including tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. The glycosaminoglycan, hyaluronan (HA), maintains vascular integrity through specific mechanisms including HA-binding protein signaling in caveolin-enriched microdomains, a subset of lipid rafts. Certain disease states, including cancer, increase enzymatic hyaluronidase activity and reactive oxygen species generation, which break down high molecular weight HA (HMW-HA) to low molecular weight fragments (LMW-HA). LMW-HA can activate specific HA-binding proteins during tumor progression to promote disruption of endothelial cell-cell contacts. In contrast, exogenous administration of HMW-HA promotes enhancement of vascular integrity. This review focuses on the roles of HA in regulating angiogenic and metastatic processes based on its size and the HA-binding proteins present. Further, potential therapeutic applications of HMW-HA in treating cancer are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Singleton
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ghosh S, Hoselton SA, Dorsam GP, Schuh JM. Hyaluronan fragments as mediators of inflammation in allergic pulmonary disease. Immunobiology 2014; 220:575-88. [PMID: 25582403 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is frequently caused and/or exacerbated by sensitization to allergens, which are ubiquitous in many indoor and outdoor environments. Severe asthma is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and bronchial constriction in response to an inhaled allergen, leading to a disease course that is often very difficult to treat with standard asthma therapies. As a result of interactions among inflammatory cells, structural cells, and the intercellular matrix of the allergic lung, patients with sensitization to allergens may experience a greater degree of tissue injury followed by airway wall remodeling and progressive, accumulated pulmonary dysfunction as part of the disease sequela. In addition, turnover of extracellular matrix (ECM) components is a hallmark of tissue injury and repair. This review focuses on the role of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA), a component of the ECM, in pulmonary injury and repair with an emphasis on allergic asthma. Both the synthesis and degradation of the ECM are critical contributors to tissue repair and remodeling. Fragmented HA accumulates during tissue injury and functions in ways distinct from the larger native polymer. There is gathering evidence that HA degradation products are active participants in stimulating the expression of inflammatory genes in a variety of immune cells at the injury site. In this review, we will consider recent advances in the understanding of the mechanisms that are associated with HA accumulation and inflammatory cell recruitment in the asthmatic lung.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Ghosh
- Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA.
| | - Scott A Hoselton
- Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Glenn P Dorsam
- Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Jane M Schuh
- Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Yu M, He P, Liu Y, He Y, Du Y, Wu M, Zhang G, Yang C, Gao F. Hyaluroan-regulated lymphatic permeability through S1P receptors is crucial for cancer metastasis. Med Oncol 2014; 32:381. [PMID: 25428387 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0381-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of cancer lymphatic vessel barrier function occurs has been reported to involve in cancer lymphatic metastasis. Hyaluronan (HA), a major glycosaminoglycan component of the extracellular matrix, is associated with cancer metastasis. We investigated the effect of high/low molecular weight hyaluronan (HMW-HA/LMW-HA) on regulation of barrier function and tight junctions in cancer lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) monolayer. Results showed that LMW-HA increased the permeability of cancer LEC monolayers and induced disruption of Zonula Occludens-1 (ZO-1)-mediated intercellular tight junction and actin stress fiber formation. HMW-HA treatment decreased permeability in cancer LEC monolayers and cortical actin ring formation. As reported, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptors are involved in vascular integrity. After silencing of lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor (LYVE-1), upregulation of S1P receptors (S1P1 and S1P3) induced by HMW-HA/LMW-HA were inhibited, respectively. With S1P3 silenced, the disruption of ZO-1 as well as stress fiber formation and the ROCK1/RhoA signaling pathway induced by LMW-HA was not observed in cancer LEC. These results suggested that S1P receptors may play an important role in HMW-HA-/LMW-HA-mediated regulation of cancer lymphatic vessel integrity, which might be the initial step of cancer lymphatic metastasis and a useful intervention of cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengsi Yu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Harkness LM, Ashton AW, Burgess JK. Asthma is not only an airway disease, but also a vascular disease. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 148:17-33. [PMID: 25460035 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Multiple studies have identified an expansion and morphological dysregulation of the bronchial vascular network in the airways of asthmatics. Increased number, size and density of blood vessels, as well as vascular leakage and plasma engorgement, have been reported in the airways of patients with all grades of asthma from mild to fatal. This neovascularisation is an increasingly commonly reported feature of airway remodelling; however, the pathophysiological impact of the increased vasculature in the bronchial wall and its significance to pulmonary function in asthma are unrecognised at this time. Multiple factors capable of influencing the development and persistence of the vascular network exist within asthmatic airway tissue. These include structural components of the altered extracellular matrix (ECM), imbalance of proteases and their endogenous inhibitors, release of active matrikines and the dysregulated levels of both soluble and matrix sequestered growth factors. This review will explore the features of the asthmatic airway which influence the development and persistence of the increased vascular network, as well as the effect of enhanced tissue perfusion on chronic inflammation and airway dynamics. The response of cells of the airways to the altered vascular profile and the subsequent influence on the features of airway remodelling will also be highlighted. We will explore the failure of current asthma therapeutics in "normalising" this vascular remodelling. Finally, we will summarize the outcomes of recent clinical trials which provide hope that anti-angiogenic therapies may be a potent asthma-resolving class of drugs and provide a new approach to asthma management in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise M Harkness
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony W Ashton
- Division of Perinatal Research, Kolling Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Janette K Burgess
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Lennon FE, Mirzapoiazova T, Mambetsariev N, Mambetsariev B, Salgia R, Singleton PA. Transactivation of the receptor-tyrosine kinase ephrin receptor A2 is required for the low molecular weight hyaluronan-mediated angiogenesis that is implicated in tumor progression. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:24043-58. [PMID: 25023279 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.554766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis or the formation of new blood vessels is important in the growth and metastatic potential of various cancers. Therefore, understanding the mechanism(s) by which angiogenesis occurs can have important therapeutic implications in numerous malignancies. We and others have demonstrated that low molecular weight hyaluronan (LMW-HA, ∼2500 Da) promotes endothelial cell (EC) barrier disruption and angiogenesis. However, the mechanism(s) by which this occurs is poorly defined. Our data indicate that treatment of human EC with LMW-HA induced CD44v10 association with the receptor-tyrosine kinase, EphA2, transactivation (tyrosine phosphorylation) of EphA2, and recruitment of the PDZ domain scaffolding protein, PATJ, to the cell periphery. Silencing (siRNA) CD44, EphA2, PATJ, or Dbs (RhoGEF) expression blocked LMW-HA-mediated angiogenesis (EC proliferation, migration, and tubule formation). In addition, silencing EphA2, PATJ, Src, or Dbs expression blocked LMW-HA-mediated RhoA activation. To translate our in vitro findings, we utilized a novel anginex/liposomal targeting of murine angiogenic endothelium with either CD44 or EphA2 siRNA and observed inhibition of LMW-HA-induced angiogenesis in implanted Matrigel plugs. Taken together, these results indicate LMW-HA-mediated transactivation of EphA2 is required for PATJ and Dbs membrane recruitment and subsequent RhoA activation required for angiogenesis. These results suggest that targeting downstream effectors of LMW-HA could be a useful therapeutic intervention for angiogenesis-associated diseases including tumor progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frances E Lennon
- From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care and
| | | | | | - Bolot Mambetsariev
- From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care and
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Section of Hematology and Oncology University of Chicago, Chicago Illinois 60637
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ono Y, Ishizuka S, Knudson CB, Knudson W. Chondroprotective Effect of Kartogenin on CD44-Mediated Functions in Articular Cartilage and Chondrocytes. Cartilage 2014; 5:172-80. [PMID: 25610529 PMCID: PMC4297178 DOI: 10.1177/1947603514528354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A recent report identified the small molecule kartogenin as a chondrogenic and chondroprotective agent. Since changes in hyaluronan metabolism occur during cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis, we began studies to determine whether there was a connection between extracellular hyaluronan, CD44-hyaluronan interactions and the effects of kartogenin on articular chondrocytes. METHODS Chondrocytes cultured in monolayers, bioengineered neocartilages, or cartilage explants were treated with kartogenin with or without stimulation by IL-1β. Accumulation of matrix was visualized by a particle exclusion assay or by safranin O staining and release of sulfated glycosaminoglycans was determined. Production of aggrecanases and aggrecan G1-ITEGE neoepitope, fragmentation of CD44 and the SMAD1/5/8 signaling pathway were evaluated by western blotting. RESULTS Kartogenin treatment enhanced chondrocyte pericellular matrix assembly and retention in the presence of IL-1β. The chondroprotective effects of kartogenin on IL-1β-induced release of sulfated glycosaminoglycans from articular cartilage explants, reduction in safranin O staining of neocartilage discs as well as a reduction in aggrecan G1-ITEGE neoepitope in chondrocyte and explant cartilage cultures were observed. Kartogenin partially blocked the IL-1β-induced increased expression of ADAMTS-5. Additionally, kartogenin-treated articular chondrocytes exhibited a decrease in CD44 proteolytic fragmentation. However, kartogenin treatment did not enhance proteoglycan in control, non-IL-1β-treated cultures. Similarly, kartogenin enhanced the SMAD1 phosphorylation but only following pretreatment with IL-1β. CONCLUSION These studies provide novel information on the chondroprotective function of kartogenin in adult articular cartilage. The effects of kartogenin are significant after activation of chondrocytic chondrolysis, which may occur following disruption of homeostasis maintained by hyaluronan-CD44 interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Ono
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Shinya Ishizuka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Cheryl B. Knudson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Warren Knudson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Cornelius DC, Lamarca B. TH17- and IL-17- mediated autoantibodies and placental oxidative stress play a role in the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia. MINERVA GINECOLOGICA 2014; 66:243-249. [PMID: 24971780 PMCID: PMC5089699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia is a multisystem disorder of pregnancy that affects 5-8% of pregnancies. The pathophysiologic mechanisms that lead to the development of pre-eclampsia are poorly understood. Higher than normal levels of circulating TH17 is observed in preeclamptic women compared to women with normal pregnancy. TH17 cells are a subset of CD4+ T helper cells that are characterized by their secretion of IL-17. Recent studies suggest a role for TH17 cells and IL-17 in the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia. In this review, we will discuss the known function of TH17 cells and IL-17 in immunity and vascular function. We will then review the role of IL-17 and TH17 cells in normal pregnancy and their association with pre-eclampsia, followed by a discussion of the literature to examine a potential role for IL-17 and TH17 cells in mediating pathophysiology in pre-eclampsia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D C Cornelius
- Department of Pharmacology and Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson, MS, USA -
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Birukova AA, Singleton PA, Gawlak G, Tian X, Mirzapoiazova T, Mambetsariev B, Dubrovskyi O, Oskolkova OV, Bochkov VN, Birukov KG. GRP78 is a novel receptor initiating a vascular barrier protective response to oxidized phospholipids. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:2006-16. [PMID: 24829380 PMCID: PMC4072574 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-12-0743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular integrity and the maintenance of blood vessel continuity are fundamental features of the circulatory system maintained through endothelial cell-cell junctions. Defects in the endothelial barrier become an initiating factor in several pathologies, including ischemia/reperfusion, tumor angiogenesis, pulmonary edema, sepsis, and acute lung injury. Better understanding of mechanisms stimulating endothelial barrier enhancement may provide novel therapeutic strategies. We previously reported that oxidized phospholipids (oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine [OxPAPC]) promote endothelial cell (EC) barrier enhancement both in vitro and in vivo. This study examines the initiating mechanistic events triggered by OxPAPC to increase vascular integrity. Our data demonstrate that OxPAPC directly binds the cell membrane-localized chaperone protein, GRP78, associated with its cofactor, HTJ-1. OxPAPC binding to plasma membrane-localized GRP78 leads to GRP78 trafficking to caveolin-enriched microdomains (CEMs) on the cell surface and consequent activation of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1, Src and Fyn tyrosine kinases, and Rac1 GTPase, processes essential for cytoskeletal reorganization and EC barrier enhancement. Using animal models of acute lung injury with vascular hyperpermeability, we observed that HTJ-1 knockdown blocked OxPAPC protection from interleukin-6 and ventilator-induced lung injury. Our data indicate for the first time an essential role of GRP78 and HTJ-1 in OxPAPC-mediated CEM dynamics and enhancement of vascular integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Birukova
- Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Patrick A Singleton
- Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Grzegorz Gawlak
- Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Xinyong Tian
- Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Tamara Mirzapoiazova
- Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Bolot Mambetsariev
- Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Oleksii Dubrovskyi
- Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Olga V Oskolkova
- Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Valery N Bochkov
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Konstantin G Birukov
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|