1
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Marglous S, Brown CE, Padler-Karavani V, Cummings RD, Gildersleeve JC. Serum antibody screening using glycan arrays. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:2603-2642. [PMID: 38305761 PMCID: PMC7616341 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00693j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Humans and other animals produce a diverse collection of antibodies, many of which bind to carbohydrate chains, referred to as glycans. These anti-glycan antibodies are a critical part of our immune systems' defenses. Whether induced by vaccination or natural exposure to a pathogen, anti-glycan antibodies can provide protection against infections and cancers. Alternatively, when an immune response goes awry, antibodies that recognize self-glycans can mediate autoimmune diseases. In any case, serum anti-glycan antibodies provide a rich source of information about a patient's overall health, vaccination history, and disease status. Glycan microarrays provide a high-throughput platform to rapidly interrogate serum anti-glycan antibodies and identify new biomarkers for a variety of conditions. In addition, glycan microarrays enable detailed analysis of the immune system's response to vaccines and other treatments. Herein we review applications of glycan microarray technology for serum anti-glycan antibody profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Marglous
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Claire E Brown
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Vered Padler-Karavani
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Jeffrey C Gildersleeve
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
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2
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Eckmair B, Gao C, Mehta AY, Dutkiewicz Z, Vanbeselaere J, Cummings RD, Paschinger K, Wilson IBH. Recognition of Highly Branched N-Glycans of the Porcine Whipworm by the Immune System. Mol Cell Proteomics 2024; 23:100711. [PMID: 38182041 PMCID: PMC10850124 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2024.100711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycans are key to host-pathogen interactions, whereby recognition by the host and immunomodulation by the pathogen can be mediated by carbohydrate binding proteins, such as lectins of the innate immune system, and their glycoconjugate ligands. Previous studies have shown that excretory-secretory products of the porcine nematode parasite Trichuris suis exert immunomodulatory effects in a glycan-dependent manner. To better understand the mechanisms of these interactions, we prepared N-glycans from T. suis and both analyzed their structures and used them to generate a natural glycan microarray. With this array, we explored the interactions of glycans with C-type lectins, C-reactive protein, and sera from T. suis-infected pigs. Glycans containing LacdiNAc and phosphorylcholine-modified glycans were associated with the highest binding by most of these proteins. In-depth analysis revealed not only fucosylated LacdiNAc motifs with and without phosphorylcholine moieties but phosphorylcholine-modified mannose and N-acetylhexosamine-substituted fucose residues, in the context of maximally tetraantennary N-glycan scaffolds. Furthermore, O-glycans also contained fucosylated motifs. In summary, the glycans of T. suis are recognized by both the innate and adaptive immune systems and also exhibit species-specific features distinguishing its glycome from those of other nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Eckmair
- Department für Chemie, Institut für Biochemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, Wien, Austria
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Akul Y Mehta
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zuzanna Dutkiewicz
- Department für Chemie, Institut für Biochemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, Wien, Austria
| | - Jorick Vanbeselaere
- Department für Chemie, Institut für Biochemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, Wien, Austria
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katharina Paschinger
- Department für Chemie, Institut für Biochemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, Wien, Austria
| | - Iain B H Wilson
- Department für Chemie, Institut für Biochemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, Wien, Austria.
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3
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Zwanenburg L, Borloo J, Decorte B, Bunte MJM, Mokhtari S, Serna S, Reichardt NC, Seys LJM, van Diepen A, Schots A, Wilbers RHP, Hokke CH, Claerebout E, Geldhof P. Plant-based production of a protective vaccine antigen against the bovine parasitic nematode Ostertagia ostertagi. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20488. [PMID: 37993516 PMCID: PMC10665551 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47480-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of effective recombinant vaccines against parasitic nematodes has been challenging and so far mostly unsuccessful. This has also been the case for Ostertagia ostertagi, an economically important abomasal nematode in cattle, applying recombinant versions of the protective native activation-associated secreted proteins (ASP). To gain insight in key elements required to trigger a protective immune response, the protein structure and N-glycosylation of the native ASP and a non-protective Pichia pastoris recombinant ASP were compared. Both antigens had a highly comparable protein structure, but different N-glycan composition. After mimicking the native ASP N-glycosylation via the expression in Nicotiana benthamiana plants, immunisation of calves with these plant-produced recombinants resulted in a significant reduction of 39% in parasite egg output, comparable to the protective efficacy of the native antigen. This study provides a valuable workflow for the development of recombinant vaccines against other parasitic nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens Zwanenburg
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jimmy Borloo
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bregt Decorte
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Myrna J M Bunte
- Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sanaz Mokhtari
- Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sonia Serna
- Glycotechnology Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 194, 20014, Donostia San Sebastián, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Paseo Miramón 194, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Niels-C Reichardt
- Glycotechnology Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 194, 20014, Donostia San Sebastián, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Paseo Miramón 194, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Leen J M Seys
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Angela van Diepen
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen Schots
- Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud H P Wilbers
- Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis H Hokke
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Claerebout
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Peter Geldhof
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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4
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Eckmair B, Gao C, Mehta AY, Dutkiewicz Z, Vanbeselaere J, Cummings RD, Paschinger K, Wilson IBH. Recognition of highly branched N-glycans of the porcine whipworm by the immune system. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.21.557549. [PMID: 37790353 PMCID: PMC10542551 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.21.557549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Glycans are key to host-pathogen interactions, whereby recognition by the host and immunomodulation by the pathogen can be mediated by carbohydrate binding proteins, such as lectins of the innate immune system, and their glycoconjugate ligands. Previous studies have shown that excretory-secretory products of the porcine nematode parasite Trichuris suis exert immunomodulatory effects in a glycan-dependent manner. To better understand the mechanisms of these interactions, we prepared N-glycans from T. suis and both analyzed their structures and used them to generate a natural glycan microarray. With this array we explored the interactions of glycans with C-type lectins, C-reactive protein and sera from T. suis infected pigs. Glycans containing LacdiNAc and phosphorylcholine-modified glycans were associated with the highest binding by most of these proteins. In-depth analysis revealed not only fucosylated LacdiNAc motifs with and without phosphorylcholine moieties, but phosphorylcholine-modified mannose and N-acetylhexosamine-substituted fucose residues, in the context of maximally tetraantennary N-glycan scaffolds. Furthermore, O-glycans also contained fucosylated motifs. In summary, the glycans of T. suis are recognized by both the innate and adaptive immune systems, and also exhibit species-specific features distinguishing its glycome from those of other nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Eckmair
- Institut für Biochemie, Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Akul Y Mehta
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zuzanna Dutkiewicz
- Institut für Biochemie, Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Jorick Vanbeselaere
- Institut für Biochemie, Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katharina Paschinger
- Institut für Biochemie, Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Iain B H Wilson
- Institut für Biochemie, Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Wien, Austria
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5
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Prasanphanich NS, Leon K, Secor WE, Shoemaker CB, Heimburg-Molinaro J, Cummings RD. Anti-schistosomal immunity to core xylose/fucose in N-glycans. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1142620. [PMID: 37081851 PMCID: PMC10110957 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1142620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a globally prevalent, debilitating disease that is poorly controlled by chemotherapy and for which no vaccine exists. While partial resistance in people may develop over time with repeated infections and treatments, some animals, including the brown rat (Rattus norvegicus), are only semi-permissive and have natural protection. To understand the basis of this protection, we explored the nature of the immune response in the brown rat to infection by Schistosoma mansoni. Infection leads to production of IgG to Infection leads to production of IgG to parasite glycoproteins parasite glycoproteins with complex-type N-glycans that contain a non-mammalian-type modification by core α2-Xylose and core α3-Fucose (core Xyl/Fuc). These epitopes are expressed on the surfaces of schistosomula and adult worms. Importantly, IgG to these epitopes can kill schistosomula by a complement-dependent process in vitro. Additionally, sera from both infected rhesus monkey and infected brown rat were capable of killing schistosomula in a manner inhibited by glycopeptides containing core Xyl/Fuc. These results demonstrate that protective antibodies to schistosome infections in brown rats and rhesus monkeys include IgG responses to the core Xyl/Fuc epitopes in surface-expressed N-glycans, and raise the potential of novel glyco-based vaccines that might be developed to combat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristoffer Leon
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - W. Evan Secor
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Charles B. Shoemaker
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA, United States
| | - Jamie Heimburg-Molinaro
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- National Center for Functional Glycomics, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Richard D. Cummings
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- National Center for Functional Glycomics, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Richard D. Cummings,
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6
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Petralia LMC, van Diepen A, Nguyen DL, Lokker LA, Sartono E, Bennuru S, Nutman TB, Pfarr K, Hoerauf A, Wanji S, Foster JM, Hokke CH. Unraveling cross-reactivity of anti-glycan IgG responses in filarial nematode infections. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1102344. [PMID: 36949937 PMCID: PMC10026598 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1102344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasitic nematodes responsible for filarial diseases cause chronic disablement in humans worldwide. Elimination programs have substantially reduced the rate of infection in certain areas, but limitations of current diagnostics for population surveillance have been pointed out and improved assays are needed to reach the elimination targets. While serological tests detecting antibodies to parasite antigens are convenient tools, those currently available are compromised by the occurrence of antibodies cross-reactive between nematodes, as well as by the presence of residual antibodies in sera years after treatment and clearance of the infection. We recently characterized the N-linked and glycosphingolipid derived glycans of the parasitic nematode Brugia malayi and revealed the presence of various antigenic structures that triggered immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses in infected individuals. To address the specificity of IgG binding to these glycan antigens, we screened microarrays containing Brugia malayi glycans with plasma from uninfected individuals and from individuals infected with Loa loa, Onchocerca volvulus, Mansonella perstans and Wuchereria bancrofti, four closely related filarial nematodes. IgG to a restricted subset of cross-reactive glycans was observed in infection plasmas from all four species. In plasma from Onchocerca volvulus and Mansonella perstans infected individuals, IgG binding to many more glycans was additionally detected, resulting in total IgG responses similar to the ones of Brugia malayi infected individuals. For these infection groups, Brugia malayi, Onchocerca volvulus and Mansonella perstans, we further studied the different IgG subclasses to Brugia malayi glycans. In all three infections, IgG1 and IgG2 appeared to be the major subclasses involved in response to glycan antigens. Interestingly, in Brugia malayi infected individuals, we observed a marked reduction in particular in IgG2 to parasite glycans post-treatment with anthelminthic, suggesting a promising potential for diagnostic applications. Thus, we compared the IgG response to a broad repertoire of Brugia malayi glycans in individuals infected with various filarial nematodes. We identified broadly cross-reactive and more specific glycan targets, extending the currently scarce knowledge of filarial nematode glycosylation and host anti-glycan antibody response. We believe that our initial findings could be further exploited to develop disease-specific diagnostics as part of an integrated approach for filarial disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laudine M. C. Petralia
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University – Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Division of Protein Expression & Modification, New England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA, United States
| | - Angela van Diepen
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University – Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Dieu-Linh Nguyen
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University – Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Lena A. Lokker
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University – Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Erliyani Sartono
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University – Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sasisekhar Bennuru
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Thomas B. Nutman
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kenneth Pfarr
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany
| | - Achim Hoerauf
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany
| | - Samuel Wanji
- Epidemiology and Control of Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Jeremy M. Foster
- Division of Protein Expression & Modification, New England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA, United States
| | - Cornelis H. Hokke
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University – Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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7
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Huettner I, Krumm SA, Serna S, Brzezicka K, Monaco S, Walpole S, van Diepen A, Allan F, Hicks T, Kimuda S, Emery AM, Landais E, Hokke CH, Angulo J, Reichardt N, Doores KJ. Cross-reactivity of glycan-reactive HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies with parasite glycans. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110611. [PMID: 35354052 PMCID: PMC10073069 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIV-1 Envelope glycoprotein (Env) is the sole target for broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). Env is heavily glycosylated with host-derived N-glycans, and many bnAbs bind to, or are dependent upon, Env glycans for neutralization. Although glycan-binding bnAbs are frequently detected in HIV-infected individuals, attempts to elicit them have been unsuccessful because of the poor immunogenicity of Env N-glycans. Here, we report cross-reactivity of glycan-binding bnAbs with self- and non-self N-glycans and glycoprotein antigens from different life-stages of Schistosoma mansoni. Using the IAVI Protocol C HIV infection cohort, we examine the relationship between S. mansoni seropositivity and development of bnAbs targeting glycan-dependent epitopes. We show that the unmutated common ancestor of the N332/V3-specific bnAb lineage PCDN76, isolated from an HIV-infected donor with S. mansoni seropositivity, binds to S. mansoni cercariae while lacking reactivity to gp120. Overall, these results present a strategy for elicitation of glycan-reactive bnAbs which could be exploited in HIV-1 vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Huettner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stefanie A Krumm
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sonia Serna
- Glycotechnology Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramón 182, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Katarzyna Brzezicka
- Glycotechnology Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramón 182, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Serena Monaco
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Samuel Walpole
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Angela van Diepen
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Fiona Allan
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, UK
| | - Thomas Hicks
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Simon Kimuda
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Aidan M Emery
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, UK
| | - Elise Landais
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, NY 10004, USA
| | - Cornelis H Hokke
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jesus Angulo
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK; Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC-US), Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Niels Reichardt
- Glycotechnology Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramón 182, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; CIBER-BBN, Paseo Miramón 182, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Katie J Doores
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
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8
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Bui DT, Jung J, Kitova EN, Li Z, Willows SD, Boddington ME, Kitov PI, Mason AL, Capicciotti CJ, Mahal LK, Macauley MS, Klassen JS. Mass Spectrometry-Based Shotgun Glycomics Using Labeled Glycan Libraries. Anal Chem 2022; 94:4997-5005. [PMID: 35302744 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry-based shotgun glycomics (MS-SG) is a rapid, sensitive, label-, and immobilization-free approach for the discovery of natural ligands of glycan-binding proteins (GBPs). To perform MS-SG, natural libraries of glycans derived from glycoconjugates in cells or tissues are screened against a target GBP using catch-and-release electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (CaR-ESI-MS). Because glycan concentrations are challenging to determine, ligand affinities cannot be directly measured. In principle, relative affinities can be ranked by combining CaR-ESI-MS data with relative concentrations established by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) performed on the fluorophore-labeled glycan library. To validate this approach, as well as the feasibility of performing CaR-ESI-MS directly on labeled glycans, libraries of labeled N-glycans extracted from the human monocytic U937 cells or intestinal tissues were labeled with 2-aminobenzamide (2-AB), 2-aminobenzoic acid (2-AA), or procainamide (proA). The libraries were screened against plant and human GBPs with known specificities for α2-3- and α2-6-linked sialosides and quantified by HILIC. Dramatic differences, in some cases, were found for affinity rankings obtained with libraries labeled with different fluorophores, as well as those produced using the combined unlabeled/labeled library approach. The origin of these differences could be explained by differential glycan labeling efficiencies, the impact of specific labels on glycan affinities for the GBPs, and the relative efficiency of release of ligands from GBPs in CaR-ESI-MS. Overall, the results of this study suggest that the 2-AB(CaR-ESI-MS)/2-AB(HILIC) combination provides the most reliable description of the binding specificities of GBPs for N-glycans and is recommended for MS-SG applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duong T Bui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Jaesoo Jung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Elena N Kitova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Zhixiong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Steven D Willows
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - Marie E Boddington
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - Pavel I Kitov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Andrew L Mason
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - Chantelle J Capicciotti
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6.,Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - Lara K Mahal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Matthew S Macauley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - John S Klassen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
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9
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Petralia LM, van Diepen A, Lokker LA, Nguyen DL, Sartono E, Khatri V, Kalyanasundaram R, Taron CH, Foster JM, Hokke CH. Mass spectrometric and glycan microarray-based characterization of the filarial nematode Brugia malayi glycome reveals anionic and zwitterionic glycan antigens. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100201. [PMID: 35065273 PMCID: PMC9046957 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions of people worldwide are infected with filarial nematodes, responsible for lymphatic filariasis (LF) and other diseases causing chronic disablement. Elimination programs have resulted in a substantial reduction of the rate of infection in certain areas creating a need for improved diagnostic tools to establish robust population surveillance and avoid LF resurgence. Glycans from parasitic helminths are emerging as potential antigens for use in diagnostic assays. However, despite its crucial role in host–parasite interactions, filarial glycosylation is still largely, structurally, and functionally uncharacterized. Therefore, we investigated the glycan repertoire of the filarial nematode Brugia malayi. Glycosphingolipid and N-linked glycans were extracted from several life-stages using enzymatic release and characterized using a combination of MALDI-TOF-MS and glycan sequencing techniques. Next, glycans were purified by HPLC and printed onto microarrays to assess the host anti-glycan antibody response. Comprehensive glycomic analysis of B. malayi revealed the presence of several putative antigenic motifs such as phosphorylcholine and terminal glucuronic acid. Glycan microarray screening showed a recognition of most B. malayi glycans by immunoglobulins from rhesus macaques at different time points after infection, which permitted the characterization of the dynamics of anti-glycan immunoglobulin G and M during the establishment of brugian filariasis. A significant level of IgG binding to the parasite glycans was also detected in infected human plasma, while IgG binding to glycans decreased after anthelmintic treatment. Altogether, our work identifies B. malayi glycan antigens and reveals antibody responses from the host that could be exploited as potential markers for LF. Antigenic B. malayi N-linked and GSL glycans were structurally defined. IgG/IgM is induced to a subset of B. malayi glycans upon infection of rhesus macaques. Preferential IgG response to B. malayi glycans observed in chronically infected humans. Marked drop of anti-glycan IgG following treatment of individuals with anthelminthic.
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10
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Morelli L, Lay L, Santana-Mederos D, Valdes-Balbin Y, Verez Bencomo V, van Diepen A, Hokke CH, Chiodo F, Compostella F. Glycan Array Evaluation of Synthetic Epitopes between the Capsular Polysaccharides from Streptococcus pneumoniae 19F and 19A. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:1671-1679. [PMID: 34469105 PMCID: PMC8453487 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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Vaccination represents
the most effective way to prevent invasive
pneumococcal diseases. The glycoconjugate vaccines licensed so far
are obtained from capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) of the most virulent
serotypes. Protection is largely limited to the specific vaccine serotypes,
and the continuous need for broader coverage to control the outbreak
of emerging serotypes is pushing the development of new vaccine candidates.
Indeed, the development of efficacious vaccine formulation is complicated
by the high number of bacterial serotypes with different CPSs. In
this context, to simplify vaccine composition, we propose the design
of new saccharide fragments containing chemical structures shared
by different serotypes as cross-reactive and potentially cross-protective
common antigens. In particular, we focused on Streptococcus
pneumoniae (Sp) 19A and 19F. The CPS repeating units of Sp
19F and 19A are very similar and share a common structure, the disaccharide
ManNAc-β-(1→4)-Glc (A-B). Herein, we describe the synthesis
of a small library of compounds containing different combinations
of the common 19F/19A disaccharide. The six new compounds were tested
with a glycan array to evaluate their recognition by antibodies in
reference group 19 antisera and factor reference antisera (reacting
against 19F or 19A). The disaccharide A-B, phosphorylated at the upstream
end, emerged as a hit from the glycan array screening because it is
strongly recognized by the group 19 antisera and by the 19F and 19A
factor antisera, with similar intensity compared with the CPSs used
as controls. Our data give a strong indication that the phosphorylated
disaccharide A-B can be considered a common epitope among different
Sp 19 serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Morelli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Saldini 50, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Luigi Lay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Angela van Diepen
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis H. Hokke
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Fabrizio Chiodo
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Italian National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Federica Compostella
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Saldini 50, 20133 Milano, Italy
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11
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Platts‐Mills TA, Hilger C, Jappe U, van Hage M, Gadermaier G, Spillner E, Lidholm J, Keshavarz B, Aalberse RC, van Ree R, Goodman RE, Pomés A. Carbohydrate epitopes currently recognized as targets for IgE antibodies. Allergy 2021; 76:2383-2394. [PMID: 33655520 DOI: 10.1111/all.14802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Until recently, glycan epitopes have not been documented by the WHO/IUIS Allergen Nomenclature Sub-Committee. This was in part due to scarce or incomplete information on these oligosaccharides, but also due to the widely held opinion that IgE to these epitopes had little or no relevance to allergic symptoms. Most IgE-binding glycans recognized up to 2008 were considered to be "classical" cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCD) that occur in insects, some helminths and throughout the plant kingdom. Since 2008, the prevailing opinion on lack of clinical relevance of IgE-binding glycans has been subject to a reevaluation. This was because IgE specific for the mammalian disaccharide galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal) was identified as a cause of delayed anaphylaxis to mammalian meat in the United States, an observation that has been confirmed by allergists in many parts of the world. Several experimental studies have shown that oligosaccharides with one or more terminal alpha-gal epitopes can be attached as a hapten to many different mammalian proteins or lipids. The classical CCDs also behave like haptens since they can be expressed on proteins from multiple species. This is the explanation for extensive in vitro cross-reactivity related to CCDs. Because of these developments, the Allergen Nomenclature Sub-Committee recently decided to include glycans as potentially allergenic epitopes in an adjunct section of its website (www.allergen.org). In this article, the features of the main glycan groups known to be involved in IgE recognition are revisited, and their characteristic structural, functional, and clinical features are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Platts‐Mills
- WHO/IUIS Allergen Nomenclature Sub‐Committee
- Division of Allergy and Immunology University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia USA
| | - Christiane Hilger
- WHO/IUIS Allergen Nomenclature Sub‐Committee
- Department of Infection and Immunity Luxembourg Institute of Health Esch‐sur‐Alzette Luxembourg
| | - Uta Jappe
- WHO/IUIS Allergen Nomenclature Sub‐Committee
- Division of Clinical and Molecular Allergology, Research Center Borstel AirwayResearch Center North (ARCN)German Center for Lung Research Borstel Germany
- Interdisciplinary Allergy Outpatient Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine and Pneumology University of Lübeck Lübeck Germany
| | - Marianne van Hage
- WHO/IUIS Allergen Nomenclature Sub‐Committee
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Immunology and Allergy Karolinska Institutet & Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Gabriele Gadermaier
- WHO/IUIS Allergen Nomenclature Sub‐Committee
- Department of Biosciences Paris Lodron University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | - Edzard Spillner
- WHO/IUIS Allergen Nomenclature Sub‐Committee
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Aarhus University Denmark
| | - Jonas Lidholm
- WHO/IUIS Allergen Nomenclature Sub‐Committee
- Thermo Fisher Scientific Uppsala Sweden
| | - Behnam Keshavarz
- Division of Allergy and Immunology University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia USA
| | - Rob C. Aalberse
- Department of Immunopathology Sanquin Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Ronald van Ree
- WHO/IUIS Allergen Nomenclature Sub‐Committee
- Departments of Experimental Immunology and of Otorhinolaryngology Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Richard E. Goodman
- WHO/IUIS Allergen Nomenclature Sub‐Committee
- Food Allergy Research & Resource Program University of Nebraska Lincoln Nebraska USA
| | - Anna Pomés
- WHO/IUIS Allergen Nomenclature Sub‐Committee
- Basic Research, Indoor Biotechnologies, Inc. Charlottesville Virginia USA
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12
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Harvey MR, Chiodo F, Noest W, Hokke CH, van der Marel GA, Codée JD. Synthesis and Antibody Binding Studies of Schistosome-Derived Oligo-α-(1-2)-l-Fucosides. Molecules 2021; 26:2246. [PMID: 33924587 PMCID: PMC8068878 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is caused by blood-dwelling parasitic trematodes of the genus Schistosoma and is classified by the WHO as the second most socioeconomically devastating parasitic disease, second only to malaria. Schistosoma expresses a complex array of glycans as part of glycoproteins and glycolipids that can be targeted by both the adaptive and the innate part of the immune system. Some of these glycans can be used for diagnostic purposes. A subgroup of schistosome glycans is decorated with unique α-(1-2)-fucosides and it has been shown that these often multi-fucosylated fragments are prime targets for antibodies generated during infection. Since these α-(1-2)-fucosides cannot be obtained in sufficient purity from biological sources, we set out to develop an effective route of synthesis towards α-(1-2)-oligofucosides of varying length. Here we describe the exploration of two different approaches, starting from either end of the fucose chains. The oligosaccharides have been attached to gold nanoparticles and used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ELISA and a microarray format to probe antibody binding. We show that binding to the oligofucosides of antibodies in sera of infected people depends on the length of the oligofucose chains, with the largest glycans showing most binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Harvey
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.R.H.); (F.C.); (W.N.); (G.A.v.d.M.)
| | - Fabrizio Chiodo
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.R.H.); (F.C.); (W.N.); (G.A.v.d.M.)
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Wouter Noest
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.R.H.); (F.C.); (W.N.); (G.A.v.d.M.)
| | - Cornelis H. Hokke
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Gijsbert A. van der Marel
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.R.H.); (F.C.); (W.N.); (G.A.v.d.M.)
| | - Jeroen D.C. Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.R.H.); (F.C.); (W.N.); (G.A.v.d.M.)
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13
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Nkurunungi G, Mpairwe H, Versteeg SA, Diepen A, Nassuuna J, Kabagenyi J, Nambuya I, Sanya RE, Nampijja M, Serna S, Reichardt N, Hokke CH, Webb EL, Ree R, Yazdanbakhsh M, Elliott AM. Cross-reactive carbohydrate determinant-specific IgE obscures true atopy and exhibits ⍺-1,3-fucose epitope-specific inverse associations with asthma. Allergy 2021; 76:233-246. [PMID: 32568414 PMCID: PMC7610925 DOI: 10.1111/all.14469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background In high-income, temperate countries, IgE to allergen extracts is a risk factor for, and mediator of, allergy-related diseases (ARDs). In the tropics, positive IgE tests are also prevalent, but rarely associated with ARD. Instead, IgE responses to ubiquitous cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs) on plant, insect and parasite glycoproteins, rather than to established major allergens, are dominant. Because anti-CCD IgE has limited clinical relevance, it may impact ARD phenotyping and assessment of contribution of atopy to ARD. Methods Using an allergen extract-based test, a glycan and an allergen (glyco)protein microarray, we mapped IgE fine specificity among Ugandan rural Schistosoma mansoni (Sm)-endemic communities, proximate urban communities, and importantly in asthmatic and nonasthmatic schoolchildren. Results Overall, IgE sensitization to extracts was highly prevalent (43%-73%) but allergen arrays indicated that this was not attributable to established major allergenic components of the extracts (0%-36%); instead, over 40% of all participants recognized CCD-bearing components. Using glycan arrays, we dissected IgE responses to specific glycan moieties and found that reactivity to classical CCD epitopes (core β-1,2-xylose, α-1,3-fucose) was positively associated with sensitization to extracts, rural environment and Sm infection, but not with skin reactivity to extracts or sensitization to their major allergenic components. Interestingly, we discovered that reactivity to only a subset of core α-1,3-fucose-carrying N-glycans was inversely associated with asthma. Conclusions CCD reactivity is not just an epiphenomenon of parasite exposure hampering specificity of allergy diagnostics; mechanistic studies should investigate whether specific CCD moieties identified here are implicated in the protective effect of certain environmental exposures against asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyaviira Nkurunungi
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI and LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit Entebbe Uganda
- Department of Clinical Research London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK
| | - Harriet Mpairwe
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI and LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit Entebbe Uganda
| | - Serge A. Versteeg
- Departments of Experimental Immunology and of Otorhinolaryngology Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AMC) Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Angela Diepen
- Department of Parasitology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Jacent Nassuuna
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI and LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit Entebbe Uganda
| | - Joyce Kabagenyi
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI and LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit Entebbe Uganda
| | - Irene Nambuya
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI and LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit Entebbe Uganda
| | - Richard E. Sanya
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI and LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit Entebbe Uganda
- College of Health Sciences Makerere University Kampala Uganda
| | - Margaret Nampijja
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI and LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit Entebbe Uganda
| | - Sonia Serna
- Glycotechnology Laboratory Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biomateriales (CIC biomaGUNE) San Sebastián Spain
| | - Niels‐Christian Reichardt
- Glycotechnology Laboratory Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biomateriales (CIC biomaGUNE) San Sebastián Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER‐BBN) San Sebastián Spain
| | - Cornelis H. Hokke
- Department of Parasitology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Emily L. Webb
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group London UK
| | - Ronald Ree
- Departments of Experimental Immunology and of Otorhinolaryngology Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AMC) Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Maria Yazdanbakhsh
- Department of Parasitology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Alison M. Elliott
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI and LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit Entebbe Uganda
- Department of Clinical Research London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK
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14
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van Noort K, Nguyen DL, Kriechbaumer V, Hawes C, Hokke CH, Schots A, Wilbers RHP. Functional characterization of Schistosoma mansoni fucosyltransferases in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18528. [PMID: 33116178 PMCID: PMC7595089 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74485-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Helminth parasites secrete a wide variety of immunomodulatory proteins and lipids to dampen host immune responses. Many of these immunomodulatory compounds are modified with complex sugar structures (or glycans), which play an important role at the host-parasite interface. As an example, the human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni produces highly fucosylated glycan structures on glycoproteins and glycolipids. Up to 20 different S. mansoni fucosyltransferase (SmFucT) genes can be found in genome databases, but thus far only one enzyme has been functionally characterized. To unravel the synthesis of highly fucosylated N-glycans by S. mansoni, we examined the ability of ten selected SmFucTs to modify N-glycans upon transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. All enzymes were localized in the plant Golgi apparatus, which allowed us to identify the SmFucTs involved in core fucosylation and the synthesis of complex antennary glycan motifs. This knowledge provides a starting point for investigations into the role of specific fucosylated glycan motifs of schistosomes in parasite-host interactions. The functionally characterized SmFucTs can also be applied to synthesize complex N-glycan structures on recombinant proteins to study their contribution to immunomodulation. Furthermore, this plant expression system will fuel the development of helminth glycoproteins for pharmaceutical applications or novel anti-helminth vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim van Noort
- Laboratory of Nematology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dieu-Linh Nguyen
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Verena Kriechbaumer
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Chris Hawes
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Cornelis H Hokke
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen Schots
- Laboratory of Nematology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud H P Wilbers
- Laboratory of Nematology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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15
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Park H, Jung J, Rodrigues E, Kitova EN, Macauley MS, Klassen JS. Mass Spectrometry-Based Shotgun Glycomics for Discovery of Natural Ligands of Glycan-Binding Proteins. Anal Chem 2020; 92:14012-14020. [PMID: 32936606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glycans attached to lipids and membrane-bound and secreted proteins and peptides mediate many important physiological and pathophysiological processes through interactions with glycan-binding proteins (GBPs). However, uncovering functional glycan ligands is challenging due to the large number of naturally occurring glycan structures, the limited availability of glycans in their purified form, the low affinities of GBP-glycan interactions, and limitations in existing binding assays. This work explores the application of catch-and-release electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (CaR-ESI-MS) for screening libraries of N-glycans derived from natural sources. The assay was tested by screening a small-defined library of complex N-glycans at equimolar concentrations against plant and human GBPs with known specificities for either α2-3- or α2-6-linked sialosides, with affinities in the millimolar to micromolar range. Validation experiments, performed in negative ion mode, revealed that bound N-glycan ligands are readily released, as intact deprotonated ions, from GBPs in the gas phase using collision-induced dissociation. Moreover, the relative abundances of the released ligands closely match their solution affinities. The results obtained for a natural N-glycan library produced from cultured immune cells serve to highlight the ease with which CaR-ESI-MS can screen complex mixtures of N-glycans for interactions. Additionally, scaling the relative abundances of released glycan ligands according to their relative abundances in solution, as determined by hydrophilic interaction-ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography of the fluorescently labeled library, allows the relative affinities of glycan ligands to be ranked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heajin Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Jaesoo Jung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Emily Rodrigues
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Elena N Kitova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Matthew S Macauley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - John S Klassen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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16
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Luetscher RND, McKitrick TR, Gao C, Mehta AY, McQuillan AM, Kardish R, Boligan KF, Song X, Lu L, Heimburg-Molinaro J, von Gunten S, Alter G, Cummings RD. Unique repertoire of anti-carbohydrate antibodies in individual human serum. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15436. [PMID: 32963315 PMCID: PMC7509809 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71967-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Humoral immunity to pathogens and other environmental challenges is paramount to maintain normal health, and individuals lacking or unable to make antibodies are at risk. Recent studies indicate that many human protective antibodies are against carbohydrate antigens; however, little is known about repertoires and individual variation of anti-carbohydrate antibodies in healthy individuals. Here we analyzed anti-carbohydrate antibody repertoires (ACARs) of 105 healthy individual adult donors, aged 20-60+ from different ethnic backgrounds to explore variations in antibodies, as defined by binding to glycan microarrays and by affinity purification. Using microarrays that contained > 1,000 glycans, including antigens from animal cells and microbes, we profiled the IgG and IgM ACARs from all donors. Each donor expressed many ACAs, but had a relatively unique ACAR, which included unanticipated antibodies to carbohydrate antigens not well studied, such as chitin oligosaccharides, Forssman-related antigens, globo-type antigens, and bacterial glycans. We also saw some expected antibodies to ABO(H) blood group and α-Gal-type antigens, although these also varied among individuals. Analysis suggests differences in ACARs are associated with ethnicity and age. Thus, each individual ACAR is relatively unique, suggesting that individualized information could be useful in precision medicine for predicting and monitoring immune health and resistance to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph N D Luetscher
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, National Center for Functional Glycomics, CLS 11087 - 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tanya R McKitrick
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, National Center for Functional Glycomics, CLS 11087 - 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, National Center for Functional Glycomics, CLS 11087 - 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Akul Y Mehta
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, National Center for Functional Glycomics, CLS 11087 - 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alyssa M McQuillan
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, National Center for Functional Glycomics, CLS 11087 - 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Robert Kardish
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, National Center for Functional Glycomics, CLS 11087 - 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Scienion US, 2640 West Medtronic Way, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | | | - Xuezheng Song
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Lenette Lu
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jamie Heimburg-Molinaro
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, National Center for Functional Glycomics, CLS 11087 - 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - Galit Alter
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, National Center for Functional Glycomics, CLS 11087 - 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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17
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Pham J, Hernandez A, Cioce A, Achilli S, Goti G, Vivès C, Thepaut M, Bernardi A, Fieschi F, Reichardt NC. Chemo-Enzymatic Synthesis of S. mansoni O-Glycans and Their Evaluation as Ligands for C-Type Lectin Receptors MGL, DC-SIGN, and DC-SIGNR. Chemistry 2020; 26:12818-12830. [PMID: 32939912 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Due to their interactions with C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), glycans from the helminth Schistosoma mansoni represent promising leads for treatment of autoimmune diseases, allergies or cancer. We chemo-enzymatically synthesized nine O-glycans based on the two predominant O-glycan cores observed in the infectious stages of schistosomiasis, the mucin core 2 and the S. mansoni core. The O-glycans were fucosylated next to a selection of N-glycans directly on a microarray slide using a recombinant fucosyltransferase and GDP-fucose or GDP-6-azidofucose as donor. Binding assays with fluorescently labelled human CLRs DC-SIGN, DC-SIGNR and MGL revealed the novel O-glycan O8 as the best ligand for MGL from our panel. Significant binding to DC-SIGN was also found for azido-fucosylated glycans. Contrasting binding specificities were observed between the monovalent carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) and the tetravalent extracellular domain (ECD) of DC-SIGNR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Pham
- CIC biomaGUNE, Glycotechnology Group, Paseo Miramón 182, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Alvaro Hernandez
- CIC biomaGUNE, Glycotechnology Group, Paseo Miramón 182, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain.,Asparia Glycomics S.L., Mikeletegi 83, 20009, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Anna Cioce
- CIC biomaGUNE, Glycotechnology Group, Paseo Miramón 182, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Silvia Achilli
- CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38100, Grenoble, France.,Present address: DCM, UMR 5250, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Giulio Goti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Corinne Vivès
- CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38100, Grenoble, France
| | - Michel Thepaut
- CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38100, Grenoble, France
| | - Anna Bernardi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Franck Fieschi
- CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38100, Grenoble, France
| | - Niels-Christian Reichardt
- CIC biomaGUNE, Glycotechnology Group, Paseo Miramón 182, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain.,CIBER-BBN, Paseo Miramón 182, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain.,Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramón 182, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
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18
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Kuipers ME, Nolte-'t Hoen ENM, van der Ham AJ, Ozir-Fazalalikhan A, Nguyen DL, de Korne CM, Koning RI, Tomes JJ, Hoffmann KF, Smits HH, Hokke CH. DC-SIGN mediated internalisation of glycosylated extracellular vesicles from Schistosoma mansoni increases activation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells. J Extracell Vesicles 2020; 9:1753420. [PMID: 32489529 PMCID: PMC7241508 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2020.1753420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Helminths like Schistosoma mansoni release excretory/secretory (E/S) products that modulate host immunity to enable infection. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are among these E/S products, yet molecular mechanisms and functionality of S. mansoni EV interaction with host immune cells is unknown. Here we demonstrate that EVs released by S. mansoni schistosomula are internalised by human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs). Importantly, we show that this uptake was mainly mediated via DC-SIGN (CD209). Blocking DC-SIGN almost completely abrogated EV uptake, while blocking mannose receptor (MR, CD206) or dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR, CLEC4A) had no effect on EV uptake. Mass spectrometric analysis of EV glycans revealed the presence of surface N-glycans with terminal Galβ1-4(Fucα1-3)GlcNAc (LewisX) motifs, and a wide array of fucosylated lipid-linked glycans, including LewisX, a known ligand for DC-SIGN. Stimulation of moDCs with schistosomula EVs led to increased expression of costimulatory molecules CD86 and CD80 and regulatory surface marker PD-L1. Furthermore, schistosomula EVs increased expression of IL-12 and IL-10 by moDCs, which was partly dependent on the interaction with DC-SIGN. These results provide the first evidence that glycosylation of S. mansoni EVs facilitates the interaction with host immune cells and reveals a role for DC-SIGN and EV-associated glycoconjugates in parasite-induced immune modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marije E Kuipers
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Esther N M Nolte-'t Hoen
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Alwin J van der Ham
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - D Linh Nguyen
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Clarize M de Korne
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Roman I Koning
- Department of Cell & Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - John J Tomes
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Karl F Hoffmann
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Hermelijn H Smits
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Cornelis H Hokke
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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19
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Yang YYM, Wilson RA, Thomas SRL, Kariuki TM, van Diepen A, Hokke CH. Micro Array-Assisted Analysis of Anti-Schistosome Glycan Antibodies Elicited by Protective Vaccination With Irradiated Cercariae. J Infect Dis 2020; 219:1671-1680. [PMID: 30561696 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Baboons vaccinated with radiation-attenuated cercariae develop high levels of protection against schistosome infection, correlating to high antibody titres towards schistosome antigens with unknown molecular identity. Using a microarray consisting of glycans isolated from different life-stages of schistosomes, we studied the anti-glycan immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgM responses in vaccinated and challenged baboons over a time course of 25 weeks. Anti-glycan IgM responses developed early after vaccination, but did not rise in response to later vaccinations. In contrast, anti-glycan IgG developed more slowly, but was boosted by all five subsequent vaccinations. High IgM and IgG levels against O-glycans and glycosphingolipid glycans of cercariae were observed. At the time of challenge, while most antibody levels decreased in the absence of vaccination, IgG towards a subset of glycans containing multiple-fucosylated motifs remained high until 6 weeks post-challenge during challenge parasite elimination, suggesting a possible role of this IgG in protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Michelle Yang
- Department of Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - R Alan Wilson
- Centre for Immunology & Infection, Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Steffan R L Thomas
- Department of Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas M Kariuki
- The Alliance for Accelerating Excellence in Science in Africa, Africa Academy of Sciences, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Angela van Diepen
- Department of Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis H Hokke
- Department of Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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20
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Cummings RD. "Stuck on sugars - how carbohydrates regulate cell adhesion, recognition, and signaling". Glycoconj J 2019; 36:241-257. [PMID: 31267247 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-019-09876-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We have explored the fundamental biological processes by which complex carbohydrates expressed on cellular glycoproteins and glycolipids and in secretions of cells promote cell adhesion and signaling. We have also explored processes by which animal pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, and parasites adhere to glycans of animal cells and initiate disease. Glycans important in cell signaling and adhesion, such as key O-glycans, are essential for proper animal development and cellular differentiation, but they are also involved in many pathogenic processes, including inflammation, tumorigenesis and metastasis, and microbial and parasitic pathogenesis. The overall hypothesis guiding these studies is that glycoconjugates are recognized and bound by a growing class of proteins called glycan-binding proteins (GBPs or lectins) expressed by all types of cells. There is an incredible variety and diversity of GBPs in animal cells involved in binding N- and O-glycans, glycosphingolipids, and proteoglycan/glycosaminoglycans. We have specifically studied such molecular determinants recognized by selectins, galectins, and many other C-type lectins, involved in leukocyte recruitment to sites of inflammation in human tissues, lymphocyte trafficking, adhesion of human viruses to human cells, structure and immunogenicity of glycoproteins on the surfaces of human parasites. We have also explored the molecular basis of glycoconjugate biosynthesis by exploring the enzymes and molecular chaperones required for correct protein glycosylation. From these studies opportunities for translational biology have arisen, involving production of function-blocking antibodies, anti-glycan specific antibodies, and synthetic glycoconjugates, e.g. glycosulfopeptides, that specifically are recognized by GBPs. This invited short review is based in part on my presentation for the IGO Award 2019 given by the International Glycoconjugate Organization in Milan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Cummings
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, CLS 11087 - 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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21
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Abstract
Many invertebrates are either parasites themselves or vectors involved in parasite transmission; thereby, the interactions of parasites with final or intermediate hosts are often mediated by glycans. Therefore, it is of interest to compare the glycan structures or motifs present across invertebrate species. While a typical vertebrate modification such as sialic acid is rare in lower animals, antennal and core modifications of N-glycans are highly varied and range from core fucose, galactosylated fucose, fucosylated galactose, methyl groups, glucuronic acid and sulphate through to addition of zwitterionic moieties (phosphorylcholine, phosphoethanolamine and aminoethylphosphonate). Only in some cases are the enzymatic bases and the biological function of these modifications known. We are indeed still in the phase of discovering invertebrate glycomes primarily using mass spectrometry, but molecular biology and microarraying techniques are complementary to the determination of novel glycan structures and their functions.
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22
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Nkurunungi G, van Diepen A, Nassuuna J, Sanya RE, Nampijja M, Nambuya I, Kabagenyi J, Serna S, Reichardt NC, van Ree R, Webb EL, Elliott AM, Yazdanbakhsh M, Hokke CH. Microarray assessment of N-glycan-specific IgE and IgG profiles associated with Schistosoma mansoni infection in rural and urban Uganda. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3522. [PMID: 30837526 PMCID: PMC6401159 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Core β-1,2-xylose and α-1,3-fucose are antigenic motifs on schistosome N-glycans, as well as prominent IgE targets on some plant and insect glycoproteins. To map the association of schistosome infection with responses to these motifs, we assessed plasma IgE and IgG reactivity using microarray technology among Ugandans from rural Schistosoma mansoni (Sm)-endemic islands (n = 209), and from proximate urban communities with lower Sm exposure (n = 62). IgE and IgG responses to core β-1,2-xylose and α-1,3-fucose modified N-glycans were higher in rural versus urban participants. Among rural participants, IgE and IgG to core β-1,2-xylose were positively associated with Sm infection and concentration peaks coincided with the infection intensity peak in early adolescence. Responses to core α-1,3-fucose were elevated regardless of Sm infection status and peaked before the infection peak. Among urban participants, Sm infection intensity was predominantly light and positively associated with responses to both motifs. Principal component and hierarchical cluster analysis reduced the data to a set of variables that captured core β-1,2-xylose- and α-1,3-fucose-specific responses, and confirmed associations with Sm and the rural environment. Responses to core β-1,2-xylose and α-1,3-fucose have distinctive relationships with Sm infection and intensity that should further be explored for associations with protective immunity, and cross-reactivity with other exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyaviira Nkurunungi
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI and LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda. .,Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Angela van Diepen
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jacent Nassuuna
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI and LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Richard E Sanya
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI and LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda.,College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Margaret Nampijja
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI and LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Irene Nambuya
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI and LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Joyce Kabagenyi
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI and LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Sonia Serna
- Glycotechnology Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biomateriales (CIC biomaGUNE), San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Niels-Christian Reichardt
- Glycotechnology Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biomateriales (CIC biomaGUNE), San Sebastián, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ronald van Ree
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Departments of Experimental Immunology and of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emily L Webb
- MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alison M Elliott
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI and LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda.,Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Yazdanbakhsh
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis H Hokke
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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23
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Geissner A, Reinhardt A, Rademacher C, Johannssen T, Monteiro J, Lepenies B, Thépaut M, Fieschi F, Mrázková J, Wimmerova M, Schuhmacher F, Götze S, Grünstein D, Guo X, Hahm HS, Kandasamy J, Leonori D, Martin CE, Parameswarappa SG, Pasari S, Schlegel MK, Tanaka H, Xiao G, Yang Y, Pereira CL, Anish C, Seeberger PH. Microbe-focused glycan array screening platform. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:1958-1967. [PMID: 30670663 PMCID: PMC6369816 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1800853116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between glycans and glycan binding proteins are essential for numerous processes in all kingdoms of life. Glycan microarrays are an excellent tool to examine protein-glycan interactions. Here, we present a microbe-focused glycan microarray platform based on oligosaccharides obtained by chemical synthesis. Glycans were generated by combining different carbohydrate synthesis approaches including automated glycan assembly, solution-phase synthesis, and chemoenzymatic methods. The current library of more than 300 glycans is as diverse as the mammalian glycan array from the Consortium for Functional Glycomics and, due to its microbial focus, highly complementary. This glycan platform is essential for the characterization of various classes of glycan binding proteins. Applications of this glycan array platform are highlighted by the characterization of innate immune receptors and bacterial virulence factors as well as the analysis of human humoral immunity to pathogenic glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Geissner
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Reinhardt
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Timo Johannssen
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - João Monteiro
- Immunology Unit and Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Bernd Lepenies
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Immunology Unit and Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Michel Thépaut
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biologie Structurale, F-38044 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale, F-38044 Grenoble, France
- Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Structurale, F-38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Franck Fieschi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biologie Structurale, F-38044 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale, F-38044 Grenoble, France
- Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Structurale, F-38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Jana Mrázková
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Wimmerova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Frank Schuhmacher
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Götze
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dan Grünstein
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Xiaoqiang Guo
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heung Sik Hahm
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeyakumar Kandasamy
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Daniele Leonori
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christopher E Martin
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Sandip Pasari
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Mark K Schlegel
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Hidenori Tanaka
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - You Yang
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Claney L Pereira
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Chakkumkal Anish
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany;
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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24
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Martini F, Eckmair B, Štefanić S, Jin C, Garg M, Yan S, Jiménez-Castells C, Hykollari A, Neupert C, Venco L, Varón Silva D, Wilson IBH, Paschinger K. Highly modified and immunoactive N-glycans of the canine heartworm. Nat Commun 2019; 10:75. [PMID: 30622255 PMCID: PMC6325117 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07948-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) is a mosquito-borne parasitic nematode whose range is extending due to climate change. In a four-dimensional analysis involving HPLC, MALDI-TOF–MS and MS/MS in combination with chemical and enzymatic digestions, we here reveal an N-glycome of unprecedented complexity. We detect N-glycans of up to 7000 Da, which contain long fucosylated HexNAc-based repeats, as well as glucuronylated structures. While some modifications including LacdiNAc, chitobiose, α1,3-fucose and phosphorylcholine are familiar, anionic N-glycans have previously not been reported in nematodes. Glycan array data show that the neutral glycans are preferentially recognised by IgM in dog sera or by mannose binding lectin when antennal fucose and phosphorylcholine residues are removed; this pattern of reactivity is reversed for mammalian C-reactive protein, which can in turn be bound by the complement component C1q. Thereby, the N-glycans of D. immitis contain features which may either mediate immunomodulation of the host or confer the ability to avoid immune surveillance. The glycome of parasites can have immunomodulatory properties or help to avoid immune surveillance, but details are unknown. Here, Martini et al. characterize the N-glycome of the canine heartworm, reveal an unprecedented complexity, particularly in anionic N-glycans, and determine recognition by components of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Eckmair
- Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Wien, Austria
| | - Saša Štefanić
- Institute of Parasitology, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstraße 266a, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Chunsheng Jin
- Institutionen för Biomedicin, Göteborgs Universitet, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Monika Garg
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung, Biomolekulare Systeme, 14424, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Shi Yan
- Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Wien, Austria.,Institut für Parasitologie, Veterinärmedizinische Universität, 1210, Wien, Austria
| | | | - Alba Hykollari
- Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Wien, Austria
| | | | - Luigi Venco
- Clinica Veterinaria Lago Maggiore, Arona, 28040, Italy
| | - Daniel Varón Silva
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung, Biomolekulare Systeme, 14424, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Iain B H Wilson
- Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Wien, Austria.
| | - Katharina Paschinger
- Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Wien, Austria
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25
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Yang YYM, van Diepen A, Brzezicka K, Reichardt NC, Hokke CH. Glycan Microarray-Assisted Identification of IgG Subclass Targets in Schistosomiasis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2331. [PMID: 30356796 PMCID: PMC6190862 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with schistosomes is accompanied by the induction of antibodies against the parasite. Despite having IgG against both protein and glycan antigens, infected individuals remain chronically infected until treated, and re-infection is common in endemic areas as immunity does not develop effectively. Parasite specific IgG subclasses may differ in functionality and effectivity with respect to effector functions that contribute to parasite killing and immunity. In this study, we investigated if specific IgG subclasses target specific antigenic schistosome glycan motifs during human infection. Sera from 41 S. mansoni infected individuals from an endemic area in Uganda were incubated on two glycan microarrays, one consisting of a large repertoire of schistosome glycoprotein- and glycolipid- derived glycans and the other consisting of chemically synthesized core xylosylated and fucosylated N-glycans also expressed by schistosomes. Our results show that highly antigenic glycan motifs, such as multi-fucosylated terminal GalNAc(β1-4)GlcNAc (LDN) can be recognized by all IgG subclasses of infection sera, however with highly variable intensities. Detailed examination of core-modified N-glycan targets revealed individual antibody responses specific for core-xylosylated and core α3-fucosylated glycan motifs that are life stage specifically expressed by schistosomes. IgG1 and IgG3 were detected against a range of N-glycan core structures, but IgG2 and IgG4, when present, were specific for the core α3-fucose and xylose motifs that were previously found to be IgE targets in schistosomiasis, and in allergies. This study is the first to address IgG subclass responses to defined helminth glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Michelle Yang
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Angela van Diepen
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Katarzyna Brzezicka
- Glycotechnology Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biomateriales (CIC biomaGUNE), San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Niels-Christian Reichardt
- Glycotechnology Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biomateriales (CIC biomaGUNE), San Sebastián, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Cornelis H Hokke
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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van der Es D, Berni F, Hogendorf WFJ, Meeuwenoord N, Laverde D, van Diepen A, Overkleeft HS, Filippov DV, Hokke CH, Huebner J, van der Marel GA, Codée JDC. Streamlined Synthesis and Evaluation of Teichoic Acid Fragments. Chemistry 2018; 24:4014-4018. [PMID: 29389054 PMCID: PMC5887911 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Teichoic acids (TAs) are key components of the Gram-positive bacterial cell wall that are composed of alditol phosphate repeating units, decorated with alanine or carbohydrate appendages. Because of their microhetereogeneity, pure well-defined TAs for biological or immunological evaluation cannot be obtained from natural sources. We present here a streamlined automated solid-phase synthesis approach for the rapid generation of well-defined glycosylated, glycerol-based TA oligomers. Building on the use of a "universal" linker system and fluorous tag purification strategy, a library of glycerolphosphate pentadecamers, decorated with various carbohydrate appendages, is generated. These are used to create a structurally diverse TA-microarray, which is used to reveal, for the first time, the binding preferences of anti-LTA (lipoteichoic acids) antibodies at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan van der Es
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 55, 2333CCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Francesca Berni
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 55, 2333CCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Wouter F. J. Hogendorf
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 55, 2333CCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Nico Meeuwenoord
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 55, 2333CCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Diana Laverde
- Division of Paediatric Infectious DiseasesDr. von Hauner Children's HospitalLudwig-Maximilians-UniversityMunichGermany
| | - Angela van Diepen
- Department of ParasitologyLeiden University Medical CenterAlbinusdreef 22333 ZALeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Herman S. Overkleeft
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 55, 2333CCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Dmitri V. Filippov
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 55, 2333CCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Cornelis H. Hokke
- Department of ParasitologyLeiden University Medical CenterAlbinusdreef 22333 ZALeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Johannes Huebner
- Division of Paediatric Infectious DiseasesDr. von Hauner Children's HospitalLudwig-Maximilians-UniversityMunichGermany
| | | | - Jeroen D. C. Codée
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 55, 2333CCLeidenThe Netherlands
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Abstract
Glycosylation is an important post-translational modification that is required for structural and stability purposes and functional roles such as signalling, attachment and shielding. Many human pathogens such as bacteria display an array of carbohydrates on their surface that are non-self to the host; others such as viruses highjack the host-cell machinery and present self-carbohydrates sometimes arranged in a non-self more immunogenic manner. In combination with carrier proteins, these glycan structures can be highly immunogenic. During natural infection, glycan-binding antibodies are often elicited that correlate with long-lasting protection. A great amount of research has been invested in carbohydrate vaccine design to elicit such an immune response, which has led to the development of vaccines against the bacterial pathogens Haemophilus influenzae type b, Streptococcus pneumonia and Neisseria meningitidis. Other vaccines, e.g. against HIV-1, are still in development, but promising progress has been made with the isolation of broadly neutralizing glycan-binding antibodies and the engineering of stable trimeric envelope glycoproteins. Carbohydrate vaccines against other pathogens such as viruses (Dengue, Hepatitis C), parasites (Plasmodium) and fungi (Candida) are at different stages of development. This chapter will discuss the challenges in inducing cross-reactive carbohydrate-targeting antibodies and progress towards carbohydrate vaccines.
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Yang YYM, Li XH, Brzezicka K, Reichardt NC, Wilson RA, van Diepen A, Hokke CH. Specific anti-glycan antibodies are sustained during and after parasite clearance in Schistosoma japonicum-infected rhesus macaques. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005339. [PMID: 28151933 PMCID: PMC5308859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human immunity to Schistosoma infection requires many years of exposure, and multiple infections and treatments to develop. Unlike humans, rhesus macaques clear an established schistosome infection naturally at the same time acquiring immunity towards re-infection. In macaques, schistosome egg production decreases after 8 weeks post-infection and by week 22, physiological impairment of the worm caused by unclarified antibody-mediated processes is observed. Since strong antibody responses have been observed against schistosome glycan antigens in human and animal infections, we here investigate if anti-glycan antibodies are associated with immunity against schistosome infections in macaques. Methods We used a microarray containing a large repertoire of glycoprotein- and glycolipid-derived glycans from different schistosome life stages to analyse anti-glycan serum IgG and IgM from S. japonicum-infected macaques during the course of infection and self-cure. We also used an in vitro schistosomula assay to investigate whether macaque sera containing anti-glycan antibodies can kill schistosomula. Conclusions/significance Antibody responses towards schistosome glycans at week 4 post-infection were dominated by IgM while IgG was high at week 8. The profound increase in IgG was observed mainly for antibodies towards a large subset of glycans that contain (multi-)fucosylated terminal GalNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (LDN), and Galβ1-4(Fucα1–3)GlcNAc (LeX) motifs. In general, glycans with a higher degree of fucosylation gave rise to stronger antibody responses than non-fucosylated glycans. Interestingly, even though many IgG and IgM responses had declined by week 22 post-infection, IgG towards O-glycans with highly fucosylated LDN motifs remained. When incubating macaque serum with schistosomula in vitro, schistosomula death was positively correlated with the duration of infection of macaques; macaque serum taken 22 weeks post-infection caused most schistosomula to die, suggesting the presence of potentially protective antibodies. We hypothesize that IgGs against highly fucosylated LDN motifs that remain when the worms deteriorate are associated with infection clearance and the resistance to re-infection in macaques. Schistosomes express many glycan antigens to which antibodies are raised by the infected host. These glycans may therefore form potential vaccine targets. Unlike humans where the disease persists chronically if not treated, schistosome-infected rhesus macaques are able to elicit a self-cure process naturally. To find out if anti-glycan responses could contribute to the natural clearance process, we followed the dynamics of anti-glycan serum antibodies in Schistosoma-infected macaques in a longitudinal study starting from the onset of infection until 22 weeks post-infection, when the macaques had eliminated most of the parasites. We found that sera of macaques taken after 22 weeks of infection contained high IgG titres towards specific schistosome glycan epitopes highly abundant on schistosome larvae. Moreover, infected macaque serum at week 22 was able to kill schistosomula in vitro. Our results suggest that anti-glycan antibodies play an important role in the self-cure process and the acquired resistance to re-infection in Schistosoma infected macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Y. Michelle Yang
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Xiao Hong Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Key Laboratory of Parasitology and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - R. Alan Wilson
- Centre for Immunology & Infection, Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Angela van Diepen
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Cornelis H. Hokke
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Hokke CH, van Diepen A. Helminth glycomics - glycan repertoires and host-parasite interactions. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2016; 215:47-57. [PMID: 27939587 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Glycoproteins and glycolipids of parasitic helminths play important roles in biology and host-parasite interaction. This review discusses recent helminth glycomics studies that have been expanding our insights into the glycan repertoire of helminths. Structural data are integrated with biological and immunological observations to highlight how glycomics advances our understanding of the critical roles that glycans and glycan motifs play in helminth infection biology. Prospects and challenges in helminth glycomics and glycobiology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelis H Hokke
- Parasite Glycobiology Group, Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Angela van Diepen
- Parasite Glycobiology Group, Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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30
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Ravidà A, Cwiklinski K, Aldridge AM, Clarke P, Thompson R, Gerlach JQ, Kilcoyne M, Hokke CH, Dalton JP, O'Neill SM. Fasciola hepatica Surface Tegument: Glycoproteins at the Interface of Parasite and Host. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:3139-3153. [PMID: 27466253 PMCID: PMC5054340 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.059774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasciola hepatica, commonly known as liver fluke, is a trematode that causes Fasciolosis in ruminants and humans. The outer tegumental coat of F. hepatica (FhTeg) is a complex metabolically active biological matrix that is continually exposed to the host immune system and therefore makes a good vaccine target. F. hepatica tegumental coat is highly glycosylated and helminth-derived immunogenic oligosaccharide motifs and glycoproteins are currently being investigated as novel vaccine candidates. This report presents the first systematic characterization of FhTeg glycosylation using lectin microarrays to characterize carbohydrates motifs present, and lectin histochemistry to localize these on the F. hepatica tegument. We discovered that FhTeg glycoproteins are predominantly oligomannose oligosaccharides that are expressed on the spines, suckers and tegumental coat of F. hepatica and lectin blot analysis confirmed the abundance of N- glycosylated proteins. Although some oligosaccharides are widely distributed on the fluke surface other subsets are restricted to distinct anatomical regions. We selectively enriched for FhTeg mannosylated glycoprotein subsets using lectin affinity chromatography and identified 369 proteins by mass spectrometric analysis. Among these proteins are a number of potential vaccine candidates with known immune modulatory properties including proteases, protease inhibitors, paramyosin, Venom Allergen-like II, Enolase and two proteins, nardilysin and TRIL, that have not been previously associated with F. hepatica. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive insight regarding the putative glycosylation of FhTeg components that could highlight the importance of further studies examining glycoconjugates in host-parasite interactions in the context of F. hepatica infection and the development of an effective vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Ravidà
- From the ‡Fundamental and Translational Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Krystyna Cwiklinski
- §School of Biological Sciences, Medical Biology Centre (MBC), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Allison M Aldridge
- From the ‡Fundamental and Translational Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Paul Clarke
- ¶Glycoselect, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9
| | | | - Jared Q Gerlach
- ‖Glycoscience Group, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland; **Regenerative Medicine Institute, NUI Galway, Ireland
| | - Michelle Kilcoyne
- ‖Glycoscience Group, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland; ‡‡Carbohydrate Signalling Group, Microbiology, NUI Galway, Ireland
| | - Cornelis H Hokke
- §§Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - John P Dalton
- §School of Biological Sciences, Medical Biology Centre (MBC), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Sandra M O'Neill
- From the ‡Fundamental and Translational Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland;
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Geissner A, Seeberger PH. Glycan Arrays: From Basic Biochemical Research to Bioanalytical and Biomedical Applications. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2016; 9:223-47. [PMID: 27306309 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A major branch of glycobiology and glycan-focused biomedicine studies the interaction between carbohydrates and other biopolymers, most importantly, glycan-binding proteins. Today, this research into glycan-biopolymer interaction is unthinkable without glycan arrays, tools that enable high-throughput analysis of carbohydrate interaction partners. Glycan arrays offer many applications in basic biochemical research, for example, defining the specificity of glycosyltransferases and lectins such as immune receptors. Biomedical applications include the characterization and surveillance of influenza strains, identification of biomarkers for cancer and infection, and profiling of immune responses to vaccines. Here, we review major applications of glycan arrays both in basic and applied research. Given the dynamic nature of this rapidly developing field, we focus on recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Geissner
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
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Identification of Antigenic Glycans from Schistosoma mansoni by Using a Shotgun Egg Glycan Microarray. Infect Immun 2016; 84:1371-1386. [PMID: 26883596 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01349-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection of mammals by the parasitic helminth Schistosoma mansoni induces antibodies to glycan antigens in worms and eggs, but the differential nature of the immune response among infected mammals is poorly understood. To better define these responses, we used a shotgun glycomics approach in which N-glycans from schistosome egg glycoproteins were prepared, derivatized, separated, and used to generate an egg shotgun glycan microarray. This array was interrogated with sera from infected mice, rhesus monkeys, and humans and with glycan-binding proteins and antibodies to gather information about the structures of antigenic glycans, which also were analyzed by mass spectrometry. A major glycan antigen targeted by IgG from different infected species is the FLDNF epitope [Fucα3GalNAcβ4(Fucα3)GlcNAc-R], which is also recognized by the IgG monoclonal antibody F2D2. The FLDNF antigen is expressed by all life stages of the parasite in mammalian hosts, and F2D2 can kill schistosomula in vitro in a complement-dependent manner. Different antisera also recognized other glycan determinants, including core β-xylose and highly fucosylated glycans. Thus, the natural shotgun glycan microarray of schistosome eggs is useful in identifying antigenic glycans and in developing new anti-glycan reagents that may have diagnostic applications and contribute to developing new vaccines against schistosomiasis.
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Factors Affecting Anti-Glycan IgG and IgM Repertoires in Human Serum. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19509. [PMID: 26781493 PMCID: PMC4726023 DOI: 10.1038/srep19509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum anti-glycan antibodies play important roles in many immune processes and are of particular interest as biomarkers for many diseases. Changes in anti-glycan antibodies can occur with the onset of disease or in response to stimuli such as pathogens and vaccination. Understanding relationships between anti-glycan antibody repertoires and genetic and environment factors is critical for basic research and clinical applications, but little information is available. In this study we evaluated the effects of age, race, gender, and blood type on anti-glycan antibody profiles in the serum of 135 healthy subjects. As expected, IgG and IgM antibody signals to blood group antigens correlated strongly with blood type. Interestingly, antibodies to other non-ABH glycans, such as the alpha-Gal antigen, also correlated with blood type. A statistically significant decline in IgM signals with age was observed for many antibody subpopulations, but not for IgG. Moreover, statistically significant correlations between race and IgG levels to certain LacNAc-containing glycans were observed. The results have important implications for designing studies and interpreting results in the area of biomarker discovery and for the development of vaccines. The study also highlights the importance of collecting and reporting patient information that could affect serum anti-glycan antibody levels.
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34
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Mo AX, Colley DG. Workshop report: Schistosomiasis vaccine clinical development and product characteristics. Vaccine 2015; 34:995-1001. [PMID: 26721329 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A schistosomiasis vaccine meeting was organized to evaluate the utility of a vaccine in public health programs, to discuss clinical development paths, and to define basic product characteristics for desirable vaccines to be used in the context of schistosomiasis control and elimination programs. It was concluded that clinical evaluation of a schistosomiasis vaccine is feasible with appropriate trial design and tools. Some basic Preferred Product Characteristics (PPC) for a human schistosomiasis vaccine and for a veterinary vaccine for bovine use were also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie X Mo
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Daniel G Colley
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases and the Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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35
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Hewitson JP, Nguyen DL, van Diepen A, Smit CH, Koeleman CA, McSorley HJ, Murray J, Maizels RM, Hokke CH. Novel O-linked methylated glycan antigens decorate secreted immunodominant glycoproteins from the intestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus. Int J Parasitol 2015; 46:157-170. [PMID: 26688390 PMCID: PMC4776704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Heligmosomoides polygyrus excretory–secretory (ES) proteins carry diverse N- and O-glycans, and many are O-methylated. A methylhexose containing O-glycan of abundant ES glycoproteins is immunodominant. This dominant glycan is not the immunomodulatory heat-stable ES component.
Glycan molecules from helminth parasites have been associated with diverse biological functions ranging from interactions with neighbouring host cell populations to down-modulation of specific host immunity. Glycoproteins secreted by the intestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus are of particular interest as the excretory–secretory products (termed HES) of this parasite contain both heat-labile and heat-stable components with immunomodulatory effects. We used MALDI-TOF-MS and LC–MS/MS to analyse the repertoire of N- and O-linked glycans released from Heligmosomoides polygyrus excretory–secretory products by PNGase A and F, β-elimination and hydrazinolysis revealing a broad range of structures including novel methylhexose- and methylfucose-containing glycans. Monoclonal antibodies to two immunodominant glycans of H. polygyrus, previously designated Glycans A and B, were found to react by glycan array analysis to a methyl-hexose-rich fraction and to a sulphated LacDiNAc (LDN; GalNAcβ1–4GlcNAc) structure, respectively. We also analysed the glycan repertoire of a major glycoprotein in Heligmosomoides polygyrus excretory–secretory products, VAL-2, which contains many glycan structures present in Heligmosomoides polygyrus excretory–secretory products including Glycan A. However, it was found that this set of glycans is not responsible for the heat-stable immunomodulatory properties of Heligmosomoides polygyrus excretory–secretory products, as revealed by the inability of VAL-2 to inhibit allergic lung inflammation. Taken together, these studies reveal that H. polygyrus secretes a diverse range of antigenic glycoconjugates, and provides a framework to explore the biological and immunomodulatory roles they may play within the mammalian host.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Hewitson
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, and Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, Ashworth Laboratories, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
| | - D Linh Nguyen
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Angela van Diepen
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis H Smit
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Carolien A Koeleman
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Henry J McSorley
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, and Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, Ashworth Laboratories, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
| | - Janice Murray
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, and Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, Ashworth Laboratories, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
| | - Rick M Maizels
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, and Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, Ashworth Laboratories, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
| | - Cornelis H Hokke
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Mickum ML, Rojsajjakul T, Yu Y, Cummings RD. Schistosoma mansoni α1,3-fucosyltransferase-F generates the Lewis X antigen. Glycobiology 2015; 26:270-85. [PMID: 26582608 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwv103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic evidence suggests that the Schistosoma mansoni genome contains six genes that encode α1,3-fucosyltransferases (smFuTs). To date, the activities and specificities of these putative fucosyltransferases are unknown. As Schistosoma express a variety of fucosylated glycans, including the Lewis X antigen Galβ1-4(Fucα1-3)GlcNAcβ-R, it is likely that this family of genes encode enzymes that are partly responsible for the generation of those structures. Here, we report the molecular cloning of fucosyltransferase-F (smFuT-F) from S. mansoni, as a soluble, green fluorescent protein fusion protein and its acceptor specificity. The gene smFuT-F was expressed in HEK freestyle cells, purified by affinity chromatography, and analyzed toward a broad panel of glycan acceptors. The enzyme product of smFuT-F effectively utilizes a type II chain acceptor Galβ1-4GlcNAc-R, but notably not the LDN sequence GalNAcβ1-4GlcNAc-R, to generate Lewis X type-glycans, and smFuT-F transcripts are present in all intramammalian life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Mickum
- Department of Biochemistry and the Emory Glycomics Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Teerapat Rojsajjakul
- Department of Biochemistry and the Emory Glycomics Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and the Emory Glycomics Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Biochemistry and the Emory Glycomics Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Local Antiglycan Antibody Responses to Skin Stage and Migratory Schistosomula of Schistosoma japonicum. Infect Immun 2015; 84:21-33. [PMID: 26459512 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00954-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a tropical disease affecting over 230 million people worldwide. Although effective drug treatment is available, reinfections are common, and development of immunity is slow. Most antibodies raised during schistosome infection are directed against glycans, some of which are thought to be protective. Developing schistosomula are considered most vulnerable to immune attack, and better understanding of local antibody responses raised against glycans expressed by this life stage might reveal possible glycan vaccine candidates for future vaccine research. We used antibody-secreting cell (ASC) probes to characterize local antiglycan antibody responses against migrating Schistosoma japonicum schistosomula in different tissues of rats. Analysis by shotgun Schistosoma glycan microarray resulted in the identification of antiglycan antibody response patterns that reflected the migratory pathway of schistosomula. Antibodies raised by skin lymph node (LN) ASC probes mainly targeted N-glycans with terminal mannose residues, Galβ1-4GlcNAc (LacNAc) and Galβ1-4(Fucα1-3)GlcNAc (LeX). Also, responses to antigenic and schistosome-specific glycosphingolipid (GSL) glycans containing highly fucosylated GalNAcβ1-4(GlcNAcβ1)n stretches that are believed to be present at the parasite's surface constitutively upon transformation were found. Antibody targets recognized by lung LN ASC probes were mainly N-glycans presenting GalNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (LDN) and GlcNAc motifs. Surprisingly, antibodies against highly antigenic multifucosylated motifs of GSL glycans were not observed in lung LN ASC probes, indicating that these antigens are not expressed in lung stage schistosomula or are not appropriately exposed to induce immune responses locally. The local antiglycan responses observed in this study highlight the stage- and tissue-specific expression of antigenic parasite glycans and provide insights into glycan targets possibly involved in resistance to S. japonicum infection.
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Smit CH, Homann A, van Hensbergen VP, Schramm G, Haas H, van Diepen A, Hokke CH. Surface expression patterns of defined glycan antigens change duringSchistosoma mansonicercarial transformation and development of schistosomula. Glycobiology 2015; 25:1465-79. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwv066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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Driguez P, Li Y, Gaze S, Pearson MS, Nakajima R, Trieu A, Doolan DL, Felgner PL, Hou X, Cardoso FC, Jasinskas A, Gobert GN, Loukas A, McManus DP. Antibody Signatures Reflect Different Disease Pathologies in Patients With Schistosomiasis Due to Schistosoma japonicum. J Infect Dis 2015; 213:122-30. [PMID: 26150545 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with Schistosoma japonicum causes high levels of pathology that is predominantly determined by the cellular and humoral response of the host. However, the specific antibody response that arises during the development of disease is largely undescribed in Asian schistosomiasis-endemic populations. A schistosome protein microarray was used to compare the antibody profiles of subjects with acute infection, with early or advanced disease associated with severe pathology, with chronic infection, and subjects exposed but stool negative for S. japonicum eggs to the antibody profiles of nonexposed controls. Twenty-five immunodominant antigens were identified, including vaccine candidates, tetraspanin-related proteins, transporter molecules, and unannotated proteins. Additionally, individuals with severe pathology had a limited specific antibody response, suggesting that individuals with mild disease may use a broad and strong antibody response, particularly against surface-exposed proteins, to control pathology and/or infection. Our study has identified specific antigens that can discriminate between S. japonicum-exposed groups with different pathologies and may also allow the host to control disease pathology and provide resistance to parasite infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuesheng Li
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane Hunan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yueyang, China
| | - Soraya Gaze
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, Queensland Tropical Health Alliance Laboratory, James Cook University, Cairns Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mark S Pearson
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, Queensland Tropical Health Alliance Laboratory, James Cook University, Cairns
| | | | - Angela Trieu
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane
| | | | | | - Xunya Hou
- Hunan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yueyang, China
| | - Fernanda C Cardoso
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | | | | | - Alex Loukas
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, Queensland Tropical Health Alliance Laboratory, James Cook University, Cairns
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Brzezicka K, Echeverria B, Serna S, van Diepen A, Hokke CH, Reichardt NC. Synthesis and microarray-assisted binding studies of core xylose and fucose containing N-glycans. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:1290-302. [PMID: 25664929 DOI: 10.1021/cb501023u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a collection of 33 xylosylated and core-fucosylated N-glycans found only in nonmammalian organisms such as plants and parasitic helminths has been achieved by employing a highly convergent chemo-enzymatic approach. The influence of these core modifications on the interaction with plant lectins, with the human lectin DC-SIGN (Dendritic Cell-Specific Intercellular adhesion molecule-3-Grabbing Nonintegrin), and with serum antibodies from schistosome-infected individuals was studied. Core xylosylation markedly reduced or completely abolished binding to several mannose-binding plant lectins and to DC-SIGN, a C-type lectin receptor present on antigen presenting cells. Employing the synthetic collection of core-fucosylated and core-xylosylated N-glycans in the context of a larger glycan array including structures lacking these core modifications, we were able to dissect core xylose and core fucose specific antiglycan antibody responses in S. mansoni infection sera, and we observed clear and immunologically relevant differences between children and adult groups infected with this parasite. The work presented here suggests that, quite similar to bisecting N-acetylglucosamine, core xylose distorts the conformation of the unsubstituted glycan, with important implications for the immunogenicity and protein binding properties of complex N-glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Brzezicka
- Glycotechnology
Laboratory, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Begoña Echeverria
- Glycotechnology
Laboratory, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Sonia Serna
- Glycotechnology
Laboratory, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Angela van Diepen
- Parasite
Glycobiology Group, Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O.
Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis H. Hokke
- Parasite
Glycobiology Group, Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O.
Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Niels-Christian Reichardt
- Glycotechnology
Laboratory, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain
- CIBER BBN, Paseo Miramón
182, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain
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Gong W, Huang F, Ma Y, Bai H, Yin L, Li J, Chen C, Xu X, Chen XP. Protective immunity against Schistosoma japonicum infection can be provided by IgG antibodies towards periodate-sensitive or periodate-resistant glycans. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:234. [PMID: 25907161 PMCID: PMC4408597 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0842-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been well accepted that glycans present in schistosomes are highly antigenic. However, it is not clear what kind of worm glycans can affect the infected host to mount IgG responses and whether mounted anti-glycan IgG responses are protective. METHODS The contribution of antigenicity by glycans was measured by using competitive ELISA assay in sera from infected mice and humans. Monoclonal antibodies towards soluble Schistosoma japonicum egg antigens (SjEA) were generated from SjEA immunizated mice. The expression of glycans on surfaces of cercaria or young worm and their distributions were examined by immunofluorescence assay. The protective roles of glycans-specific mAbs were assayed by determination of the worm and egg burden in infected mice. RESULTS Both periodate-resistant glycans and periodate-sensitive glycans are antigenic in schistosome infections. When monoclonal antibodies against either periodate-sensitive or periodate-resistant glycans were administered prior to schistosome infections in mice, both kinds of anti-glycan antibodies were found to successfully provide protective immunity to infected mice. CONCLUSIONS Both periodate-resistant and periodate-sensitive glycans are antigenic, and dominant anti-glycan IgG responses can play important roles in protective immunity in schistosome infected hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenci Gong
- Department of Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Fengjuan Huang
- Department of Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yilei Ma
- Department of Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hongmei Bai
- Department of Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lan Yin
- Department of Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chunxia Chen
- Department of Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xindong Xu
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Development, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiao-Ping Chen
- Department of Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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42
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Smit CH, van Diepen A, Nguyen DL, Wuhrer M, Hoffmann KF, Deelder AM, Hokke CH. Glycomic Analysis of Life Stages of the Human Parasite Schistosoma mansoni Reveals Developmental Expression Profiles of Functional and Antigenic Glycan Motifs. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:1750-69. [PMID: 25883177 PMCID: PMC4587318 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.048280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycans present on glycoproteins and glycolipids of the major human parasite Schistosoma mansoni induce innate as well as adaptive immune responses in the host. To be able to study the molecular characteristics of schistosome infections it is therefore required to determine the expression profiles of glycans and antigenic glycan-motifs during a range of critical stages of the complex schistosome lifecycle. We performed a longitudinal profiling study covering schistosome glycosylation throughout worm- and egg-development using a mass spectrometry-based glycomics approach. Our study revealed that during worm development N-glycans with Galβ1–4(Fucα1–3)GlcNAc (LeX) and core-xylose motifs were rapidly lost after cercariae to schistosomula transformation, whereas GalNAcβ1–4GlcNAc (LDN)-motifs gradually became abundant and predominated in adult worms. LeX-motifs were present on glycolipids up to 2 weeks of schistosomula development, whereas glycolipids with mono- and multifucosylated LDN-motifs remained present up to the adult worm stage. In contrast, expression of complex O-glycans diminished to undetectable levels within days after transformation. During egg development, a rich diversity of N-glycans with fucosylated motifs was expressed, but with α3-core fucose and a high degree of multifucosylated antennae only in mature eggs and miracidia. N-glycan antennae were exclusively LDN-based in miracidia. O-glycans in the mature eggs were also diverse and contained LeX- and multifucosylated LDN, but none of these were associated with miracidia in which we detected only the Galβ1–3(Galβ1–6)GalNAc core glycan. Immature eggs also exhibited short O-glycan core structures only, suggesting that complex fucosylated O-glycans of schistosome eggs are derived primarily from glycoproteins produced by the subshell envelope in the developed egg. Lipid glycans with multifucosylated GlcNAc repeats were present throughout egg development, but with the longer highly fucosylated stretches enriched in mature eggs and miracidia. This global analysis of the developing schistosome's glycome provides new insights into how stage-specifically expressed glycans may contribute to different aspects of schistosome-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelis H Smit
- From the ‡Department of Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Angela van Diepen
- From the ‡Department of Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - D Linh Nguyen
- From the ‡Department of Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- §Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Karl F Hoffmann
- ¶Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth SY23 3FG, United Kingdom
| | - André M Deelder
- §Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis H Hokke
- From the ‡Department of Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
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43
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Song X, Heimburg-Molinaro J, Smith DF, Cummings RD. Glycan microarrays of fluorescently-tagged natural glycans. Glycoconj J 2015; 32:465-73. [PMID: 25877830 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-015-9584-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses the challenges facing research in 'functional glycomics' and the novel technologies that are being developed to advance the field. The structural complexity of glycans and glycoconjugates makes studies of both their structures and recognition difficult. However, these intricate structures can be captured from their natural sources, isolated and fluorescently-tagged for detailed structural analysis and for presentation on glycan microarrays for functional recognition by glycan-binding proteins. These advances in glycan preparation and manipulation enable the streamlining of functional glycomics studies and will help to propel the field forward in studying natural, biologically relevant glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezheng Song
- Department of Biochemistry, The National Center for Functional Glycomics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry, O. Wayne Rollins Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Suite 4025, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Jamie Heimburg-Molinaro
- Department of Biochemistry, The National Center for Functional Glycomics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, O. Wayne Rollins Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Suite 4025, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - David F Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, The National Center for Functional Glycomics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, O. Wayne Rollins Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Suite 4025, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Biochemistry, The National Center for Functional Glycomics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, O. Wayne Rollins Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Suite 4025, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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44
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van Diepen A, van der Plas AJ, Kozak RP, Royle L, Dunne DW, Hokke CH. Development of a Schistosoma mansoni shotgun O-glycan microarray and application to the discovery of new antigenic schistosome glycan motifs. Int J Parasitol 2015; 45:465-75. [PMID: 25819714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Upon infection with Schistosoma, antibody responses are mounted that are largely directed against glycans. Over the last few years significant progress has been made in characterising the antigenic properties of N-glycans of Schistosoma mansoni. Despite also being abundantly expressed by schistosomes, much less is understood about O-glycans and antibody responses to these have not yet been systematically analysed. Antibody binding to schistosome glycans can be analysed efficiently and quantitatively using glycan microarrays, but O-glycan array construction and exploration is lagging behind because no universal O-glycanase is available, and release of O-glycans has been dependent on chemical methods. Recently, a modified hydrazinolysis method has been developed that allows the release of O-glycans with free reducing termini and limited degradation, and we applied this method to obtain O-glycans from different S. mansoni life stages. Two-dimensional HPLC separation of 2-aminobenzoic acid-labelled O-glycans generated 362 O-glycan-containing fractions that were printed on an epoxide-modified glass slide, thereby generating the first shotgun O-glycan microarray containing naturally occurring schistosome O-glycans. Monoclonal antibodies and mass spectrometry showed that the O-glycan microarray contains well-known antigenic glycan motifs as well as numerous other, potentially novel, antibody targets. Incubations of the microarrays with sera from Schistosoma-infected humans showed substantial antibody responses to O-glycans in addition to those observed to the previously investigated N- and glycosphingolipid glycans. This underlines the importance of the inclusion of these often schistosome-specific O-glycans in glycan antigen studies and indicates that O-glycans contain novel antigenic motifs that have potential for use in diagnostic methods and studies aiming at the discovery of vaccine targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela van Diepen
- Department of Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Arend-Jan van der Plas
- Department of Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Louise Royle
- Ludger Ltd., Culham Science Centre, Oxfordshire OX14 3EB, UK
| | - David W Dunne
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Cornelis H Hokke
- Department of Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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45
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Muthana SM, Xia L, Campbell CT, Zhang Y, Gildersleeve JC. Competition between serum IgG, IgM, and IgA anti-glycan antibodies. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119298. [PMID: 25807519 PMCID: PMC4373866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-glycan antibodies are an abundant subpopulation of serum antibodies with critical functions in many immune processes. Changes in the levels of these antibodies can occur with the onset of disease, exposure to pathogens, or vaccination. As a result, there has been significant interest in exploiting anti-glycan antibodies as biomarkers for many diseases. Serum contains a mixture of anti-glycan antibodies that can recognize the same antigen, and competition for binding can potentially influence the detection of antibody subpopulations that are more relevant to disease processes. The most abundant antibody isotypes in serum are IgG, IgM, and IgA, but little is known regarding how these different isotypes compete for the same glycan antigen. In this study, we developed a multiplexed glycan microarray assay and applied it to evaluate how different isotypes of anti-glycan antibodies (IgA, IgG, and IgM) compete for printed glycan antigens. While IgG and IgA antibodies typically outcompete IgM for peptide or protein antigens, we found that IgM outcompete IgG and IgA for many glycan antigens. To illustrate the importance of this effect, we provide evidence that IgM competition can account for the unexpected observation that IgG of certain antigen specificities appear to be preferentially transported from mothers to fetuses. We demonstrate that IgM in maternal sera compete with IgG resulting in lower than expected IgG signals. Since cord blood contains very low levels of IgM, competition only affects maternal IgG signals, making it appear as though certain IgG antibodies are higher in cord blood than matched maternal blood. Taken together, the results highlight the importance of competition for studies involving anti-glycan antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saddam M. Muthana
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 376 Boyles St., Frederick, MD, 21702, United States of America
| | - Li Xia
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 376 Boyles St., Frederick, MD, 21702, United States of America
| | - Christopher T. Campbell
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 376 Boyles St., Frederick, MD, 21702, United States of America
| | - Yalong Zhang
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 376 Boyles St., Frederick, MD, 21702, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey C. Gildersleeve
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 376 Boyles St., Frederick, MD, 21702, United States of America
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46
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Abstract
Helminth parasites infect over one fourth of the human population and are highly prevalent in livestock worldwide. In model systems, parasites are strongly immunomodulatory, but the immune system can be driven to expel them by prior vaccination. However, no vaccines are currently available for human use. Recent advances in vaccination with recombinant helminth antigens have been successful against cestode infections of livestock and new vaccines are being tested against nematode parasites of animals. Numerous vaccine antigens are being defined for a wide range of helminth parasite species, but greater understanding is needed to define the mechanisms of vaccine-induced immunity, to lay a rational platform for new vaccines and their optimal design. With human trials underway for hookworm and schistosomiasis vaccines, a greater integration between veterinary and human studies will highlight the common molecular and mechanistic pathways, and accelerate progress towards reducing the global health burden of helminth infection.
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47
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Herbáth M, Papp K, Balogh A, Matkó J, Prechl J. Exploiting fluorescence for multiplex immunoassays on protein microarrays. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2014; 2:032001. [PMID: 29148470 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/2/3/032001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein microarray technology is becoming the method of choice for identifying protein interaction partners, detecting specific proteins, carbohydrates and lipids, or for characterizing protein interactions and serum antibodies in a massively parallel manner. Availability of the well-established instrumentation of DNA arrays and development of new fluorescent detection instruments promoted the spread of this technique. Fluorescent detection has the advantage of high sensitivity, specificity, simplicity and wide dynamic range required by most measurements. Fluorescence through specifically designed probes and an increasing variety of detection modes offers an excellent tool for such microarray platforms. Measuring for example the level of antibodies, their isotypes and/or antigen specificity simultaneously can offer more complex and comprehensive information about the investigated biological phenomenon, especially if we take into consideration that hundreds of samples can be measured in a single assay. Not only body fluids, but also cell lysates, extracted cellular components, and intact living cells can be analyzed on protein arrays for monitoring functional responses to printed samples on the surface. As a rapidly evolving area, protein microarray technology offers a great bulk of information and new depth of knowledge. These are the features that endow protein arrays with wide applicability and robust sample analyzing capability. On the whole, protein arrays are emerging new tools not just in proteomics, but glycomics, lipidomics, and are also important for immunological research. In this review we attempt to summarize the technical aspects of planar fluorescent microarray technology along with the description of its main immunological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Herbáth
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117 Hungary
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48
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Mickum ML, Prasanphanich NS, Heimburg-Molinaro J, Leon KE, Cummings RD. Deciphering the glycogenome of schistosomes. Front Genet 2014; 5:262. [PMID: 25147556 PMCID: PMC4122909 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosoma mansoni and other Schistosoma sp. are multicellular parasitic helminths (worms) that infect humans and mammals worldwide. Infection by these parasites, which results in developmental maturation and sexual differentiation of the worms over a period of 5–6 weeks, induces antibodies to glycan antigens expressed in surface and secreted glycoproteins and glycolipids. There is growing interest in defining these unusual parasite-synthesized glycan antigens and using them to understand immune responses, their roles in immunomodulation, and in using glycan antigens as potential vaccine targets. A key problem in this area, however, has been the lack of information about the enzymes involved in elaborating the complex repertoire of glycans represented by the schistosome glycome. Recent availability of the nuclear genome sequences for Schistosoma sp. has created the opportunity to define the glycogenome, which represents the specific genes and cognate enzymes that generate the glycome. Here we describe the current state of information in regard to the schistosome glycogenome and glycome and highlight the important classes of glycans and glycogenes that may be important in their generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Mickum
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nina S Prasanphanich
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Kristoffer E Leon
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA, USA
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49
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Prasanphanich NS, Luyai AE, Song X, Heimburg-Molinaro J, Mandalasi M, Mickum M, Smith DF, Nyame AK, Cummings RD. Immunization with recombinantly expressed glycan antigens from Schistosoma mansoni induces glycan-specific antibodies against the parasite. Glycobiology 2014; 24:619-37. [PMID: 24727440 PMCID: PMC4038251 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis caused by infection with parasitic helminths of Schistosoma spp. is a major global health problem due to inadequate treatment and lack of a vaccine. The immune response to schistosomes includes glycan antigens, which could be valuable diagnostic markers and vaccine targets. However, no precedent exists for how to design vaccines targeting eukaryotic glycoconjugates. The di- and tri-saccharide motifs LacdiNAc (GalNAcβ1,4GlcNAc; LDN) and fucosylated LacdiNAc (GalNAcβ1,4(Fucα1-3)GlcNAc; LDNF) are the basis for several important schistosome glycan antigens. They occur in monomeric form or as repeating units (poly-LDNF) and as part of a variety of different glycoconjugates. Because chemical synthesis and conjugation of such antigens is exceedingly difficult, we sought to develop a recombinant expression system for parasite glycans. We hypothesized that presentation of parasite glycans on the cell surface would induce glycan-specific antibodies. We generated Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) Lec8 cell lines expressing poly-LDN (L8-GT) and poly-LDNF (L8-GTFT) abundantly on their membrane glycoproteins. Sera from Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice were highly cross-reactive with the cells and with cell-surface N-glycans. Immunizing mice with L8-GT and L8-GTFT cells induced glycan-specific antibodies. The L8-GTFT cells induced a sustained booster response, with antibodies that bound to S. mansoni lysates and recapitulated the exquisite specificity of the anti-parasite response for particular presentations of LDNF antigen. In summary, this recombinant expression system promotes successful generation of antibodies to the glycans of S. mansoni, and it can be adapted to study the role of glycan antigens and anti-glycan immune responses in many other infections and pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Salinger Prasanphanich
- Emory University Glycomics Center, 4024 O. Wayne Rollins Research Building, 1510 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Anthony E Luyai
- Emory University Glycomics Center, 4024 O. Wayne Rollins Research Building, 1510 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Xuezheng Song
- Emory University Glycomics Center, 4024 O. Wayne Rollins Research Building, 1510 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jamie Heimburg-Molinaro
- Emory University Glycomics Center, 4024 O. Wayne Rollins Research Building, 1510 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Msano Mandalasi
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA
| | - Megan Mickum
- Emory University Glycomics Center, 4024 O. Wayne Rollins Research Building, 1510 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - David F Smith
- Emory University Glycomics Center, 4024 O. Wayne Rollins Research Building, 1510 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - A Kwame Nyame
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, O. Wayne Rollins Research Center, 1510 Clifton Road, Suite 4001, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Emory University Glycomics Center, 4024 O. Wayne Rollins Research Building, 1510 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, O. Wayne Rollins Research Center, 1510 Clifton Road, Suite 4001, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Luyai AE, Heimburg-Molinaro J, Prasanphanich NS, Mickum ML, Lasanajak Y, Song X, Nyame AK, Wilkins P, Rivera-Marrero CA, Smith DF, Van Die I, Secor WE, Cummings RD. Differential expression of anti-glycan antibodies in schistosome-infected humans, rhesus monkeys and mice. Glycobiology 2014; 24:602-18. [PMID: 24727442 PMCID: PMC4038252 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a debilitating parasitic disease of humans, endemic in tropical areas, for which no vaccine is available. Evidence points to glycan antigens as being important in immune responses to infection. Here we describe our studies on the comparative humoral immune responses to defined schistosome-type glycan epitopes in Schistosoma mansoni-infected humans, rhesus monkeys and mice. Rhesus anti-glycan responses over the course of infection were screened on a defined glycan microarray comprising semi-synthetic glycopeptides terminating with schistosome-associated or control mammalian-type glycan epitopes, as well as a defined glycan microarray of mammalian-type glycans representing over 400 glycan structures. Infected rhesus monkeys generated a high immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody response to the core xylose/core α3 fucose epitope of N-glycans, which peaked at 8-11 weeks post infection, coinciding with maximal ability to kill schistosomula in vitro. By contrast, infected humans generated low antibody levels to this epitope. At 18 months following praziquantel therapy to eliminate the parasite, antibody levels were negligible. Mice chronically infected with S. mansoni generated high levels of anti-fucosylated LacdiNAc (GalNAcβ1, 4(Fucα1, 3)GlcNAc) IgM antibodies, but lacked a robust response to the core xylose/core α3 fucose N-glycan antigens compared with other species studied, and their sera demonstrated an intermediate level of schistosomula killing in vitro. These differential responses to parasite glycan antigens may be related to the ability of rhesus monkeys to self-cure in contrast to the chronic infection seen in humans and mice. Our results validate defined glycan microarrays as a useful technology to evaluate diagnostic and vaccine antigens for schistosomiasis and perhaps other infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony E Luyai
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, O. Wayne Rollins Research Center, 1510 Clifton Road, Suite 4001, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jamie Heimburg-Molinaro
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, O. Wayne Rollins Research Center, 1510 Clifton Road, Suite 4001, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Nina Salinger Prasanphanich
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, O. Wayne Rollins Research Center, 1510 Clifton Road, Suite 4001, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Megan L Mickum
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, O. Wayne Rollins Research Center, 1510 Clifton Road, Suite 4001, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yi Lasanajak
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, O. Wayne Rollins Research Center, 1510 Clifton Road, Suite 4001, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Xuezheng Song
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, O. Wayne Rollins Research Center, 1510 Clifton Road, Suite 4001, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - A Kwame Nyame
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA
| | - Patricia Wilkins
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Carlos A Rivera-Marrero
- Division of Select Agents and Toxins, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333
| | - David F Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, O. Wayne Rollins Research Center, 1510 Clifton Road, Suite 4001, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Irma Van Die
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W Evan Secor
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, O. Wayne Rollins Research Center, 1510 Clifton Road, Suite 4001, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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