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Bisht MK, Dahiya P, Ghosh S, Mukhopadhyay S. The cause-effect relation of tuberculosis on incidence of diabetes mellitus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1134036. [PMID: 37434784 PMCID: PMC10330781 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1134036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the oldest human diseases and is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity across the Globe. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causal agent of TB is one of the most successful pathogens known to mankind. Malnutrition, smoking, co-infection with other pathogens like human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), or conditions like diabetes further aggravate the tuberculosis pathogenesis. The association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and tuberculosis is well known and the immune-metabolic changes during diabetes are known to cause increased susceptibility to tuberculosis. Many epidemiological studies suggest the occurrence of hyperglycemia during active TB leading to impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects is not well understood. In this review, we have described possible causal factors like inflammation, host metabolic changes triggered by tuberculosis that could contribute to the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. We have also discussed therapeutic management of type 2 diabetes during TB, which may help in designing future strategies to cope with TB-DM cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Bisht
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Hyderabad, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Priyanka Dahiya
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Hyderabad, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Sudip Ghosh
- Molecular Biology Unit, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania PO, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sangita Mukhopadhyay
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Hyderabad, India
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2
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Han HS, Soundharrajan I, Valan Arasu M, Kim D, Choi KC. Leuconostoc Citreum Inhibits Adipogenesis and Lipogenesis by Inhibiting p38 MAPK/Erk 44/42 and Stimulating AMPKα Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087367. [PMID: 37108530 PMCID: PMC10138540 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics provide a range of health benefits. Several studies have shown that using probiotics in obesity treatment can reduce bodyweight. However, such treatments are still restricted. Leuconostoc citreum, an epiphytic bacterium, is widely used in a variety of biological applications. However, few studies have investigated the role of Leuconostoc spp. in adipocyte differentiation and its molecular mechanisms. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of cell-free metabolites of L. citreum (LSC) on adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The results showed that LSC treatment reduced the accumulation of lipid droplets and expression levels of CCAAT/ enhancer-binding protein-α & β (C/EBP-α & β), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), serum regulatory binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (aP2), fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), resistin, pp38MAPK, and pErk 44/42. However, compared to control cells, adiponectin, an insulin sensitizer, was elevated in adipocytes treated with LSC. In addition, LSC treatment increased lipolysis by increasing pAMPK-α and suppressing FAS, ACC, and PPAR-γ expression, similarly to the effects of AICAR, an AMPK agonist. In conclusion, L. citreum is a novel probiotic strain that can be used to treat obesity and its associated metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Shim Han
- Department of Biotechnology, Sunchon University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilavenil Soundharrajan
- Grassland and Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Republic of Korea
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dahye Kim
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Jeonju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Choon Choi
- Grassland and Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Republic of Korea
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3
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Maharjan BR, McLennan SV, Twigg SM, Williams PF. The Effect of TGFβ1 in Adipocyte on Inflammatory and Fibrotic Markers at Different Stages of Adipocyte Differentiation. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2022; 29:640-649. [PMID: 36548206 PMCID: PMC9788619 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology29040050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) is a versatile cytokine. Although a profibrotic role of TGFβ is well established, its effect on tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMPs) and inflammatory mediators are incompletely described. This study investigates the profibrotic and pro-inflammatory role of TGFβ1 during adipocyte differentiation. NIH3T3L1 cells were used for the in vitro study and were differentiated by adding a standard differentiation mix either with rosiglitazone (R-Diff) or without (S-Diff). Recombinant TGFβ1 (2 ng/mL) was added to the undifferentiated preadipocyte during the commitment stage and at the terminal differentiation stage. TGFβ1 treatment significantly decreased adiponectin mRNA at both early commitment (>300 fold) and terminal differentiated cells [S-Diff (~33%) or R-Diff (~20%)]. TGFβ1 upregulated collagen VI mRNA and its regulators connective tissue growth factor (CCN2/CTGF), TIMP1 and TIMP3 mRNA levels in undifferentiated preadipocytes and adipocytes at commitment stage. But in the terminal differentiated adipocytes, changes in mRNA and protein of collagen VI and TIMP3 mRNA were not observed despite an increase in CCN2/CTGF, TIMP1 mRNA. Although TGFβ1 upregulated interleukin-6 (IL6) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1) mRNA at all stages of differentiation, decreased tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) mRNA was observed early in adipocyte differentiation. This study highlights the complex role of TGFβ1 on extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and inflammatory markers in stimulating both synthetic and inhibitory markers of fibrosis at different stages of adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babu Raja Maharjan
- Greg Brown Diabetes & Endocrinology Laboratory, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur 44700, Nepal
- Correspondence: (B.R.M.); (P.F.W.); Tel.: +61-2-8627-1889 (B.R.M. & P.F.W.)
| | - Susan V. McLennan
- Greg Brown Diabetes & Endocrinology Laboratory, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Stephen M. Twigg
- Greg Brown Diabetes & Endocrinology Laboratory, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Paul F. Williams
- Greg Brown Diabetes & Endocrinology Laboratory, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Correspondence: (B.R.M.); (P.F.W.); Tel.: +61-2-8627-1889 (B.R.M. & P.F.W.)
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4
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miR-539-5p regulates Srebf1 transcription in the skeletal muscle of diabetic mice by targeting DNA methyltransferase 3b. MOLECULAR THERAPY - NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 29:718-732. [PMID: 36090753 PMCID: PMC9439965 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation is associated with diabetes, but the precise regulatory events that control the levels and activity of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) is not well understood. Here we show that miR-539-5p targets Dnmt3b and regulates its cellular levels. miR-539-5p and Dnmt3b show inverse patterns of expression in skeletal muscle of diabetic mice. By binding to the 3′ UTR of Dnmt3b, miR-539-5p downregulates its levels in C2C12 cells and in human primary skeletal muscle cells. miR-539-5p-Dnmt3b interaction regulates Srebf1 transcription by altering methylation at CpG islands within Srebf1 in C2C12 cells. Dnmt3b inhibition alone was sufficient to upregulate Srebf1 transcription. In vivo antagonism of miR-539-5p in normal mice induced hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia and impaired oral glucose tolerance. These mice had elevated Dnmt3b and decreased Srebf1 levels in skeletal muscle. db/db mice injected with miR-539-5p mimics showed improved circulatory glucose and cholesterol levels. Oral glucose tolerance improved together with normalization of Dnmt3b and Srebf1 levels in skeletal muscle. Our results support a critical role of miR-539-5p and Dnmt3b in aberrant skeletal muscle metabolism during diabetes by regulating Srebf1 transcription; modulating the miR-539-5p-Dnmt3b axis might have therapeutic potential for addressing altered skeletal muscle physiology during insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
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5
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Eroglu N, Yerlikaya FH, Onmaz DE, Colakoglu MC. Role of ChREBP and SREBP-1c in gestational diabetes: two key players in glucose and lipid metabolism. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-022-01050-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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6
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Bayle D, Coudy-Gandilhon C, Gueugneau M, Castiglioni S, Zocchi M, Maj-Zurawska M, Palinska-Saadi A, Mazur A, Béchet D, Maier JA. Magnesium Deficiency Alters Expression of Genes Critical for Muscle Magnesium Homeostasis and Physiology in Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072169. [PMID: 34202561 PMCID: PMC8308210 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Mg2+ deficiency is the underlying cause of a broad range of health dysfunctions. As 25% of body Mg2+ is located in the skeletal muscle, Mg2+ transport and homeostasis systems (MgTHs) in the muscle are critical for whole-body Mg2+ homeostasis. In the present study, we assessed whether Mg2+ deficiency alters muscle fiber characteristics and major pathways regulating muscle physiology. C57BL/6J mice received either a control, mildly, or severely Mg2+-deficient diet (0.1%; 0.01%; and 0.003% Mg2+ wt/wt, respectively) for 14 days. Mg2+ deficiency slightly decreased body weight gain and muscle Mg2+ concentrations but was not associated with detectable variations in gastrocnemius muscle weight, fiber morphometry, and capillarization. Nonetheless, muscles exhibited decreased expression of several MgTHs (MagT1, CNNM2, CNNM4, and TRPM6). Moreover, TaqMan low-density array (TLDA) analyses further revealed that, before the emergence of major muscle dysfunctions, even a mild Mg2+ deficiency was sufficient to alter the expression of genes critical for muscle physiology, including energy metabolism, muscle regeneration, proteostasis, mitochondrial dynamics, and excitation–contraction coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Bayle
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (D.B.); (C.C.-G.); (M.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Cécile Coudy-Gandilhon
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (D.B.); (C.C.-G.); (M.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Marine Gueugneau
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (D.B.); (C.C.-G.); (M.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Sara Castiglioni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (S.C.); (M.Z.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Monica Zocchi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (S.C.); (M.Z.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Magdalena Maj-Zurawska
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, PL-02-089 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.-Z.); (A.P.-S.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adriana Palinska-Saadi
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, PL-02-089 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.-Z.); (A.P.-S.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - André Mazur
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (D.B.); (C.C.-G.); (M.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Daniel Béchet
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (D.B.); (C.C.-G.); (M.G.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jeanette A. Maier
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (S.C.); (M.Z.); (J.A.M.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (CIMaINa), Università di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Jayaraman S, Devarajan N, Rajagopal P, Babu S, Ganesan SK, Veeraraghavan VP, Palanisamy CP, Cui B, Periyasamy V, Chandrasekar K. β-Sitosterol Circumvents Obesity Induced Inflammation and Insulin Resistance by down-Regulating IKKβ/NF-κB and JNK Signaling Pathway in Adipocytes of Type 2 Diabetic Rats. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26072101. [PMID: 33917607 PMCID: PMC8038823 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
β-sitosterol (SIT), the most abundant bioactive component of vegetable oil and other plants, is a highly potent antidiabetic drug. Our previous studies show that SIT controls hyperglycemia and insulin resistance by activating insulin receptor and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT-4) in the adipocytes of obesity induced type 2 diabetic rats. The current research was undertaken to investigate if SIT could also exert its antidiabetic effects by circumventing adipocyte induced inflammation, a key driving factor for insulin resistance in obese individuals. Effective dose of SIT (20 mg/kg b.wt) was administered orally for 30 days to high fat diet and sucrose induced type-2 diabetic rats. Metformin, the conventionally used antidiabetic drug was used as a positive control. Interestingly, SIT treatment restores the elevated serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines including leptin, resistin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) to normalcy and increases anti-inflammatory adipocytokines including adiponectin in type 2 diabetic rats. Furthermore, SIT decreases sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and enhances Peroxisome Proliferator–activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) gene expression in adipocytes of diabetic rats. The gene and protein expression of c-Jun-N-terminal kinase-1 (JNK1), inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta (IKKβ) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were also significantly attenuated in SIT treated groups. More importantly, SIT acts very effectively as metformin to circumvent inflammation and insulin resistance in diabetic rats. Our results clearly show that SIT inhibits obesity induced insulin resistance by ameliorating the inflammatory events in the adipose tissue through the downregulation of IKKβ/NF-κB and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600077, India; (S.B.); (V.P.V.)
- Correspondence: (S.J.); (K.C.)
| | - Nalini Devarajan
- Central Research Laboratory, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Maduravoyal, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600095, India;
| | - Ponnulakshmi Rajagopal
- Central Research Laboratory, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600078, India;
| | - Shyamaladevi Babu
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600077, India; (S.B.); (V.P.V.)
| | - Senthil Kumar Ganesan
- Structural Biology & Bioinformatics Division, TRUE Campus, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India;
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600077, India; (S.B.); (V.P.V.)
| | - Chella Perumal Palanisamy
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China; (C.P.P.); (B.C.)
| | - Bo Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China; (C.P.P.); (B.C.)
| | - Vijayalakshmi Periyasamy
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Holy Cross College, Trichy, Tamil Nadu 620002, India;
| | - Kirubhanand Chandrasekar
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440025, India
- Correspondence: (S.J.); (K.C.)
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Ngowi EE, Wang YZ, Khattak S, Khan NH, Mahmoud SSM, Helmy YASH, Jiang QY, Li T, Duan SF, Ji XY, Wu DD. Impact of the factors shaping gut microbiota on obesity. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:2131-2147. [PMID: 33570819 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is considered as a risk factor for chronic health diseases such as heart diseases, cancer and diabetes 2. Reduced physical activities, lifestyle, poor nutritional diet and genetics are among the risk factors associated with the development of obesity. In recent years, several studies have explored the link between the gut microbiome and the progression of diseases including obesity, with the shift in microbiome abundance and composition being the main focus. The alteration of gut microbiome composition affects both nutrients metabolism and specific gene expressions, thereby disturbing body physiology. Specifically, the abundance of fibre-metabolizing microbes is associated with weight loss and that of protein and fat-metabolizing bacteria with weight gain. Various internal and external factors such as genetics, maternal obesity, mode of delivery, breastfeeding, nutrition, antibiotic use and the chemical compounds present in the environment are known to interfere with the richness of the gut microbiota (GM), thus influencing weight gain/loss and ultimately the development of obesity. However, the effectiveness of each factor in potentiating the shift in microbes' abundance to result in significant changes that can lead to obesity is not yet clear. In this review, we will highlight the factors involved in shaping GM, their influence on obesity and possible interventions. Understanding the influence of these factors on the diversity of the GM and how to improve their effectiveness on disease conditions could be keys in the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezeri Erasto Ngowi
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China.,Kaifeng Municipal Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan Provincial Engineering Centre for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China.,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Dares Salaam University College of Education, Dares Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Yi-Zhen Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China.,Kaifeng Municipal Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan Provincial Engineering Centre for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Saadullah Khattak
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China.,Kaifeng Municipal Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan Provincial Engineering Centre for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Nazeer Hussain Khan
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China.,Kaifeng Municipal Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan Provincial Engineering Centre for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Salma Sayed Mohamed Mahmoud
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China.,Kaifeng Municipal Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan Provincial Engineering Centre for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Yasmeen Ahmed Saleheldin Hassan Helmy
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China.,Kaifeng Municipal Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan Provincial Engineering Centre for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Qi-Ying Jiang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China.,Kaifeng Municipal Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan Provincial Engineering Centre for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Tao Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China.,Kaifeng Municipal Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan Provincial Engineering Centre for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Shao-Feng Duan
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China.,Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Xin-Ying Ji
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China.,Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Infection and Biological Safety, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Dong-Dong Wu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China.,School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
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Hashim KN, Chin KY, Ahmad F. The Mechanism of Honey in Reversing Metabolic Syndrome. Molecules 2021; 26:808. [PMID: 33557218 PMCID: PMC7913905 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of five risk factors comprising central obesity, hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, and hypertension, which predispose a person to cardiometabolic diseases. Many studies reported the beneficial effects of honey in reversing metabolic syndrome through its antiobesity, hypoglycaemic, hypolipidaemic, and hypotensive actions. This review aims to provide an overview of the mechanism of honey in reversing metabolic syndrome. The therapeutic effects of honey largely depend on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of its polyphenol and flavonoid contents. Polyphenols, such as caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, and gallic acid, are some of the phenolic acids known to have antiobesity and antihyperlipidaemic properties. They could inhibit the gene expression of sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 and its target lipogenic enzyme, fatty acid synthase (FAS). Meanwhile, caffeic acid and quercetin in honey are also known to reduce body weight and fat mass. In addition, fructooligosaccharides in honey are also known to alter lipid metabolism by reducing FAS activity. The fructose and phenolic acids might contribute to the hypoglycaemic properties of honey through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B insulin signalling pathway. Honey can increase the expression of Akt and decrease the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B. Quercetin, a component of honey, can improve vasodilation by enhancing nitric oxide production via endothelial nitric oxide synthase and stimulate calcium-activated potassium channels. In conclusion, honey can be used as a functional food or adjuvant therapy to prevent and manage metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khairun-Nisa Hashim
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Fairus Ahmad
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
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10
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Gender dependent differences in lipid metabolism in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 19:967-977. [PMID: 33520816 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00589-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aim The present study investigates gender dependent effects of insulin resistance on lipid profile and adipocytokines in individuals with diabetes receiving oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs). The aim was also to reveal the changes in the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and inflammation. Methods Lipid profile, adipocytokine levels and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was assessed in 100 patients with diabetes (M = 43, F = 57) matched for age and gender with healthy individuals (M = 45, F = 55). The expression pattern of genes was analyzed by quantitative real time PCR. Results Males consuming metformin with other drugs exhibited a positive association between HOMA-IR and cholesterol, triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). Females consuming only metformin and metformin with other drugs, showed a positive association of HOMA-IR with cholesterol and a negative association with adiponectin. In males and females with diabetes, a comparable expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) while higher expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) was observed. Expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS), long chain acyl CoA Synthetases (ACSL), malonyl-CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase (MCAT) and nuclear factor kappa β (NFkβ) was higher in men with diabetes than healthy males. Expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) was higher in males and females with diabetes than respective healthy genders. Conclusion Insulin resistance adversely affects lipid profile, adipocytokines in males with type 2 diabetes. Expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and inflammation is found to be undesirably and differentially altered in both the genders.
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11
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Abdul-Maksoud RS, Zidan HE, Saleh HS, Amer SA. Visfatin and SREBP-1c mRNA Expressions and Serum Levels Among Egyptian Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2020; 24:409-419. [PMID: 32460545 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2019.0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity and insulin resistance are common features accompanying polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Aim: To analyze the impact of obesity on the expression of the visfatin and sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c genes among a group of Egyptian women with PCOS, and to assess their suitability as PCOS biomarkers. Subject and methods: Seventy healthy women (control group) (35 nonobese and 35 obese) and 140 women with PCOS (70 nonobese and 70 obese) were enrolled in this study. The visfatin and SREBP-1c genes' expression analyses were performed via real-time polymerase chain reaction. Serum visfatin and SREBP-1c protein levels were measured with ELISA kits. Results: Among PCOS patients, upregulation of visfatin and SREBP-1c expression was observed. We did not identify significant differences between the obese and nonobese PCOS patients nor between obese and non-obese controls. The mRNA expression levels of both genes were significantly positively correlated with their serum protein levels, as well as with fasting serum insulin levels, homeostatic model assessments of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), luteinizing hormone (LH) ratios, LH/follicular stimulating hormone ratios, total testosterone, and free androgens. We observed significant negative correlations between visfatin and SREBP-1c expression levels and sex hormone binding globulin levels in all studied groups. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses revealed that combining the visfatin and SREBP-1c expression data increased the sensitivity (95.92%) and specificity (93.2%) for PCOS diagnoses. Conclusion: Upregulation of visfatin and SREBP-1c was observed among PCOS patients. These genes may play a role in the pathogenesis of PCOS independent of obesity. Combined visfatin and SREBP-1c analyses could be used as a noninvasive biomarker for PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab S Abdul-Maksoud
- Medical Biochemistry Department and Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Haidy E Zidan
- Medical Biochemistry Department and Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hend S Saleh
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Samar A Amer
- Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Ahmad B, Serpell CJ, Fong IL, Wong EH. Molecular Mechanisms of Adipogenesis: The Anti-adipogenic Role of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:76. [PMID: 32457917 PMCID: PMC7226927 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is now a widespread disorder, and its prevalence has become a critical concern worldwide, due to its association with common co-morbidities like cancer, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ and therefore plays a critical role in the survival of an individual, but its dysfunction or excess is directly linked to obesity. The journey from multipotent mesenchymal stem cells to the formation of mature adipocytes is a well-orchestrated program which requires the expression of several genes, their transcriptional factors, and signaling intermediates from numerous pathways. Understanding all the intricacies of adipogenesis is vital if we are to counter the current epidemic of obesity because the limited understanding of these intricacies is the main barrier to the development of potent therapeutic strategies against obesity. In particular, AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) plays a crucial role in regulating adipogenesis – it is arguably the central cellular energy regulation protein of the body. Since AMPK promotes the development of brown adipose tissue over that of white adipose tissue, special attention has been given to its role in adipose tissue development in recent years. In this review, we describe the molecular mechanisms involved in adipogenesis, the role of signaling pathways and the substantial role of activated AMPK in the inhibition of adiposity, concluding with observations which will support the development of novel chemotherapies against obesity epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Ahmad
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | | | - Isabel Lim Fong
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia
| | - Eng Hwa Wong
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
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Lipid accumulation and mitochondrial abnormalities are associated with fiber atrophy in the skeletal muscle of rats with collagen-induced arthritis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1865:158574. [PMID: 31747539 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has a negative impact on muscle mass, and reduces patient's mobility and autonomy. Furthermore, RA is associated with metabolic comorbidities, notably in lipid homeostasis by unknown mechanisms. To understand the links between the loss in muscle mass and the metabolic abnormalities, arthritis was induced in male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 11) using the collagen-induced arthritis model. Rats immunized with bovine type II collagen were compared to a control group of animals (n = 11) injected with acetic acid and complete Freund's adjuvant. The clinical severity of the ensuing arthritis was evaluated weekly by a semi-quantitative score. Skeletal muscles from the hind limb were used for the histological analysis and exploration of mitochondrial activity, lipid accumulation, metabolism and regenerative capacities. A significant atrophy in tibialis anterior muscle fibers was observed in the arthritic rats despite a non-significant decrease in the weight of the muscles. Despite moderate inflammation, accumulation of triglycerides (P < 0.05), reduced mitochondrial DNA copy number (P < 0.05) and non-significant dysfunction in mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase activity were found in the gastrocnemius muscle. Concomitantly, our results suggested an activation of the muscle specific E3 ubiquitin ligases MuRF-1 and MAFbx. Finally, the adipose tissue from the arthritic rats exhibited decreased PPARγ mRNA suggesting reduced adipogenic capacities. In conclusion, the reduced adipose tissue adipogenic capacity and skeletal muscle mitochondrial capacity are probably involved in the activation of protein catabolism, inhibition of myogenesis, accumulation of lipids and fiber atrophy in the skeletal muscle during RA.
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Lei Y, Gong L, Tan F, Liu Y, Li S, Shen H, Zhu M, Cai W, Xu F, Hou B, Zhou Y, Han H, Qiu L, Sun H. Vaccarin ameliorates insulin resistance and steatosis by activating the AMPK signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 851:13-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Sun S, Meng Q, Luo Z, Shi B, Bi C, Shan A. Effects of dietary resveratrol supplementation during gestation and lactation of sows on milk composition of sows and fat metabolism of sucking piglets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:813-821. [PMID: 30729607 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this article was to investigate the effects of dietary resveratrol supplementation during gestation and lactation of sows on the milk composition of sows and the fat metabolism of sucking piglets. Forty sows were allotted to two experimental treatment groups that included the following: (a) control sows (CON treatment, n = 20) fed with a corn-soybean meal control diet and (b) treatment sows (RES treatment, n = 20) fed with a control diet with addition of 300 mg/kg resveratrol. The results showed that the content of lactose in the colostrum was increased (p < 0.05) and the content of fat in 21-day milk was increased (p < 0.05) by dietary resveratrol supplementation. In the RES treatment group, the concentrations of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), lipase activity and insulin (INS) in plasma of sucking piglets were increased (p < 0.05). In the adipose tissue, the enzyme activities of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) increased significantly by RES treatment (p < 0.05), and the mRNA levels of acetyl coenzyme A-alpha (ACCα), LPL, fatty acid transport protein (FATP1) and CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein gene (C/EBPα) were higher in the RES treatment group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, resveratrol supplementation on gestational and lactating sows improved the content of lactose in the colostrum and the content of fat in milk at day 21 of lactation. In addition, resveratrol supplementation on sows increased HDL and LDL in the plasma of piglets. In piglet adipose tissue, the enzyme activity and mRNA level related to lipolysis, fatty acid uptake from circulating triacylglycerols and lipogenesis are partially improved by resveratrol supplementation on sows. These aspects affect fat metabolism in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishuai Sun
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingwei Meng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhang Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Baoming Shi
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chongpeng Bi
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Anshan Shan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Lee G, Jang H, Kim YY, Choe SS, Kong J, Hwang I, Park J, Im SS, Kim JB. SREBP1c-PAX4 Axis Mediates Pancreatic β-Cell Compensatory Responses Upon Metabolic Stress. Diabetes 2019; 68:81-94. [PMID: 30352876 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
SREBP1c is a key transcription factor for de novo lipogenesis. Although SREBP1c is expressed in pancreatic islets, its physiological roles in pancreatic β-cells are largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that SREBP1c regulates β-cell compensation under metabolic stress. SREBP1c expression level was augmented in pancreatic islets from obese and diabetic animals. In pancreatic β-cells, SREBP1c activation promoted the expression of cell cycle genes and stimulated β-cell proliferation through its novel target gene, PAX4 Compared with SREBP1c+/+ mice, SREBP1c-/- mice showed glucose intolerance with low insulin levels. Moreover, β-cells from SREBP1c-/- mice exhibited reduced capacity to proliferate and secrete insulin. Conversely, transplantation of SREBP1c-overexpressing islets restored insulin levels and relieved hyperglycemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic animals. Collectively, these data suggest that pancreatic SREBP1c is a key player in mediating β-cell compensatory responses in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gung Lee
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hagoon Jang
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ye Young Kim
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Sik Choe
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinuk Kong
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Injae Hwang
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeu Park
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Soon Im
- Department of Physiology and Medical Research Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Bum Kim
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Guedes JAC, Esteves JV, Morais MR, Zorn TM, Furuya DT. Osteocalcin improves insulin resistance and inflammation in obese mice: Participation of white adipose tissue and bone. Bone 2018; 115:68-82. [PMID: 29183784 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The discovery of osteocalcin, a protein synthetized by osteoblasts, as a hormone that has positive effects on insulin resistance, contributed to support the concept of bone as an endocrine organ. However, very little is known about the molecular pathways involved in osteocalcin improved-insulin resistance. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of action of osteocalcin on insulin resistance and inflammation in obese mice and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS Lean control, saline-treated obese and uncarboxylated osteocalcin (uOC)-treated obese mice were subjected to insulin tolerance test in vivo. Blood was collect for biochemical/metabolic profile analysis; and, skeletal muscle, white adipose tissue (WAT) and bone were collected for protein (Western blotting) and mRNA (RT-qPCR) analysis. uOC effects on insulin resistance and inflammation were also investigated in 3T3-L1 adipocytes challenged with tumor necrosis factor. Osteocalcin treatment improved in vivo insulin resistance in obese mice. In WAT, osteocalcin had positive effects such as (1) WAT weight reduction; (2) upregulation of glucose transporter (GLUT) 4 protein and its mRNA (Slc2a4); (3) improved insulin-induced AKT phosphorylation; (4) downregulation of several genes involved in inflammation and inflammassome transcriptional machinery, and (5) reduction of the density of macrophage in crown-like structures (histomorphometrical analysis). Notably, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, osteocalcin restored Slc2a4/GLUT4 content and reduced the expression of inflammatory genes after TNF-a challenge; moreover, osteocalcin treatment increased AKT phosphorylation induced by insulin. Finally, it was observed that in bone, osteocalcin improves insulin resistance by increasing insulin-induced AKT phosphorylation and reducing the expression of genes involved in bone insulin resistance, resulting in increased secretion of uncarboxylated osteocalcin in circulation. CONCLUSION We provided some mechanisms of action for osteocalcin in the amelioration of insulin resistance in obesity: in WAT, osteocalcin improves insulin resistance by decreasing inflammation, and increasing insulin signaling and the expression of Slc2a4/GLUT4; and, in bone, osteocalcin increases the secretion of uncarboxylated osteocalcin by improving insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A C Guedes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J V Esteves
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M R Morais
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T M Zorn
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D T Furuya
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Multivariate analysis of genomics data to identify potential pleiotropic genes for type 2 diabetes, obesity and dyslipidemia using Meta-CCA and gene-based approach. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201173. [PMID: 30110382 PMCID: PMC6093635 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated the genetic correlations between type 2 diabetes, obesity and dyslipidemia, and indicated that many genes have pleiotropic effects on them. However, these pleiotropic genes have not been well-defined. It is essential to identify pleiotropic genes using systematic approaches because systematically analyzing correlated traits is an effective way to enhance their statistical power. To identify potential pleiotropic genes for these three disorders, we performed a systematic analysis by incorporating GWAS (genome-wide associated study) datasets of six correlated traits related to type 2 diabetes, obesity and dyslipidemia using Meta-CCA (meta-analysis using canonical correlation analysis). Meta-CCA is an emerging method to systematically identify potential pleiotropic genes using GWAS summary statistics of multiple correlated traits. 2,720 genes were identified as significant genes after multiple testing (Bonferroni corrected p value < 0.05). Further, to refine the identified genes, we tested their relationship to the six correlated traits using VEGAS-2 (versatile gene-based association study-2). Only the genes significantly associated (Bonferroni corrected p value < 0.05) with more than one trait were kept. Finally, 25 genes (including two confirmed pleiotropic genes and eleven novel pleiotropic genes) were identified as potential pleiotropic genes. They were enriched in 5 pathways including the statin pathway and the PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) Alpha pathway. In summary, our study identified potential pleiotropic genes and pathways of type 2 diabetes, obesity and dyslipidemia, which may shed light on the common biological etiology and pathogenesis of these three disorders and provide promising insights for new therapies.
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MULLEROVA D, PESTA M, DVORAKOVA J, CEDIKOVA M, KULDA V, DVORAK P, BOUCHALOVÁ V, KRALICKOVA M, BABUSKA V, KUNCOVA J, LANGMAJEROVA J, MULLER L. Polychlorinated Biphenyl 153 in Lipid Medium Modulates Differentiation of Human Adipocytes. Physiol Res 2017; 66:653-662. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are involved in the development of diabetes mellitus in the obese. The purpose of this study was to determine mechanisms by which PCB 153 (2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexachloro-biphenyl) could influence diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance during adipogenesis. Lineage of h-ADMSCs was differentiated either as control (differentiation medium only), or with lipid vehicle modeling high fat nutrition (NuTRIflex) or lipid free vehicle (dimethylsulfoxide) for 28 days with or without PCB 153 daily co-exposure (in three concentrations 0.1, 1, and 10 µM). Gene expression analyses were performed using RT-qPCR at days 4, 10, 21, 24, 28; protein levels Akt and phosphorylated Akt (Phospho-Akt) by Western blot at days 4, and 21. PCB 153 treatment of h-ADMSCs only in lipid vehicle was associated with down regulation of key master genes of adipogenesis: PPARγ, SREBP-1, PPARGC1B, and PLIN2 during the whole process of differentiation; and with increased Akt and decreased Phospho-Akt protein level at day 21. We have shown that PCB 153, in concentration 0.1 µM, has a potential in lipid rich environment to modulate differentiation of adipocytes. Because European and U.S. adults have been exposed to PCB 153, this particular nutrient-toxicant interaction potentially impacts human obesity and insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. MULLEROVA
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
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Interactome-transcriptome analysis discovers signatures complementary to GWAS Loci of Type 2 Diabetes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35228. [PMID: 27752041 PMCID: PMC5067504 DOI: 10.1038/srep35228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein interactions play significant roles in complex diseases. We analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) transcriptome using a multi-method strategy. We constructed a tissue-specific interactome (T2Di) and identified 420 molecular signatures associated with T2D-related comorbidity and symptoms, mainly implicated in inflammation, adipogenesis, protein phosphorylation and hormonal secretion. Apart from explaining the residual associations within the DIAbetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis (DIAGRAM) study, the T2Di signatures were enriched in pathogenic cell type-specific regulatory elements related to fetal development, immunity and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL). The T2Di revealed a novel locus near a well-established GWAS loci AChE, in which SRRT interacts with JAZF1, a T2D-GWAS gene implicated in pancreatic function. The T2Di also included known anti-diabetic drug targets (e.g. PPARD, MAOB) and identified possible druggable targets (e.g. NCOR2, PDGFR). These T2Di signatures were validated by an independent computational method, and by expression data of pancreatic islet, muscle and liver with some of the signatures (CEBPB, SREBF1, MLST8, SRF, SRRT and SLC12A9) confirmed in PBMC from an independent cohort of 66 T2D and 66 control subjects. By combining prior knowledge and transcriptome analysis, we have constructed an interactome to explain the multi-layered regulatory pathways in T2D.
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Miranzadeh-Mahabadi H, Emadi-Baygi M, Nikpour P, Kelishadi R. Association Study Between Metabolic Syndrome and rs8066560 Polymorphism in the Promoter Region of Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Transcription Factor 1 Gene in Iranian Children and Adolescents. Int J Prev Med 2016; 7:41. [PMID: 27076879 PMCID: PMC4809125 DOI: 10.4103/2008-7802.177314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a prevalent disorder in pediatric age groups, described by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF-1) induces the expression of a family of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis. Moreover, dysregulation of miR-33b, which is located within the intron 17 of the SREBF-1 gene, disrupts fatty acid oxidation and insulin signaling, thus leading to MetS. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between SREBF-1 rs8066560 polymorphism and MetS in Iranian children and adolescents. Methods: This study includes 100 MetS and 100 normal individuals aged 9–19 years. Anthropological and biochemical indexes were measured. The -1099G > A polymorphism was genotyped by TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Significant differences were observed in anthropometric measurements and lipid profiles between MetS and normal children. There were no differences in the genotype frequencies or allele distribution for -1099G > A polymorphism between MetS and control groups. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly higher in the MetS GG group than in the A allele carrier group. The genotype AA controls had significantly increased cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels than AG genotypes. By logistic regression using different genetic models, no significant association was observed between SREBF-1 rs8066560 polymorphism and the risk of MetS. Conclusions: We conclude that the -1099G > A variant on SREBF-1 gene associated with serum lipid profiles, however, it may not be a major risk factor for the MetS in Iranian children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Miranzadeh-Mahabadi
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran; Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Modjtaba Emadi-Baygi
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran; Research Institute of Biotechnology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Nikpour
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Singh S, Netticadan T, Ramdath DD. Expression of cardiac insulin signalling genes and proteins in rats fed a high-sucrose diet: effect of bilberry anthocyanin extract. GENES AND NUTRITION 2016; 11:8. [PMID: 27482298 PMCID: PMC4959554 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-016-0516-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Scope Insulin resistance is associated with impaired cardiac function, but the underlying molecular abnormalities are largely unexplained. Bilberry anthocyanin (BAcn) may be protective, as it appears to potentiate insulin action. Methods Rats were randomly allocated to control, sucrose-fed (SF) or sucrose-fed + BAcn diets (SF-A) for 15 weeks. Cardiac insulin signalling genes and proteins were quantified using reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blots. Results Glucose tolerance was not different with treatment. SF showed lower (p < 0.05) ferric reducing antioxidant power, which increased with BAcn. SF resulted in significantly decreased (p < 0.05) expression of 10 genes: acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase alpha; V-Akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1; Bcl2-like 1; cytosine-cytosine-adenosine-adenosine-thymidine/enhancer binding protein; FK506 binding protein 12-rapamycin associated; glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (soluble); solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1, 4; hexokinase 2; and thyroglobulin. SF-A prevented these changes. Compared to SF-A, SF up-regulated (p < 0.05) complement factor D and phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit1 (α); sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 was down-regulated (p < 0.05). SF increased (p < 0.05) cardiac phospholamban and decreased phosphorylated troponin I, which were not attenuated by BAcn. Compared to control or SF, SF-A resulted in significantly lower (p < 0.05) 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase. Conclusions SF lowered antioxidant capacity and changed the expression of insulin signalling genes, which were modulated by BAcn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamjeet Singh
- Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago West Indies
| | - Thomas Netticadan
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada
| | - D Dan Ramdath
- Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago West Indies ; Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9 Canada
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Price NL, Fernández-Hernando C. miRNA regulation of white and brown adipose tissue differentiation and function. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:2104-2110. [PMID: 26898181 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic disorders are a major health concern in all developed countries and a primary focus of current medical research is to improve our understanding treatment of metabolic diseases. One avenue of research that has attracted a great deal of recent interest focuses upon understanding the role of miRNAs in the development of metabolic diseases. miRNAs have been shown to be dysregulated in a number of different tissues under conditions of obesity and insulin resistance, and have been demonstrated to be important regulators of a number of critical metabolic functions, including insulin secretion in the pancreas, lipid and glucose metabolism in the liver, and nutrient signaling in the hypothalamus. In this review we will focus on the important role of miRNAs in regulating the differentiation and function of white and brown adipose tissue and the potential importance of this for maintaining metabolic function and treating metabolic diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: MicroRNAs and lipid/energy metabolism and related diseases edited by Carlos Fernández-Hernando and Yajaira Suárez.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan L Price
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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SREBP-1c/MicroRNA 33b Genomic Loci Control Adipocyte Differentiation. Mol Cell Biol 2016; 36:1180-93. [PMID: 26830228 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00745-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) is essential for maintaining metabolic function, especially during obesity. The intronic microRNAs miR-33a and miR-33b, located within the genes encoding sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP-2) and SREBP-1, respectively, are transcribed in concert with their host genes and function alongside them to regulate cholesterol, fatty acid, and glucose metabolism. SREBP-1 is highly expressed in mature WAT and plays a critical role in promoting in vitro adipocyte differentiation. It is unknown whether miR-33b is induced during or involved in adipogenesis. This is in part due to loss of miR-33b in rodents, precluding in vivo assessment of the impact of miR-33b using standard mouse models. This work demonstrates that miR-33b is highly induced upon differentiation of human preadipocytes, along with SREBP-1. We further report that miR-33b is an important regulator of adipogenesis, as inhibition of miR-33b enhanced lipid droplet accumulation. Conversely, overexpression of miR-33b impaired preadipocyte proliferation and reduced lipid droplet formation and the induction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) target genes during differentiation. These effects may be mediated by targeting of HMGA2, cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6), and other predicted miR-33b targets. Together, these findings demonstrate a novel role of miR-33b in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation, with important implications for the development of obesity and metabolic disease.
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Tang Y, Peng Y, Liu J, Shi L, Wang Y, Long J, Liu J. Early inflammation-associated factors blunt sterol regulatory element-binding proteins-1-mediated lipogenesis in high-fat diet-fed APP SWE /PSEN1dE9 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2015; 136:791-803. [PMID: 26578392 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients have an increased incidence of Type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Since AD is considered a multifactorial disease that affects both the central nerves system and periphery and the dysregulation of hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism play critical roles in T2D, we, therefore, aim to explore the influence of AD genotype on the liver during the progress of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced T2D. Fourteen-week-old female APPSWE /PSEN1dE9 (AD) mice and age-, gender-matched wild-type controls C57BL/6J (WT) mice were fed a HFD (45% kcal fat content) or a standard chow diet (chow, 12% kcal fat content) for 22 weeks. The effects of diet and genotype were analyzed. Mouse primary hepatocytes were used to decipher the underlying mechanisms. HFD induced significantly higher body weight gain, more severe hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance and hepatic insulin resistance in AD mice than in WT mice. However, AD mice showed reduced HFD-induced hepatic steatosis, and SREBP-1-mediated lipogenic signaling was activated by HFD in WT mice but not in AD mice. In addition, 14-week-old AD mice exhibited higher expression of NF-κB p65, p-JNK and p-p38MAPK, as well as higher hepatic and serum contents of IL-6 and TNFα. In mouse primary hepatocyte cultures, IL-6 and TNFα inhibited high-glucose plus insulin-induced activation of SREBP-1-mediated lipogenic signaling and biosynthesis of non-esterified fatty acid and triglyceride. Early inflammation-associated factors most likely diminish HFD-induced hepatic lipid deposition by inhibiting SREBP-1-mediated de novo lipogenesis, thus driving substrate flux to glucose production for hyperglycemia and hepatic insulin resistance in T2D development. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial disease affecting both central nerves system and periphery organs. Therefore, we explored the hepatic susceptibility to high-fat diet (HFD) in AD mice. We found that AD mice were resistant to HFD-induced hepatic fat accumulation in spite of more severe obesity, hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance and hepatic insulin resistance. Mechanistically, AD mice exhibited hepatic inflammation at an early stage, which inhibited sterol regulatory element-binding proteins-1 (SREBP-1)-mediated de novo lipogenesis, and most likely drive substrate flux to glucose production for hyperglycemia and hepatic insulin resistance. Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.13306.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yunhua Peng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Le Shi
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongyao Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiangang Long
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Harmancey R, Haight DL, Watts KA, Taegtmeyer H. Chronic Hyperinsulinemia Causes Selective Insulin Resistance and Down-regulates Uncoupling Protein 3 (UCP3) through the Activation of Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Protein (SREBP)-1 Transcription Factor in the Mouse Heart. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:30947-61. [PMID: 26555260 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.673988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk for heart failure and death after myocardial infarction is abnormally high in diabetic subjects. We and others have shown previously that mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) improves functional recovery of the rodent heart during reperfusion. Here, we demonstrate that pharmacological induction of hyperinsulinemia in mice down-regulates myocardial UCP3. Decreased UCP3 expression was linked to the development of selective insulin resistance in the heart, characterized by decreased basal activity of Akt but preserved activity of the p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and overactivation of the sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1-mediated lipogenic program. In cultured myocytes, insulin treatment and SREBP-1 overexpression decreased, whereas SREBP-1 interference increased, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-stimulated expression of UCP3. Promoter deletion and site-directed mutagenesis identified three functional sterol regulatory elements in the vicinity of a known complex intronic enhancer. Increased binding of SREBP-1 to this DNA region was confirmed in the heart of hyperinsulinemic mice. In conclusion, we describe a hitherto unknown regulatory mechanism by which insulin inhibits cardiac UCP3 expression through activation of the lipogenic factor SREBP-1. Sustained down-regulation of cardiac UCP3 by hyperinsulinemia may partly explain the poor prognosis of type 2 diabetic patients after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Harmancey
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030 and the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research and Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216-4505
| | - Derek L Haight
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030 and
| | - Kayla A Watts
- the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research and Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216-4505
| | - Heinrich Taegtmeyer
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030 and
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Kulkarni H, Kos MZ, Neary J, Dyer TD, Kent JW, Göring HHH, Cole SA, Comuzzie AG, Almasy L, Mahaney MC, Curran JE, Blangero J, Carless MA. Novel epigenetic determinants of type 2 diabetes in Mexican-American families. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:5330-44. [PMID: 26101197 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although DNA methylation is now recognized as an important mediator of complex diseases, the extent to which the genetic basis of such diseases is accounted for by DNA methylation is unknown. In the setting of large, extended families representing a minority, high-risk population of the USA, we aimed to characterize the role of epigenome-wide DNA methylation in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Using Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip arrays, we tested for association of DNA methylation at 446 356 sites with age, sex and phenotypic traits related to T2D in 850 pedigreed Mexican-American individuals. Robust statistical analyses showed that (i) 15% of the methylome is significantly heritable, with a median heritability of 0.14; (ii) DNA methylation at 14% of CpG sites is associated with nearby sequence variants; (iii) 22% and 3% of the autosomal CpG sites are associated with age and sex, respectively; (iv) 53 CpG sites were significantly associated with liability to T2D, fasting blood glucose and insulin resistance; (v) DNA methylation levels at five CpG sites, mapping to three well-characterized genes (TXNIP, ABCG1 and SAMD12) independently explained 7.8% of the heritability of T2D (vi) methylation at these five sites was unlikely to be influenced by neighboring DNA sequence variation. Our study has identified novel epigenetic indicators of T2D risk in Mexican Americans who have increased risk for this disease. These results provide new insights into potential treatment targets of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Kulkarni
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, Regional Academic Health Center, Harlingen, TX 78550, USA and
| | - Mark Z Kos
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, Regional Academic Health Center, Harlingen, TX 78550, USA and
| | - Jennifer Neary
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Thomas D Dyer
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, Regional Academic Health Center, Harlingen, TX 78550, USA and
| | - Jack W Kent
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Harald H H Göring
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, Regional Academic Health Center, Harlingen, TX 78550, USA and
| | - Shelley A Cole
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Anthony G Comuzzie
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Laura Almasy
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, Regional Academic Health Center, Harlingen, TX 78550, USA and
| | - Michael C Mahaney
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, Regional Academic Health Center, Harlingen, TX 78550, USA and
| | - Joanne E Curran
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, Regional Academic Health Center, Harlingen, TX 78550, USA and
| | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, Regional Academic Health Center, Harlingen, TX 78550, USA and
| | - Melanie A Carless
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
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Pedersen DJ, Guilherme A, Danai LV, Heyda L, Matevossian A, Cohen J, Nicoloro SM, Straubhaar J, Noh HL, Jung D, Kim JK, Czech MP. A major role of insulin in promoting obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation. Mol Metab 2015; 4:507-18. [PMID: 26137438 PMCID: PMC4481426 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Adipose tissue (AT) inflammation is associated with systemic insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia in obese rodents and humans. A longstanding concept is that hyperinsulinemia may promote systemic insulin resistance through downregulation of its receptor on target tissues. Here we tested the novel hypothesis that insulin also impairs systemic insulin sensitivity by specifically enhancing adipose inflammation. Methods Circulating insulin levels were reduced by about 50% in diet-induced and genetically obese mice by treatments with diazoxide or streptozotocin, respectively. We then examined AT crown-like structures, macrophage markers and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in AT. AT lipogenesis and systemic insulin sensitivity was also monitored. Conversely, insulin was infused into lean mice to determine its affects on the above parameters. Results Lowering circulating insulin levels in obese mice by streptozotocin treatment decreased macrophage content in AT, enhancing insulin stimulated Akt phosphorylation and de novo lipogenesis (DNL). Moreover, responsiveness of blood glucose levels to injected insulin was improved by streptozotocin and diazoxide treatments of obese mice without changes in body weight. Remarkably, even in lean mice, infusion of insulin under constant euglycemic conditions stimulated expression of cytokines in AT. Consistent with these findings, insulin treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes caused a 10-fold increase in CCL2 mRNA levels within 6 h, which was blocked by the ERK inhibitor PD98059. Conclusion Taken together, these results indicate that obesity-associated hyperinsulinemia unexpectedly drives AT inflammation in obese mice, which in turn contributes to factors that suppress insulin-stimulated adipocyte DNL and systemic insulin sensitivity. Adipose tissue inflammation correlates with hyperinsulinemia in obese mice and humans independent of BMI. Reduction of hyperinsulinemia ameliorates adipose tissue inflammation and enhances systemic insulin sensitivity. Insulin increases adipose inflammation in vivo and enhances adipocyte MCP-1 expression in vitro through ERK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Pedersen
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Adilson Guilherme
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Laura V Danai
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Lauren Heyda
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Anouch Matevossian
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jessica Cohen
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Sarah M Nicoloro
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Juerg Straubhaar
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Hye Lim Noh
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA ; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - DaeYoung Jung
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA ; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jason K Kim
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA ; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Michael P Czech
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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Auguet T, Guiu-Jurado E, Berlanga A, Terra X, Martinez S, Porras JA, Ceausu A, Sabench F, Hernandez M, Aguilar C, Sirvent JJ, Del Castillo D, Richart C. Downregulation of lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of morbidly obese women. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:2032-8. [PMID: 24931172 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyse the expression of crucial genes in fatty acid metabolism in visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissue samples from morbidly obese women. METHODS The VAT and SAT expression of key genes in 145 morbidly obese women (MO, BMI > 40 Kg/m(2) ) and 18 normal weight control women by RT-PCR and Western Blot was analyzed. RESULTS In SAT, the expression levels of the genes related to lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation were significantly lower in MO than in controls. In VAT, most of the lipogenic genes studied had similar expression levels in MO and control cohort. Regarding inflammation, IL6 was significantly higher in MO in both tissues whereas TNFα mRNA expression was significantly higher only in VAT. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that in morbidly obese patients, lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation are downregulated in SAT, whereas in VAT these pathways are almost unchanged. By contrast, inflammation is induced in both adipose tissues. It is hypothesized that, in this type of extreme obesity, SAT works to limit any further development of fat mass, decreasing the expression of lipogenic and FA oxidative genes whereas VAT depot might have lost this capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Auguet
- Grup GEMMAIR (AGAUR), Grup de Recerca en Medicina Aplicada Hospital Joan XXIII, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d'Investigació de la Salut Pere Virgili (IISPV), Mallafré Guasch, 4, 43007, Tarragona, Spain; Servei Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII Tarragona, Mallafré Guasch, 4, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
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30
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Song GY, Ren LP, Chen SC, Wang C, Liu N, Wei LM, Li F, Sun W, Peng LB, Tang Y. Similar changes in muscle lipid metabolism are induced by chronic high-fructose feeding and high-fat feeding in C57BL/J6 mice. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2014; 39:1011-8. [PMID: 23039229 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of high fructose and high fat feeding on muscle lipid metabolism and to illustrate the mechanisms by which the two different dietary factors induce muscle lipid accumulation. C57BL/J6 mice were fed either a standard, high-fructose (HFru) or high-fat diet. After 16 weeks feeding, mice were killed and plasma triglyceride (TG) and free fatty acid (FFA) levels were detected. In addition, muscle TG and long chain acyl CoA (LCACoA) content was determined, glucose tolerance was evaluated and the protein content of fatty acid translocase CD36 (FATCD36) in muscle was measured. Mitochondrial oxidative function in the muscle was evaluated by estimating the activity of oxidative enzymes, namely cytochrome oxidase (COx), citrate synthase (CS) and β-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase (β-HAD), and the muscle protein content of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1), cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-1 and proliferator-activated receptor coactivator (PGC)-1α was determined. Finally, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) gene expression and fatty acid synthase (FAS) protein content were determined in muscle tissues. After 16 weeks, plasma TG and FFA levels were significantly increased in both the HFru and HF groups. In addition, mice in both groups exhibited significant increases in muscle TG and LCACoA content. Compared with mice fed the standard diet (control group), those in the HFru and HF groups developed glucose intolerance and exhibited increased FATCD36 protein levels, enzyme activity related to fatty acid utilization in the mitochondria and protein expressions of CPT-1, COX-1 and PGC-1α in muscle tissue. Finally, mice in both the HFru and HF groups exhibited increase SREBP-1c expression and FAS protein content. In conclusion, high fructose and high fat feeding lead to similar changes in muscle lipid metabolism in C57BL/J6 mice. Lipid accumulation in the muscle may be associated with increased expression of proteins related to lipid transportation and synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Yao Song
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of Hebei, Hebei, China.
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31
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Carobbio S, Hagen RM, Lelliott CJ, Slawik M, Medina-Gomez G, Tan CY, Sicard A, Atherton HJ, Barbarroja N, Bjursell M, Bohlooly-Y M, Virtue S, Tuthill A, Lefai E, Laville M, Wu T, Considine RV, Vidal H, Langin D, Oresic M, Tinahones FJ, Fernandez-Real JM, Griffin JL, Sethi JK, López M, Vidal-Puig A. Adaptive changes of the Insig1/SREBP1/SCD1 set point help adipose tissue to cope with increased storage demands of obesity. Diabetes 2013; 62:3697-708. [PMID: 23919961 PMCID: PMC3806615 DOI: 10.2337/db12-1748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The epidemic of obesity imposes unprecedented challenges on human adipose tissue (WAT) storage capacity that may benefit from adaptive mechanisms to maintain adipocyte functionality. Here, we demonstrate that changes in the regulatory feedback set point control of Insig1/SREBP1 represent an adaptive response that preserves WAT lipid homeostasis in obese and insulin-resistant states. In our experiments, we show that Insig1 mRNA expression decreases in WAT from mice with obesity-associated insulin resistance and from morbidly obese humans and in in vitro models of adipocyte insulin resistance. Insig1 downregulation is part of an adaptive response that promotes the maintenance of SREBP1 maturation and facilitates lipogenesis and availability of appropriate levels of fatty acid unsaturation, partially compensating the antilipogenic effect associated with insulin resistance. We describe for the first time the existence of this adaptive mechanism in WAT, which involves Insig1/SREBP1 and preserves the degree of lipid unsaturation under conditions of obesity-induced insulin resistance. These adaptive mechanisms contribute to maintain lipid desaturation through preferential SCD1 regulation and facilitate fat storage in WAT, despite on-going metabolic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Carobbio
- University of Cambridge, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Rachel M. Hagen
- University of Cambridge, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | | | - Marc Slawik
- University of Cambridge, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
- Endocrine Research Unit, Medizinische Klinik-Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Gema Medina-Gomez
- University of Cambridge, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Fisiología y Genética Molecular, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Avda.de Atenas s/n28922 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Chong-Yew Tan
- University of Cambridge, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Audrey Sicard
- INSERM, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Laboratory of Obesity, Toulouse, France
| | - Helen J. Atherton
- MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory & University of Cambridge, Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Nuria Barbarroja
- University of Cambridge, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
- Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Malaga, Spain
| | - Mikael Bjursell
- Department of Biosciences, CVGI iMED, AstraZeneca Research and Development, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Bohlooly-Y
- Department of Biosciences, CVGI iMED, AstraZeneca Research and Development, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Sam Virtue
- University of Cambridge, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Antoinette Tuthill
- University of Cambridge, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Etienne Lefai
- INSERM U-1060; INRA U-1235; Human Nutrition Research Center of Lyon CarMeN Laboratory, Lyon1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Martine Laville
- INSERM U-1060; INRA U-1235; Human Nutrition Research Center of Lyon CarMeN Laboratory, Lyon1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Tingting Wu
- Department of Biosciences, CVGI iMED, AstraZeneca Research and Development, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Robert V. Considine
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Hubert Vidal
- INSERM U-1060; INRA U-1235; Human Nutrition Research Center of Lyon CarMeN Laboratory, Lyon1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Dominique Langin
- INSERM, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Laboratory of Obesity, Toulouse, France
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Toulouse, France
| | - Matej Oresic
- Department of Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry, Obesity Research Unit, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Francisco J. Tinahones
- Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Malaga, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Fernandez-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona, CIBERobn Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición CB06/03/010, Girona, Spain
| | - Julian L. Griffin
- MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory & University of Cambridge, Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Jaswinder K. Sethi
- University of Cambridge, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Miguel López
- University of Cambridge, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- University of Cambridge, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, U.K
- Corresponding author: Antonio Vidal-Puig,
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Kruse M, Seki Y, Vuguin PM, Du XQ, Fiallo A, Glenn AS, Singer S, Breuhahn K, Katz EB, Charron MJ. High-fat intake during pregnancy and lactation exacerbates high-fat diet-induced complications in male offspring in mice. Endocrinology 2013; 154:3565-76. [PMID: 23861375 PMCID: PMC3776861 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Altered fetal environments, such as a high-fat milieu, induce metabolic abnormalities in offspring. Different postnatal environments reveal the predisposition for adult diseases that occur during the fetal period. This study investigates the ability of a maternal high-fat diet (HFD) to program metabolic responses to HFD reexposure in offspring after consuming normal chow for 23 weeks after weaning. Wild-type CD1 females were fed a HFD (H) or control (C) chow during pregnancy and lactation. At 26 weeks of age, offspring were either reexposed (H-C-H) or newly exposed (C-C-H) to the HFD for 19 weeks. Body weight was measured weekly, and glucose and insulin tolerance were measured after 10 and 18 weeks on the HFD. The metabolic profile of offspring on a HFD or C diet during pregnancy and lactation and weaned onto a low-fat diet was similar at 26 weeks. H-C-H offspring gained more weight and developed larger adipocytes after being reintroduced to the HFD later in life than C-C-H. H-C-H mice were glucose and insulin intolerant and showed reduced gene expression of cox6a2 and atp5i in muscle, indicating mitochondrial dysfunction. In adipocytes, the expression of slc2a4, srebf1, and adipoq genes was decreased in H-C-H mice compared with C-C-C, indicating insulin resistance. H-C-H showed extensive hepatosteatosis, accompanied by increased gene expression for cd36 and serpin1, compared with C-C-H. Perinatal exposure to a HFD programs a more deleterious response to a HFD challenge later in life even after an interval of normal diet in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kruse
- Department of Biochemistry, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, New York, The Bronx, New York 10461.
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Ren LP, Song GY, Hu ZJ, Zhang M, Peng L, Chen SC, Wei L, Li F, Sun W. The chemical chaperon 4-phenylbutyric acid ameliorates hepatic steatosis through inhibition of de novo lipogenesis in high-fructose-fed rats. Int J Mol Med 2013; 32:1029-36. [PMID: 24042997 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease caused by dietary factors such as a high fructose intake is a growing global concern. The aim of this study was to investigate the intervention effects of an endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA) on liver steatosis induced by high-fructose feeding in rats and the possible underlying mechanisms. Wistar rats were divided into the control, high-fructose group (HFru) and PBA intervention (HFru-PBA) groups. PBA intervention was initiated following 4 weeks of high-fructose feeding. After 8 weeks of feeding, the ERS markers p-PERK, p-eIF2α, p-IRE-1, spliced XBP-1, ATF-6 were measured by western blotting. Liver triglyceride contents and morphological changes were examined. The protein expression of lipogenic key enzymes (ACC, FAS and SCD-1) and upstream transcriptional factors (SREBP-1c and ChREBP) were measured. The ERS-related cell events, oxidative stress and apoptosis, were evaluated by standard methods. Results demonstrated that PBA intervention significantly resolved hepatic ERS and improved liver steatosis induced by high-fructose feeding in rats. The protein expression of ACC, FAS, SCD-1 and SREBP-1c was upregulated in high-fructose-fed rats, whereas it decreased following PBA intervention. Oxidative stress and apoptosis were observed in livers of high-fructose-fed rats, but were alleviated by PBA intervention. ERS is involved in the development of fatty liver induced by a high fructose intake. ERS inhibition by PBA can therefore ameliorate liver steatosis through inhibition of hepatic lipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Ping Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of Hebei, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
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Bonala S, McFarlane C, Ang J, Lim R, Lee M, Chua H, Lokireddy S, Sreekanth P, Leow MKS, Meng KC, Shyong TE, Lee YS, Gluckman PD, Sharma M, Kambadur R. Pid1 induces insulin resistance in both human and mouse skeletal muscle during obesity. Mol Endocrinol 2013; 27:1518-35. [PMID: 23927930 DOI: 10.1210/me.2013-1048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with insulin resistance and abnormal peripheral tissue glucose uptake. However, the mechanisms that interfere with insulin signaling and glucose uptake in human skeletal muscle during obesity are not fully characterized. Using microarray, we have identified that the expression of Pid1 gene, which encodes for a protein that contains a phosphotyrosine-interacting domain, is increased in myoblasts established from overweight insulin-resistant individuals. Molecular analysis further validated that both Pid1 mRNA and protein levels are increased in cell culture models of insulin resistance. Consistent with these results, overexpression of phosphotyrosine interaction domain-containing protein 1 (PID1) in human myoblasts resulted in reduced insulin signaling and glucose uptake, whereas knockdown of PID1 enhanced glucose uptake and insulin signaling in human myoblasts and improved the insulin sensitivity following palmitate-, TNF-α-, or myostatin-induced insulin resistance in human myoblasts. Furthermore, the number of mitochondria in myoblasts that ectopically express PID1 was significantly reduced. In addition to overweight humans, we find that Pid1 levels are also increased in all 3 peripheral tissues (liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue) in mouse models of diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. An in silico search for regulators of Pid1 expression revealed the presence of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) binding sites in the Pid1 promoter. Luciferase reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation studies confirmed that NF-κB is sufficient to transcriptionally up-regulate the Pid1 promoter. Furthermore, we find that myostatin up-regulates Pid1 expression via an NF-κB signaling mechanism. Collectively these results indicate that Pid1 is a potent intracellular inhibitor of insulin signaling pathway during obesity in humans and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabeera Bonala
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
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Bays HE, Toth PP, Kris-Etherton PM, Abate N, Aronne LJ, Brown WV, Gonzalez-Campoy JM, Jones SR, Kumar R, La Forge R, Samuel VT. Obesity, adiposity, and dyslipidemia: a consensus statement from the National Lipid Association. J Clin Lipidol 2013; 7:304-83. [PMID: 23890517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The term "fat" may refer to lipids as well as the cells and tissue that store lipid (ie, adipocytes and adipose tissue). "Lipid" is derived from "lipos," which refers to animal fat or vegetable oil. Adiposity refers to body fat and is derived from "adipo," referring to fat. Adipocytes and adipose tissue store the greatest amount of body lipids, including triglycerides and free cholesterol. Adipocytes and adipose tissue are active from an endocrine and immune standpoint. Adipocyte hypertrophy and excessive adipose tissue accumulation can promote pathogenic adipocyte and adipose tissue effects (adiposopathy), resulting in abnormal levels of circulating lipids, with dyslipidemia being a major atherosclerotic coronary heart disease risk factor. It is therefore incumbent upon lipidologists to be among the most knowledgeable in the understanding of the relationship between excessive body fat and dyslipidemia. On September 16, 2012, the National Lipid Association held a Consensus Conference with the goal of better defining the effect of adiposity on lipoproteins, how the pathos of excessive body fat (adiposopathy) contributes to dyslipidemia, and how therapies such as appropriate nutrition, increased physical activity, weight-management drugs, and bariatric surgery might be expected to impact dyslipidemia. It is hoped that the information derived from these proceedings will promote a greater appreciation among clinicians of the impact of excess adiposity and its treatment on dyslipidemia and prompt more research on the effects of interventions for improving dyslipidemia and reducing cardiovascular disease risk in overweight and obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold E Bays
- Louisville Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center, 3288 Illinois Avenue, Louisville, KY 40213, USA.
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Czech MP, Tencerova M, Pedersen DJ, Aouadi M. Insulin signalling mechanisms for triacylglycerol storage. Diabetologia 2013; 56:949-64. [PMID: 23443243 PMCID: PMC3652374 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-2869-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Insulin signalling is uniquely required for storing energy as fat in humans. While de novo synthesis of fatty acids and triacylglycerol occurs mostly in liver, adipose tissue is the primary site for triacylglycerol storage. Insulin signalling mechanisms in adipose tissue that stimulate hydrolysis of circulating triacylglycerol, uptake of the released fatty acids and their conversion to triacylglycerol are poorly understood. New findings include (1) activation of DNA-dependent protein kinase to stimulate upstream stimulatory factor (USF)1/USF2 heterodimers, enhancing the lipogenic transcription factor sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP1c); (2) stimulation of fatty acid synthase through AMP kinase modulation; (3) mobilisation of lipid droplet proteins to promote retention of triacylglycerol; and (4) upregulation of a novel carbohydrate response element binding protein β isoform that potently stimulates transcription of lipogenic enzymes. Additionally, insulin signalling through mammalian target of rapamycin to activate transcription and processing of SREBP1c described in liver may apply to adipose tissue. Paradoxically, insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes is associated with increased triacylglycerol synthesis in liver, while it is decreased in adipose tissue. This and other mysteries about insulin signalling and insulin resistance in adipose tissue make this topic especially fertile for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Czech
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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Ito M, Nagasawa M, Omae N, Tsunoda M, Ishiyama J, Ide T, Akasaka Y, Murakami K. A novel JNK2/SREBP-1c pathway involved in insulin-induced fatty acid synthesis in human adipocytes. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:1531-1540. [PMID: 23515281 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m031591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin plays important roles in apoptosis and lipid droplet (LD) formation, and it is one of the determinants involved in increasing fat mass. However, the mechanisms underlying insulin-induced enlargement of fat mass remain unclear. Our previous study suggested that insulin-induced increases in LDs are related to c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)2-mediated upregulation of cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor-α-like effector (CIDE)C in human adipocytes. However, other genes involved in insulin/JNK2-induced LD formation are unknown. Here, we explored insulin/JNK2-regulated genes to clarify the mechanism of enlargement of LDs. Microarray analysis revealed that an insulin/JNK2 pathway mostly regulates expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism, including sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-1, a key transcription factor of lipogenesis. The JNK inhibitor SP600125 blocked insulin-induced upregulation of SREBP-1c expression. Small interfering RNA-mediated depletion of JNK2 suppressed insulin-induced nuclear accumulation of the active form of SREBP-1 protein and upregulation of SREBP-1c. Furthermore, depletion of JNK2 attenuated insulin-induced upregulation of SREBP-1c target lipogenic enzymes, leading to reduced de novo fatty acid synthesis. In addition, JNK2 coimmunoprecipitated with SREBP-1, reinforcing the correlation between JNK2 and SREBP-1. These results suggest that SREBP-1c is a novel insulin/JNK2-regulated gene and that the JNK2/SREBP-1c pathway mediates insulin-induced fatty acid synthesis, which may lead to enlargement of LDs in human adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Ito
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Tochigi 329-0114, Japan
| | - Michiaki Nagasawa
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Tochigi 329-0114, Japan.
| | - Naoki Omae
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Tochigi 329-0114, Japan
| | - Masaki Tsunoda
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Tochigi 329-0114, Japan
| | - Junichi Ishiyama
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Tochigi 329-0114, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ide
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Tochigi 329-0114, Japan
| | - Yunike Akasaka
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Tochigi 329-0114, Japan
| | - Koji Murakami
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Tochigi 329-0114, Japan
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Abstract
Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) are major transcription factors regulating the biosynthesis of cholesterol, fatty acid, and triglyceride. They control the expression of crucial genes involved in lipogenesis and uptake. In this review, we summarize the processing of SREBPs and their regulation by insulin, cAMP, and vitamin A, and the relationship between miRNA and lipid metabolism. We also discuss the recent functional studies on SREBPs. These discoveries suggest that inhibition of SREBP can be a novel strategy to treat metabolic diseases, such as type II diabetes, insulin resistance, fatty liver, and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Xiao
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shangha, China.
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Dessalle K, Euthine V, Chanon S, Delarichaudy J, Fujii I, Rome S, Vidal H, Nemoz G, Simon C, Lefai E. SREBP-1 transcription factors regulate skeletal muscle cell size by controlling protein synthesis through myogenic regulatory factors. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50878. [PMID: 23226416 PMCID: PMC3511457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
SREBP-1 are ubiquitously expressed transcription factors, strongly expressed in lipogenic tissues where they regulate several metabolic processes like fatty acid synthesis. In skeletal muscle, SREBP-1 proteins regulate the expression of hundreds of genes, and we previously showed that their overexpression induced muscle atrophy together with a combined lack of expression of myogenic regulatory factors. Here we present evidences that SREBP-1 regulate muscle protein synthesis through the downregulation of the expression of MYOD1, MYOG and MEF2C factors. In myotubes overexpressing SREBP-1, restoring the expression of myogenic factors prevented atrophy and rescued protein synthesis, without affecting SREBP-1 action on atrogenes and proteolysis. Our results point out the roles of MRFs in the maintenance of the protein content and cell size in adult muscle fibre, and contribute to decipher the mechanisms by which SREBP-1 regulate muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Dessalle
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA 1235, University Lyon1, Oullins, France
| | - Vanessa Euthine
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA 1235, University Lyon1, Oullins, France
| | - Stéphanie Chanon
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA 1235, University Lyon1, Oullins, France
| | | | - Isao Fujii
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto-city, Japan
| | - Sophie Rome
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA 1235, University Lyon1, Oullins, France
| | - Hubert Vidal
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA 1235, University Lyon1, Oullins, France
| | - Georges Nemoz
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA 1235, University Lyon1, Oullins, France
| | - Chantal Simon
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA 1235, University Lyon1, Oullins, France
| | - Etienne Lefai
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA 1235, University Lyon1, Oullins, France
- * E-mail:
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In Vitro and In Vivo Characterizations of Chiglitazar, a Newly Identified PPAR Pan-Agonist. PPAR Res 2012; 2012:546548. [PMID: 23150725 PMCID: PMC3486420 DOI: 10.1155/2012/546548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid rationales are still present for the identification of synthetic ligands to simultaneously target multiple PPAR subtypes for the treatment of T2DM. The purpose of this study was to characterize the in vitro and in vivo differential effects of chiglitazar, a non-TZD type of PPAR pan-agonist currently in phase III clinic development in China, from PPARγ-selective agonist like rosiglitazone. Chiglitazar showed transactivating activity in each PPARα, γ, and δ subtype and upregulated the expression of PPARα and/or PPARδ downstream genes involved in the key processes of lipid metabolism and thermogenesis. Comparable blood glucose lowering effect was observed between chiglitazar and rosiglitazone, but chiglitazar did not significantly increase the body weight in KKAy and fat pad weight in db/db mice. Chiglitazar had high distribution in liver, pancreas, and skeleton muscles but was less present in kidney, heart, and adipose in rats. Heart weight increase was not observed in rats treated with chiglitazar for 6 months at a dose as high as 45 mg kg−1. The in vitro and in vivo differential features of chiglitazar are informative and encouraging for the further development of this synthetic ligand for the potential use in T2DM.
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Polyphenol-Rich Fraction of Brown Alga Ecklonia cava Collected from Gijang, Korea, Reduces Obesity and Glucose Levels in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:418912. [PMID: 22844333 PMCID: PMC3403644 DOI: 10.1155/2012/418912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ecklonia cava (E. cava) is a brown alga that has beneficial effects in models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. However, the effects of E. cava extracts on diet-induced obesity and type 2 diabetes have not been specifically examined. We investigated the effects of E. cava on body weight, fat content, and hyperglycemia in high-fat diet- (HFD) induced obese mice and sought the mechanisms involved. C57BL/6 male mice were fed a HFD (60% fat) diet or normal chow. After 3 weeks, the HFD diet group was given extracts (200 mg/kg) of E. cava harvested from Jeju (CA) or Gijang (G-CA), Korea or PBS by oral intubation for 8 weeks. Body weights were measured weekly. Blood glucose and glucose tolerance were measured at 7 weeks, and fat pad content and mRNA expression of adipogenic genes and inflammatory cytokines were measured after 8 weeks of treatment. G-CA was effective in reducing body weight gain, body fat, and hyperglycemia and improving glucose tolerance as compared with PBS-HFD mice. The mRNA expression of adipogenic genes was increased, and mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines and macrophage marker gene was decreased in G-CA-treated obese mice. We suggest that G-CA reduces obesity and glucose levels by anti-inflammatory actions and improvement of lipid metabolism.
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States JC, Singh AV, Knudsen TB, Rouchka EC, Ngalame NO, Arteel GE, Piao Y, Ko MSH. Prenatal arsenic exposure alters gene expression in the adult liver to a proinflammatory state contributing to accelerated atherosclerosis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38713. [PMID: 22719926 PMCID: PMC3376138 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which environmental toxicants alter developmental processes predisposing individuals to adult onset chronic disease are not well-understood. Transplacental arsenic exposure promotes atherogenesis in apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoE−/−) mice. Because the liver plays a central role in atherosclerosis, diabetes and metabolic syndrome, we hypothesized that accelerated atherosclerosis may be linked to altered hepatic development. This hypothesis was tested in ApoE−/− mice exposed to 49 ppm arsenic in utero from gestational day (GD) 8 to term. GD18 hepatic arsenic was 1.2 µg/g in dams and 350 ng/g in fetuses. The hepatic transcriptome was evaluated by microarray analysis to assess mRNA and microRNA abundance in control and exposed pups at postnatal day (PND) 1 and PND70. Arsenic exposure altered postnatal developmental trajectory of mRNA and microRNA profiles. We identified an arsenic exposure related 51-gene signature at PND1 and PND70 with several hubs of interaction (Hspa8, IgM and Hnf4a). Gene ontology (GO) annotation analyses indicated that pathways for gluconeogenesis and glycolysis were suppressed in exposed pups at PND1, and pathways for protein export, ribosome, antigen processing and presentation, and complement and coagulation cascades were induced by PND70. Promoter analysis of differentially-expressed transcripts identified enriched transcription factor binding sites and clustering to common regulatory sites. SREBP1 binding sites were identified in about 16% of PND70 differentially-expressed genes. Western blot analysis confirmed changes in the liver at PND70 that included increases of heat shock protein 70 (Hspa8) and active SREBP1. Plasma AST and ALT levels were increased at PND70. These results suggest that transplacental arsenic exposure alters developmental programming in fetal liver, leading to an enduring stress and proinflammatory response postnatally that may contribute to early onset of atherosclerosis. Genes containing SREBP1 binding sites also suggest pathways for diabetes mellitus and rheumatoid arthritis, both diseases that contribute to increased cardiovascular disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Christopher States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America.
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Soronen J, Laurila PP, Naukkarinen J, Surakka I, Ripatti S, Jauhiainen M, Olkkonen VM, Yki-Järvinen H. Adipose tissue gene expression analysis reveals changes in inflammatory, mitochondrial respiratory and lipid metabolic pathways in obese insulin-resistant subjects. BMC Med Genomics 2012; 5:9. [PMID: 22471940 PMCID: PMC3384471 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-5-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To get insight into molecular mechanisms underlying insulin resistance, we compared acute in vivo effects of insulin on adipose tissue transcriptional profiles between obese insulin-resistant and lean insulin-sensitive women. Methods Subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were obtained before and after 3 and 6 hours of intravenously maintained euglycemic hyperinsulinemia from 9 insulin-resistant and 11 insulin-sensitive females. Gene expression was measured using Affymetrix HG U133 Plus 2 microarrays and qRT-PCR. Microarray data and pathway analyses were performed with Chipster v1.4.2 and by using in-house developed nonparametric pathway analysis software. Results The most prominent difference in gene expression of the insulin-resistant group during hyperinsulinemia was reduced transcription of nuclear genes involved in mitochondrial respiration (mitochondrial respiratory chain, GO:0001934). Inflammatory pathways with complement components (inflammatory response, GO:0006954) and cytokines (chemotaxis, GO:0042330) were strongly up-regulated in insulin-resistant as compared to insulin-sensitive subjects both before and during hyperinsulinemia. Furthermore, differences were observed in genes contributing to fatty acid, cholesterol and triglyceride metabolism (FATP2, ELOVL6, PNPLA3, SREBF1) and in genes involved in regulating lipolysis (ANGPTL4) between the insulin-resistant and -sensitive subjects especially during hyperinsulinemia. Conclusions The major finding of this study was lower expression of mitochondrial respiratory pathway and defective induction of lipid metabolism pathways by insulin in insulin-resistant subjects. Moreover, the study reveals several novel genes whose aberrant regulation is associated with the obese insulin-resistant phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarkko Soronen
- FIMM, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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TNF-α increases lipogenesis via JNK and PI3K/Akt pathways in SZ95 human sebocytes. J Dermatol Sci 2012; 65:179-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2011.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipokine secreted from adipocytes and plays important roles in the suppression of metabolic syndromes that can result in type 2 diabetes, obesity, and atherosclerosis. Adiponectin is a promising drug target because a number of studies have shown that upregulation of adiponectin has a number of therapeutic benefits. Extensive efforts have revealed various adiponectin regulators, such as cytokines, transcription factors, and drugs. Cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α, IL-6, and IL-18, downregulate adiponectin production. On the other hand, transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein α, and forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) upregulate adiponectin expression, although the activating transcription factor 3 and cAMP response element-binding protein downregulate it. Although a number of therapeutic drugs have been reported as adiponectin secretion regulators, most of them act through PPARγ-dependent mechanisms, leaving PPARγ-derived side effects as a concern. Using high-throughput screening, we have identified PPARγ-independent adiponectin secretion regulators as potential drug candidates with a novel mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyosuke Hino
- Genomic Science Laboratories, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co. Ltd., Konohana-Ku, Osaka, Japan.
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Bhonagiri P, Pattar GR, Habegger KM, McCarthy AM, Tackett L, Elmendorf JS. Evidence coupling increased hexosamine biosynthesis pathway activity to membrane cholesterol toxicity and cortical filamentous actin derangement contributing to cellular insulin resistance. Endocrinology 2011; 152:3373-84. [PMID: 21712361 PMCID: PMC3159786 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hyperinsulinemia is known to promote the progression/worsening of insulin resistance. Evidence reveals a hidden cost of hyperinsulinemia on plasma membrane (PM) phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP(2))-regulated filamentous actin (F-actin) structure, components critical to the normal operation of the insulin-regulated glucose transport system. Here we delineated whether increased glucose flux through the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) causes PIP(2)/F-actin dysregulation and subsequent insulin resistance. Increased glycosylation events were detected in 3T3-L1 adipocytes cultured under conditions closely resembling physiological hyperinsulinemia (5 nm insulin; 12 h) and in cells in which HBP activity was amplified by 2 mm glucosamine (GlcN). Both the physiological hyperinsulinemia and experimental GlcN challenge induced comparable losses of PIP(2) and F-actin. In addition to protecting against the insulin-induced membrane/cytoskeletal abnormality and insulin-resistant state, exogenous PIP(2) corrected the GlcN-induced insult on these parameters. Moreover, in accordance with HBP flux directly weakening PIP(2)/F-actin structure, pharmacological inhibition of the rate-limiting HBP enzyme [glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT)] restored PIP(2)-regulated F-actin structure and insulin responsiveness. Conversely, overexpression of GFAT was associated with a loss of detectable PM PIP(2) and insulin sensitivity. Even less invasive challenges with glucose, in the absence of insulin, also led to PIP(2)/F-actin dysregulation. Mechanistically we found that increased HBP activity increased PM cholesterol, the removal of which normalized PIP(2)/F-actin levels. Accordingly, these data suggest that glucose transporter-4 functionality, dependent on PIP(2) and/or F-actin status, can be critically compromised by inappropriate HBP activity. Furthermore, these data are consistent with the PM cholesterol accrual/toxicity as a mechanistic basis of the HBP-induced defects in PIP(2)/F-actin structure and impaired glucose transporter-4 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padma Bhonagiri
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
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Dahlman I, Arner P. Genetics of adipose tissue biology. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2011; 94:39-74. [PMID: 21036322 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-375003-7.00003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue morphology and release of free fatty acids, as well as peptide hormones, are believed to contribute to obesity and related metabolic disorders. These adipose tissue phenotypes are influenced by adiposity, but there is also a strong hereditary impact. Polymorphisms in numerous adipose-expressed genes have been evaluated for association with adipocyte and clinical phenotypes. In our opinion, some results are convincing. Thus ADRB2 and GPR74 genes are associated with adipocyte lipolysis, GPR74 also with BMI; PPARG and SREBP1, which promote adipogenesis and lipid storage, are associated with T2D and possible adiposity; ADIPOQ and ARL15 are associated with circulating levels of adiponectin, ARL15 also with coronary heart disease. We anticipate that the use of complementary approaches such as expression profiling and RNAi screening, and studies of additional levels of gene regulation, that is, miRNA and epigenetics, will be important to unravel the genetics of adipose tissue function.
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Slawik M, Vidal-Puig AJ. Adipose tissue expandability and the metabolic syndrome. GENES AND NUTRITION 2011; 2:41-5. [PMID: 18850138 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-007-0014-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Slawik
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Zhang Z, Gong RR, Du J, Xiao LY, Duan W, Zhou XD, Fang DZ. Associations of the SREBP-1c gene polymorphism with gender-specific changes in serum lipids induced by a high-carbohydrate diet in healthy Chinese youth. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2011; 36:226-32. [PMID: 21609284 DOI: 10.1139/h11-005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the possible association between the sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c gene (SREBP-1c) rs2297508 polymorphism and the changes in lipid profiles in a high-carbohydrate and low-fat (high-CHO/LF) diet in a Chinese population well characterized by a lower incidence of coronary heart disease and a diet featuring higher carbohydrate and lower fat. Fifty-six healthy youth (aged 22.89 ± 1.80 years) were given wash-out diets of 31% fat and 54% carbohydrate for 7 days, followed by the high-CHO/LF diet of 15% fat and 70% carbohydrate for 6 days, without total energy restriction. Fasting blood samples were collected. Serum variables of lipid and glucose metabolism after the wash-out and high-CHO/LF diets, as well as the rs2297508 polymorphism, were analyzed. Compared with the male subjects on the wash-out diet, significantly elevated levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and decreased levels of apolipoprotein B-100 were observed in the male carriers of the C allele after the high-CHO/LF diet. In the female subjects, significantly increased triacylglycerol levels, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were found in the GG genotype after the high-CHO/LF diet. These results suggest that the C allele of the rs2297508 polymorphism is associated with a retardation of the increases in serum triacylglycerol, serum insulin, and HOMA-IR in females and with the elevated serum HDL-C in males after the high-CHO/LF diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
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Beyond membrane channelopathies: alternative mechanisms underlying complex human disease. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2011; 32:798-804. [PMID: 21642948 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2011.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past fifteen years, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying human disease has flourished in large part due to the discovery of gene mutations linked with membrane ion channels and transporters. In fact, ion channel defects ("channelopathies" - the focus of this review series) have been associated with a spectrum of serious human disease phenotypes including cystic fibrosis, cardiac arrhythmia, diabetes, skeletal muscle defects, and neurological disorders. However, we now know that human disease, particularly excitable cell disease, may be caused by defects in non-ion channel polypeptides including in cellular components residing well beneath the plasma membrane. For example, over the past few years, a new class of potentially fatal cardiac arrhythmias has been linked with cytoplasmic proteins that include sub-membrane adapters such as ankyrin-B (ANK2), ankyrin-G (ANK3), and alpha-1 syntrophin, membrane coat proteins including caveolin-3 (CAV3), signaling platforms including yotiao (AKAP9), and cardiac enzymes (GPD1L). The focus of this review is to detail the exciting role of lamins, yet another class of gene products that have provided elegant new insight into human disease.
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