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Nabukalu D, Calazans JA, Marston M, Calvert C, Nakawooya H, Nansereko B, Sekubugu R, Nakigozi G, Serwadda D, Sewankambo N, Kigozi G, Gray RH, Nalugoda F, Makumbi F, Lutalo T, Todd J. Estimation of cause-specific mortality in Rakai, Uganda, using verbal autopsy 1999-2019. Glob Health Action 2024; 17:2338635. [PMID: 38717826 PMCID: PMC11080674 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2024.2338635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are scant data on the causes of adult deaths in sub-Saharan Africa. We estimated the level and trends in adult mortality, overall and by different causes, in rural Rakai, Uganda, by age, sex, and HIV status. OBJECTIVES To estimate and analyse adult cause-specific mortality trends in Rakai, Uganda. METHODOLOGY Mortality information by cause, age, sex, and HIV status was recorded in the Rakai Community Cohort study using verbal autopsy interviews, HIV serosurveys, and residency data. We estimated the average number of years lived in adulthood. Using demographic decomposition methods, we estimated the contribution of each cause of death to adult mortality based on the average number of years lived in adulthood. RESULTS Between 1999 and 2019, 63082 adults (15-60 years) were censused, with 1670 deaths registered. Of these, 1656 (99.2%) had completed cause of death data from verbal autopsy. The crude adult death rate was 5.60 (95% confidence interval (CI): 5.33-5.87) per 1000 person-years of observation (pyo). The crude death rate decreased from 11.41 (95% CI: 10.61-12.28) to 3.27 (95% CI: 2.89-3.68) per 1000 pyo between 1999-2004 and 2015-2019. The average number of years lived in adulthood increased in people living with HIV and decreased in HIV-negative individuals between 2000 and 2019. Communicable diseases, primarily HIV and Malaria, had the biggest decreases, which improved the average number of years lived by approximately extra 12 years of life in females and 6 years in males. There were increases in deaths due to non-communicable diseases and external causes, which reduced the average number of years lived in adulthood by 2.0 years and 1.5 years in females and males, respectively. CONCLUSION There has been a significant decline in overall mortality from 1999 to 2019, with the greatest decline seen in people living with HIV since the availability of antiretroviral therapy in 2004. By 2020, the predominant causes of death among females were non-communicable diseases, with external causes of death dominating in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorean Nabukalu
- Data management, Rakai Health Sciences Program, Rakai, Uganda
- Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Júlia Almeida Calazans
- Centre for Demographic Studies (CED), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Milly Marston
- Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Clara Calvert
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | - Robert Sekubugu
- Data management, Rakai Health Sciences Program, Rakai, Uganda
| | | | - David Serwadda
- Data management, Rakai Health Sciences Program, Rakai, Uganda
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Nelson Sewankambo
- Data management, Rakai Health Sciences Program, Rakai, Uganda
- College of Health Sciences, Makerere University School of Medicine, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Godfrey Kigozi
- Data management, Rakai Health Sciences Program, Rakai, Uganda
| | - Ronald H Gray
- Epidemiology and International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Fred Nalugoda
- Data management, Rakai Health Sciences Program, Rakai, Uganda
| | - Fredrick Makumbi
- Data management, Rakai Health Sciences Program, Rakai, Uganda
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Tom Lutalo
- Data management, Rakai Health Sciences Program, Rakai, Uganda
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jim Todd
- Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Prinsloo M, Mhlongo S, Roomaney RA, Marineau L, Mamashela TA, Dekel B, Bradshaw D, Martin LJ, Lombard C, Jewkes R, Abrahams N, Matzopoulos R. Injury mortality in South Africa: a 2009 and 2017 comparison to track progress to meeting sustainable development goal targets. Glob Health Action 2024; 17:2377828. [PMID: 39145429 PMCID: PMC11328790 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2024.2377828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injuries, often preventable, prompted urgent action within the United Nations' 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to improve global health. South Africa (SA) has high rates of injury mortality, but accurate reporting of official national data is hindered by death misclassification. OBJECTIVE Two nationally representative surveys for 2009 and 2017 are utilised to assess SA's progress towards SDG targets for violence and road traffic injuries, alongside changes in suicide and under-5 mortality rates for childhood injuries, and compare these estimates with those of the Global Burden of Disease for SA. METHODS The surveys utilised multi-stage, stratified cluster sampling from eight provinces, with mortuaries as primary sampling units. Post-mortem files for non-natural deaths were reviewed, with additional data from the Western Cape. Age-standardised rates, 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated for manner of death rate comparisons and for age groups. RESULTS The all-injury age-standardised mortality rate decreased significantly between 2009 and 2017. Homicide and transport remained the leading causes of injury deaths, with a significant 31% decrease in road traffic mortality (IRR = 0.69), from 36.1 to 25.0 per 100 000 population. CONCLUSIONS Despite a reduction in SA's road traffic mortality rate, challenges to achieve targets related to young and novice drivers and male homicide persist. Achieving SA's injury mortality SDG targets requires comprehensive evaluations of programmes addressing road safety, violence reduction, and mental well-being. In the absence of reliable routine data, survey data allow to accurately assess the country's SDG progress through commitment to evidence-based policymaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Prinsloo
- Burden of Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Public Health Medicine, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute for Lifecourse Development, Faculty of Education, Health & Human Sciences, University of Greenwich, Park Row, UK
| | - Shibe Mhlongo
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rifqah A Roomaney
- Burden of Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lea Marineau
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Thakadu A Mamashela
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Limpopo, Limpopo, South Africa
| | - Bianca Dekel
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Debbie Bradshaw
- Burden of Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lorna J Martin
- Division of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Carl Lombard
- Biostatistics Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rachel Jewkes
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Office of the Executive Scientist, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Naeemah Abrahams
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Social and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Richard Matzopoulos
- Burden of Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Public Health Medicine, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Gao Y, Li C, Tong M, Hu Y, Li Y. Characterization of psoriasis patients in special body areas: real-world evidence from the Chinese Psoriasis Standardized Diagnosis and Treatment Center. J DERMATOL TREAT 2024; 35:2337264. [PMID: 38991550 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2024.2337264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While extensive research has provided a wealth of information on psoriasis in general, there remains a critical gap in understanding the unique characteristics of psoriasis in special body areas, such as the scalp, nails, palms, and genitals. OBJECTIVE To investigate the characterization and treatment of psoriasis patients in special body areas. METHODS The study was a retrospective analysis of patients with psoriasis enrolled in the Psoriasis Standardized Diagnosis and Treatment Center Project between January 2020 and September 2021. RESULTS The study encompassed 346 patients, 81% of them had psoriasis in at least two special body areas, with the nails as the most common area. Patients with genital psoriasis reported higher Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) scores. A higher propensity for scalp and palmoplantar psoriasis was noted in patients with genital psoriasis. The proportion of patients treated with biologics rose, as the number of specific areas involved increased. CONCLUSIONS Patients with genital psoriasis are more likely to have scalp and palmoplantar psoriasis. This study highlights the significant escalation in the proportion of biologics when the involvement of special body areas was ≥2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuge Gao
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Meng Tong
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yizhou Hu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yuzhen Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Holbert S, Barilleau E, Yan J, Trotereau J, Koczerka M, Charton M, Le Vern Y, Pichon J, Grassl GA, Velge P, Wiedemann A. The Salmonella virulence protein PagN contributes to the advent of a hyper-replicating cytosolic bacterial population. Virulence 2024; 15:2357670. [PMID: 38804638 PMCID: PMC11135831 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2357670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhimurium is an intracellular pathogen that invades and colonizes the intestinal epithelium. Following bacterial invasion, Salmonella is enclosed within a membrane-bound vacuole known as a Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV). However, a subset of Salmonella has the capability to prematurely rupture the SCV and escape, resulting in Salmonella hyper-replication within the cytosol of epithelial cells. A recently published RNA-seq study provides an overview of cytosolic and vacuolar upregulated genes and highlights pagN vacuolar upregulation. Here, using transcription kinetics, protein production profile, and immunofluorescence microscopy, we showed that PagN is exclusively produced by Salmonella in SCV. Gentamicin protection and chloroquine resistance assays were performed to demonstrate that deletion of pagN affects Salmonella replication by affecting the cytosolic bacterial population. This study presents the first example of a Salmonella virulence factor expressed within the endocytic compartment, which has a significant impact on the dynamics of Salmonella cytosolic hyper-replication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jin Yan
- IRSD - Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, ENVT, INRAE, INSERM, Université́ de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, China
| | | | | | - Mégane Charton
- INRAE, Université de Tours, ISP, Nouzilly, France
- Service biologie vétérinaire et santé animale, Inovalys, Angers, France
| | - Yves Le Vern
- INRAE, Université de Tours, ISP, Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Guntram A. Grassl
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Agnès Wiedemann
- INRAE, Université de Tours, ISP, Nouzilly, France
- IRSD - Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, ENVT, INRAE, INSERM, Université́ de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France
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Lv Z, Wang J, Gu M, Zhou L, Shen S, Huang C. Association between the triglyceride glucose index and short-term mortality in septic patients with or without obesity: a retrospective cohort study. Adipocyte 2024; 13:2379867. [PMID: 39011965 PMCID: PMC11253880 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2024.2379867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a significant contributor to both intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and mortality among patients in ICU, with a rising prevalence of obesity. There is a lack of extensive research on the correlation between TyGI and findings in patients with sepsis, especially in obese patients. METHODS This study used a retrospective cohort design and included patients with sepsis (≥18 years) from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database. The association between TyGI and outcome was examined using multivariable logistic regression analysis. RESULTS 8,840 patients with sepsis were included in the analysis. The in-ICU mortality rate was 9.7%. Non-survivors exhibited significantly greater TyGI levels than survivors [9.19(8.76-9.71) vs. 9.10(8.67-9.54), p < 0.001]. The adjusted multivariate regression model showed that elevated TyGI values were linked to a greater likelihood of death in ICU (odds ratio [OR] range 1.072-1.793, p < 0.001) and hospital (OR range 1.068-1.445, p = 0.005). Restricted Cubic Spline analysis revealed a nonlinear association between TyGI and in-ICU and in-hospital mortality risks within specified ranges. Subgroup analysis revealed interaction effects in the general obesity, abdominal obesity, and impaired fasting glucose subgroups (p = 0.014, 0.016, and < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION TyGI was associated with an increased sepsis-related short-term mortality risk and adverse outcomes after ICU admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Juntao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Minglu Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liuyan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Saie Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunmei Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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White DR, Palmieri PA. There is 'no cure for caregiving': the experience of women caring for husbands living with Parkinson's disease. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2024; 19:2341989. [PMID: 38657183 PMCID: PMC11044767 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2024.2341989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. The majority of the nearly 9 million people living with Parkinson's disease are men. As such, caregiving is often assumed by wives as the disease progresses. However, there is little research about the lived experience of wives as they transition to caregivers. OBJECTIVE To describe the lived experience of wife caregivers of male spouses living at home with Parkinson's disease. METHODS A descriptive phenomenological study. Semi-structured interviews were recorded and transcribed for analysis in Atlas.ti using Colaizzi's method. RESULTS Thirteen women, aged 50 to 83 years, were interviewed. Five themes emerged from the analysis, (1) caregiver who? (2) taking it day by day, (3) not sure what to do next, (4) just too much, and (5) caring is your soul's growth, to support the central theme "there is no cure for caregiving." CONCLUSION Transitioning from wife to caregiver was a gradual but difficult process. Although the wife caregivers wanted to be part of the health care team, they remained outsiders. Clinicians need to recognize the wives as care coordinators linking medical management with home care. Policy makers need to develop reimbursement models that provide wife caregivers with support groups, education programs, and telemental health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn R. White
- College of Graduate Health Studies, A. T. Still University, Kirksville, MO, USA
- Benerd College, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA
- South American Center for Qualitative Research, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
- EBHC South America: A JBI Affiliated Group, Escuela Posgrado, Universidad Nortbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
| | - Patrick A. Palmieri
- College of Graduate Health Studies, A. T. Still University, Kirksville, MO, USA
- South American Center for Qualitative Research, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Excelsior University, Albany, NY, USA
- EBHC South America: A JBI Affiliated Group, Escuela Posgrado, Universidad Nortbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
- Center for Global Nursing, Texas Woman’s University, Houston, TX, USA
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Wang Y, Wang M, Liu C, Hao M, Wang W, Li Y, Shi J, Jia X, Zhang X, Dang S. Global burden of liver cirrhosis 1990-2019 and 20 years forecast: results from the global burden of disease study 2019. Ann Med 2024; 56:2328521. [PMID: 38727511 PMCID: PMC11089929 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2328521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cirrhosis is a disease that imposes a heavy burden worldwide, but its incidence varies widely by region. Therefore, we analysed data on the incidence and mortality of cirrhosis in 204 countries and territories from 1990-2019 and projected the disease development from 2019-2039. METHODS Data on the incidence and mortality of liver cirrhosis from 1990 to 2019 were acquired from the public Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. In addition, the average annual percentage change (AAPC) and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) of the age-standardized rate (ASR) of cirrhosis in different regions were calculated. The estimates of risk factor exposure were summarized, and the proportion of causes and risk factors of liver cirrhosis and their relationship with the human development index (HDI) and socio-demographic index (SDI) were analysed. Trends in the incidence of cirrhosis in 2019-2039 were predicted using Nordpred and BAPC models. RESULTS Globally, the ASR of cirrhosis incidence decreased by 0.05% per year from 25.7/100,000 in 1990 to 25.3/100,000 in 2019. The mortality risk associated with cirrhosis is notably lower in females than in males (13 per 100,000 vs 25 per 100,000). The leading cause of cirrhosis shifted from hepatitis B to C. Globally, alcohol use increased by 14%. In line, alcohol use contributed to 49.3% of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and 48.4% of global deaths from liver cirrhosis. Countries with a low ASR in 1990 experienced a faster increase in cirrhosis, whereas in 2019, the opposite was observed. In countries with high SDI, the ASR of cirrhosis is generally lower. Finally, projections indicate that the number and incidence of cirrhosis will persistently rise from 2019-2039. CONCLUSIONS Cirrhosis poses an increasing health burden. Given the changing etiology, there is an imperative to strengthen the prevention of hepatitis C and alcohol consumption, to achieve early reduce the incidence of cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikai Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Muqi Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenrui Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Miao Hao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaping Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juanjuan Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoli Jia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuangsuo Dang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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Kavlie TL, Kildahl HA, Dalen H, Nordhaug DO, Slagsvold KH, Grenne BL, Holte E. Five-year outcomes of mitral valve repair for leaflet prolapse at a medium-sized Norwegian university hospital. SCAND CARDIOVASC J 2024; 58:2379336. [PMID: 39049811 DOI: 10.1080/14017431.2024.2379336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Objective. To evaluate patient characteristics and 5-year outcomes after surgical mitral valve (MV) repair for leaflet prolapse at a medium-sized cardiothoracic center. Background. Contemporary reports on the outcome of MV repair at medium-sized cardiothoracic centers are sparse. Methods. Patients receiving open-heart surgery with MV repair due to primary mitral regurgitation caused by leaflet prolapse between 2015 and 2021, without active endocarditis, were included. Clinical data, complications, re-interventions, mortality, and echocardiographic data were retrospectively registered from electronical patient charts, both pre-operatively and from post-operative follow-ups. Results. One hundred and three patients were included, 83% male, with a mean age of 62 years. All-cause mortality was 9% during a median follow-up time of 4.9 years. Re-intervention rate on the MV was 4%. Post-operative complications before last available follow-up visit at median 3.0 years were infrequent, with new-onset atrial fibrillation/flutter in 16%, post-operative MV regurgitation grade II or above in 17% and post-operative tricuspid regurgitation grade II or above in 14%. Conclusions. These data demonstrate that surgical MV repair for leaflet prolapse at a medium-sized cardiothoracic center was associated with low re-intervention rate and few severe complications. The presented results are comparable to data from surgical high-volume centers, indicating that surgical MV repair can be safely performed at selected medium-sized cardiothoracic centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trym Løvseth Kavlie
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Henrik Agerup Kildahl
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Thoracic Surgery, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Håvard Dalen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Cardiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Dag Ole Nordhaug
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Thoracic Surgery, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Katrine Hordnes Slagsvold
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Thoracic Surgery, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørnar Leangen Grenne
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Cardiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Espen Holte
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Cardiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Wang S, Zhang Y, Qi D, Wang X, Zhu Z, Yang W, Li M, Hu D, Gao C. Age shock index and age-modified shock index are valuable bedside prognostic tools for postdischarge mortality in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients. Ann Med 2024; 56:2311854. [PMID: 38325361 PMCID: PMC10851812 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2311854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of mortality is considerable after ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) hospitalization; risk assessment is needed to guide postdischarge management. Age shock index (SI) and age modified shock index (MSI) were described as useful prognosis instruments; nevertheless, their predictive effect on short and long-term postdischarge mortality has not yet been sufficiently confirmed. METHODS This analysis included 3389 prospective patients enrolled from 2016 to 2018. Endpoints were postdischarge mortality within 30 days and from 30 days to 1 year. Hazard ratios (HRs) were evaluated by Cox proportional-hazards regression. Predictive performances were assessed by area under the curve (AUC), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), net reclassification improvement (NRI) and decision curve analysis (DCA) and compared with TIMI risk score and GRACE score. RESULTS The AUCs were 0.753, 0.746 for age SI and 0.755, 0.755 for age MSI for short- and long-term postdischarge mortality. No significant AUC differences and NRI were observed compared with the classic scores; decreased IDI was observed especially for long-term postdischarge mortality. Multivariate analysis revealed significantly higher short- and long-term postdischarge mortality for patients with high age SI (HR: 5.44 (2.73-10.85), 5.34(3.18-8.96)), high age MSI (HR: 4.17(1.78-9.79), 5.75(3.20-10.31)) compared to counterparts with low indices. DCA observed comparable clinical usefulness for predicting short-term postdischarge mortality. Furthermore, age SI and age MSI were not significantly associated with postdischarge prognosis for patients who received fibrinolysis. CONCLUSIONS Age SI and age MSI were valuable instruments to identify high postdischarge mortality with comparable predictive ability compared with the classic scores, especially for events within 30 days after hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center of Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Institute of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Lab for Prevention and Control of Coronary Heart Disease, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - You Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center of Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Institute of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Lab for Prevention and Control of Coronary Heart Disease, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Datun Qi
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center of Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Lab for Prevention and Control of Coronary Heart Disease, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xianpei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center of Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Lab for Prevention and Control of Coronary Heart Disease, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhongyu Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center of Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Lab for Prevention and Control of Coronary Heart Disease, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center of Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Lab for Prevention and Control of Coronary Heart Disease, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Muwei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center of Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Lab for Prevention and Control of Coronary Heart Disease, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dayi Hu
- Henan Institute of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanyu Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center of Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Institute of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Lab for Prevention and Control of Coronary Heart Disease, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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10
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Xu Y, Wang J, Qin X, Liu J. Advances in the pathogenesis and treatment of pneumococcal meningitis. Virulence 2024; 15:2387180. [PMID: 39192572 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2387180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common pathogen associated with community-acquired bacterial meningitis, characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates. While vaccination reduces the incidence of meningitis, many survivors experience severe brain damage and corresponding sequelae. The pathogenesis of pneumococcal meningitis has not been fully elucidated. Currently, meningitis requires bacterial disruption of the blood - brain barrier, a process that involves the interaction of bacterial surface components with host cells and various inflammatory responses. This review delineates the global prevalence, pathogenesis, and treatment strategies of pneumococcal meningitis. The objective is to enhance the thorough comprehension of the clinical manifestations and biological mechanisms of the disease, thereby enabling more efficient prevention, diagnosis, and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaosong Qin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang, China
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11
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Schwartzman JD, McCall M, Ghattas Y, Pugazhendhi AS, Wei F, Ngo C, Ruiz J, Seal S, Coathup MJ. Multifunctional scaffolds for bone repair following age-related biological decline: Promising prospects for smart biomaterial-driven technologies. Biomaterials 2024; 311:122683. [PMID: 38954959 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The repair of large bone defects due to trauma, disease, and infection can be exceptionally challenging in the elderly. Despite best clinical practice, bone regeneration within contemporary, surgically implanted synthetic scaffolds is often problematic, inconsistent, and insufficient where additional osteobiological support is required to restore bone. Emergent smart multifunctional biomaterials may drive important and dynamic cellular crosstalk that directly targets, signals, stimulates, and promotes an innate bone repair response following age-related biological decline and when in the presence of disease or infection. However, their role remains largely undetermined. By highlighting their mechanism/s and mode/s of action, this review spotlights smart technologies that favorably align in their conceivable ability to directly target and enhance bone repair and thus are highly promising for future discovery for use in the elderly. The four degrees of interactive scaffold smartness are presented, with a focus on bioactive, bioresponsive, and the yet-to-be-developed autonomous scaffold activity. Further, cell- and biomolecular-assisted approaches were excluded, allowing for contemporary examination of the capabilities, demands, vision, and future requisites of next-generation biomaterial-induced technologies only. Data strongly supports that smart scaffolds hold significant promise in the promotion of bone repair in patients with a reduced osteobiological response. Importantly, many techniques have yet to be tested in preclinical models of aging. Thus, greater clarity on their proficiency to counteract the many unresolved challenges within the scope of aging bone is highly warranted and is arguably the next frontier in the field. This review demonstrates that the use of multifunctional smart synthetic scaffolds with an engineered strategy to circumvent the biological insufficiencies associated with aging bone is a viable route for achieving next-generation therapeutic success in the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Max McCall
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Yasmine Ghattas
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Abinaya Sindu Pugazhendhi
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA; Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Fei Wei
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA; Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Christopher Ngo
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA; Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan Ruiz
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Sudipta Seal
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA; Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA; Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Centre, Nanoscience Technology Center (NSTC), Materials Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, USA, Orlando, FL
| | - Melanie J Coathup
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA; Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
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12
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da Silva Rodrigues G, Yumi Noronha N, Ribeiro de Lima JG, Harumi Yonehara Noma I, Crystine da Silva Sobrinho A, Maria Diani L, Pinto AP, Pereira Rodrigues K, Augusta de Souza Pinhel M, Barbosa Nonino C, Moriguchi Watanabe L, Roberto Bueno Júnior C. Combined exercise training decreases blood pressure in OLDER women with NOS3 polymorphism providing changes in differentially methylated regions (DMRs). Epigenetics 2024; 19:2375030. [PMID: 38967279 PMCID: PMC11229753 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2024.2375030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which the ageing process is associated to an unhealthy lifestyle and how they play an essential role in the aetiology of systemic arterial hypertension have not yet been completely elucidated. Our objective is to investigate the influence of NOS3 polymorphisms [-786T > C and (Glu298Asp)] on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) response, differentially methylated regions (DMRs), and physical fitness of adult and older women after a 14-week combined training intervention. The combined training was carried out for 14 weeks, performed 3 times a week, totalling 180 minutes weekly. The genotyping experiment used Illumina Infinium Global Screening Array version 2.0 (GSA V2.0) and Illumina's EPIC Infinium Methylation BeadChip. The participants were separated into SNP rs2070744 in TT (59.7 ± 6.2 years) and TC + CC (60.0 ± 5.2 years), and SNP rs17999 in GluGlu (58.8 ± 5.7 years) and GluAsp + AspAsp (61.6 ± 4.9 years). We observed an effect of time for variables BP, physical capacities, and cholesterol. DMRs related to SBP and DBP were identified for the rs2070744 and rs17999 groups pre- and decreased numbers of DMRs post-training. When we analysed the effect of exercise training in pre- and post-comparisons, the GluGlu SNP (rs17999) showed 10 DMRs, and after enrichment, we identified several biological biases. The combined training improved the SBP and DBP values of the participants regardless of the SNPs. In addition, exercise training affected DNA methylation differently between the groups of NOS3 polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia Yumi Noronha
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Isabela Harumi Yonehara Noma
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Luísa Maria Diani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana P. Pinto
- School of Physical Education of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Karine Pereira Rodrigues
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Carlos Roberto Bueno Júnior
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Physical Education of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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13
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Zhuang Q, Liu J, Liu W, Ye X, Chai X, Sun S, Feng C, Li L. Development and validation of risk prediction model for adverse outcomes in trauma patients. Ann Med 2024; 56:2391018. [PMID: 39155796 PMCID: PMC11334749 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2391018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis of trauma patients is highly dependent on early medical diagnosis. By constructing a nomogram model, the risk of adverse outcomes can be displayed intuitively and individually, which has important clinical implications for medical diagnosis. OBJECTIVE To develop and evaluate models for predicting patients with adverse outcomes of trauma that can be used in different data availability settings in China. METHODS This was a retrospective prognostic study using data from 8 public tertiary hospitals in China from 2018. The data were randomly divided into a development set and a validation set. Simple, improved and extended models predicting adverse outcomes were developed, with adverse outcomes defined as in-hospital death or ICU transfer, and patient clinical characteristics, vital signs, diagnoses, and laboratory test values as predictors. The results of the models were presented in the form of nomograms, and performance was evaluated using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC), precision-recall (PR) curves (PR-AUC), Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS Our final dataset consisted of 18,629 patients (40.2% female, mean age of 52.3), 1,089 (5.85%) of whom resulted in adverse outcomes. In the external validation set, three models achieved ROC-AUC of 0.872, 0.881, and 0.903, and a PR-AUC of 0.339, 0.337, and 0.403, respectively. In terms of the calibration curves and DCA, the models also performed well. CONCLUSIONS This prognostic study found that three prediction models and nomograms including the patient clinical characteristics, vital signs, diagnoses, and laboratory test values can support clinicians in more accurately identifying patients who are at risk of adverse outcomes in different settings based on data availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhuang
- Department of Innovative Medical Research, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianchao Liu
- Department of Innovative Medical Research, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Innovative Medical Research, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofei Ye
- Department of Health Statistics, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Chai
- Outpatient Department, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Songmei Sun
- The Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Feng
- Department of Emergency, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Innovative Medical Research, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
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14
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Ghovanloo MR, Tyagi S, Zhao P, Effraim PR, Dib-Hajj SD, Waxman SG. Sodium currents in naïve mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons: No major differences between sexes. Channels (Austin) 2024; 18:2289256. [PMID: 38055732 PMCID: PMC10761158 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2023.2289256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism has been reported in multiple pre-clinical and clinical studies on pain. Previous investigations have suggested that in at least some states, rodent dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons display differential sex-dependent regulation and expression patterns of various proteins involved in the pain pathway. Our goal in this study was to determine whether sexual dimorphism in the biophysical properties of voltage-gated sodium (Nav) currents contributes to these observations in rodents. We recently developed a novel method that enables high-throughput, unbiased, and automated functional analysis of native rodent sensory neurons from naïve WT mice profiled simultaneously under uniform experimental conditions. In our previous study, we performed all experiments in neurons that were obtained from mixed populations of adult males or females, which were combined into single (combined male/female) data sets. Here, we have re-analyzed the same previously published data and segregated the cells based on sex. Although the number of cells in our previously published data sets were uneven for some comparisons, our results do not show sex-dependent differences in the biophysical properties of Nav currents in these native DRG neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Reza Ghovanloo
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Neuroscience & Regeneration Research, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Neuro-Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sidharth Tyagi
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Neuroscience & Regeneration Research, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Neuro-Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Neuroscience & Regeneration Research, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Neuro-Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Philip R. Effraim
- Center for Neuroscience & Regeneration Research, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Neuro-Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sulayman D. Dib-Hajj
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Neuroscience & Regeneration Research, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Neuro-Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stephen G. Waxman
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Neuroscience & Regeneration Research, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Neuro-Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
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15
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Zhou Z, Li M, Zhang Z, Song Z, Xu J, Zhang M, Gong M. Overview of Panax ginseng and its active ingredients protective mechanism on cardiovascular diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 334:118506. [PMID: 38964625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
ETHNIC PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Panax ginseng is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine used to treat cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and it is still widely used to improve the clinical symptoms of various CVDs. However, there is currently a lack of summary and analysis on the mechanism of Panax ginseng exerts its cardiovascular protective effects. This article provides a review of in vivo and in vitro pharmacological studies on Panax ginseng and its active ingredients in reducing CVDs damage. AIM OF THIS REVIEW This review summarized the latest literature on Panax ginseng and its active ingredients in CVDs research, aiming to have a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the cardiovascular protection mechanism of Panax ginseng, and to provide new ideas for the treatment of CVDs, as well as to optimize the clinical application of Panax ginseng. METHODS Enrichment of pathways and biological terms using the traditional Chinese medicine molecular mechanism bioinformatics analysis tool (BATMAN-TCM). The literature search is based on electronic databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, CNKI, with a search period of 2002-2023. The search terms include Panax ginseng, Panax ginseng ingredients, ginsenosides, ginseng polysaccharides, ginseng glycoproteins, ginseng volatile oil, CVDs, heart, and cardiac. RESULTS 132 articles were ultimately included in the review. The ingredients in Panax ginseng that manifested cardiovascular protective effects are mainly ginsenosides (especially ginsenoside Rb1). Ginsenosides protected against CVDs such as ischemic reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis and heart failure mainly through improving energy metabolism, inhibiting hyper-autophagy, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and promoting secretion of exosomes. CONCLUSION Panax ginseng and its active ingredients have a particularly prominent effect on improving myocardial energy metabolism remodeling in protecting against CVDs. The AMPK and PPAR signaling pathways are the key targets through which Panax ginseng produces multiple mechanisms of cardiovascular protection. Extracellular vesicles and nanoparticles as carriers are potential delivery ways for optimizing the bioavailability of Panax ginseng and its active ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Meijing Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zekuan Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zhimin Song
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Minyu Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Muxin Gong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, 100069, China.
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16
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Liao Q, Zhu M, Wu L, Wang D, Wang Z, Zhang S, Cao W, Pan X, Li J, Tang X, Xin J, Sun Y, Zhu J, Wang Z. Probing the capacity of a spatiotemporal deep learning model for short-term PM 2.5 forecasts in a coastal urban area. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175233. [PMID: 39102955 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Accurate forecast of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is crucial for city air pollution control, yet remains challenging due to the complex urban atmospheric chemical and physical processes. Recently deep learning has been routinely applied for better urban PM2.5 forecasts. However, their capacity to represent the spatiotemporal urban atmospheric processes remains underexplored, especially compared with traditional approaches such as chemistry-transport models (CTMs) and shallow statistical methods other than deep learning. Here we probe such urban-scale representation capacity of a spatiotemporal deep learning (STDL) model for 24-hour short-term PM2.5 forecasts at six urban stations in Rizhao, a coastal city in China. Compared with two operational CTMs and three statistical models, the STDL model shows its superiority with improvements in all five evaluation metrics, notably in root mean square error (RMSE) for forecasts at lead times within 12 h with reductions of 49.8 % and 47.8 % respectively. This demonstrates the STDL model's capacity to represent nonlinear small-scale phenomena such as street-level emissions and urban meteorology that are in general not well represented in either CTMs or shallow statistical models. This gain of small-scale representation in forecast performance decreases at increasing lead times, leading to similar RMSEs to the statistical methods (linear shallow representations) at about 12 h and to the CTMs (mesoscale representations) at 24 h. The STDL model performs especially well in winter, when complex urban physical and chemical processes dominate the frequent severe air pollution, and in moisture conditions fostering hygroscopic growth of particles. The DL-based PM2.5 forecasts align with observed trends under various humidity and wind conditions. Such investigation into the potential and limitations of deep learning representation for urban PM2.5 forecasting could hopefully inspire further fusion of distinct representations from CTMs and deep networks to break the conventional limits of short-term PM2.5 forecasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liao
- College of Electronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Mingming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Lin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; Carbon Neutrality Research Center (CNRC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zixi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Si Zhang
- Carbon Neutrality Research Center (CNRC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wudi Cao
- Carbon Neutrality Research Center (CNRC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaole Pan
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jinyuan Xin
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yele Sun
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; International Center for Climate and Environment Science (ICCES), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zifa Wang
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
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17
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Roystonn K, Koh YS, Shafie S, Sambasivam R, Vaingankar JA, Chong SA, Subramaniam M. Understanding Major Depressive Disorder in Singapore: Insights from the second Singapore Mental Health Study (SMHS 2016). J Affect Disord 2024; 364:295-304. [PMID: 39142576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) poses significant public health challenges globally and in Southeast Asia, with substantial impairment and disease burden. Understanding its prevalence and associated risk factors is crucial for effective intervention. METHODS This study aims to describe the prevalence shifts, correlates, and comorbidities of MDD in Singapore. Data were collected from the second Singapore Mental Health Study (SMHS 2016), a national cross-sectional survey comprising 6126 adult residents. The WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview assessed MDD and comorbidities. Statistical analyses, including logistic regression, were conducted to examine the associations and trends. RESULTS The lifetime weighted prevalence of MDD in SMHS 2016 was 6.2 %, with an overall increase from 5.8 % in 2010. Significant associations were found between MDD and age, marital status, and comorbid physical disorders. Young adults and divorced/separated individuals exhibited higher MDD prevalence. Chronic pain was significantly associated with MDD. LIMITATIONS The study's cross-sectional design limits causal inference, and selective non-response might affect prevalence estimates. However, the study benefits from a large, nationally representative sample and standardized methodologies. CONCLUSIONS Young and middle-aged adults, and divorced/separated individuals demonstrate elevated MDD prevalence, warranting targeted interventions. Individuals with comorbidities, particularly chronic pain, constitute a high-risk and vulnerable population. Comprehensive assessment and treatment plans should involve multidisciplinary teams and integrated care approaches to better address the complex needs of these individuals. Our study also highlights specific interventions for schools, families, communities, and workplaces. Despite Singapore's relatively low prevalence compared to Western nations, MDD remains cross-culturally valid emphasizing the need for early intervention and preventive public health measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yen Sin Koh
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | - Saleha Shafie
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | | | | | - Siow Ann Chong
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | - Mythily Subramaniam
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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18
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Acero-Castillo MC, Correia MBM, Caixeta FV, Motta V, Barros M, Maior RS. Is the antidepressant effect of ketamine separate from its psychotomimetic effect? A review of rodent models. Neuropharmacology 2024; 258:110088. [PMID: 39032814 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Ketamine is an NMDA (N-methyl-d-aspartate) glutamate receptor antagonist, which has a myriad of dose-dependent pharmacological and behavioral effects, including anesthetic, sedative, amnestic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Intriguingly, ketamine at subanesthetic doses displays a relevant profile both in mimicking symptoms of schizophrenia and also as the first fast-acting treatment for depression. Here, we present an overview of the state-of-the-art knowledge about ketamine as an antidepressant as well as a pharmacological model of schizophrenia in animal models and human participants. Ketamine's dual effect appears to arise from its mechanism of action involving NMDA receptors, with both immediate and downstream consequences being triggered as a result. Finally, we discuss the feasibility of a unified approach linking the glutamatergic hypothesis of schizophrenia to the promising preclinical and clinical success of ketamine in the treatment of refractory depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Acero-Castillo
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Metabolism, and Behavior, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, ZIP 70910-900, Brasilia-DF, Brazil
| | - M B M Correia
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Metabolism, and Behavior, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, ZIP 70910-900, Brasilia-DF, Brazil; Department of Anthropology, Emory University, Atlanta GA, ZIP 30322, USA
| | - F V Caixeta
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Metabolism, and Behavior, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, ZIP 70910-900, Brasilia-DF, Brazil
| | - V Motta
- Department of Basic Psychological Processes, Institute of Psychology, University of Brasilia, ZIP 70910-900, Brasilia-DF, Brazil
| | - M Barros
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, ZIP 70910-900, Brasilia-DF, Brazil
| | - R S Maior
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Metabolism, and Behavior, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, ZIP 70910-900, Brasilia-DF, Brazil.
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Zhao R, Han F, Yu Q, Zhu Z, Tu Z, Xia T, Li B. A multifunctional scaffold that promotes the scaffold-tissue interface integration and rescues the ROS microenvironment for repair of annulus fibrosus defects. Bioact Mater 2024; 41:257-270. [PMID: 39149595 PMCID: PMC11325007 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to the limited self-repair ability of the annulus fibrosus (AF), current tissue engineering strategies tend to use structurally biomimetic scaffolds for AF defect repair. However, the poor integration between implanted scaffolds and tissue severely affects their therapeutic effects. To solve this issue, we prepared a multifunctional scaffold containing loaded lysyl oxidase (LOX) plasmid DNA exosomes and manganese dioxide nanoparticles (MnO2 NPs). LOX facilitates extracellular matrix (ECM) cross-linking, while MnO2 NPs inhibit excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced ECM degradation at the injury site, enhancing the crosslinking effect of LOX. Our results revealed that this multifunctional scaffold significantly facilitated the integration between the scaffold and AF tissue. Cells were able to migrate into the scaffold, indicating that the scaffold was not encapsulated as a foreign body by fibrous tissue. The functional scaffold was closely integrated with the tissue, effectively enhancing the mechanical properties, and preventing vascular invasion, which emphasized the importance of scaffold-tissue integration in AF repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runze Zhao
- Medical 3D Printing Center, Orthopedic Institute, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China
- Center of Translational Medicine and Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital to Soochow University, Suzhou, 215028, China
| | - Feng Han
- Medical 3D Printing Center, Orthopedic Institute, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Qifan Yu
- Medical 3D Printing Center, Orthopedic Institute, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China
| | - Zhuang Zhu
- Medical 3D Printing Center, Orthopedic Institute, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China
| | - Zhengdong Tu
- Medical 3D Printing Center, Orthopedic Institute, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China
- Second Department of Orthopaedics, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School, Suzhou, 215127, China
| | - Tingting Xia
- Institute of Clinical Medicine Research, Suzhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Suzhou, 215153, China
| | - Bin Li
- Medical 3D Printing Center, Orthopedic Institute, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China
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20
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Kirwa K, Gassett AJ, Sack C, Paulin LM, Pirozzi CS, Barr RG, Woodruff PG, Han M, Wilgus ML, Barjaktarevic I, Peters S, Hansel NN, Kaufman JD. Estimating ambient air pollutant concentrations outside and inside homes in the Subpopulations and Intermediate outcomes in COPD air pollution (SPIROMICS air) cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 259:119512. [PMID: 38964581 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Valid, high-resolution estimates of population-level exposure to air pollutants are necessary for accurate estimation of the association between air pollution and the occurrence or exacerbation of adverse health outcomes such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). OBJECTIVES We produced fine-scale individual-level estimates of ambient concentrations of multiple air pollutants (fine particulate matter [PM2.5], NOX, NO2, and O3) at residences of participants in the Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcomes in COPD Air Pollution (SPIROMICS Air) study, located in seven regions in the US. For PM2.5, we additionally integrated modeled estimates of particulate infiltration based on home characteristics and measured total indoor concentrations to provide comprehensive estimates of exposure levels. METHODS To estimate ambient concentrations, we used a hierarchical high-resolution spatiotemporal model that integrates hundreds of geographic covariates and pollutant measurements from regulatory and study-specific monitors, including ones located at participant residences. We modeled infiltration efficiency based on data on house characteristics, home heating and cooling practices, indoor smoke and combustion sources, meteorological factors, and paired indoor-outdoor pollutant measurements, among other indicators. RESULTS Cross-validated prediction accuracy (R2) for models of ambient concentrations was above 0.80 for most regions and pollutants. Particulate matter infiltration efficiency varied by region, from 0.51 in Winston-Salem to 0.72 in Los Angeles, and ambient-source particles constituted a substantial fraction of total indoor PM2.5. CONCLUSION Leveraging well-validated fine-scale approaches for estimating outdoor, ambient-source indoor, and total indoor pollutant concentrations, we can provide comprehensive estimates of short and long-term exposure levels for cohorts undergoing follow-up in multiple different regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kipruto Kirwa
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Amanda J Gassett
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Coralynn Sack
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Laura M Paulin
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Cheryl S Pirozzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - R Graham Barr
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - MeiLan Han
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - May-Lin Wilgus
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Igor Barjaktarevic
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephen Peters
- Department of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nadia N Hansel
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Epidemiology, and Medicine, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
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Müller S, Lieb K, Streit F, Awasthi S, Wagner S, Frank J, Müller MB, Tadic A, Heilmann-Heimbach S, Hoffmann P, Mavarani L, Schmidt B, Rietschel M, Witt SH, Zillich L, Engelmann J. Common polygenic variation in the early medication change (EMC) cohort affects disorder risk, but not the antidepressant treatment response. J Affect Disord 2024; 363:542-551. [PMID: 39038621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the great interest in identifying reliable predictors of the response to antidepressant drugs, the present study investigated whether polygenic scores (PGS) for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and antidepressant treatment response (ADR) were related to the complex trait of antidepressant response in the Early Medication Change (EMC) cohort. METHODS In this secondary analysis of the EMC trial (N = 889), 481 MDD patients were included and compared to controls from a population-based cohort. Patients were treated over eight weeks within a pre-defined treatment-algorithm. We investigated patients' genetic variation associated with MDD and ADR, using PGS and examined the association of PGS with treatment outcomes (early improvement, response, remission). Additionally, the influence of two cytochrome P450 drug-metabolizing enzymes (CYP2C19, CYP2D6) was determined. RESULTS PGS for MDD was significantly associated with disorder status (NkR2 = 2.48 %, p < 1*10-12), with higher genetic burden in EMC patients compared to controls. The PGS for ADR did not explain remission status. The PGS for MDD and ADR were also not associated with treatment outcomes. In addition, there were no effects of common CYP450 gene variants on ADR. LIMITATIONS The study was limited by variability in the outcome parameters due to differences in treatment and insufficient sample size in the used ADR genome-wide association study (GWAS). CONCLUSIONS The present study confirms a polygenic contribution to MDD burden in the EMC patients. Larger GWAS with homogeneity in antidepressant treatments are needed to explore the genetic variation associated with ADR and realize the potential of PGS to contribute to specific response subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Müller
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner site Mannheim/Heidelberg/Ulm, Germany.
| | - Klaus Lieb
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Fabian Streit
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner site Mannheim/Heidelberg/Ulm, Germany; Hector Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Psychiatry (HITKIP), Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Swapnil Awasthi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Josef Frank
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marianne B Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany; Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy & Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - André Tadic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, DR. FONTHEIM Mentale Gesundheit, Liebenburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Laven Mavarani
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Börge Schmidt
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stephanie H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner site Mannheim/Heidelberg/Ulm, Germany
| | - Lea Zillich
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner site Mannheim/Heidelberg/Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Engelmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany; Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy & Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.
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Oumeddour DZ, Al-Dalali S, Zhao L, Zhao L, Wang C. Recent advances on cyanidin-3-O-glucoside in preventing obesity-related metabolic disorders: A comprehensive review. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 729:150344. [PMID: 38976946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Anthocyanins, found in various pigmented plants as secondary metabolites, represent a class of dietary polyphenols known for their bioactive properties, demonstrating health-promoting effects against several chronic diseases. Among these, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) is one of the most prevalent types of anthocyanins. Upon consumption, C3G undergoes phases I and II metabolism by oral epithelial cells, absorption in the gastric epithelium, and gut transformation (phase II & microbial metabolism), with limited amounts reaching the bloodstream. Obesity, characterized by excessive body fat accumulation, is a global health concern associated with heightened risks of disability, illness, and mortality. This comprehensive review delves into the biodegradation and absorption dynamics of C3G within the gastrointestinal tract. It meticulously examines the latest research findings, drawn from in vitro and in vivo models, presenting evidence underlining C3G's bioactivity. Notably, C3G has demonstrated significant efficacy in combating obesity, by regulating lipid metabolism, specifically decreasing lipid synthesis, increasing fatty acid oxidation, and reducing lipid accumulation. Additionally, C3G enhances energy homeostasis by boosting energy expenditure, promoting the activity of brown adipose tissue, and stimulating mitochondrial biogenesis. Furthermore, C3G shows potential in managing various prevalent obesity-related conditions. These include cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and hypertension through the suppression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, enhancement of endogenous antioxidant enzyme levels, and inhibition of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway and by exercising its cardioprotective and vascular effects by decreasing pulmonary artery thickness and systolic pressure which enhances vascular relaxation and angiogenesis. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and insulin resistance (IR) are also managed by reducing gluconeogenesis via AMPK pathway activation, promoting autophagy, protecting pancreatic β-cells from oxidative stress and enhancing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Additionally, C3G improves insulin sensitivity by upregulating GLUT-1 and GLUT-4 expression and regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway. C3G exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines, and shifting macrophage polarization from the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. C3G demonstrates antioxidative effects by enhancing the expression of antioxidant enzymes, reducing ROS production, and activating the Nrf2/AMPK signaling pathway. Moreover, these mechanisms also contribute to attenuating inflammatory bowel disease and regulating gut microbiota by decreasing Firmicutes and increasing Bacteroidetes abundance, restoring colon length, and reducing levels of inflammatory cytokines. The therapeutic potential of C3G extends beyond metabolic disorders; it has also been found effective in managing specific cancer types and neurodegenerative disorders. The findings of this research can provide an important reference for future investigations that seek to improve human health through the use of naturally occurring bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dounya Zad Oumeddour
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100048, China; Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Sam Al-Dalali
- School of Food and Health, Guilin Tourism University, Guilin, 541006, China; Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, Ibb University, Ibb, 70270, Yemen.
| | - Liang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100048, China; Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Lei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100048, China; Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100048, China; Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
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23
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Matcham F, Carr E, Meyer N, White KM, Oetzmann C, Leightley D, Lamers F, Siddi S, Cummins N, Annas P, de Girolamo G, Haro JM, Lavelle G, Li Q, Lombardini F, Mohr DC, Narayan VA, Penninx BWHJ, Coromina M, Riquelme Alacid G, Simblett SK, Nica R, Wykes T, Brasen JC, Myin-Germeys I, Dobson RJB, Folarin AA, Ranjan Y, Rashid Z, Dineley J, Vairavan S, Hotopf M. The relationship between wearable-derived sleep features and relapse in Major Depressive Disorder. J Affect Disord 2024; 363:90-98. [PMID: 39038618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in sleep and circadian function are leading candidate markers for the detection of relapse in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Consumer-grade wearable devices may enable remote and real-time examination of dynamic changes in sleep. Fitbit data from individuals with recurrent MDD were used to describe the longitudinal effects of sleep duration, quality, and regularity on subsequent depression relapse and severity. METHODS Data were collected as part of a longitudinal observational mobile Health (mHealth) cohort study in people with recurrent MDD. Participants wore a Fitbit device and completed regular outcome assessments via email for a median follow-up of 541 days. We used multivariable regression models to test the effects of sleep features on depression outcomes. We considered respondents with at least one assessment of relapse (n = 218) or at least one assessment of depression severity (n = 393). RESULTS Increased intra-individual variability in total sleep time, greater sleep fragmentation, lower sleep efficiency, and more variable sleep midpoints were associated with worse depression outcomes. Adjusted Population Attributable Fractions suggested that an intervention to increase sleep consistency in adults with MDD could reduce the population risk for depression relapse by up to 22 %. LIMITATIONS Limitations include a potentially underpowered primary outcome due to the smaller number of relapses identified than expected. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates a role for consumer-grade activity trackers in estimating relapse risk and depression severity in people with recurrent MDD. Variability in sleep duration and midpoint may be useful targets for stratified interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Matcham
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK; Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - E Carr
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - N Meyer
- Insomnia and Behavioural Sleep Medicine Clinic, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - K M White
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C Oetzmann
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - D Leightley
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - F Lamers
- Department of Psychiatry and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S Siddi
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació San Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Cummins
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - P Annas
- H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
| | - G de Girolamo
- IRCCS Instituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - J M Haro
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació San Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Lavelle
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Q Li
- H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
| | - F Lombardini
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació San Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D C Mohr
- Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies, Department of Preventative Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - V A Narayan
- Davos Alzheimer's Collaborative, Wayne, PA, USA
| | - B W H J Penninx
- Insomnia and Behavioural Sleep Medicine Clinic, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - M Coromina
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació San Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Riquelme Alacid
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació San Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S K Simblett
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - R Nica
- RADAR-CNS Patient Advisory Board
| | - T Wykes
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - I Myin-Germeys
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - R J B Dobson
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A A Folarin
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Y Ranjan
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Z Rashid
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J Dineley
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S Vairavan
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - M Hotopf
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Wu Y, Su B, Zhong P, Zhao Y, Chen C, Zheng X. Association between chronic disease status and transitions in depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older Chinese population: Insights from a Markov model-based cohort study. J Affect Disord 2024; 363:445-455. [PMID: 39032710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between chronic disease status (CDS) and transitions in depressive symptoms (DS) remains unclear. This study explores the association between CDS and DS transitions. METHODS This cohort study analyzed data from 8175 participants aged 45+, sourced from China Family Panel Studies (2016, 2018, 2020). DS were assessed using a brief version of Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). CDS was categorized into healthy, single disease, and multimorbidity. Markov models were used to estimate state transition intensities, mean sojourn times and hazard ratios (HRs). RESULTS DS transitions occurred between adjacent and non-adjacent states, but transition intensity between adjacent states was higher than among non-adjacent states. Self-transition intensities of severe-DS, mild-DS, and non-DS progressively increased, with average durations of 1.365, 1.482, and 7.854 years, respectively. Both single disease and multimorbidity were significantly associated with an increased risk of transitioning from non-DS to mild-DS, with multimorbidity showing a stronger association. In contrast, HRs for single diseases transitioning from mild-DS to severe-DS were significantly lower than 1. Furthermore, their HRs were almost <1 in recovery transitions but not statistically significant. LIMITATIONS Specific chronic diseases and their combinations were not analyzed. CONCLUSIONS The progression of DS exhibits various pathways. CDS is associated with DS transitions, but the roles of single disease and multimorbidity may differ across different DS progression stages. Both conditions were significantly linked to the risk of new-onset DS, with multimorbidity posing a greater association. However, this relationship is not observed in other progression stages. These findings could provide insights for early prevention and intervention for DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- Department of Population Health and Aging Science, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, No. 31, Road 3rd, Bei-Ji-Ge, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Binbin Su
- Department of Population Health and Aging Science, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, No. 31, Road 3rd, Bei-Ji-Ge, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Panliang Zhong
- Department of Population Health and Aging Science, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, No. 31, Road 3rd, Bei-Ji-Ge, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yihao Zhao
- Department of Population Health and Aging Science, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, No. 31, Road 3rd, Bei-Ji-Ge, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Population Health and Aging Science, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, No. 31, Road 3rd, Bei-Ji-Ge, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiaoying Zheng
- Department of Population Health and Aging Science, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, No. 31, Road 3rd, Bei-Ji-Ge, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China; APEC Health Science Academy, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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25
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Mo H, Wang S. Assessing the spatiotemporal evolution and socioeconomic determinants of PM 2.5-related premature deaths in China from 2000 to 2021. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174323. [PMID: 38955281 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
China's swift socioeconomic development has led to extremely severe ambient PM2.5 levels, the associated negative health outcomes of which include premature death. However, a comprehensive explanation of the socioeconomic mechanism contributing to PM2.5-related premature deaths has not yet to be fully elucidated through long-term spatial panel data. Here, we employed a global exposure mortality model (GEMM) and the system generalized method of moments (Sys-GMM) to examine the primary determinants contributing to premature deaths in Chinese provinces from 2000 to 2021. We found that in the research period, premature deaths in China increased by 46 %, reaching 1.87 million, a figure that decreased somewhat after the COVID-19 outbreak. 62 thousand premature deaths were avoided in 2020 and 2021 compared to 2019, primarily due to the decline in PM2.5 concentrations. Premature deaths have increased across all provinces, particularly in North China, and a discernible spatial agglomeration effect was observed, highlighting effects on nearby provinces. The findings also underscored the significance of determinants such as urbanization, import and export trade, and energy consumption in exacerbating premature deaths, while energy intensity exerted a mitigating influence. Importantly, a U-shaped relationship between premature deaths and economic development was unveiled for the first time, implying the need for vigilance regarding potential health impact deterioration and the implementation of countermeasures as the per capita GDP increases in China. Our findings deserve attention from policymakers as they shed fresh insights into atmospheric control and Health China action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Mo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Carbon Sequestration, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shaojian Wang
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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26
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Yang L, Wang M, Xuan C, Yu C, Zhu Y, Luo H, Meng X, Shi S, Wang Y, Chu H, Chen R, Yan J. Long-term exposure to particulate matter pollution and incidence of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke: A prospective cohort study in Eastern China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 358:124446. [PMID: 38945192 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Although epidemiological studies have demonstrated significant associations of long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution with stroke, evidence on the long-term effects of PM exposure on cause-specific stroke incidence is scarce and inconsistent. We incorporated 33,282 and 33,868 individuals aged 35-75 years without a history of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke at the baseline in 2014, who were followed up till 2021. Residential exposures to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm (PM10) for each participant were predicted using a satellite-based model with a spatial resolution of 1 × 1 km. We employed time-varying Cox proportional hazards models to assess the long-term effect of PM pollution on incident stroke. We identified 926 cases of ischemic stroke and 211 of hemorrhagic stroke. Long-term PM exposure was significantly associated with increased incidence of both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, with almost 2 times higher risk on hemorrhagic stroke. Specifically, a 10 μg/m³ increase in 3-year average concentrations of PM2.5 was linked to a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.35 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.18-1.54) for incident ischemic stroke and 1.79 (95% CI: 1.36-2.34) for incident hemorrhagic stroke. The HR related to PM10, though smaller, remained statistically significant, with a HR of 1.25 for ischemic stroke and a HR of 1.51 for hemorrhagic stroke. The excess risks are larger among rural residents and individuals with lower educational attainment. The present cohort study contributed to the mounting evidence on the increased risk of incident stroke associated with long-term PM exposures. Our results further provide valuable evidence on the heightened sensitivity of hemorrhagic stroke to air pollution exposures compared with ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Menghao Wang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Xuan
- Chronic Disease Control Department, Zhuji Second People's Hospital, Zhuji, Zhejiang, China
| | - Caiyan Yu
- Chronic Disease Control Department, Zhuji Second People's Hospital, Zhuji, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yixiang Zhu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huihuan Luo
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Meng
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Su Shi
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongjie Chu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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27
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Érszegi A, Csupor D, Bodó G, Engi Z, Bahar MA, Matuz M, Benkő R, Pető Z, Viola R. High rate of potentially inappropriate medication use in older people: a case-control study. GeroScience 2024; 46:5217-5233. [PMID: 38980633 PMCID: PMC11335697 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01274-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Annually, 172 million fall events cause temporary or permanent impairment in older adults, and this number is increasing. Contributing factors that increase the risk for falls include age, polypharmacy, and malnutrition. This study evaluated medications mainly included in the EU(7)-PIM (potentially inappropriate medication) list. From March 21, 2022, to July 6, 2022, 945 patients who experienced a fall and visited the Department of Emergency Medicine at the Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre of the University of Szeged in Hungary. Data from 886 patients were collected (study group). The control group included 1364 patient data collected from three general practice in Hungary. The use of ≥ 2 EU(7)-PIM drugs was found to be associated with increased risk for falls (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.38; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.88). Piracetam (AOR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.28-2.57) and trimetazidine (AOR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.17-2.24) were associated with increased risk for falls. Doxazosin was associated with a low risk for falls (AOR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.41-0.86). Tiapride (AOR, 3.54; 95% CI, 1.75-7.17), gliclazide (AOR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.02-2.43), and vinpocetine (AOR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.29-2.95) are not included in the EU(7)-PIM list; however, they are associated with increased risk for falls. Long-acting benzodiazepines (AOR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.20-2.68), antidepressants (AOR, 1.89; 95% 95% CI, 1.37-2.61), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (AOR, 2.82; 95% CI, 1.41-5.67; p < 0.01), and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (AOR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.24-2.85) were also associated with increased risk for falls. However, Z-drugs were associated with a low risk for falls (AOR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.36-0.92). With the help of this tool, trimetazidine and piracetam are filtered as EU(7)-PIM drugs associated with increased risk for falls.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Érszegi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center, Central Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dezső Csupor
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Institute for Translational Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Bodó
- Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County Central Hospital and University Teaching Hospital, Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Engi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Muh Akbar Bahar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Mária Matuz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center, Central Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ria Benkő
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center, Central Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Pető
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Réka Viola
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center, Central Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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28
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Hyatt AS, William Flores M, Lê Cook B. Disproportionate increase in cannabis use among people with serious psychological distress and associations with psychiatric service use in the United States, 2009-2019. Addict Behav 2024; 157:108095. [PMID: 38905902 PMCID: PMC11283347 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis use is on the rise, but it is unclear how use is changing among individuals with serious psychological distress (SPD) compared to the general population as well as what associations this may have with mental health service use. METHODS Retrospective cohort study using the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) 2009-19 public use files of 447,228 adults aged ≥ 18 years. Multivariable logistic regression and predictive margin methods were used to estimate linear time trends in any and greater-than-weekly levels of cannabis use by year and SPD status and rates of psychiatric hospitalization and outpatient mental health care. FINDINGS Rates of any and weekly-plus cannabis use increased similarly among individuals with SPD compared to those without from 200 to 2014 but more rapidly in SPD every year from 2015 to 2019 (p < 0.001). Among individuals with SPD, no use was associated with a 4.2 % probability of psychiatric hospitalization, significantly less than less-than-weekly (5.0 %, p = 0.037) and weekly-plus cannabis use (5.1 %, p = 0.028). For outpatient mental health care, no use was associated with a 27.4 % probability (95 % CI 26.7-28.1 %) of any outpatient care, significantly less than less than weekly use (32.6 % probability, p < 0.001) and weekly-plus use (29.9 % probability, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Cannabis use is increasing more rapidly among individuals with SPD than the general population, and is associated with increased rates of psychiatric hospitalization and outpatient service use. These findings can inform policy makers looking to tailor regulations on advertising for cannabis and develop public health messaging on cannabis use by people with mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Hyatt
- Health Equity Research Lab, Cambridge Health Alliance, 1493 Cambridge Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Michael William Flores
- Health Equity Research Lab, Cambridge Health Alliance, 1493 Cambridge Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Benjamin Lê Cook
- Health Equity Research Lab, Cambridge Health Alliance, 1493 Cambridge Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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29
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Murack M, Kadamani AK, Guindon-Riopel A, Traynor OH, Iqbal UH, Bronner S, Messier C, Ismail N. The effect of probiotic supplementation on sleep, depression-like behaviour, and central glucose and lactate metabolism in male and female pubertal mice exposed to chronic sleep disruption. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 168:107146. [PMID: 39079447 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of depression significantly increases during puberty and adolescence. Puberty is the period during which sexual maturity is attained, while adolescence persists beyond puberty and includes physiological, social, emotional, and cognitive maturation. A stressor that has been shown previously to induce depression is chronic sleep disruption. Probiotics can prevent stress-induced depression. However, it was unclear whether probiotics could prevent depression following chronic sleep disruption and what mechanism may be involved. Therefore, we investigated whether pubertal probiotic treatment could prevent depression-like behavior in mice following chronic sleep disruption. We also examined whether probiotic treatment could improve sleep quality, and increase serotonin, tryptophan, glucose, and L-lactate concentrations in chronically sleep-disrupted mice. We hypothesized that probiotic treatment would prevent depression-like behavior, improve sleep quality, and increase serotonin, tryptophan, glucose, and L-lactate concentrations in sleep-disrupted mice. Male and female mice (N=120) received cannula and electroencephalogram (EEG) electrode implants at postnatal day (PND) 26. Mice received Lacidofil® or Cerebiome® probiotics (PND 33-51) and were sleep-disrupted for the first 4 hours of the light phase (sleep period) (PND 40-51). Hippocampal L-lactate and glucose concentrations and sleep were measured over a 24-h period (PND 48-49). Depression-like behaviour was evaluated using tail suspension (PND 49) and forced swim tests (PND 50). Chronic sleep disruption increased depression-like behaviour and NREM duration in the dark phase, and reduced all metabolites and neuromodulating biomolecules measured within the brain. However, mice treated with probiotics did not display depression-like behaviour or decreased hippocampal L-lactate following chronic sleep disruption. Cerebiome prevented decreases to prefrontal serotonin and hippocampal glucose concentrations, while Lacidofil increased NREM duration in the latter half of the light phase. The current study not only replicates previous findings linking chronic sleep disruption to depression, but also demonstrates that pubertal probiotic treatment can mitigate the effects of chronic sleep disruption on depression-like behaviour and on the neural mechanisms underlying depression in a strain-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Murack
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Anthony K Kadamani
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Alexi Guindon-Riopel
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Olivia H Traynor
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Umar Haris Iqbal
- Rosell Institute for Microbiome and Probiotics, 6100 Royalmont Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Stéphane Bronner
- Rosell Institute for Microbiome and Probiotics, 6100 Royalmont Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Claude Messier
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada; University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Nafissa Ismail
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada; University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
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30
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Han Q, Wang C, Liu J, Wang C, Zhang H, Ni Q, Sun J, Wang Y, Sun B. Application of Nanozymes and its Progress in the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2024; 15:880-892. [PMID: 37555909 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-023-01182-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanozymes are a new kind of material which has been applied since the beginning of this century, and its birth has promoted the development of chemistry, materials science, and biology. Nanozymes can be used as a substitute for natural enzyme and has a wide range of applications; therefore, it has attracted extensive attention from all sectors of the community, and the number of studies has constantly increasing. In this paper, we introduced the outstanding achievements in the field of nanozymes in recent years from the main function, the construction of nanozyme-based biosensors, and the treatment of ischemic stroke, and we also illustrated the internal mechanism and the catalytic principle. In the end, the obstacles and challenges in the future development of nanozymes were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Han
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong, China
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Chengcheng Wang
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Cai Wang
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Hongming Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong, China
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Qingbin Ni
- Postdoctoral Workstation, Taian Central Hospital, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Jingyi Sun
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China.
| | - Baoliang Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong, China.
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China.
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31
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Zhao M, Ma J, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Wang L, Song H, Sun X. Depressive and anxiety symptoms among schizophrenia patients. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:749-754. [PMID: 39029687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive and anxiety symptoms commonly manifested throughout the progression of schizophrenia. However, the prevalence of these symptoms, alongside their co-occurrence, remains uncertain, and clinical correlates remain elusive. OBJECTIVES This study seeks to investigate the prevalence of such symptoms and their demographic and clinical associations among patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. METHODS The study included 19,623 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia based on the ICD-10 criteria. Participants were recruited from community-dwelling patients registered in the local health system in Hangzhou of China between August 1 and October 30, 2022. RESULTS The prevalence rates of depressive and anxiety symptoms, as well as their co-occurrence, were determined to be 19 % (95%CI = 18.5-19.6 %), 37.4 % (95%CI = 36.8-38.0 %), and 17.7 % (95%CI = 17.2-18.2 %), respectively. Patients prescribed quetiapine, olanzapine, and risperidone exhibited significantly lower prevalence rates of these symptoms (P < 0.01). Spearman's correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation between depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms (r = 0.60, P = 0.006). Additionally, age, social relationships, and sleep status were significantly associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms, and their co-occurrence, in both univariate and multivariate analyses. CONCLUSION Given the pervasive nature and detrimental consequences of these symptoms among individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, comprehensive evaluation and implementation of efficacious interventions are highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhe Zhao
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingsong Ma
- School of Early Childhood Education, Hangzhou Polytechnic, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuyin Zhang
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Applied Psychology, Education Science Research Institute, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Haidong Song
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaohua Sun
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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32
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Yan X, Zeng H, Li H, Cao M, Yang F, He S, Zhang S, Teng Y, Li Q, Xia C, Chen W. The current infection with Helicobacter pylori and association with upper gastrointestinal lesions and risk of upper gastrointestinal cancer: Insights from multicenter population-based cohort study. Int J Cancer 2024; 155:1203-1211. [PMID: 38712628 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The relationship between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancers is complex. This multicenter, population-based cohort study conducted in seven areas in China aimed to assess the correlation between current H. pylori infection and the severity of UGI lesions, as well as its association with the risk of gastric cancer (GC) and esophageal cancer (EC). From 2015 to 2017, 27,085 participants (aged 40-69) completed a standardized questionnaire, and underwent a 13C-urea breath test. Then a subset underwent UGI endoscopy to assess the UGI lesion detection rates. All individuals were followed up until December 2021 to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) for UGI cancers. H. pylori infection prevalence was 45.9%, and among endoscopy participants, 22.2% had gastric lesions, 19.2% had esophageal lesions. Higher detection rates of gastric lesions were noted in the H. pylori-positive population across all lesion severity levels. Over a median follow-up of 6.3 years, 104 EC and 179 GC cases were observed, including 103 non-cardia gastric cancer (NCGC) cases and 76 cardia gastric cancer (CGC) cases. H. pylori-infected individuals exhibited a 1.78-fold increased risk of GC (HR 1.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.32-2.40) but no significant increase in EC risk (HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.73-1.57). Notably, there was a higher risk for both NCGC and CGC in H. pylori-infected individuals. This population-based cohort study provides valuable evidence supporting the association between current H. pylori infection and the risk of both NCGC and CGC. These findings contribute to the empirical basis for risk stratification and recommendations for UGI cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Yan
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Zeng
- National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - He Li
- Office of Cancer Regional Medical Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Maomao Cao
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Siyi He
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoli Zhang
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Teng
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qianru Li
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Changfa Xia
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wanqing Chen
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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33
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Chen S, Sun H, Song Y, Zhang M, Huang W, Zhao C, Wang Y, Wang J, Meng H, Zhou L, Xu Z, Bai Y. Transition and trend analysis of the burden of depression in China and different income countries: Based on GBD database and joinpoint regression model. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:437-449. [PMID: 38960335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a leading cause of disability and poor health worldwide and is expected to rank first worldwide by 2030. The aim of this study is to analyze the transition and trend of depression burden in China and various income-level countries by utilizing the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database and the Joinpoint regression model. This analysis seeks to comprehend the variations in the burden of depression across different income regions and evaluate their developmental patterns. METHODS Based on the GBD 2019 open dataset, this study extracted data on YLD (Years Lived with Disability), DALY (Disability-Adjusted Life Years), and incidence related to depression. The analysis focused on the period between 1990 and 2019, covering global data and distinguishing between high-income, upper-middle-income, lower-middle-income, low-income countries, and China. We utilized the Joinpoint regression model to fit the spatiotemporal trend changes among different income-level countries. Pairwise comparisons were conducted to examine the parallelism and to determine if the differences in trend changes among various regions were statistically significant. RESULTS From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized YLD and DALY for depression female were higher than that in male. The YLD total change rate of depression men was higher than that of women. China exhibited the largest disparity in total YLD change rates between genders, reaching 0.08. During 1990 to 2019, the incidence of depression in 2005-2019 increased among females in middle to high-income countries, low-income countries, and China as compare to that of 1990-2005. Notably, China shown the most increase the incidence rate of females (from -0.4 % to 0.84 %). China experienced the most significant change in the YLD of depression during this period (AAPC = 0.45, 95 % CI = 0.41, 0.48, P < 0.01). China's YLD/Incidence rate was higher compared to the global, HICs, UMCs, LMCs, and LICs. In China, the YLD/incidence rate of depression began to rise in 1994, peaking around 2010, and then gradually declining. Since 2010, the growth rate of depression DALYs in China has been higher than the global average, high-income countries, upper-middle-income countries, lower-middle-income countries, and low-income countries. The DALY's AAPC value for the HLCs was the highest (AAPC = 0.24, 95 % CI = 0.22, 0.25, P < 0.01). The UMCs, in comparison to other regions, incidence rate had the highest AAPC value (AAPC = 0.48, 95 % CI = 0.46, 0.50, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Given the significant variations in the burden of depression across countries with different income levels, future strategies aimed at reducing the burden of depression should adopt tailored and differentiated approaches according to each country's specific needs and developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; BeiHua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Hongwei Sun
- Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
| | - Yan Song
- BeiHua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Min Zhang
- BeiHua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Wei Huang
- BeiHua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | | | - Yanyu Wang
- Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | | | - HaiBo Meng
- Jilin City Medical Association, Jilin 132011, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Beijing 102206, China
| | | | - YuXin Bai
- BeiHua University, Jilin 132013, China
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Kabir MHB, Kato K. Comprehensive molecular epidemiology of Cryptosporidium species in Japan. Parasitol Int 2024; 102:102909. [PMID: 38945736 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2024.102909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Cryptosporidium species, causing diarrheal illnesses in humans and animals worldwide, are under investigation for their molecular epidemiology in Japan. The study focuses on detecting Cryptosporidium species in humans, animals, water, and the environment, revealing three species in people: C. parvum, C. meleagridis, and C. hominis. Subtype IIa of the C. parvum gp60 gene is prevalent, indicating potential zoonotic transmission. Animal studies identified sixteen species, mainly cattle and pets, with C. parvum (subtype IIa) common in cattle and C. canis and C. felis prevalent in pets. Additionally, C. bovis and C. ryanae were found in cattle and sika deer. Knowledge gaps exist, particularly in water and environmental source typing, with limited research revealing five species and five genotypes, suggesting a significant role of water in transmission. Further research is needed to understand the molecular diversity and transmission dynamics across humans, animals, water, and the environment in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hazzaz Bin Kabir
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Environment, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Osaki, Miyagi, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kentaro Kato
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Environment, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Osaki, Miyagi, Japan.
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Liu J, Fan Y, Song J, Song R, Li X, Liu L, Wei N, Yuan J, Yi W, Pan R, Jin X, Cheng J, Zhang X, Su H. Impaired thyroid hormone sensitivity exacerbates the effect of PM 2.5 and its components on dyslipidemia in schizophrenia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 945:174055. [PMID: 38889814 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia in schizophrenia causes a serious loss of healthy life expectancy, making it imperative to explore key environmental risk factors. We aimed to assess the effect of PM2.5 and its constituents on dyslipidemia in schizophrenia, identify the critical hazardous components, and investigate the role of impaired thyroid hormones (THs) sensitivity in this association. METHODS We collected disease data on schizophrenia from the Anhui Mental Health Center from 2019 to 2022. Logistic regression was constructed to explore the effect of average annual exposure to PM2.5 and its components [black carbon (BC), organic matter (OM), sulfate (SO42-), ammonium (NH4+), and nitrate (NO3-)] on dyslipidemia, with subgroup analyses for age and gender. The degree of impaired THs sensitivity in participants was reflected by the Thyroid Feedback Quantile-based Index (TFQI), and its role in the association of PM2.5 components with dyslipidemia was explored. RESULTS A total of 5125 patients with schizophrenia were included in this study. Exposure to PM2.5 and its components (BC, OM, SO42-, NH4+, and NO3-) were associated with dyslipidemia with the odds ratios and 95 % confidence interval of 1.13 (1.04, 1.23), 1.16 (1.07, 1.26), 1.15 (1.06, 1.25), 1.11 (1.03, 1.20), 1.09 (1.00, 1.18), 1.12 (1.04, 1.20), respectively. Mixed exposure modeling indicated that BC played a major role in the effects of the mixture. More significant associations were observed in males and groups <45 years. In addition, we found that the effect of PM2.5 and its components on dyslipidemia was exacerbated as impaired THs sensitivity in the patients. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to PM2.5 and its components is associated with an increased risk of dyslipidemia in schizophrenia, which may be exacerbated by impaired THs sensitivity. Our results suggest a new perspective for the management of ambient particulate pollution and the protection of thyroid function in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Mental Health Center (Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University), Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yinguang Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Mental Health Center (Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University), Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Mental Health Center (Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University), Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Rong Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Mental Health Center (Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University), Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xuanxuan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Mental Health Center (Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University), Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Mental Health Center (Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University), Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ning Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Mental Health Center (Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University), Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiajun Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Mental Health Center (Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University), Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Weizhuo Yi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Mental Health Center (Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University), Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Rubing Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Mental Health Center (Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University), Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoyu Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Mental Health Center (Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University), Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Mental Health Center (Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University), Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xulai Zhang
- Anhui Mental Health Center (Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University), Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Mental Health Center (Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University), Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Jiang N, Gelfond J, Liu Q, Strong R, Nelson JF. The Gehan test identifies life-extending compounds overlooked by the log-rank test in the NIA Interventions Testing Program: Metformin, Enalapril, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, green tea extract, and 17-dimethylaminoethylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin hydrochloride. GeroScience 2024; 46:4533-4541. [PMID: 38630424 PMCID: PMC11335987 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01161-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The National Institute on Aging Interventions Testing Program (ITP) has so far identified 12 compounds that extend the lifespan of genetically heterogeneous mice using the log-rank test. However, the log-rank test is relatively insensitive to any compound that does not uniformly reduce mortality across the lifespan. This test may thus miss compounds that only reduce mortality before midlife, for example, a plausible outcome if a compound only mitigates risk factors before midlife or if its efficacy is reduced at later ages. We therefore reanalyzed all data collected by the ITP from 2004-2022 using the Gehan test, which is more sensitive to mortality differences earlier in the life course and does not assume a uniformly reduced mortality hazard across the lifespan. The Gehan test identified 5 additional compounds, metformin, enalapril, 17-dimethylaminoethylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin hydrochloride (17-DMAG), caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), and green tea extract (GTE), which significantly increased survival but were previously missed by the log-rank test. Three (metformin, enalapril, and 17-DMAG) were only effective in males and two (CAPE and GTE) were only effective in females. In addition, 1,3-butanediol, which by log-rank analysis increased survival in females but not males, increased survival in males by the Gehan test. These results suggest that statistical tests sensitive to non-uniformity of drug efficacy across the lifespan should be included in the standard statistical testing protocol to minimize overlooking geroprotective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisi Jiang
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio; San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, U.S.A
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, UT Health San Antonio; San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, U.S.A
| | - Jonathan Gelfond
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio; San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, U.S.A
- Department of Population Health Sciences, UT Health San Antonio; San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, U.S.A
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Department of Population Health Sciences, UT Health San Antonio; San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, U.S.A
| | - Randy Strong
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio; San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, U.S.A
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Health San Antonio; San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, U.S.A
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, U.S.A
| | - James F Nelson
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio; San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, U.S.A..
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, UT Health San Antonio; San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, U.S.A..
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Costa V, Gianlorenço AC, Andrade MF, Camargo L, Menacho M, Arias Avila M, Pacheco-Barrios K, Choi H, Song JJ, Fregni F. Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation effects on chronic pain: systematic review and meta-analysis. Pain Rep 2024; 9:e1171. [PMID: 39131814 PMCID: PMC11309651 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000001171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is one of the major causes of disability with a tremendous impact on an individual's quality of life and on public health. Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) is a safe therapeutic for this condition. We aimed to evaluate its effects in adults with chronic pain. A comprehensive search was performed, including randomized controlled trials published until October 2023, which assessed the effects of noninvasive tVNS. Cohen's d effect size and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, and random-effects meta-analyses were performed. Fifteen studies were included. The results revealed a mean effect size of 0.41 (95% CI 0.17-0.66) in favor of tVNS as compared with control, although a significant heterogeneity was observed (χ2 = 21.7, df = 10, P = 0.02, I 2 = 53.9%). However, when compared with nonactive controls, tVNS shows a larger effect size (0.79, 95% CI 0.25-1.33), although the number of studies was small (n = 3). When analyzed separately, auricular tVNS and cervical tVNS against control, it shows a significant small to moderate effect size, similar to that of the main analysis, respectively, 0.42 (95% CI 0.08-0.76, 8 studies) and 0.36 (95% CI 0.01-0.70, 3 studies). No differences were observed in the number of migraine days for the trials on migraine. This meta-analysis indicates that tVNS shows promise as an effective intervention for managing pain intensity in chronic pain conditions. We discuss the design of future trials to confirm these preliminary results, including sample size and parameters of stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valton Costa
- Neurosciences Laboratory, Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Spaulding Neuromodulation Center and Center for Clinical Research Learning, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna Carolyna Gianlorenço
- Neurosciences Laboratory, Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Spaulding Neuromodulation Center and Center for Clinical Research Learning, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Fernanda Andrade
- Spaulding Neuromodulation Center and Center for Clinical Research Learning, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lucas Camargo
- Spaulding Neuromodulation Center and Center for Clinical Research Learning, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maryela Menacho
- Neurosciences Laboratory, Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Spaulding Neuromodulation Center and Center for Clinical Research Learning, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mariana Arias Avila
- Study Group on Chronic Pain (NEDoC), Laboratory of Research on Electrophysical Agents (LAREF), Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Kevin Pacheco-Barrios
- Spaulding Neuromodulation Center and Center for Clinical Research Learning, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Unidad de Investigación para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud, Lima, Peru
| | - Hyuk Choi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- Neurive Co, Ltd, Gimhae, South Korea
| | - Jae-Jun Song
- Neurive Co, Ltd, Gimhae, South Korea
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Felipe Fregni
- Spaulding Neuromodulation Center and Center for Clinical Research Learning, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Turner RM, Lee KM, Walker AS, Ellis S, Sharland M, Bielicki JA, Stöhr W, White IR. Determining sample size in a personalized randomized controlled (PRACTical) trial. Stat Med 2024; 43:4098-4112. [PMID: 38980954 DOI: 10.1002/sim.10168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
In clinical settings with no commonly accepted standard-of-care, multiple treatment regimens are potentially useful, but some treatments may not be appropriate for some patients. A personalized randomized controlled trial (PRACTical) design has been proposed for this setting. For a network of treatments, each patient is randomized only among treatments which are appropriate for them. The aim is to produce treatment rankings that can inform clinical decisions about treatment choices for individual patients. Here we propose methods for determining sample size in a PRACTical design, since standard power-based methods are not applicable. We derive a sample size by evaluating information gained from trials of varying sizes. For a binary outcome, we quantify how many adverse outcomes would be prevented by choosing the top-ranked treatment for each patient based on trial results rather than choosing a random treatment from the appropriate personalized randomization list. In simulations, we evaluate three performance measures: mean reduction in adverse outcomes using sample information, proportion of simulated patients for whom the top-ranked treatment performed as well or almost as well as the best appropriate treatment, and proportion of simulated trials in which the top-ranked treatment performed better than a randomly chosen treatment. We apply the methods to a trial evaluating eight different combination antibiotic regimens for neonatal sepsis (NeoSep1), in which a PRACTical design addresses varying patterns of antibiotic choice based on disease characteristics and resistance. Our proposed approach produces results that are more relevant to complex decision making by clinicians and policy makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Turner
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, London, UK
| | - Kim May Lee
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A Sarah Walker
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, London, UK
| | - Sally Ellis
- Global Antibiotic Research & Development Partnership (GARDP), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michael Sharland
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, St. George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Julia A Bielicki
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, St. George's University of London, London, UK
- University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Stöhr
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, London, UK
| | - Ian R White
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, London, UK
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Wakonigg Alonso C, McElhatton F, O'Mahony B, Campbell M, Pollak TA, Stokes PRA. The blood-brain barrier in bipolar disorders: A systematic review. J Affect Disord 2024; 361:434-444. [PMID: 38897301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorders (BD) are chronic, debilitating disorders. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been increasingly investigated in BD. This systematic review aimed to assess the available evidence on the relationship between BD and markers of BBB dysfunction. METHODS A systematic search in PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Web of Science was run where the primary outcomes were BBB markers such as S100B, albumin ratio, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), cell adhesion molecule (CAM), and tight junction proteins. Techniques included blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), post-mortem, genetic and imaging methods in BD compared to healthy controls. RESULTS 55 studies were identified, 38 of which found an association between BD and markers of BBB dysfunction. 16/29 studies found increased blood/CSF albumin ratio, S100B, CAMs or MMP levels in BD participants compared to controls. 5/19 post-mortem studies found increased levels of chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans, intercellular CAM, neurexin or claudin-5 mRNA in distinct locations throughout the brain in BD compared to controls. One imaging study identified extensive BBB leakage in 30 % of BD participants, compared to 0 % in controls. LIMITATIONS The diversity in methodologies used in the included studies makes direct comparison of results challenging. Furthermore, imaging methods are the gold standard, but only one study used them. Other markers are only indicative of BBB permeability. CONCLUSIONS This review suggests an association between BD and BBB dysfunction. Further research is needed to provide definite answers considering the existing literature's limitations, and to clarify whether this association provides a pathogenic mechanism, or is an epiphenomenon of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Wakonigg Alonso
- Institute of Psychiatry & Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,United Kingdom.
| | - Frances McElhatton
- Institute of Psychiatry & Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,United Kingdom
| | - Brian O'Mahony
- Institute of Psychiatry & Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Campbell
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Lincoln Place Gate, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Thomas A Pollak
- Dept of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry & Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust,Bethlem Royal Hospital, Monks Orchard Road, Beckenham, Kent, BR3 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R A Stokes
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust,Bethlem Royal Hospital, Monks Orchard Road, Beckenham, Kent, BR3 3BX, United Kingdom; Centre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry & Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,United Kingdom
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Zhang Y, Wang SW, Ding J, Wen X, Li T, Yang L, Peng J, Dong Y, Mi W, Gao Y, Sun G. Causal role of immune cells in major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder: Mendelian randomization (MR) study. J Affect Disord 2024; 361:165-171. [PMID: 38838789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are prevalent psychiatric conditions linked to inflammatory processes. However, it is unclear whether associations of immune cells with these disorders are likely to be causal. METHODS We used two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to investigate the relationship between 731 immune cells and the risk of MDD and BD. Rigorous sensitivity analyses are conducted to assess the reliability, heterogeneity, and horizontal pleiotropy of the findings. RESULTS Genetically-predicted CD27 on IgD+ CD38- unswitched memory B cell (inverse variance weighting (IVW): odds ratio (OR) [95 %]: 1.017 [1.007 to 1.027], p = 0.001), CD27 on IgD+ CD24+ B cell (IVW: OR [95 %]: 1.021 [1.011 to 1.031], p = 4.821E-05) and other 12 immune cells were associated with increased risk of MDD in MR, while HLA DR++ monocyte %leukocyte (IVW: OR [95 %]: 0.973 [0.948 to 0.998], p = 0.038), CD4 on Central Memory CD4+ T cell (IVW: OR [95 %]: 0.979 [0.963 to 0.995], p = 0.011) and other 13 immune cells were associated with decreased risk of MDD in MR. Additionally, CD33+ HLA DR+ Absolute Count (IVW: OR [95 %]: 1.022[1.007 to 1.036], p = 0.007), CD28+ CD45RA- CD8+ T cell %T cell (IVW: OR [95 %]: 1.024 [1.008 to 1.041], p = 0.004) and other 18 immune cells were associated with increased risk of BD in MR, while CD62L on CD62L+ myeloid Dendritic Cell (IVW: OR [95 %]: 0.926 [0.871 to 0.985], p = 0.014), IgD- CD27- B cell %lymphocyte (IVW: OR [95 %]: 0.918 [0.880 to 0.956], p = 4.654E-05) and other 13 immune cells were associated with decreased risk of BD in MR. CONCLUSIONS This MR study provides robust evidence supporting a causal relationship between immune cells and the susceptibility to MDD and BD, offering valuable insights for future clinical investigations. Experimental studies are also required to further examine causality, mechanisms, and treatment potential for these immune cells for MDD and BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China; Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Wuchang Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430063, China
| | - San-Wang Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiahao Ding
- Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy Of Medical Sciences) No. 6699, Qingdao Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China; Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Wuchang Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430063, China
| | - Jintao Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China; Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Wuchang Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430063, China
| | - Yingying Dong
- Department of Psychiatry, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Mi
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Yujun Gao
- Clinical and Translational Sciences (CaTS) Lab, The Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China.
| | - Guizhi Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China.
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Kang S, Han M, Park CI, Jung I, Kim E, Jung SJ, Kim SJ, Kang JI. Association between depressive symptoms and cardiovascular diseases in the Korean geriatric population: A nationwide retrospective cohort study. J Affect Disord 2024; 361:182-188. [PMID: 38866251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Depression has emerged as a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, evidence on whether depressive symptoms measured using a self-report questionnaire are associated with CVD incidence is scarce. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between depressive symptoms and CVD risk using data from national health examinations and insurance claim records. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included participants who underwent the Korean National Screening Program for Transitional Ages at age 66 years between 2007 and 2017. The presence of depressive symptoms was defined as affirmative responses to any of three questions (loss of activities and interests, worthlessness, and hopelessness) selected from the Geriatric Depression Scale. Incident composite CVD event included myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, and CVD death. The association between depressive symptoms and CVD risk was evaluated using hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) estimated with Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS Among 88,765 participants (48.5 % women) aged 66 years, 4036 incident CVD events occurred during a mean follow-up of 6.8 years. Participants with depressive symptoms had a significantly higher risk of CVD than those without depressive symptoms (adjusted HR = 1.16 [95 % CI: 1.07-1.24]). The three individual depressive symptoms showed similar associations with CVD risk (loss of activities and interests, adjusted HR = 1.17 [95 % CI: 1.08-1.26]; worthlessness, 1.15 [1.03-1.29]; hopelessness, 1.13 [1.01-1.26]). LIMITATIONS The study was limited to participants aged 66 years. Despite extensive adjustment for potential confounders and multiple sensitivity analyses, residual confounding and reverse causality could not be ruled out. CONCLUSION The presence of depressive symptoms was associated with an increased risk of CVD. Screening for depressive symptoms in the general population may effectively mitigate the burden of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghyuk Kang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyung Han
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Il Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkyung Jung
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunwha Kim
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Jae Jung
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Center for Psychiatry/Global Health and Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Se Joo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jee In Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Dyer GMC, Khomenko S, Adlakha D, Anenberg S, Behnisch M, Boeing G, Esperon-Rodriguez M, Gasparrini A, Khreis H, Kondo MC, Masselot P, McDonald RI, Montana F, Mitchell R, Mueller N, Nawaz MO, Pisoni E, Prieto-Curiel R, Rezaei N, Taubenböck H, Tonne C, Velázquez-Cortés D, Nieuwenhuijsen M. Exploring the nexus of urban form, transport, environment and health in large-scale urban studies: A state-of-the-art scoping review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 257:119324. [PMID: 38844028 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the world becomes increasingly urbanised, there is recognition that public and planetary health relies upon a ubiquitous transition to sustainable cities. Disentanglement of the complex pathways of urban design, environmental exposures, and health, and the magnitude of these associations, remains a challenge. A state-of-the-art account of large-scale urban health studies is required to shape future research priorities and equity- and evidence-informed policies. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this review was to synthesise evidence from large-scale urban studies focused on the interaction between urban form, transport, environmental exposures, and health. This review sought to determine common methodologies applied, limitations, and future opportunities for improved research practice. METHODS Based on a literature search, 2958 articles were reviewed that covered three themes of: urban form; urban environmental health; and urban indicators. Studies were prioritised for inclusion that analysed at least 90 cities to ensure broad geographic representation and generalisability. Of the initially identified studies, following expert consultation and exclusion criteria, 66 were included. RESULTS The complexity of the urban ecosystem on health was evidenced from the context dependent effects of urban form variables on environmental exposures and health. Compact city designs were generally advantageous for reducing harmful environmental exposure and promoting health, with some exceptions. Methodological heterogeneity was indicative of key urban research challenges; notable limitations included exposure and health data at varied spatial scales and resolutions, limited availability of local-level sociodemographic data, and the lack of consensus on robust methodologies that encompass best research practice. CONCLUSION Future urban environmental health research for evidence-informed urban planning and policies requires a multi-faceted approach. Advances in geospatial and AI-driven techniques and urban indicators offer promising developments; however, there remains a wider call for increased data availability at local-levels, transparent and robust methodologies of large-scale urban studies, and greater exploration of urban health vulnerabilities and inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia M C Dyer
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Melchor Fern'andez Almagro, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sasha Khomenko
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Melchor Fern'andez Almagro, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Deepti Adlakha
- Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 5, 2628, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Susan Anenberg
- Environmental and Occupational Health Department, George Washington University, Milken Institute School of Public Health, 20052, New Hampshire Avenue, Washington, District of Colombia, United States
| | - Martin Behnisch
- Leibniz Institute of Ecological Urban and Regional Development, Weberpl 1, 01217, Dresden, Germany
| | - Geoff Boeing
- University of Southern California, 90007, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Manuel Esperon-Rodriguez
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia; School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Antonio Gasparrini
- Environment & Health Modelling (EHM) Lab, Department of Public Health Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, WC1E 7HT, London, United Kingdom
| | - Haneen Khreis
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Cambridge University, CB2 0AH, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle C Kondo
- USDA-Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 100 North 20th Street, Ste 205, 19103, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Pierre Masselot
- Environment & Health Modelling (EHM) Lab, Department of Public Health Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, WC1E 7HT, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert I McDonald
- The Nature Conservancy, 4245 North Fairfax Drive Arlington, 22203, Virginia, United States
| | - Federica Montana
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Melchor Fern'andez Almagro, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rich Mitchell
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, 90 Byres Road, Glasgow, G20 0TY, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Mueller
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Melchor Fern'andez Almagro, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Omar Nawaz
- Environmental and Occupational Health Department, George Washington University, Milken Institute School of Public Health, 20052, New Hampshire Avenue, Washington, District of Colombia, United States
| | - Enrico Pisoni
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 2749, Ispra, Italy
| | | | - Nazanin Rezaei
- University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, 95064, California, United States
| | - Hannes Taubenböck
- German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Earth Observation Center (EOC), 82234, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany; Institute for Geography and Geology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cathryn Tonne
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Melchor Fern'andez Almagro, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Velázquez-Cortés
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Melchor Fern'andez Almagro, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Melchor Fern'andez Almagro, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Ma C, Li X, Mao N, Wang M, Cui C, Jia H, Liu X, Sun Q. Semi-invasive wearable clinic: Solution-processed smart microneedle electronics for next-generation integrated diagnosis and treatment. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 260:116427. [PMID: 38823368 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
The integrated smart electronics for real-time monitoring and personalized therapy of disease-related analytes have been gradually gaining tremendous attention. However, human tissue barriers, including the skin barrier and brain-blood barrier, pose significant challenges for effective biomarker detection and drug delivery. Microneedle (MN) electronics present a promising solution to overcome these tissue barriers due to their semi-invasive structures, enabling effective drug delivery and target-analyte detection without compromising the tissue configuration. Furthermore, MNs can be fabricated through solution processing, facilitating large-scale manufacturing. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the recent three-year advancements in smart MNs development, categorized as follows. First, the solution-processed technology for MNs is introduced, with a focus on various printing technologies. Subsequently, smart MNs designed for sensing, drug delivery, and integrated systems combining diagnosis and treatment are separately summarized. Finally, the prospective and promising applications of next-generation MNs within mediated diagnosis and treatment systems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Thin-Film Technologies, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-nano Molding Technology, School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ning Mao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Thin-Film Technologies, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mengwei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Thin-Film Technologies, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Cancan Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Thin-Film Technologies, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hanyu Jia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Thin-Film Technologies, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xuying Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Thin-Film Technologies, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qingqing Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Thin-Film Technologies, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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Liu RX, Song DK, Zhang YY, Gong HX, Jin YC, Wang XS, Jiang YL, Yan YX, Lu BN, Wu YM, Wang M, Li XB, Zhang K, Liu SB. L-Cysteine: A promising nutritional supplement for alleviating anxiety disorders. Neuroscience 2024; 555:213-221. [PMID: 39089569 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are prevalent chronic psychological disease with complex pathogenic mechanisms. Current anxiolytics have limited efficacy and numerous side effects in many anxiety patients, highlighting the urgent need for new therapies. Recent research has been focusing on nutritional supplements, particularly amino acids, as potential therapies for anxiety disorders. Among these, L-Cysteine plays a crucial role in various biological processes. L-Cysteine exhibits antioxidant properties that can enhance the antioxidant functions of the central nervous system (CNS). Furthermore, metabolites of L-cysteine, such as glutathione and hydrogen sulfide have been shown to alleviate anxiety through distinct molecular mechanisms. Long-term administration of L-Cysteine has anxiolytic, antidepressant, and memory-improving effects. L-Cysteine depletion can lead to increased oxidative stress in the brain. This review delves into the potential mechanisms of L-Cysteine and its main products, glutathione (GSH) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the management of anxiety and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Xia Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Da-Ke Song
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Ying-Ying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Heng-Xin Gong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yu-Chen Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xin-Shang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yong-Li Jiang
- Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xinsi Road 1, Shaanxi, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Bei-Ning Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yu-Mei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xu-Bo Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Shui-Bing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Gomez-Figueroa E, Ruiz-Sandoval JL, De Alba-Sánchez AM, Cárdenas-Sáenz O, Zúñiga-Ramírez C, Amavisca-Espinosa R, Macías-Ortiz F, Jímenez-Ruiz A. Contribution of Stroke to Long-Term All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in Mexico City. Neurology 2024; 103:e209778. [PMID: 39151103 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000209778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Stroke mortality is more common in low-income and middle-income nations such as Mexico. Prognosis data typically rely on short-term hospital follow-ups, revealing high mortality rates due to systemic complications and early recurrence. We aim to explore stroke's long-term impact by examining all-cause and cause-specific mortality. METHODS We analyzed data from the Mexico City Prospective Study (1998-2004) with known mortality outcomes until December 2022. Baseline variables were compared between participants who had stroke and nonstroke participants. Cox proportional hazard regression assessed each variable's contribution to overall mortality. Subsequent analysis within the stroke subgroup aimed to identify unique risk factors of mortality, using Cox regression models adjusted for age, sex, and time since stroke. RESULTS Among 145,537 eligible participants, 1,492 (1.0%) had a history of stroke. Participants who had stroke were older (57.58 vs 50.16, p < 0.001); had lower mean weekly income ($108.24 vs $176.14, p < 0.001); had higher alcohol intake and smoking frequency; and had more frequent comorbidities such as hypertension (48.9 vs 19.3%, p < 0.001), diabetes (23.4 vs 12.9%, p < 0.001), and ischemic heart disease (5.4 vs 1.0%, p < 0.001). They had a significantly increased risk of death from any cause (hazard ratio [HR] 2.59, 95% CI 2.37-2.83, p < 0.001). Deceased participants with stroke were more likely to be male, with a higher prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and abnormal waist-hip index. Stroke increased the risk of death from cardiac (HR 3.56, 95% CI 3.02-4.19, p < 0.001), renal (HR 2.05, 95% CI 1.58-2.66, p < 0.001), and pulmonary (HR 2.29, 95% CI 1.79-2.92, p < 0.001) causes. DISCUSSION This study confirms stroke's association with higher mortality rates, especially from cardiac, renal, and pulmonary causes in Mexico. It underscores the elevated prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities and adverse socioeconomic profiles among participants who had stroke and those who died with a history of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Gomez-Figueroa
- From the Department of Neurology, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde," Jalisco, México
| | - José Luis Ruiz-Sandoval
- From the Department of Neurology, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde," Jalisco, México
| | | | - Omar Cárdenas-Sáenz
- From the Department of Neurology, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde," Jalisco, México
| | - Carlos Zúñiga-Ramírez
- From the Department of Neurology, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde," Jalisco, México
| | - Raúl Amavisca-Espinosa
- From the Department of Neurology, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde," Jalisco, México
| | - Fátima Macías-Ortiz
- From the Department of Neurology, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde," Jalisco, México
| | - Amado Jímenez-Ruiz
- From the Department of Neurology, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde," Jalisco, México
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Jiang Y, Liu P, Qiu Z, Zhou M, Cheng M, Yang T. The U.S. FDA approved cardiovascular drugs from 2011 to 2023: A medicinal chemistry perspective. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 275:116593. [PMID: 38889609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. A total of 28 new molecular entities (NMEs) were approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases from 2011 to 2023. Approximately 25 % of the medications were sanctioned for the management of diverse vascular disorders. The other major therapeutic areas of focus included antilipemic agents (15 %), blood pressure disease (11 %), heart failure, hyperkalemia, and cardiomyopathy (7-8% each). Among all the approved drugs, there are a total of 22 new chemical entities (NCEs), including inhibitors, agonists, polymers, and inorganic compounds. In addition to NCEs, 6 biological agents (BLAs), including monoclonal antibodies, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and antisense oligonucleotides, have also obtained approval for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. From this perspective, approved NCEs are itemized and discussed based on their disease, targets, chemical classes, major drug metabolites, and biochemical and pharmacological properties. Systematic analysis has been conducted to examine the binding modes of these approved drugs with their targets using cocrystal structure information or docking studies to provide valuable insights for designing next-generation agents. Furthermore, the synthetic approaches employed in the creation of these drug molecules have been emphasized, aiming to inspire the development of novel, efficient, and applicable synthetic methodologies. Generally, the primary objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive examination of the clinical applications, pharmacology, binding modes, and synthetic methodologies employed in small-molecule drugs approved for treating CVD. This will facilitate the development of more potent and innovative therapeutics for effectively managing cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhan Jiang
- Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Cardiovascular Surgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Pingxian Liu
- Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhiqiang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mengdi Cheng
- Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Banerjee P, Chau K, Kotla S, Davis EL, Turcios EB, Li S, Pengzhi Z, Wang G, Kolluru GK, Jain A, Cooke JP, Abe J, Le NT. A Potential Role for MAGI-1 in the Bi-Directional Relationship Between Major Depressive Disorder and Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2024; 26:463-483. [PMID: 38958925 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-024-01223-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is characterized by persistent symptoms such as fatigue, loss of interest in activities, feelings of sadness and worthlessness. MDD often coexist with cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet the precise link between these conditions remains unclear. This review explores factors underlying the development of MDD and CVD, including genetic, epigenetic, platelet activation, inflammation, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation, endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. RECENT FINDINGS Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the membrane-associated guanylate kinase WW and PDZ domain-containing protein 1 (MAGI-1) are associated with neuroticism and psychiatric disorders including MDD. SNPs in MAGI-1 are also linked to chronic inflammatory disorders such as spontaneous glomerulosclerosis, celiac disease, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease. Increased MAGI-1 expression has been observed in colonic epithelial samples from Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis patients. MAGI-1 also plays a role in regulating EC activation and atherogenesis in mice and is essential for Influenza A virus (IAV) infection, endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced EC apoptosis, and thrombin-induced EC permeability. Despite being understudied in human disease; evidence suggests that MAGI-1 may play a role in linking CVD and MDD. Therefore, further investigation of MAG-1 could be warranted to elucidate its potential involvement in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Banerjee
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Khanh Chau
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sivareddy Kotla
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eleanor L Davis
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Estefani Berrios Turcios
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shengyu Li
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhang Pengzhi
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Abhishek Jain
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, USA
| | - John P Cooke
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Junichi Abe
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nhat-Tu Le
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
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Zhang H, Ye R, Yang H, Liu Y, Zhao L, Zhao Y, Chen L, Shan L, Xia Y. Long-term noise exposure and cause-specific mortality in chronic respiratory diseases, considering the modifying effect of air pollution. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 282:116740. [PMID: 39024955 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) are among the top three causes of human mortality. The relationship between modifiable environmental risk factor of noise and risk of mortality in CRDs is unclear. We investigated the longitudinal association between environmental noise exposure and cause-specific mortality in individuals with CRDs, considering the modifying effect of air pollution. METHODS Residential noise exposure was modelled using Common Noise Assessment Methods in Europe. Information on death causes were acquired from death registry data. Cox proportional-hazards models were used to estimate effect sizes. RESULTS Among 41,222 participants selected from UK Biobank with CRDs in baseline, a total of 3618 death cases occurred during an average follow-up of 12 years with mortality density of 7.16 per 1000 person years. Exposure with highest noise level (> percentile 90) were associated with 22 % (Hazard ratio [HR] = 1.22, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.05, 1.42), 71 % (HR = 1.71, 95 % CI: 1.14, 2.56), and 84 % (HR = 1.84, 95 % CI: 1.10, 3.07) increased risks for all-cause, respiratory disease (RD)-cause, and COPD-cause mortalities, separately. Both multiplicative and additive interactions was found between air pollution and noise with the risk of RD-cause mortality. Participants with high air pollution and noise exposure were associated with a 101 % (HR = 2.01, 95 % CI: 1.10, 3.66) increased risk of RD-cause mortality. CONCLUSION It is imperative to mitigate noise exposure as a preventive measure against incident mortality in individuals with CRDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hehua Zhang
- Clinical Trials and Translation Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Rui Ye
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Honghao Yang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shenyang, China; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yashu Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shenyang, China; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuhong Zhao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shenyang, China; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liangkai Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lishen Shan
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Yang Xia
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shenyang, China; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Amini-Salehi E, Mahapatro A, Korsapati RR, Korsapati AR, Jain SM, Babaeizad A, Mohammadi S, Rashidian P, Hashemi M, Dave T, Jamilian P, Hassanipour S, Keivanlou MH, Patel D. Exploring the relationship between gut microbiome modulation and blood pressure in type 2 diabetes: An umbrella review. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:2046-2054. [PMID: 38902190 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Given the epidemic proportions of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) globally, it's crucial to comprehensively understand the factors influencing its management. The gut microbiome, known for its influence on various aspects of health, has emerged as a potential regulator of blood pressure in individuals with T2DM. This umbrella review aimed to consolidate the findings of existing meta-analyses investigating the impact of gut microbiome modulation on systolic and diastolic blood pressure in T2DM patients. DATA SYNTHESIS Adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from inception to July 2023. Quality assessment was performed using the AMSTAR2 and GRADE checklists. Statistical analyses were conducted using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) version 3. A total of 6 meta-analyses meeting the inclusion criteria were included. The results revealed a significant association between microbial modulation and diastolic blood pressure (SMD: -0.133; 95% CI: -0.219 to -0.048; P = 0.002). However, the effect of gut microbial modulation on systolic blood pressure did not reach statistical significance (SMD: -0.077; 95% CI: -0.162 to 0.009; P = 0.078). CONCLUSION This study found that modulating the gut microbiome had a statistically significant impact on diastolic blood pressure in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, no significant effect was observed on systolic blood pressure. While high-quality meta-analyses reported favorable outcomes, caution is warranted due to the low clinical importance, diversity in study populations, and variations in interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Amini-Salehi
- Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Shika M Jain
- MVJ Medical College and Research Hospital, Karnataka, India
| | - Ali Babaeizad
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Sina Mohammadi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hashemi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Tirth Dave
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
| | | | - Soheil Hassanipour
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | | | - Dhruvan Patel
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
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Everest L, Tan S, Navaneelan T, Demers PA, DeBono N, Berriault C, Sritharan J. Comparison of internal and external reference populations for occupational cancer surveillance in a cohort drawn from a diverse workforce. Am J Ind Med 2024; 67:865-873. [PMID: 38980251 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Prior analyses of the Occupational Disease Surveillance System (ODSS) have compared cancer rates using internal referent groups. As an exploratory analysis, we sought to estimate cancer risk using general population reference rates to evaluate the impact that the comparison population has on findings from our surveillance program. METHODS A cohort of approximately 2.3 million workers in Ontario, Canada with an accepted lost-time workers' compensation claim were followed for all cancer diagnoses between 1983 and 2018. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for workers in specific occupational groups using (1) all other workers in the ODSS cohort, and (2) the general population of Ontario. RESULTS SIRs using the general population reference group were generally equal to or modestly lower compared to SIRs using the internal reference group. Within occupation groups, SIRs had a discordant direction of association (increased rate in the internal comparison and decreased in the external comparison) for some cancer sites including urinary, prostate, and colorectal. CONCLUSIONS Findings emphasize the importance of the choice of reference group when evaluating cancer risks in large occupational surveillance cohorts. Importantly, the magnitude of confounding and the healthy worker hire bias may depend on the occupation group and cancer site of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Everest
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Ontario Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shirui Tan
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Ontario Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tanya Navaneelan
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Ontario Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul A Demers
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Ontario Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nathan DeBono
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Ontario Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colin Berriault
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Ontario Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeavana Sritharan
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Ontario Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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