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Kienbacher CL, Schoergenhofer C, Ruzicka G, Grafeneder J, Hufnagl C, Jilma B, Schwameis M, Herkner H. Thromboelastography in acute immunologic reactions: a prospective pilot study. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2024; 8:102425. [PMID: 38974798 PMCID: PMC11225642 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2024.102425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Biomarkers of fibrinolysis are elevated during acute immunologic reactions (allergic reactions and angioedema), although it is unclear whether fibrinolysis is associated with disease severity. Objectives We investigated a possible association between maximum lysis (ML) measured by thromboelastography and the severity of acute immunologic reactions. Methods We recruited patients with acute immunologic reactions at a high-volume emergency department. Clinical disease severity at presentation and at the end of the emergency department stay was assessed using a 5-grade scale, ranging from local symptoms to cardiac arrest. We determined ML on admission by thromboelastography (ROTEM's extrinsic [EXTEM], and aprotinin [APTEM] tests), expressed as ML%. Hyperfibrinolysis was defined as an ML of >15% in EXTEM, which was reversed by adding aprotinin (APTEM). We used exact logistic regression to investigate an association between ML% and disease severity (grades 1 and 2 [mild] vs 3-5 [severe]) and between hyperfibrinolysis and disease severity. Results We included 31 patients (71% female; median age, 52 [IQR, 35-58] years; 10 [32%] with a severe reaction). ML% was higher in patients with severe symptoms (21 [IQR, 12-100] vs 10 [IQR, 4-17]). Logistic regression found a significant association between ML% and symptom severity (odds ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.01-1.21; P = .003). Hyperfibrinolysis was detected in 6 patients and found to be associated with severe symptoms (odds ratio, 17.59; 95% CI, 1.52-991.09; P = .02). D-dimer, tryptase, and immunoglobulin E concentrations increased with the severity of immunologic reactions. Conclusion ML, quantified by thromboelastography, is associated with the severity of acute immunologic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gerhard Ruzicka
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Grafeneder
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Hufnagl
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernd Jilma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Schwameis
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Herkner
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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2
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Iba T, Helms J, Neal MD, Levy JH. Mechanisms and management of the coagulopathy of trauma and sepsis: trauma-induced coagulopathy, sepsis-induced coagulopathy, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:3360-3370. [PMID: 37722532 PMCID: PMC10873124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Disseminated intravascular coagulation can occur due to different causes but commonly following sepsis. Trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) occurs on hospital arrival in approximately 25% of seriously injured patients who initially presents with impaired hemostasis and a bleeding phenotype that can later progress to a prothrombotic phase. Following traumatic injury, ineffective hemostasis is driven by massive blood loss, tissue damage, and hyperfibrinolysis. This initial impaired hemostasis continues until surgical or other management strategies not only to stop the causes of hemorrhage but also progresses to a prothrombotic and hypofibrinolytic state, also termed fibrinolytic shutdown. Prothrombotic progression is also promoted by inflammatory mediator release, endothelial injury, and platelet dysregulation, which is commonly seen in sepsis with increased mortality. Unlike TIC, the early phase of sepsis is frequently complicated by multiorgan dysfunction described as sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC) that lacks a hemorrhagic phase. The phenotypes of SIC and TIC are different, especially in their initial presentations; however, patients who survive TIC may also develop subsequent infections and potentially sepsis and SIC. Although the pathophysiology of SIC and TIC are different, endothelial injury, dysregulated fibrinolysis, and coagulation abnormalities are common. Management includes treatment of the underlying cause, tissue injury vs infection is critical, and supportive therapies, such as hemostatic resuscitation and circulatory support are essential, and adjunct therapies are recommended in guidelines. Based on clinical studies and certain guidelines, additional therapies include tranexamic acid in the limited timing of initial traumatic injury and anticoagulants, such as antithrombin and recombinant thrombomodulin in disseminated intravascular coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Iba
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Julie Helms
- Strasbourg University (UNISTRA); Strasbourg University Hospital, Medical Intensive Care Unit - NHC; INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), Strasbourg, France
| | - Matthew D Neal
- Trauma and Transfusion Medicine Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jerrold H Levy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA. https://twitter.com/JerroldLevy
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Rosebery L, Miller M, Loizou P, Ho SJ, Adkins KJ, Deshpande K. A retrospective validation of ROTEM algorithms for detecting hyperfibrinolysis demonstrates poor agreement for prediction of in-hospital mortality and transfusion requirement in a general, non-cardiac, surgical population. Thromb Res 2023; 229:170-177. [PMID: 37517207 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2023.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hyperfibrinolysis diagnosed on Rotational Thromboelastography (ROTEM) is associated with increased transfusion requirements and mortality in trauma. The diagnosis and significance of hyperfibrinolysis in a mixed, non-cardiac, general surgical population has not been investigated. We aimed to measure agreement between four ROTEM algorithms for diagnosing hyperfibrinolysis and transfusion requirements and mortality in general surgical patients. These algorithms mostly incorporate measures of early or late clot amplitude reduction on the Extrinsic Clotting Pathway Test with Tissue Factor (EXTEM) channel. METHOD Four hospital administrative data sets were linked from 2019 to 2022. Adults >18 years were included if a ROTEM was performed during their surgery (intraoperative period) or within 24-h of the surgery completion (postoperative period). The four hyperfibrinolysis criteria were applied to the ROTEM data and assessed for their agreement, intraoperative and postoperative transfusion requirements and in-patient mortality. RESULTS We linked 933 ROTEMs to 558 patient-procedures. One algorithm identified hyperfibrinolysis on only three patients so was excluded. Agreement between the remaining three was slight (Cohens Kappa 0.18 (p < 0.001)) with hyperfibrinolysis diagnosed between 22 and 69 % of the procedures. The association between hyperfibrinolysis diagnosis and intraoperative or postoperative transfusion requirement was inconsistent between the criteria. However, an algorithm put forward by Goerling et al. was more often associated with transfusion requirement and inpatient mortality. DISCUSSION The poor agreement between criteria suggests that some ROTEM criteria may not transfer directly to general surgical patients. Future research should focus on optimising hyperfibrinolysis cut-off values to update algorithms for bleeding general surgical patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Rosebery
- Intensive Care Unit, St George Hospital, Gray St, Kogarah 2217, Australia
| | - Matthew Miller
- Department of Anaesthesia, St George Hospital, Gray St, Kogarah 2217, Australia; Conjoint Lecturer St George and Sutherland Clinical Campus, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Peter Loizou
- Blood Bank Department, StG Public Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia
| | - Shir Jing Ho
- Conjoint Lecturer St George and Sutherland Clinical Campus, UNSW, Sydney, Australia; Department of Haematology, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia
| | - Keith J Adkins
- Department of Perfusion, St George Hospital, Gray St, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia
| | - Kush Deshpande
- Intensive Care Unit, St George Hospital, Gray St, Kogarah 2217, Australia; Conjoint Lecturer St George and Sutherland Clinical Campus, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
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Bui-Thi HD, Le Minh K. Coagulation profiles in patients with sepsis/septic shock identify mixed hypo-hypercoagulation patterns based on rotational thromboelastometry: A prospective observational study. Thromb Res 2023; 227:51-59. [PMID: 37235948 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sepsis-induced hemostatic disturbances are common and are associated with poor outcomes. Additionally, conventional coagulation tests (CCTs) overdiagnose hypocoagulation and cannot detect hypercoagulation and hyperfibrinolysis. The aim of this study was to describe the coagulation profiles of patients with sepsis/septic shock using rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) and to compare coagulation states between sepsis and septic shock groups and between surviving and non-surviving groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective, observational, single-center study was conducted in the intensive care unit (ICU) of the University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City, from 6/2020-12/2021. Patients aged ≥18 years with sepsis or septic shock according to the Sepsis-3 criteria were included. ROTEM and CCTs were concurrently performed within the first 24 h of ICU admission. RESULTS In total, 161 patients were enrolled. Based on ROTEM, 72.7 % of patients with sepsis/septic shock had coagulation disorders, including 25.5 % hypercoagulation, 54.7 % hypocoagulation, 13.6 % mixed hypo-hypercoagulation patterns, and 18.6 % hyperfibrinolysis. A common mixed disorder subtype was characterized by prolonged initial clotting time (CT) with subsequently increased clot firmness. Fibrinogen levels and maximum clot formation (MCF)-fibtem were strongly correlated (rho = 0.73, p < 0.05). Hypocoagulation was observed more in the septic shock group than in the sepsis group. Compared to survivors, non-survivors had more prolonged CT-extem. CONCLUSIONS ROTEM could identify hypocoagulability, hypercoagulability, mixed hypo-hypercoagulability patterns, and hyperfibrinolysis in patients with sepsis/septic shock. Elevated MCF-fibtem and elevated fibrinogen levels were notably common and strongly correlated. The septic shock group had more hypocoagulation than the sepsis group. Lastly, non-survivors had more prolonged CT-extem than survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanh-Duyen Bui-Thi
- Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City, The University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 215 Hong Bang Street, Ward 11, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Khoi Le Minh
- Department of Science and Training, University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City, The University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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Characterization of 2 Different Prothrombin Complex Concentrates by Different Hemostatic Assays in an In Vitro Hemodilution Model. Anesth Analg 2022; 135:1031-1040. [PMID: 35984000 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viscoelastically guided coagulation factor concentrate-based algorithms for the treatment of trauma-induced coagulopathy include the administration of prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs). However, the exact role of PCC preparations in this context is a matter of debate. Particularly, the ideal diagnostic trigger for their administration and potential differences between heparin-containing and heparin-free preparations remain unclear. We investigated the hypothesis that 2 different PCCs might have distinct influences on in vitro blood coagulation. METHODS We conducted a direct comparison of 2 commercially available PCC preparations (the heparin-containing Beriplex P/N and the heparin-free Cofact) in an in vitro hemodilution model. Sole fibrinogen substitution served as the control group. To characterize the hemostatic changes, we utilized conventional coagulation tests, a thrombin generation assay (TGA), and 2 different viscoelastic hemostatic assays (VHAs; ROTEM delta and ClotPro). RESULTS Irrespective of the diagnostic assay used, no significant differences between the 2 PCC groups were observed. Fibrinogen levels remained stable from the baseline throughout every dilution level. The control group already showed an increased endogenous thrombin potential (ETP; nM·L -1 ·min -1 ) at all dilution levels compared to baseline (baseline, 2829.4 (432.8); 40% dilution, 4211.7 (391.6); 60% dilution, 4290.9 (300.8); 80% dilution, 3861.4 (303.5); all P < .001). Spiking with both PCC preparations led to a further-pronounced thrombin elevation in comparison to the control group (ETP at 40% dilution, PCC1: 4913.3 [370.2], PCC2: 4988.1 [265.7]; 60% dilution, PCC1: 5174.5 [234.7], PCC2: 5390.4 [334.9]; 80% dilution, PCC1: 5253.8 [357.9], PCC2: 5392.6 [313.4]; all P < .001). Conventional coagulation tests did not mirror the TGA results. Despite increased thrombin generation, prothrombin time was significantly prolonged at all dilution levels for the control group, and both PCC groups exhibited significant prolongations at the 60% and 80% dilution levels (all P < .001) compared to baseline. Similarly, VHA did not depict the thrombin elevation. Furthermore, descriptive analyses revealed relevant differences between the 2 VHA devices, particularly at baseline. CONCLUSIONS Both PCC preparations (ie, irrespective of heparin content) induced significant elevation of thrombin generation, which was not depicted by conventional coagulation tests or VHA. Our in vitro results suggest that diagnostic assays routinely used to guide PCC administration might not adequately reflect thrombin generation in bleeding patients.
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Wells M, Raja M, Rahman S. Point-of-care viscoelastic testing. BJA Educ 2022; 22:416-423. [PMID: 36304915 PMCID: PMC9596284 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjae.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Wells
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - M. Raja
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - S. Rahman
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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The Addition of ROTEM Parameter Did Not Significantly Improve the Massive Transfusion Prediction in Severe Trauma Patients. Emerg Med Int 2022; 2022:7219812. [PMID: 36285178 PMCID: PMC9588372 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7219812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Rotational thrombelastometry (ROTEM) has been used to evaluate the coagulation state, predict transfusion, and optimize hemostatic management in trauma patients. However, there were limited studies on whether the prediction value could be improved by adding the ROTEM parameter to the prediction model for in-hospital mortality and massive transfusion (MT) in trauma patients. Objective. This study assessed whether ROTEM data could improve the MT prediction model. Method. This was a single-center, retrospective study. Patients who presented to the trauma center and underwent ROTEM between 2016 and 2020 were included. The primary and secondary outcomes were massive transfusions and in-hospital mortality, respectively. We constructed two models using multivariate logistic regression with backward conditional stepwise elimination (Model 1: without the ROTEM parameter and Model 2: with the ROTEM parameter). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was calculated to assess the predictive ability of the models. Result. In total, 969 patients were included; 196 (20.2%) received MT. The in-hospital mortality rate was 14.1%. For MT, the AUROC was 0.854 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.825–0.883) and 0.860 (95% CI, 0.832–0.888) for Model 1 and 2, respectively. For in-hospital mortality, the AUROC was 0.886 (95% CI, 0.857–0.915) and 0.889 (95% CI, 0.861–0.918) for models 1 and 2, respectively. The AUROC values for models 1 and 2 were not statistically different for either MT or in-hospital mortality. Conclusion. We found that the addition of the ROTEM parameter did not significantly improve the predictive power of MT and in-hospital mortality in trauma patients.
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Pourang S, Sekhon UDS, Disharoon D, Ahuja SP, Suster MA, Sen Gupta A, Mohseni P. Assessment of fibrinolytic status in whole blood using a dielectric coagulometry microsensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 210:114299. [PMID: 35533507 PMCID: PMC10124761 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Rapid assessment of the fibrinolytic status in whole blood at the point-of-care/point-of-injury (POC/POI) is clinically important to guide timely management of uncontrolled bleeding in patients suffering from hyperfibrinolysis after a traumatic injury. In this work, we present a three-dimensional, parallel-plate, capacitive sensor - termed ClotChip - that measures the temporal variation in the real part of blood dielectric permittivity at 1 MHz as the sample undergoes coagulation within a microfluidic channel with <10 μL of total volume. The ClotChip sensor features two distinct readout parameters, namely, lysis time (LT) and maximum lysis rate (MLR) that are shown to be sensitive to the fibrinolytic status in whole blood. Specifically, LT identifies the time that it takes from the onset of coagulation for the fibrin clot to mostly dissolve in the blood sample during fibrinolysis, whereas MLR captures the rate of fibrin clot lysis. Our findings are validated through correlative measurements with a rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) assay of clot viscoelasticity, qualitative/quantitative assessments of clot stability, and scanning electron microscope imaging of clot ultrastructural changes, all in a tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)-induced fibrinolytic environment. Moreover, we demonstrate the ClotChip sensor ability to detect the hemostatic rescue that occurs when the tPA-induced upregulated fibrinolysis is inhibited by addition of tranexamic acid (TXA) - a potent antifibrinolytic drug. This work demonstrates the potential of ClotChip as a diagnostic platform for rapid POC/POI assessment of fibrinolysis-related hemostatic abnormalities in whole blood to guide therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Pourang
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Systems Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Ujjal D S Sekhon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Dante Disharoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Sanjay P Ahuja
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Michael A Suster
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Systems Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Anirban Sen Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Pedram Mohseni
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Systems Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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Cryoprecipitate use during massive transfusion: A propensity score analysis. Injury 2022; 53:1972-1978. [PMID: 35241286 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2022.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cryoprecipitate is frequently administered as an adjunct to balanced transfusion in the setting of traumatic hemorrhage. However, civilian studies have not demonstrated a clear survival advantage, and prior observational studies noted selection bias when analyzing cryoprecipitate use. Additionally, due to the logistics involved in cryoprecipitate administration, it is inconsistently implemented alongside standardized massive transfusion protocols. This study aims to evaluate the effects of early cryoprecipitate administration on inpatient mortality in the setting of massive transfusion for exsanguinating trauma and to use propensity score analysis to minimize selection bias. METHODS The registry of an urban level 1 trauma center was queried for adult patients who received at least 6 units of packed red blood cells within 4 h of presentation. Univariate analysis, multiple logistic regression, and propensity score matching were performed. RESULTS 562 patients were identified. Patients with lower median RTS (6.86 (IQR 4.09-7.84) vs 7.6 (IQR 5.97-7.84), P<0.01), decreased Glasgow coma scale (12 (IQR 4-15) vs 15 (IQR 10-15), P<0.01), and increased lactate (7.5 (IQR 4.3-10.2) vs 4.9 (IQR 3.1-7.2), P<0.01) were more commonly administered cryoprecipitate. Mortality was greater among those who received cryoprecipitate (40.2% vs 23.7%, p<0.01) on univariate analysis. Neither multiple logistic regression (OR 0.917; 95% confidence interval 0.462-1.822; p = 0.805) nor propensity score matching (average treatment effect on the treated 2.3%, p = 0.77) revealed that cryoprecipitate administration was associated with a difference in inpatient mortality. CONCLUSIONS Patients receiving cryoprecipitate within 4 h of presentation were more severely injured at presentation and had increased inpatient mortality. Multivariable logistic regression and propensity score analysis failed to show that early administration of cryoprecipitate was associated with survival benefit for exsanguinating trauma patients. The prospect of definitively assessing the utility of cryoprecipitate in exsanguinating hemorrhage warrants prospective investigation.
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Viscoelastic Hemostatic Assays: A Primer on Legacy and New Generation Devices. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030860. [PMID: 35160311 PMCID: PMC8836477 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Viscoelastic hemostatic assay (VHAs) are whole blood point-of-care tests that have become an essential method for assaying hemostatic competence in liver transplantation, cardiac surgery, and most recently, trauma surgery involving hemorrhagic shock. It has taken more than three-quarters of a century of research and clinical application for this technology to become mainstream in these three clinical areas. Within the last decade, the cup and pin legacy devices, such as thromboelastography (TEG® 5000) and rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM® delta), have been supplanted not only by cartridge systems (TEG® 6S and ROTEM® sigma), but also by more portable point-of-care bedside testing iterations of these legacy devices (e.g., Sonoclot®, Quantra®, and ClotPro®). Here, the legacy and new generation VHAs are compared on the basis of their unique hemostatic parameters that define contributions of coagulation factors, fibrinogen/fibrin, platelets, and clot lysis as related to the lifespan of a clot. In conclusion, we offer a brief discussion on the meteoric adoption of VHAs across the medical and surgical specialties to address COVID-19-associated coagulopathy.
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Gibson BHY, Wollenman CC, Moore-Lotridge SN, Keller PR, Summitt JB, Revenko AR, Flick MJ, Blackwell TS, Schoenecker JG. Plasmin drives burn-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome. JCI Insight 2021; 6:154439. [PMID: 34877937 PMCID: PMC8675186 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.154439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe injuries, such as burns, provoke a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) that imposes pathology on all organs. Simultaneously, severe injury also elicits activation of the fibrinolytic protease plasmin. While the principal adverse outcome of plasmin activation in severe injury is compromised hemostasis, plasmin also possesses proinflammatory properties. We hypothesized that, following a severe injury, early activation of plasmin drives SIRS. Plasmin activation was measured and related to injury severity, SIRS, coagulopathy, and outcomes prospectively in burn patients who are not at risk of hemorrhage. Patients exhibited early, significant activation of plasmin that correlated with burn severity, cytokines, coagulopathy, and death. Burn with a concomitant, remote muscle injury was employed in mice to determine the role of plasmin in the cytokine storm and inflammatory cascades in injured tissue distant from the burn injury. Genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of plasmin reduced the burn-induced cytokine storm and inflammatory signaling in injured tissue. These findings demonstrate (a) that severe injury-induced plasmin activation is a key pathologic component of the SIRS-driven cytokine storm and SIRS-activated inflammatory cascades in tissues distant from the inciting injury and (b) that targeted inhibition of plasmin activation may be effective for limiting both hemorrhage and tissue-damaging inflammation following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Colby C Wollenman
- School of Medicine.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Stephanie N Moore-Lotridge
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center.,Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology
| | | | - J Blair Summitt
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; and.,Vanderbilt University Medical Center Burn Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alexey R Revenko
- IONIS Pharmaceuticals Pulmonary and Oncology Drug Discovery, Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Matthew J Flick
- Department of Pathology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,University of North Carolina Blood Research Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Timothy S Blackwell
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care
| | - Jonathan G Schoenecker
- Department of Pharmacology.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center.,Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology; and.,Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Abstract
Fibrinogen plays a fundamental role in coagulation through its support for platelet aggregation and its conversion to fibrin. Fibrin stabilizes clots and serves as a scaffold and immune effector before being broken down by the fibrinolytic system. Given its importance, abnormalities in fibrin(ogen) and fibrinolysis result in a variety of disorders with hemorrhagic and thrombotic manifestations. This review summarizes (i) the basic elements of fibrin(ogen) and its role in coagulation and the fibrinolytic system; (ii) the laboratory evaluation for fibrin(ogen) disorders, including the use of global fibrinolysis assays; and (iii) the management of congenital and acquired disorders of fibrinogen and fibrinolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jori E May
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue South, NP 2503, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Alisa S Wolberg
- UNC Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UNC Blood Research Center, 8018A Mary Ellen Jones Building, CB7035, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7035, USA
| | - Ming Yeong Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah, 2000 Circle Hope Drive, Room 4126, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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13
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Gaessler H, Helm M, Kulla M, Hossfeld B, Schmid U, Kerschowski J, Bretschneider I. Prehospital evaluation and detection of induced coagulopathy in trauma: The PREDICT study. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2021; 91:344-351. [PMID: 34397955 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000003246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemorrhage with trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) and hyperfibrinolysis (HF) increases the mortality risk after severe trauma. While TIC at hospital admission is well studied, little is known about coagulopathy at the incident site. The aim of the study was to investigate coagulation disorders already present on scene. METHODS In a prospective single-center observational study, blood samples of trauma patients obtained before and at hospital admission were analyzed. Data on rotational thromboelastometry, blood gas analysis, prehospital treatment, injury severity, in-hospital blood transfusions, and mortality were investigated according to the presence of coagulation disorders at the incident site. The patients were divided into three groups according to the presence of coagulation disorders (no coagulopathy, TIC, TIC with HF). In a subgroup analysis, patients with a Trauma-Induced Coagulopathy Clinical Score (TICCS) of ≥10 were investigated. RESULTS Between August 2015 and February 2018, 148 patients were enrolled in the study. The mean Injury Severity Score was 22.1, and overall mortality was 7.4%. Trauma-induced coagulopathy and HF were already detectable at the incident site in 18.2% and 6.1%, respectively. Patients with HF had significantly altered circulation parameters with significant changes in pH, hemoglobin, lactate, and base excess at the incident site. In patients with TICCS of ≥10 (14.2%), TIC was detected in 47.6% of the cases and HF in 28.6%. Furthermore, in these patients, blood gas parameters significantly changed and the need for blood transfusion and mortality. CONCLUSION Trauma-induced coagulopathy and HF can be detected in severely injured patients even before medical treatment is started. Furthermore, in patients with HF and TICCS of ≥10, blood gas parameters were significantly changed at the incident site. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic study, level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Gaessler
- From the Armed Forces Medical Centre Ulm, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Section Emergency Medicine, Ulm, Germany
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14
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Keyloun JW, Le TD, Brummel-Ziedins KE, Mclawhorn MM, Bravo MC, Orfeo T, Johnson LS, Moffatt LT, Pusateri AE, Shupp JW. Inhalation Injury is Associated with Endotheliopathy and Abnormal Fibrinolytic Phenotypes in Burn Patients: A Cohort Study. J Burn Care Res 2021; 43:432-439. [PMID: 34089618 PMCID: PMC8946676 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irab102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Burn injury is associated with endothelial dysfunction and coagulopathy and concomitant inhalation injury increases morbidity and mortality. The aim of this work is to identify associations between inhalation injury (IHI), coagulation homeostasis, vascular endothelium, and clinical outcomes in burn patients. One-hundred and twelve patients presenting to a regional burn center were included in this retrospective cohort study. Whole blood was collected at set intervals from admission through 24 hours and underwent viscoelastic assay with rapid TEG (rTEG). Syndecan-1 (SDC-1) on admission was quantified by ELISA. Patients were grouped by the presence (n=28) or absence (n=84) of concomitant IHI and rTEG parameters, fibrinolytic phenotypes, SDC-1, and clinical outcomes were compared. Of the 112 thermally injured patients, 28 (25%) had IHI. Most patients were male (68.8%) with a median age of 40 (IQR, 29-57) years. Patients with IHI had higher overall mortality (42.68% vs. 8.3%; p<0.0001). rTEG LY30 was lower in patients with IHI at hours 4 and 12 (p<0.05). There was a pattern of increased abnormal fibrinolytic phenotypes among IHI patients. There was a greater proportion of IHI patients with endotheliopathy (SDC-1 > 34 ng/mL) (64.7% vs. 26.4%; p=0.008). There was a pattern of increased mortality among patients with inhalation injury and endotheliopathy (0% vs. 72.7%; p=0.004). Significant differences between patients with and without IHI were found in measures assessing fibrinolytic potential and endotheliopathy. Mortality was associated with abnormal fibrinolysis, endotheliopathy, and inhalation injury. However, the extent to which IHI associated dysfunction is independent of TBSA burn size remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Keyloun
- The Burn Center, Department of Surgery, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC.,Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC
| | - Tuan D Le
- U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, TX
| | | | - Melissa M Mclawhorn
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC
| | - Maria C Bravo
- Department of Biochemistry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT
| | - Thomas Orfeo
- Department of Biochemistry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT
| | - Laura S Johnson
- The Burn Center, Department of Surgery, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC.,Department of Surgery, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Lauren T Moffatt
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC.,Department of Surgery, Georgetown University, Washington, DC.,Department of Biochemistry Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | | | - Jeffrey W Shupp
- The Burn Center, Department of Surgery, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC.,Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC.,Department of Surgery, Georgetown University, Washington, DC.,Department of Biochemistry Georgetown University, Washington, DC
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15
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Wong J, George RB, Hanley CM, Saliba C, Yee DA, Jerath A. Tranexamic acid: current use in obstetrics, major orthopedic, and trauma surgery. Can J Anaesth 2021; 68:894-917. [PMID: 33993459 DOI: 10.1007/s12630-021-01967-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In this Continuing Professional Development module, we review the practical pharmacology of tranexamic acid and its clinical use in trauma, obstetrics, and major orthopedic surgery. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Tranexamic acid is a synthetic drug that inhibits fibrinolysis. Multiple clinical trials in various clinical settings have shown that it can reduce blood loss, transfusion rates, and bleeding-associated mortality. In trauma and obstetrical bleeding, early tranexamic acid administration (< three hours) may have greater clinical benefits. Overall, tranexamic acid use appears safe with no significant increase of thromboembolic or seizure events. Nevertheless, current evidence has limitations related to wide heterogeneity in dose, route, and timing of drug administration, as well as generalizability of the large-scale trial findings to higher income nations. CONCLUSIONS Tranexamic acid is an efficacious and safe pharmacological-based blood conservation technique in the management of clinically significant hemorrhage. All anesthesiologists should have a good understanding of the pharmacotherapeutic properties and perioperative role of tranexamic acid therapy both inside and outside of the operating room. The use of tranexamic acid is likely to continue to rise with endorsement by various clinical guidelines and healthcare organizations. Further quantitative research is needed to evaluate optimal dosing and drug efficacy in these clinical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Wong
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ronald B George
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ciara M Hanley
- Department of Anesthesia, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chadi Saliba
- Department of Anesthesia, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Doreen A Yee
- Department of Anesthesia, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Angela Jerath
- Department of Anesthesia, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Institute of Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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16
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Pusateri AE, Le TD, Keyloun JW, Moffatt LT, Orfeo T, Brummel-Ziedins KE, McLawhorn MM, Callcut RA, Shupp JW. Early abnormal fibrinolysis and mortality in patients with thermal injury: a prospective cohort study. BJS Open 2021; 5:6248890. [PMID: 33893737 DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrab017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Abnormal fibrinolysis early after injury has been associated with increased mortality in trauma patients, but no studies have addressed patients with burn injury. This prospective cohort study aimed to characterize fibrinolytic phenotypes in burn patients and to see if they were associated with mortality. METHODS Patients presenting to a regional burn centre within 4 h of thermal injury were included. Blood was collected for sequential viscoelastic measurements using thromboelastography (RapidTEG™) over 12 h. The percentage decrease in clot strength 30 min after the time of maximal clot strength (LY30) was used to categorize patients into hypofibrinolytic/fibrinolytic shutdown (SD), physiological (PHYS) and hyperfibrinolytic (HF) phenotypes. Injury characteristics, demographics and outcomes were compared. RESULTS Of 115 included patients, just over two thirds were male. Overall median age was 40 (i.q.r. 28-57) years and median total body surface area (TBSA) burn was 13 (i.q.r. 6-30) per cent. Some 42 (36.5 per cent) patients had severe burns affecting over 20 per cent TBSA. Overall mortality was 18.3 per cent. At admission 60.0 per cent were PHYS, 30.4 per cent were SD and 9.6 per cent HF. HF was associated with increased risk of mortality on admission (odds ratio 12.61 (95 per cent c.i. 1.12 to 142.57); P = 0.041) but not later during the admission when its incidence also decreased. Admission SD was not associated with mortality, but incidence increased and by 4 h and beyond, SD was associated with increased mortality, compared with PHYS (odds ratio 8.27 (95 per cent c.i. 1.16 to 58.95); P = 0.034). DISCUSSION Early abnormal fibrinolytic function is associated with mortality in burn patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Pusateri
- U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas, USA
| | - T D Le
- U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - J W Keyloun
- The Burn Center, Department of Surgery, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA.,Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - L T Moffatt
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - T Orfeo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Colchester, Vermont, USA
| | - K E Brummel-Ziedins
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - M M McLawhorn
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - R A Callcut
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - J W Shupp
- The Burn Center, Department of Surgery, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA.,Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Surgery, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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17
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Savioli G, Ceresa IF, Caneva L, Gerosa S, Ricevuti G. Trauma-Induced Coagulopathy: Overview of an Emerging Medical Problem from Pathophysiology to Outcomes. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:16. [PMID: 33805197 PMCID: PMC8064317 DOI: 10.3390/medicines8040016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Coagulopathy induced by major trauma is common, affecting approximately one-third of patients after trauma. It develops independently of iatrogenic, hypothermic, and dilutive causes (such as iatrogenic cause in case of fluid administration), which instead have a pejorative aspect on coagulopathy. Notwithstanding the continuous research conducted over the past decade on Trauma-Induced Coagulopathy (TIC), it remains a life-threatening condition with a significant impact on trauma mortality. We reviewed the current evidence regarding TIC diagnosis and pathophysiological mechanisms and summarized the different iterations of optimal TIC management strategies among which product resuscitation, potential drug administrations, and hemostatis-focused approaches. We have identified areas of ongoing investigation and controversy in TIC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Savioli
- Emergency Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, PhD University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (I.F.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Iride Francesca Ceresa
- Emergency Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, PhD University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (I.F.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Luca Caneva
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Gerosa
- Emergency Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, PhD University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (I.F.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Giovanni Ricevuti
- Department of Drug Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, 00152 Rome, Italy
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18
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Wang IJ, Bae BK, Cho YM, Cho SJ, Yeom SR, Lee SB, Chun M, Kim H, Kim HH, Lee SM, Huh U, Moon SY. Effect of acute alcohol intoxication on mortality, coagulation, and fibrinolysis in trauma patients. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248810. [PMID: 33755680 PMCID: PMC7987171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of alcohol on the outcome and fibrinolysis phenotype in trauma patients remains unclear. Hence, we performed this study to determine whether alcohol is a risk factor for mortality and fibrinolysis shutdown in trauma patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 686 patients who presented to our trauma center and underwent rotational thromboelastometry were included in the study. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine whether alcohol was an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality and fibrinolysis shutdown. RESULTS The rate of in-hospital mortality was 13.8% and blood alcohol was detected in 27.7% of the patients among our study population. The patients in the alcohol-positive group had higher mortality rate, higher clotting time, and lower maximum lysis, more fibrinolysis shutdown, and hyperfibrinolysis than those in the alcohol-negative group. In logistic regression analysis, blood alcohol was independently associated with in-hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR] 2.578; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.550-4.288) and fibrinolysis shutdown (OR 1.883 [95% CI, 1.286-2.758]). Within the fibrinolysis shutdown group, blood alcohol was an independent predictor of mortality (OR 2.168 [95% CI, 1.030-4.562]). CONCLUSIONS Alcohol is an independent risk factor for mortality and fibrinolysis shutdown in trauma patients. Further, alcohol is an independent risk factor for mortality among patients who experienced fibrinolysis shutdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Jae Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Kwan Bae
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mo Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Suck Ju Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsangnam-do, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Ran Yeom
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsangnam-do, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Bong Lee
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Mose Chun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Gyeongsangnam-do, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerim Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Hoi Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Min Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Gyeongsangnam-do, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Up Huh
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Moon
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
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19
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Franz ND, Machado-Aranda D, Miller JT, Farina N. Impact of Obesity on Tranexamic Acid Efficacy in Adult Patients With Major Bleeding. Ann Pharmacother 2021; 55:1076-1083. [PMID: 33384016 DOI: 10.1177/1060028020983323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic used for prophylaxis and treatment of acute bleeding. Although fixed dosing is often used in practice, weight-based dosing is sometimes used in the operating room (OR). The efficacy and safety of fixed-dose TXA is not well established in patients with above average weight or body mass index. OBJECTIVE To characterize the efficacy and safety of intravenous TXA in obese patients with major bleeding. METHODS This was a retrospective review of 165 patients receiving fixed-dose TXA for acute bleeding outside the OR. Blood product administration (BPA) before and after TXA was collected, along with demographic and bleed-related information. Thrombotic events were the major safety end point. A prespecified subgroup analysis was conducted in patients weighing at least 100 kg compared with a lower weight. Logistic regression was performed to determine whether an association exists between body weight and blood product requirement after TXA administration. RESULTS In the 24 hours after TXA, patients received an average of 4.17 units of blood product. Patients weighing at least 100 kg averaged 4.04 total units, compared with 4.19 units in the lower weight group (P = 0.603). Administration of individual blood products did not differ between groups, and thrombotic events were similar. Regression analysis did not associate weight with total BPA. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE In patients receiving fixed-dose TXA, weight does not appear to alter blood product requirements or rates of adverse thrombotic events. These data support continued use of fixed-dose TXA for treatment of acute major bleeding in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James T Miller
- University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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20
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Michelson EA, Cripps MW, Ray B, Winegar DA, Viola F. Initial clinical experience with the Quantra QStat System in adult trauma patients. Trauma Surg Acute Care Open 2020; 5:e000581. [PMID: 33178896 PMCID: PMC7640591 DOI: 10.1136/tsaco-2020-000581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Whole blood viscoelastic testing (VET) devices are routinely used in a variety of clinical settings to assess hemostasis. The Quantra QStat System is a cartridge-based point of care VET device that measures changes in clot stiffness during coagulation and fibrinolysis using ultrasound detection of resonance. The objective of this study was to assess the ability of the Quantra QStat System to detect coagulopathies in trauma patients. Methods A multicenter observational study was conducted on adult subjects at two level 1 trauma centers. For each subject, whole blood samples were drawn upon arrival to the emergency department and again, in some cases, after administration of blood products and/or antifibrinolytics. Samples were analyzed on the Quantra in parallel to ROTEM delta. The QStat cartridge provides measures of Clot Time (CT), Clot Stiffness (CS), Fibrinogen and Platelet Contributions to clot stiffness (FCS and PCS), and Clot Stability to Lysis (CSL). Data analyses included linear regression of Quantra and ROTEM parameters and an assessment of the concordance of the two devices for the assessment of hyperfibrinolysis. Results A total of 56 patients were analyzed. 42% of samples had a low QStat CS value suggestive of an hypocoagulable state. The low stiffness values could be attributed to either low PCS, FCS or combination. Additionally, 13% of samples showed evidence of hyperfibrinolysis based on the QStat CSL parameter. Samples analyzed with ROTEM assays showed a lower prevalence of low CS and hyperfibrinolysis based on EXTEM and FIBTEM results. The correlation of CS, FCS and CT versus equivalent ROTEM parameters was strong with r-values of 0.83, 0.79 and 0.79, respectively. Discussion This first clinical experience with the Quantra in trauma patients showed that the QStat Cartridge was strongly correlated with ROTEM parameters and that it could detect coagulopathies associated with critical bleeding. Level of evidence Diagnostic test, Level II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward A Michelson
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Michael W Cripps
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Bradford Ray
- University Medical Center of El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
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21
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Spinella PC, Thomas KA, Turnbull IR, Fuchs A, Bochicchio K, Schuerer D, Reese S, Coleoglou Centeno AA, Horn CB, Baty J, Shea SM, Meledeo MA, Pusateri AE, Levy JH, Cap AP, Bochicchio GV. The Immunologic Effect of Early Intravenous Two and Four Gram Bolus Dosing of Tranexamic Acid Compared to Placebo in Patients With Severe Traumatic Bleeding (TAMPITI): A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Single-Center Trial. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2085. [PMID: 33013880 PMCID: PMC7506112 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The hemostatic properties of tranexamic acid (TXA) are well described, but the immunological effects of TXA administration after traumatic injury have not been thoroughly examined. We hypothesized TXA would reduce monocyte activation in bleeding trauma patients with severe injury. Methods This was a single center, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing placebo to a 2 g or 4 g intravenous TXA bolus dose in trauma patients with severe injury. Fifty patients were randomized into each study group. The primary outcome was a reduction in monocyte activation as measured by human leukocyte antigen-DR isotype (HLA-DR) expression on monocytes 72 h after TXA administration. Secondary outcomes included kinetic assessment of immune and hemostatic phenotypes within the 72 h window post-TXA administration. Results The trial occurred between March 2016 and September 2017, when data collection ended. 149 patients were analyzed (placebo, n = 50; 2 g TXA, n = 49; 4 g TXA, n = 50). The fold change in HLA-DR expression on monocytes [reported as median (Q1–Q3)] from pre-TXA to 72 h post-TXA was similar between placebo [0.61 (0.51–0.82)], 2 g TXA [0.57 (0.47–0.75)], and 4 g TXA [0.57 (0.44–0.89)] study groups (p = 0.82). Neutrophil CD62L expression was reduced in the 4 g TXA group [fold change: 0.73 (0.63–0.97)] compared to the placebo group [0.97 (0.78–1.10)] at 24 h post-TXA (p = 0.034). The fold decrease in plasma IL-6 was significantly less in the 4 g TXA group [1.36 (0.87–2.42)] compared to the placebo group [0.46 (0.19–1.69)] at 72 h post-TXA (p = 0.028). There were no differences in frequencies of myeloid or lymphoid populations or in classical complement activation at any of the study time points. Conclusion In trauma patients with severe injury, 4 g intravenous bolus dosing of TXA has minimal immunomodulatory effects with respect to leukocyte phenotypes and circulating cytokine levels. Clinical Trial Registration www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT02535949.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Spinella
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Kimberly A Thomas
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Isaiah R Turnbull
- Section of Acute and Critical Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Anja Fuchs
- Section of Acute and Critical Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Kelly Bochicchio
- Section of Acute and Critical Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Douglas Schuerer
- Section of Acute and Critical Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Stacey Reese
- Section of Acute and Critical Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Adrian A Coleoglou Centeno
- Section of Acute and Critical Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Christopher B Horn
- Section of Acute and Critical Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Jack Baty
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Susan M Shea
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - M Adam Meledeo
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Anthony E Pusateri
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Jerrold H Levy
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Andrew P Cap
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Grant V Bochicchio
- Section of Acute and Critical Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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22
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Sahli SD, Rössler J, Tscholl DW, Studt JD, Spahn DR, Kaserer A. Point-of-Care Diagnostics in Coagulation Management. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E4254. [PMID: 32751629 PMCID: PMC7435714 DOI: 10.3390/s20154254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of point-of-care (POC) devices most commonly used for coagulation analyses in the acute settings. Fast and reliable assessment of hemostasis is essential for the management of trauma and other bleeding patients. Routine coagulation assays are not designed to visualize the process of clot formation, and their results are obtained only after 30-90 m due to the requirements of sample preparation and the analytical process. POC devices such as viscoelastic coagulation tests, platelet function tests, blood gas analysis and other coagulometers provide new options for the assessment of hemostasis, and are important tools for an individualized, goal-directed, and factor-based substitution therapy. We give a detailed overview of the related tests, their characteristics and clinical implications. This review emphasizes the evident advantages of the speed and predictive power of POC clot measurement in the context of a goal-directed and algorithm-based therapy to improve the patient's outcome. Interpretation of viscoelastic tests is facilitated by a new visualization technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian D. Sahli
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University and University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.D.S.); (J.R.); (D.W.T.); (D.R.S.)
| | - Julian Rössler
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University and University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.D.S.); (J.R.); (D.W.T.); (D.R.S.)
| | - David W. Tscholl
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University and University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.D.S.); (J.R.); (D.W.T.); (D.R.S.)
| | - Jan-Dirk Studt
- Division of Hematology, University and University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Donat R. Spahn
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University and University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.D.S.); (J.R.); (D.W.T.); (D.R.S.)
| | - Alexander Kaserer
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University and University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.D.S.); (J.R.); (D.W.T.); (D.R.S.)
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FIBTEM Improves the Sensitivity of Hyperfibrinolysis Detection in Severe Trauma Patients: A Retrospective Study Using Thromboelastometry. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6980. [PMID: 32332776 PMCID: PMC7181804 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63724-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) can only detect high-degree hyperfibrinolysis (HF), despite being frequently used in trauma patients. We investigated whether considering FIBTEM HF (the presence of maximal lysis (ML) > 15%) could increase ROTEM-based HF detection’s sensitivity. This observational cohort study was performed at a level 1 trauma centre. Trauma patients with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) > 15 who underwent ROTEM in the emergency department between 2016 and 2017 were included. EXTEM HF was defined as ML > 15% in EXTEM. We compared mortality rates between EXTEM HF, FIBTEM HF, and non-HF patient groups. Overall, 402 patients were included, of whom 45% were men (mean age, 52.5 years; mean ISS, 27). The EXTEM HF (n = 37), FIBTEM HF (n = 132), and non-HF (n = 233) groups had mortality rates of 81.1%, 22.3%, and 10.3%, respectively. The twofold difference in mortality rates between the FIBTEM HF and non-HF groups remained statistically significant after Bonferroni correction (P = 0.01). On multivariable Cox regression analysis, FIBTEM HF was independently associated with in-hospital mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 2.15, 95% confidence interval 1.21–3.84, P = 0.009). Here, trauma patients with FIBTEM HF had significantly higher mortality rates than those without HF. FIBTEM be a valuable diagnostic method to improve HF detection’s sensitivity in trauma patients.
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Data-driven Development of ROTEM and TEG Algorithms for the Management of Trauma Hemorrhage: A Prospective Observational Multicenter Study. Ann Surg 2020; 270:1178-1185. [PMID: 29794847 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000002825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Developing pragmatic data-driven algorithms for management of trauma induced coagulopathy (TIC) during trauma hemorrhage for viscoelastic hemostatic assays (VHAs). BACKGROUND Admission data from conventional coagulation tests (CCT), rotational thrombelastometry (ROTEM) and thrombelastography (TEG) were collected prospectively at 6 European trauma centers during 2008 to 2013. METHODS To identify significant VHA parameters capable of detecting TIC (defined as INR > 1.2), hypofibrinogenemia (< 2.0 g/L), and thrombocytopenia (< 100 x10/L), univariate regression models were constructed. Area under the curve (AUC) was calculated, and threshold values for TEG and ROTEM parameters with 70% sensitivity were included in the algorithms. RESULTS A total of, 2287 adult trauma patients (ROTEM: 2019 and TEG: 968) were enrolled. FIBTEM clot amplitude at 5 minutes (CA5) had the largest AUC and 10 mm detected hypofibrinogenemia with 70% sensitivity. The corresponding value for functional fibrinogen (FF) TEG maximum amplitude (MA) was 19 mm. Thrombocytopenia was similarly detected using the calculated threshold EXTEM-FIBTEM CA5 30 mm. The corresponding rTEG-FF TEG MA was 46 mm. TIC was identified by EXTEM CA5 41 mm, rTEG MA 64 mm (80% sensitivity). For hyperfibrinolysis, we examined the relationship between viscoelastic lysis parameters and clinical outcomes, with resulting threshold values of 85% for EXTEM Li30 and 10% for rTEG Ly30.Based on these analyses, we constructed algorithms for ROTEM, TEG, and CCTs to be used in addition to ratio driven transfusion and tranexamic acid. CONCLUSIONS We describe a systematic approach to define threshold parameters for ROTEM and TEG. These parameters were incorporated into algorithms to support data-driven adjustments of resuscitation with therapeutics, to optimize damage control resuscitation practice in trauma.
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Ilich A, Noubouossie DF, Henderson M, Ellsworth P, Betbadal KF, Campello E, Meeks S, Dunn A, Park MS, Pawlinski R, Simioni P, Shapiro A, Key NS. Development and application of global assays of hyper- and hypofibrinolysis. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2020; 4:46-53. [PMID: 31989084 PMCID: PMC6971323 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous methods for evaluation of global fibrinolytic activity in whole blood or plasma have been proposed, with the majority based on tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) addition to initiate fibrinolysis. We propose that such an approach is useful to reveal hypofibrinolysis, but t-PA concentrations should be kept to a minimum. In this paper, we describe a low-concentration t-PA plasma turbidity assay to evaluate several congenital factor deficiencies, including plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and plasminogen deficiency, as well as hemophilia A and B. In addition, we demonstrate a threshold dependency on endogenous PAI-1 levels. To assess endogenous hyperfibrinolysis, we suggest that assays that avoid t-PA addition are preferable, with assays based on euglobulin fractionation remaining a viable choice. We describe a euglobulin fraction clot lysis time (ECLT) assay with spectrophotometric readout and other modifications, and evaluate it as a tool to measure hyperfibrinolysis in inherited clotting factor deficiency states. We demonstrate that the ECLT is predominantly driven by residual amounts of PAI-1, t-PA, and α2-antiplasmin. These assays should be further evaluated for the detection of hypo- or hyperfibrinolysis in acquired thrombotic or hemorrhagic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Ilich
- Department of MedicineUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth Carolina
| | | | - Michael Henderson
- Department of MedicineUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth Carolina
| | - Patrick Ellsworth
- Department of MedicineUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth Carolina
| | | | - Elena Campello
- Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases UnitDepartment of MedicineUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Shannon Meeks
- Department of PediatricsEmory UniversityAflac Cancer and Blood Disorders CenterChildren’s Healthcare of AtlantaAtlantaGeorgia
| | - Amy Dunn
- Nationwide Children’s HospitalColumbusOhio
| | - Myung S. Park
- Trauma, Critical Care and General SurgeryMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
| | - Rafal Pawlinski
- Department of MedicineUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth Carolina
| | - Paolo Simioni
- Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases UnitDepartment of MedicineUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Amy Shapiro
- Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis CenterIndianapolisIndiana
| | - Nigel S. Key
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth Carolina
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Saito T, Hayakawa M, Honma Y, Mizugaki A, Yoshida T, Katabami K, Wada T, Maekawa K. Relationship Between Severity of Fibrinolysis Based on Rotational Thromboelastometry and Conventional Fibrinolysis Markers. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2020; 26:1076029620933003. [PMID: 32571089 PMCID: PMC7427038 DOI: 10.1177/1076029620933003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between severity of fibrinolysis, ascertained by rotational thromboelastometry to diagnose hyperfibrinolysis in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), and conventional fibrinolysis markers (ie, tissue-plasminogen activator [t-PA], plasminogen, α2-plasmin inhibitor [α2-PI], and plasminogen activator inhibitor [PAI]) with key roles in the fibrinolytic system was investigated. This prospective observational study included 5 healthy volunteers and 35 patients with OHCA from the Hokkaido University Hospital. Blood samples were drawn immediately upon admission to the emergency department. Assessments of the extrinsic pathway using tissue factor activation (EXTEM) and of fibrinolysis by comparison with EXTEM after aprotinin addition (APTEM) were undertaken. Conventional coagulation and fibrinolysis markers were measured in the stored plasma samples. Significant hyperfibrinolysis observed in EXTEM disappeared in APTEM. Patients exhibited significantly higher levels of fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products, plasmin–α2-PI complex, and t-PA but lower levels of fibrinogen, plasminogen, and α2-PI than healthy controls. The PAI level was unchanged. Fibrinolytic parameters of EXTEM correlated with levels of lactate and conventional fibrinolysis markers, especially t-PA. Increased t-PA activity and decreased plasminogen and α2-PI significantly correlated with increased severity of fibrinolysis (hyperfibrinolysis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyo Saito
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mineji Hayakawa
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Honma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Asumi Mizugaki
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomonao Yoshida
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Katabami
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Wada
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Maekawa
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
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Zoia A, Drigo M, Piek CJ, Calcini H, Caldin M, Simioni P. Enhanced fibrinolysis detection in a natural occurring canine model with intracavitary effusions: Comparison and degree of agreement between thromboelastometry and FDPs, D-dimer and fibrinogen concentrations. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225089. [PMID: 31725761 PMCID: PMC6855488 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dogs with intracavitary effusion have coagulative abnormalities indicative of primary fibrinolysis/hyperfibrinolysis. The aim of this case control study was to investigate by rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) and standard coagulation tests (fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products, D-dimer and fibrinogen) fibrinolysis in dogs with intracavitary effusions. Thirty-two dogs with intracavitary effusion and 32 control sick dogs without effusion were studied. Frequency of fibrinolysis grade of severity (i.e., hypofibrinolysis/basal fibrinolysis vs increased fibrinolysis vs hyperfibrinolysis) by ROTEM and standard coagulation tests were compared between groups. Pattern of fibrinolysis by ROTEM (i.e., late vs intermediate vs fulminant) and type of fibrinolysis by standard coagulation tests (i.e., hypofibrinolysis/basal fibrinolysis vs primary fibrinolysis vs secondary fibrinolysis vs primary hyperfibrinolysis vs secondary hyperfibrinolysis) were also compared between groups. Dogs with intracavitary effusion had a lesser degree of hypofibrinolysis and basal fibrinolysis and a higher degree of increased fibrinolysis and hyperfibrinolysis compared to controls, both by ROTEM and by standard coagulation tests (P = 0.042 and P = 0.017, respectively). Nevertheless, there was a poor agreement between the two classification schemes (34.4%, K = 0.06, 95% CI = -0.14 ‒ +0.26). Dogs with intracavitary effusion showed, by ROTEM, a lesser degree of hypofibrinolysis and basal fibrinolysis and a higher degree of late, intermediate, and fulminant fibrinolysis compared to controls (P = 0.044). Finally, dogs with intracavitary effusion had, by standard coagulation tests, a higher frequency of primary fibrinolysis and primary hyperfibrinolysis and a lower frequency of secondary fibrinolysis compared to controls. Dogs with intracavitary effusion showed an increased frequency and a different and more severe pattern of fibrinolysis compared to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zoia
- Division of Internal Medicine, San Marco Veterinary Clinic, Padua, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Michele Drigo
- Department of Medicina Animale, Produzione e Salute, Padua University, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Christine J. Piek
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Helena Calcini
- Division of Internal Medicine, San Marco Veterinary Clinic, Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Caldin
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Laboratorio d’Analisi Veterinarie San Marco, Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Simioni
- Department of Cardiologic, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy
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Comments on article "Discrepancies between conventional and viscoelastic assays in identifying trauma induced coagulopathy". Am J Surg 2019; 218:1033-1034. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objectives: Recent data suggest that early increased fibrinolysis may be associated with unfavorable prognosis in cardiac arrest. The current study aimed to assess whether there is an optimal fibrinolysis cutoff value as determined by thrombelastometry at hospital admission to predict poor outcome in a cohort of adult patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Design: Prospective observational cohort study. Setting: Emergency department of a 2.100-bed tertiary care facility in Vienna, Austria, Europe. Patients: Patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest of presumed cardiac origin, subjected to targeted temperature management, who had achieved return of spontaneous circulation at admission were analyzed. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: Fibrinolysis was assessed by thrombelastometry at the bedside immediately after hospital admission and is given as maximum lysis (%). The outcome measure was the optimal cutoff for maximum lysis at hospital admission to predict poor outcome (a composite of Cerebral Performance Category 3–5 or death) at day 30, assessed by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Seventy-eight patients (61% male, median 59 yr) were included in the study from March 2014 to March 2017. Forty-two patients (54%) had a poor 30-day outcome including 23 nonsurvivors (30%). The maximum lysis cutoff at admission predicting poor 30-day outcome with 100% specificity (95% CI, 90–100%) was greater than or equal to 20%. Tissue-type plasminogen activator antigen levels were likewise elevated in patients with poor neurologic outcome or death 52 ng/mL (interquartile range, 26–79 ng/mL) versus 29 ng/mL (interquartile range, 17–49 ng/mL; p = 0.036). Conclusions: Increased fibrinolysis at admission assessed by thrombelastometry specifically predicts poor outcome in cardiac arrest with presumed cardiac etiology.
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Schmidt AE, Israel AK, Refaai MA. The Utility of Thromboelastography to Guide Blood Product Transfusion. Am J Clin Pathol 2019; 152:407-422. [PMID: 31263903 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqz074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To provide an overview of the clot viscoelastic testing technology and to describe its utility in guiding blood product transfusions. METHODS A case scenario will be discussed as well as interpretation of thromboelastography (TEG) tracings. In addition, literature examining the utility of viscoelastic testing in guiding patient management and blood product transfusions will be reviewed. RESULTS TEG/rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) is useful in evaluating clot kinetics in trauma and acutely bleeding patients. TEG/ROTEM parameters are reflective of values measured using standard coagulation assays; however, TEG/ROTEM parameters are more rapidly available and more costly. TEG and ROTEM are used in three main settings: cardiac surgery, liver transplantation, and trauma to assess global hemostasis and administration of blood products. CONCLUSIONS TEG/ROTEM can be helpful in guiding resuscitation and blood product transfusion. Several studies have demonstrated a reduction in transfusion of blood components with TEG/ROTEM; however, other studies have suggested that TEG/ROTEM is not clinically effective in guiding transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Schmidt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Anna Karolina Israel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Majed A Refaai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
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Peng HT, Nascimento B, Tien H, Callum J, Rizoli S, Rhind SG, Beckett A. A comparative study of viscoelastic hemostatic assays and conventional coagulation tests in trauma patients receiving fibrinogen concentrate. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 495:253-262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Guan Z, Zhang YJ, Liu L, Shen X, Gao YF, Li XG, Zhou RS, Liu JJ. The association of preoperative atrial fibrillation with post-cardiopulmonary bypass hyperfibrinolysis in rheumatic valvular heart disease patients. Heart Lung 2019; 48:515-518. [PMID: 31146967 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the fibrinolytic status after cardiopulmonary bypass in rheumatic valvular heart disease patients, and detect the associated factors of post-cardiopulmonary bypass hyperfibrinolysis. METHODS According to the fibrinolytic status after cardiopulmonary bypass, 203 rheumatic valvular heart disease patients were divided into two groups: hyperfibrinolysis group (H group, n = 78) and non-hyperfibrinolysis group (NH group, n = 125). The demographic characteristics, operative variables, and postoperative follow-ups were compared between these two groups. RESULTS The incidence of hyperfibrinolysis was 38.4% after cardiopulmonary bypass. Patients in the H group had a significant higher incidence of preoperative atrial fibrillation than patients in the NH group (92.3% vs. 55.2%, P < 0.01). Furthermore, postoperative daily drainage (655.3 ± 131.5 ml vs. 535.4 ± 161.4 ml, P < 0.01), transfusion volume of fresh frozen plasma (621.8 ± 220.2 ml vs. 455.2 ± 208.5 ml, P < 0.01), and red blood cells (5.9 ± 2.2 u vs. 4.7 ± 2.8 u, P < 0.01) was greater in the H group than in the NH group. Moreover, the logistic regression analysis revealed that preoperative atrial fibrillation was associated with post-cardiopulmonary bypass hyperfibrinolysis (OR = 19.691, 95% CI = 6.849-56.612; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Preoperative artial fibrillation is associated with post-cardiopulmonary bypass hyperfibrinolysis in rheumatic valvular heart disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Guan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yong-Jian Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xin Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yan-Feng Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xiao-Gang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Rong-Sheng Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jing-Jie Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China.
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Spahn DR, Bouillon B, Cerny V, Duranteau J, Filipescu D, Hunt BJ, Komadina R, Maegele M, Nardi G, Riddez L, Samama CM, Vincent JL, Rossaint R. The European guideline on management of major bleeding and coagulopathy following trauma: fifth edition. Crit Care 2019; 23:98. [PMID: 30917843 PMCID: PMC6436241 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-019-2347-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 695] [Impact Index Per Article: 139.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe traumatic injury continues to present challenges to healthcare systems around the world, and post-traumatic bleeding remains a leading cause of potentially preventable death among injured patients. Now in its fifth edition, this document aims to provide guidance on the management of major bleeding and coagulopathy following traumatic injury and encourages adaptation of the guiding principles described here to individual institutional circumstances and resources. METHODS The pan-European, multidisciplinary Task Force for Advanced Bleeding Care in Trauma was founded in 2004, and the current author group included representatives of six relevant European professional societies. The group applied a structured, evidence-based consensus approach to address scientific queries that served as the basis for each recommendation and supporting rationale. Expert opinion and current clinical practice were also considered, particularly in areas in which randomised clinical trials have not or cannot be performed. Existing recommendations were re-examined and revised based on scientific evidence that has emerged since the previous edition and observed shifts in clinical practice. New recommendations were formulated to reflect current clinical concerns and areas in which new research data have been generated. RESULTS Advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of post-traumatic coagulopathy have supported improved management strategies, including evidence that early, individualised goal-directed treatment improves the outcome of severely injured patients. The overall organisation of the current guideline has been designed to reflect the clinical decision-making process along the patient pathway in an approximate temporal sequence. Recommendations are grouped behind the rationale for key decision points, which are patient- or problem-oriented rather than related to specific treatment modalities. While these recommendations provide guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of major bleeding and coagulopathy, emerging evidence supports the author group's belief that the greatest outcome improvement can be achieved through education and the establishment of and adherence to local clinical management algorithms. CONCLUSIONS A multidisciplinary approach and adherence to evidence-based guidance are key to improving patient outcomes. If incorporated into local practice, these clinical practice guidelines have the potential to ensure a uniform standard of care across Europe and beyond and better outcomes for the severely bleeding trauma patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donat R. Spahn
- Institute of Anaesthesiology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bertil Bouillon
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Cologne-Merheim Medical Centre (CMMC), University of Witten/Herdecke, Ostmerheimer Strasse 200, D-51109 Cologne, Germany
| | - Vladimir Cerny
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, J.E. Purkinje University, Masaryk Hospital, Usti nad Labem, Socialni pece 3316/12A, CZ-40113 Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
- Centre for Research and Development, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, Sokolska 581, CZ-50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Simkova 870, CZ-50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Anaesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, QE II Health Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, 10 West Victoria, 1276 South Park St, Halifax, NS B3H 2Y9 Canada
| | - Jacques Duranteau
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, University of Paris XI, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, 78 rue du Général Leclerc, F-94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre Cedex, France
| | - Daniela Filipescu
- Department of Cardiac Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, C. C. Iliescu Emergency Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sos Fundeni 256-258, RO-022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Beverley J. Hunt
- King’s College and Departments of Haematology and Pathology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH UK
| | - Radko Komadina
- Department of Traumatology, General and Teaching Hospital Celje, Medical Faculty Ljubljana University, SI-3000 Celje, Slovenia
| | - Marc Maegele
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Cologne-Merheim Medical Centre (CMMC), Institute for Research in Operative Medicine (IFOM), University of Witten/Herdecke, Ostmerheimer Strasse 200, D-51109 Cologne, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Nardi
- Department of Anaesthesia and ICU, AUSL della Romagna, Infermi Hospital Rimini, Viale Settembrini, 2, I-47924 Rimini, Italy
| | - Louis Riddez
- Department of Surgery and Trauma, Karolinska University Hospital, S-171 76 Solna, Sweden
| | - Charles-Marc Samama
- Hotel-Dieu University Hospital, 1, place du Parvis de Notre-Dame, F-75181 Paris Cedex 04, France
| | - Jean-Louis Vincent
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rolf Rossaint
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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Blaine KP, Steurer MP. Viscoelastic Monitoring to Guide the Correction of Perioperative Coagulopathy and Massive Transfusion in Patients with Life-Threatening Hemorrhage. Anesthesiol Clin 2018; 37:51-66. [PMID: 30711233 DOI: 10.1016/j.anclin.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The resuscitation of patients with traumatic hemorrhage remains a challenging clinical scenario. The appropriate and aggressive support of the patient's coagulation is of critical importance. Conventional coagulation assays present several shortcomings in this setting. The integration of viscoelastic monitoring in clinical practice has the potential to result in significant improvements. In order to be successful, the provider must understand basics of the methodology, read outs, and the limitations of the technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Blaine
- Department of Anesthesiology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 1450 San Pablo Street, HC4 Suite 3600, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Trauma Anesthesiology Society, Inc, 1001 Fannin St Ste 3700, Houston, TX 77002-6785, USA.
| | - Marc P Steurer
- Trauma Anesthesiology Society, Inc, 1001 Fannin St Ste 3700, Houston, TX 77002-6785, USA; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, UCSF School of Medicine, 1001 Potrero Avenue, Building 5, Room 3C-38, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
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Caspers M, Maegele M, Fröhlich M. Current strategies for hemostatic control in acute trauma hemorrhage and trauma-induced coagulopathy. Expert Rev Hematol 2018; 11:987-995. [PMID: 30433835 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2018.1548929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Despite advances in the treatment of severely injured patients that have resulted in overall improved outcomes, uncontrolled hemorrhage still represents the most common cause of preventable death following major injury. While addressing both endo- and exogenous factors that lead to an acute trauma-induced coagulopathy, massive transfusion plays a key role in managing bleeding trauma patients. However, the best practice for hemostatic control including massive transfusion in these patients is still under debate. Areas covered: This review summarizes the current knowledge and clinical practice for hemostatic control including massive transfusion for bleeding trauma patients. The recent literature was reviewed and extended by current guidelines and their underlying evidence was incorporated. Expert commentary: Treatment strategies for bleeding trauma patients are still an area of emerging scientific and clinical interest as advances are likely to translate into improved outcomes including survival. To date, damage control resuscitation principles with ratio-based transfusion of packed red blood cells, plasma and platelets still dominate as "gold standard" of care but goal-directed strategies guided either by conventional coagulation tests or viscoelastic assays may demonstrate a better characterization of the underlying coagulopathy thereby allowing individualized and targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Caspers
- a The Institute for Research in Operative Medicine, Faculty of Health, Department of Medicine , Witten/Herdecke University , Cologne , Germany.,b Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Surgery, Cologne-Merheim Medical Centre (CMMC) , Witten/Herdecke University , Cologne , Germany
| | - Marc Maegele
- a The Institute for Research in Operative Medicine, Faculty of Health, Department of Medicine , Witten/Herdecke University , Cologne , Germany.,b Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Surgery, Cologne-Merheim Medical Centre (CMMC) , Witten/Herdecke University , Cologne , Germany
| | - Matthias Fröhlich
- b Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Surgery, Cologne-Merheim Medical Centre (CMMC) , Witten/Herdecke University , Cologne , Germany
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Gomez-Builes JC, Acuna SA, Nascimento B, Madotto F, Rizoli SB. Harmful or Physiologic: Diagnosing Fibrinolysis Shutdown in a Trauma Cohort With Rotational Thromboelastometry. Anesth Analg 2018; 127:840-849. [PMID: 29683829 PMCID: PMC6135473 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000003341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite its central role in early trauma coagulopathy, abnormal fibrinolysis continues to be poorly understood. Excessive fibrinolysis is a known contributor to mortality. Recent studies with thromboelastography (TEG) suggest decreased fibrinolysis (or shutdown) may be just as harmful. Considering the broad use of 2 different viscoelastic assays, which are not interchangeable, we proposed for the first time to define and characterize fibrinolysis shutdown using rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM). METHODS Retrospective cohort study of severely injured patients with admission ROTEM. Shutdown was defined by the best Youden index value of the maximum lysis. Fibrinolysis phenotypes were physiologic, hyperfibrinolysis, and shutdown. Multivariable logistic regression evaluated association between Injury Severity Score and the fibrinolysis phenotypes, and the association among shutdown phenotype with mortality, blood transfusion, and thrombotic events. RESULTS Five hundred fifty patients were included. Maximum lysis <3.5% was selected to define shutdown. Predominant phenotype was physiologic (70.7%), followed by shutdown (25.6%) and hyperfibrinolysis (3.6%). Shutdown patients had higher Injury Severity Score, lower base excess, and required more transfusions than physiologic group. Shutdown was associated with acidosis (base excess: odds ratio [OR] for a 1 mEq/L increase, 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88-0.98; P = .0094) and the combination of clotting derangements, higher clot firmness (maximum clot formation: OR for a 2 mm increase, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.5-2.27; P < .0001), lower fibrinogen (OR for a 0.5 g/dL decrease, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.18-1.84; P = .0006), and poor clot formation dynamics (clot formation time: OR for a 5 seconds increase, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.15-1.36; P < .0001). Fibrinolysis shutdown was not independently associated with mortality (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.28-1.33; P = .21), massive transfusion (OR, 2.14; 95% CI, 0.79-5.74; P = .1308), or thrombotic events (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.37-3.15; P = .874). Shutdown was associated with increased 24-hour transfusion (OR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.24-4.04; P = .007). CONCLUSIONS Despite higher injury burden, evidence of shock, and greater need for blood transfusions, early fibrinolysis shutdown was not associated with mortality, suggesting that it could represent an adaptive physiologic response to life-threatening trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Carolina Gomez-Builes
- From the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sergio A. Acuna
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bartolomeu Nascimento
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fabiana Madotto
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center on Public Health, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Sandro B. Rizoli
- From the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Kim JS, Wang IJ, Yeom SR, Cho SJ, Kim JH, Seok JP, Lee SH, Bae BG, Min MK. Usefulness of Rotational Thromboelastometry as a Mortality Predictor of Hyperfibrinolysis in Patients with Severe Trauma. Acute Crit Care 2018; 33:162-169. [PMID: 31723880 PMCID: PMC6786692 DOI: 10.4266/acc.2018.00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hemorrhage is the major cause of traumatic death and the leading cause of preventable death. Hyperfibrinolysis is associated with trauma severity. Viscoelastic hemostatic assays show complete clot formation dynamics. The present study was designed to identify the relationship between hyperfibrinolysis and mortality, metabolic acidosis, and coagulopathy in patients with trauma. Methods Patients with severe trauma (injury severity score [ISS] of 15 or higher) who were assessed using rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) were included in the present study from January 2017 to December 2017. Variables were obtained from the Korea Trauma Database or the medical charts of the patients. To identify whether hyperfibrinolysis is an independent predictor of mortality, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed. Results During the 1-year study period, 190 patients were enrolled. In total, 21 (11.1%) had hyperfibrinolysis according to the ROTEM analysis and 46 (24.2%) died. Patients with hyperfibrinolysis had a higher ISS (P=0.014) and mortality rate (P<0.001) than did those without hyperfibrinolysis. In multivariate Cox analysis, hyperfibrinolysis (hazard ratio [HR], 4.960; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.447 to 10.053), age (HR, 1.033; 95% CI, 1.013 to 1.055), lactic acid level (HR, 1.085; 95% CI, 1.003 to 1.173), and ISS (HR, 1.037; 95% CI, 1.004 to 1.071) were independent predictors of mortality. Conclusions Hyperfibrinolysis is associated with increased mortality, worse metabolic acidosis, and severe coagulopathy and is an independent predictor of mortality in patients with trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Soo Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Il Jae Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Seok Ran Yeom
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Suck Ju Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Jae Hun Kim
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - June Pill Seok
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Seong Hwa Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Byung Gwan Bae
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Mun Ki Min
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
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Boudreau RM, Deshpande KK, Day GM, Hinckley WR, Harger N, Pritts TA, Makley AT, Goodman MD. Prehospital Tranexamic Acid Administration During Aeromedical Transport After Injury. J Surg Res 2018; 233:132-138. [PMID: 30502239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tranexamic acid (TXA) has been shown to reduce mortality in the treatment of traumatic hemorrhage. This effect seems most profound when given early after injury. We hypothesized that extending a protocol for TXA administration into the prehospital aeromedical setting would improve outcomes while maintaining a similar safety profile to TXA dosed in the emergency department (ED). MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified all trauma patients who received TXA during prehospital aeromedical transport or in the ED at our urban level I trauma center over an 18-mo period. These patients had been selected prospectively for TXA administration using a protocol that selected adult trauma patients with high-risk mechanism and concern for severe hemorrhage to receive TXA. Patient demographics, vital signs, lab values including thromboelastography, blood administration, mortality, and complications were reviewed retrospectively and analyzed. RESULTS One hundred sixteen patients were identified (62 prehospital versus 54 ED). Prehospital TXA patients were more likely to have sustained blunt injury (76% prehospital versus 46% ED, P = 0.002). There were no differences between groups in injury severity score or initial vital signs. There were no differences in complication rates or mortality. Patients receiving TXA had higher rates of venous thromboembolic events (8.1% in prehospital and 18.5% in ED) than the overall trauma population (2.1%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Prehospital administration of TXA during aeromedical transport did not improve survival compared with ED administration. Treatment with TXA was associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolic events. Prehospital TXA protocols should be refined to identify patients with severe hemorrhagic shock or traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Boudreau
- Division of Trauma, Department of Surgery, Section of General Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - Gregory M Day
- UC Health, Memorial Hospital, Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Colorado Springs, Colorado
| | - William R Hinckley
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Nicole Harger
- Department of Pharmacy, UC Health, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Timothy A Pritts
- Division of Trauma, Department of Surgery, Section of General Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Amy T Makley
- Division of Trauma, Department of Surgery, Section of General Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Michael D Goodman
- Division of Trauma, Department of Surgery, Section of General Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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Akay OM. The Double Hazard of Bleeding and Thrombosis in Hemostasis From a Clinical Point of View: A Global Assessment by Rotational Thromboelastometry (ROTEM). Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2018; 24:850-858. [PMID: 29758989 PMCID: PMC6714726 DOI: 10.1177/1076029618772336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemostasis is a complex dynamic process involving bleeding and thrombosis as two end-points. Conventional coagulation tests which are measured in plasma examine only isolated portions of the coagulation cascade, thereby giving no information on important interactions essential to the clinical evaluation of hemostatic function. Thromboelastography (TEG), originally described in 1948 has improved over the decades and become a valuable tool of coagulation testing because of the limitations of standard coagulation tests. TEG is a technique that provides data about the entire coagulation system, from the beginning of clot formation to fibrinolysis, involving both cellular and plasma components of hemostasis. Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) which evolved from TEG technology overcome several limitations of classical TEG while maintaining a good correlation with conventional TEG determination. ROTEM analyses are useful for rapid assessment of global clotting function in various clinical situations including liver transplantation, cardiac surgery, obstetrics, trauma, hemophilia and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. ROTEM has been also reported to be useful in identifying various hypercoagulable conditions including major surgery, malignancy, Behcet’s disease and apheresis. Further developments in ROTEM based transfusion strategies may also reduce transfusion requirements and improve clinical outcomes by optimizing the administration of blood components. This is a literature review of ROTEM including its technique, interpretation and specially clinical applications in different scenarios of bleeding and thrombotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Meltem Akay
- 1 Department of Hematology, Koç University Medical School, İstanbul, Turkey
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41
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Kelly JM, Rizoli S, Veigas P, Hollands S, Min A. Using rotational thromboelastometry clot firmness at 5 minutes (ROTEM ® EXTEM A5) to predict massive transfusion and in-hospital mortality in trauma: a retrospective analysis of 1146 patients. Anaesthesia 2018; 73:1103-1109. [PMID: 29658985 PMCID: PMC6120456 DOI: 10.1111/anae.14297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Viscoelastic assays such as TEG® and ROTEM® are increasingly used to guide transfusion of blood products. The EXTEM assay maximum clot firmness (MCF) is a ROTEM measure available after 25–29 min used to guide early decisions. EXTEM A10, the clot firmness at 10 min, is an accepted early surrogate, but investigators differ on whether A5, the clot firmness at 5 min, is acceptable. We re‐examined this in a retrospective observational analysis of 1146 trauma patients in one centre who had ROTEM data recorded. A5 and A10 both correlated well with maximum clot firmness, with Pearson coefficients of r = 0.92 and r = 0.96, respectively. The correlations of A5, A10 and maximum clot firmness with requirement for massive transfusion were all similarly high, with c‐stats of 0.87, 0.89 and 0.90, respectively. The correlations with mortality were also similar but weaker, with c‐stats of 0.67, 0.69 and 0.69, respectively. Using a previously validated cut‐off of A5 < 35 mm to predict massive transfusion gave a sensitivity of 95%, specificity 83%, positive predictive value 9.3% and negative predictive value 100%. Using a value of A5 < 29 mm, for a pragmatic positive predictive value of 20%, gave a sensitivity of 67%, specificity 95% and negative predictive value 99%. Whether aiming for a high sensitivity or a strong predictive value, A5 was non‐inferior to A10 and actually missed fewer cases needing massive transfusion. A5 has similar utility to both A10 and maximum clot firmness as an early measure of clot firmness, and a low A5 value is strongly predictive of the need for massive transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Kelly
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Rizoli
- Trauma Department, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - P Veigas
- Trauma Department, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - S Hollands
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Studies, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - A Min
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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Jamwal KD, Sharma MK, Maiwall R, Sharma BK, Sarin SK. EUS-guided Gall Bladder Drainage in Severe Liver Disease: A Single-center Experience in Critically Ill Cirrhotics. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2018; 6:35-39. [PMID: 29577030 PMCID: PMC5862997 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2017.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Acute calculous cholecystitis with impending gall bladder perforation in severe liver diseases including decompensated cirrhosis and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is difficult to manage, due to the procedures such as cholecystectomy and per cutaneous cholecystostomy being associated with high risk and complications in these patients. Methods: Four cases of severe liver disease with acute calculous cholecystitis who presented to the Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences (New Delhi, India) for further management were included in the study if they underwent endoscopic ultrasound-guided gall bladder drainage (EUS-GBD). The patients were followed up for a minimum of 3 months and outcomes were recorded. Results: Four cases of severe liver disease (three ACLF and one decompensated cirrhosis), with model for end-stage liver disease scores of 24, 26, 23 and 25 respectively, presented with acute calculous cholecystitis (Tokyo grade III) and systemic sepsis (high total leukocyte counts). Their international normalized ratios were 2.3, 2.6, 2.2 and 2.9 respectively, and two were in shock, requiring inotropes at presentation. Ultrasonography of the abdomen confirmed hugely distended gall bladder with stone impacted at the neck and moderate ascites. All these cases underwent EUS-GBD by linear echo endoscope, and had the gastric wall punctured in the antrum using a 19G access needle followed by dilatation of the tract using controlled radial expansion balloon and Sohendra dilator. In three cases, the plastic stents were placed. In the fourth case, a Nagi stent was placed. All the patients recovered and were discharged within a week. Conclusions: EUS-GBD is challenging in severe liver disease but represents a life-saving procedure, and hence can be attempted in such critically ill patients with utmost care and precaution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Dev Jamwal
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, D1, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence to: Kapil Dev Jamwal and Manoj Kumar Sharma, Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, D1, near Heritage School, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi 110070, India. Tel: +91-11-46300000, Fax: +91-11-4600025, E-mail: (KDJ), (MKS)
| | - Manoj Kumar Sharma
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, D1, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence to: Kapil Dev Jamwal and Manoj Kumar Sharma, Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, D1, near Heritage School, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi 110070, India. Tel: +91-11-46300000, Fax: +91-11-4600025, E-mail: (KDJ), (MKS)
| | - Rakhi Maiwall
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, D1, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, India
| | - Barjesh Kumar Sharma
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, D1, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, India
| | - Shiv Kumar Sarin
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, D1, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, India
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Grassin-Delyle S, Theusinger OM, Albrecht R, Mueller S, Spahn DR, Urien S, Stein P. Optimisation of the dosage of tranexamic acid in trauma patients with population pharmacokinetic analysis. Anaesthesia 2018; 73:719-729. [DOI: 10.1111/anae.14184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Grassin-Delyle
- Plateforme de spectrométrie de masse MasSpecLab; INSERM; UMR 1173; UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil; Université Versailles Saint Quentin; Université Paris Saclay; Montigny le Bretonneux France
- Département des maladies respiratoires; Hôpital Foch; Suresnes France
| | - O. M. Theusinger
- Department of Anaesthesiology; University Hospital Balgrist and University Hospital of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - R. Albrecht
- Swiss Air-Ambulance Rega (Rettungsflugwacht/Garde Aérienne); Zurich Switzerland
| | - S. Mueller
- Schutz und Rettung Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - D. R. Spahn
- Institute of Anesthesiology; University and University Hospital of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - S. Urien
- CIC-0901 Inserm Necker-Cochin; URC Paris Centre; AP-HP; Paris France
- EA-3620 Université Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité France
| | - P. Stein
- Swiss Air-Ambulance Rega (Rettungsflugwacht/Garde Aérienne); Zurich Switzerland
- Institute of Anesthesiology; University and University Hospital of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
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Howley IW, Haut ER, Jacobs L, Morrison JJ, Scalea TM. Is thromboelastography (TEG)-based resuscitation better than empirical 1:1 transfusion? Trauma Surg Acute Care Open 2018; 3:e000140. [PMID: 29766129 PMCID: PMC5887764 DOI: 10.1136/tsaco-2017-000140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Thomboelastography (TEG) is a whole blood measure of coagulation which was originally described in the 1950s. However, it has only been in the last few decades that assays have become accessible and viable as a point-of-care test. Following the observation that hemorrhagic shock is associated with an intrinsic coagulopathy, TEG has been used as a method of diagnosing specific coagulation defects in order to direct individualized blood products resuscitation. An alternative transfusion strategy is the administration of fixed ratio products, a paradigm borne out of military experience. It is unknown which strategy is superior and this topic was debated at the 36th Annual Point/Counterpoint Acute Care Surgery Conference. The following article summarizes the discussants points of view along with a summary of the evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac W Howley
- R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elliott R Haut
- Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lenwoth Jacobs
- Department of Traumatology and Emergency Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jonathan J Morrison
- R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas M Scalea
- R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Kaserer A, Casutt M, Sprengel K, Seifert B, Spahn DR, Stein P. Comparison of two different coagulation algorithms on the use of allogenic blood products and coagulation factors in severely injured trauma patients: a retrospective, multicentre, observational study. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2018; 26:4. [PMID: 29310686 PMCID: PMC5759800 DOI: 10.1186/s13049-017-0463-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background At the University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and the Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne (LUKS) an individualized goal-directed coagulation and transfusion algorithm was introduced and implemented before 2012 (Coagulation algorithm of the USZ: USZ-Alg; of the LUKS: LUKS-Alg). Main differences between both algorithms are: 1) A target haematocrit-range of 0.21–0.24 (USZ-Alg) vs. a lower haematocrit limit only (LUKS-Alg). 2) Blind coagulation-package in selected cases (LUKS-Alg only). 3) Factor XIII substitution is considered earlier according to the USZ-Alg. The Aim of this study was to analyse the impact of two different coagulation algorithms on the administration of allogeneic blood products, coagulation factors, the frequency of point of care measurements and haemoglobin level during resuscitation in trauma patients. Methods This retrospective, multicentre, observational study included all adult trauma patients with an injury severity score (ISS) ≥ 16 primarily admitted to the USZ or the LUKS in the period of 2012 to 2014. Referred patients and patients with missing/incomplete records of the initial treatment at the emergency department (ED) were excluded. Two propensity score matched groups were created using a non-parsimonious logistic regression to account for potential differences in patient and trauma epidemiology. Results A total of 632 patients meeting the inclusion criteria were admitted to the two hospitals: 428 to the USZ and 204 to the LUKS. Two Propensity score matched groups (n = 172 per group) were created. Treatment with USZ-Alg compared with LUKS-Alg resulted in a lower number of patients receiving RBC transfusion (11.6% vs. 29.7%, OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.8–5.7, p < 0.001) and lower amount of RBC transfusion (0.5 SD 1.9 vs. 1.5 SD 3.9, p < 0.001). The different treatment algorithms resulted in lower mean haemoglobin levels in the USZ during resuscitation (8.0 SD 1.7 vs. 9.4 SD 1.8 g/dl, p < 0.001) and at admission to the ICU (8.3 SD 1.2 vs. 10.6 SD 1.9 g/dl, p < 0.001. Blood gas analyses to monitor treatment and haematocrit were made more frequently in the USZ (1.4 SD 0.8 vs. 1.0 SD 0.7 measurements per hour, p = 0.004). Conclusion A goal-directed coagulation algorithm including a target haematocrit-range including frequent and repeated haematocrit measurement may lead to less transfusion of RBC compared to only a lower haematocrit limit, when treating severely traumatized patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13049-017-0463-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kaserer
- Institute of Anaesthesiology, University and University Hospital Zürich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Mattias Casutt
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Spitalstrasse 16, 6000, Luzern, Switzerland
| | - Kai Sprengel
- Department of Traumatology, University and University Hospital Zürich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Burkhardt Seifert
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Donat R Spahn
- Institute of Anaesthesiology, University and University Hospital Zürich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Stein
- Institute of Anaesthesiology, University and University Hospital Zürich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
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Duchesne J, Majoue C, Duke M, Robledo R, Achord C, Mchale L, Davis B, Nahapetyan L. Impact of Trauma-Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists Team on Intra-Operative Resuscitation and Postoperative Outcomes of Trauma Patients. Am Surg 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/000313481808400128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A Trauma Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists Team (TCT) was created and trained to provide trauma-focused anesthesia and resuscitation. The purpose of this study was to examine patient outcomes after implementation of TCT. We conducted retrospective analyses of trauma patients managed with surgical intervention from March to December 2015. During the first five months, patients managed before the development of TCT were grouped No-TCT, patients managed after were grouped TCT. To assess outcomes, we used hospital and intensive care unit length of stay, ventilator days, and a validated 10-point intraoperative Apgar score (IOAS). IOAS is calculated using the estimated blood loss, lowest heart rate, and lowest mean arterial pressure during surgery. Higher IOAS are associated with significantly decreased complications and mortality after surgery. We used t test and nonparametric tests for analyses. Fifty two patients were included (mean age 39 years, 75% male; 46.2% managed with TCT). Patients in the No-TCT group had significantly lower use of vasopressors (0.019), lower mean IOAS ( P = 0.02), and spent more days on ventilator ( P = 0.005) than patients in the TCT. These results suggest that trauma centers should take into consideration implementation of TCT to improve intraoperative and overall outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Duchesne
- Trauma Medical Director, Louisiana COT Chair, North Oaks Shock Trauma, ACS Verified Level II Trauma Center, Hammond, Louisiana
| | - Chad Majoue
- CRNA at the North Oaks Health System, Hammond, Louisiana
| | - Marquinn Duke
- Trauma surgeon at the North Oaks Shock Trauma Center, Hammond, Louisiana
| | - Rosemarie Robledo
- Trauma surgeon at the North Oaks Shock Trauma Center, Hammond, Louisiana
| | - Chad Achord
- CRNA at the North Oaks Health System, Hammond, Louisiana
| | - Leslie Mchale
- Medical Student at Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Brandy Davis
- Grant and Research Coordinator, North Oaks Shock Trauma Center, Hammond, Louisiana
| | - Lusine Nahapetyan
- Assistant Professor, Kinesiology and Health Studies, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana
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Schlimp CJ, Schöchl H. The role of fibrinogen in trauma-induced coagulopathy. Hamostaseologie 2017; 34:29-39. [DOI: 10.5482/hamo-13-07-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SummaryFibrinogen plays an essential role in clot formation and stability. Importantly it seems to be the most vulnerable coagulation factor, reaching critical levels earlier than the others during the course of severe injury. A variety of causes of fibrinogen depletion in major trauma have been identified, such as blood loss, dilution, consumption, hyperfibrinolysis, hypothermia and acidosis. Low concentrations of fibrinogen are associated with an increased risk of diffuse microvascular bleeding. Therefore, repeated measurements of plasma fibrinogen concentration are strongly recommended in trauma patients with major bleeding. Recent guidelines recommend maintaining plasma fibrinogen concentration at 1.5–2 g/l in coagulopathic patients. It has been shown that early fibrinogen substitution is associated with improved outcome.
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Campello E, Farina F, Spiezia L, Maggiolo S, Palmieri A, Sartorello F, Baracchini C, Simioni P. Thromboelastometry profiles in patients undergoing thrombolytic therapy for acute ischaemic stroke. Thromb Haemost 2017; 115:1231-4. [DOI: 10.1160/th15-10-0798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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