1
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Khan IA, Yu T, Li Y, Hu C, Zhao X, Wei Q, Zhong Y, Yang M, Liu J, Chen Z. In vivo toxicity of upconversion nanoparticles (NaYF 4:Yb, Er) in zebrafish during early life stages: Developmental toxicity, gut-microbiome disruption, and proinflammatory effects. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 284:116905. [PMID: 39191133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (Ln-UCNPs) have been considered promising materials for various fields, such as biomedical and industrial applications. However, data and reports regarding its toxicity and environmental risks are scarce. Under these circumstances, data must be obtained to fully understand potential toxicity and adverse outcome pathways. In the present study, the toxicity of uncoated Ln-UCNP cores (NaYF4:Yb, Er) was systematically assessed in zebrafish embryos during early developmental stages. Ln-UCNPs were found to have multiple toxic effects, such as effects on survival rates, delayed hatching times, shorter body lengths, altered heart rates and blood circulation (significantly reduced), and neurobehavioral impairments in response to photoperiod stimulation. Bioimaging showed that Ln-UCNPs were distributed on the chorion, eyes, and skin at 72 hpf. However, it accumulates in the pharynx, esophagus, and intestine after oral administration. Ln-UCNPs disrupt the diversity and abundance of host-associated microorganisms (gut microbiota) leading to an increase in the prevalence of harmful bacteria in zebrafish. Transcriptomic and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) predicted Interleukin-8 (IL-8) signaling, neuroinflammation, cardiac hypertrophy signaling pathways, immune and inflammation-related response interferon-gamma (ifnγ), and miR-155 as key mediators in regulatory effects. Based on this, a causal network was built showing the strong links between the induced gene expression of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), such as nitric oxide synthase 2 (nos2) and tumor necrosis factor (tnf) upon Ln-UCNPs treatment, and with the downstream adverse outcomes, in particular, the promotion of apoptosis, liver damage, and inflammatory response. Finally, RT-qPCR analysis confirmed the up-regulated expression of nos2 and tnf in the exposed larvae, consistent with the observation of an increased number of fluorescence-labelled neutrophils and macrophages in lyz: DsRed transgenic zebrafish until 120 hpf exposure, which together demonstrated the proinflammatory effects of Ln-UCNPs on organisms. In conclusion, we illustrated the developmental toxicity, disruption of gut-microbiome, and proinflammatory effects of Ln-UCNP cores on zebrafish, and the causal network from IPA analysis may help further elucidate the adverse outcome pathway of Ln-UCNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ahamed Khan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Ting Yu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yong Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Chengzhang Hu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Qing Wei
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yufang Zhong
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Ming Yang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Jinliang Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Fujian, Jinjiang, Fujian 362200, China; Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China.
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2
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Ioannou P, Baliou S, Samonis G. Nanotechnology in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Antibiotic-Resistant Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:121. [PMID: 38391507 PMCID: PMC10886108 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13020121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), along with the relative reduction in the production of new antimicrobials, significantly limits the therapeutic options in infectious diseases. Thus, novel treatments, especially in the current era, where AMR is increasing, are urgently needed. There are several ongoing studies on non-classical therapies for infectious diseases, such as bacteriophages, antimicrobial peptides, and nanotechnology, among others. Nanomaterials involve materials on the nanoscale that could be used in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of infectious diseases. This review provides an overview of the applications of nanotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases from a clinician's perspective, with a focus on pathogens with AMR. Applications of nanomaterials in diagnosis, by taking advantage of their electrochemical, optic, magnetic, and fluorescent properties, are described. Moreover, the potential of metallic or organic nanoparticles (NPs) in the treatment of infections is also addressed. Finally, the potential use of NPs in the development of safe and efficient vaccines is also reviewed. Further studies are needed to prove the safety and efficacy of NPs that would facilitate their approval by regulatory authorities for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Ioannou
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Stella Baliou
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - George Samonis
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
- First Department of Medical Oncology, Metropolitan Hospital of Neon Faliron, 18547 Athens, Greece
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3
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Kurakula H, Vaishnavi S, Sharif MY, Ellipilli S. Emergence of Small Interfering RNA-Based Gene Drugs for Various Diseases. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:20234-20250. [PMID: 37323391 PMCID: PMC10268023 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Small molecule, peptide, and protein-based drugs have been developed over decades to treat various diseases. The importance of gene therapy as an alternative to traditional drugs has increased after the discovery of gene-based drugs such as Gendicine for cancer and Neovasculgen for peripheral artery disease. Since then, the pharma sector is focusing on developing gene-based drugs for various diseases. After the discovery of the RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism, the development of siRNA-based gene therapy has been accelerated immensely. siRNA-based treatment for hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis (hATTR) using Onpattro and acute hepatic porphyria (AHP) by Givlaari and three more FDA-approved siRNA drugs has set up a milestone and further improved the confidence for the development of gene therapeutics for a spectrum of diseases. siRNA-based gene drugs have more advantages over other gene therapies and are under study to treat different types of diseases such as viral infections, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and many more. However, there are a few bottlenecks to realizing the full potential of siRNA-based gene therapy. They include chemical instability, nontargeted biodistribution, undesirable innate immune responses, and off-target effects. This review provides a comprehensive view of siRNA-based gene drugs: challenges associated with siRNA delivery, their potential, and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshini Kurakula
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Engineering and Sciences, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh 522240, India
| | - Swetha Vaishnavi
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Engineering and Sciences, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh 522240, India
| | - Mohammed Yaseen Sharif
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Engineering and Sciences, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh 522240, India
| | - Satheesh Ellipilli
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Engineering and Sciences, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh 522240, India
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4
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The Impact of Metal Nanoparticles on the Immunoregulatory and Therapeutic Properties of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023:10.1007/s12015-022-10500-2. [PMID: 36810951 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10500-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Negative impacts of nanomaterials on stem cells and cells of the immune system are one of the main causes of an impaired or slowed tissue healing. Therefore, we tested effects of four selected types of metal nanoparticles (NPs): zinc oxide (ZnO), copper oxide (CuO), silver (Ag), and titanium dioxide (TiO2) on the metabolic activity and secretory potential of mouse mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and on the ability of MSCs to stimulate production of cytokines and growth factors by macrophages. Individual types of nanoparticles differed in the ability to inhibit metabolic activity, and significantly decreased the production of cytokines and growth factors (interleukin-6, vascular endothelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-1) by MSCs, with the strongest inhibitory effect of CuO NPs and the least effect of TiO2 NPs. The recent studies indicate that immunomodulatory and therapeutic effects of transplanted MSCs are mediated by macrophages engulfing apoptotic MSCs. We co-cultivated macrophages with heat-inactivated MSCs which were untreated or were preincubated with the highest nontoxic concentrations of metal NPs, and the secretory activity of macrophages was determined. Macrophages cultivated in the presence of both untreated MSCs or MSCs preincubated with NPs produced significantly enhanced and comparable levels of various cytokines and growth factors. These results suggest that metal nanoparticles inhibit therapeutic properties of MSCs by a direct negative effect on their secretory activity, but MSCs cultivated in the presence of metal NPs have preserved the ability to stimulate cytokine and growth factor production by macrophages.
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5
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El-Baz N, Nunn BM, Bates PJ, O’Toole MG. The Impact of PEGylation on Cellular Uptake and In Vivo Biodistribution of Gold Nanoparticle MRI Contrast Agents. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9120766. [PMID: 36550972 PMCID: PMC9774698 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9120766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have immense potential in biomedicine, but understanding their interactions with serum proteins is crucial as it could change their biological profile due to the formation of a protein corona, which could then affect their ultimate biodistribution in the body. Grafting GNPs with polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a widely used practice in research in order to decrease opsonization of the particles by serum proteins and to decrease particle uptake by the mononuclear phagocyte system. We investigated the impact of PEGylation on the formation of protein coronae and the subsequent uptake by macrophages and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. Furthermore, we investigated the in vivo biodistribution in xenograft tumor-bearing mice using a library of 4 and 10 nm GNPs conjugated with a gadolinium chelate as MRI contrast agent, cancer-targeting aptamer AS1411 (or CRO control oligonucleotide), and with or without PEG molecules of different molecular weight (Mw: 1, 2, and 5 kDa). In vitro results showed that PEG failed to decrease the adsorption of proteins; moreover, the cellular uptake by macrophage cells was contingent on the different configurations of the aptamers and the length of the PEG chain. In vivo biodistribution studies showed that PEG increased the uptake by tumor cells for some GNPs, albeit it did not decrease the uptake of GNPs by macrophage-rich organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagwa El-Baz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Betty M. Nunn
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Paula J. Bates
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Martin G. O’Toole
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
- Correspondence:
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6
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El-Kady MM, Ansari I, Arora C, Rai N, Soni S, Kumar Verma D, Singh P, El Din Mahmoud A. Nanomaterials: A Comprehensive Review of Applications, Toxicity, Impact, and Fate to Environment. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.121046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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7
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Bezbaruah R, Chavda VP, Nongrang L, Alom S, Deka K, Kalita T, Ali F, Bhattacharjee B, Vora L. Nanoparticle-Based Delivery Systems for Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1946. [PMID: 36423041 PMCID: PMC9694785 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is still the most cost-effective way to combat infectious illnesses. Conventional vaccinations may have low immunogenicity and, in most situations, only provide partial protection. A new class of nanoparticle-based vaccinations has shown considerable promise in addressing the majority of the shortcomings of traditional and subunit vaccines. This is due to recent breakthroughs in chemical and biological engineering, which allow for the exact regulation of nanoparticle size, shape, functionality, and surface characteristics, resulting in improved antigen presentation and robust immunogenicity. A blend of physicochemical, immunological, and toxicological experiments can be used to accurately characterize nanovaccines. This narrative review will provide an overview of the current scenario of the nanovaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajashri Bezbaruah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
| | - Vivek P. Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380008, Gujarat, India
| | - Lawandashisha Nongrang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
| | - Shahnaz Alom
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science-Tezpur, Sonitpur 784501, Assam, India
| | - Kangkan Deka
- Department of Pharmacognosy, NETES Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Mirza, Guwahati 781125, Assam, India
| | - Tutumoni Kalita
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Azara, Guwahati 781017, Assam, India
| | - Farak Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science-Tezpur, Sonitpur 784501, Assam, India
| | - Bedanta Bhattacharjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science-Tezpur, Sonitpur 784501, Assam, India
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8
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Ayaz F, Colak SG, Ocakoglu K. Water-Based Synthesis of Copper Chalcogenide Structures and Their Photodynamic Immunomodulatory Activities on Mammalian Macrophages. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:3677-3688. [PMID: 35488952 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03942-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Generation of novel and versatile immunomodulatory agents that could suppress excessive inflammation has been crucial to fight against chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Immunomodulatory agents regulate the function of immune system cells to manage their activities. Current therapy regimens for the inflammatory and autoimmune disorders rely on immunomodulatory drug molecules but they are also associated with unwanted and severe side effects. In order to prevent the side effects associated with drug molecules, the field should generate novel immunomodulatory drug candidates and further test them. Moreover, the generation of photodynamic immunomodulatory molecules would also decrease possible side effects. Photodynamic activation enables specific and localized activation of the active ingredients upon exposure to a certain wavelength of light. In our study, we generated copper-based chalcogenide structures in gel and nanoparticle form by using a water-based method so that they are more biocompatible.After their chemical characterization, they were tested on mammalian macrophages in vitro. Our results suggest that these molecules were anti-inflammatory in dark conditions and their anti-inflammatory potentials significantly increased upon xenon light treatment. We are presenting novel photodynamic immunomodulatory agents that can be used to suppress excessive inflammation in disease conditions that have been associated with excessive inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furkan Ayaz
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Mersin University, 33110, Mersin, Turkey.
- Mersin University Biotechnology Research and Application Center, Mersin University, Mersin, 33110, Turkey.
| | - Suleyman Gokhan Colak
- Advanced Technology Research & Application Center, Mersin University, Ciftlikkoy Campus, TR33343, Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Kasim Ocakoglu
- Department of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Tarsus University, 33400, Tarsus, Turkey.
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9
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Almanaa TN, Aref M, Kakakhel MA, Elshopakey GE, Mahboub HH, Abdelazim AM, Kamel S, Belali TM, Abomughaid MM, Alhujaily M, Fahmy EM, Ezzat Assayed M, Mostafa-Hedeab G, Daoush WM. Silica Nanoparticle Acute Toxicity on Male Rattus norvegicus Domestica: Ethological Behavior, Hematological Disorders, Biochemical Analyses, Hepato-Renal Function, and Antioxidant-Immune Response. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:868111. [PMID: 35464726 PMCID: PMC9022119 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.868111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
With extensive production and various applications of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs), there is a controversy regarding the ecotoxicological impacts of SiNPs. Therefore, the current study was aimed to assess the acute toxicity of silica nanoparticles in male Rattus norvegicus domestica after 24 and 96 h. Hematological, serum biochemical, stress biomarker, and immune-antioxidant parameters were addressed. Chemical composition, crystal structure, and the particle shape and morphology of SiNPs were investigated using XRD, FTIR, BET, UV-Vis, and SEM, while TEM was used to estimate the average size distribution of particles. For the exposure experiment, 48 male rats were divided into four groups (12 rat/group) and gavaged daily with different levels of zero (control), 5, 10, and 20 mg of SiNPs corresponding to zero, 31.25, 62.5, and 125 mg per kg of body weight. Sampling was carried out after 24 and 96 h. Relative to the control group, the exposure to SiNPs induced clear behavioral changes such as inactivity, lethargy, aggressiveness, and screaming. In a dose-dependent manner, the behavior scores recorded the highest values. Pairwise comparisons with the control demonstrated a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in hematological and immunological biomarkers [lysozymes and alternative complement activity (ACH50)] with a concomitant reduction in the antioxidant enzymes [catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)] in all exposed groups to SiNPs. On the contrary, there was a noticeable increase in biochemical parameters (glucose, cortisol, creatinine, urea, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), total protein, and albumin) and hepato-renal indicators, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), of all SiNP-exposed groups. It was observed that SiNPs induced acute toxicity, either after 24 h or 96 h, post-exposure of rats to SiNPs evidenced by ethological changes, hepato-renal dysfunction, hyperlipemia, and severe suppression in hematological, protein, stress, and immune-antioxidant biomarkers reflecting an impaired physiological status. The obtained outcomes create a foundation for future research to consider the acute toxicity of nanoparticles to preserve human health and sustain the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taghreed N. Almanaa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Aref
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mian Adnan Kakakhel
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gehad E. Elshopakey
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Heba H. Mahboub
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Walid M. Daoush, ; Heba H. Mahboub,
| | - Aaser Mohamed Abdelazim
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar Kamel
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Tareg M. Belali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mosleh M. Abomughaid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhanad Alhujaily
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esraa M. Fahmy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ezzat Assayed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
- Head of Coordination and Follow-up Unit, General Requirments Center, Deanship of Supportive Studies, Taif University, Ta’if, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gomaa Mostafa-Hedeab
- Pharmacology Department and Health Research Unit-medical College, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Walid M. Daoush
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Production Technology, Faculty of Technology and Education, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Walid M. Daoush, ; Heba H. Mahboub,
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10
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Exposure to nanoparticles and occupational allergy. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 22:55-63. [DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Berini F, Orlandi V, Gornati R, Bernardini G, Marinelli F. Nanoantibiotics to fight multidrug resistant infections by Gram-positive bacteria: hope or reality? Biotechnol Adv 2022; 57:107948. [PMID: 35337933 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The spread of antimicrobial resistance in Gram-positive pathogens represents a threat to human health. To counteract the current lack of novel antibiotics, alternative antibacterial treatments have been increasingly investigated. This review covers the last decade's developments in using nanoparticles as carriers for the two classes of frontline antibiotics active on multidrug-resistant Gram-positive pathogens, i.e., glycopeptide antibiotics and daptomycin. Most of the reviewed papers deal with vancomycin nanoformulations, being teicoplanin- and daptomycin-carrying nanosystems much less investigated. Special attention is addressed to nanoantibiotics used for contrasting biofilm-associated infections. The status of the art related to nanoantibiotic toxicity is critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Berini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, via JH Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy.
| | - Viviana Orlandi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, via JH Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy.
| | - Rosalba Gornati
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, via JH Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Bernardini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, via JH Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy.
| | - Flavia Marinelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, via JH Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy.
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12
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Rastgar S, Alijani Ardeshir R, Segner H, Tyler CR, J G M Peijnenburg W, Wang Y, Salati AP, Movahedinia A. Immunotoxic effects of metal-based nanoparticles in fish and bivalves. Nanotoxicology 2022; 16:88-113. [PMID: 35201945 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2022.2041756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There is a global research interest in metal nanoparticles (MNPs) due to their diverse applications, rapidly increasing use, and increased presence in the aquatic environment. Currently, most MNPs in the environment are at levels unlikely to cause overt toxicity. Sub-lethal effects that MNPs may induce, notable immunotoxicity, could however have significant health implications. Thus, deciphering the immunological interactions of MNPs with aquatic organisms constitutes a much-needed area of research. In this article, we critically assess the evidence for immunotoxic effects of MNPs in bivalves and fish, as key wildlife sentinels with widely differing ecological niches that are used as models in ecotoxicology. The first part of this review details the properties, fate, and fundamental physicochemical behavior of MNPs in the aquatic ecosystem. We then consider the toxicokinetics of MNP uptake, accumulation, and deposition in fish and bivalves. The main body of the review then focuses on immune reactions in response to MNPs exposure in bivalves and fish illustrating their immunotoxic potential. Finally, we identify major knowledge gaps in our current understanding of the implications of MNPs exposure for immunological functions and the associated health consequences for bivalves and fish, as well as the general lessons learned on the immunotoxic properties of the emerging class of nanoparticulate contaminants in fish and bivalves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rastgar
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran
| | | | - Helmut Segner
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Department of Pathobiology and Infectious Diseases, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Charles R Tyler
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.,Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Centre for Safety of Substances and Products, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Youji Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Amir Parviz Salati
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Natural resources, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran
| | - Abdolali Movahedinia
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
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13
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Morsy EA, Hussien AM, Ibrahim MA, Farroh KY, Hassanen EI. Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Copper oxide Nanoparticles in chickens. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:4731-4745. [PMID: 33484442 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02595-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) are consciously used to control the growth of bacteria, fungi, and algae. Several studies documented the beneficial and hazardous effects of CuO-NPs on human cells and different experimental animals but there are not many studies that report the effect of CuO-NPs in poultry. Therefore, the present study was performed to investigate the dose-dependent effects of copper oxide nanoparticles on the growth performance, immune status, oxidant/antioxidant capacity, DNA status, and histological structures of most edible parts of broiler chickens (muscle, heart, liver, spleen, and kidneys). The experiment was carried out on 90 1-day-old broiler chicks (Cobb 500) which were divided into three experimental groups (n = 30) in three replicates (n = 10). Group 1 was kept as a control group and did not receive copper oxide nanoparticles. Groups 2 and 3 received CuO-NPs by oral gavage at dose 5 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg bwt respectively at 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days of the life of the chickens. An increase in the amount of feed intake and weight was recorded every week, and finally, the food conversion ratio (FCR) was calculated. Our results showed dose-dependent increases in malondialdehyde levels, copper contents, DNA fragmentation percent, and microscopic scoring in different examined organs of CuO-NPs-receiving groups associated with a remarkable reduction in weight gain, food conversion ratio, catalase activity, and antibody titer of both New Castle and Avian Influenza viruses. Histopathological alterations were observed in both groups receiving CuO-NPs with some variations in its severity. Our study concluded that CuO-NPs are considered cytotoxic and we recommend not adding them to poultry feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A Morsy
- Poultry Diseases Department, Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Hussien
- Toxicology & Forensic Medicine Department, Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Ibrahim
- Biochemistry Department, Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Khaled Y Farroh
- Nanotechnology Department, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman I Hassanen
- Pathology Department, Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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14
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Modulation of Innate Immune Toxicity by Silver Nanoparticle Exposure and the Preventive Effects of Pterostilbene. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052536. [PMID: 33802568 PMCID: PMC7961836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles pose a potential risk to ecosystems and living organisms due to their widespread use in various fields and subsequent gradual release into the environment. Only a few studies have investigated the effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) toxicity on immunological functions. Furthermore, these toxic effects have not been fully explored. Recent studies have indicated that zebrafish are considered a good alternative model for testing toxicity and for evaluating immunological toxicity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the toxicity effects of AgNPs on innate immunity using a zebrafish model and to investigate whether the natural compound pterostilbene (PTE) could provide protection against AgNPs-induced immunotoxicity. Wild type and neutrophil- and macrophage-transgenic zebrafish lines were used in the experiments. The results indicated that the exposure to AgNPs induced toxic effects including death, malformation and the innate immune toxicity of zebrafish. In addition, AgNPs affect the number and function of neutrophils and macrophages. The expression of immune-related cytokines and chemokines was also affected. Notably, the addition of PTE could activate immune cells and promote their accumulation in injured areas in zebrafish, thereby reducing the damage caused by AgNPs. In conclusion, AgNPs may induce innate immune toxicity and PTE could ameliorate this toxicity.
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15
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Di Giampaolo L, Zaccariello G, Benedetti A, Vecchiotti G, Caposano F, Sabbioni E, Groppi F, Manenti S, Niu Q, Poma AMG, Di Gioacchino M, Petrarca C. Genotoxicity and Immunotoxicity of Titanium Dioxide-Embedded Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (TiO 2@MSN) in Primary Peripheral Human Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC). NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11020270. [PMID: 33494245 PMCID: PMC7909844 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are the nanomaterial most produced as an ultraviolet (UV) filter. However, TiO2 is a semiconductor and, in nanoparticle size, is a strong photocatalyst, raising concerns about photomutagenesis. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) were synthetized incorporating TiO2 NPs (TiO2@MSN) to develop a cosmetic UV filter. The aim of this study was to assess the toxicity of TiO2@MSN, compared with bare MSN and commercial TiO2 NPs, based on several biomarkers. Materials and Methods: Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were exposed to TiO2@MSN, bare MSN (network) or commercial TiO2 NPs for comparison. Exposed PBMC were characterized for cell viability/apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), nuclear morphology, and cytokines secretion. Results: All the nanoparticles induced apoptosis, but only TiO2 NPs (alone or assembled into MSN) led to ROS and micronuclei. However, TiO2@MSN showed lower ROS and cytotoxicity with respect to the P25. Exposure to TiO2@MSN induced Th2-skewed and pro-fibrotic responses. Conclusions: Geno-cytotoxicity data indicate that TiO2@MSN are safer than P25 and MSN. Cytokine responses induced by TiO2@MSN are imputable to both the TiO2 NPs and MSN, and, therefore, considered of low immunotoxicological relevance. This analytical assessment might provide hints for NPs modification and deep purification to reduce the risk of health effects in the settings of their large-scale manufacturing and everyday usage by consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Di Giampaolo
- Specialization School of Occupational Medicine, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Gloria Zaccariello
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems and Centro di Microscopia Elettronica “Giovanni Stevanato”, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155/b, I-30170 Venezia-Mestre, Italy; (G.Z.); (A.B.)
| | - Alvise Benedetti
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems and Centro di Microscopia Elettronica “Giovanni Stevanato”, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155/b, I-30170 Venezia-Mestre, Italy; (G.Z.); (A.B.)
| | - Giulia Vecchiotti
- Center of Advanced Sciences and Technologies (C.A.S.T.), University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.V.); (F.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Francesca Caposano
- Center of Advanced Sciences and Technologies (C.A.S.T.), University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.V.); (F.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Enrico Sabbioni
- Center of Advanced Sciences and Technologies (C.A.S.T.), University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.V.); (F.C.); (E.S.)
- Department of Physics, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milano, Italy; (F.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Flavia Groppi
- Department of Physics, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milano, Italy; (F.G.); (S.M.)
- Laboratorio Acceleratori e Superconduttività Applicata (LASA), Department of Physics, Università Degli Studi di Milano and INFN-Milano, Via F.lli Cervi 201, I-20090 Segrate, Italy
| | - Simone Manenti
- Department of Physics, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milano, Italy; (F.G.); (S.M.)
- Laboratorio Acceleratori e Superconduttività Applicata (LASA), Department of Physics, Università Degli Studi di Milano and INFN-Milano, Via F.lli Cervi 201, I-20090 Segrate, Italy
| | - Qiao Niu
- Occupational Health Department, Public Health School, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China;
| | - Anna Maria Giuseppina Poma
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, I-67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.M.G.P.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Mario Di Gioacchino
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, I-67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.M.G.P.); (M.D.G.)
- Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing (DMSI), University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
- Institute of Clinical Immunotherapy and Advanced Biological Treatments, Piazza Pierangeli 1, 65121 Pescara, Italy
- Rectorate of Leonardo da Vinci Telematic University, Largo San Rocco 11, 66010 Torrevecchia Teatina CH, Italy
| | - Claudia Petrarca
- Center of Advanced Sciences and Technologies (C.A.S.T.), University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.V.); (F.C.); (E.S.)
- Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing (DMSI), University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
- Institute of Clinical Immunotherapy and Advanced Biological Treatments, Piazza Pierangeli 1, 65121 Pescara, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-087-154-1290
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16
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Vo-Dinh T. The New Frontier in Medicine at the Convergence of Nanotechnology and Immunotherapy. Bioanalysis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78338-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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17
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Amina M, Al Musayeib NM, Alarfaj NA, El-Tohamy MF, Al-Hamoud GA. Antibacterial and Immunomodulatory Potentials of Biosynthesized Ag, Au, Ag-Au Bimetallic Alloy Nanoparticles Using the Asparagus racemosus Root Extract. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2453. [PMID: 33302432 PMCID: PMC7762544 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Two noble metals, such as silver and gold alloy nanoparticles, were successfully synthesized by the microwave assisted method in the presence of the Asparagus racemosus root extract and were used as an antibacterial and immunomodulatory agent. The nanostuctures of the synthesized nanoparticles were confirmed by various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The UV-vis spectrum exhibits a distinct absorption peak at 483 nm for the bimetallic alloy nanoparticles. The microscopic analysis revealed the spherical shaped morphology of the biosynthesized nanoparticles with a particle size of 10-50 nm. The antibacterial potential of the green synthesized single metal (AgNPs and AuNPs) and bimetallic alloy nanoparticles was tested against five bacterial strains. The bimetallic alloy nanoparticles displayed the highest zone of inhibition against P. aeurgnosia and S.aureus strains when compared to single metal nanoparticles and plant extract. In addition, the inmmunomodulatory potential of the root extract of A. racemosus, AgNPs, AuNPs, and Ag-Au alloy NPs is achieved by measuring the cytokine levels in macrophages (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and NK cells (IFN-γ) of NK92 and THP1 cells using the solid phase sandwich ELISA technique. The results showed that the root extract of A. racemosus, AgNPs, and AuNPs can reduce the pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the macrophages cells, while Ag-Au alloy NPs can reduce cytokine responses in NK92 cells. Overall, this study shows that the microwave assisted biogenic synthesized bimetallic nanoalloy nanoparticles could be further explored for the development of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musarat Amina
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmacy College, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (N.M.A.M.); (G.A.A.-H.)
| | - Nawal M. Al Musayeib
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmacy College, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (N.M.A.M.); (G.A.A.-H.)
| | - Nawal A. Alarfaj
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Maha F. El-Tohamy
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Gadah A. Al-Hamoud
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmacy College, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (N.M.A.M.); (G.A.A.-H.)
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18
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Pathological effects of nano-sized particles on the respiratory system. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 29:102242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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Di Gioacchino M, Petrarca C, Gatta A, Scarano G, Farinelli A, Della Valle L, Lumaca A, Del Biondo P, Paganelli R, Di Giampaolo L. Nanoparticle-based immunotherapy: state of the art and future perspectives. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2020; 16:513-525. [PMID: 32343153 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2020.1762572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION For several years now, medicine has been benefiting from the contribution of nanoparticles (NPs) technology for both diagnosis and therapy. They can be used as adjuvants, being capable per se of immune-modulating activity, or as carriers for molecules to be transported to a specific target, eventually loaded with specific ligands favoring specific uptake. AREAS COVERED The review focuses on experimental use of NPs as adjuvants/carriers for allergen immunotherapy (AIT). Human clinical trials conducted so far are discussed. EXPERT OPINION Results of experimental studies and recent clinical trials support the use of NPs as carrier/adjuvant in AIT. Comparisons between NP-based and classical AIT are needed, to show the usefulness of the NP-based approach. However, there are still unsolved problems: the persistence of non-degradable NPs with possible toxicological consequences, and the formation of the protein corona around the NPs, which could alter their activity and fate. Virus-like particles seem the most promising NPs for allergy treatment, as for other vaccines. Over the next decade, NP-based AIT will be largely used to treat allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Di Gioacchino
- Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, G. d'Annunzio University , Chieti, Pescara, Italy.,Leonardo Da Vinci, University , Chieti, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, Specialization School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, G. d'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara , Italy
| | - Claudia Petrarca
- Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, G. d'Annunzio University , Chieti, Pescara, Italy
| | - Alessia Gatta
- Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, G. d'Annunzio University , Chieti, Pescara, Italy
| | - Gilda Scarano
- Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, G. d'Annunzio University , Chieti, Pescara, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, Specialization School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, G. d'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara , Italy
| | - Anila Farinelli
- Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, G. d'Annunzio University , Chieti, Pescara, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, Specialization School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, G. d'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara , Italy
| | - Loredana Della Valle
- Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, G. d'Annunzio University , Chieti, Pescara, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, Specialization School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, G. d'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara , Italy
| | - Arianna Lumaca
- Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, G. d'Annunzio University , Chieti, Pescara, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, Specialization School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, G. d'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara , Italy
| | - Pietro Del Biondo
- Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, G. d'Annunzio University , Chieti, Pescara, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, Specialization School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, G. d'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara , Italy
| | - Roberto Paganelli
- Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, G. d'Annunzio University , Chieti, Pescara, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, Specialization School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, G. d'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara , Italy
| | - Luca Di Giampaolo
- Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University , Chieti, Pescara, Italy
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20
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Dykman LA. Gold nanoparticles for preparation of antibodies and vaccines against infectious diseases. Expert Rev Vaccines 2020; 19:465-477. [PMID: 32306785 PMCID: PMC7196924 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2020.1758070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vaccination remains very effective in stimulating protective immune responses against infections. An important task in antibody and vaccine preparation is to choose an optimal carrier that will ensure a high immune response. Particularly promising in this regard are nanoscale particle carriers. An antigen that is adsorbed or encapsulated by nanoparticles can be used as an adjuvant to optimize the immune response during vaccination. a very popular antigen carrier used for immunization and vaccination is gold nanoparticles, with are being used to make new vaccines against viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes what is currently known about the use of gold nanoparticles as an antigen carrier and adjuvant to prepare antibodies in vivo and design vaccines against viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections. The basic principles, recent advances, and current problems in the use of gold nanoparticles are discussed. EXPERT OPINION Gold nanoparticles can be used as adjuvants to increase the effectiveness of vaccines by stimulating antigen-presenting cells and ensuring controlled antigen release. Studying the characteristics of the immune response obtained from the use of gold nanoparticles as a carrier and an adjuvant will permit the particles' potential for vaccine design to be increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lev A. Dykman
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov, Russia
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21
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Alsaleh NB, Brown JM. Engineered Nanomaterials and Type I Allergic Hypersensitivity Reactions. Front Immunol 2020; 11:222. [PMID: 32117324 PMCID: PMC7033602 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I allergic hypersensitivity disorders (atopy) including asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and food allergy are on the rise in developed and developing countries. Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) span a large spectrum of material compositions including carbonic, metals, polymers, lipid-based, proteins, and peptides and are being utilized in a wide range of industries including healthcare and pharmaceuticals, electronics, construction, and food industry, and yet, regulations for the use of ENMs in consumer products are largely lacking. Prior evidence has demonstrated the potential of ENMs to induce and/or aggravate type I allergic hypersensitivity responses. Furthermore, previous studies have shown that ENMs could directly interact with and activate key T-helper 2 (Th2) effector cell types (such as mast cells) and the complement system, which could result in pseudoallergic (non-IgE-mediated) hypersensitivity reactions. Nevertheless, the underlying molecular mechanisms of ENM-mediated induction and/or exacerbation of type I immune responses are poorly understood. In this review, we first highlight key examples of studies that have demonstrated inherent immunomodulatory properties of ENMs in the context of type I allergic hypersensitivity reactions, and most importantly, we attempt to put together the potential molecular mechanisms that could drive ENM-mediated stimulation and/or aggravation of type I allergic hypersensitivity responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser B Alsaleh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jared M Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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22
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Abstract
Infectious diseases are the tip of the iceberg in the economic burden of the developing countries, due to the resistance of the pathogens to antibiotics and the lack of vaccines. The vaccines have become a big challenge in the last decades, where the attention has been focused on scientific challenges such as new vaccine development and adjuvants or delivery systems. The classical vaccines were developed from live-attenuated or killed organisms, such as influenza, smallpox, and BCG, as well as subunits such as Hepatitis B. The attenuated vaccines carry the risk of regaining their pathogenicity under immunosuppression conditions. The development of subunit vaccines without risk are considered as an essential need in combination with adequate delivery systems to obtain desired cell and humoral immune responses against infectious diseases. In the last decades, the use of nanoparticles as a delivery system in vaccines has received special attention to improve vaccine efficacy. These nanoparticles could be composed of lipids, metal and nonmetal inorganics, several polymers, and virus-like particles, which have been tested in research; some of them have already been approved for human and animal use. The characteristics of the nanoparticles have allowed targeting desired antigen-presenting cells to improve immunization strategies to induce protection. The main characteristics of the nanoparticles are to protect the antigens from early proteolytic degradation, control antigen release, and help antigen uptake and processing by antigen-presenting cells, and they should be safe for human and veterinary use. In addition, the nanoparticles could be modified in their physicochemical properties to target specific cells and improve vaccine efficacy. This chapter focuses on the nanoparticle-based vaccine formulations and the approaches used to realize efficient delivery of vaccines in order to induce host protective immunity against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Diaz-Arévalo
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia-FIDIC, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Mingtao Zeng
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
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23
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Gorbet MJ, Ranjan A. Cancer immunotherapy with immunoadjuvants, nanoparticles, and checkpoint inhibitors: Recent progress and challenges in treatment and tracking response to immunotherapy. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 207:107456. [PMID: 31863820 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation are accepted as the preferred treatment modalities against cancer, but in recent years the use of immunotherapeutic approaches has gained prominence as the fourth treatment modality in cancer patients. In this approach, a patient's innate and adaptive immune systems are activated to achieve clearance of occult cancerous cells. In this review, we discuss the preclinical and clinical immunotherapeutic (e.g., immunoadjuvants (in-situ vaccines, oncolytic viruses, CXC antagonists, device activated agents), organic and inorganic nanoparticles, and checkpoint blockade) that are under investigation for cancer therapy and diagnostics. Additionally, the innovations in imaging of immune cells for tracking therapeutic responses and limitations (e.g., toxicity, inefficient immunomodulation, etc.) are described. Existing data suggest that if immune therapy is optimized, it can be a real and potentially paradigm-shifting cancer treatment frontier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael-Joseph Gorbet
- Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74074, USA
| | - Ashish Ranjan
- Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74074, USA.
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24
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Holan V, Javorkova E, Vrbova K, Vecera Z, Mikuska P, Coufalik P, Kulich P, Skoupy R, Machala M, Zajicova A, Rossner P. A murine model of the effects of inhaled CuO nanoparticles on cells of innate and adaptive immunity - a kinetic study of a continuous three-month exposure. Nanotoxicology 2019; 13:952-963. [PMID: 31012774 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2019.1602679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The inhalation or application of nanoparticles (NPs) has serious impacts on immunological reactivity. However, the effects of NPs on the immune system are influenced by numerous factors, which cause a high variability in the results. Here, mice were exposed to a three month continuous inhalation of copper oxide (CuO) NPs, and at different time intervals (3, 14, 42 and 93 days), the composition of cell populations of innate and adaptive immunity was evaluated in the spleen by flow cytometry. The ability of spleen cells from exposed and control mice to respond to stimulation with T- or B-cell mitogens by proliferation and by production of cytokines IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17 and IFN-γ was characterized. The results showed that the inhalation of CuO NPs predominantly affects the cells of innate immunity (changes in the proportion of eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages and antigen-presenting cells) with a minimal effect on the percentage of T and B lymphocytes. However, the proliferative and secretory activity of T cells was already significantly enhanced after 3 days from the start of inhalation, decreased on day 14 and normalized at the later time intervals. There was no correlation between the impacts of NPs on the cells of innate and adaptive immunity. The results have shown that the inhalation of CuO NPs significantly alters the composition of cell populations of innate immunity and modulates the proliferation and production of cytokines by cells of the adaptive immune system. However, the immunomodulatory effects of inhaled NPs strongly depend on the time of inhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Holan
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic.,Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Eliska Javorkova
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic.,Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Vrbova
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Vecera
- Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Analytic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Mikuska
- Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Analytic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Coufalik
- Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Analytic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kulich
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Radim Skoupy
- Department of Electron Microscopy, Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Machala
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Alena Zajicova
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Rossner
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic
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25
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The Toxic Effects and Mechanisms of Nano-Cu on the Spleen of Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061469. [PMID: 30909528 PMCID: PMC6471436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Research has shown that nano-copper (nano-Cu) can cause damage to the spleen and immune system yet their mechanisms of cytotoxicity are poorly understood. Our aim is to explore the potential immunotoxicity in the spleen of rats after nano-Cu exposure. The results of hematologic parameters, lymphocyte subsets, immunoglobulins, and histopathology indicated that copper obviously changed the immune function of the spleen. The levels of antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GSH-Px), oxidants (iNOS, NO, MDA), and anti-oxidative signalling pathway of Nrf2 (Nrf2 and HO-1) were strongly induced by nano-Cu. The expression of mRNA and protein of pro-/anti-inflammatory (IFN-γ, TNF-α, MIP-1α, MCP-1, MIF, IL-1/-2/-4/-6) cytokines were increased by nano-Cu. The expression of regulatory signal pathways, MAPKs and PI3-K/Akt were activated, which might be involved in the inflammatory responses and immunomodulatory processes of sub-acute nano-Cu exposure. The immune function of the spleen was repressed by nano-Cu induced oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Nanomaterial Exposure Induced Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: A New Target in Inflammation and Innate Immunity. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:3560180. [PMID: 30944832 PMCID: PMC6421747 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3560180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has become a novel subject with impact in many research and technology areas. Nanoparticles (NPs), as a key component in nanotechnology, are widely used in many areas such as optical, magnetic, electrical, and mechanical engineering. The biomedical and pharmaceutical industries have embraced NPs as a viable drug delivery modality. As such, the potential for NP-induced cytotoxicity has emerged as a major concern for NP drug delivery systems. Thus, it is important to understand how NPs affect the innate immune system. As the most abundant myeloid cell type in innate immune responses, neutrophils are critical for concerns about potentially toxic side effects of NPs. When activated by innate immune stimuli, neutrophils may initiate NETosis to release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Herein, we have reviewed the relationship between NPs and the induction of NETosis and release of NETs.
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Barillet S, Fattal E, Mura S, Tsapis N, Pallardy M, Hillaireau H, Kerdine-Römer S. Immunotoxicity of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles: influence of surface properties on dendritic cell activation. Nanotoxicology 2019; 13:606-622. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1564078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Barillet
- UMR-996 Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, INSERM, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - E. Fattal
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - S. Mura
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - N. Tsapis
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - M. Pallardy
- UMR-996 Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, INSERM, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - H. Hillaireau
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - S. Kerdine-Römer
- UMR-996 Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, INSERM, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Englinger B, Pirker C, Heffeter P, Terenzi A, Kowol CR, Keppler BK, Berger W. Metal Drugs and the Anticancer Immune Response. Chem Rev 2018; 119:1519-1624. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Englinger
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Pirker
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alessio Terenzi
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian R. Kowol
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard K. Keppler
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Berger
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Dhupal M, Oh JM, Tripathy DR, Kim SK, Koh SB, Park KS. Immunotoxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles via simultaneous induction of apoptosis and multiple toll-like receptors signaling through ROS-dependent SAPK/JNK and p38 MAPK activation. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:6735-6750. [PMID: 30425486 PMCID: PMC6204851 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s176087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) represent a scientific breakthrough in the areas of biological and medicinal applications. Interaction of TiO2 NPs with components of innate immune system remains elusive. AIM This study explored in vitro immunotoxicity of murine macrophage RAW 264.7 to TiO2 NPs (20 nm, negative charge) and its underlying molecular mechanism by way of immunoredox profiling. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, chemically synthesized BSA-functionalized TiO2 NPs (20 nm, negative charge) were characterized and immunotoxicity was investigated on RAW 264.7 cells. RESULTS We found that reactive oxygen species levels significantly increased with increasing nitric oxide production, whereas depleting endogenous antioxidant super oxide dismutase as well as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein levels. Furthermore, NPs exposure increased the expression of apoptotic factors such as BAX, BIM, and PUMA with disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) that lead to decrease in immunocytes. Molecular immune profiling revealed the activation of multiple toll-like receptors (TLRs) 4/9/12/13 simultaneously with the phosphorylation of p-p38MAPK and p-SAPK/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) compared to untreated control. CONCLUSION Collectively, this study shows that the molecular nature of TiO2 SA20(-) NP-induced immunotoxicity in RAW 264.7 macrophage is simultaneous induction of immunocyte apoptosis and multiple TLRs signaling through oxidative stress-dependent SAPK/JNK and p38 mitogen-associated protein kinase activation. This is the first study to address newer molecular mechanism of TiO2 SA20(-) NP-induced immunotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusmita Dhupal
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea,
| | - Jae-Min Oh
- Department of Chemistry and Medical Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Soo-Ki Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea,
| | - Sang Baek Koh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Sang Park
- Department of Physiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
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Gatto F, Bardi G. Metallic Nanoparticles: General Research Approaches to Immunological Characterization. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8100753. [PMID: 30248990 PMCID: PMC6215296 DOI: 10.3390/nano8100753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Our immunity is guaranteed by a complex system that includes specialized cells and active molecules working in a spatially and temporally coordinated manner. Interaction of nanomaterials with the immune system and their potential immunotoxicity are key aspects for an exhaustive biological characterization. Several assays can be used to unravel the immunological features of nanoparticles, each one giving information on specific pathways leading to immune activation or immune suppression. Size, shape, and surface chemistry determine the surrounding corona, mainly formed by soluble proteins, hence, the biological identity of nanoparticles released in cell culture conditions or in a living organism. Here, we review the main laboratory characterization steps and immunological approaches that can be used to understand and predict the responses of the immune system to frequently utilized metallic or metal-containing nanoparticles, in view of their potential uses in diagnostics and selected therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gatto
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Bardi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
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31
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Wolf-Grosse S, Mollnes TE, Ali S, Stenvik J, Nilsen AM. Iron oxide nanoparticles enhance Toll-like receptor-induced cytokines in a particle size- and actin-dependent manner in human blood. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:1773-1785. [PMID: 30084726 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To assess the effects of different-sized iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) on inflammatory responses in human whole blood. Materials & methods: Human whole blood with and without 10 and 30 nm IONPs was incubated with Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. Cytokine levels, complement activation, reactive oxygen species and viability were determined. Results: The 10 nm IONPs enhanced the TLR2/6, TLR4 and partly TLR8-mediated cytokine production, whereas the 30 nm IONPs partly enhanced TLR2/6 and decreased TLR8-mediated cytokine production. Particle-mediated enhancement of TLR4-induced cytokines could not be explained by complement activation, but was dependent on TLR4/MD2 and CD14, as well as actin polymerization. Conclusion: The IONPs differentially affected the TLR ligand-induced cytokines, which has important implications for biomedical applications of IONPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Wolf-Grosse
- Department of Clinical & Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science & Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tom E Mollnes
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Norwegian University of Science & Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, 8092 Bodø, Norway.,Faculty of Health Sciences, K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research & Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Syed Ali
- Division of Neurotoxicology, US FDA/National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 501, USA
| | - Jørgen Stenvik
- Department of Clinical & Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science & Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Norwegian University of Science & Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Asbjørn M Nilsen
- Department of Clinical & Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science & Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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32
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Sembratowicz I, Ognik K. Evaluation of immunotropic activity of gold nanocolloid in chickens. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 47:98-103. [PMID: 29544813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are one of the most examined nanomaterials, but information about their immunogenic potential is still insufficient. Understanding interaction of AuNPs with immune system is essential in designing their safety and possibilities of biomedical applications. An experiment was conducted to determine immunotropic activity of gold nanocolloid (AuNPs) administered orally to chickens depending on dose and duration time. 162 birds were assigned to 9 experimental groups of 18 birds each. The control group (C) did not receive AuNPs. Groups: T10.5, T11.0, T11.5, T12.0, received nano-gold in a rate of 0.5 mg/kg body weight/d, 1.0 mg/kg body weight/d, 1.5 mg/kg body weight/d and 2.0 mg/kg body weight/d in 8-14, 22-28 and 36-42 days of the life. The birds in groups T20.5, T21.0, T21.5, T22.0, received nano-gold in the same doses, but only in 8-10, 22-24 and 36-38 days of life. Phagocytic activity of leukocytes was determined in vitro using Staphylococcus aureus 209P strain, their respiratory burst activity was quantified by nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test. Serum lysozyme content was determined by the turbidimetric method. The Wintrobe method was used to determine the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Ceruloplasmin in the blood plasma was estimated by the p-phenylenediamine colorimetric method. The level of chicken immunoglobulins: IgA, IgM and IgY and interleukin IL-6 in the blood were determined using ELISA tests. The lowest dose of AuNPs, independently on duration time had no effect on immune parameters of chickens. In all other groups receiving nano-gold for a shorter period (T2), there was an increase in the respiratory burst activity of leukocytes and a drop in lysozyme activity in blood. The higher doses (1.5 and 2.0 mg/kg body weight/d) of the nano-gold administered for the longer time period had a pro-inflammatory effect, as indicated by an increase in the level of interleukin 6 and ceruloplasmin activity as well as the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. They also contributed to an elevation of class IgA and IgY contents in blood. The results of the study revealed that the influence of nano-gold on immune response of chickens were dependent both on dose and duration time. Long lasting administration of higher doses of AuNPs contributed to adverse effect in form of inflammation response. To avoid the development of inflammatory reaction, administered dose of nano-gold should not exceed 1.0 mg/kg body weight/d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Sembratowicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Ognik
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
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33
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Gracia R, Marradi M, Salerno G, Pérez-Nicado R, Pérez-San Vicente A, Dupin D, Rodriguez J, Loinaz I, Chiodo F, Nativi C. Biocompatible single-chain polymer nanoparticles loaded with an antigen mimetic as potential anticancer vaccine. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:196-200. [PMID: 35610892 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The "pancarcinoma" Tn antigen (αGalNAc-O-Ser/Thr) is a tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen (TACA) overexpressed on the surface of cancer cells and suitable target for anticancer vaccines. However, TACAs commonly show weak immunogenicity, low in vivo stability, and poor bioavailability. To address these issues, the development of physiologically stable TACA synthetic mimetics and novel nanocarriers for multivalent display are object of intense research. Nanomaterials represent suitable scaffolds to multimerize antigens, but absence of toxicity, easy functionalization and capability to incorporate biomolecules are compulsory characteristics for vaccine nanocarriers. Here, we report on the conjugation of a synthetic Tn-antigen mimetic to biocompatible and water-dispersible dextran-based single-chain nanoparticles (DXT-SCPNs). In vitro stimulation of PBMCs and analysis of interleukins production indicated a specific innate immune modulation mediated by the multivalent presentation of the Tn mimetic at the nanoparticle surface. These preliminary results pave the way for the development of Tn-mimetic clusters on biocompatible DXT-SCPN for TACA-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Gracia
- CIDETEC Nanomedicine, Parque Cientı́fico y Tecnológico de Guipúzcoa, P° Miramón, 196, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Marco Marradi
- CIDETEC Nanomedicine, Parque Cientı́fico y Tecnológico de Guipúzcoa, P° Miramón, 196, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Gianluca Salerno
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 13, I-50019 Sesto F.no (FI), Italy
| | | | - Adrián Pérez-San Vicente
- CIDETEC Nanomedicine, Parque Cientı́fico y Tecnológico de Guipúzcoa, P° Miramón, 196, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Damien Dupin
- CIDETEC Nanomedicine, Parque Cientı́fico y Tecnológico de Guipúzcoa, P° Miramón, 196, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Javier Rodriguez
- CIDETEC Nanomedicine, Parque Cientı́fico y Tecnológico de Guipúzcoa, P° Miramón, 196, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Iraida Loinaz
- CIDETEC Nanomedicine, Parque Cientı́fico y Tecnológico de Guipúzcoa, P° Miramón, 196, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Fabrizio Chiodo
- Department
of Bio-Organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333 CC, The Netherlands
- Department
of Parasiolgy, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Cristina Nativi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 13, I-50019 Sesto F.no (FI), Italy
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Galbiati V, Cornaghi L, Gianazza E, Potenza MA, Donetti E, Marinovich M, Corsini E. In vitro assessment of silver nanoparticles immunotoxicity. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 112:363-374. [PMID: 29331734 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize unwanted immune effects of nanoparticles (NP) using THP-1 cells, human whole blood and enriched peripheral blood monocytes. Commercially available silver NP (AgNP < 100 nm, also confirmed by Single Particle Extinction and Scattering) were used as prototypical NP. Cells were treated with AgNP alone or in combination with classical immune stimuli (i.e. LPS, PHA, PWM) and cytokine assessed; in addition, CD54 and CD86 expression was evaluated in THP-1 cells. AgNP alone induced dose-related IL-8 production in all models, with higher response observed in THP-1 cells, possibly connected to different protein corona formation in bovine versus human serum. AgNP potentiated LPS-induced IL-8 and TNF-α, but not LPS-induced IL-10. AgNP alone induced slight increase in IL-4, and no change in IFN-γ production. While responses to PHA in term of IL-4 and IFN-γ production were not affected, increased PWM-induced IL-4 and IFN-γ production were observed, suggesting potentiation of humoral response. Reduction in PHA-induced IL-10 was observed. Overall, results indicate immunostimulatory effects. THP-1 cells work as well as primary cells, representing a useful and practical alternative, with the awareness that from a physiological point of view the whole blood assay is the one that comes closest to reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Galbiati
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Cornaghi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gianazza
- Gruppo di Studio per la Proteomica e la Struttura delle Proteine, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco A Potenza
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Donetti
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Marinovich
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Corsini
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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35
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Liu Y, Hardie J, Zhang X, Rotello VM. Effects of engineered nanoparticles on the innate immune system. Semin Immunol 2017; 34:25-32. [PMID: 28985993 PMCID: PMC5705289 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanoparticles (NPs) have broad applications in industry and nanomedicine. When NPs enter the body, interactions with the immune system are unavoidable. The innate immune system, a non-specific first line of defense against potential threats to the host, immediately interacts with introduced NPs and generates complicated immune responses. Depending on their physicochemical properties, NPs can interact with cells and proteins to stimulate or suppress the innate immune response, and similarly activate or avoid the complement system. NPs size, shape, hydrophobicity and surface modification are the main factors that influence the interactions between NPs and the innate immune system. In this review, we will focus on recent reports about the relationship between the physicochemical properties of NPs and their innate immune response, and their applications in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanchang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Joseph Hardie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Xianzhi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Vincent M Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
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36
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Afroz S, Medhi H, Maity S, Minhas G, Battu S, Giddaluru J, Kumar K, Paik P, Khan N. Mesoporous ZnO nanocapsules for the induction of enhanced antigen-specific immunological responses. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:14641-14653. [PMID: 28936523 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr03697c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The application of nanotechnology in vaccinology has fuelled rapid advancement towards the design and development of nanovaccines. Nanoparticles have been found to enhance vaccine efficacy through the spatiotemporal orchestration of antigen delivery to secondary lymphoid organs and antigen-presentation by Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs) synchronized with stimulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Metal based nanoparticles (MNPs) have been extensively engineered for the generation of nanovaccines owing to their intrinsic adjuvant-like properties and immunomodulatory functions. Furthermore, mesoporous nanocapsules of late have attracted researchers due to their precise size and exclusive capacity to encapsulate a wide range of biomolecules and their sustained release at the targeted sites. Herein, we have designed a novel mesoporous ZnO nanocapsule (mZnO) having a size of ∼12 nm with an average pore diameter of 2.5 nm, using a surfactant-free sonochemical method and investigated its immunomodulatory properties by using Ova loaded mZnO nanocapsules [mZnO(Ova)] in a mice model. Our findings show that mZnO(Ova) administration steered the enhanced expansion of antigen-specific T-cells and induction of IFN-γ producing effector CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. Also, antigen-specific IgG levels were enriched in both the serum and lymph nodes of mZnO(Ova) immunized mice. Further, we noticed a substantial increase in serum IgG2a or IgG2b levels and IFN-γ secretion in Ova restimulated splenocytes from mZnO(Ova) immunized mice, indicating that mZnO(Ova) skew Th1 type immune response. Overall, the uniqueness of mZnO nanocapsules in terms of the defined particle to pore numbers ratio (maximum of three cavities per particle) allows loading antigens efficiently. Given these features in combination with its immunomodulatory characteristics reinforces the idea that mZnO could be used as an effective antigen-adjuvant platform for the development of novel nano-based vaccines against multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumbul Afroz
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad-500046, Telangana, India.
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37
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Sahu SC, Hayes AW. Toxicity of nanomaterials found in human environment. TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH AND APPLICATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/2397847317726352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The US National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) defines nanotechnology as “the understanding and control of matter at dimensions between approximately 1 and 100 nm, where unique phenomena enable novel applications.” Recent scientific reports available in the literature clearly demonstrate the potential benefits of nanotechnology in consumer and industrial products. More and more nanomaterials are expected to be used in consumer products. This is expected to lead to increased human exposure to nanomaterials in their daily lives. Therefore, the effect of nanomaterials present in human environment is an area of increasing scientific interest. The information presented in this review is obtained from the current literature. It indicates that nanomaterials found in human environment may have potential for toxicological effects. However, the current literature on toxicological effects of nanomaterials is diverse. The current data are presented from studies without harmonization. These studies have used different in vitro and in vivo test models, different sources of test nanomaterials, different methods for nanomaterial characterization, and different experimental conditions. Therefore, these data are hard to interpret. More research on nanomaterial characterization, biological interaction, toxicity, and health effects is needed. The test methods need to be validated. Positive and negative controls for nanotoxicity need to be identified. Toxicity data harmonization needs to be done. Therefore, general information is not currently available for risk evaluation of certain nanomaterials that might be present in consumer products or that may enter into the market in future. Standardized and validated methods are necessary for toxicity assessment of nanomaterials. Therefore, in the absence of standardized validated methods any specific regulatory testing requirements for nanomaterials are currently premature. We conclude that the benefits of nanomaterials found currently in human environment are many, but their overall adverse effects on human health are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saura C Sahu
- Division of Applied Regulatory Toxicology, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Kurjane N, Zvagule T, Reste J, Martinsone Z, Pavlovska I, Martinsone I, Vanadzins I. The effect of different workplace nanoparticles on the immune systems of employees. JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FORUM FOR NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017; 19:320. [PMID: 28979180 PMCID: PMC5597690 DOI: 10.1007/s11051-017-4004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Currently, nanoparticles are widely present in the environment and are being used in various industrial technologies. Nanoparticles affect immune functions, causing different immune responses. The aim of the current study was to evaluate several cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-6, IL-8, tumour necrosis factor-a (TNF-α), interferon-γ, adhesive molecule sICAM-1, macrophage inhibitory protein 1a (MIP1a) and secretory immunoglobulin A, in nasal lavage fluid and in the peripheral blood of healthy subjects exposed to workplace nanoparticles. Thirty-six employees from three different environments were examined: 12 from a metalworking company, 12 from a woodworking company and 12 office workers. The nanoparticles in the different workplaces were detected in the air in the immediate vicinity of the employees. The particle number concentration and surface area values were significantly higher in the workplaces of the metal- and woodworking industries, but concentrations of mass were lower (the measurements were performed by an electrical low-pressure impactor ELPI+). Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS, an attachment to a high-resolution SEM) was used to provide elemental analysis or chemical characterization of the dust particles in a low-vacuum field-free mode operating at a potential of 15 kV spot 3.0. The technique used provided quantitative and spatial analyses of the distribution of elements through mapping (two to three parallel measurements) and point analysis (four to five parallel measurements). Samples from the metal industry contained more ultramicroscopic and nanometric particles, e.g. toxic metals such as Zn, Mn and Cr, and fewer microscopic dust particles. The nasal lavage and peripheral blood were taken at the beginning and the end of the working week, when immune indices were measured. Our data showed a statistically significant increased level of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α in serum in both exposed groups compared with office workers as well as a higher level of TNF-α in workers from the woodworking company compared with the metalworking employees. We found an elevated level of IL-6 in the exposed groups as well as an elevated level of IL-8 in the nasal lavage in woodworking employees after work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalja Kurjane
- Institute for Occupational Safety and Environmental Health, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Street 16, Riga, LV-1083 Latvia
| | - Tija Zvagule
- Institute for Occupational Safety and Environmental Health, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Street 16, Riga, LV-1083 Latvia
| | - Jelena Reste
- Institute for Occupational Safety and Environmental Health, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Street 16, Riga, LV-1083 Latvia
| | - Zanna Martinsone
- Institute for Occupational Safety and Environmental Health, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Street 16, Riga, LV-1083 Latvia
| | - Ilona Pavlovska
- Faculty of Material Science and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Silicate Materials, Riga Technical University, Paula Valdena Street 3/7, Riga, LV-1048 Latvia
| | - Inese Martinsone
- Institute for Occupational Safety and Environmental Health, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Street 16, Riga, LV-1083 Latvia
| | - Ivars Vanadzins
- Institute for Occupational Safety and Environmental Health, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Street 16, Riga, LV-1083 Latvia
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Palombella S, Pirrone C, Rossi F, Armenia I, Cherubino M, Valdatta L, Raspanti M, Bernardini G, Gornati R. Effects of Metal Micro and Nano-Particles on hASCs: An In Vitro Model. NANOMATERIALS 2017; 7:nano7080212. [PMID: 28771169 PMCID: PMC5575694 DOI: 10.3390/nano7080212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
As the knowledge about the interferences of nanomaterials on human staminal cells are scarce and contradictory, we undertook a comparative multidisciplinary study based on the size effect of zero-valent iron, cobalt, and nickel microparticles (MPs) and nanoparticles (NPs) using human adipose stem cells (hASCs) as a model, and evaluating cytotoxicity, morphology, cellular uptake, and gene expression. Our results suggested that the medium did not influence the cell sensitivity but, surprisingly, the iron microparticles (FeMPs) resulted in being toxic. These data were supported by modifications in mRNA expression of some genes implicated in the inflammatory response. Microscopic analysis confirmed that NPs, mainly internalized by endocytosis, persist in the vesicles without any apparent cell damage. Conversely, MPs are not internalized, and the effects on hASCs have to be ascribed to the release of ions in the culture medium, or to the reduced oxygen and nutrient exchange efficiency due to the presence of MP agglomerating around the cells. Notwithstanding the results depicting a heterogeneous scene that does not allow drawing a general conclusion, this work reiterates the importance of comparative investigations on MPs, NPs, and corresponding ions, and the need to continue the thorough verification of NP and MP innocuousness to ensure unaffected stem cell physiology and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Palombella
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy.
| | - Cristina Pirrone
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy.
| | - Federica Rossi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Armenia
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy.
| | - Mario Cherubino
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy.
| | - Luigi Valdatta
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy.
| | - Mario Raspanti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Via Guicciardini 9, 21100 Varese, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Bernardini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy.
- The Protein Factory Research Center, Politecnico of Milano, ICRM-CNR Milano and University of Insubria, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy.
| | - Rosalba Gornati
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy.
- The Protein Factory Research Center, Politecnico of Milano, ICRM-CNR Milano and University of Insubria, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy.
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Müller L, Steiner SK, Rodriguez-Lorenzo L, Petri-Fink A, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Latzin P. Exposure to silver nanoparticles affects viability and function of natural killer cells, mostly via the release of ions. Cell Biol Toxicol 2017; 34:167-176. [PMID: 28721573 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-017-9403-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play a crucial role in linking innate and adaptive immune responses, especially during viral infections and tumor surveillance. They have two major effector functions: the killing of stressed/abnormal cells and the release of cytokines. Their activity is regulated via inhibitory and activating surface receptors. At the same time that the production and use of engineered nanoparticles is steadily increasing, the risk for exposure to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from consumer products or biomedical applications is growing. Given this, we assessed the effects of 20-nm big AgNPs on NK cells, which represent an important part of the immune system. Our study involved overnight exposure of human blood NK cells to different concentrations of AgNPs, and silver (Ag) ion controls, and analyzing them for viability, surface receptor expression, intracellular markers, cytokine release, and killing potential. Exposure to AgNPs, but not to Ag ion controls, reduced the viability and the cytotoxic potential after polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid stimulation of NK cells and increased the expression of the inhibitory receptor CD159a. Exposure to AgNPs and Ag ion controls reduced the expression of the activating receptors CD335 and of CD16 and increased the expression of the activating receptor CD314. Overall, exposure to AgNPs changes NK cells' function and phenotype and may present a risk for modulating human immune responses, which should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loretta Müller
- University Children's Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 33, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Selina K Steiner
- University Children's Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 33, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Alke Petri-Fink
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Philipp Latzin
- University Children's Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 33, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.,Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Mohammadi MR, Nojoomi A, Mozafari M, Dubnika A, Inayathullah M, Rajadas J. Nanomaterials engineering for drug delivery: a hybridization approach. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:3995-4018. [PMID: 32264132 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb03247h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The last twenty years have witnessed great advances in biology, medicine, and materials science, leading to the development of various nanoparticle (NP)-mediated drug delivery systems. Innovation in materials science has led the generation of biodegradable, biocompatible, stimuli-responsive, and targeted delivery systems. However, currently available nanotherapeutic technologies are not efficient, which has culminated in the failure of their clinical trials. Despite huge efforts devoted to drug delivery nanotherapeutics, only a small amount of the injected material could reach the desired target. One promising strategy to enhance the efficiency of NP drug delivery is to hybridize multiple materials, where each component could play a critical role in an efficient multipurpose delivery system. This review aims to comprehensively cover different techniques, materials, advantages, and drawbacks of various systems to develop hybrid nano-vesicles for drug delivery. Attention is finally given to the hybridization benefits in overcoming the biological barriers for drug delivery. It is believed that the advent of modern nano-formulations for multifunctional hybrid carriers paves the way for future advances to achieve more efficient drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rezaa Mohammadi
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1050 Arastradero Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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Nanoparticles for immune system targeting. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:1295-1301. [PMID: 28390214 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are found in numerous applications used to modulate the immune system. They serve as drug delivery carriers or vaccine adjuvants and are utilized as therapeutics against a variety of diseases. NPs can be engineered to target distinct cellular components representing multiple pathways of immunity. The combination of NPs with immune system-targeting moieties has paved the way for improved targeted immune therapies. Here we provide an update of recent progress in this field.
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Gold nanoparticles, radiations and the immune system: Current insights into the physical mechanisms and the biological interactions of this new alliance towards cancer therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 178:1-17. [PMID: 28322970 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Considering both cancer's serious impact on public health and the side effects of cancer treatments, strategies towards targeted cancer therapy have lately gained considerable interest. Employment of gold nanoparticles (GNPs), in combination with ionizing and non-ionizing radiations, has been shown to improve the effect of radiation treatment significantly. GNPs, as high-Z particles, possess the ability to absorb ionizing radiation and enhance the deposited dose within the targeted tumors. Furthermore, they can convert non-ionizing radiation into heat, due to plasmon resonance, leading to hyperthermic damage to cancer cells. These observations, also supported by experimental evidence both in vitro and in vivo systems, reveal the capacity of GNPs to act as radiosensitizers for different types of radiation. In addition, they can be chemically modified to selectively target tumors, which renders them suitable for future cancer treatment therapies. Herein, a current review of the latest data on the physical properties of GNPs and their effects on GNP circulation time, biodistribution and clearance, as well as their interactions with plasma proteins and the immune system, is presented. Emphasis is also given with an in depth discussion on the underlying physical and biological mechanisms of radiosensitization. Furthermore, simulation data are provided on the use of GNPs in photothermal therapy upon non-ionizing laser irradiation treatment. Finally, the results obtained from the application of GNPs at clinical trials and pre-clinical experiments in vivo are reported.
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Balzaretti R, Meder F, Monopoli MP, Boselli L, Armenia I, Pollegioni L, Bernardini G, Gornati R. Synthesis, characterization and programmable toxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles conjugated withd-amino acid oxidase. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25349k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
RgDAAO conjugated to γ-Fe2O3NPs generates a low toxic NP-DAAO system, which kills cancer cells through ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Balzaretti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences
- University of Insubria
- Varese
- Italy
| | - Fabian Meder
- Centre for Bionano Interactions
- University College Dublin
- Dublin
- Ireland
| | - Marco P. Monopoli
- Centre for Bionano Interactions
- University College Dublin
- Dublin
- Ireland
- Department of Pharmacy and Medical Chemistry
| | - Luca Boselli
- Centre for Bionano Interactions
- University College Dublin
- Dublin
- Ireland
| | - Ilaria Armenia
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences
- University of Insubria
- Varese
- Italy
| | - Loredano Pollegioni
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences
- University of Insubria
- Varese
- Italy
- The Protein Factory Research Center
| | - Giovanni Bernardini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences
- University of Insubria
- Varese
- Italy
- The Protein Factory Research Center
| | - Rosalba Gornati
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences
- University of Insubria
- Varese
- Italy
- The Protein Factory Research Center
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Engineered Nanomaterials and Occupational Allergy. CURRENT TOPICS IN ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-0351-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Gu C, Wu H, Ge G, Li X, Guo Z, Bian Z, Xu J, Lu H, Chen X, Yang D. In Vitro Effects of Hollow Gold Nanoshells on Human Aortic Endothelial Cells. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2016; 11:397. [PMID: 27624340 PMCID: PMC5021651 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1620-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles are emerging as promising biomedical tools due to their unique nanoscale characteristics. Our purpose was to synthesize a hollow-shaped gold nanoparticle and to investigate its effect on human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) in vitro. Hollow gold nanoshells with average 35-nm diameters and 10-nm shell thickness were obtained by galvanic replacement using quasi-spherical nanosilver as sacrifice-template. Our results showed that hollow gold nanoshells in the culture medium could be internalized into the cytoplasm of HAECs. No cytotoxicity effect of hollow gold nanoshells on HAECs was observed within the test concentrations (0-0.8 μg/mL) and test exposure period (0-72 h) by tetrazolium dye assay. Meanwhile, the release of cell injury biomarker, lactate dehydrogenase, was not significantly higher than that from control cells (without hollow gold nanoshells). The concentrations of vasodilators, nitric oxide, and prostacyclin I-2 were not changed, but the vasoconstrictor endothelin-1 was decreased by hollow gold nanoshells treatment in HAECs. HAECs exposed to hollow gold nanoshells resulted in suppressing expressions of genes involved in apoptosis and activating expressions of genes of adhesion molecules. Moreover, we demonstrated by in vitro endothelial tube formation that hollow gold nanoshells (0.8 μg/mL) could not inhibit angiogenesis by the HAECs. Altogether, these results indicate that the structure and major function of HAECs would not be disrupted by hollow gold nanoshell treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunrong Gu
- Research Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Hengfang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Gaoyuan Ge
- Research Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Xiongzhi Li
- Research Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Zhirui Guo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011 China
| | - Zhiping Bian
- Research Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Jindan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Hua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096 China
| | - Xiangjian Chen
- Research Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Di Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 China
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Overview on experimental models of interactions between nanoparticles and the immune system. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:1365-1378. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Oliveira DCDP, de Barros ALB, Belardi RM, de Goes AM, de Oliveira Souza BK, Soares DCF. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles as a potential vaccine adjuvant against Schistosoma mansoni. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Targeting the immune system with nanomaterials is an intensely active area of research. Specifically, the capability to induce immunosuppression is a promising complement for drug delivery and regenerative medicine therapies. Many novel strategies for immunosuppression rely on nanoparticles as delivery vehicles for small-molecule immunosuppressive compounds. As a consequence, efforts in understanding the mechanisms in which nanoparticles directly interact with the immune system have been overshadowed. The immunological activity of nanoparticles is dependent on the physiochemical properties of the nanoparticles and its subsequent cellular internalization. As the underlying factors for these reactions are elucidated, more nanoparticles may be engineered and evaluated for inducing immunosuppression and complementing immunosuppressive drugs. This review will briefly summarize the state-of-the-art and developments in understanding how nanoparticles induce immunosuppressive responses, compare the inherent properties of nanomaterials which induce these immunological reactions, and comment on the potential for using nanomaterials to modulate and control the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terrika A Ngobili
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Michael A Daniele
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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