451
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Ali H. Emerging Roles for MAS-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptor-X2 in Host Defense Peptide, Opioid, and Neuropeptide-Mediated Inflammatory Reactions. Adv Immunol 2017; 136:123-162. [PMID: 28950944 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are tissue-resident immune cells that contribute to host defense but are best known for their roles in allergic and inflammatory diseases. In humans, MCs are divided into two subtypes based on the protease content of their secretory granules. Thus, human lung MCs contain only tryptase and are known as MCT, whereas skin MCs contain both tryptase and chymase and are known as MCTC. Patients with severe asthma display elevated MCs in the lung, which undergo phenotypic change from MCT to MCTC. Although the human genome contains four Mas related G protein coupled receptor X (MRGPRX) genes, an important feature of MCTC is that they selectively express MRGPRX2. It is activated by antimicrobial host defense peptides such as human β-defensins and the cathelicidin LL-37 and likely contributes to host defense. MRGPRX2 is also a receptor for the neuropeptide substance P, major basic protein, eosinophil peroxidase, opioids, and many FDA-approved cationic drugs. Increased expression of MRGPRX2 or enhanced downstream signaling likely contributes to chronic inflammatory diseases such as rosacea, atopic dermatitis, chronic urticaria, and severe asthma. In this chapter, I will discuss the expression profile and function of MRGPRX1-4 and review the emerging roles of MRGPRX2 on host defense, chronic inflammatory diseases, and drug-induced pseudoallergic reactions. I will also examine the novel aspects of MRGPRX2 signaling in MCs as it related to degranulation and review the mechanisms of its regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hydar Ali
- University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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452
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Zhang G, Cheng J, McCorvy JD, Lorello PJ, Caldarone BJ, Roth BL, Kozikowski AP. Discovery of N-Substituted (2-Phenylcyclopropyl)methylamines as Functionally Selective Serotonin 2C Receptor Agonists for Potential Use as Antipsychotic Medications. J Med Chem 2017; 60:6273-6288. [PMID: 28657744 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A series of N-substituted (2-phenylcyclopropyl)methylamines were designed and synthesized, with the aim of finding serotonin 2C (5-HT2C)-selective agonists with a preference for Gq signaling. A number of these compounds exhibit 5-HT2C selectivity with a preference for Gq-mediated signaling compared with β-arrestin recruitment. Furthermore, the N-methyl compound (+)-15a, which displayed an EC50 of 23 nM in the calcium flux assay while showing no β-arrestin recruitment activity, is the most functionally selective 5-HT2C agonist reported to date. The N-benzyl compound (+)-19, which showed an EC50 of 24 nM at the 5-HT2C receptor, is fully selective over the 5-HT2B receptor. In an amphetamine-induced hyperactivity model, compound (+)-19 showed significant antipsychotic-drug-like activity. These novel compounds shed light on the role of functional selectivity at the 5-HT2C receptor with respect to antipsychotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiping Zhang
- Drug Discovery Program, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- Drug Discovery Program, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - John D McCorvy
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, Department of Pharmacology, and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Paul J Lorello
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Barbara J Caldarone
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Bryan L Roth
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, Department of Pharmacology, and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Alan P Kozikowski
- Drug Discovery Program, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
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453
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Structural insights into the extracellular recognition of the human serotonin 2B receptor by an antibody. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:8223-8228. [PMID: 28716900 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1700891114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies provide an attractive alternative to small-molecule therapies for a wide range of diseases. Given the importance of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) as pharmaceutical targets, there has been an immense interest in developing therapeutic monoclonal antibodies that act on GPCRs. Here we present the 3.0-Å resolution structure of a complex between the human 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B (5-HT2B) receptor and an antibody Fab fragment bound to the extracellular side of the receptor, determined by serial femtosecond crystallography with an X-ray free-electron laser. The antibody binds to a 3D epitope of the receptor that includes all three extracellular loops. The 5-HT2B receptor is captured in a well-defined active-like state, most likely stabilized by the crystal lattice. The structure of the complex sheds light on the mechanism of selectivity in extracellular recognition of GPCRs by monoclonal antibodies.
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454
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A tricyclic antidepressant, amoxapine, reduces amyloid-β generation through multiple serotonin receptor 6-mediated targets. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4983. [PMID: 28694424 PMCID: PMC5504036 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04144-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major and devastating neurodegenerative disease, and the amyloid-β (Aβ) hypothesis is still the central theory for AD pathogenesis. Meanwhile, another major mental illness, depression, is one of the risk factors for AD. From a high-throughput screening (HTS), amoxapine, a typical secondary amine tricyclic antidepressant (TCA), was identified to reduce Aβ production. A follow-up investigation on antidepressants showed that most of the TCAs harbour similar activity. Previous studies have indicated that TCAs improve cognitive function in AD mouse models as well as in preliminary clinical data; however, the underlying mechanism is controversial, and the effect on Aβ is elusive. Thus, we developed a secondary screening to determine the molecular target of amoxapine, and serotonin receptor 6 (HTR6) was identified. Knockdown of HTR6 reduced the amoxapine’s effect, while the HTR6 antagonist SB258585 mimicked the activity of amoxapine. Further mechanistic study showed that amoxapine and SB258585 reduced Aβ generation through multiple HTR6-mediated targets, including β-arrestin2 and CDK5. Taken together, our study suggests that amoxapine, though no longer a first-line drug for the treatment of depression, may be beneficial for AD and further structural modification of TCAs may lead to desirable therapeutic agents to treat both AD and depression.
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455
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Abstract
Clinical studies suggest that diets rich in ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) provide beneficial anti-inflammatory effects, in part through their conversion to bioactive metabolites. Here we report on the endogenous production of a previously unknown class of ω-3 PUFA-derived lipid metabolites that originate from the crosstalk between endocannabinoid and cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenase metabolic pathways. The ω-3 endocannabinoid epoxides are derived from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to form epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid-ethanolamide (EEQ-EA) and epoxydocosapentaenoic acid-ethanolamide (EDP-EA), respectively. Both EEQ-EAs and EDP-EAs are endogenously present in rat brain and peripheral organs as determined via targeted lipidomics methods. These metabolites were directly produced by direct epoxygenation of the ω-3 endocannabinoids, docosahexanoyl ethanolamide (DHEA) and eicosapentaenoyl ethanolamide (EPEA) by activated BV-2 microglial cells, and by human CYP2J2. Neuroinflammation studies revealed that the terminal epoxides 17,18-EEQ-EA and 19,20-EDP-EA dose-dependently abated proinflammatory IL-6 cytokines while increasing anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokines, in part through cannabinoid receptor-2 activation. Furthermore the ω-3 endocannabinoid epoxides 17,18-EEQ-EA and 19,20-EDP-EA exerted antiangiogenic effects in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC) and vasodilatory actions on bovine coronary arteries and reciprocally regulated platelet aggregation in washed human platelets. Taken together, the ω-3 endocannabinoid epoxides' physiological effects are mediated through both endocannabinoid and epoxyeicosanoid signaling pathways. In summary, the ω-3 endocannabinoid epoxides are found at concentrations comparable to those of other endocannabinoids and are expected to play critical roles during inflammation in vivo; thus their identification may aid in the development of therapeutics for neuroinflammatory and cerebrovascular diseases.
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456
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Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors, such as the cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1R), have been shown to interact with multiple binding partners to transmit signals. In both transfected cell systems and in endogenously expressing cell lines, CB1R signaling has been described as multifaceted. The question remains as to how this highly widely expressed receptor signals in a given cell at a given time in vivo. The concept of functional selectivity, or biased agonism, describes the ability of an agonist to engage the receptor in a manner that preferentially engages certain signaling interactions (e.g., G proteins) over others (e.g., β-arrestins), presumably by stabilizing certain receptor conformations. There is growing interest in using such properties of ligands to direct signaling downstream of CB1R toward desirable therapeutic outcomes and to avoid adverse side effects. While it is not currently clear what pathways should be engaged and which should be avoided, the development of biased agonist tool compounds will aid in answering these questions. In this chapter, we discuss the approaches and caveats to assessing biased agonism at the CB1R.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward L Stahl
- The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, United States
| | - Laura M Bohn
- The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, United States.
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457
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Functional and structural consequences of chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 activation with cognate and non-cognate agonists. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 434:143-151. [PMID: 28455789 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3044-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4) regulates cell trafficking and plays important roles in the immune system. Ubiquitin has recently been identified as an endogenous non-cognate agonist of CXCR4, which activates CXCR4 via interaction sites that are distinct from those of the cognate agonist C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12). As compared with CXCL12, chemotactic activities of ubiquitin in primary human cells are poorly characterized. Furthermore, evidence for functional selectivity of CXCR4 agonists is lacking, and structural consequences of ubiquitin binding to CXCR4 are unknown. Here, we show that ubiquitin and CXCL12 have comparable chemotactic activities in normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, monocytes, vascular smooth muscle, and endothelial cells. Chemotactic activities of the CXCR4 ligands could be inhibited with the selective CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 and with a peptide analogue of the second transmembrane domain of CXCR4. In human monocytes, ubiquitin- and CXCL12-induced chemotaxis could be inhibited with pertussis toxin and with inhibitors of phospholipase C, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. Both agonists induced inositol trisphosphate production in vascular smooth muscle cells, which could be inhibited with AMD3100. In β-arrestin recruitment assays, ubiquitin did not sufficiently recruit β-arrestin2 to CXCR4 (EC50 > 10 μM), whereas the EC50 for CXCL12 was 4.6 nM (95% confidence interval 3.1-6.1 nM). Both agonists induced similar chemical shift changes in the 13C-1H-heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectrum of CXCR4 in membranes, whereas CXCL11 did not significantly alter the 13C-1H-HSQC spectrum of CXCR4. Our findings point towards ubiquitin as a biased agonist of CXCR4.
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458
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Zheng Z, Huang XP, Mangano TJ, Zou R, Chen X, Zaidi SA, Roth BL, Stevens RC, Katritch V. Structure-Based Discovery of New Antagonist and Biased Agonist Chemotypes for the Kappa Opioid Receptor. J Med Chem 2017; 60:3070-3081. [PMID: 28339199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing epidemics of opioid overdose raises an urgent need for effective antiaddiction therapies and addiction-free painkillers. The κ-opioid receptor (KOR) has emerged as a promising target for both indications, raising demand for new chemotypes of KOR antagonists as well as G-protein-biased agonists. We employed the crystal structure of the KOR-JDTic complex and ligand-optimized structural templates to perform virtual screening of available compound libraries for new KOR ligands. The prospective virtual screening campaign yielded a high 32% hit rate, identifying novel fragment-like and lead-like chemotypes of KOR ligands. A round of optimization resulted in 11 new submicromolar KOR binders (best Ki = 90 nM). Functional assessment confirmed at least two compounds as potent KOR antagonists, while compound 81 was identified as a potent Gi biased agonist for KOR with minimal β-arrestin recruitment. These results support virtual screening as an effective tool for discovery of new lead chemotypes with therapeutically relevant functional profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zheng
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Saheem A Zaidi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | | | - Raymond C Stevens
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Vsevolod Katritch
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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459
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Temporally precise labeling and control of neuromodulatory circuits in the mammalian brain. Nat Methods 2017; 14:495-503. [PMID: 28369042 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.4234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Few tools exist to visualize and manipulate neurons that are targets of neuromodulators. We present iTango, a light- and ligand-gated gene expression system based on a light-inducible split tobacco etch virus protease. Cells expressing the iTango system exhibit increased expression of a marker gene in the presence of dopamine and blue-light exposure, both in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrated the iTango system in a behaviorally relevant context, by inducing expression of optogenetic tools in neurons under dopaminergic control during a behavior of interest. We thereby gained optogenetic control of these behaviorally relevant neurons. We applied the iTango system to decipher the roles of two classes of dopaminergic neurons in the mouse nucleus accumbens in a sensitized locomotor response to cocaine. Thus, the iTango platform allows for control of neuromodulatory circuits in a genetically and functionally defined manner with spatial and temporal precision.
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460
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Dupuis N, Laschet C, Franssen D, Szpakowska M, Gilissen J, Geubelle P, Soni A, Parent AS, Pirotte B, Chevigné A, Twizere JC, Hanson J. Activation of the Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptor GPR27 by Surrogate Ligands Promotes β-Arrestin 2 Recruitment. Mol Pharmacol 2017; 91:595-608. [PMID: 28314853 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.107714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors are the most important drug targets for human diseases. An important number of them remain devoid of confirmed ligands. GPR27 is one of these orphan receptors, characterized by a high level of conservation among vertebrates and a predominant expression in the central nervous system. In addition, it has recently been linked to insulin secretion. However, the absence of endogenous or surrogate ligands for GPR27 complicates the examination of its biologic function. Our aim was to validate GPR27 signaling pathways, and therefore we sought to screen a diversity-oriented synthesis library to identify GPR27-specific surrogate agonists. To select an optimal screening assay, we investigated GPR27 ligand-independent activity. Both in G protein-mediated pathways and in β-arrestin 2 recruitment, no ligand-independent activity could be measured. However, we observed a recruitment of β-arrestin 2 to a GPR27V2 chimera in the presence of membrane-anchored G protein-coupled receptor kinase-2. Therefore, we optimized a firefly luciferase complementation assay to screen against this chimeric receptor. We identified two compounds [N-[4-(anilinocarbonyl)phenyl]-2,4-dichlorobenzamide (ChemBridge, San Diego, CA; ID5128535) and 2,4-dichloro-N-{4-[(1,3-thiazol-2-ylamino)sulfonyl]phenyl}benzamide (ChemBridge ID5217941)] sharing a N-phenyl-2,4-dichlorobenzamide scaffold, which were selective for GPR27 over its closely related family members GPR85 and GPR173. The specificity of the activity was confirmed with a NanoLuc Binary Technology β-arrestin 2 assay, imaging of green fluorescent protein-tagged β-arrestin 2, and PathHunter β-arrestin 2 assay. Interestingly, no G protein activation was detected upon activation of GPR27 by these compounds. Our study provides the first selective surrogate agonists for the orphan GPR27.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Dupuis
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (N.D., C.L., J.G., P.G., A.S., J.H.), Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (N.D., B.P., J.H.), Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences (D.F., A.-S.P.), Laboratory of Protein Signaling and Interactions, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (J.-C.T.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; and Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg (M.S., A.C.)
| | - Céline Laschet
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (N.D., C.L., J.G., P.G., A.S., J.H.), Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (N.D., B.P., J.H.), Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences (D.F., A.-S.P.), Laboratory of Protein Signaling and Interactions, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (J.-C.T.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; and Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg (M.S., A.C.)
| | - Delphine Franssen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (N.D., C.L., J.G., P.G., A.S., J.H.), Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (N.D., B.P., J.H.), Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences (D.F., A.-S.P.), Laboratory of Protein Signaling and Interactions, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (J.-C.T.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; and Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg (M.S., A.C.)
| | - Martyna Szpakowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (N.D., C.L., J.G., P.G., A.S., J.H.), Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (N.D., B.P., J.H.), Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences (D.F., A.-S.P.), Laboratory of Protein Signaling and Interactions, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (J.-C.T.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; and Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg (M.S., A.C.)
| | - Julie Gilissen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (N.D., C.L., J.G., P.G., A.S., J.H.), Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (N.D., B.P., J.H.), Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences (D.F., A.-S.P.), Laboratory of Protein Signaling and Interactions, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (J.-C.T.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; and Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg (M.S., A.C.)
| | - Pierre Geubelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (N.D., C.L., J.G., P.G., A.S., J.H.), Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (N.D., B.P., J.H.), Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences (D.F., A.-S.P.), Laboratory of Protein Signaling and Interactions, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (J.-C.T.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; and Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg (M.S., A.C.)
| | - Arvind Soni
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (N.D., C.L., J.G., P.G., A.S., J.H.), Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (N.D., B.P., J.H.), Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences (D.F., A.-S.P.), Laboratory of Protein Signaling and Interactions, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (J.-C.T.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; and Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg (M.S., A.C.)
| | - Anne-Simone Parent
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (N.D., C.L., J.G., P.G., A.S., J.H.), Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (N.D., B.P., J.H.), Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences (D.F., A.-S.P.), Laboratory of Protein Signaling and Interactions, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (J.-C.T.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; and Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg (M.S., A.C.)
| | - Bernard Pirotte
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (N.D., C.L., J.G., P.G., A.S., J.H.), Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (N.D., B.P., J.H.), Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences (D.F., A.-S.P.), Laboratory of Protein Signaling and Interactions, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (J.-C.T.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; and Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg (M.S., A.C.)
| | - Andy Chevigné
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (N.D., C.L., J.G., P.G., A.S., J.H.), Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (N.D., B.P., J.H.), Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences (D.F., A.-S.P.), Laboratory of Protein Signaling and Interactions, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (J.-C.T.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; and Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg (M.S., A.C.)
| | - Jean-Claude Twizere
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (N.D., C.L., J.G., P.G., A.S., J.H.), Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (N.D., B.P., J.H.), Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences (D.F., A.-S.P.), Laboratory of Protein Signaling and Interactions, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (J.-C.T.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; and Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg (M.S., A.C.)
| | - Julien Hanson
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (N.D., C.L., J.G., P.G., A.S., J.H.), Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (N.D., B.P., J.H.), Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences (D.F., A.-S.P.), Laboratory of Protein Signaling and Interactions, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (J.-C.T.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; and Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg (M.S., A.C.)
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461
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Porter-Stransky KA, Weinshenker D. Arresting the Development of Addiction: The Role of β-Arrestin 2 in Drug Abuse. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 361:341-348. [PMID: 28302862 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.240622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein β-arrestin (βarr) 2 directly interacts with receptors and signaling pathways that mediate the behavioral effects of drugs of abuse, making it a prime candidate for therapeutic interventions. βarr2 drives desensitization and internalization of G protein-coupled receptors, including dopamine, opioid, and cannabinoid receptors, and it can also trigger G protein-independent intracellular signaling. βarr2 mediates several drug-induced behaviors, but the relationship is complex and dependent on the type of behavior (e.g., psychomotor versus reward), the class of drug (e.g., psychostimulant versus opioid), and the circuit being interrogated (e.g., brain region, cell type, and specific receptor ligand). Here we discuss the current state of research concerning the contribution of βarr2 to the psychomotor and rewarding effects of addictive drugs. Next we identify key knowledge gaps and suggest new tools and approaches needed to further elucidate the neuroanatomical substrates and neurobiological mechanisms to explain how βarr2 modulates behavioral responses to drugs of abuse, as well as its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Weinshenker
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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462
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In silico design of novel probes for the atypical opioid receptor MRGPRX2. Nat Chem Biol 2017; 13:529-536. [PMID: 28288109 PMCID: PMC5391270 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The primate-exclusive MRGPRX2 G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) has been suggested to modulate pain and itch. Despite putative peptide and small molecule MRGPRX2 agonists, selective nanomolar potency probes have not yet been reported. To identify a MRGPRX2 probe, we first screened 5,695 small molecules and found many opioid compounds activated MRGPRX2, including (−)- and (+)-morphine, hydrocodone, sinomenine, dextromethorphan and the prodynorphin-derived peptides, dynorphin A, dynorphin B, and α- and β-neoendorphin. We used these to select for mutagenesis-validated homology models and docked almost 4 million small molecules. From this docking, we predicted ZINC-3573, which represents a potent MRGPRX2-selective agonist, showing little activity against 315 other GPCRs and 97 representative kinases, and an essentially inactive enantiomer. ZINC-3573 activates endogenous MRGPRX2 in a human mast cell line inducing degranulation and calcium release. MRGPRX2 is a unique atypical opioid-like receptor important for modulating mast cell degranulation, which can now be specifically modulated with ZINC-3573.
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463
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Inhibition of α9α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors prevents chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E1825-E1832. [PMID: 28223528 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1621433114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioids are first-line drugs for moderate to severe acute pain and cancer pain. However, these medications are associated with severe side effects, and whether they are efficacious in treatment of chronic nonmalignant pain remains controversial. Medications that act through alternative molecular mechanisms are critically needed. Antagonists of α9α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have been proposed as an important nonopioid mechanism based on studies demonstrating prevention of neuropathology after trauma-induced nerve injury. However, the key α9α10 ligands characterized to date are at least two orders of magnitude less potent on human vs. rodent nAChRs, limiting their translational application. Furthermore, an alternative proposal that these ligands achieve their beneficial effects by acting as agonists of GABAB receptors has caused confusion over whether blockade of α9α10 nAChRs is the fundamental underlying mechanism. To address these issues definitively, we developed RgIA4, a peptide that exhibits high potency for both human and rodent α9α10 nAChRs, and was at least 1,000-fold more selective for α9α10 nAChRs vs. all other molecular targets tested, including opioid and GABAB receptors. A daily s.c. dose of RgIA4 prevented chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain in rats. In wild-type mice, oxaliplatin treatment produced cold allodynia that could be prevented by RgIA4. Additionally, in α9 KO mice, chemotherapy-induced development of cold allodynia was attenuated and the milder, temporary cold allodynia was not relieved by RgIA4. These findings establish blockade of α9-containing nAChRs as the basis for the efficacy of RgIA4, and that α9-containing nAChRs are a critical target for prevention of chronic cancer chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain.
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Wacker D, Wang S, McCorvy JD, Betz RM, Venkatakrishnan AJ, Levit A, Lansu K, Schools ZL, Che T, Nichols DE, Shoichet BK, Dror RO, Roth BL. Crystal Structure of an LSD-Bound Human Serotonin Receptor. Cell 2017; 168:377-389.e12. [PMID: 28129538 PMCID: PMC5289311 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The prototypical hallucinogen LSD acts via serotonin receptors, and here we describe the crystal structure of LSD in complex with the human serotonin receptor 5-HT2B. The complex reveals conformational rearrangements to accommodate LSD, providing a structural explanation for the conformational selectivity of LSD's key diethylamide moiety. LSD dissociates exceptionally slow from both 5-HT2BR and 5-HT2AR-a major target for its psychoactivity. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations suggest that LSD's slow binding kinetics may be due to a "lid" formed by extracellular loop 2 (EL2) at the entrance to the binding pocket. A mutation predicted to increase the mobility of this lid greatly accelerates LSD's binding kinetics and selectively dampens LSD-mediated β-arrestin2 recruitment. This study thus reveals an unexpected binding mode of LSD; illuminates key features of its kinetics, stereochemistry, and signaling; and provides a molecular explanation for LSD's actions at human serotonin receptors. PAPERCLIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wacker
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA.
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA
| | - John D McCorvy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA
| | - Robin M Betz
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - A J Venkatakrishnan
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anat Levit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158-2280, USA
| | - Katherine Lansu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA
| | - Zachary L Schools
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA
| | - Tao Che
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA
| | - David E Nichols
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7360, USA
| | - Brian K Shoichet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158-2280, USA
| | - Ron O Dror
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Bryan L Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA; Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7360, USA; National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (NIMH PDSP), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA.
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465
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Van de Bittner GC, Riley MM, Cao L, Ehses J, Herrick SP, Ricq EL, Wey HY, O’Neill MJ, Ahmed Z, Murray TK, Smith JE, Wang C, Schroeder FA, Albers MW, Hooker JM. Nasal neuron PET imaging quantifies neuron generation and degeneration. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:681-694. [PMID: 28112682 PMCID: PMC5272198 DOI: 10.1172/jci89162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Olfactory dysfunction is broadly associated with neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases and predicts increased mortality rates in healthy individuals. Conventional measurements of olfactory health assess odor processing pathways within the brain and provide a limited understanding of primary odor detection. Quantification of the olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), which detect odors within the nasal cavity, would provide insight into the etiology of olfactory dysfunction associated with disease and mortality. Notably, OSNs are continually replenished by adult neurogenesis in mammals, including humans, so OSN measurements are primed to provide specialized insights into neurological disease. Here, we have evaluated a PET radiotracer, [11C]GV1-57, that specifically binds mature OSNs and quantifies the mature OSN population in vivo. [11C]GV1-57 monitored native OSN population dynamics in rodents, detecting OSN generation during postnatal development and aging-associated neurodegeneration. [11C]GV1-57 additionally measured rates of neuron regeneration after acute injury and early-stage OSN deficits in a rodent tauopathy model of neurodegenerative disease. Preliminary assessment in nonhuman primates suggested maintained uptake and saturable binding of [18F]GV1-57 in primate nasal epithelium, supporting its translational potential. Future applications for GV1-57 include monitoring additional diseases or conditions associated with olfactory dysregulation, including cognitive decline, as well as monitoring effects of neuroregenerative or neuroprotective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Misha M. Riley
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, and
| | - Luxiang Cao
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Janina Ehses
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, and
| | - Scott P. Herrick
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emily L. Ricq
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, and
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hsiao-Ying Wey
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, and
| | - Michael J. O’Neill
- Eli Lilly and Co. Ltd., Lilly Research Centre, Erl Wood Manor, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Zeshan Ahmed
- Eli Lilly and Co. Ltd., Lilly Research Centre, Erl Wood Manor, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Tracey K. Murray
- Eli Lilly and Co. Ltd., Lilly Research Centre, Erl Wood Manor, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Jaclyn E. Smith
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, and
| | - Changning Wang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, and
| | | | - Mark W. Albers
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jacob M. Hooker
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, and
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466
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Charest-Morin X, Bachelard H, Jean M, Marceau F. Species-specific pharmacology of maximakinin, an amphibian homologue of bradykinin: putative prodrug activity at the human B 2 receptor and peptidase resistance in rats. PeerJ 2017; 5:e2911. [PMID: 28133580 PMCID: PMC5248581 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Maximakinin (MK), an amphibian peptide possessing the C-terminal sequence of bradykinin (BK), is a BK B2 receptor (B2R) agonist eliciting prolonged signaling. We reinvestigated this 19-mer for species-specific pharmacologic profile, in vivo confirmation of resistance to inactivation by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), value as a module for the design of fusion proteins that bind to the B2R in mammalian species and potential activity as a histamine releaser. Competition of the binding of [3H]BK to recombinant human myc-B2Rs in cells that express these receptors revealed that MK possessed a tenuous fraction (<0.1%) of the affinity of BK, despite being only ∼20-fold less potent than BK in a contractility assay based on the human isolated umbilical vein. These findings are reconciled by the generation of C-terminal fragments, like Lys-Gly-Pro-BK and Gly-Pro-BK, when the latent MK is incubated with human venous tissue (LC-MS), supporting activation via hydrolysis upstream of the BK sequence. At the rat recombinant myc-B2R, MK had a lesser affinity than that of BK, but with a narrower margin (6.2-fold, radioligand binding competition). Accordingly, MK (10 nM) stimulated calcium transients in cells that expressed the rat receptors, but not the human B2R. Recombinant MRGPRX2, a receptor that mediates cationic peptide-induced mast cell secretion, minimally responded by increased [Ca+2]i to MK at 10 µM. Enhanced green fluorescent protein fused to MK (EGFP-MK) labeled cells that expressed rat, but not human B2Rs. Intravenous MK induced dose-dependent hypotensive, vasodilator and tachycardic responses in anesthetized rats and the effects were antagonized by pretreatment with icatibant but not modified by pyrilamine or enalaprilat. Strong species-specific responses to the toxin-derived peptide MK and its prodrug status in the isolated human vein were evidenced. Accordingly, MK in the EGFP-MK fusion protein is a pharmacophore module that confers affinity for the rat B2R, but not for the human form of the B2R. MK is unlikely to be an efficient mast cell activator, but its resistance to inactivation by ACE was confirmed in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Charest-Morin
- Axe Microbiologie-Infectiologie et Immunologie, CHU de Québec-Université Laval and Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Hélène Bachelard
- Axe endocrinologie et néphrologie, CHU de Québec-Université Laval and Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Melissa Jean
- Axe endocrinologie et néphrologie, CHU de Québec-Université Laval and Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Francois Marceau
- Axe Microbiologie-Infectiologie et Immunologie, CHU de Québec-Université Laval and Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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467
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Dyson JM, Conduit SE, Feeney SJ, Hakim S, DiTommaso T, Fulcher AJ, Sriratana A, Ramm G, Horan KA, Gurung R, Wicking C, Smyth I, Mitchell CA. INPP5E regulates phosphoinositide-dependent cilia transition zone function. J Cell Biol 2016; 216:247-263. [PMID: 27998989 PMCID: PMC5223597 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201511055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyson et al. demonstrate that the inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase INPP5E is essential for Hedgehog-dependent embryonic development. By regulating PI(4,5)P2 and PI(3,4,5)P3 signals at cilia, INPP5E contributes to cilia transition zone function and thereby Smoothened accumulation at cilia. Human ciliopathies, including Joubert syndrome (JBTS), arise from cilia dysfunction. The inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase INPP5E localizes to cilia and is mutated in JBTS. Murine Inpp5e ablation is embryonically lethal and recapitulates JBTS, including neural tube defects and polydactyly; however, the underlying defects in cilia signaling and the function of INPP5E at cilia are still emerging. We report Inpp5e−/− embryos exhibit aberrant Hedgehog-dependent patterning with reduced Hedgehog signaling. Using mouse genetics, we show increasing Hedgehog signaling via Smoothened M2 expression rescues some Inpp5e−/− ciliopathy phenotypes and “normalizes” Hedgehog signaling. INPP5E’s phosphoinositide substrates PI(4,5)P2 and PI(3,4,5)P3 accumulated at the transition zone (TZ) in Hedgehog-stimulated Inpp5e−/− cells, which was associated with reduced recruitment of TZ scaffolding proteins and reduced Smoothened levels at cilia. Expression of wild-type, but not 5-phosphatase-dead, INPP5E restored TZ molecular organization and Smoothened accumulation at cilia. Therefore, we identify INPP5E as an essential point of convergence between Hedgehog and phosphoinositide signaling at cilia that maintains TZ function and Hedgehog-dependent embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Dyson
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Sarah E Conduit
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Sandra J Feeney
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Sandra Hakim
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Tia DiTommaso
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Alex J Fulcher
- Monash Micro Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Absorn Sriratana
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Georg Ramm
- Monash Micro Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Kristy A Horan
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Rajendra Gurung
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Carol Wicking
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ian Smyth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Development and Stem Cells Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Christina A Mitchell
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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468
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Orphan receptor ligand discovery by pickpocketing pharmacological neighbors. Nat Chem Biol 2016; 13:235-242. [PMID: 27992882 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the pharmacological similarity of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is paramount for predicting ligand off-target effects, drug repurposing, and ligand discovery for orphan receptors. Phylogenetic relationships do not always correctly capture pharmacological similarity. Previous family-wide attempts to define pharmacological relationships were based on three-dimensional structures and/or known receptor-ligand pairings, both unavailable for orphan GPCRs. Here, we present GPCR-CoINPocket, a novel contact-informed neighboring pocket metric of GPCR binding-site similarity that is informed by patterns of ligand-residue interactions observed in crystallographically characterized GPCRs. GPCR-CoINPocket is applicable to receptors with unknown structure or ligands and accurately captures known pharmacological relationships between GPCRs, even those undetected by phylogeny. When applied to orphan receptor GPR37L1, GPCR-CoINPocket identified its pharmacological neighbors, and transfer of their pharmacology aided in discovery of the first surrogate ligands for this orphan with a 30% success rate. Although primarily designed for GPCRs, the method is easily transferable to other protein families.
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469
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Chen X, McCorvy JD, Fischer MG, Butler KV, Shen Y, Roth BL, Jin J. Discovery of G Protein-Biased D2 Dopamine Receptor Partial Agonists. J Med Chem 2016; 59:10601-10618. [PMID: 27805392 PMCID: PMC5148701 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Biased ligands (also known as functionally selective ligands) of G protein-coupled receptors are valuable tools for dissecting the roles of G protein-dependent and independent signaling pathways in health and disease. Biased ligands have also been increasingly pursued by the biomedical community as promising therapeutics with improved efficacy and reduced side effects compared with unbiased ligands. We previously discovered first-in-class β-arrestin-biased agonists of dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) by extensively exploring multiple regions of aripiprazole, a balanced D2R agonist. In our continuing efforts to identify biased agonists of D2R, we unexpectedly discovered a G protein-biased agonist of D2R, compound 1, which is the first G protein-biased D2R agonist from the aripiprazole scaffold. We designed and synthesized novel analogues to explore two regions of 1 and conducted structure-functional selectivity relationship (SFSR) studies. Here we report the discovery of 1, findings from our SFSR studies, and characterization of novel G protein-biased D2R agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - John D. McCorvy
- Department of Pharmacology and National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Matthew G. Fischer
- Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Kyle V. Butler
- Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Yudao Shen
- Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Bryan L. Roth
- Department of Pharmacology and National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Jian Jin
- Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10029, USA
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470
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Boroda S, Niccum M, Raje V, Purow BW, Harris TE. Dual activities of ritanserin and R59022 as DGKα inhibitors and serotonin receptor antagonists. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 123:29-39. [PMID: 27974147 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinase alpha (DGKα) catalyzes the conversion of diacylglycerol (DAG) to phosphatidic acid (PA). Recently, DGKα was identified as a therapeutic target in various cancers, as well as in immunotherapy. Application of small-molecule DGK inhibitors, R59022 and R59949, induces cancer cell death in vitro and in vivo. The pharmacokinetics of these compounds in mice, however, are poor. Thus, there is a need to discover additional DGK inhibitors not only to validate these enzymes as targets in oncology, but also to achieve a better understanding of their biology. In the present study, we investigate the activity of ritanserin, a compound structurally similar to R59022, against DGKα. Ritanserin, originally characterized as a serotonin (5-HT) receptor (5-HTR) antagonist, underwent clinical trials as a potential medicine for the treatment of schizophrenia and substance dependence. We document herein that ritanserin attenuates DGKα kinase activity while increasing the enzyme's affinity for ATP in vitro. In addition, R59022 and ritanserin function as DGKα inhibitors in cultured cells and activate protein kinase C (PKC). While recognizing that ritanserin attenuates DGK activity, we also find that R59022 and R59949 are 5-HTR antagonists. In conclusion, ritanserin, R59022 and R59949 are combined pharmacological inhibitors of DGKα and 5-HTRs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salome Boroda
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Maria Niccum
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Vidisha Raje
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Benjamin W Purow
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
| | - Thurl E Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
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471
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Cheng J, McCorvy JD, Giguere PM, Zhu H, Kenakin T, Roth BL, Kozikowski AP. Design and Discovery of Functionally Selective Serotonin 2C (5-HT 2C) Receptor Agonists. J Med Chem 2016; 59:9866-9880. [PMID: 27726356 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of the structural similarity of our previous 5-HT2C agonists with the melatonin receptor agonist tasimelteon and the putative biological cross-talk between serotonergic and melatonergic systems, a series of new (2,3-dihydro)benzofuran-based compounds were designed and synthesized. The compounds were evaluated for their selectivity toward 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C receptors in the calcium flux assay with the ultimate goal to generate selective 5-HT2C agonists. Selected compounds were studied for their functional selectivity by comparing their transduction efficiency at the G protein signaling pathway versus β-arrestin recruitment. The most functionally selective compound (+)-7e produced weak β-arrestin recruitment and also demonstrated less receptor desensitization compared to serotonin in both calcium flux and phosphoinositide (PI) hydrolysis assays. We report for the first time that selective 5-HT2C agonists possessing weak β-arrestin recruitment can produce distinct receptor desensitization properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Cheng
- Drug Discovery Program, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alan P Kozikowski
- Drug Discovery Program, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
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472
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Sato S, Huang XP, Kroeze WK, Roth BL. Discovery and Characterization of Novel GPR39 Agonists Allosterically Modulated by Zinc. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 90:726-737. [PMID: 27754899 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.106112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we identified two previously described kinase inhibitors-3-(4-chloro-2-fluorobenzyl)-2-methyl-N-(3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-8-(morpholinomethyl)imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazin-6-amine (LY2784544) and 1H-benzimidazole-4-carboxylic acid, 2-methyl-1-[[2-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]-6-(4-morpholinyl)- (GSK2636771)-as novel GPR39 agonists by unbiased small-molecule-based screening using a β-arrestin recruitment screening approach (PRESTO-Tango). We characterized the signaling of LY2784544 and GSK2636771 and compared their signaling patterns with a previously described "GPR39-selective" agonist N-[3-chloro-4-[[[2-(methylamino)-6-(2-pyridinyl)-4- pyrimidinyl]amino]methyl]phenyl]methanesulfonamide (GPR39-C3) at both canonical and noncanonical signaling pathways. Unexpectedly, all three compounds displayed probe-dependent and pathway-dependent allosteric modulation by concentrations of zinc reported to be physiologic. LY2784544 and GS2636771 at GPR39 in the presence of zinc were generally as potent or more potent than their reported activities against kinases in whole-cell assays. These findings reveal an unexpected role of zinc as an allosteric potentiator of small-molecule-induced activation of GPR39 and expand the list of potential kinase off-targets to include understudied G protein-coupled receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Sato
- Department of Pharmacology (S.S., X.-P.H., W.K.K., B.L.R.) and National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (X.-P.H., B.L.R.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Xi-Ping Huang
- Department of Pharmacology (S.S., X.-P.H., W.K.K., B.L.R.) and National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (X.-P.H., B.L.R.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Wesley K Kroeze
- Department of Pharmacology (S.S., X.-P.H., W.K.K., B.L.R.) and National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (X.-P.H., B.L.R.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Bryan L Roth
- Department of Pharmacology (S.S., X.-P.H., W.K.K., B.L.R.) and National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (X.-P.H., B.L.R.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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473
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Ngo T, Kufareva I, Coleman JL, Graham RM, Abagyan R, Smith NJ. Identifying ligands at orphan GPCRs: current status using structure-based approaches. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:2934-51. [PMID: 26837045 PMCID: PMC5341249 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
GPCRs are the most successful pharmaceutical targets in history. Nevertheless, the pharmacology of many GPCRs remains inaccessible as their endogenous or exogenous modulators have not been discovered. Tools that explore the physiological functions and pharmacological potential of these 'orphan' GPCRs, whether they are endogenous and/or surrogate ligands, are therefore of paramount importance. Rates of receptor deorphanization determined by traditional reverse pharmacology methods have slowed, indicating a need for the development of more sophisticated and efficient ligand screening approaches. Here, we discuss the use of structure-based ligand discovery approaches to identify small molecule modulators for exploring the function of orphan GPCRs. These studies have been buoyed by the growing number of GPCR crystal structures solved in the past decade, providing a broad range of template structures for homology modelling of orphans. This review discusses the methods used to establish the appropriate signalling assays to test orphan receptor activity and provides current examples of structure-based methods used to identify ligands of orphan GPCRs. Linked Articles This article is part of a themed section on Molecular Pharmacology of G Protein-Coupled Receptors. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v173.20/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Ngo
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Irina Kufareva
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - James Lj Coleman
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert M Graham
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Ruben Abagyan
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nicola J Smith
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.
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474
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Manglik A, Lin H, Aryal DK, McCorvy JD, Dengler D, Corder G, Levit A, Kling RC, Bernat V, Hübner H, Huang XP, Sassano MF, Giguère PM, Löber S, Da Duan, Scherrer G, Kobilka BK, Gmeiner P, Roth BL, Shoichet BK. Structure-based discovery of opioid analgesics with reduced side effects. Nature 2016; 537:185-190. [PMID: 27533032 PMCID: PMC5161585 DOI: 10.1038/nature19112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 682] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Morphine is an alkaloid from the opium poppy used to treat pain. The potentially lethal side effects of morphine and related opioids-which include fatal respiratory depression-are thought to be mediated by μ-opioid-receptor (μOR) signalling through the β-arrestin pathway or by actions at other receptors. Conversely, G-protein μOR signalling is thought to confer analgesia. Here we computationally dock over 3 million molecules against the μOR structure and identify new scaffolds unrelated to known opioids. Structure-based optimization yields PZM21-a potent Gi activator with exceptional selectivity for μOR and minimal β-arrestin-2 recruitment. Unlike morphine, PZM21 is more efficacious for the affective component of analgesia versus the reflexive component and is devoid of both respiratory depression and morphine-like reinforcing activity in mice at equi-analgesic doses. PZM21 thus serves as both a probe to disentangle μOR signalling and a therapeutic lead that is devoid of many of the side effects of current opioids.
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MESH Headings
- Analgesia/methods
- Analgesics, Opioid/adverse effects
- Analgesics, Opioid/chemistry
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Animals
- Drug Discovery
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/metabolism
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Molecular Docking Simulation
- Pain/drug therapy
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/deficiency
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/genetics
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Spiro Compounds/pharmacology
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Thiophenes/adverse effects
- Thiophenes/chemistry
- Thiophenes/pharmacology
- Urea/adverse effects
- Urea/analogs & derivatives
- Urea/chemistry
- Urea/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashish Manglik
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Henry Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Dipendra K Aryal
- Department of Pharmacology, UNC Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - John D McCorvy
- Department of Pharmacology, UNC Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - Daniela Dengler
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gregory Corder
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Neurosurgery, Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Anat Levit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Ralf C Kling
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
- Institut für Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Paracelsus Medical University, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Viachaslau Bernat
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Hübner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Xi-Ping Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, UNC Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - Maria F Sassano
- Department of Pharmacology, UNC Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - Patrick M Giguère
- Department of Pharmacology, UNC Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - Stefan Löber
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Da Duan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Grégory Scherrer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Neurosurgery, Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Brian K Kobilka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bryan L Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, UNC Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - Brian K Shoichet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
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475
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Characterization of the interaction between the dopamine D4 receptor, KLHL12 and β-arrestins. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1001-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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476
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Can A, Zanos P, Moaddel R, Kang HJ, Dossou KSS, Wainer IW, Cheer JF, Frost DO, Huang XP, Gould TD. Effects of Ketamine and Ketamine Metabolites on Evoked Striatal Dopamine Release, Dopamine Receptors, and Monoamine Transporters. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 359:159-70. [PMID: 27469513 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.235838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Following administration at subanesthetic doses, (R,S)-ketamine (ketamine) induces rapid and robust relief from symptoms of depression in treatment-refractory depressed patients. Previous studies suggest that ketamine's antidepressant properties involve enhancement of dopamine (DA) neurotransmission. Ketamine is rapidly metabolized to (2S,6S)- and (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine (HNK), which have antidepressant actions independent of N-methyl-d-aspartate glutamate receptor inhibition. These antidepressant actions of (2S,6S;2R,6R)-HNK, or other metabolites, as well as ketamine's side effects, including abuse potential, may be related to direct effects on components of the dopaminergic (DAergic) system. Here, brain and blood distribution/clearance and pharmacodynamic analyses at DA receptors (D1-D5) and the DA, norepinephrine, and serotonin transporters were assessed for ketamine and its major metabolites (norketamine, dehydronorketamine, and HNKs). Additionally, we measured electrically evoked mesolimbic DA release and decay using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry following acute administration of subanesthetic doses of ketamine (2, 10, and 50 mg/kg, i.p.). Following ketamine injection, ketamine, norketamine, and multiple hydroxynorketamines were detected in the plasma and brain of mice. Dehydronorketamine was detectable in plasma, but concentrations were below detectable limits in the brain. Ketamine did not alter the magnitude or kinetics of evoked DA release in the nucleus accumbens in anesthetized mice. Neither ketamine's enantiomers nor its metabolites had affinity for DA receptors or the DA, noradrenaline, and serotonin transporters (up to 10 μM). These results suggest that neither the side effects nor antidepressant actions of ketamine or ketamine metabolites are associated with direct effects on mesolimbic DAergic neurotransmission. Previously observed in vivo changes in DAergic neurotransmission following ketamine administration are likely indirect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adem Can
- Department of Psychiatry (A.C., P.Z., J.F.C., D.O.F., T.D.G.), Department of Pharmacology (D.O.F, T.D.G), and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (J.F.C, T.D.G), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Psychology, Notre Dame of Maryland University, Baltimore, Maryland (A.C.); Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (R.M., K.S.S.D., I.W.W.); National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (H.J.K., X.-P.H.); and Mitchell Woods Pharmaceuticals, Shelton, Connecticut (I.W.W.)
| | - Panos Zanos
- Department of Psychiatry (A.C., P.Z., J.F.C., D.O.F., T.D.G.), Department of Pharmacology (D.O.F, T.D.G), and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (J.F.C, T.D.G), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Psychology, Notre Dame of Maryland University, Baltimore, Maryland (A.C.); Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (R.M., K.S.S.D., I.W.W.); National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (H.J.K., X.-P.H.); and Mitchell Woods Pharmaceuticals, Shelton, Connecticut (I.W.W.)
| | - Ruin Moaddel
- Department of Psychiatry (A.C., P.Z., J.F.C., D.O.F., T.D.G.), Department of Pharmacology (D.O.F, T.D.G), and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (J.F.C, T.D.G), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Psychology, Notre Dame of Maryland University, Baltimore, Maryland (A.C.); Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (R.M., K.S.S.D., I.W.W.); National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (H.J.K., X.-P.H.); and Mitchell Woods Pharmaceuticals, Shelton, Connecticut (I.W.W.)
| | - Hye Jin Kang
- Department of Psychiatry (A.C., P.Z., J.F.C., D.O.F., T.D.G.), Department of Pharmacology (D.O.F, T.D.G), and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (J.F.C, T.D.G), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Psychology, Notre Dame of Maryland University, Baltimore, Maryland (A.C.); Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (R.M., K.S.S.D., I.W.W.); National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (H.J.K., X.-P.H.); and Mitchell Woods Pharmaceuticals, Shelton, Connecticut (I.W.W.)
| | - Katinia S S Dossou
- Department of Psychiatry (A.C., P.Z., J.F.C., D.O.F., T.D.G.), Department of Pharmacology (D.O.F, T.D.G), and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (J.F.C, T.D.G), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Psychology, Notre Dame of Maryland University, Baltimore, Maryland (A.C.); Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (R.M., K.S.S.D., I.W.W.); National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (H.J.K., X.-P.H.); and Mitchell Woods Pharmaceuticals, Shelton, Connecticut (I.W.W.)
| | - Irving W Wainer
- Department of Psychiatry (A.C., P.Z., J.F.C., D.O.F., T.D.G.), Department of Pharmacology (D.O.F, T.D.G), and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (J.F.C, T.D.G), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Psychology, Notre Dame of Maryland University, Baltimore, Maryland (A.C.); Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (R.M., K.S.S.D., I.W.W.); National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (H.J.K., X.-P.H.); and Mitchell Woods Pharmaceuticals, Shelton, Connecticut (I.W.W.)
| | - Joseph F Cheer
- Department of Psychiatry (A.C., P.Z., J.F.C., D.O.F., T.D.G.), Department of Pharmacology (D.O.F, T.D.G), and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (J.F.C, T.D.G), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Psychology, Notre Dame of Maryland University, Baltimore, Maryland (A.C.); Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (R.M., K.S.S.D., I.W.W.); National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (H.J.K., X.-P.H.); and Mitchell Woods Pharmaceuticals, Shelton, Connecticut (I.W.W.)
| | - Douglas O Frost
- Department of Psychiatry (A.C., P.Z., J.F.C., D.O.F., T.D.G.), Department of Pharmacology (D.O.F, T.D.G), and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (J.F.C, T.D.G), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Psychology, Notre Dame of Maryland University, Baltimore, Maryland (A.C.); Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (R.M., K.S.S.D., I.W.W.); National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (H.J.K., X.-P.H.); and Mitchell Woods Pharmaceuticals, Shelton, Connecticut (I.W.W.)
| | - Xi-Ping Huang
- Department of Psychiatry (A.C., P.Z., J.F.C., D.O.F., T.D.G.), Department of Pharmacology (D.O.F, T.D.G), and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (J.F.C, T.D.G), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Psychology, Notre Dame of Maryland University, Baltimore, Maryland (A.C.); Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (R.M., K.S.S.D., I.W.W.); National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (H.J.K., X.-P.H.); and Mitchell Woods Pharmaceuticals, Shelton, Connecticut (I.W.W.)
| | - Todd D Gould
- Department of Psychiatry (A.C., P.Z., J.F.C., D.O.F., T.D.G.), Department of Pharmacology (D.O.F, T.D.G), and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (J.F.C, T.D.G), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Psychology, Notre Dame of Maryland University, Baltimore, Maryland (A.C.); Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (R.M., K.S.S.D., I.W.W.); National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (H.J.K., X.-P.H.); and Mitchell Woods Pharmaceuticals, Shelton, Connecticut (I.W.W.)
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477
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van Unen J, Rashidfarrokhi A, Hoogendoorn E, Postma M, Gadella TWJ, Goedhart J. Quantitative Single-Cell Analysis of Signaling Pathways Activated Immediately Downstream of Histamine Receptor Subtypes. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 90:162-76. [PMID: 27358232 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.104505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetically encoded biosensors based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) can visualize responses of individual cells in real time. Here, we evaluated whether FRET-based biosensors provide sufficient contrast and specificity to measure activity of G-protein-coupled receptors. The four histamine receptor subtypes (H1R, H2R, H3R, and H4R) respond to the ligand histamine by activating three canonical heterotrimeric G-protein-mediated signaling pathways with a reported high degree of specificity. Using FRET-based biosensors, we demonstrate that H1R activates Gαq. We also observed that H1R activates Gαi, albeit at a 10-fold lower potency. In addition to increasing cAMP levels, most likely via Gαs, we found that the H2R induces Gαq-mediated calcium release. The H3R and H4R activated Gαi with high specificity and a high potency. We demonstrate that a number of FRET sensors provide sufficient contrast to: 1) analyze the specificity of the histamine receptor subtypes for different heterotrimeric G-protein families with single-cell resolution, 2) probe for antagonist specificity, and 3) allow the measurement of single-cell concentration-response curves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakobus van Unen
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section of Molecular Cytology, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ali Rashidfarrokhi
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section of Molecular Cytology, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eelco Hoogendoorn
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section of Molecular Cytology, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marten Postma
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section of Molecular Cytology, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theodorus W J Gadella
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section of Molecular Cytology, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joachim Goedhart
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section of Molecular Cytology, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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478
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Abstract
To understand brain function, it is essential that we discover how cellular signaling specifies normal and pathological brain function. In this regard, chemogenetic technologies represent valuable platforms for manipulating neuronal and non-neuronal signal transduction in a cell-type-specific fashion in freely moving animals. Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADD)-based chemogenetic tools are now commonly used by neuroscientists to identify the circuitry and cellular signals that specify behavior, perceptions, emotions, innate drives, and motor functions in species ranging from flies to nonhuman primates. Here I provide a primer on DREADDs highlighting key technical and conceptual considerations and identify challenges for chemogenetics going forward.
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479
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Wallach J, Kang H, Colestock T, Morris H, Bortolotto ZA, Collingridge GL, Lodge D, Halberstadt AL, Brandt SD, Adejare A. Pharmacological Investigations of the Dissociative 'Legal Highs' Diphenidine, Methoxphenidine and Analogues. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157021. [PMID: 27314670 PMCID: PMC4912077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
1,2-Diarylethylamines including lanicemine, lefetamine, and remacemide have clinical relevance in a range of therapeutic areas including pain management, epilepsy, neurodegenerative disease and depression. More recently 1,2-diarylethylamines have been sold as ‘legal highs’ in a number of different forms including powders and tablets. These compounds are sold to circumvent governmental legislation regulating psychoactive drugs. Examples include the opioid MT-45 and the dissociative agents diphenidine (DPH) and 2-methoxy-diphenidine (2-MXP). A number of fatal and non-fatal overdoses have been linked to abuse of these compounds. As with many ‘legal highs’, little is known about their pharmacology. To obtain a better understanding, the effects of DPH, 2-MXP and its 3- and 4-MeO- isomers, and 2-Cl-diphenidine (2-Cl-DPH) were investigated using binding studies at 46 central nervous system receptors including the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, histamine, and sigma receptors as well as the reuptake transporters for serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine. Reuptake inhibition potencies were measured at serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine transporters. NMDAR antagonism was established in vitro using NMDAR-induced field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) experiments. Finally, DPH and 2-MXP were investigated using tests of pre-pulse inhibition of startle (PPI) in rats to determine whether they reduce sensorimotor gating, an effect observed with known dissociative drugs such as phencyclidine (PCP) and ketamine. The results suggest that these 1,2-diarylethylamines are relatively selective NMDAR antagonists with weak off-target inhibitory effects on dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake. DPH and 2-MXP significantly inhibited PPI. DPH showed greater potency than 2-MXP, acting with a median effective dose (ED50) of 9.5 mg/kg, which is less potent than values reported for other commonly abused dissociative drugs such as PCP and ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Wallach
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Heather Kang
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Tristan Colestock
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hamilton Morris
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Zuner A. Bortolotto
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Graham L. Collingridge
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Lodge
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Adam L. Halberstadt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States Of America
| | - Simon D. Brandt
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Adeboye Adejare
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia Pennsylvania, United States of America
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480
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Wang L, Mori W, Cheng R, Yui J, Hatori A, Ma L, Zhang Y, Rotstein BH, Fujinaga M, Shimoda Y, Yamasaki T, Xie L, Nagai Y, Minamimoto T, Higuchi M, Vasdev N, Zhang MR, Liang SH. Synthesis and Preclinical Evaluation of Sulfonamido-based [(11)C-Carbonyl]-Carbamates and Ureas for Imaging Monoacylglycerol Lipase. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:1145-59. [PMID: 27279908 PMCID: PMC4893642 DOI: 10.7150/thno.15257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is a 33 kDa member of the serine hydrolase superfamily that preferentially degrades 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) to arachidonic acid in the endocannabinoid system. Inhibition of MAGL is not only of interest for probing the cannabinoid pathway but also as a therapeutic and diagnostic target for neuroinflammation. Limited attempts have been made to image MAGL in vivo and a suitable PET ligand for this target has yet to be identified and is urgently sought to guide small molecule drug development in this pathway. Herein we synthesized and evaluated the physiochemical properties of an array of eleven sulfonamido-based carbamates and ureas with a series of terminal aryl moieties, linkers and leaving groups. The most potent compounds were a novel MAGL inhibitor, N-((1-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-carbonyl)piperidin-4-yl) methyl)-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide (TZPU; IC50 = 35.9 nM), and the known inhibitor 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl 4-(((4-chlorophenyl)sulfonamido) methyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (SAR127303; IC50 = 39.3 nM), which were also shown to be selective for MAGL over fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), and cannabinoid receptors (CB1 & CB2). Both of these compounds were radiolabeled with carbon-11 via [11C]COCl2, followed by comprehensive ex vivo biodistribution and in vivo PET imaging studies in normal rats to determine their brain permeability, specificity, clearance and metabolism. Whereas TZPU did not show adequate specificity to warrant further evaluation, [11C]SAR127303 was advanced for preliminary PET neuroimaging studies in nonhuman primate. The tracer showed good brain permeability (ca. 1 SUV) and heterogeneous regional brain distribution which is consistent with the distribution of MAGL.
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Chan JD, McCorvy JD, Acharya S, Johns ME, Day TA, Roth BL, Marchant JS. A Miniaturized Screen of a Schistosoma mansoni Serotonergic G Protein-Coupled Receptor Identifies Novel Classes of Parasite-Selective Inhibitors. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005651. [PMID: 27187180 PMCID: PMC4871480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a tropical parasitic disease afflicting ~200 million people worldwide and current therapy depends on a single drug (praziquantel) which exhibits several non-optimal features. These shortcomings underpin the need for next generation anthelmintics, but the process of validating physiologically relevant targets (‘target selection’) and pharmacologically profiling them is challenging. Remarkably, even though over a quarter of current human therapeutics target rhodopsin-like G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), no library screen of a flatworm GPCR has yet been reported. Here, we have pharmacologically profiled a schistosome serotonergic GPCR (Sm.5HTR) implicated as a downstream modulator of PZQ efficacy, in a miniaturized screening assay compatible with high content screening. This approach employs a split luciferase based biosensor sensitive to cellular cAMP levels that resolves the proximal kinetics of GPCR modulation in intact cells. Data evidence a divergent pharmacological signature between the parasitic serotonergic receptor and the closest human GPCR homolog (Hs.5HTR7), supporting the feasibility of optimizing parasitic selective pharmacophores. New ligands, and chemical series, with potency and selectivity for Sm.5HTR over Hs.5HTR7 are identified in vitro and validated for in vivo efficacy against schistosomules and adult worms. Sm.5HTR also displayed a property resembling irreversible inactivation, a phenomenon discovered at Hs.5HTR7, which enhances the appeal of this abundantly expressed parasite GPCR as a target for anthelmintic ligand design. Overall, these data underscore the feasibility of profiling flatworm GPCRs in a high throughput screening format competent to resolve different classes of GPCR modulators. Further, these data underscore the promise of Sm.5HTR as a chemotherapeutically vulnerable node for development of next generation anthelmintics. Parasitic flatworms express a diverse array of G protein coupled receptors, but our knowledge of their pharmacological profile is limited. No high throughput screen of a flatworm GPCR has been reported, even though these targets have precedent for high druggability and functionality in the chemotherapeutically vulnerable excitable cell niche. The goal of this study was to establish a method for profiling flatworm G protein coupled receptors that can be scaled to high content screening. Using a cAMP biosensor, we have performed a proof of principle miniaturized screen on a schistosome serotonergic GPCR that resolves new ligands that potently and selectivity block 5-HT receptor activity in vitro, and 5-HT evoked responses in schistosomules and adult worms. This approach evidences the pharmacological divergence of a parasitic GPCR from the closest human homolog and a capacity for high content interrogation of flatworm GPCR properties and ligand specificities.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D. Chan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - John D. McCorvy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sreemoyee Acharya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Malcolm E. Johns
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Timothy A. Day
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Bryan L. Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelmann School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (NIMH PDSP), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jonathan S. Marchant
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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482
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Initial investigation of three selective and potent small molecule oxytocin receptor PET ligands in New World monkeys. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:3370-3375. [PMID: 27209233 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.04.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The neuropeptide oxytocin is part of a neuroendocrine system that has physiological effects ranging from ensuring uterine myometrial contractions at parturition and post-partum mammary gland milk ejection to the modulation of neural control of social relationships. This initial study was performed to investigate the potential use of positron emission tomography (PET) for localizing oxytocin receptors in two New World primates. Three biomarkers for PET (1-3) that are known to have high affinity and selectivity for the human oxytocin receptor were investigated in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) via PET imaging. Brain penetration, and uptake in the salivary gland area were both observed with biomarkers 2 and 3. No brain penetration was observed with 1, but uptake was observed more specifically in several peripheral endocrine glands compared to 2 or 3. Biomarker 2, which displayed the best brain penetration of the three biomarkers in the marmoset, was then investigated in the monogamous coppery titi monkey (Callicebus cupreus) in a brain scan and a limited full body scan. No significant brain penetration of 2 was observed in the titi monkey, but significant uptake was observed in various locations throughout the periphery. Metabolism of 2 was suspected to have been significant based upon HPLC analysis of blood draws, but parent compound was still present near the end of the scan. Follow-up investigations will focus on next generation biomarkers bearing improved binding characteristics and brain penetrability as well as investigating tissue in regions where biomarker uptake was observed.
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483
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Billard MJ, Fitzhugh DJ, Parker JS, Brozowski JM, McGinnis MW, Timoshchenko RG, Serafin DS, Lininger R, Klauber-Demore N, Sahagian G, Truong YK, Sassano MF, Serody JS, Tarrant TK. G Protein Coupled Receptor Kinase 3 Regulates Breast Cancer Migration, Invasion, and Metastasis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152856. [PMID: 27049755 PMCID: PMC4822790 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease that has a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Chemokine receptor interactions are important modulators of breast cancer metastasis; however, it is now recognized that quantitative surface expression of one important chemokine receptor, CXCR4, may not directly correlate with metastasis and that its functional activity in breast cancer may better inform tumor pathogenicity. G protein coupled receptor kinase 3 (GRK3) is a negative regulator of CXCR4 activity, and we show that GRK expression correlates with tumorigenicity, molecular subtype, and metastatic potential in human tumor microarray analysis. Using established human breast cancer cell lines and an immunocompetent in vivo mouse model, we further demonstrate that alterations in GRK3 expression levels in tumor cells directly affect migration and invasion in vitro and the establishment of distant metastasis in vivo. The effects of GRK3 modulation appear to be specific to chemokine-mediated migration behaviors without influencing tumor cell proliferation or survival. These data demonstrate that GRK3 dysregulation may play an important part in TNBC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Billard
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center and the Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America
| | - David J. Fitzhugh
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center and the Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America
| | - Joel S. Parker
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America
| | - Jaime M. Brozowski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States of America
| | - Marcus W. McGinnis
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center and the Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America
| | - Roman G. Timoshchenko
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center and the Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America
| | - D. Stephen Serafin
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center and the Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America
| | - Ruth Lininger
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America
| | - Nancy Klauber-Demore
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America
| | - Gary Sahagian
- Department of Developmental, Molecular & Chemical Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, United States of America
| | - Young K. Truong
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America
| | - Maria F. Sassano
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America
| | - Jonathan S. Serody
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC, 27599, United States of America
| | - Teresa K. Tarrant
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center and the Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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484
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Stuckey JI, Dickson BM, Cheng N, Liu Y, Norris JL, Cholensky SH, Tempel W, Qin S, Huber KG, Sagum C, Black K, Li F, Huang XP, Roth BL, Baughman BM, Senisterra G, Pattenden SG, Vedadi M, Brown PJ, Bedford MT, Min J, Arrowsmith CH, James LI, Frye SV. A cellular chemical probe targeting the chromodomains of Polycomb repressive complex 1. Nat Chem Biol 2016; 12:180-7. [PMID: 26807715 PMCID: PMC4755828 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the design and characterization of UNC3866, a potent antagonist of the methyllysine (Kme) reading function of the Polycomb CBX and CDY families of chromodomains. Polycomb CBX proteins regulate gene expression by targeting Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) to sites of H3K27me3 via their chromodomains. UNC3866 binds the chromodomains of CBX4 and CBX7 most potently, with a K(d) of ∼100 nM for each, and is 6- to 18-fold selective as compared to seven other CBX and CDY chromodomains while being highly selective over >250 other protein targets. X-ray crystallography revealed that UNC3866's interactions with the CBX chromodomains closely mimic those of the methylated H3 tail. UNC4195, a biotinylated derivative of UNC3866, was used to demonstrate that UNC3866 engages intact PRC1 and that EED incorporation into PRC1 is isoform dependent in PC3 prostate cancer cells. Finally, UNC3866 inhibits PC3 cell proliferation, consistent with the known ability of CBX7 overexpression to confer a growth advantage, whereas UNC4219, a methylated negative control compound, has negligible effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob I Stuckey
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bradley M Dickson
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nancy Cheng
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yanli Liu
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacqueline L Norris
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stephanie H Cholensky
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Wolfram Tempel
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Su Qin
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katherine G Huber
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cari Sagum
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas, USA
| | - Karynne Black
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas, USA
| | - Fengling Li
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xi-Ping Huang
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bryan L Roth
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brandi M Baughman
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Samantha G Pattenden
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Masoud Vedadi
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter J Brown
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark T Bedford
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas, USA
| | - Jinrong Min
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cheryl H Arrowsmith
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lindsey I James
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stephen V Frye
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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485
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New Technologies for Elucidating Opioid Receptor Function. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016; 37:279-289. [PMID: 26833118 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in technology, including high resolution crystal structures of opioid receptors, novel chemical tools, and new genetic approaches have provided an unparalleled palette of tools for deconstructing opioid receptor actions in vitro and in vivo. Here we provide a brief description of our understanding of opioid receptor function from both molecular and atomic perspectives, as well as their role in neural circuits in vivo. We then show how insights into the molecular details of opioid actions can facilitate the creation of functionally selective (biased) and photoswitchable opioid ligands. Finally, we describe how newly engineered opioid receptor-based chemogenetic and optogenetic tools, and new mouse lines, are expanding and transforming our understanding of opioid function and, perhaps, paving the way for new therapeutics.
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486
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Dogra S, Sona C, Kumar A, Yadav PN. Tango assay for ligand-induced GPCR-β-arrestin2 interaction: Application in drug discovery. Methods Cell Biol 2015; 132:233-54. [PMID: 26928547 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are widely known to modulate almost all physiological functions and have been demonstrated over the time as therapeutic targets for wide gamut of diseases. The design and implementation of high-throughput GPCR-based assays that permit the efficient screening of large compound libraries to discover novel drug candidates are essential for a successful drug discovery endeavor. Usually, GPCR-based functional assays depend primarily on the measurement of G protein-mediated second messenger generation. However, with advent of advanced molecular biology tools and increased understanding of GPCR signal transduction, many G protein-independent pathways such as β-arrestin translocation are being utilized to detect the activity of GPCRs. These assays provide additional information on functional selectivity (also known as biased agonism) of compounds that could be harnessed to develop pathway-selective drug candidates to reduce the adverse effects associated with given GPCR target. In this chapter, we describe the basic principle, detailed methodologies and assay setup, result analysis and data interpretations of the β-arrestin2 Tango assay, and its comparison with cell-based G protein-dependent GPCR assays, which could be employed in a simple academic setup to facilitate GPCR-based drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Dogra
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Chandan Sona
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ajeet Kumar
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prem N Yadav
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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487
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488
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Roth BL, Kroeze WK. Integrated Approaches for Genome-wide Interrogation of the Druggable Non-olfactory G Protein-coupled Receptor Superfamily. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:19471-7. [PMID: 26100629 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r115.654764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are frequent and fruitful targets for drug discovery and development, as well as being off-targets for the side effects of a variety of medications. Much of the druggable non-olfactory human GPCR-ome remains under-interrogated, and we present here various approaches that we and others have used to shine light into these previously dark corners of the human genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan L Roth
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
| | - Wesley K Kroeze
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
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