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Vargas-Bermudez DS, Jaime J. The first report of porcine parvovirus 8 (PPV8) on the American continent is associated with pigs in Colombia with porcine respiratory disease. Arch Virol 2024; 169:179. [PMID: 39150476 PMCID: PMC11329616 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-06099-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Seven novel porcine parvoviruses (PPV2 to PPV8) have been discovered in the last two decades. The last one reported was PPV8 in China in 2022, which was proposed to be a member of the genus Protoparvovirus. Here, we report the first detection of PPV8 outside China - in two provinces from Colombia. Six out of 146 (4.1%) pigs showing porcine respiratory disease (PRD) tested positive for PPV8. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of two Colombian PPV8 isolates (GenBank database accession numbers PP335559 and PP335560) showed them to be members of the genus Protoparvovirus. Furthermore, PPV8 was detected in coinfections with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), which are associated with PRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana S Vargas-Bermudez
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Centro de Investigación en Infectología e Inmunología Veterinaria (CI3V), Carrera 30 # 45-03, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia
| | - Jairo Jaime
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Centro de Investigación en Infectología e Inmunología Veterinaria (CI3V), Carrera 30 # 45-03, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia.
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2
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Igriczi B, Dénes L, Schönhardt K, Balka G. First Report of Porcine Parvovirus 8 in Europe: Widespread Detection and Genetic Characterization on Commercial Pig Farms in Hungary and Slovakia. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1974. [PMID: 38998086 PMCID: PMC11240836 DOI: 10.3390/ani14131974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine parvovirus 8 (PPV8), a novel virus in the Parvoviridae family, was first identified in 2022 in lung samples of domestic pigs from China. Retrospective analyses showed that it had been circulating in China since 1998, but no other countries had reported its presence so far. A recent study conducted in South America did not detect any PPV8-positive samples in that region. Here, we report the detection of PPV8 in Hungarian and Slovakian pig farms and the estimated prevalence of the virus in Hungary. Altogether, 2230 serum, 233 oral fluid, and 115 processing fluid samples were systematically collected from 23 Hungarian and 2 Slovakian pig farms between 2020 and 2023. A real-time quantitative PCR method was developed to detect the viral genome. Our results revealed the presence of PPV8 on 65% of the Hungarian farms and both Slovakian farms included in our study, marking its first detection in Europe. Oral fluid samples showed the highest positivity rates, reaching up to 100% in some herds. The viral genome was successfully detected in serum and processing fluid samples too, but with significantly lower prevalence rates of 4% and 5%, respectively. Genetic analysis of 11 partial VP2 sequences demonstrated high similarity to the original Chinese strain but with unique amino acid mutations, suggesting possible local evolution of the virus. Our study presents the first scientific evidence of PPV8 infection outside of China and offers a comprehensive assessment of its prevalence in the Hungarian pig population. Further research is required to understand its potential impact on swine health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Igriczi
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István Str. 2., 1078 Budapest, Hungary; (B.I.); (L.D.); (K.S.)
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, István Str. 2., 1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lilla Dénes
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István Str. 2., 1078 Budapest, Hungary; (B.I.); (L.D.); (K.S.)
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, István Str. 2., 1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kitti Schönhardt
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István Str. 2., 1078 Budapest, Hungary; (B.I.); (L.D.); (K.S.)
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, István Str. 2., 1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyula Balka
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István Str. 2., 1078 Budapest, Hungary; (B.I.); (L.D.); (K.S.)
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, István Str. 2., 1078 Budapest, Hungary
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Dei Giudici S, Mura L, Bonelli P, Ferretti L, Hawko S, Franzoni G, Angioi PP, Ladu A, Puggioni G, Antuofermo E, Sanna ML, Burrai GP, Oggiano A. First Molecular Characterisation of Porcine Parvovirus 7 (PPV7) in Italy. Viruses 2024; 16:932. [PMID: 38932224 PMCID: PMC11209580 DOI: 10.3390/v16060932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine parvoviruses (PPVs) are among the most important agents of reproductive failure in swine worldwide. PPVs comprise eight genetically different species ascribed to four genera: Protoparvovirus (PPV1, PPV8), Tetraparvovirus (PPV2-3), Copiparvovirus (PPV4-6), and Chaphamaparvovirus (PPV7). In 2016, PPV7 was firstly detected in the USA and afterwards in Europe, Asia, and South America. Recently, it was also identified in Italy in pig farms with reproductive failure. This study aimed to evaluate the circulation of PPV7 in domestic and wild pigs in Sardinia, Italy. In addition, its coinfection with Porcine Circovirus 2 (PCV2) and 3 (PCV3) was analysed, and PPV7 Italian strains were molecularly characterised. PPV7 was detected in domestic pigs and, for the first time, wild pigs in Italy. The PPV7 viral genome was detected in 20.59% of domestic and wild pig samples. PPV7 detection was significantly lower in domestic pigs, with higher PCV2/PCV3 co-infection rates observed in PPV7-positive than in PPV7-negative domestic pigs. Molecular characterisation of the NS1 gene showed a very high frequency of recombination that could presumably promote virus spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Dei Giudici
- Department of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy (A.O.)
| | - Lorena Mura
- Department of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy (A.O.)
| | - Piero Bonelli
- Department of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy (A.O.)
| | - Luca Ferretti
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Big Data Institute and Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 4BH, UK
| | - Salwa Hawko
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giulia Franzoni
- Department of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy (A.O.)
| | - Pier Paolo Angioi
- Department of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy (A.O.)
| | - Anna Ladu
- Department of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy (A.O.)
| | - Graziella Puggioni
- Department of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy (A.O.)
| | | | - Maria Luisa Sanna
- Department of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy (A.O.)
| | | | - Annalisa Oggiano
- Department of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy (A.O.)
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Vargas-Bermudez DS, Diaz A, Polo G, Mogollon JD, Jaime J. Infection and Coinfection of Porcine-Selected Viruses (PPV1 to PPV8, PCV2 to PCV4, and PRRSV) in Gilts and Their Associations with Reproductive Performance. Vet Sci 2024; 11:185. [PMID: 38787157 PMCID: PMC11125912 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11050185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Seven novel porcine parvoviruses (nPPVs) (PPV2 through PPV8) have been described, although their pathogenicity and possible effects on porcine reproductive failure (PRF) are undefined. In this study, these nPPVs were assessed in gilts from Colombia; their coinfections with PPV1, PCV2, PCV3, PCV4, and PRRSV and an association between the nPPVs and the reproductive performance parameters (RPPs) in sows were determined. For this, 234 serum samples were collected from healthy gilts from 40 herds in five Colombian regions, and the viruses were detected via real-time PCR. The results confirmed the circulation of PPV2 through PPV7 in Colombia, with PPV3 (40%), PPV5 (20%), and PPV6 (17%) being the most frequent. Additionally, no PCV4 or PPV8 was detected. PPV2 to PPV7 were detected in concurrence with each other and with the primary PRF viruses, and these coinfections varied from double to sextuple coinfections. Additionally, the association between nPPVs and PRF primary viruses was statistically significant for the presence of PPV6 in PCV3-positive (p < 0.01) and PPV5 in PPRSV-positive (p < 0.05) gilts; conversely, there was a significant presence of PPV3 in both PCV2-negative (p < 0.01) and PRRSV-negative (p < 0.05) gilts. Regarding the RPPs, the crude association between virus detection (positive or negative) and a high or low RPP was only statistically significant for PCV3 and the farrowing rate (FR), indicating that the crude odds of a low FR were 94% lower in herds with PCV3-positive gilts. This finding means that the detection of PCV3 in gilts (PCV3-positive by PCR) is associated with a higher FR in the farm or that these farms (with positive gilts) have lower odds (OR 0.06, p-value 0.0043) of a low FR. Additionally, a low FR tended to be associated with the detection of PPV4 and PPV5 (p-value < 0.20). This study is important for establishing the possible participation of nPPVs in PRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana S. Vargas-Bermudez
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Departamento de Salud Animal, Centro de Investigación en Infectología e Inmunología Veterinaria—CI3V.Cra. 30 # 45-03, Bogotá 11001, Colombia; (D.S.V.-B.); (J.D.M.)
| | - Andres Diaz
- Pig Improvement Company, Hendersonville, TN 37075, USA;
| | - Gina Polo
- Instituto de Salud Pública, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota 110231, Colombia;
| | - Jose Dario Mogollon
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Departamento de Salud Animal, Centro de Investigación en Infectología e Inmunología Veterinaria—CI3V.Cra. 30 # 45-03, Bogotá 11001, Colombia; (D.S.V.-B.); (J.D.M.)
| | - Jairo Jaime
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Departamento de Salud Animal, Centro de Investigación en Infectología e Inmunología Veterinaria—CI3V.Cra. 30 # 45-03, Bogotá 11001, Colombia; (D.S.V.-B.); (J.D.M.)
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Komina A, Anoyatbekova A, Krasnikov N, Yuzhakov A. Identification and in vitro characterization of a novel porcine parvovirus 6 in Russia. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:417-425. [PMID: 37773486 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10226-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Porcine parvovirus 6 (PPV6) was first identified in aborted swine fetuses in China in 2014. Since its identification, an increased number of PPV6 cases have been reported in many countries with developed pig breeding. In this study, the first identification of porcine parvovirus 6 in Russia, its phylogenetic analysis, and its characterization in vitro are reported. During the investigation, 521 serum samples collected from pigs of different ages from seven regions of the Russian Federation were tested. In four regions, the DNA of the virus was detected. The overall prevalence of porcine parvovirus 6 in Russia was 9.4%. Fattening pigs were the group with the most frequent detection of the virus genome. Phylogenetic analysis of the Russian isolate detected in a domestic boar indicated high homology with strains from Spain. In vitro studies revealed that the most promising cell cultures for PPV6 isolation are SPEV and SK. Our results demonstrated that PPV6 induced typical apoptotic features in cells, including DNA fragmentation, chromatin margination, nuclear condensation, pyknosis of nuclei, symplast formation, and various pathological mitoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Komina
- Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Center VIEV", Moscow, 109428, Russia.
| | - Afshona Anoyatbekova
- Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Center VIEV", Moscow, 109428, Russia
| | - Nikita Krasnikov
- Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Center VIEV", Moscow, 109428, Russia
| | - Anton Yuzhakov
- Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Center VIEV", Moscow, 109428, Russia
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Faustini G, Tucciarone CM, Franzo G, Donneschi A, Boniotti MB, Alborali GL, Drigo M. Molecular Survey on Porcine Parvoviruses (PPV1-7) and Their Association with Major Pathogens in Reproductive Failure Outbreaks in Northern Italy. Viruses 2024; 16:157. [PMID: 38275967 PMCID: PMC10818816 DOI: 10.3390/v16010157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Successful reproductive performance is key to farm competitiveness in the global marketplace. Porcine parvovirus 1 (PPV1) has been identified as a major cause of reproductive failure, and since 2001 new species of porcine parvoviruses, namely PPV2-7, have been identified, although their role is not yet fully understood yet. The present study aimed to investigate PPVs' presence in reproductive failure outbreaks occurring in 124 farms of northern Italy. Fetuses were collected from 338 sows between 2019 and 2021 and tested for PPVs by real-time PCR-based assays and for other viruses responsible for reproductive disease. At least one PPV species was detected in 59.7% (74/124) of the tested farms. In order, PPV1, PPV5, PPV6, PPV7 and PPV4 were the most frequently detected species, whereas fewer detections were registered for PPV2 and PPV3. Overall, the new PPV2-7 species were detected in 26.6% (90/338) of the cases, both alone or in co-infections: PCV-2 (7.1%, 24/338), PCV-3 (8.2%, 28/338), and PRRSV-1 (6.2%, 21/338) were frequently identified in association with PPVs. Single PPVs detections or co-infections with other agents commonly responsible for reproductive failure should encourage future studies investigating their biological, clinical, and epidemiological role, for a better preparedness for potential emerging challenges in intensive pig production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Faustini
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (G.F.); (G.F.); (M.D.)
| | - Claudia Maria Tucciarone
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (G.F.); (G.F.); (M.D.)
| | - Giovanni Franzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (G.F.); (G.F.); (M.D.)
| | - Anna Donneschi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER) “B. Ubertini”, Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (A.D.); (M.B.B.); (G.L.A.)
| | - Maria Beatrice Boniotti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER) “B. Ubertini”, Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (A.D.); (M.B.B.); (G.L.A.)
| | - Giovanni Loris Alborali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER) “B. Ubertini”, Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (A.D.); (M.B.B.); (G.L.A.)
| | - Michele Drigo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (G.F.); (G.F.); (M.D.)
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Vargas-Bermudez DS, Mogollon JD, Franco-Rodriguez C, Jaime J. The Novel Porcine Parvoviruses: Current State of Knowledge and Their Possible Implications in Clinical Syndromes in Pigs. Viruses 2023; 15:2398. [PMID: 38140639 PMCID: PMC10747800 DOI: 10.3390/v15122398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Parvoviruses (PVs) affect various animal species causing different diseases. To date, eight different porcine parvoviruses (PPV1 through PPV8) are recognized in the swine population, all of which are distributed among subfamilies and genera of the Parvoviridae family. PPV1 is the oldest and is recognized as the primary agent of SMEDI, while the rest of the PPVs (PPV2 through PPV8) are called novel PPVs (nPPVs). The pathogenesis of nPPVs is still undefined, and whether these viruses are putative disease agents is unknown. Structurally, the PPVs are very similar; the differences occur mainly at the level of their genomes (ssDNA), where there is variation in the number and location of the coding genes. Additionally, it is considered that the genome of PVs has mutation rates similar to those of ssRNA viruses, that is, in the order of 10-5-10-4 nucleotide/substitution/year. These mutations manifest mainly in the VP protein, constituting the viral capsid, affecting virulence, tropism, and viral antigenicity. For nPPVs, mutation rates have already been established that are similar to those already described; however, within this group of viruses, the highest mutation rate has been reported for PPV7. In addition to the mutations, recombinations are also reported, mainly in PPV2, PPV3, and PPV7; these have been found between strains of domestic pigs and wild boars and in a more significant proportion in VP sequences. Regarding affinity for cell types, nPPVs have been detected with variable prevalence in different types of organs and tissues; this has led to the suggestion that they have a broad tropism, although proportionally more have been found in lung and lymphoid tissue such as spleen, tonsils, and lymph nodes. Regarding their epidemiology, nPPVs are present on all continents (except PPV8, only in Asia), and within pig farms, the highest prevalences detecting viral genomes have been seen in the fattener and finishing groups. The relationship between nPPVs and clinical manifestations has been complicated to establish. However, there is already some evidence that establishes associations. One of them is PPV2 with porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC), where causality tests (PCR, ISH, and histopathology) lead to proposing the PPV2 virus as a possible agent involved in this syndrome. With the other nPPVs, there is still no clear association with any pathology. These have been detected in different systems (respiratory, reproductive, gastrointestinal, urinary, and nervous), and there is still insufficient evidence to classify them as disease-causing agents. In this regard, nPPVs (except PPV8) have been found to cause porcine reproductive failure (PRF), with the most prevalent being PPV4, PPV6, and PPV7. In the case of PRDC, nPPVs have also been detected, with PPV2 having the highest viral loads in the lungs of affected pigs. Regarding coinfections, nPPVs have been detected in concurrence in healthy and sick pigs, with primary PRDC and PRF viruses such as PCV2, PCV3, and PRRSV. The effect of these coinfections is not apparent; it is unknown whether they favor the replication of the primary agents, the severity of the clinical manifestations, or have no effect. The most significant limitation in the study of nPPVs is that their isolation has been impossible; therefore, there are no studies on their pathogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. For all of the above, it is necessary to propose basic and applied research on nPPVs to establish if they are putative disease agents, establish their effect on coinfections, and measure their impact on swine production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jairo Jaime
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Departamento de Salud Animal, Centro de Investigación en Infectología e Inmunología Veterinaria (CI3V), Carrera 30 No. 45-03, Bogotá 111321, CP, Colombia; (D.S.V.-B.); (J.D.M.); (C.F.-R.)
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Lyu Z, Zhang X, Xue S, Yang X, Liu J, Fan K, Dai A. Detection and genetic evolution analysis of porcine parvovirus type 7 (PPV7) in Fujian Province. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 115:105515. [PMID: 37866684 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is an important pathogen causing reproductive disorders in sows, with clinical symptoms including stillbirth, mummified fetuses, embryonic dysplasia and death, and sow infertility. Porcine parvovirus 7 (PPV7) is a recently discovered type of PPV and its widespread distribution and rapid evolution has caused huge economic losses in the pig industry. To investigate the molecular epidemiology of PPV7 in Fujian Province, China, we collected 491 blood samples and 72 tissue samples from diseased pigs in large-scale pig farms across selected areas of Fujian Province from 2019 to 2022. PPV7 infection was determined using real-time quantitative PCR, and positive samples underwent whole-genome amplification, sequencing, and subsequent homology, phylogenetic, and recombination analyses. The PPV7 positive detection rate was 25.73% (145/563) in Fujian Province, among which the positive rate of blood and tissue samples was 26.47% (130/491) and 20.83% (15/72), respectively. The nucleotide sequence homology among the 29 PPV7 whole-genome sequences obtained in this study was 90.0%-97.2%, whereas that with 128 reference strains from China and other countries was 88.9%-98.1%. Six strains had partial nucleotide deletions or insertions. Phylogenetic analysis based on the whole-genome sequences classified the 29 PPV7 strains and 128 reference strains into eight subtypes (PPV7a-PPV7h), and PPV7h was the predominant subtype in Fujian Province. Recombination analysis revealed evidence of inferred recombination events in the genomes of four strains. This study provides significant insights into the molecular characteristics of PPV7 in Fujian Province and serves as a crucial foundation for further advancements in PPV7 prevention and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Lyu
- College of Life Sciences of Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China; College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xinjie Zhang
- College of Life Sciences of Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China; College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shaohua Xue
- College of Life Sciences of Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China; College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- College of Life Sciences of Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China; Fujian Engineering Research Center for Swine Disease Control and Prevention, Longyan, Fujian 364012, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan, Fujian 364012, China
| | - Jiankui Liu
- College of Life Sciences of Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China; Fujian Engineering Research Center for Swine Disease Control and Prevention, Longyan, Fujian 364012, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan, Fujian 364012, China
| | - Kewei Fan
- College of Life Sciences of Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China; Fujian Engineering Research Center for Swine Disease Control and Prevention, Longyan, Fujian 364012, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan, Fujian 364012, China
| | - Ailing Dai
- College of Life Sciences of Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China; Fujian Engineering Research Center for Swine Disease Control and Prevention, Longyan, Fujian 364012, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan, Fujian 364012, China.
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Yan F, Xu S, Chang Z, Nazar M, Chamba Y, Shang P. Seroprevalence and Risk Factors Investigations of Parvovirus Disease in Tibetan Pigs: First Report from Tibet. Vet Sci 2022; 9:576. [PMID: 36288189 PMCID: PMC9610086 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9100576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine parvovirus (PPV) disease is a worldwide spread animal disease with high infection rate and serious impact on meat economy causing significant losses in livestock production. The purpose of this paper is to investigate and analyze the regional seroprevalence of PPV in Tibetan pigs in Tibet and evaluate risk factors related to the disease. A total of 356 serum samples of Tibetan pigs were collected from four counties and districts in Tibet, and anti-PPV antibodies were detected by using a commercial competitive ELISA. Our results show a seroprevalence of 91.01% (324 serum samples were found to be positive for anti-PPV antibodies). The positive rate among different district was 100%, 96.55%, 93.68% and 72.83%, respectively in the Mainling County, in Bayi district, Nang County and Bomê County. We found significant differences between different age and gender groups; particularly female animals show a seroprevalence of 96.03% while the males only 83.46%. From the perspective of the growth stage, our results indicate that subadults show a seroprevalence significative higher than other age groups (100%). This study describes for the first time the PPV seroprevalence among Tibetan pigs characterizing risk factors involved in its transmission and providing information to be taken into account for eventual surveillance or eradication plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Yan
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi 860000, China
- The Provincial and Ministerial Co-founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R & D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Linzhi 860000, China
| | - Shijun Xu
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi 860000, China
| | - Zhenyu Chang
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi 860000, China
| | - Mudassar Nazar
- University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Burewala 61010, Pakistan
| | - Yangzom Chamba
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi 860000, China
| | - Peng Shang
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi 860000, China
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10
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Guo Y, Yan G, Chen S, Han H, Li J, Zhang H, Luo S, Liu M, Wu Q, Li Q, Tu C, Huang L, Gong W. Identification and genomic characterization of a novel porcine parvovirus in China. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1009103. [PMID: 36204286 PMCID: PMC9530791 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1009103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine parvoviruses (PPVs) are a group of small non-enveloped viruses with seven species (porcine parvovirus 1–7, PPV1-7) have been identified. In this study, a novel porcine parvovirus, provisionally named porcine parvovirus 8 (PPV8), was initially identified via high-throughput sequencing (HTS) in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-positive samples collected from swine herds in Guangdong province, 2021. The nearly full-length genome of PPV8 strain GDJM2021 is 4,380 nucleotides in length with two overlapping open ORFs encoding NS1 and VP1 respectively. Sequence analysis indicated that PPV8 shared 16.23–44.18% sequence identity at the genomic levels to PPV1-7 with the relatively highest homology to PPV1. PPV8-GDJM2021 shared 31.86–32.68% aa sequence identity of NS1 protein with those of PPV1 and porcine bufavirus (PBuV), and formed an independent branch neighboring to those formed by members of the genus Protoparvovirus. Of the 211 clinical samples collected from 1990 to 2021, 37 samples (17.5%) distributed over 12 regions in China were positive for PPV8 with time spanning 24 years (1998–2021). To our knowledge, this is the first report on the genomic characterization of the novel PPV8 and its epidemiological situations in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Guo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Guangzhi Yan
- Guangdong Findergene Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Foshan, China
| | - Shengnan Chen
- Guangdong Findergene Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Foshan, China
| | - Hui Han
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Jiaming Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Haoquan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Shicheng Luo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Mingjie Liu
- Guangdong Findergene Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Foshan, China
| | - Qingqing Wu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qingxian Li
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Changchun Tu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liangzong Huang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- *Correspondence: Liangzong Huang
| | - Wenjie Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Wenjie Gong
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11
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Gao Y, Wang H, Wang S, Sun M, Fang Z, Liu X, Cai X, Tu Y. Self-Assembly of Porcine Parvovirus Virus-like Particles and Their Application in Serological Assay. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081828. [PMID: 36016450 PMCID: PMC9413485 DOI: 10.3390/v14081828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is widely prevalent in pig farms. PPV is closely related to porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) and porcine circovirus disease (PCVD), which seriously threatens the healthy development of the pig industry. Although commercial antibody detection kits are available, they are expensive and unsuitable for large-scale clinical practice. Here, a soluble VP2 protein of PPV is efficiently expressed in the E. coli expression system. The VP2 protein can be self-assembled into virus-like particles (VLPs) in vitro. After multiple steps of chromatography purification, PPV-VLPs with a purity of about 95% were obtained. An indirect, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA), comparable to a commercial PPV kit, was developed based on the purified PPV-VLPs and was used to detect 487 clinical pig serum samples. The results showed that the I-ELISA is a simple, cost-effective, and efficient method for the diagnosis of clinical pig serum and plasma samples. In summary, high-purity, tag-free PPV-VLPs were prepared, and the established VLP-based I-ELISA is of great significance for the sero-monitoring of antibodies against PPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Haiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Shanghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Mingxia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Zheng Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Xinran Liu
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York, NY 10591, USA
| | - Xuehui Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (Y.T.); Tel.: +86-451-51051768 (Y.T.); Fax: +86-451-51997166 (X.C. & Y.T.)
| | - Yabin Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (Y.T.); Tel.: +86-451-51051768 (Y.T.); Fax: +86-451-51997166 (X.C. & Y.T.)
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12
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Zhang X, Zheng C, Lv Z, Xue S, Chen Y, Liu Y, Huang X, Luo G, Yang X, Dai A. Genetic and epidemic characteristics of porcine parvovirus 7 in the Fujian and Guangdong regions of southern China. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:949764. [PMID: 36061123 PMCID: PMC9428481 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.949764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is the primary cause of reproductive disorders in pigs. The porcine parvovirus 7 (PPV7) subtype was first identified in the United States in 2016. In this study, PPV7 was detected in different porcine samples, including serum, feces, saliva, and milk, from 69 pig farms in the Fujian and Guangdong regions of South China, and its coinfection with porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3), and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) was determined. Whole-genome sequencing, phylogenetic analysis, and recombination analysis were performed on seven isolates, with each selected isolate originating from a different farm. There was a high rate of PPV7 positivity in blood, stool, and saliva but PPV7 DNA was absent from breast milk. The findings also showed that PPV7-positive samples had a high rate of coinfection with PCV2, PCV3, and PRRSV. Real-time PCR was used to determine the viral copy numbers of PCV2, PCV3, PRRSV, and PPV7 in serum samples and to assess whether PPV7 affected PCV2, PCV3, and PRRSV viral loads. Phylogenetic analysis showed that PPV7e and PPV7f were the most prevalent and widespread subtypes in the Fujian and Guangdong regions, respectively. While the PPV7a, PPV7b, PPV7c, and PPV7f subtypes were most prevalent in Fujian Province, PPV7a-e subtypes were prevalent in Guangdong, indicating that PPV7 has rich genetic diversity in these regions. A putative recombinant strain, 21FJ09, was identified using SimPlot and the Recombination Detection Program 4 software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China
| | - Canyang Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China
| | - Zixin Lv
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China
| | - Shaohua Xue
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China
| | - Yuxuan Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China
| | - Yanru Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China
| | - Xirong Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China
| | - Guoqing Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China
- Fujian Engineering Research Center for Swine Disease Control and Prevention, Longyan, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyan Yang
| | - Ailing Dai
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China
- Fujian Engineering Research Center for Swine Disease Control and Prevention, Longyan, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan, China
- Ailing Dai
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13
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Wen S, Song Y, Lv X, Meng X, Liu K, Yang J, Diao F, He J, Huo X, Chen Z, Zhai J. Detection and Molecular Characterization of Porcine Parvovirus 7 in Eastern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:930123. [PMID: 35873677 PMCID: PMC9298536 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.930123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine parvoviruses (PPV) and porcine circoviruses type 2 (PCV2) are widespread in the pig population. Recently, it was suggested that PPV7 may stimulate PCV2 and PCV3 replication. The present study aimed to make detection and molecular characterization of PPV7 for the first time in eastern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. Twenty-seven of ninety-four samples (28.72%) and five in eight pig farms were PPV7 positive. Further detection showed that the co-infection rate of PPV7 and PCV2 was 20.21% (19/94), and 9.59% (9/94) for PPV7 and PCV3. In addition, the positive rate of PPV7 in PCV2 positive samples was higher than that in PCV2 negative samples, supporting that PCV2 could act as a co-factor for PPV7 infection. In total, four PPV7 strains were sequenced and designated as NM-14, NM-19, NM-4, and NM-40. The amplified genome sequence of NM-14 and NM-40 were 3,999nt in length, while NM-19 and NM-4 were 3,996nt with a three nucleotides deletion at 3,097–3,099, resulting in an amino acid deletion in the Cap protein. Phylogenetic analysis based on the capsid amino acid (aa) sequences showed that 52 PPV7 strains were divided into two clades, and the four PPV7 strains in this study were all clustered in clade 1. The genome and capsid amino acid sequence of the four PPV7 strains identified in this study shared 80.0–96.9% and 85.9–100% similarity with that of 48 PPV7 reference strains selected in NCBI. Simplot analysis revealed that NM-19 and NM-4 strains were probably produced by recombination of two PPV7 strains from China. The amino acid sequence alignment analysis of capsid revealed that the four PPV7 strains detected in Inner Mongolia had multiple amino acid mutations in the 6 B cell linear epitopes compared with the reference strains, suggesting that the four PPV7 strains may have different characteristics in receptor binding and immunogenicity. In summary, this paper reported the PPV7 infection and molecular characterization in the eastern of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region for the first time, which is helpful to understand the molecular epidemic characteristics of PPV7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubo Wen
- Preventive Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China.,Brucellosis Prevention and Treatment Technology Research Center, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonose Prevention and Control at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, China
| | - Yang Song
- Preventive Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China.,Brucellosis Prevention and Treatment Technology Research Center, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonose Prevention and Control at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, China
| | - Xiangyu Lv
- Preventive Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Xiaogang Meng
- Preventive Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Preventive Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Jingfeng Yang
- Preventive Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Fengying Diao
- Preventive Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Jinfei He
- Preventive Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Xiaowei Huo
- Preventive Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Zeliang Chen
- Preventive Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China.,Brucellosis Prevention and Treatment Technology Research Center, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonose Prevention and Control at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, China
| | - Jingbo Zhai
- Preventive Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China.,Brucellosis Prevention and Treatment Technology Research Center, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonose Prevention and Control at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, China
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14
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Kim SC, Kim JH, Kim JY, Park GS, Jeong CG, Kim WI. Prevalence of porcine parvovirus 1 through 7 (PPV1-PPV7) and co-factor association with PCV2 and PRRSV in Korea. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:133. [PMID: 35395853 PMCID: PMC8994367 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03236-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Classical porcine parvovirus (PPV1) and novel porcine parvoviruses designated porcine parvovirus 2 through 7 (PPV2-PPV7) are widespread in pig populations. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence rates of PPV1-PPV7 in Korea by detecting PPVs in serum, lung and fecal samples and to elucidate the association of PPVs with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory virus (PRRSV), major pathogens involved in porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC). A total of 286 serum, 481 lung, and 281 fecal samples collected from 2018 to 2020 were analyzed. Results The results showed that PPVs are widespread in Korea; the highest detection rates were found in lung samples and ranged from 7.9% (PPV1) to 32.6% (PPV2). Regarding age groups, fattening pigs had the highest detection rates of PPVs, ranging from 6.4% (PPV1) to 36.5% (PPV6); this finding suggests the chronic nature of PPV infections and the continual circulation of these viruses. When compared with PCV2- and PRRSV-negative lung samples, PCV2-positive samples with or without PRRSV positivity had significantly higher detection levels of PPV1 and PPV6. In contrast, the prevalence of PPV2 and PPV7 was significantly higher in PRRSV-infected lung samples regardless of PCV2 detection. PPV5 was detected significantly more frequently in samples with both PCV2 and PRRSV positivity. Conclusions This study could offer a better understanding of the role of PPVs in PCV2 and/or PRRSV infection though further studies are needed to experimentally assess the impact of PPVs in coinfections. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03236-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Chai Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, 54596, Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, 54596, Korea
| | - Jae-Yeob Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, 54596, Korea
| | - Gyeong-Seo Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, 54596, Korea
| | - Chang-Gi Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, 54596, Korea
| | - Won-Il Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, 54596, Korea.
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15
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A Systematic Investigation Unveils High Coinfection Status of Porcine Parvovirus Types 1 through 7 in China from 2016 to 2020. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0129421. [PMID: 34851175 PMCID: PMC8635132 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01294-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine parvovirus genotype 1 (PPV1) causes reproductive disorder in swine and is prevalent in China. Recently, six new genotypes of PPVs (PPV2 through PPV7) have also been detected in Chinese swine herds. However, the coinfection status of all these seven genotypes of PPVs (PPV1-7) in China was not clarified yet. In this study, we developed a panel of PPV1–7 PCR assays with satisfied specificity, sensitivity and reproducibility and then applied to the detection of PPV1–7 in 435 clinical samples collected from eight provinces of China in 2016–2020. A total of 55.40% samples (241 out of 435) were PPV positive, while PPV2 and PPV3 (both 22.53%) belonging to the genus of Tetraparvovirus were the most prevalent genotypes. Noticeably, PPV1–7 strains were more prevalent in nursery and finishing pigs than in suckling pigs. In addition, coinfection could be detected in all eight provinces and 27.36% (119/435) samples were coinfected with two to five genotypes of PPVs. Meanwhile, the coinfection of PPVs with PCV2 was 22.30% (97/435). Twenty complete genomes of representative PPV1–7 were determined, and phylogenetic analysis confirmed the genotyping results by sequence comparisons and PCR assays. Remarkably, the PPV7 HBTZ20180519-152 strain from domestic pig was recombined from parental JX15-like and JX38-like isolates from wild boars. Selective pressure analysis based on VP2 sequences of PPV1–7 showed that they were predominantly under negative selection, while few positive selection sites could be detected in VP2 of PPV7. Overall, this systematic investigation unveils high prevalence and coinfection of PPV1–7 in China from 2016 to 2020. IMPORTANCE Porcine parvoviruses (PPVs) are prevalent in China associating with reproductive failure in swine. The coinfection of seven genotypes of PPVs (PPV1-7) might have synergistic effects on PPV1 associated SMEDI syndrome. However, the coinfection status of PPV1–7 in China is not clear yet. This study showed that PPV1–7 strains are highly prevalent (55.40%) in China and mainly in nursery and finishing pigs in recent years. In addition, the coinfections of different genotypes of PPVs (27.36%) and PPVs with PCV2 (22.30%) are common. Geographic analysis indicated that different genotypes of PPVs are widely cocirculating in China. Intriguingly, a PPV7 strain from the domestic pig was detected as a recombinant from two wild boar isolates. Selective pressure analyses showed that PPV1–7 are mainly under purifying selection. Our findings provide the first systematic investigation on the prevalence, coinfection, and evolution of PPV1 through PPV7 in Chinese swineherds from 2016 to 2020.
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16
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Manessis G, Mourouzis C, Griol A, Zurita-Herranz D, Peransi S, Sanchez C, Giusti A, Gelasakis AI, Bossis I. Integration of Microfluidics, Photonic Integrated Circuits and Data Acquisition and Analysis Methods in a Single Platform for the Detection of Swine Viral Diseases. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113193. [PMID: 34827925 PMCID: PMC8614420 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The control of several swine viral diseases relies mainly on evidence-based prevention protocols due to the lack of effective treatments or vaccines. To design these protocols, laboratory investigation of viral infections is critical to confirm their occurrence and determine their epizootiology. However, laboratory confirmation of certain swine viral diseases is a time-consuming and labor-intensive process, requiring scientific personnel with relevant expertise. Point-of-Care (POC) diagnostics are tests and devices that provide clinically relevant information on-site, facilitating decision-makers to swiftly take countermeasures for disease control. In the present study, novel photonic biosensors were integrated into a single, automated POC device that can record and analyze changes in the sensors’ refractive index, allowing the detection of Porcine Parvovirus (PPV) and Porcine Circovirus 2 (PCV-2) in oral fluids within 75 min. The objective of this work was to validate this device using reference and field samples (oral fluids). The system was able to detect PPV and PCV-2 in oral fluid samples satisfactorily. The device can be directly deployed in farms for the fast diagnosis of these diseases, contributing to farm biosecurity. Abstract Viral diseases challenge the health and welfare of pigs and undermine the sustainability of swine farms. Their efficient control requires early and reliable diagnosis, highlighting the importance of Point of Care (POC) diagnostics in veterinary practice. The objective of this study was to validate a novel POC system that utilizes Photonic Integrated Circuits (PICs) and microfluidics to detect swine viral pathogens using oral fluids and Porcine Parvovirus (PPV) and Porcine Circovirus 2 (PCV-2) as proofs of concept. The sensitivity and specificity of the device were calculated for both viruses, and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn. PPV had an Area Under Curve (AUC) value of 0.820 (95% CI: 0.760 to 0.880, p < 0.0001), and its optimal efficiency threshold of detection shifts was equal to 4.5 pm (68.6% sensitivity, 77.1% specificity and Limit of Detection (LOD) value 106 viral copies/mL). PCV-2 had an AUC value of 0.742 (95% CI: 0.670 to 0.815, p < 0.0001) and an optimal efficiency threshold of shifts equal to 6.5 pm (69.5% sensitivity, 70.3% specificity and LOD 3.3 × 105 copies/mL). In this work, it was proven that PICs can be exploited for the detection of swine viral diseases. The novel device can be directly deployed on farms as a POC diagnostics tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Manessis
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens (AUA), Iera Odos 75 Str., 11855 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (A.I.G.)
| | - Christos Mourouzis
- CyRIC, Cyprus Research and Innovation Centre Ltd., 28th Octovriou Ave 72, Off. 301, Engomi, Nicosia 2414, Cyprus; (C.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Amadeu Griol
- Nanophotonics Technology Center, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n Building 8F, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (A.G.); (D.Z.-H.)
| | - David Zurita-Herranz
- Nanophotonics Technology Center, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n Building 8F, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (A.G.); (D.Z.-H.)
| | - Sergio Peransi
- Lumensia Sensors S.L., Camino de Vera, s/n, K-Access, Building 8F 3th-Floor, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (S.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Carlos Sanchez
- Lumensia Sensors S.L., Camino de Vera, s/n, K-Access, Building 8F 3th-Floor, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (S.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Alessandro Giusti
- CyRIC, Cyprus Research and Innovation Centre Ltd., 28th Octovriou Ave 72, Off. 301, Engomi, Nicosia 2414, Cyprus; (C.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Athanasios I. Gelasakis
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens (AUA), Iera Odos 75 Str., 11855 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (A.I.G.)
| | - Ioannis Bossis
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry, Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +30-2310991739
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17
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Jager MC, Tomlinson JE, Lopez-Astacio RA, Parrish CR, Van de Walle GR. Small but mighty: old and new parvoviruses of veterinary significance. Virol J 2021; 18:210. [PMID: 34689822 PMCID: PMC8542416 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01677-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In line with the Latin expression "sed parva forti" meaning "small but mighty," the family Parvoviridae contains many of the smallest known viruses, some of which result in fatal or debilitating infections. In recent years, advances in metagenomic viral discovery techniques have dramatically increased the identification of novel parvoviruses in both diseased and healthy individuals. While some of these discoveries have solved etiologic mysteries of well-described diseases in animals, many of the newly discovered parvoviruses appear to cause mild or no disease, or disease associations remain to be established. With the increased use of animal parvoviruses as vectors for gene therapy and oncolytic treatments in humans, it becomes all the more important to understand the diversity, pathogenic potential, and evolution of this diverse family of viruses. In this review, we discuss parvoviruses infecting vertebrate animals, with a special focus on pathogens of veterinary significance and viruses discovered within the last four years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason C Jager
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Joy E Tomlinson
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Robert A Lopez-Astacio
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Colin R Parrish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Gerlinde R Van de Walle
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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18
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Mai J, Wang D, Zou Y, Zhang S, Meng C, Wang A, Wang N. High Co-infection Status of Novel Porcine Parvovirus 7 With Porcine Circovirus 3 in Sows That Experienced Reproductive Failure. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:695553. [PMID: 34395577 PMCID: PMC8358293 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.695553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine parvoviruses (PPVs) and porcine circoviruses (PCVs) infect pigs worldwide, with PPV1–7 and PCV2 infections common in pigs. Although PPV7 was only identified in 2016, co-infection of PPV7 and PCV2 is already common, and PPV7 may stimulate PCV2 replication. PCV3, a novel type of circovirus, is prevalent in pig populations worldwide and considered to cause reproductive disorders and dermatitis nephrotic syndrome. In recent studies, pigs were commonly infected with both PCV3 and PPV7. Our objective was to investigate the co-infections between PPV7 and PCV3 in samples from swine on farms in Hunan, China, and assess the potential impacts of PPV7 on PCV3 viremia. A total of 209 samples, known to be positive (105) or negative (104) for PCV3, were randomly selected from serum samples that were collected from commercial swine herds in seven regions from 2016 to 2018 in our previous studies; these samples were subjected to real-time PCR to detect PPV7. Of these samples, 23% (48/209) were positive for PPV7. Furthermore, the PPV7 positive rate was significantly higher in PCV3 positive serum (31.4%, 33/105) than in PCV3 negative serum (14.4%, 15/104). Another 62 PCV3 positive sow serum samples and 20 PCV3 positive aborted fetuses were selected from 2015 to 2016 in our other previous study. These samples were designated as being from farms with or without long-standing histories of reproductive failure (RF or non-RF), respectively, and they were also subjected to real-time PCR to detect PPV7 and to determine whether PPV7 affected PCV3 viremia. Among the 62 serum samples (39 PCV3 positive RF-serum and 23 PCV3 positive non-RF-serum), 45.1% (28/62) were positive for PPV7 and PCV3, and the PPV7 positive rate was significantly higher in PCV3 positive RF-serum (51.2%, 20/39) than in PCV3 positive non-RF-serum (34.8%, 8/23). In addition, there was a higher positive rate of PPV7 (55%, 11/20) in PCV3 positive aborted fetus samples. In addition, the copy number of PCV3 in PPV7 positive samples was significantly higher than that in PPV7 negative serum samples. Based on these findings, we concluded that PPV7 may stimulate PCV3 replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Mai
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Dongliang Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yawen Zou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Sujiao Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Chenguang Meng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Aibing Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Naidong Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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Park GN, Song S, Cha RM, Choe S, Shin J, Kim SY, Hyun BH, Park BK, An DJ. Genetic analysis of porcine parvoviruses detected in South Korean wild boars. Arch Virol 2021; 166:2249-2254. [PMID: 33999261 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05106-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Porcine parvovirus 1 (PPV1) is a major cause of reproductive failure in pigs. To date, six additional porcine parvoviruses (PPV2-PPV7) have been identified. In this study, we detected 11 PPV1 strains, five PPV3 strains, three PPV4 strains, six PPV5 strains, five PPV6 strains, and one PPV7 strain in Korean wild boars. PPV1, -3, and -5, and PPV6 from Korean wild boars harbor conserved motifs within the Ca2+ binding loop and the catalytic center of the PLA1 motif. Intra-species recombination among PPV7 strains was also identified. Genetic characterization revealed that PPV1 from Korean wild boars may be similar to virulent PPV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu-Nam Park
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Gimchen, Gyeongbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Sok Song
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Gimchen, Gyeongbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Ra Mi Cha
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Gimchen, Gyeongbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - SeEun Choe
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Gimchen, Gyeongbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Shin
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Gimchen, Gyeongbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Yi Kim
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Gimchen, Gyeongbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Bang-Hun Hyun
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Gimchen, Gyeongbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Kyun Park
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Gimchen, Gyeongbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jun An
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Gimchen, Gyeongbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Genetic Analysis and Distribution of Porcine Parvoviruses Detected in the Organs of Wild Boars in Serbia. ACTA VET-BEOGRAD 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/acve-2021-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Porcine parvoviruses (PPVs) are diverse and persistently evolving viruses found in domestic pigs and wild boars. Porcine parvovirus 1 (PPV1) causes reproductive problems in adult animals, although the veterinary relevance of PPV2, PPV3, and PPV4 has not been clarified. The detection and sequence analysis of PPVs circulating in wild boar populations in Serbia was performed to determine their phylogenetic relationships and prevalence in 122 organ samples collected during 2018. The DNA of PPV1, PPV2, and PPV3 was detected in 56.6% of the examined samples, whilst PPV4 was not identified. Overall, PPV3 was the most prevalent in 69.6% of the positive samples, followed by PPV1 in 63.8%, and PPV2 in 21.7% samples. Single infections were more common, although concurrent infections were confirmed in 34.8% samples for two, and 10.1% samples for three viruses. Sequence analysis of wild boar PPV1 showed no significant nucleotide differences from domestic pig PPV1 strains detected in Europe and the USA, however separate clustering from strains from China and the NADL-2 strain was demonstrated. Examination of the selected PPV2 sequences might suggest a certain geographical distribution of genetically diverse PPV2 strains considering high similarities to the strains from neighboring countries, and variability in comparison with other reported PPV2 sequences from different parts of the world. Wild boar PPV3 sequences clustered separately from most of the strains detected in wild boars, as well as the original porcine hokovirus strain. It is further noted that genetically different PPV3 strains circulate amongst Serbian domestic pigs and wild boars.
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21
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Thuy NTD, Trung NT, Dung TQ, Khoa DVA, Thuy DTN, Opriessnig T. First investigation of the prevalence of parvoviruses in slaughterhouse pigs and genomic characterization of ungulate copiparvovirus 2 in Vietnam. Arch Virol 2021; 166:779-788. [PMID: 33433693 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04928-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Ungulate protoparvovirus 1, also known as porcine parvovirus 1 (PPV1), is considered to be one of the major causes of reproductive failure in pig breeding herds. Other parvoviruses have also been identified in pigs, including ungulate tetraparvovirus 3, or PPV2, ungulate tetraparvovirus 2, or PPV3, and ungulate copiparvovirus 2, or PPV4, but their significance for pigs is unknown. In the present study, the prevalence of PPV1-4 was investigated using a total of 231 lung and serum samples collected from slaughterhouses in 13 provinces throughout Vietnam. The overall prevalence was 54.5% (126/231) for PPV1, 28.0% (65/231) for PPV2, 17.7% (41/231) for PPV3, and 7.8% (18/231) for PPV4. While PPV1 and PPV2 were found in 11 provinces, PPV4 was detected in only three provinces. Co-circulation of PPV1, PPV2 and PPV3 was frequently observed, with PPV1/PPV2 coinfection predominating, with 20.8% (48/231). All four PPVs were detected together in only one sample from Thua Thien Hue. Three nearly complete PPV4 genome sequences of 5,453 nt were determined and deposited in the GenBank database. Alignment and comparison of the three genome sequences showed 99.5-99.6% nucleotide sequence identity, and the deduced amino acid sequences of open reading frames 1-3 were 99.6-99.9% identical to each other, 98.9-99.3% identical to those of other Vietnamese strains and 99.4-99.7% identical to those of Chinese strains). Phylogenetic analysis further confirmed a close relationship between Vietnamese and Chinese PPV4 strains. These results are the first to report the prevalence of PPV1, PPV2, PPV3, and PPV4 and nearly complete genomic sequences of PPV4 in pigs from slaughterhouses in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Dieu Thuy
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | | | - Tran Quoc Dung
- Institute of Biotechnology, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam.,University of Education, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | | | - Dinh Thi Ngoc Thuy
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
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22
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Paim WP, Maggioli MF, Weber MN, Rezabek G, Narayanan S, Ramachandran A, Canal CW, Bauermann FV. Virome characterization in serum of healthy show pigs raised in Oklahoma demonstrated great diversity of ssDNA viruses. Virology 2021; 556:87-95. [PMID: 33550118 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the United States, show pigs are raised to compete in agricultural events. These animals are usually raised in small herds with extensive human, domestic, and wild animal contact. Therefore, pathogen monitoring in this animal category is critical for improved disease surveillance and preparedness. This study characterized the virome of healthy show pigs using high-throughput sequencing using pooled serum samples from 2018 or 2019 (200 samples each pool). Results demonstrated the presence of DNA viral families (Parvoviridae, Circoviridae, and Herpesviridae) and RNA families (Arteriviridae, Flaviviridae, and Retroviridae). Twenty-three viral species were identified, including the first detection of porcine bufavirus in the US. Moreover, important swine pathogens identified included porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, atypical porcine pestivirus, and porcine circovirus (PCV). Additionally, complete coding genomes of 17 viruses from the Parvoviridae, Anelloviridae, and Circoviridae families were retrieved and included the first near full-length genomes of US Ungulate bocaparvovirus 3 species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willian P Paim
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University (OSU), Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA; Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mayara F Maggioli
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University (OSU), Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Matheus N Weber
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Grant Rezabek
- Serology diagnostic Section, Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (OADDL), College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University (OSU), Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Sai Narayanan
- Molecular diagnostic Section, Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (OADDL), College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University (OSU), Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Akhilesh Ramachandran
- Molecular diagnostic Section, Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (OADDL), College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University (OSU), Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Cláudio W Canal
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernando V Bauermann
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University (OSU), Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
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23
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Kim SC, Jeong CG, Nazki S, Lee SI, Baek YC, Jung YJ, Kim WI. Evaluation of a multiplex PCR method for the detection of porcine parvovirus types 1 through 7 using various field samples. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245699. [PMID: 33508002 PMCID: PMC7842984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine parvoviruses (PPVs) are small, nonenveloped DNA viruses that are widespread in the global pig population. PPV type 1 (PPV1) is a major causative agent of reproductive failure and has been recognized since the 1960s. In recent decades, novel PPVs have been identified and designated as PPVs 2 through 7 (PPV2~PPV7). Although the epidemiological impacts of these newly recognized parvoviruses on pigs are largely unknown, continuous surveillance of these PPVs is needed. The aim of this study was to develop an improved and efficient detection tool for these PPVs and to assess the developed method with field samples. Using 7 sets of newly designed primers, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) protocol was developed for the simultaneous detection of the seven genotypes of PPV (PPV1~PPV7). The sensitivity of the mPCR assay was analyzed, and the detection limit was determined to be 3×103 viral copies. The assay was highly specific in detecting one or more of the viruses in various combinations in specimens. The mPCR method was evaluated with 80 serum samples, 40 lung or lymph node samples and 40 intestine or fecal samples. When applied to these samples, the mPCR method could detect the 7 viruses simultaneously, providing rapid results regarding infection and coinfection status. In conclusion, the developed mPCR assay can be utilized as an effective and accurate diagnostic tool for rapid differential detection and epidemiological surveillance of various PPVs in numerous types of field samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Chai Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Chang-Gi Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Salik Nazki
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
| | - Sim-In Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Ye-Chan Baek
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Jung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Won-Il Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
- * E-mail:
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24
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Abstract
Swine DNA viruses have developed unique mechanisms for evasion of the host immune system, infection and DNA replication, and finally, construction and release of new viral particles. This article reviews four classes of DNA viruses affecting swine: porcine circoviruses, African swine fever virus, porcine parvoviruses, and pseudorabies virus. Porcine circoviruses belonging to the Circoviridae family are small single-stranded DNA viruses causing different diseases in swine including poly-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome, porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome, and porcine respiratory disease complex. African swine fever virus, the only member of the Asfivirus genus in the Asfarviridae family, is a large double-stranded DNA virus and for its propensity to cause high mortality, it is currently considered the most dangerous virus in the pig industry. Porcine parvoviruses are small single-stranded DNA viruses belonging to the Parvoviridae family that cause reproductive failure in pregnant gilts. Pseudorabies virus, or suid herpesvirus 1, is a large double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Herpesviridae family and Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily. Recent findings including general as well as genetic classification, virus structure, clinical syndromes and the host immune system responses and vaccine protection are described for all four swine DNA virus classes.
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25
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Lagan Tregaskis P, Staines A, Gordon A, Sheridan P, McMenamy M, Duffy C, Collins PJ, Mooney MH, Lemon K. Co-infection status of novel parvovirus's (PPV2 to 4) with porcine circovirus 2 in porcine respiratory disease complex and porcine circovirus-associated disease from 1997 to 2012. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:1979-1994. [PMID: 32969579 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As global pig health diseases, porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) and porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD) generate substantial economic losses despite pigs been vaccinated against the primary causative virus, highlighting the importance of understanding virome interactions and specifically co-factor infections. Established primary endemic pathogens for PRDC include porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv) and swine influenza virus (SIV), and PCV2 aetiology in interaction with other co-infecting viruses can result in PCVAD. Porcine parvovirus (PPV) 1 is a well-characterized virus with an available vaccine preventing reproductive failure in sows. However, whilst novel PPV 2 to 7 viruses have been identified since 2001, their viral pathogenic potential in clinical and subclinical disease remains to be determined. Therefore, this study has sought to develop a better understanding of their potential role as associated co-infections in PRDC and PCVAD by examining archival samples for the presence of PCV2 and the novel parvoviruses PPV2-4 from clinically diseased pigs across production age stages. Epidemiologically, the novel PPV2 was found to be the most prevalent within the fattener age group with PPV2-4 statistically associated with pig respiratory disease and enteric ulcers. Additionally, statistical modelling by latent class analysis (LCA) on veterinary pathology scored pigs found a clustering co-factor association between PPV2 and PCV2, suggesting the novel PPV may be involved in PRDC and PCVAD. Phylogenetic analysis of novel PPVs revealed the PPV2 capsid evolution to be diverged from the original strains with a low nucleotide homology of 88%-96% between two distinct clades. These findings determine that novel PPV 2-4 viruses are statistically associated as co-infectors in a diseased pig population, and significantly detected PPV2 clustering co-infection frequency with PCV2 in PRDC and PCVAD diseased pigs through LCA analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Lagan Tregaskis
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Science Division, Agri-food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, UK.,Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Anthony Staines
- Department of Nursing and Human Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alan Gordon
- Statistical Services Branch, Veterinary Science Division, Agri-food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, UK
| | - Pauline Sheridan
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Science Division, Agri-food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, UK
| | - Michael McMenamy
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Science Division, Agri-food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, UK
| | - Catherine Duffy
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Science Division, Agri-food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, UK
| | - P J Collins
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Science Division, Agri-food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, UK
| | - Mark H Mooney
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Ken Lemon
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Science Division, Agri-food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, UK
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26
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Porcine Parvovirus 7: Evolutionary Dynamics and Identification of Epitopes toward Vaccine Design. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030359. [PMID: 32635618 PMCID: PMC7565409 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine parvovirus 7 (PPV7) belonging to the genus Chapparvovirus in the family Parvoviridae, has been identified in the USA, Sweden, Poland, China, South Korea and Brazil. Our objective was to determine the phylogeny, estimate the time of origin and evolutionary dynamics of PPV7, and use computer-based immune-informatics to assess potential epitopes of its Cap, the main antigenic viral protein, for vaccines or serology. Regarding evolutionary dynamics, PPV7 had 2 major clades, both of which possibly had a common ancestor in 2004. Furthermore, PPV7 strains from China were the most likely ancestral strains. The nucleotide substitution rates of NS1 and Cap genes were 8.01 × 10−4 and 2.19 × 10−3 per site per year, respectively, which were higher than those reported for PPV1-4. The antigenic profiles of PPV7 Cap were revealed and there were indications that PPV7 used antigenic shift to escape from the host’s immune surveillance. Linear B cell epitopes and CD8 T cell epitopes of Cap with good antigenic potential were identified in silico; these conserved B cell epitopes may be candidates for the PPV7 vaccine or for the development of serological diagnostic methods.
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27
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Identification of a novel bovine copiparvovirus in pooled fetal bovine serum. Virus Genes 2020; 56:522-526. [PMID: 32306155 PMCID: PMC7329774 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-020-01757-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel parvovirus was identified as a cell culture contaminant by metagenomic analysis. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) was used to determine viral loads in the cell culture supernatant and further analysis, by ddPCR and DNA sequencing, demonstrated that fetal bovine serum (FBS) used during cell culture was the source of the parvovirus contamination. The FBS contained ~ 50,000 copies of the novel parvovirus DNA per ml of serum. The viral DNA was resistant to DNAse digestion. Near-full length sequence of the novel parvovirus was determined. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that virus belongs to the Copiparvovirus genus, being most closely related to bovine parvovirus 2 (BPV2) with 41% identity with the non-structural protein NS1 and 47% identity with the virus capsid protein of BPV2. A screen of individual and pooled bovine sera identified a closely related variant of the novel virus in a second serum pool. For classification purposes, the novel virus has been designated bovine copiparvovirus species 3 isolate JB9 (bocopivirus 3-JB9).
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28
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Garcia-Camacho LA, Vargas-Ruiz A, Marin-Flamand E, Ramírez-Álvarez H, Brown C. A retrospective study of DNA prevalence of porcine parvoviruses in Mexico and its relationship with porcine circovirus associated disease. Microbiol Immunol 2020; 64:366-376. [PMID: 32096557 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, many emerging porcine parvoviruses (PPVs) have been linked to porcine circovirus-2 (PCV2) associated disease (PCVAD), which includes post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), PCV2-related reproductive failure (PCV2-RF), as well as other syndromes. To determine the DNA prevalence of PPVs and their relationship with PMWS and PCV2-RF in Mexico, 170 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues were selected from archival collections to detect PPVs using a nested polymerase chain reaction. The tissues were composed of 50 PMWS cases, 20 age-matched tissues from healthy pigs, 56 PCV2-related reproductive failure (PCV2+ -RF) cases, and 44 PCV2- -RF cases. Overall, PPV2 and PPV6 were the most prevalent species (90.0% and 74.7%, respectively). In 8-11 week old pigs, the highest prevalence was for PPV6 and PPV3. Concerning reproductive failure, the PCV2-affected farms had a significantly higher prevalence for PPV6 (61.6%) and PPV5 (36.4%) than the PCV2-unaffected farms (35.0% and 5.0%, respectively). The concurrent infection rate was high, being significant for PPV2/PPV4 and PPV1/PPV5 within the PMWS cases and for PPV6/PPV5 among the PCV2+ -RF tissues. PPV5 showed a significant relationship with PMWS, whereas PPV5 and PPV6 were significant for PCVAD. The prevalence and coinfection rate of PPVs in Mexico were markedly higher than that described in other countries, denoting that PPV5 and PPV6 might have a potential role in PCVAD in Mexico. It is concluded that it is likely that the density population of pigs in Mexico is contributing to high PPV inter-species and PCV2 coinfections which might lead to a different pathogenic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Angélica Garcia-Camacho
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Superior Studies Cuautitlan, The National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuautitlan Izcalli, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Vargas-Ruiz
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Superior Studies Cuautitlan, The National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuautitlan Izcalli, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Marin-Flamand
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Superior Studies Cuautitlan, The National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuautitlan Izcalli, Mexico
| | - Hugo Ramírez-Álvarez
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Superior Studies Cuautitlan, The National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuautitlan Izcalli, Mexico
| | - Corrie Brown
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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29
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Detection and molecular characterization of novel porcine bufaviruses in Guangxi province. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 82:104286. [PMID: 32171841 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bufavirus (BuV) can infect a variety of hosts, including human, bats, rats, dog, swine and shrew species and are suggested related to diarrhea disease. Porcine bufaviruses (PoBuV) were first detected in Hungarian pig farms in 2016. To determine the prevalence and genetic diversity of PoBuV in China, we developed SYBR Green-based real-time PCR assays to detect PoBuV in Guangxi pigs. Real-time PCR detected PoBuV in 30 (29.13%, 30/103) of the samples with diarrhoeal intestinal tissues and rectal swabs. PoBuV-positive intestinal tissues and rectal swabs samples, co-infection with PEDV (15/30, 50.0%), followed by PDCoV (8/30, 26.67%), PoRV (6/30, 20.0%), PRRSV (5/30, 16.67%), and PCV2 (3/30, 10.0%) were observed. Fourteen complete genomes were cloned and sequenced. The results showed that they were 4189 bp in length and combined three open reading frames (ORFs) in the order 5'-NS1-VP1/VP2-3'. Fourteen strains shared 96.5%-99.8% identity among themselves and 92.7%-97.9% with the PoBuV reference sequences. Phylogenetic analysis based on the deduced amino acid sequence of the VP2 gene showed fourteen strains belonging to PoBuV and were grouped into the three branches. These results help to provide new insight into the molecular epidemiology of PoBuV in the world.
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Miłek D, Woźniak A, Podgórska K, Stadejek T. Do porcine parvoviruses 1 through 7 (PPV1-PPV7) have an impact on porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) viremia in pigs? Vet Microbiol 2020; 242:108613. [PMID: 32122579 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Infections with porcine parvoviruses 1 through 7 (PPV1-PPV7) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) are widespread in pig population. PCV2 is involved in a number of disease syndromes collectively called PCV2-associated diseases (PCVD). It is well elucidated, that PPV1 may act as a triggering factor of PCVD through supporting PCV2 replication. Less is known about the PPV2-PPV7 impact on PCV2 viremia, but several authors suggested an association between these viruses. In order to provide a better understanding of PCV2 and PPVs co-infections, 519 serum samples from eight Polish swine farms were tested by real-time PCR to assess the possible impact of PPV1-PPV7 on PCV2 viremia. Among all 519 serum samples, 30.6 % were positive for PCV2 and PPVs detection rates ranged from 2.9 % (PPV1) to 26.6 % (PPV2). Within 159 serum samples categorized as PCV2-positive, the prevalence rates of PPVs ranged from 7.5 % (PPV1) to 37.1 % (PPV6). The level of PCV2 viremia was significantly higher only in serum samples positive for PPV1 and PPV7 compared to samples negative for these PPVs. Moreover, the correlation between Ct values for PPV7 and PCV2 was observed. Thus, our results suggested that apart from PPV1, also PPV7 stimulate the replication of PCV2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Miłek
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Woźniak
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Podgórska
- Department of Swine Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Tomasz Stadejek
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
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Wu Y, Wu X, Hou J, Chen X, Huang X, Zhou B. Two novel protein chips for the detection of antibodies against porcine parvovirus. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:57. [PMID: 32059673 PMCID: PMC7023685 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02280-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background PPV is one of the most important pathogens causing porcine reproductive disorder. It has been shown in clinical cases to be a commonly mixed infection with other important swine diseases which can aggravate the severity of the disease and bring serious economic losses to the pig industry. Serological methods, such as hemagglutination inhibition assays (HAI), serum neutralization (SN), and the modified direct complement-fixation (MDCF) test were utilized earlier, whereas the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the most frequently applied assay to detect PPV-specific antibodies. Results We establish the visible protein chip and the cyanine dye 3 (Cy3)-labeled protein chip to detect the clinical serum from pigs. In this study, the recombinant protein VP2 of PPV was expressed in E.coli, purified with nickel magnetic beads, and then printed onto epoxy-coated glass slides for preparation of the protein chip. After a series of experiments, the conditions of antigen protein concentration, incubation time of primary antibody or secondary antibody, and optimal serum dilution fold were optimized, resulting in a successful visible protein chip and Cy3-labeled protein chip. The results showed that the positive serum, diluted up to 6000-fold, can be detected by the visible protein chip, and the positive serum, diluted up to 12,800-fold, can be detected by the Cy3-labeled protein chip, suggesting the high sensitivity of these protein chips. Moreover, the positive detection ratio, sensitivity, and specificity of these two kinds of protein chips were higher than those of commercial ELISA antibody detection kits. Conclusion Overall, these two protein chips can be used to rapidly diagnose clinical samples with high throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xudan Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jinxiu Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiongnan Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Da Silva MS, Budaszewski RF, Weber MN, Cibulski SP, Paim WP, Mósena ACS, Canova R, Varela APM, Mayer FQ, Pereira CW, Canal CW. Liver virome of healthy pigs reveals diverse small ssDNA viral genomes. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 81:104203. [PMID: 32035977 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Brazil is a major exporter of pork meat worldwide. Swine liver is a common ingredient in food consumed by humans, thus emphasizing the importance of evaluating the presence of associated pathogens in swine liver. To obtain knowledge, this study aimed to provide insights into the viral communities of livers collected from slaughtered pigs from southern Brazil. The 46 livers were processed and submitted for high-throughput sequencing (HTS). The sequences were most closely related to Anelloviridae, Circoviridae and Parvoviridae families. The present work also describes the first Brazilian PCV1 and the first PPV6 and PPV7 from South America. Virus frequencies revelead 63% of samples positive for TTSuV1, 71% for TTSuVk2, 10.8% for PCV, 13% for PPV and 6% for PBov. This report addresses the diversity of the liver virome of healthy pigs and expands the number of viruses detected, further characterizing their genomes to assist future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Da Silva
- Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - R F Budaszewski
- Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - M N Weber
- Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - S P Cibulski
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - W P Paim
- Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - A C S Mósena
- Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - R Canova
- Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - A P M Varela
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - F Q Mayer
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - C W Pereira
- Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - C W Canal
- Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Du J, Wang W, Chan JFW, Wang G, Huang Y, Yi Y, Zhu Z, Peng R, Hu X, Wu Y, Zeng J, Zheng J, Cui X, Niu L, Zhao W, Lu G, Yuen KY, Yin F. Identification of a Novel Ichthyic Parvovirus in Marine Species in Hainan Island, China. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2815. [PMID: 31866980 PMCID: PMC6907010 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Parvoviruses are a diverse group of viruses that are capable of infecting a wide range of animals. In this study, we report the discovery of a novel parvovirus, tilapia parvovirus HMU-HKU, in the fecal samples of crocodiles and intestines of tilapia in Hainan Province, China. The novel parvovirus was firstly identified from crocodiles fed with tilapia using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Screening studies revealed that the prevalence of the novel parvovirus in crocodile feces samples fed on tilapia (75–86%) was apparently higher than that in crocodiles fed with chicken (4%). Further studies revealed that the prevalence of the novel parvovirus in tilapia feces samples collected at four areas in Hainan Province was between 40 and 90%. Four stains of the novel parvovirus were identified in this study based on sequence analyses of NS1 and all the four strains were found in tilapia in contrast only two of them were detected in crocodile feces. The nearly full-length genome sequence of the tilapia parvovirus HMU-HKU-1 was determined and showed less than 45.50 and 40.38% amino acid identity with other members of Parvoviridae in NS1 and VP1 genes, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete helicase domain amino acid sequences showed that the tilapia parvovirus HMU-HKU-1 formed a relatively independent branch in the newly proposed genus Chaphamaparvovirus in the subfamily Hamaparvovirinae according to the ICTV’s most recent taxonomic criteria for Parvoviridae classification. Tilapia parvovirus HMU-HKU-1 likely represented a new species within the new genus Chaphamaparvovirus. The identification of tilapia parvovirus HMU-HKU provides further insight into the viral and genetic diversity of parvoviruses and its infections in tilapia populations need to be evaluated in terms of pathogenicity and production losses in tilapia farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Du
- Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Department of Pathogen Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Wenqi Wang
- Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
- Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Gaoyu Wang
- Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yufang Yi
- Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Zheng Zhu
- Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ruoyan Peng
- Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Hu
- Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Jifeng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Haikou, China
| | - Jiping Zheng
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiuji Cui
- Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Department of Pathogen Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Lina Niu
- Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Department of Pathogen Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Department of Pathogen Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Gang Lu
- Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Department of Pathogen Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Feifei Yin
- Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Department of Pathogen Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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Serena MS, Cappuccio JA, Metz GE, Aspitia CG, Dibárbora M, Calderón MG, Echeverría MG. Detection and molecular characterization of porcine parvovirus in fetal tissues from sows without reproductive failure in Argentina. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02874. [PMID: 31799463 PMCID: PMC6881615 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is one of many pathogens responsible for reproductive failure in pregnant sows. Several studies have reported the appearance of new PPV strains that differ from previous isolates both genetically and antigenically. Thus, the protective effects of commercially inactivated vaccines could not be complete. In South America, the information about PPV is limited. Thus, the aim of the present study was to detect and characterize the PPV strains present in 131 mummies or stillbirths from normal deliveries in sows from a commercial swine farm of Argentina that uses the commercial vaccine. PCR results showed that 17/131 were positive to PPV. Ten of these viruses were isolated and sequenced. All viruses were related to the PPV1 sequence (NADL-2), maintaining the amino acid differences in positions 436 (S–P) and 565 (R–K). This study is the first to report the isolation of PPV in Argentina and the results suggest that PPV can cross the placenta even in vaccinated sows, thus affecting some of the fetuses and being able to cause fetal death in sows without reproductive failure. The results also suggest that vaccination only reduces clinical signs and reproductive disorders and may thus not be a perfect tool to manage PPV infection. This study provides information that needs to be studied in depth to improve strategies to prevent and control PPV infection in swine farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Serena
- Laboratorio de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, calles 60 y 118, 1900, La Plata, Argentina.,Investigadores del Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, CONICET, Argentina
| | - J A Cappuccio
- Investigadores del Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, CONICET, Argentina.,Grupo Sanidad Animal, EEA Marcos Juarez, INTA. Ruta 12 km 3 (2580) Marcos Juarez, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - G E Metz
- Laboratorio de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, calles 60 y 118, 1900, La Plata, Argentina.,Investigadores del Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, CONICET, Argentina
| | - C G Aspitia
- Laboratorio de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, calles 60 y 118, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - M Dibárbora
- Grupo Sanidad Animal, EEA Marcos Juarez, INTA. Ruta 12 km 3 (2580) Marcos Juarez, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Gallo Calderón
- Investigadores del Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, CONICET, Argentina.,Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Dr. Cesar Milstein, CONICET, Saladillo, 2468, C1440FFX, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M G Echeverría
- Laboratorio de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, calles 60 y 118, 1900, La Plata, Argentina.,Investigadores del Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, CONICET, Argentina
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Hameed M, Liu K, Anwar MN, Wahaab A, Li C, Di D, Wang X, Khan S, Xu J, Li B, Nawaz M, Shao D, Qiu Y, Wei J, Ma Z. A viral metagenomic analysis reveals rich viral abundance and diversity in mosquitoes from pig farms. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 67:328-343. [PMID: 31512812 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mosquitoes harbour a diversity of viruses and are responsible for several mosquito-borne viral diseases of humans and animals, thereby leading to major public health concerns, and significant economic losses across the globe. Viral metagenomics offers a great opportunity for bulk analysis of viral genomes retrieved directly from environmental samples. In this study, we performed a viral metagenomic analysis of five pools of mosquitoes belonging to Aedes, Anopheles and Culex species, collected from different pig farms in the vicinity of Shanghai, China, to explore the viral community carried by mosquitoes. The resulting metagenomic data revealed that viral community in the mosquitoes was highly diverse and varied in abundance among pig farms, which comprised of more than 48 viral taxonomic families, specific to vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, fungi, bacteria and protozoa. In addition, a considerable number of viral reads were related to viruses that are not classified by host. The read sequences related to animal viruses included parvoviruses, anelloviruses, circoviruses, flavivirus, rhabdovirus and seadornaviruses, which might be taken up by mosquitoes from viremic animal hosts during blood feeding. Notably, sample G1 contained the most abundant sequence related to Banna virus, which is of public health interest because it causes encephalitis in humans. Furthermore, non-classified viruses also shared considerable virus sequences in all the samples, presumably belonging to unexplored virus category. Overall, the present study provides a comprehensive knowledge of diverse viral populations carried by mosquitoes at pig farms, which is a potential source of diseases for mammals including humans and animals. These viral metagenomic data are valuable for assessment of emerging and re-emerging viral epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muddassar Hameed
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ke Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Muhammad Naveed Anwar
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Abdul Wahaab
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chenxi Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Di Di
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Sawar Khan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jinpeng Xu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Beibei Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Mohsin Nawaz
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Donghua Shao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yafeng Qiu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jianchao Wei
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Ma
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, PR China
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Afolabi KO, Iweriebor BC, Okoh AI, Obi LC. Increasing diversity of swine parvoviruses and their epidemiology in African pigs. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2019; 73:175-183. [PMID: 31048075 PMCID: PMC7106291 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Detection of infectious viral agents has been on the increase globally with the advent and usage of more sensitive and selective novel molecular techniques in the epidemiological study of viral diseases of economic importance to the swine industry. The observation is not different for the pig-infecting member of the subfamily Parvovirinae in the family Parvoviridae as the application of novel molecular methods like metagenomics has brought about the detection of many other novel members of the group. Surprisingly, the list keeps increasing day by day with some of them possessing zoonotic potentials. In the last one decade, not less than ten novel swine-infecting viruses have been added to the subfamily, and ceaseless efforts have been in top gear to determine the occurrence and prevalence of the old and new swine parvoviruses in herds of pig-producing countries worldwide. The story, however, is on the contrary on the African continent as there is presently a dearth of information on surveillance initiatives of the viruses among swine herds of pig-producing countries in the region. Timely detection and characterization of the viral pathogens is highly imperative for the implementation of effective control and prevention of its spread. This review therefore presents a concise overview on the epidemiology of novel porcine parvoviruses globally and also provides up-to-date highlights on the reported cases of the viral agents in the African sub-region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayode Olayinka Afolabi
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, Eastern Cape Province, 5700, South Africa; Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa; Department of Biological Sciences, Anchor University, Ayobo, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - Benson Chuks Iweriebor
- School of Science and Technology, Sefako Makghato Health Sciences University, Medunsa, 0204 Pretoria, Gauteng Province, South Africa
| | - Anthony Ifeanyi Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, Eastern Cape Province, 5700, South Africa; Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
| | - Larry Chikwelu Obi
- School of Science and Technology, Sefako Makghato Health Sciences University, Medunsa, 0204 Pretoria, Gauteng Province, South Africa
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Wang W, Cao L, Sun W, Xin J, Zheng M, Tian M, Lu H, Jin N. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of novel porcine parvovirus 7 isolates from pigs in Guangxi, China. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219560. [PMID: 31291362 PMCID: PMC6619813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Parvoviruses are a diverse group of viruses that infect a wide range of animals and humans. In recent years, advances in molecular techniques have resulted in the identification of several novel parvoviruses in swine. In this study, porcine parvovirus 7 (PPV7) isolates from clinical samples collected in Guangxi, China, were examined to understand their molecular epidemiology and co-infection with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). In this study, among the 385 pig serum samples, 105 were positive for PPV7, representing a 27.3% positive detection rate. The co-infection rate of PPV7 and PCV2 was 17.4% (67/385). Compared with the reference strains, we noted 93.9%-97.9% similarity in the NS1 gene and 87.4%-95.0% similarity in the cap gene. Interestingly, compared with the reference strains, sixteen of the PPV7 strains in this study contained an additional 3 to 15 nucleotides in the middle of the cap gene. Therefore, the Cap protein of fourteen strains encoded 474 amino acids, and the Cap protein of the other two strains encoded 470 amino acids. However, the Cap protein of the reference strain PPV7 isolate 42 encodes 469 amino acids. This is the first report of sequence variation within the cap gene, confirming an increase in the number of amino acids in the Cap protein of PPV7. Our findings provide new insight into the prevalence of PPV7 in swine in Guangxi, China, as well as sequence data and phylogenetic analysis of these novel PPV7 isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Academy of Military Sciences, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Cao
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Academy of Military Sciences, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenchao Sun
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Academy of Military Sciences, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jialiang Xin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Zheng
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingyao Tian
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Academy of Military Sciences, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (MYT); (HJL); (NYJ)
| | - Huijun Lu
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Academy of Military Sciences, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (MYT); (HJL); (NYJ)
| | - Ningyi Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Academy of Military Sciences, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (MYT); (HJL); (NYJ)
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Li J, Cui L, Deng X, Yu X, Zhang Z, Yang Z, Delwart E, Zhang W, Hua X. Canine bufavirus in faeces and plasma of dogs with diarrhoea, China. Emerg Microbes Infect 2019; 8:245-247. [PMID: 30866778 PMCID: PMC6455112 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2018.1563457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjiao Li
- a Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China.,b Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine , Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , People's Republic of China
| | - Li Cui
- a Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Xutao Deng
- c Blood Systems Research Institute , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Xiangqian Yu
- d Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghai Zhang
- d Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibiao Yang
- a Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Eric Delwart
- c Blood Systems Research Institute , San Francisco , CA , USA.,e Department of Laboratory Medicine , University of California San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Wen Zhang
- b Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine , Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuguo Hua
- a Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
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Miłek D, Woźniak A, Guzowska M, Stadejek T. Detection Patterns of Porcine Parvovirus (PPV) and Novel Porcine Parvoviruses 2 through 6 (PPV2-PPV6) in Polish Swine Farms. Viruses 2019; 11:v11050474. [PMID: 31137628 PMCID: PMC6563502 DOI: 10.3390/v11050474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is a major causative agent in reproductive failure, but in the last two decades many novel porcine parvoviruses were described and designated as porcine parvovirus 2 through 6 (PPV2–PPV6). However, their role for pig health is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to better understand the on-farm prevalence of PPVs in different age groups of pigs, and to assess the diagnostic applicability of testing different diagnostic materials. In total, 271 oral fluids, 1244 serum samples, and 1238 fecal samples were collected from 3–21-week-old pigs from 19 farms, and after pooling by 4–6, tested by real-time PCR. The results showed that PPVs are widely spread in Poland and that the highest detection rates were obtained for oral fluids (ranging from 10.7% (PPV1) to 48.7% (PPV2)). Fattening pigs were the age group with the most frequent detection of PPVs (ranging from 8.6% (PPV1) to 49.1% (PPV2)). Porcine parvoviruses were detected mostly in growing-finishing pigs and the infection persisted until the late fattening period, which may suggest the chronic character of the infection (especially for PPV2, which was found to commonly infect animals of all ages). Particularly low Ct values detected for PPV2, PPV3, PPV5, and PPV6 in serum pools from some farms suggested that these viruses may cause high levels of viremia in one or more individuals included in these pools. Further studies are needed to quantify the levels of PPVs viremia and to assess the impact in co-infections with other, often endemic pig viruses, such as porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Miłek
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Woźniak
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Guzowska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Stadejek
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
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Linden A, Gilliaux G, Paternostre J, Benzarti E, Rivas JF, Desmecht D, Garigliany M. A novel parvovirus, Roe deer copiparvovirus, identified in Ixodes ricinus ticks. Virus Genes 2019; 55:425-428. [PMID: 30945175 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-019-01661-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The family Parvoviridae contains diverse viruses that are capable of infecting a wide range of hosts. In this study, metagenomic sequencing of Ixodes ricinus ticks harvested in 2016 on red deer (Cervus elaphus) and European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in Belgium detected a new 6296-bp parvoviral genome. Phylogenetic and sequence analyses showed the new virus belongs to a new species within the Copiparvovirus genus. PCR screening of 4 pools of 10 serum samples from both deer species identified the new copiparvovirus DNA only in roe deer sera. Together, these results are the first evidence of a copiparvovirus in a deer species. Besides its potential pathogenicity to roe deers, the detection of this new virus in ticks raises questions about the possible transmission of parvoviruses by ticks. This report further increases the current knowledge on the evolution and diversity of copiparvoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annick Linden
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH Research Center, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Gautier Gilliaux
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH Research Center, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Julien Paternostre
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH Research Center, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Emna Benzarti
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH Research Center, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jose Felipe Rivas
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH Research Center, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Daniel Desmecht
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH Research Center, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Mutien Garigliany
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH Research Center, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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Franzo G, Kekarainen T, Llorens A, Correa-Fiz F, Segalés J. Exploratory metagenomic analyses of periweaning failure-to-thrive syndrome-affected pigs. Vet Rec 2019; 184:25. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.105125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Franzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS); University of Padua; Legnaro Italy
| | | | - Anna Llorens
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra Spain
| | - Florencia Correa-Fiz
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra Spain
| | - Joaquim Segalés
- UAB, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, UAB; Bellaterra Spain
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Identification and genetic characterization of a novel parvovirus associated with serum hepatitis in horses in China. Emerg Microbes Infect 2018; 7:170. [PMID: 30348940 PMCID: PMC6198012 DOI: 10.1038/s41426-018-0174-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A novel equine parvovirus, equine parvovirus-hepatitis (EqPV-H), was first discovered in a horse that died of equine serum hepatitis in the USA in 2018. EqPV-H was shown to be a novel etiological agent associated with equine serum hepatitis. Following this initial report, no additional studies on EqPV-H have been published. In this study, a total of 143 serum samples were collected from racehorses at 5 separate farms in China and were analyzed to detect EqPV-H DNA via nested PCR. The results indicated a high prevalence of EqPV-H (11.9%, 17/143) in the studied animals. In addition, a remarkably high coinfection rate (58.8%, 10/17) with 2 equine flaviviruses (equine hepacivirus and equine pegivirus) was observed in the EqPV-H positive equines. However, all equines tested negative for Theiler’s disease-associated virus, an etiological agent associated with equine serum hepatitis. The genomes of six field EqPV-H strains were sequenced and analyzed, with the results indicating that the Chinese EqPV-H strains have low genetic diversity and high genetic similarity with the USA EqPV-H strain BCT-01. A phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the Chinese EqPV-H strains clustered with BCT-01 in the genus Copiparvovirus but were distantly related to another equine parvovirus identified in horse cerebrospinal fluid. In addition, liver enzyme levels were detected in the EqPV-H positive serum samples, and all the values were in the normal range, indicating that infection can occur without concurrent liver disease. This study will promote an understanding of the geographical distribution, genetic diversity, and pathogenicity of EqPV-H.
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Miłek D, Woźniak A, Stadejek T. The detection and genetic diversity of novel porcine parvovirus 7 (PPV7) on Polish pig farms. Res Vet Sci 2018; 120:28-32. [PMID: 30170185 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In the last years several novel parvoviruses (PPVs) were discovered in pigs worldwide. The most recently discovered porcine parvovirus species is PPV7, which was detected in USA and China to date. This study reports the first evidence of PPV7 in Europe. Overall, 902 serum samples and 896 fecal samples were collected between 2014 and 2017 from 3 to 20 weeks old pigs from 14 conventional swine farms in Poland. PPV7 DNA was detected in samples from all examined farms. Overall, PPV7 was detected in 39,0% fecal pools and in 19,6% serum pools. No positive results were obtained from 3 to 6-week-old pigs. In growing pigs and fatteners the virus was detected in 26,1% serum pools and 51,4% fecal pools. PPV7 infection dynamics was similar in all tested farms. Five complete REP gene sequences of PPV7 from Poland were obtained. The identity of Polish sequences ranged from 94.3 to 96.7% and from 93.5 to 96.7% at the nucleotide and amino acid level, respectively. Their identity to previously discovered sequences from USA and China ranged from 93.9 to 95.0% and from 91.8 to 95.4% at the nucleotide and amino acid level, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Miłek
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Woźniak
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Stadejek
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
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Novosel D, Cadar D, Tuboly T, Jungic A, Stadejek T, Ait-Ali T, Cságola A. Investigating porcine parvoviruses genogroup 2 infection using in situ polymerase chain reaction. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:163. [PMID: 29783968 PMCID: PMC5963090 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1487-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Porcine parvovirus 2 (PPV2) was detected in swine serum without showing any relationship with disease. The emergence of the virus seemed to be a unique event until other genetically highly similar parvoviruses were identified in China and, later in 2012, the presence of the virus was also described in Europe. PPV2 is widely distributed in pig populations where it is suspected to be involved in respiratory conditions, based on its frequent detection in lung samples. In order to investigate the potential pathogenic involvement of PPV2, 60 dead pigs were examined from two farms. They were necropsied and tested for PPV2 and PCV2 (Porcine circovirus type 2) by PCR; by Brown and Brenn (B&B) staining for bacteria; by immunohistochemistry (IHC) to detect CD3, Swine leukocyte antigen class II DQ (SLAIIDQ), lysozyme, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), swine influenza (SIV), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhyo); and by in situ hybridization (ISH) to detect ssDNA and dsDNA of PCV2. PPV2 positive samples were subjected to in situ polymerase chain reaction (IS-PCR) including double staining method to detect PPV2 and host cell markers. To calculate statistical difference we used GENMOD or LOGISTIC procedures in Statistical Analysis System (SAS®). Results We found that the PPV2 was localized mostly in lymphocytes in lungs, lymph nodes and liver. Neither CD3 antigen nor lysozyme was expressed by these infected cells. In contrast, low levels of SLAIIDQ were expressed by infected cells, suggesting that PPV2 may have a specific tropism for immature B lymphocytes and/or NK lymphocytes though possibly not T lymphocytes. Conclusion The overall conclusion of this study indicates that PPV2 may contribute to the pathogenesis of pneumonia. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-018-1487-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinko Novosel
- Department of Pathology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska cesta 143, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia. .,Department for Animal science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska 25, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Daniel Cadar
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Centre for Tropical Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht-Strasse 74, 20359, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Immunology, Szent István University, István u. 2, Budapest, 1078, Hungary
| | - Tamás Tuboly
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Immunology, Szent István University, István u. 2, Budapest, 1078, Hungary
| | - Andreja Jungic
- Department for Virology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska cesta 143, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomasz Stadejek
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Science, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tahar Ait-Ali
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edingburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Attila Cságola
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Immunology, Szent István University, István u. 2, Budapest, 1078, Hungary
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Markedly different immune responses and virus kinetics in littermates infected with porcine circovirus type 2 or porcine parvovirus type 1. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2017; 191:51-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Bovo S, Mazzoni G, Ribani A, Utzeri VJ, Bertolini F, Schiavo G, Fontanesi L. A viral metagenomic approach on a non-metagenomic experiment: Mining next generation sequencing datasets from pig DNA identified several porcine parvoviruses for a retrospective evaluation of viral infections. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179462. [PMID: 28662150 PMCID: PMC5491021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Shot-gun next generation sequencing (NGS) on whole DNA extracted from specimens collected from mammals often produces reads that are not mapped (i.e. unmapped reads) on the host reference genome and that are usually discarded as by-products of the experiments. In this study, we mined Ion Torrent reads obtained by sequencing DNA isolated from archived blood samples collected from 100 performance tested Italian Large White pigs. Two reduced representation libraries were prepared from two DNA pools constructed each from 50 equimolar DNA samples. Bioinformatic analyses were carried out to mine unmapped reads on the reference pig genome that were obtained from the two NGS datasets. In silico analyses included read mapping and sequence assembly approaches for a viral metagenomic analysis using the NCBI Viral Genome Resource. Our approach identified sequences matching several viruses of the Parvoviridae family: porcine parvovirus 2 (PPV2), PPV4, PPV5 and PPV6 and porcine bocavirus 1-H18 isolate (PBoV1-H18). The presence of these viruses was confirmed by PCR and Sanger sequencing of individual DNA samples. PPV2, PPV4, PPV5, PPV6 and PBoV1-H18 were all identified in samples collected in 1998-2007, 1998-2000, 1997-2000, 1998-2004 and 2003, respectively. For most of these viruses (PPV4, PPV5, PPV6 and PBoV1-H18) previous studies reported their first occurrence much later (from 5 to more than 10 years) than our identification period and in different geographic areas. Our study provided a retrospective evaluation of apparently asymptomatic parvovirus infected pigs providing information that could be important to define occurrence and prevalence of different parvoviruses in South Europe. This study demonstrated the potential of mining NGS datasets non-originally derived by metagenomics experiments for viral metagenomics analyses in a livestock species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Bovo
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), Biocomputing Group, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianluca Mazzoni
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anisa Ribani
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valerio Joe Utzeri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Bertolini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Giuseppina Schiavo
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Fontanesi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Matthews PC, Sharp C, Simmonds P, Klenerman P. Human parvovirus 4 'PARV4' remains elusive despite a decade of study. F1000Res 2017; 6:82. [PMID: 28184291 PMCID: PMC5288687 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.9828.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human parvovirus 4 ('PARV4') is a small DNA tetraparvovirus, first reported in 2005. In some populations, PARV4 infection is uncommon, and evidence of exposure is found only in individuals with risk factors for parenteral infection who are infected with other blood-borne viruses. In other settings, seroprevalence studies suggest an endemic, age-associated transmission pattern, independent of any specific risk factors. The clinical impact of PARV4 infection remains uncertain, but reported disease associations include an influenza-like syndrome, encephalitis, acceleration of HIV disease, and foetal hydrops. In this review, we set out to report progress updates from the recent literature, focusing on the investigation of cohorts in different geographical settings, now including insights from Asia, the Middle East, and South America, and discussing whether attributes of viral or host populations underpin the striking differences in epidemiology. We review progress in understanding viral phylogeny and biology, approaches to diagnostics, and insights that might be gained from studies of closely related animal pathogens. Crucial questions about pathogenicity remain unanswered, but we highlight new evidence supporting a possible link between PARV4 and an encephalitis syndrome. The unequivocal evidence that PARV4 is endemic in certain populations should drive ongoing research efforts to understand risk factors and routes of transmission and to gain new insights into the impact of this virus on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa C Matthews
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3SY, UK; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Colin Sharp
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Peter Simmonds
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3SY, UK; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
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Cui J, Biernacka K, Fan J, Gerber PF, Stadejek T, Opriessnig T. Circulation of Porcine Parvovirus Types 1 through 6 in Serum Samples Obtained from Six Commercial Polish Pig Farms. Transbound Emerg Dis 2016; 64:1945-1952. [PMID: 27882679 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Porcine parvoviruses are small non-enveloped DNA viruses, very resistant to inactivation, and ubiquitous in the global pig population. Porcine parvovirus type 1 (PPV1) has been known since the 1960s and is a major causative agent of reproductive failure in breeding herds. During the last decade, several new parvoviruses have been identified in pigs by molecular methods and have been consecutively designated as PPV2 through PPV6. Epidemiology data for these viruses are limited, and the impact of these newly recognized parvoviruses on pigs is largely unknown. To further generate knowledge on the distribution of PPVs in pigs, a total of 247 serum samples were collected from six commercial Polish pig farms during 2013-2015 and tested by PCR assays and ELISAs. The pigs ranged from two to 18 weeks of age at sample collection. Breeding herds supplying the investigated farms were routinely vaccinated against PPV1. While all growing pig samples were negative for PPV1 DNA, young pigs were frequently negative for PPV1 antibodies and seroconversion to PPV1 was commonly seen at 9-10 weeks of age. The PPV2 antibody detection was highest in young pigs (2-6-week-old) and decreased in older pigs indicating passively acquired antibodies. The DNA prevalence rates in the serum samples analysed were 19% for PPV2, 7.7% for PPV3, 2.4% for PPV4, 4.0% for PPV5 and 6.1% for PPV6. Most PPV DNA-positive samples were identified in 9- to 18-week-old pigs with no obvious association with disease on the farm. All recently emerging PPV genotypes were detected in Polish farms. Similar to previous reports in other pig populations, PPV2 was the most frequent PPV genotype circulating in Poland.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cui
- The Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - K Biernacka
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Fan
- The Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China
| | - P F Gerber
- The Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - T Stadejek
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Opriessnig
- The Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK.,Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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Cui J, Fan J, Gerber PF, Biernacka K, Stadejek T, Xiao CT, Opriessnig T. First identification of porcine parvovirus 6 in Poland. Virus Genes 2016; 53:100-104. [PMID: 27590228 PMCID: PMC5306181 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-016-1386-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Porcine parvovirus type 1 is a major causative agent of swine reproductive failure. During the past decade, several new parvoviruses have been discovered in pigs. Porcine parvovirus type 6 (PPV6), recently identified, has been reported in pigs in China and in the USA while the PPV6 status in the European pig population remains undetermined. In the present study, PPV6 DNA was identified in serum samples collected from domestic pigs in Poland. In investigated herds, the prevalence of PPV6 was 14.9 % (15/101 samples). Sequencing was conducted, and 11 nearly complete PPV6 genomes were obtained. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that PPV6 sequences cluster into four distinct groups, and the Polish PPV6 strains from three individual farms were present in three of these four groups. In addition, the Polish PPV6 strain P15-1 was identified as a putative recombination of an ORF1 from US stains and an ORF2 from Chinese strains. This is the first identification of PPV6 in Europe, and this finding will encourage future epidemiological studies on parvoviruses in European pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Cui
- The Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Jinghui Fan
- The Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Priscilla F Gerber
- The Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Kinga Biernacka
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Stadejek
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Chao-Ting Xiao
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.,College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Tanja Opriessnig
- The Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK. .,Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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Discovery of a novel Parvovirinae virus, porcine parvovirus 7, by metagenomic sequencing of porcine rectal swabs. Virus Genes 2016; 52:564-7. [PMID: 26995221 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-016-1322-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Parvoviruses are a diverse group of viruses containing some of the smallest known species that are capable of infecting a wide range of animals. Metagenomic sequencing of pooled rectal swabs from adult pigs identified a 4103-bp contig consisting of two major open reading frames encoding proteins of 672 and 469 amino acids (aa) in length. BLASTP analysis of the 672-aa protein found 42.4 % identity to fruit bat (Eidolon helvum) parvovirus 2 (EhPV2) and 37.9 % to turkey parvovirus (TuPV) TP1-2012/HUN NS1 proteins. The 469-aa protein had no significant similarity to known proteins. Genetic and phylogenetic analyses suggest that PPV7, EhPV2, and TuPV represent a novel genus in the family Parvoviridae. Quantitative PCR screening of 182 porcine diagnostic samples found a total of 16 positives (8.6 %). Together, these data suggest that PPV7 is a highly divergent novel parvovirus prevalent within the US swine.
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