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Liu MK, Chen XY, Tang JJ, Liu ZP, Lin GY, Cai JL, Chen ZM, Yan YY, Ji XF, Yang ZJ, Li Z. Artemisitene shows superiority over artemisinin in preventing Schistosoma japonica-induced liver disease. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:342. [PMID: 39148111 PMCID: PMC11328484 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06426-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artemisinin (ART) analogs, such as dihydroartemisinin, arteether, artemether, and artesunate, all featuring an endoperoxide bridge, have demonstrated efficacy against schistosomiasis. Artemisitene (ATT), which contains an additional α, β-unsaturated carbonyl structure, has shown enhanced biological activities. This study aims to evaluate the anti-schistosomaiasis japonica activity of ATT and compare it with ART. METHODS We assessed liver inflammation and fibrosis in mice using hematoxylin and eosin staining and Sirius red staining, respectively. RNA sequencing analyzed transcriptomics in female and male Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) adult worms and mice livers, with cytokine profiling and flow cytometry to study immune responses under ART or ATT treatment. RESULTS ATT exhibits a marked reduction in female S. japonicum adult worms and egg numbers, damaging the adult worms' surface. It also influences the transcription of genes related to cellular anatomical structures. Notably, ATT treatment resulted in significant reductions in liver granuloma size and collagen area, alongside lowering serum levels of glutamic pyruvic and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase more effectively than ART. Both ART and ATT markedly decreased neutrophil frequency in the liver and elevated eosinophil counts. However, only ATT treatment significantly reduced the M1/M2 and Th1/Th2 indices, indicating a pronounced shift in immune response profiles. ATT-affected host immunity correlated with the extent of liver fibrosis and the count of single males more strongly than ART. CONCLUSION ATT, as a novel preventive strategy for schistosomiasis japonica in mice, significantly outperforms ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ke Liu
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xu-Yang Chen
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Juan-Juan Tang
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Liu
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Gui-Ying Lin
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Jun-Ling Cai
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Zuo-Ming Chen
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yu-Yun Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Ji
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Zhong-Jin Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Zi Li
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
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Ghezellou P, von Bülow V, Luh D, Badin E, Albuquerque W, Roderfeld M, Roeb E, Grevelding CG, Spengler B. Schistosoma mansoni infection induces hepatic metallothionein and S100 protein expression alongside metabolic dysfunction in hamsters. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae104. [PMID: 38562583 PMCID: PMC10983833 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis, a widespread neglected tropical disease, presents a complex and multifaceted clinical-pathological profile. Using hamsters as final hosts, we dissected molecular events following Schistosoma mansoni infection in the liver-the organ most severely affected in schistosomiasis patients. Employing tandem mass tag-based proteomics, we studied alterations in the liver proteins in response to various infection modes and genders. We examined livers from female and male hamsters that were: noninfected (control), infected with either unisexual S. mansoni cercariae (single-sex) or both sexes (bisex). The infection induced up-regulation of proteins associated with immune response, cytoskeletal reorganization, and apoptotic signaling. Notably, S. mansoni egg deposition led to the down-regulation of liver factors linked to energy supply and metabolic processes. Gender-specific responses were observed, with male hamsters showing higher susceptibility, supported by more differentially expressed proteins than found in females. Of note, metallothionein-2 and S100a6 proteins exhibited substantial up-regulation in livers of both genders, suggesting their pivotal roles in the liver's injury response. Immunohistochemistry and real-time-qPCR confirmed strong up-regulation of metallothionein-2 expression in the cytoplasm and nucleus upon the infection. Similar findings were seen for S100a6, which localized around granulomas and portal tracts. We also observed perturbations in metabolic pathways, including down-regulation of enzymes involved in xenobiotic biotransformation, cellular energy metabolism, and lipid modulation. Furthermore, lipidomic analyses through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging identified extensive alterations, notably in cardiolipin and triacylglycerols, suggesting specific roles of lipids during pathogenesis. These findings provide unprecedented insights into the hepatic response to S. mansoni infection, shedding light on the complexity of liver pathology in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parviz Ghezellou
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Verena von Bülow
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - David Luh
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Elisa Badin
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Wendell Albuquerque
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Martin Roderfeld
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Elke Roeb
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Christoph G Grevelding
- Institute of Parasitology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Spengler
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Zumuk CP, Jones MK, Navarro S, Gray DJ, You H. Transmission-Blocking Vaccines against Schistosomiasis Japonica. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1707. [PMID: 38338980 PMCID: PMC10855202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Control of schistosomiasis japonica, endemic in Asia, including the Philippines, China, and Indonesia, is extremely challenging. Schistosoma japonicum is a highly pathogenic helminth parasite, with disease arising predominantly from an immune reaction to entrapped parasite eggs in tissues. Females of this species can generate 1000-2200 eggs per day, which is about 3- to 15-fold greater than the egg output of other schistosome species. Bovines (water buffalo and cattle) are the predominant definitive hosts and are estimated to generate up to 90% of parasite eggs released into the environment in rural endemic areas where these hosts and humans are present. Here, we highlight the necessity of developing veterinary transmission-blocking vaccines for bovines to better control the disease and review potential vaccine candidates. We also point out that the approach to producing efficacious transmission-blocking animal-based vaccines before moving on to human vaccines is crucial. This will result in effective and feasible public health outcomes in agreement with the One Health concept to achieve optimum health for people, animals, and the environment. Indeed, incorporating a veterinary-based transmission vaccine, coupled with interventions such as human mass drug administration, improved sanitation and hygiene, health education, and snail control, would be invaluable to eliminating zoonotic schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika P. Zumuk
- Infection and Inflammation Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; (C.P.Z.); (M.K.J.); (S.N.)
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Malcolm K. Jones
- Infection and Inflammation Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; (C.P.Z.); (M.K.J.); (S.N.)
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia
| | - Severine Navarro
- Infection and Inflammation Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; (C.P.Z.); (M.K.J.); (S.N.)
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
- Centre for Childhood Nutrition Research, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Darren J. Gray
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia;
| | - Hong You
- Infection and Inflammation Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; (C.P.Z.); (M.K.J.); (S.N.)
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia
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Li J, Zhang Y, Li H, Jiang J, Guo C, Zhou Z, Luo Y, Zhou C, Ming Y. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals a peripheral landscape of immune cells in Schistosomiasis japonica. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:356. [PMID: 37817226 PMCID: PMC10563327 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05975-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosomiasis, also known as bilharzia, is a devastating parasitic disease. This progressive and debilitating helminth disease is often associated with poverty and can lead to chronic poor health. Despite ongoing research, there is currently no effective vaccine for schistosomiasis, and praziquantel remains the only available treatment option. According to the progression of schistosomiasis, infections caused by schistosomes are classified into three distinct clinical phases: acute, chronic and advanced schistosomiasis. However, the underlying immune mechanism involved in the progression of schistosomiasis remains poorly understood. METHODS We employed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to profile the immune landscape of Schistosomiasis japonica infection based on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from a healthy control group (n = 4), chronic schistosomiasis group (n = 4) and advanced schistosomiasis group (n = 2). RESULTS Of 89,896 cells, 24 major cell clusters were ultimately included in our analysis. Neutrophils and NK/T cells accounted for the major proportion in the chronic group and the healthy group, and monocytes dominated in the advanced group. A preliminary study showed that NKT cells were increased in patients with schistosomiasis and that CXCR2 + NKT cells were proinflammatory cells. Plasma cells also accounted for a large proportion of B cells in the advanced group. MHC molecules in monocytes were notably lower in the advanced group than in the chronic group or the healthy control group. However, monocytes in the advanced group exhibited high expression of FOLR3 and CCR2. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study enhances our understanding of the immune mechanisms involved in schistosomiasis. It provides a transcriptional atlas of peripheral immune cells that may contribute to elimination of the disease. This preliminary study suggests that the increased presence of CCR2 + monocyte and CXCR2 + NKT cells might participate in the progression of schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Li
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Li
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chen Guo
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoqin Zhou
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yulin Luo
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yingzi Ming
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Fan Z, Sun X, Chen X, Liu H, Miao X, Guo Y, Xu Y, Li J, Zou X, Li Z. C-C motif chemokine CCL11 is a novel regulator and a potential therapeutic target in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100805. [PMID: 37555008 PMCID: PMC10404559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterised by accelerated lipid deposition, aberrant inflammation, and excessive extracellular matrix production in the liver. Short of effective intervention, NAFLD can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In the present study we investigated the involvement of the C-C motif ligand 11 (CCL11) in NAFLD pathogenesis. METHODS NAFLD was induced by feeding mice with a high-fat high-carbohydrate diet. CCL11 targeting was achieved by genetic deletion or pharmaceutical inhibition. The transcriptome was analysed using RNA-seq. RESULTS We report that CCL11 expression was activated at the transcription level by free fatty acids (palmitate) in hepatocytes. CCL11 knockdown attenuated whereas CCL11 treatment directly promoted production of pro-inflammatory/pro-lipogenic mediators in hepatocytes. Compared with wild-type littermates, CCL11 knockout mice displayed an ameliorated phenotype of NAFLD when fed a high-fat high-carbohydrate diet as evidenced by decelerated body weight gain, improved insulin sensitivity, dampened lipid accumulation, reduced immune cell infiltration, and weakened liver fibrosis. RNA-seq revealed that interferon regulatory factor 1 as a mediator of CCL11 induced changes in hepatocytes. Importantly, CCL11 neutralisation or antagonism mitigated NAFLD pathogenesis in mice. Finally, a positive correlation between CCL11 expression and NAFLD parameters was identified in human patients. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that CCL11 is a novel regulator of NAFLD and can be effectively targeted for NAFLD intervention. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) precedes cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In this paper we describe the regulatory role of CCL11, a C-C motif ligand chemokine, in NAFLD pathogenesis. Our data provide novel insights and translational potential for NAFLD intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Fan
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuelian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiulian Miao
- College of Life Sciences and Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yan Guo
- College of Life Sciences and Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Sciences and Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoping Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taikang Xianlin Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zilong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Sciences and Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
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Bayoumi AMA, Ismail MAM, Mahmoud SS, Soliman ASA, Mousa AMA, Yousof HASA. The potential curative and hepatoprotective effects of platelet rich plasma on liver fibrosis in Schistosoma mansoni experimentally infected mice. J Parasit Dis 2023; 47:349-362. [PMID: 37193508 PMCID: PMC10182195 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-023-01576-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Trapped Schistosoma mansoni eggs trigger fibrotic liver disease that can continue to liver cirrhosis and failure. This work evaluates the outcome of platelet rich plasma (PRP) on S. mansoni-induced liver fibrosis by intraperitoneal (IP) and intrahepatic (IH) routes with/without Praziquantel (PZQ) treatment. Swiss albino mice (n = 162) were divided into non-infected (n = 66) and infected (n = 96) groups, then subdivided into non-treated and treated subgroups with PRP(IP), PRP(IH) 6th and 10th weeks post-infection, PZQ, PZQ + PRP(IP) and PZQ + PRP(IH) 6th and 10th weeks post-infection. Effects of treatments were evaluated by parasitological, histopathological and Immunohistochemical assessments. In the early assessment (12th week post-infection) of infected-treated groups, the mean granuloma number showed significant reduction in groups treated with PZQ + PRP (IH) 10th week, PRP (IP), PZQ + PRP (IP) and PZQ + PRP (IH) 6th week (33.33%, 33%, 27.77% and 27.22%, respectively). Furthermore, the mean granuloma diameter showed significant reduction in groups treated with PRP (IH) 10th week and PZQ + PRP (IP) (24.17% and 15.5%, respectively). Also, the fibrotic index showed significant reduction in groups treated with PZQ + PRP (IP), PRP (IP) and PZQ + PRP (IH) 6th week (48.18%, 46.81% and 41.36%, respectively). Transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1) expression was in correlation with parasitological and histopathological results. Diminished TGF-β1 expression was mostly in infected groups treated with PZQ + PRP (IP), PZQ + PRP (IH) 6th week and PRP (IP) (88.63%, 88.63% and 77.27%, respectively). In the late assessment (14th week post-infection) of infected treated groups, TGF-β1expression was reduced in groups treated with PZQ, PRP (IH) 10th weeks, PRP (IP) (83.33%, 66.66%, 33.33% respectively). PRP showed promising anti-fibrotic effects on S. mansoni-induced liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angham M. A. Bayoumi
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Mousa A. M. Ismail
- Medical Parasitology Department, Kasr Al-Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Kasr Al-Ainy St, Cairo, 11562 Egypt
| | - Soheir S. Mahmoud
- Parasitology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Amr M. A. Mousa
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, October 6 University, 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - Hebat-Allah S. A. Yousof
- Medical Parasitology Department, Kasr Al-Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Kasr Al-Ainy St, Cairo, 11562 Egypt
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Ullah H, Tian Y, Arbab S, Li K, Khan MIU, Rahman SU, Qadeer A, Muhammad N, Suleman, Hassan IU. Circulatory microRNAs in helminthiases: Potent as diagnostics biomarker, its potential role and limitations. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1018872. [PMID: 36387413 PMCID: PMC9650547 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1018872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by helminths are responsible for severe public health problems and economic burden on continental scale. Well-timed and precise diagnosis of helminth infections is critical for taking by appropriate approaches for pathogen control. Circulating miRNAs are stable diagnostic tool for different diseases found in a variety of body fluid. As diagnostic biomarkers in infectious diseases, miRNAs detection in body fluids of helminth infected hosts is growing promptly. Uncovering miRNAs is a relatively new tool, used for early-stage detection of helminth infection from experimental or non-invasive clinical samples. miRNAs can be detected in body fluids such as serum, saliva, urine, and tissues of helminth infected host, mainly blood offering important benefits for diagnosis accurately. In this review, we discuss different characteristics of helminth parasite-derived circulating and EV miRNAs, supporting its potential uses in for helminth diagnosis and treatment efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanif Ullah
- West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yali Tian
- West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Safia Arbab
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ka Li
- West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Muhammad Inayat Ullah Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Sajid Ur Rahman
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Abdul Qadeer
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Nehaz Muhammad
- Department of Zoology, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Suleman
- Department of Zoology, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Inam Ul Hassan
- Department of Microbiology, Hazara University Manshera, Manshera, Pakistan
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Kadji Fassi JB, Boukeng Jatsa H, Membe Femoe U, Greigert V, Brunet J, Cannet C, Kenfack CM, Gipwe Feussom N, Tienga Nkondo E, Abou-Bacar A, Pfaff AW, Kamgang R, Kamtchouing P, Tchuem Tchuenté LA. Protein undernutrition reduces the efficacy of praziquantel in a murine model of Schistosoma mansoni infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010249. [PMID: 35839247 PMCID: PMC9328564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Undernutrition and schistosomiasis are public health problems and often occur in low and middle-income countries. Protein undernutrition can alter the host-parasite environment system and aggravate the course of schistosomiasis. This study aimed to assess the impact of a low-protein diet on the efficacy of praziquantel. Methodology/Principal findings Thirty-day-old mice were fed with a low-protein diet, and 40 days later, they were individually infected with fifty Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. A 28-day-treatment with praziquantel at 100 mg/kg for five consecutive days followed by distilled water begins on the 36th day post-infection. Mice were sacrificed on the 64th day post-infection. We determined the parasitological burden, liver and intestine histomorphometry, liver injury, and immunomodulation parameters. Praziquantel treatment of infected mice fed with a standard diet (IN-PZQ) resulted in a significant reduction of worm and egg burdens and a normalization of iron and calcium levels. The therapy also improved schistosomiasis-induced hepatopathy and oxidative stress. The anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities of praziquantel were also significant in these mice. When infected mice receiving the low-protein diet were treated with praziquantel (ILP-PZQ), the body weight loss and hepatomegaly were not alleviated, and the worm and liver egg burdens were significantly higher than those of IN-PZQ mice (P < 0.001). The treatment did not reduce the increased activities of ALT and γ-GGT, the high malondialdehyde concentration, and the liver granuloma volume. The iron and calcium levels were not ameliorated and differed from those of IN-PZQ mice (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05). Moreover, in these mice, praziquantel treatment did not reverse the high level of IL-5 and the low mRNA expression of CCL3/MIP-1α and CXCL-10/IP-10 induced by S. mansoni infection. Conclusion/Significance These results demonstrated that a low-protein diet reduced the schistosomicidal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities of praziquantel. Almost 90% of people requiring schistosomiasis preventive chemotherapy in 2018 lived in sub-Saharan Africa. Besides, 205.3 million children under five years suffer and die of undernutrition in low- and middle-income countries. The physiopathology of schistosomiasis mansoni involves liver damage, oxidative stress, and perturbation of the immune response. These disturbances are intensified by undernutrition. Praziquantel is used to treat schistosomiasis, but its efficacy on the comorbidity of S. mansoni infection and undernutrition has not been investigated. We conducted this study to assess the effectiveness of praziquantel on S. mansoni infection in mice fed with a low-protein diet. We recorded growth retardation, hepatomegaly, and high worm and egg burdens in mice fed with a low-protein diet and treated with PZQ. Moreover, the treatment did not reverse the liver function injury, oxidative stress, high iron level, and low calcium level. The proinflammatory cytokine IL-5 was still high, and the gene expression of some macrophage-associated chemokines was reduced. Therefore, this study demonstrated that in a murine model of a low-protein diet, the efficacy of praziquantel on S. mansoni infection was reduced. It also underlines the importance of targeting protein deficiency and malnutrition in populations living in schistosomiasis endemic areas for efficient disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Bertin Kadji Fassi
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Centre for Schistosomiasis and Parasitology, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Hermine Boukeng Jatsa
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Centre for Schistosomiasis and Parasitology, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- * E-mail:
| | - Ulrich Membe Femoe
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Centre for Schistosomiasis and Parasitology, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, Dynamic Host-Pathogen Interactions, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Valentin Greigert
- Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, Dynamic Host-Pathogen Interactions, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julie Brunet
- Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, Dynamic Host-Pathogen Interactions, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Catherine Cannet
- Laboratory of Histomorphometry, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christian Mérimé Kenfack
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Centre for Schistosomiasis and Parasitology, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Nestor Gipwe Feussom
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Centre for Schistosomiasis and Parasitology, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Emilienne Tienga Nkondo
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Centre for Schistosomiasis and Parasitology, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Ahmed Abou-Bacar
- Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, Dynamic Host-Pathogen Interactions, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alexander Wilhelm Pfaff
- Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, Dynamic Host-Pathogen Interactions, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - René Kamgang
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Pierre Kamtchouing
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Louis-Albert Tchuem Tchuenté
- Centre for Schistosomiasis and Parasitology, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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9
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Costain AH, Phythian-Adams AT, Colombo SAP, Marley AK, Owusu C, Cook PC, Brown SL, Webb LM, Lundie RJ, Smits HH, Berriman M, MacDonald AS. Dynamics of Host Immune Response Development During Schistosoma mansoni Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:906338. [PMID: 35958580 PMCID: PMC9362740 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.906338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a disease of global significance, with severity and pathology directly related to how the host responds to infection. The immunological narrative of schistosomiasis has been constructed through decades of study, with researchers often focussing on isolated time points, cell types and tissue sites of interest. However, the field currently lacks a comprehensive and up-to-date understanding of the immune trajectory of schistosomiasis over infection and across multiple tissue sites. We have defined schistosome-elicited immune responses at several distinct stages of the parasite lifecycle, in three tissue sites affected by infection: the liver, spleen, and mesenteric lymph nodes. Additionally, by performing RNA-seq on the livers of schistosome infected mice, we have generated novel transcriptomic insight into the development of schistosome-associated liver pathology and fibrosis across the breadth of infection. Through depletion of CD11c+ cells during peak stages of schistosome-driven inflammation, we have revealed a critical role for CD11c+ cells in the co-ordination and regulation of Th2 inflammation during infection. Our data provide an updated and high-resolution account of how host immune responses evolve over the course of murine schistosomiasis, underscoring the significance of CD11c+ cells in dictating host immunopathology against this important helminth infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice H Costain
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Alexander T Phythian-Adams
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano A P Colombo
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Angela K Marley
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Owusu
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Peter C Cook
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila L Brown
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren M Webb
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | - Hermelijn H Smits
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Matthew Berriman
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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10
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Ogongo P, Nyakundi RK, Chege GK, Ochola L. The Road to Elimination: Current State of Schistosomiasis Research and Progress Towards the End Game. Front Immunol 2022; 13:846108. [PMID: 35592327 PMCID: PMC9112563 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.846108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The new WHO Roadmap for Neglected Tropical Diseases targets the global elimination of schistosomiasis as a public health problem. To date, control strategies have focused on effective diagnostics, mass drug administration, complementary and integrative public health interventions. Non-mammalian intermediate hosts and other vertebrates promote transmission of schistosomiasis and have been utilized as experimental model systems. Experimental animal models that recapitulate schistosomiasis immunology, disease progression, and pathology observed in humans are important in testing and validation of control interventions. We discuss the pivotal value of these models in contributing to elimination of schistosomiasis. Treatment of schistosomiasis relies heavily on mass drug administration of praziquantel whose efficacy is comprised due to re-infections and experimental systems have revealed the inability to kill juvenile schistosomes. In terms of diagnosis, nonhuman primate models have demonstrated the low sensitivity of the gold standard Kato Katz smear technique. Antibody assays are valuable tools for evaluating efficacy of candidate vaccines, and sera from graded infection experiments are useful for evaluating diagnostic sensitivity of different targets. Lastly, the presence of Schistosomes can compromise the efficacy of vaccines to other infectious diseases and its elimination will benefit control programs of the other diseases. As the focus moves towards schistosomiasis elimination, it will be critical to integrate treatment, diagnostics, novel research tools such as sequencing, improved understanding of disease pathogenesis and utilization of experimental models to assist with evaluating performance of new approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Ogongo
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Primate Research, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ruth K Nyakundi
- Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Primate Research, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gerald K Chege
- Primate Unit & Delft Animal Centre, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lucy Ochola
- Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Primate Research, Nairobi, Kenya.,Department of Environmental Health, School of Behavioural and Lifestyle Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
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11
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Pathological and immunological evaluation of different regimens of praziquantel treatment in a mouse model of Schistosoma mansoni infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010382. [PMID: 35446855 PMCID: PMC9064093 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
One of the considerable challenges of schistosomiasis chemotherapy is the inefficacy of praziquantel (PZQ) at the initial phase of the infection. Immature schistosomes are not susceptible to PZQ at the curative dose. Here, we investigated the efficacy of different PZQ regimens administered during the initial stage of Schistosoma mansoni infection in mice.
Methodology/Principal findings
Two months-old mice were individually infected with 80 S. mansoni cercariae and divided into one infected-untreated control group (IC) and four PZQ-treated groups: PZQ at 100 mg/kg/day for five consecutive days (group PZQ1), PZQ at 100 mg/kg/day for 28 days (group PZQ2), PZQ at 18 mg/kg/day for 28 days (group PZQ3) and a single dose of PZQ at 500 mg/kg (group PZQ4). The treatment started on day one post-infection (p.i), and each group of mice was divided into two subgroups euthanized on day 36 or 56 p.i, respectively. We determined the mortality rate, the parasitological burden, the hepatic and intestinal granulomas, the serum levels of Th-1, Th-2, and Th-17 cytokines, and gene expression. The treatment led to a significant (p < 0.001) reduction of worm burden and egg counts in the intestine and liver in groups PZQ2 and PZQ3. On 56th day p.i, there was a significant reduction (p < 0.001) of the number and volume of the hepatic granulomas in groups PZQ2 and PZQ3 compared to group PZQ1 or PZQ4. Moreover, in group PZQ3, the serum levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-13, and IL-17 and their liver mRNA expressions were significantly reduced while IL-10 and TGF-β gene expression significantly increased. The highest mortality rate (81.25%) was recorded in group PZQ2.
Conclusion/Significance
This study revealed that the administration of PZQ at 18 mg/kg/day for 28 consecutive days was the optimal effective posology for treating S. mansoni infection at the initial stage in a murine model.
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12
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Sanches RCO, Mambelli F, Oliveira SC. Neutrophils and schistosomiasis: a missing piece in pathology. Parasite Immunol 2022; 44:e12916. [PMID: 35332932 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a chronic human parasitic disease that causes serious health problems worldwide. The disease-associated liver pathology is one of the hallmarks of infections by S. mansoni and S. japonicum, and is accountable for the debilitating condition found in infected patients. In the past few years, investigative studies have highlighted the key role played by neutrophils and the influence of inflammasome signaling pathway in different pathological conditions. However, it is noteworthy that the study of inflammasome activation in neutrophils has been overlooked by reports concerning macrophages and monocytes. This interplay between neutrophils and inflammasomes is much more poorly investigated during schistosomiasis. Herein we reviewed the role of neutrophils during schistosomiasis and addressed the potential connection between these cells and inflammasome activation in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo C O Sanches
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fábio Mambelli
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sergio C Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), CNPq MCT, Salvador, Brazil
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13
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Wang L, Zhu Z, Liao Y, Zhang L, Yu Z, Yang R, Wu J, Wu Z, Sun X. Host Liver-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Deliver miR-142a-3p Induces Neutrophil Extracellular Traps via Targeting WASL to Block the Development of Schistosoma japonicum. Mol Ther 2022; 30:2092-2107. [PMID: 35351657 PMCID: PMC9092393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is an important neglected tropical disease. Interactions between the host immune system and schistosomes are complex. Neutrophils contribute to clearance of large pathogens primarily by releasing neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). However, the functional role of NETs in clearing schistosomes remains unclear. Herein, we report that extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from the liver of Schistosoma japonicum-infected mice (IL-EVs) induce NET release by delivering miR-142a-3p to target WASL and block the development of S. japonicum. WASL knockout accelerated the formation of NETs that blocked further development of S. japonicum. miR-142a-3p and NETs upregulated the expression of CCL2, which recruits macrophages that block S. japonicum development. However, S. japonicum inhibited NET formation in wild-type mice by upregulating host interleukin-10 (IL-10) expression. In contrast, in WASL knockout mice, IL-10 expression was downregulated, and S. japonicum-mediated inhibition of NET formation was significantly reduced. IL-EV-mediated induction of NET formation is thus an anti-schistosome response that can be counteracted by S. japonicum. These findings suggest that IL-EV-mediated induction of NET formation plays a key role in schistosome infection and that WASL is a potential therapeutic target in schistosomiasis and other infectious diseases.
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14
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Namulondo J, Mulindwa J, Nyangiri OA, Egesa M, Noyes H, Matovu E. Gene expression changes in mammalian hosts during schistosomiasis: a review. AAS Open Res 2021. [DOI: 10.12688/aasopenres.13312.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis affects over 250 million people worldwide with an estimated mortality of more than 200,000 deaths per year in sub-Saharan Africa. Efforts to control schistosomiasis in the affected areas have mainly relied on mass administration of praziquantel, which kills adult but not immature worms of all Schistosoma species. Mammalian hosts respond differently to Schistosoma infection with some being more susceptible than others, which is associated with risk factors such as sociodemographic, epidemiological, immunological and/or genetic. Host genetic factors play a major role in influencing molecular processes in response to schistosomiasis as shown in gene expression studies. These studies highlight gene profiles expressed at different time points of infection using model animals. Immune function related genes; cytokines (Th1 and Th17) are upregulated earlier in infection and Th2 upregulated later indicating a mixed Th1/Th2 response. However, Th1 response has been shown to be sustained in S. japonicum infection. Immune mediators such as matrix metalloproteinases (Mmps) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (Timps) are expressed later in the infection and these are linked to wound healing and fibrosis. Downregulation of metabolic associated genes is recorded in later stages of infection. Most mammalian host gene expression studies have been done using rodent models, with fewer in larger hosts such as bovines and humans. The majority of these studies have focused on S. japonicum infections and less on S. haematobium and S. mansoni infections (the two species that cause most global infections). The few human schistosomiasis gene expression studies so far have focused on S. japonicum and S. haematobium infections and none on S. mansoni, as far as we are aware. This highlights a paucity of gene expression data in humans, specifically with S. mansoni infection. This data is important to understand the disease pathology, identify biomarkers, diagnostics and possible drug targets.
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15
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Ho CH, Cheng CH, Huang TW, Peng SY, Lee KM, Cheng PC. Switched phenotypes of macrophages during the different stages of Schistosoma japonicum infection influenced the subsequent trends of immune responses. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2021; 55:503-526. [PMID: 34330662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages play crucial roles in immune responses during the course of schistosomal infections. METHODS We currently investigated influence of immunocompetent changes in macrophages via microarray-based analysis, mRNA expression analysis, detection of serum cytokines, and subsequent evaluation of the immune phenotypes following the differentiation of infection-induced lymphocytes in a unique T1/T2 double-transgenic mouse model. RESULTS The gradual upregulation of genes encoding YM1, YM2, and interleukin (IL)-4/IL-13 receptors in infected mice indicated the role of type 2 alternatively activated macrophages (M2, AAMφs) in immune responses after Schistosoma japonicum egg production. FACS analysis showed that surface markers MHC class II (IA/IE) and CD8α+ of the macrophages also exhibited a dramatic change at the various time points before and after egg-production. The transgenic mouse experiments further demonstrated that the shifting of macrophage phenotypes influenced the percentage of helper T (Th)-2 cells, which was observed to be higher than that of Th1 cells, which increased only at 3 and 5 weeks post-infection. The differentiation of effector B cells showed a similar but more significant trend toward type-2 immunity. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the infection of mice with S. japonicum resulted in a final Th2- and Be2-skewed immune response. This may be due to phenotypic changes in the macrophages. The influence of alternatively activated macrophages was also activated by S. japonicum egg production. This study elucidated the existence of variations in immune mechanisms at the schistosome infection stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hsun Ho
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsiung Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Wen Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yi Peng
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
| | - Kin-Mu Lee
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ching Cheng
- Department of Molecular Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for International Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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16
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Carson JP, Gobert GN. Modulation of the Host Immune Response by Schistosome Egg-Secreted Proteins Is a Critical Avenue of Host-Parasite Communication. Pathogens 2021; 10:863. [PMID: 34358013 PMCID: PMC8308880 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During a schistosome infection, the interactions that occur between the mammalian host and the parasite change rapidly once egg laying begins. Both juvenile and adult schistosomes adapt to indefinitely avoid the host immune system. In contrast, the survival of eggs relies on quickly traversing from the host. Following the commencement of egg laying, the host immune response undergoes a shift from a type 1 helper (Th1) inflammatory response to a type 2 helper (Th2) granulomatous response. This change is driven by immunomodulatory proteins within the egg excretory/secretory products (ESPs), which interact with host cells and alter their behaviour to promote egg translocation. However, in parallel, these ESPs also provoke the development of chronic schistosomiasis pathology. Recent studies using high-throughput proteomics have begun to characterise the components of schistosome egg ESPs, particularly those of Schistosoma mansoni, S. japonicum and S. haematobium. Future application of this knowledge may lead to the identification of proteins with novel immunomodulatory activity or pathological importance. However, efforts in this area are limited by a lack of in situ or in vivo functional characterisation of these proteins. This review will highlight the current knowledge of the content and demonstrated functions of schistosome egg ESPs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Geoffrey N. Gobert
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK;
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17
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You H, Mayer JU, Johnston RL, Sivakumaran H, Ranasinghe S, Rivera V, Kondrashova O, Koufariotis LT, Du X, Driguez P, French JD, Waddell N, Duke MG, Ittiprasert W, Mann VH, Brindley PJ, Jones MK, McManus DP. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing of Schistosoma mansoni acetylcholinesterase. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21205. [PMID: 33337558 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001745rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing shows cogent potential for the genetic modification of helminth parasites. We report successful gene knock-in (KI) into the genome of the egg of Schistosoma mansoni by combining CRISPR/Cas9 with single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides (ssODNs). We edited the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) gene of S. mansoni targeting two guide RNAs (gRNAs), X5 and X7, located on exon 5 and exon 7 of Smp_154600, respectively. Eggs recovered from livers of experimentally infected mice were transfected by electroporation with a CRISPR/Cas9-vector encoding gRNA X5 or X7 combining with/ without a ssODN donor. Next generation sequencing analysis of reads of amplicon libraries spanning targeted regions revealed that the major modifications induced by CRISPR/Cas9 in the eggs were generated by homology directed repair (HDR). Furthermore, soluble egg antigen from AChE-edited eggs exhibited markedly reduced AChE activity, indicative that programed Cas9 cleavage mutated the AChE gene. Following injection of AChE-edited schistosome eggs into the tail veins of mice, an significantly enhanced Th2 response involving IL-4, -5, -10, and-13 was detected in lung cells and splenocytes in mice injected with X5-KI eggs in comparison to control mice injected with unmutated eggs. A Th2-predominant response, with increased levels of IL-4, -13, and GATA3, also was induced by X5 KI eggs in small intestine-draining mesenteric lymph node cells when the gene-edited eggs were introduced into the subserosa of the ileum of the mice. These findings confirmed the potential and the utility of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing for functional genomics in schistosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong You
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Rebecca L Johnston
- Genetics & Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Haran Sivakumaran
- Genetics & Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Shiwanthi Ranasinghe
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Vanessa Rivera
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Olga Kondrashova
- Genetics & Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lambros T Koufariotis
- Genetics & Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Xiaofeng Du
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Patrick Driguez
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Juliet D French
- Genetics & Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicola Waddell
- Genetics & Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mary G Duke
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Wannaporn Ittiprasert
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, & Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Victoria H Mann
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, & Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Paul J Brindley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, & Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Malcolm K Jones
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
| | - Donald P McManus
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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18
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Sr R, Arya LK, Siva Ganesa Karthikeyan R, Sen S. Aqueous humor cytokines and cellular profiles in pediatric ocular granulomas caused by theTrematode Fluke Procerovum sp. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2021; 30:930-939. [PMID: 33792498 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2020.1855356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Children from coastal areas of South India develop granulomatous eye disease after swimming in their village ponds, the causative organism being trematode Procerovum.Aim: To understand the pathogenesis by analyzing the cellular profile, cytokines, and chemokines of aqueous fluid.Methods: This was a prospective study over 1 year on pediatric patients with ocular granuloma caused by a Trematode Fluke Procerovum sp. Granuloma was aspirated along with 100 µl volume of aqueous humor. Immunohistochemical analysis of granuloma was performed. Bio-Plex Pro™ Human Cytokine 17-plex Assay (M5000031YV) was used to measure cytokine and chemokines.Results: The immunohistochemistry revealed predominantly eosinophils, followed by macrophages (CD68+) and T - lymphocytes (CD4+). Both T-helper (Th) 1 and 2 mediated cytokines and chemokine levels were significantly high. As the disease duration increased, direct Th1 response reduced and was replaced by IL-12 and IL-17 mediated secondary Th1 response.Conclusion: Procerovum associated granulomatous disease is immunologically characterized by Th1 and Th2 cell-mediated responses. A balance between both arms maintains the eyes between granulomatous inflammation and healing by fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rathinam Sr
- Aravind Eye Hospital & PG Institute of Ophthalmology, Madurai, India
| | - Lalan Kumar Arya
- Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | | | - Sagnik Sen
- Aravind Eye Hospital & PG Institute of Ophthalmology, Madurai, India
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19
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Labuda LA, Adegnika AA, Rosa BA, Martin J, Ateba-Ngoa U, Amoah AS, Lima HM, Meurs L, Mbow M, Manurung MD, Zinsou JF, Smits HH, Kremsner PG, Mitreva M, Yazdanbakhsh M. A Praziquantel Treatment Study of Immune and Transcriptome Profiles in Schistosoma haematobium-Infected Gabonese Schoolchildren. J Infect Dis 2021; 222:2103-2113. [PMID: 31844885 PMCID: PMC7661769 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although Schistosoma haematobium infection has been reported to be associated with alterations in immune function, in particular immune hyporesponsiveness, there have been only few studies that have used the approach of removing infection by drug treatment to establish this and to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods Schistosoma haematobium-infected schoolchildren were studied before and after praziquantel treatment and compared with uninfected controls. Cellular responses were characterized by cytokine production and flow cytometry, and in a subset of children RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) transcriptome profiling was performed. Results Removal of S haematobium infection resulted in increased schistosome-specific cytokine responses that were negatively associated with CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ T-cells and accompanied by increased frequency of effector memory T-cells. Innate responses to Toll like receptor (TLR) ligation decreased with treatment and showed positive association with CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ T-cells. At the transcriptome level, schistosome infection was associated with enrichment in cell adhesion, whereas parasite removal was associated with a more quiescent profile. Further analysis indicated that alteration in cellular energy metabolism was associated with S haematobium infection and that the early growth response genes 2 and 3 (EGR 2 and EGR3), transcription factors that negatively regulate T-cell activation, may play a role in adaptive immune hyporesponsiveness. Conclusions Using a longitudinal study design, we found contrasting effects of schistosome infection on innate and adaptive immune responses. Whereas the innate immune system appears more activated, the adaptive immunity is in a hyporesponsive state reflected in alterations in CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ T-cells, cellular metabolism, and transcription factors involved in anergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucja A Labuda
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Gabon.,Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ayola A Adegnika
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Gabon.,Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bruce A Rosa
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - John Martin
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ulysse Ateba-Ngoa
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Gabon.,Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Abena Serwaa Amoah
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Honorine Mbenkep Lima
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Gabon.,Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lynn Meurs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Moustapha Mbow
- Service d'Immunologie du Département de Pharmacie, FMPO, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Fann- Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Mikhael D Manurung
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeannot F Zinsou
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Hermelijn H Smits
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter G Kremsner
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Gabon.,Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Makedonka Mitreva
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Maria Yazdanbakhsh
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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20
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Aula OP, McManus DP, Mason MG, Botella JR, Gordon CA. Rapid parasite detection utilizing a DNA dipstick. Exp Parasitol 2021; 224:108098. [PMID: 33713659 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2021.108098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Molecular diagnostics are powerful tools for disease detection but are typically confined to the laboratory environment due to the cumbersome methods required to extract nucleic acids from biological samples. Accurate diagnosis is essential for early detection of parasitic worm infections and for monitoring control programs, particularly during new transmission outbreaks to limit infection spread. We optimized the recently developed DNA dipstick technology to purify Schistosoma japonicum DNA from different life stages in <60 s. We successfully detected DNA from adult worms, eggs and infected snails. The speed and simplicity of this method enables the point-of-care detection of S. japonicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyime Poise Aula
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Brisbane, Australia; University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Herston, 4006, QLD, Australia
| | - Donald Peter McManus
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael Glenn Mason
- University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Brisbane, Australia
| | - José Ramón Botella
- University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Catherine Amy Gordon
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Brisbane, Australia.
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21
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Li H, Wang Z, Chai S, Bai X, Ding G, Li Y, Li J, Xiao Q, Miao B, Lin W, Feng J, Huang M, Gao C, Li B, Hu W, Lin J, Fu Z, Xie J, Li Y. Genome assembly and transcriptome analysis provide insights into the antischistosome mechanism of Microtus fortis. J Genet Genomics 2021; 47:743-755. [PMID: 33753019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Microtus fortis is the only mammalian host that exhibits intrinsic resistance against Schistosoma japonicum infection. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this resistance are not yet known. Here, we perform the first de novo genome assembly of M. fortis, comprehensive gene annotation analysis, and evolution analysis. Furthermore, we compare the recovery rate of schistosomes, pathological changes, and liver transcriptomes between M. fortis and mice at different time points after infection. We observe that the time and type of immune response in M. fortis are different from those in mice. M. fortis activates immune and inflammatory responses on the 10th day post infection, such as leukocyte extravasation, antibody activation, Fc-gamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis, and the interferon signaling cascade, which play important roles in preventing the development of schistosomes. In contrast, an intense immune response occurrs in mice at the late stages of infection and could not eliminate schistosomes. Infected mice suffer severe pathological injury and continuous decreases in cell cycle, lipid metabolism, and other functions. Our findings offer new insights into the intrinsic resistance mechanism of M. fortis against schistosome infection. The genome sequence also provides the basis for future studies of other important traits in M. fortis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shumei Chai
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiong Bai
- Shanghai Laboratory Animal Research Center, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guohui Ding
- Institute for Digital Health, International Human Phenome Institutes (Shanghai), Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Junyi Li
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Qingyu Xiao
- Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Benpeng Miao
- Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Weili Lin
- Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Shanghai Laboratory Animal Research Center, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mingyue Huang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Cheng Gao
- Shanghai Laboratory Animal Research Center, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bin Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jiaojiao Lin
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhiqiang Fu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Jianyun Xie
- Shanghai Laboratory Animal Research Center, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yixue Li
- Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology, Shanghai 201203, China; Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 330106, China.
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22
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Wang S, Shuai C, Gao S, Jiang J, Luan J, Lv X. Chemokine CXCL14 acts as a potential genetic target for liver fibrosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 89:107067. [PMID: 33039963 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There are multiple causes of liver fibrosis, common ones include ethanol, toxins, and cholestasis. However, whether these different etiologies lead to the same pathological outcomes contain common genetic targets or signaling pathways, the current research has not attracted widespread attention. GSE40041 and GSE55747 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. GSE40041 and GSE55747 represent the differential expression profiles in the liver of mice with bile duct ligation (BDL) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver fibrosis models, respectively. By using GEO2R, 701 differential expression genes (DEGs) in GSE40041 and 6540 DEGs in GSE55747 were identified. 260 co-DEGs were shared and extracted for gene ontology (GO) analysis. Through GO analysis, it was found that the regulation of cell migration in biological processes (BPs) was closely related to the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis, and the genes involved in this process include a key gene, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 14 (CXCL14). Subsequently, further bioinformatic analysis showed that CXCL14 may be regulated by miR-122 to participate in the progression of liver fibrosis. Then real-time PCR and western blotting were performed to validate the expression of CXCL14 in liver tissue after liver fibrosis caused by different etiologies (ethanol, CCl4). The expression of CXCL4 in liver fibrosis induced by BDL was verified in another GEO dataset. Basically consistent with our bioinformatics results, our experimental results showed that the expression of CXCL14 was most significantly increased in alcoholic liver fibrosis model, followed by CCl4-induced liver fibrosis, which was also significantly increased in the BDL-induced model. Thus, CXCL14 can act as a common potential genetic target for different liver fibrosis diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui Province, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Liver Disease of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Chen Shuai
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Liver Disease of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Songsen Gao
- Department of Orthopedics (Spinal Surgery), The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jia Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jiajie Luan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Xiongwen Lv
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Liver Disease of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
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23
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Llanwarne F, Helmby H. Granuloma formation and tissue pathology in Schistosoma japonicum versus Schistosoma mansoni infections. Parasite Immunol 2020; 43:e12778. [PMID: 32692855 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is the most important helminth disease in the world from a public health perspective. S mansoni and S japonicum account for the majority of global intestinal schistosomiasis cases, and the pathogenesis is widely assumed to be fundamentally similar. However, the majority of research on schistosomiasis has been carried out on S mansoni and comparisons between the two species are rarely made. Here, we will discuss aspects of both older and recent literature where such comparisons have been made, with a particular focus on the pathological agent, the host granulomatous response to the egg. Major differences between the two species are apparent in features such as egg production patterns and cellular infiltration; however, it is also clear that even subtle differences in the cascade of various cytokines and chemokines contribute to the different levels of pathology observed between these two main species of intestinal schistosomiasis. A better understanding of such differences at species level will be vital when it comes to the development of new treatment strategies and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Llanwarne
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Disease, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Helena Helmby
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Disease, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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24
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Souza COS, Gardinassi LG, Rodrigues V, Faccioli LH. Monocyte and Macrophage-Mediated Pathology and Protective Immunity During Schistosomiasis. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1973. [PMID: 32922381 PMCID: PMC7456899 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection by Schistosoma parasites culminates in a chronic granulomatous disease characterized by intense tissue fibrosis. Along the course of schistosomiasis, diverse leukocytes are recruited for inflammatory foci. Innate immune cell accumulation in Th2-driven granulomas around Schistosoma eggs is associated with increased collagen deposition, while monocytes and macrophages exert critical roles during this process. Monocytes are recruited to damaged tissues from blood, produce TGF-β and differentiate into monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), which become alternatively activated by IL-4/IL-13 signaling via IL-4Rα (AAMs). AAMs are key players of tissue repair and wound healing in response to Schistosoma infection. Alternative activation of macrophages is characterized by the activation of STAT6 that coordinates the transcription of Arg1, Chi3l3, Relma, and Mrc1. In addition to these markers, monocyte-derived AAMs also express Raldh2 and Pdl2. AAMs produce high levels of IL-10 and TGF-β that minimizes tissue damage caused by Schistosoma egg accumulation in tissues. In this review, we provide support to previous findings about the host response to Schistosoma infection reusing public transcriptome data. Importantly, we discuss the role of monocytes and macrophages with emphasis on the mechanisms of alternative macrophage activation during schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Oliveira Silva Souza
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gustavo Gardinassi
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Vanderlei Rodrigues
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Helena Faccioli
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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25
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Angeles JMM, Mercado VJP, Rivera PT. Behind Enemy Lines: Immunomodulatory Armamentarium of the Schistosome Parasite. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1018. [PMID: 32582161 PMCID: PMC7295904 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The deeply rooted, intricate relationship between the Schistosoma parasite and the human host has enabled the parasite to successfully survive within the host and surreptitiously evade the host's immune attacks. The parasite has developed a variety of strategies in its immunomodulatory armamentarium to promote infection without getting harmed or killed in the battlefield of immune responses. These include the production of immunomodulatory molecules, alteration of membranes, and the promotion of granuloma formation. Schistosomiasis thus serves as a paradigm for understanding the Th2 immune responses seen in various helminthiases. This review therefore aims to summarize the immunomodulatory mechanisms of the schistosome parasites to survive inside the host. Understanding these immunomodulatory strategies not only provides information on parasite-host interactions, but also forms the basis in the development of novel drugs and vaccines against the schistosome infection, as well as various types of autoimmune and inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Ma M Angeles
- Department of Parasitology, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Van Jerwin P Mercado
- Department of Parasitology, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Pilarita T Rivera
- Department of Parasitology, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
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26
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Sanches RCO, Souza C, Marinho FV, Mambelli FS, Morais SB, Guimarães ES, Oliveira SC. NLRP6 Plays an Important Role in Early Hepatic Immunopathology Caused by Schistosoma mansoni Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 11:795. [PMID: 32431709 PMCID: PMC7214731 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a debilitating parasitic disease that affects more than 200 million people worldwide and causes approximately 280,000 deaths per year. Inside the definitive host, eggs released by Schistosoma mansoni lodge in the intestine and especially in the liver where they induce a granulomatous inflammatory process, which can lead to fibrosis. The molecular mechanisms initiating or promoting hepatic granuloma formation remain poorly understood. Inflammasome activation has been described as an important pathway to induce pathology mediated by NLRP3 receptor. Recently, other components of the inflammasome pathway, such as NLRP6, have been related to liver diseases and fibrotic processes. Nevertheless, the contribution of these components in schistosomiasis-associated pathology is still unknown. In the present study, using dendritic cells, we demonstrated that NLRP6 sensor is important for IL-1β production and caspase-1 activation in response to soluble egg antigens (SEA). Furthermore, the lack of NLRP6 has been shown to significantly reduce periovular inflammation, collagen deposition in hepatic granulomas and mRNA levels of α-SMA and IL-13. Livers of Nlrp6–/– mice showed reduced levels of CXCL1/KC, CCL2, CCL3, IL-5, and IL-10 as well as Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and Eosinophilic Peroxidase (EPO) enzymatic activity. Consistently, the frequency of macrophage and neutrophil populations were lower in the liver of NLRP6 knockout mice, after 6 weeks of infection. Finally, it was further demonstrated that the onset of hepatic granuloma and collagen deposition were also compromised in Caspase-1–/–, IL-1R–/– and Gsdmd–/– mice. Our findings suggest that the NLRP6 inflammasome is an important component for schistosomiasis-associated pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo C O Sanches
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fabio Vitarelli Marinho
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fábio Silva Mambelli
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Suellen B Morais
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Erika S Guimarães
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sergio Costa Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), CNPq MCT, Salvador, Brazil
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27
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Zheng B, Zhang J, Chen H, Nie H, Miller H, Gong Q, Liu C. T Lymphocyte-Mediated Liver Immunopathology of Schistosomiasis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:61. [PMID: 32132991 PMCID: PMC7040032 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The parasitic worms, Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum, reside in the mesenteric veins, where they release eggs that induce a dramatic granulomatous response in the liver and intestines. Subsequently, infection may further develop into significant fibrosis and portal hypertension. Over the past several years, uncovering the mechanism of immunopathology in schistosomiasis has become a major research objective. It is known that T lymphocytes, especially CD4+ T cells, are essential for immune responses against Schistosoma species. However, obtaining a clear understanding of how T lymphocytes regulate the pathological process is proving to be a daunting challenge. To date, CD4+ T cell subsets have been classified into several distinct T helper (Th) phenotypes including Th1, Th2, Th17, T follicular helper cells (Tfh), Th9, and regulatory T cells (Tregs). In the case of schistosomiasis, the granulomatous inflammation and the chronic liver pathology are critically regulated by the Th1/Th2 responses. Animal studies suggest that there is a moderate Th1 response to parasite antigens during the acute stage, but then, egg-derived antigens induce a sustained and dominant Th2 response that mediates granuloma formation and liver fibrosis. In addition, the newly discovered Th17 cells also play a critical role in the hepatic immunopathology of schistosomiasis. Within the liver, Tregs are recruited to hepatic granulomas and exert an immunosuppressive role to limit the granulomatous inflammation and fibrosis. Moreover, recent studies have shown that Tfh and Th9 cells might also promote liver granulomas and fibrogenesis in the murine schistosomiasis. Thus, during infection, T-cell subsets undergo complicated cross-talk with antigen presenting cells that then defines their various roles in the local microenvironment for regulating the pathological progression of schistosomiasis. This current review summarizes a vast body of literature to elucidate the contribution of T lymphocytes and their associated cytokines in the immunopathology of schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zheng
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jianqiang Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Hao Nie
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Heather Miller
- Department of Intracellular Pathogens, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Quan Gong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
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28
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Chen TT, Peng S, Wang Y, Hu Y, Shen Y, Xu Y, Yin J, Liu C, Cao J. Improvement of Mitochondrial Activity and Fibrosis by Resveratrol Treatment in Mice with Schistosoma japonicum Infection. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9110658. [PMID: 31717714 PMCID: PMC6920829 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma japonicum is a major parasitic disease in the People's Republic of China. Liver fibrosis is the main pathological mechanism of schistosomiasis, and it is also the major lesion. The common drug used for its treatment, praziquantel (PZQ), does not have a marked effect on liver fibrosis. Resveratrol (RSV), which is an antioxidant, improves mitochondrial function and also attenuates liver fibrosis. The combination of PZQ and RSV has been found to have a synergistic antischistosomal effect on Schistosoma mansoni; additionally, the activity of PZQ is enhanced in the presence of RSV. Here, we examine the therapeutic effects of RSV on the S. japonicum infection in a mouse model, and we investigate RSV as a novel therapeutic agent for mitochondrial function and schistosomiasis-associated liver fibrosis (SSLF). Mitochondrial membrane potential was examined using flow cytometry analysis. The expression of the mitochondrial biogenesis genes PGC-α and fibrosis-associated genes collagen I, collagen III and α-SMA were examined using western blot analysis. Fibrosis-associated histological changes were examined using Masson trichrome staining. Additionally, the effects of RSV on S. japonicum adult worms were examined using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. RSV treatment improved mitochondrial function by increasing membrane potential and increasing PGC-α expression (mitochondrial biogenesis). Further, RSV attenuated liver injury, including liver scarring, by decreasing collagen deposition and the extent of fibrosis, based on the decrease in expression of the fibrosis-related genes. RSV also decreased the adult worm count and caused considerable physical damage to the worm. These results indicate that RSV upregulates mitochondrial biogenesis and inhibits fibrosis. RSV may have potential as a therapeutic target for the treatment of fibrosis in schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Tuwen Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH, Shanghai 200025, China; (T.T.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (C.L.)
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
- WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan;
| | - Shihyi Peng
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan;
| | - Yanjuan Wang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH, Shanghai 200025, China; (T.T.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (C.L.)
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
- WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH, Shanghai 200025, China; (T.T.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (C.L.)
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
- WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yujuan Shen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH, Shanghai 200025, China; (T.T.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (C.L.)
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
- WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yuxin Xu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH, Shanghai 200025, China; (T.T.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (C.L.)
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
- WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jianhai Yin
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH, Shanghai 200025, China; (T.T.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (C.L.)
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
- WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Congshan Liu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH, Shanghai 200025, China; (T.T.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (C.L.)
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
- WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jianping Cao
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH, Shanghai 200025, China; (T.T.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (C.L.)
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
- WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
- Correspondence:
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Ghalehnoei H, Bagheri A, Fakhar M, Mishan MA. Circulatory microRNAs: promising non-invasive prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for parasitic infections. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 39:395-402. [PMID: 31617024 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03715-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a non-coding subclass of endogenous small regulatory RNAs, with about 18-25 nucleotides length which play a critical role in the regulation of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level in eukaryotes. Aberrant expression of miRNAs has the potential to become powerful non-invasive biomarkers in pathological diagnosis and prognosis of different disorders including infectious diseases. Parasite's life cycle may require the ability to respond to environmental and developmental signals through miRNA-mediated gene expressions. Over the last years, thousands of miRNAs have been identified in the helminthic and protozoan parasites and many pieces of evidence have demonstrated the functional role of miRNAs in the parasites' life cycle. Detection of these miRNAs in biofluids of infected hosts as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers in infectious diseases is growing rapidly. In this review, we have highlighted altered expressions of host miRNAs, detected parasitic miRNAs in the infected hosts, and suggested some perspectives for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Ghalehnoei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Abouzar Bagheri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry-Biophysics and Genetics, Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Fakhar
- Department of Parasitology, Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Amir Mishan
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Activation of the NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes in a mouse model of Schistosoma mansoni infection. J Helminthol 2019; 94:e72. [PMID: 31412958 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x19000622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is an inflammatory disease that occurs when schistosome species eggs are deposited in the liver, resulting in fibrosis and portal hypertension. Schistosomes can interact with host inflammasomes to elicit host immune responses, leading to mitochondrial damage, generation of high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation of apoptosis during inflammation. This study aims to examine whether ROS and NF-κB (p65) expression elicited other types of inflammasome activation in Schistosoma mansoni-infected mouse livers. We examine the relationship between inflammasome activation, mitochondrial damage and ROS production in mouse livers infected with S. mansoni. We demonstrate a significant release of ROS and superoxides and increased NF-κB (p65) in S. mansoni-infected mouse livers. Moreover, activation of the NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes was triggered by S. mansoni infection. Stimulation of HuH-7 hepatocellular carcinoma cells with soluble egg antigen induced activation of the AIM2 inflammasome pathway. In this study, we demonstrate that S. mansoni infection promotes both NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasome activation.
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31
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Deslyper G, Holland CV, Colgan TJ, Carolan JC. The liver proteome in a mouse model for Ascaris suum resistance and susceptibility: evidence for an altered innate immune response. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:402. [PMID: 31412915 PMCID: PMC6693097 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3655-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ascariasis is a neglected tropical disease that affects 800 million people worldwide. Whereas most people only experience light worm burden, some people experience heavy worm burdens even after several rounds of chemotherapy, a phenomenon known as predisposition. Such heavy infections are associated with more severe symptoms and increased chronic morbidity. Methods In order to investigate potential mechanisms that may explain the observed predisposition, we infected mice with the porcine ascarid Ascaris suum using an established mouse model with two different mouse strains, where the C57BL/6J strain is more susceptible to infection and therefore a model for heavy infection and the CBA/Ca strain is more resistant and thus a model for light infection. At day 7 post-infection we investigated the liver proteome, using shotgun mass spectrometry, of both infected and control mice of each strain. Results We identified intrinsic differences, between the two mouse strains, in both oxidative phosphorylation proteins and proteins involved in retinol metabolism. Additionally, we found differences between the two mouse strains in activation of the complement system, where the CBA/Ca strain has higher protein abundances for lectin pathway proteins and the C57BL/6J strain has higher protein abundances for complement inhibiting proteins. The CBA/Ca strain had a higher abundance of proteins involved in the activation of the complement cascade via the lectin pathway. In contrast, the C57BL/6J strain demonstrated a higher abundance of proteins involved in arresting the complement pathway. Conclusions We observed clear differences between the two mouse strains both intrinsically and under infection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-019-3655-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendoline Deslyper
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Celia V Holland
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Thomas J Colgan
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - James C Carolan
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
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Augusto RDC, Duval D, Grunau C. Effects of the Environment on Developmental Plasticity and Infection Success of Schistosoma Parasites - An Epigenetic Perspective. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1475. [PMID: 31354641 PMCID: PMC6632547 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence of how environmental cues affect the phenotypes of, and compatibility between Schistosoma mansoni and their hosts come from studies in environmental parasitology and research on host diet and chemotherapeutic treatment. Schistosomes deal with a multitude of signals from the water environment as well as cues that come from their hosts, particularly in response to molecules that serve to recognize and destroy them, i.e., those molecules that arise from their hosts' immune systems. These interactions shape, not only the parasite's morphology, metabolism and behavior in the short-term, but also their infection success and development into different stage-specific phenotypes later in their life cycle, through the modification of the parasite's inheritance system. Developmental phenotypic plasticity of S. mansoni is based on epigenetic mechanisms which are also sensitive to environmental cues, but are poorly understood. Here, we argue that specific cues from the environment could lead to changes in parasite development and infectivity, and consequently, environmental signals that come from environmental control measures could be used to influence S. mansoni dynamics and transmission. This approach poses a challenge since epigenetic modification can lead to unexpected and undesired outcomes. However, we suggest that a better understanding of how environmental cues are interpreted by epigenome during schistosome development and host interactions could potentially be applied to control parasite's virulence. We review evidence about the role of environmental cues on the phenotype of S. mansoni and the compatibility between this parasite and its intermediate and definitive hosts.
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33
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Live imaging of collagen deposition during experimental hepatic schistosomiasis and recovery: a view on a dynamic process. J Transl Med 2019; 99:231-243. [PMID: 30401957 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0154-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is the central cause of chronic clinical pathology resulting from infection by the blood flukes Schistosoma japonicum or S. mansoni. Much has been elucidated regarding the molecular, cellular and immunological responses that correspond to the formation of the granulomatous response to trapped schistosome eggs. A central feature of this Th2 response is the deposition of collagen around the periphery of the granuloma. To date, traditional histology and transcriptional methods have been used to quantify the deposition of collagen and to monitor the formation of the hepatic granuloma during experimental animal models of schistosomiasis. We have investigated the dynamic nature of granuloma formation through the use of a transgenic mouse model (B6.Collagen 1(A) luciferase mice (B6.Coll 1A-luc+)). With this model and whole-animal bioluminescence imaging, we followed the deposition of collagen during an active schistosome infection with Chinese and Philippines geographical strains of S. japonicum and after clearance of the adult parasites by the drug praziquantel. Individual mice were re-imaged over the time course to provide robust real-time quantitation of the development of chronic fibrotic disease. This model provides an improved method to follow the course of hepatic schistosomiasis-induced hepatic pathology and effectively supports the current dogma of the formation of hepatic fibrosis, originally elucidated from static traditional histology. This study demonstrates the first use of the B6.Coll 1A-luc+ mouse to monitor the dynamics of disease development and the treatment of pathogen-induced infection with the underlying pathology of fibrosis.
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Lin F, Shi H, Liu D, Zhang Z, Luo W, Mao P, Zhong R, Liang Y, Yang Z. Association of CCL11, CCL24 and CCL26 with primary biliary cholangitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 67:372-377. [PMID: 30583236 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CCL11, CCL24 and CCL26 are potent chemokines for eosinophils. Since there has been no study reporting the association serum CCL11, CCL24 and CCL26 with fibrotic progression of PBC, the aim of this study is to explore the association. METHODS One hundred and eight PBC patients, 52 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and 50 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. The sera were detected for CCL11, CCL24 and CCL26 using multiplex immunoassay. Other laboratory indicators were routinely measured. PBC was divided into four stages according to Scheuer's classification. RESULTS Serum CCL11, CCL24 and CCL26 levels were significantly higher in PBC patients than those with CHB and HC (P < 0.05). The ROC analyses showed that all of the three CCLs performed well for identification of PBC (all P< or =0.001). The multiple linear regression analysis showed an independent relationship of CCL26 with APRI and FIB-4 in PBC patients, but no relationship of CCL11 and CCL24 with fibrotic indicators. Additionally, serum CCL11 and CCL26 were negatively correlated with histological stage of PBC, while serum CCL24 showed no statistical correlation. CONCLUSION Serum CCL11, CCL24 and CCL26 are upregulated in PBC. CCL11 and CCL26 are associated with fibrotic progression of PBC, but CCL24 is not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Huangyan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Shi
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Donghong Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huangyan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhencheng Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huangyan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wanwan Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huangyan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Panying Mao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huangyan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Renqian Zhong
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zaixing Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huangyan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China.
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35
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Cai P, Mu Y, Olveda RM, Ross AG, Olveda DU, McManus DP. Circulating miRNAs as footprints for liver fibrosis grading in schistosomiasis. EBioMedicine 2018; 37:334-343. [PMID: 30482723 PMCID: PMC6286190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic infection with Schistosoma japonicum or S. mansoni results in hepatic fibrosis of the human host. Staging fibrosis is crucial for the prognosis and to determine the rapid need of treatment in patients with schistosomiasis. METHODS To establish whether there is a correlation between circulating microRNA (miRNA) level and fibrosis progression in schistosomiasis, ten miRNAs were selected to assess their potential in grading schistosomiasis liver fibrosis. This was done firstly in two mouse strains (C57BL/6 and BALB/c) to determine the temporal expression profiles in serum over the course of S. japonicum infection, and then within a cohort of 163 schistosomiasis japonica patients with different grades of liver fibrosis. FINDING Four miRNAs (miR-150-5p, let-7a-5p, let-7d-5p and miR-146a-5p) were able to distinguish patients with mild versus severe fibrosis. The level of serum miR-150-5p showed the most promising potential for grading hepatic fibrosis in schistosomiasis. The diagnostic performance of miR-150-5p in discriminating mild from severe fibrosis is comparable with that of the ELF test and serum HA level. In addition, the serum levels of the four miRNAs rebounded in infected C57BL/6 mice, after 6 months post treatment, following the regression of liver fibrosis, thereby providing further support for the utility of these miRNAs in grading schistosomal hepatic fibrosis. INTERPRETATION Circulating miRNAs can be a supplementary tool for assessing hepatic fibrosis in human schistosomiasis. FUND: National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia (APP1102926, APP1037304 and APP1098244).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Cai
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Yi Mu
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Remigio M Olveda
- Department of Health, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila, Philippines
| | - Allen G Ross
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia; icddr b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - David U Olveda
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Donald P McManus
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
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Rodrigues Oliveira JL, Teixeira MM, Lambertucci JR, Antunes CMF, Carneiro M, Negrão-Corrêa D. Plasma levels of innate immune mediators are associated with liver fibrosis in low parasite burden Schistosoma mansoni-infected individuals. Scand J Immunol 2018; 87. [PMID: 29363152 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In the murine model, it was demonstrated that pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines are essential to the formation and modulation of Schistosoma-induced granulomatous inflammation. However, the relationship of these immune mediators and disease severity is hard to be established in naturally infected individuals. The current study evaluates the association between plasma concentrations of MIF, sTNF-R1, CCL3, CCL7 and CCL24 and schistosomiasis morbidity in Schistosoma mansoni-infected patients with a low parasite burden. For this propose, 97 S. mansoni-infected individuals were subjected to abdominal ultrasound analysis and clinical examination. Among them, 88 had plasma concentration of immune mediators estimated by ELISA assay. Multivariate linear regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between the plasma concentration of immune mediators and the variables investigated. Although most individuals presented low parasite burden, over 30% of them showed signs of fibrosis defined by ultrasound measurements and 2 patients had a severe form of schistosomiasis. No association between parasite burden and the plasma levels of chemokine/cytokines or disease severity was observed. There was a positive association between plasma concentration of CCL4, sTNF-R1, CCL3 and MIF with gall bladder thickness and/or with portal vein thickness that are liver fibrosis markers. In contrast, no association was found between CCL7 plasma concentrations with any of the schistosomiasis morbidity parameters evaluated. The data showed that CCL24, sTNFR1, MIF and CCL3 can be detected in plasma of S. mansoni-infected individuals and their concentration would be used as prognostic makers of Schistosoma-induced liver fibrosis, even in individuals with low parasite burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Rodrigues Oliveira
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - M M Teixeira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - J R Lambertucci
- Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - C M F Antunes
- Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - M Carneiro
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - D Negrão-Corrêa
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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El-Hawary SS, Taha KF, Kirillos FN, Dahab AA, El-Mahis AA, El-Sayed SH. Complementary Effect of Capparis Spinosa L. and Silymarin With/without Praziquantel on Mice Experimentally Infected with Schistosoma Mansoni. Helminthologia 2018; 55:21-32. [PMID: 31662624 PMCID: PMC6799534 DOI: 10.1515/helm-2017-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis remains to be the most common fibrotic disease resulting from inflammation and deposition of scar tissue around trapped parasitic eggs in the liver. Though chemotherapy eradicates matured worms efficiently and prevents the accumulation of schistosome eggs, fewer effective drugs are directed to reverse the present hepatic fibrosis. Therefore, treatment targeting hepatic fibrosis associated with schistosomiasis remains a challenging proposition. The present study was designed to investigate the potential complementary schistosomicidal and hepatoprotective activities of the methanol extract of Capparis spinosa L. (C. spinosa) with or without praziquantel (PZQ) and compare results with silymarin (Milk thistle), a known hepatoprotective and antifibrotic agent, on induced liver fibrosis by experimental Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) infection. Total polyphenols in the extract were determined using colorimetric assay. C. spinosa L. caused a partial decrease in worm burden; a statistically significant reduction in hepatic and intestinal tissue egg load, what was associated histopathologically with decreasing in both the number and diameter of granulomas, as well as restoring serum aminotransferases (AST & ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and improving liver albumin synthesis. The best results were obtained in the group of mice treated with C. spinosa L. and PZQ together. Quantitative estimation of total polyphenols content using colorimetric assay showed that C. spinosa L. leaves contain higher concentration of polyphenolic compounds than fruits. It was concluded that C. spinosa L. has a promising hepatoprotective and antifibrotic properties and could be introduced as a safe and effective therapeutic tool with PZQ in the treatment of schistosomal liver fibrosis. Nevertheless further studies on the mechanism of action of C. spinosa L. in chronic liver diseases may shed light on developing therapeutic methods in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S El-Hawary
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - K F Taha
- Applied Research Center of Medicinal Plants, National Organization of Drug Control and Research, Cairo, Egypt
| | - F N Kirillos
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A A Dahab
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Horticulture Research Institute, ARC, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A A El-Mahis
- Applied Research Center of Medicinal Plants, National Organization of Drug Control and Research, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S H El-Sayed
- Medical Parasitology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza, Egypt.,Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicne, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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Farwa A, He C, Xia L, Zhou H. Immune modulation of Th1, Th2, and T-reg transcriptional factors differing from cytokine levels in Schistosoma japonicum infection. Parasitol Res 2017; 117:115-126. [PMID: 29188369 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5678-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In spite of long-term integrated control programs for Schistosoma japonicum infection in China, the infection is still persistent due to its zoonotic transmission and disease severity which further complicate its control. Th1, Th2, and T-reg cells are involved in S. japonicum immunity; however, their exact roles in immunopathology of this infection are still questionable. Therefore, the monitoring of these T cell subsets' immune responses during a primary infection of S. japonicum at both transcriptional (mRNA) and protein (cytokines) levels would be essential to point out. In experimentally infected white New Zealand rabbits, mRNA expression levels of TBX2, IRF8, GATA3, STAT6, FoxP3, and MAFF were evaluated using qPCR, whereas Th1 (IFN-γ and TNF-α), Th2 (IL4 and IL13), and T-reg (IL10 and TGF-β1) cytokines were measured by ELISA test. Those parameters were estimated at two phases: the first being 4 and 8 weeks post-infection and the second phase at 12 weeks post-infection. The infected rabbits were categorized into group1 which was treated with praziquantel after the 8th week of infection and group 2 which was left untreated. In the first stage of infection, Th1 was superior to the other types at both mRNA (TBX2 and IRF8) and protein (IFN-γ and TNF-α) levels, but at the late stage, Th2 cytokines (IL4 and IL13) were surprisingly dominated without comparable change in Th2 transcriptional level in group 1. Concisely, the evaluation of T cell transcriptional factors provided clearer evidence about T cellular roles which would be a valuable supplement to control this disease in terms of protective and therapeutic vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Farwa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Hematology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, People's Republic of China
- Department of Parasitology & Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Chao He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Hematology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Longfei Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Hematology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Hematology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, People's Republic of China.
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Hong Y, Fu Z, Cao X, Lin J. Changes in microRNA expression in response to Schistosoma japonicum infection. Parasite Immunol 2017; 39. [PMID: 28160510 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis japonicum is one of the most serious zoonotic diseases in the world. There is increasing evidence to show that host miRNAs are modulated following Schistosoma japonicum infection, and some of these miRNAs may play important regulatory roles in response to schistosome infection. Several host miRNAs have been identified and shown to be potential diagnostic biomarkers or novel therapeutic targets for schistosomiasis. These studies have paved the way to a better understanding of the mechanisms of schistosome-host interaction and may facilitate the development of novel approaches to the control of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Z Fu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai, China
| | - X Cao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ningbo Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - J Lin
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
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Nitric oxide blocks the development of the human parasite Schistosoma japonicum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:10214-10219. [PMID: 28874579 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1708578114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human schistosomiasis, caused by Schistosoma species, is a major public health problem affecting more than 700 million people in 78 countries, with over 40 mammalian host reservoir species complicating the transmission ecosystem. The primary cause of morbidity is considered to be granulomas induced by fertilized eggs of schistosomes in the liver and intestines. Some host species, like rats (Rattus norvegicus), are naturally intolerant to Schistosoma japonicum infection, and do not produce granulomas or pose a threat to transmission, while others, like mice and hamsters, are highly susceptible. The reasons behind these differences are still a mystery. Using inducible nitric oxide synthase knockout (iNOS-/-) Sprague-Dawley rats, we found that inherent high expression levels of iNOS in wild-type (WT) rats play an important role in blocking growth, reproductive organ formation, and egg development in S. japonicum, resulting in production of nonfertilized eggs. Granuloma formation, induced by fertilized eggs in the liver, was considerably exacerbated in the iNOS-/- rats compared with the WT rats. This inhibition by nitric oxide acts by affecting mitochondrial respiration and energy production in the parasite. Our work not only elucidates the innate mechanism that blocks the development and production of fertilized eggs in S. japonicum but also offers insights into a better understanding of host-parasite interactions and drug development strategies against schistosomiasis.
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Recruitment of Neutrophils Mediated by Vγ2 γδ T Cells Deteriorates Liver Fibrosis Induced by Schistosoma japonicum Infection in C57BL/6 Mice. Infect Immun 2017; 85:IAI.01020-16. [PMID: 28507072 PMCID: PMC5520426 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01020-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional adaptive T cell responses contribute to the pathogenesis of Schistosoma japonicum infection, leading to liver fibrosis. However, the role of gamma-delta (γδ) T cells in this disease is less clear. γδ T cells are known to secrete interleukin-17 (IL-17) in response to infection, exerting either protective or pathogenic functions. In the present study, mice infected with S. japonicum are used to characterize the role of γδ T cells. Combined with the infection of S. japonicum, an extremely significant increase in the percentage of neutrophils in the CD45+ cells was detected (from approximately 2.45% to 46.10% in blood and from 0.18% to 7.34% in spleen). Further analysis identified two different γδ T cell subsets that have different functions in the formation of granulomas in S. japonicum-infected mice. The Vγ1 T cells secrete gamma interferon (IFN-γ) only, while the Vγ2 T cells secrete both IL-17A and IFN-γ. Both subtypes lose the ability to secrete cytokine during the late stage of infection (12 weeks postinfection). When we depleted the Vγ2 T cells in infected mice, the percentage of neutrophils in blood and spleen decreased significantly, the liver fibrosis in the granulomas was reduced, and the level of IL-17A in the serum decreased (P < 0.05). These results suggest that during S. japonicum infection, Vγ2 T cells can recruit neutrophils and aggravate liver fibrosis by secreting IL-17A. This is the first report that a subset of γδ T cells plays a partial role in the pathological process of schistosome infection.
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Sanchez MC, Krasnec KV, Parra AS, von Cabanlong C, Gobert GN, Umylny B, Cupit PM, Cunningham C. Effect of praziquantel on the differential expression of mouse hepatic genes and parasite ATP binding cassette transporter gene family members during Schistosoma mansoni infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017. [PMID: 28650976 PMCID: PMC5501684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a chronic parasitic disease caused by sexually dimorphic blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma. Praziquantel (PZQ) is the only drug widely available to treat the disease but does not kill juvenile parasites. Here we report the use of next generation sequencing to study the transcriptional effect of PZQ on murine hepatic inflammatory, immune and fibrotic responses to Schistosoma mansoni worms and eggs. An initial T helper cell 1 (Th1) response is induced against schistosomes in mice treated with drug vehicle (Vh) around the time egg laying begins, followed by a T helper cell 2 (Th2) response and the induction of genes whose action leads to granuloma formation and fibrosis. When PZQ is administered at this time, there is a significant reduction in egg burden yet the hepatic Th1, Th2 and fibrotic responses are still observed in the absence of granuloma formation suggesting some degree of gene regulation may be induced by antigens released from the dying adult worms. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to examine the relative expression of 16 juvenile and adult S. mansoni genes during infection and their response to Vh and PZQ treatment in vivo. While the response of stress genes in adult parasites suggests the worms were alive immediately following exposure to PZQ, they were unable to induce transcription of any of the 9 genes encoding ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters tested. In contrast, juvenile schistosomes were able to significantly induce the activities of ABCB, C and G family members, underscoring the possibility that these efflux systems play a major role in drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa C. Sanchez
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Katina V. Krasnec
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Amalia S. Parra
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Christian von Cabanlong
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Geoffrey N. Gobert
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Boris Umylny
- National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Pauline M. Cupit
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Charles Cunningham
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Wan C, Jin F, Du Y, Yang K, Yao L, Mei Z, Huang W. Genistein improves schistosomiasis liver granuloma and fibrosis via dampening NF-kB signaling in mice. Parasitol Res 2017; 116:1165-1174. [PMID: 28160073 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5392-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In schistosomiasis, egg deposition in the liver contributes to the formation of hepatic granuloma and fibrosis, which are the most serious clinical pathological features. It has been proposed that activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways is closely associated with the development of hepatic granuloma and fibrosis. Genistein has been shown to inhibit the activity of NF-κB signaling pathways, which might be a potential agent to protect against Schistosoma japonicum egg-induced liver granuloma and fibrosis. In this study, liver granuloma and fibrosis were induced by infecting BALB/c mice with 18 ± 3 cercariae of S. japonicum. At the beginning of egg granuloma formation (early phase genistein treatment from 4 to 6 weeks after infection) or after the formation of liver fibrosis (late phase genistein treatment from 6 to 10 weeks after infection), the infected mice were injected with genistein (25, 50 mg/kg). The results revealed that genistein treatment significantly decreased the extent of hepatic granuloma and fibrosis in infected mice. The activity of NF-κB signaling declined sharply after the treatment with genistein, as evidenced by the inhibition of NF-κB-p65, phospho-NF-κB-p65, and phospo-IκB-α expressions, as well as the expression of IκB-α and the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of inflammatory cytokines (MCP1, TNFα, IL1β, IL4, IL10) mediated by NF-κB signaling pathways in the early phase of the infection. Moreover, western blot and immunohistochemistry assays demonstrated that the contents of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and transforming growth factor-β were dramatically reduced in liver tissue under the treatment of genistein in the late phase of the infection. At the same time, the mRNA expression of MCP1, TNFα, and IL10 was inhibited markedly. These results provided evidence that genistein reduces S. japonicum egg-induced liver granuloma and fibrosis, at least partly due to decreased NF-κB signaling, and subsequently decreased MCP1, TNFα, and IL10 expressions. This implies that genistein can be a potential natural agent against schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunpeng Wan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Fen Jin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China
| | - Youqin Du
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China
| | - Kang Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China
| | - Liangliang Yao
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Mei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China.
| | - Weifeng Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China.
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de Oliveira FL, Carneiro K, Brito JM, Cabanel M, Pereira JX, Paiva LDA, Syn W, Henderson NC, El-Cheikh MC. Galectin-3, histone deacetylases, and Hedgehog signaling: Possible convergent targets in schistosomiasis-induced liver fibrosis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005137. [PMID: 28231240 PMCID: PMC5322873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis affects approximately 240 million people in the world. Schistosoma mansoni eggs in the liver induce periportal fibrosis and hepatic failure driven by monocyte recruitment and macrophage activation, resulting in robust Th2 response. Here, we suggested a possible involvement of Galectin-3 (Gal-3), histone deacetylases (HDACs), and Hedgehog (Hh) signaling with macrophage activation during Th1/Th2 immune responses, fibrogranuloma reaction, and tissue repair during schistosomiasis. Gal-3 is highly expressed by liver macrophages (Kupffer cells) around Schistosoma eggs. HDACs and Hh regulate macrophage polarization and hepatic stellate cell activation during schistosomiasis-associated fibrogenesis. Previously, we demonstrated an abnormal extracellular matrix distribution in the liver that correlated with atypical monocyte-macrophage differentiation in S. mansoni-infected, Gal-3-deficient (Lgals3-/-) mice. New findings explored in this review focus on the chronic phase, when wild-type (Lgals3+/+) and Lgals3-/- mice were analyzed 90 days after cercariae infection. In Lgals3-/- infected mice, there was significant inflammatory infiltration with myeloid cells associated with egg destruction (hematoxylin and eosin staining), phagocytes (specifically Kupffer cells), numerically reduced and diffuse matrix extracellular deposition in fibrotic areas (Gomori trichrome staining), and severe disorganization of collagen fibers surrounding the S. mansoni eggs (reticulin staining). Granuloma-derived stromal cells (GR cells) of Lgals3-/- infected mice expressed lower levels of alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and eotaxin and higher levels of IL-4 than Lgals3+/+ mice (real-time PCR). The relevant participation of macrophages in these events led us to suggest distinct mechanisms of activation that culminate in defective fibrosis in the liver of Lgals3-/- infected mice. These aspects were discussed in this review, as well as the possible interference between Gal-3, HDACs, and Hh signaling during progressive liver fibrosis in S. mansoni-infected mice. Further studies focused on macrophage roles could elucidate these questions and clear the potential utility of these molecules as antifibrotic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Leite de Oliveira
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Katia Carneiro
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Marques Brito
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana Cabanel
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jonathas Xavier Pereira
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ligia de Almeida Paiva
- Departmento de Fisiologia e Farmacodinâmica, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wingkin Syn
- Section of Gastroenterology, Ralph H Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Neil C. Henderson
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Marcia Cury El-Cheikh
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Zhu F, Bai X, Chen X. B lymphocytes in renal interstitial fibrosis. J Cell Commun Signal 2017; 11:213-218. [PMID: 28210941 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-017-0382-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is defined as an excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), which leads to the destruction of organ structure and impairment of organ function. Fibrosis occurs not only in kidney but also in lung, liver, heart, and skin. Common pathways of fibrosis are thought to exist. Renal interstitial fibrosis is a complex process that involves multiple molecular signaling and multiple cellular components, in which B cells appear to be one of the emerging important players. B cells may affect fibrosis through cytokine production and through interaction with other cells including fibroblasts, macrophages and T cells. This review summarizes recent research findings of B cells in fibrosis and provides an insight of how the future therapeutics of fibrosis could be developed from a B-cell point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengge Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyuan Bai
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China.
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Rojas-Caraballo J, López-Abán J, Moreno-Pérez DA, Vicente B, Fernández-Soto P, Del Olmo E, Patarroyo MA, Muro A. Transcriptome profiling of gene expression during immunisation trial against Fasciola hepatica: identification of genes and pathways involved in conferring immunoprotection in a murine model. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:94. [PMID: 28114888 PMCID: PMC5259852 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2205-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fasciolosis remains a significant food-borne trematode disease causing high morbidity around the world and affecting grazing animals and humans. A deeper understanding concerning the molecular mechanisms by which Fasciola hepatica infection occurs, as well as the molecular basis involved in acquiring protection is extremely important when designing and selecting new vaccine candidates. The present study provides a first report of microarray-based technology for describing changes in the splenic gene expression profile for mice immunised with a highly effective, protection-inducing, multi-epitope, subunit-based, chemically-synthesised vaccine candidate against F. hepatica. METHODS The mice were immunised with synthetic peptides containing B- and T-cell epitopes, which are derived from F. hepatica cathepsin B and amoebapore proteins, as novel vaccine candidates against F. hepatica formulated in an adjuvant adaptation vaccination system; they were experimentally challenged with F. hepatica metacercariae. Spleen RNA from mice immunised with the highest protection-inducing synthetic peptides was isolated, amplified and labelled using Affymetrix standardised protocols. Data was then background corrected, normalised and the expression signal was calculated. The Ingenuity Pathway Analysis tool was then used for analysing differentially expressed gene identifiers for annotating bio-functions and constructing and visualising molecular interaction networks. RESULTS Mice immunised with a combination of three peptides containing T-cell epitopes induced high protection against experimental challenge according to survival rates and hepatic damage scores. It also induced differential expression of 820 genes, 168 genes being up-regulated and 652 genes being down-regulated, p value <0.05, fold change ranging from -2.944 to 7.632. A functional study of these genes revealed changes in the pathways related to nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species production, Interleukin-12 signalling and production in macrophages and Interleukin-8 signalling with up-regulation of S100 calcium-binding protein A8, Matrix metallopeptidase 9 and CXC chemokine receptor 2 genes. CONCLUSION The data obtained in the present study provided us with a more comprehensive overview concerning the possible molecular pathways implied in inducing protection against F. hepatica in a murine model, which could be useful for evaluating future vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Rojas-Caraballo
- Parasite and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Tropical Disease Research Centre, (IBSAL-CIETUS), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia.,Present address: Centro de Investigación en Salud para el Trópico (CIST), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia
| | - Julio López-Abán
- Parasite and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Tropical Disease Research Centre, (IBSAL-CIETUS), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Darwin Andrés Moreno-Pérez
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia.,Basic Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Belén Vicente
- Parasite and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Tropical Disease Research Centre, (IBSAL-CIETUS), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pedro Fernández-Soto
- Parasite and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Tropical Disease Research Centre, (IBSAL-CIETUS), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Esther Del Olmo
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, (IBSAL-CIETUS), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel Alfonso Patarroyo
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia.,Basic Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Antonio Muro
- Parasite and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Tropical Disease Research Centre, (IBSAL-CIETUS), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
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Petrosyan A, Da Sacco S, Tripuraneni N, Kreuser U, Lavarreda-Pearce M, Tamburrini R, De Filippo RE, Orlando G, Cravedi P, Perin L. A step towards clinical application of acellular matrix: A clue from macrophage polarization. Matrix Biol 2017; 57-58:334-346. [PMID: 27575985 PMCID: PMC6717660 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The outcome of tissue engineered organ transplants depends on the capacity of the biomaterial to promote a pro-healing response once implanted in vivo. Multiple studies, including ours, have demonstrated the possibility of using the extracellular matrix (ECM) of animal organs as platform for tissue engineering and more recently, discarded human organs have also been proposed as scaffold source. In contrast to artificial biomaterials, natural ECM has the advantage of undergoing continuous remodeling which allows adaptation to diverse conditions. It is known that natural matrices present diverse immune properties when compared to artificial biomaterials. However, how these properties compare between diseased and healthy ECM and artificial scaffolds has not yet been defined. To answer this question, we used decellularized renal ECM derived from WT mice and from mice affected by Alport Syndrome at different time-points of disease progression as a model of renal failure with extensive fibrosis. We characterized the morphology and composition of these ECMs and compared their in vitro effects on macrophage activation with that of synthetic scaffolds commonly used in the clinic (collagen type I and poly-L-(lactic) acid, PLLA). We showed that ECM derived from Alport kidneys differed in fibrous protein deposition and cytokine content when compared to ECM derived from WT kidneys. Yet, both WT and Alport renal ECM induced macrophage differentiation mainly towards a reparative (M2) phenotype, while artificial biomaterials towards an inflammatory (M1) phenotype. Anti-inflammatory properties of natural ECMs were lost when homogenized, hence three-dimensional structure of ECM seems crucial for generating an anti-inflammatory response. Together, these data support the notion that natural ECM, even if derived from diseased kidneys promote a M2 protolerogenic macrophage polarization, thus providing novel insights on the applicability of ECM obtained from discarded organs as ideal scaffold for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astgik Petrosyan
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Urology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Stefano Da Sacco
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Urology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Nikita Tripuraneni
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Urology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Ursula Kreuser
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Physiology, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Lavarreda-Pearce
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Urology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Riccardo Tamburrini
- Department of General Surgery, Section of Transplantation, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Roger E De Filippo
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Urology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Giuseppe Orlando
- Department of General Surgery, Section of Transplantation, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Paolo Cravedi
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, Annenberg Building, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Laura Perin
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Urology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.
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The NIH-NIAID Schistosomiasis Resource Center at the Biomedical Research Institute: Molecular Redux. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0005022. [PMID: 27764112 PMCID: PMC5072641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis remains a health burden in many parts of the world. The complex life cycle of Schistosoma parasites and the economic and societal conditions present in endemic areas make the prospect of eradication unlikely in the foreseeable future. Continued and vigorous research efforts must therefore be directed at this disease, particularly since only a single World Health Organization (WHO)-approved drug is available for treatment. The National Institutes of Health (NIH)–National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Schistosomiasis Resource Center (SRC) at the Biomedical Research Institute provides investigators with the critical raw materials needed to carry out this important research. The SRC makes available, free of charge (including international shipping costs), not only infected host organisms but also a wide array of molecular reagents derived from all life stages of each of the three main human schistosome parasites. As the field of schistosomiasis research rapidly advances, it is likely to become increasingly reliant on omics, transgenics, epigenetics, and microbiome-related research approaches. The SRC has and will continue to monitor and contribute to advances in the field in order to support these research efforts with an expanding array of molecular reagents. In addition to providing investigators with source materials, the SRC has expanded its educational mission by offering a molecular techniques training course and has recently organized an international schistosomiasis-focused meeting. This review provides an overview of the materials and services that are available at the SRC for schistosomiasis researchers, with a focus on updates that have occurred since the original overview in 2008.
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Interactions between mefloquine and the anti-fibrotic drug silymarin on Schistosoma mansoni infections in mice. J Helminthol 2016; 90:760-765. [PMID: 26824480 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x16000018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The present study tests the anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of silymarin alone or combined with mefloquine on acute schistosomiasis by evaluating parasitological, histopathological, biochemical and immunological parameters. Male CDI Swiss mice were divided into seven groups, which included healthy controls, mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni or treated with silymarin (140 mg/kg body weight) or mefloquine (400 mg/kg body weight), or mice treated with a combination of both drugs and uninfected mice simply treated with mefloquine or silymarin alone. All mouse groups were sacrificed 8 weeks post-infection (pi) and/or post-treatment. Those infected mice treated with both silymarin and mefloquine showed a significant decrease (P < 0.001) in worm burden, immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM), liver function enzymes and granuloma diameter, with complete eradication of immature and mature eggs. In conclusion, treatment with silymarin combined with mefloquine in murine schistosomiasis was able to reduce granulomatous reactions and hepatic fibrosis. Hence, this combination is a new strategy to be studied as an efficient tool in the treatment of schistosomal liver fibrosis.
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Chuah C, Jones MK, McManus DP, Nawaratna SK, Burke ML, Owen HC, Ramm GA, Gobert GN. Characterising granuloma regression and liver recovery in a murine model of schistosomiasis japonica. Int J Parasitol 2016; 46:239-52. [PMID: 26812024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
For hepatic schistosomiasis the egg-induced granulomatous response and the development of extensive fibrosis are the main pathologies. We used a Schistosoma japonicum-infected mouse model to characterise the multi-cellular pathways associated with the recovery from hepatic fibrosis following clearance of the infection with the anti-schistosomal drug, praziquantel. In the recovering liver splenomegaly, granuloma density and liver fibrosis were all reduced. Inflammatory cell infiltration into the liver was evident, and the numbers of neutrophils, eosinophils and macrophages were significantly decreased. Transcriptomic analysis revealed the up-regulation of fatty acid metabolism genes and the identification of Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha as the upstream regulator of liver recovery. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor signalling pathway which regulates xenobiotic metabolism was also differentially up-regulated. These findings provide a better understanding of the mechanisms associated with the regression of hepatic schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candy Chuah
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld 4006, Australia; School of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Malcolm K Jones
- School of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia
| | - Donald P McManus
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld 4006, Australia
| | | | - Melissa L Burke
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld 4006, Australia
| | - Helen C Owen
- School of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia
| | - Grant A Ramm
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld 4006, Australia
| | - Geoffrey N Gobert
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld 4006, Australia.
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