451
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Filmer HL, Griffin A, Dux PE. For a minute there, I lost myself … dosage dependent increases in mind wandering via prefrontal tDCS. Neuropsychologia 2019; 129:379-384. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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452
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Gamma Oscillations Shape Pain in Animals and Humans. Trends Cogn Sci 2019; 23:450-451. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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453
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Opie GM, Hand BJ, Coxon JP, Ridding MC, Ziemann U, Semmler JG. Visuomotor task acquisition is reduced by priming paired associative stimulation in older adults. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 81:67-76. [PMID: 31247460 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation may represent an effective means for improving motor function in the elderly. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the effects of paired associative stimulation (PAS; a plasticity-inducing transcranial magnetic stimulation paradigm) on acquisition of a novel visuomotor task in young and older adults. Fourteen young (20.4 ± 0.6 years) and 13 older (69.0 ± 1.6 years) adults participated in 3 experimental sessions during which training was preceded (primed) by PAS. Within each session, the interstimulus interval used for PAS was set at either the N20 latency plus 5 ms (PASLTP), the N20 latency minus 10 ms (PASLTD), or a constant 100 ms (PASControl). After training, the level of motor skill was not different between PAS conditions in young subjects (all p-values > 0.2), but was reduced by both PASLTP (p = 0.02) and PASLTD (p = 0.0001) in older subjects. Consequently, priming PAS was detrimental to skill acquisition in older adults, possibly suggesting a need for interventions that are optimized for use in elderly populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- George M Opie
- Discipline of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Brodie J Hand
- Discipline of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - James P Coxon
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael C Ridding
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ulf Ziemann
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - John G Semmler
- Discipline of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
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454
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Qi F, Nitsche MA, Zschorlich VR. Modulating Observation-Execution-Related Motor Cortex Activity by Cathodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation. Brain Sci 2019; 9:E121. [PMID: 31130692 PMCID: PMC6563080 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9050121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this randomized sham-controlled study was to examine the impact of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (ctDCS) of the primary motor cortex (M1) during movement observation on subsequent execution-related motor cortex activity. Thirty healthy participants received sham or real ctDCS (1 mA) over the left M1 for 10 minutes, respectively. The participants observed a video showing repeated button pressing tasks of the right hand during the sham or real ctDCS, followed by performance of these tasks by the right hand. Motor-evoked potentials (MEP) were recorded from the resting right first dorsal interosseous muscle before movement observation during the sham or real ctDCS, immediately after observation of actions, and after subsequent movement execution. The results of the ANOVA showed a significant main effect on the group (F1,28 = 4.60, p = 0.041) and a significant interaction between time and the group (F2,56 = 5.34, p = 0.008). As revealed by respective post hoc tests, ctDCS induced a significant reduction of MEP amplitudes in connection with movement observation (p = 0.026, Cohen's d = 0.861) and after subsequent movement execution (p = 0.018, Cohen's d = 0.914) in comparison with the sham stimulation. It is concluded that ctDCS during movement observation was effective in terms of modulating motor cortex excitability. Moreover, it subsequently influenced execution-related motor cortex activity. This indicates a possible application for rehabilitative treatment in syndromes with pathologically enhanced cortical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxue Qi
- Department of Movement Science, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, 44139 Dortmund, Germany.
- Department of Sport Training, Sport Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Michael A Nitsche
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, 44139 Dortmund, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, 44789 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Volker R Zschorlich
- Department of Movement Science, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rostock, 18055 Rostock, Germany.
- Department Ageing of Individuals and Society, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany.
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455
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Event-related potentials to single-cycle binaural beats and diotic amplitude modulation of a tone. Exp Brain Res 2019; 237:1931-1945. [PMID: 31111175 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-019-05562-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
When two tones with slightly different frequencies are dichotically presented, binaural beats (BBs) are experienced. BBs resulting from the cycling change in interaural phase difference elicit electroencephalographic responses. Because they repeat at short periods, allowing poor recovery of the cortical responses, these steady-state responses have small amplitudes, and their various wave components intermingle and might mask each other. Using single-cycle BBs separated by relatively long inter-onset intervals would be a solution, but introducing a transient interaural frequency shift requires response subtraction which may not be acceptable for non-additive brain responses. The proposed stimulation method employs transient and monaurally subthreshold frequency shifts in opposite directions in the two ears to produce single-cycle BBs of a 250 Hz tone. These shifts are perceived as distinct BBs when presented dichotically, but remain subthreshold when presented monotically. Therefore, no frequency-shift response is elicited, and the specific BB response is obtained with no need for waveform subtraction. We recorded from 19 normal hearing participants the event-related potentials (ERPs) to single-cycle BBs and also to temporary diotic amplitude modulation (AM) with matched perceptual salience. The ERPs to single-cycle BBs presented at 2 s inter-onset intervals had N1-P2 responses with up to seven times larger amplitudes than the conventional steady-state BB responses in the literature. Significant differences were found between the scalp potential distributions of the N1 responses to BB and AM stimuli, suggesting that the cortical sites, where envelope-based level processing and temporal fine structure-based spatial processing of the stimulus take place, are not totally overlapped.
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456
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Ladenbauer J, Obermayer K. Weak electric fields promote resonance in neuronal spiking activity: Analytical results from two-compartment cell and network models. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1006974. [PMID: 31009455 PMCID: PMC6476479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial brain stimulation and evidence of ephaptic coupling have sparked strong interests in understanding the effects of weak electric fields on the dynamics of neuronal populations. While their influence on the subthreshold membrane voltage can be biophysically well explained using spatially extended neuron models, mechanistic analyses of neuronal spiking and network activity have remained a methodological challenge. More generally, this challenge applies to phenomena for which single-compartment (point) neuron models are oversimplified. Here we employ a pyramidal neuron model that comprises two compartments, allowing to distinguish basal-somatic from apical dendritic inputs and accounting for an extracellular field in a biophysically minimalistic way. Using an analytical approach we fit its parameters to reproduce the response properties of a canonical, spatial model neuron and dissect the stochastic spiking dynamics of single cells and large networks. We show that oscillatory weak fields effectively mimic anti-correlated inputs at the soma and dendrite and strongly modulate neuronal spiking activity in a rather narrow frequency band. This effect carries over to coupled populations of pyramidal cells and inhibitory interneurons, boosting network-induced resonance in the beta and gamma frequency bands. Our work contributes a useful theoretical framework for mechanistic analyses of population dynamics going beyond point neuron models, and provides insights on modulation effects of extracellular fields due to the morphology of pyramidal cells. The elongated spatial structure of pyramidal neurons, which possess large apical dendrites, plays an important role for the integration of synaptic inputs and mediates sensitivity to weak extracellular electric fields. Modeling studies at the population level greatly contribute to our mechanistic understanding but face a methodological challenge because morphologically detailed neuron models are too complex for use in noisy, in-vivo like conditions and large networks in particular. Here we present an analytical approach based on a two-compartment spiking neuron model that can distinguish synaptic inputs at the apical dendrite from those at the somatic region and accounts for an extracellular field in a biophysically minimalistic way. We devised efficient methods to approximate the responses of a spatially more detailed pyramidal neuron model, and to study the spiking dynamics of single neurons and sparsely coupled large networks in the presence of fluctuating inputs. Using these methods we focused on how responses are affected by oscillatory weak fields. Our results suggest that ephaptic coupling may play a mechanistic role for oscillations of population activity and indicate the potential to entrain networks by weak electric stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Ladenbauer
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Computationnelles, École Normale Supérieure - PSL Research University, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Klaus Obermayer
- Department of Software Engineering and Theoretical Computer Science, Technische Universität Berlin, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Germany
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457
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Hilbert S, McAssey M, Bühner M, Schwaferts P, Gruber M, Goerigk S, Taylor PCJ. Right hemisphere occipital rTMS impairs working memory in visualizers but not in verbalizers. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6307. [PMID: 31004125 PMCID: PMC6474855 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42733-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Distinguishing between verbal and visual working memory processes is complicated by the fact that the strategy used is hard to control or even assess. Many stimuli used in working memory tasks can be processed via verbal or visual coding, such as the digits in the digit span backwards task (DSB). The present study used repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to examine the use of visual processing strategies in the DSB. A total of 47 German university students took part in the study, 23 spontaneously using a verbal processing strategy and 24 using a visual strategy. After rTMS to the right occipital cortex, visualizers showed a significantly stronger mean performance decrease compared to verbalizers. The results indicate that the visual cortex is more critical for visualizers compared to verbalizers in the DSB task. Furthermore, the favored processing modality seems to be determined by the preference for a cognitive strategy rather than the presentation modality, and people are aware of the applied strategy. These findings provide insight into inter-individual differences in working memory processing and yield important implications for laboratory studies as well as clinical practice: the stimulus does not necessarily determine the processing and the participant can be aware of that.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Hilbert
- Faculty of Psychology, Educational Science, and Sport Science, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Michaela McAssey
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neuroscience, Research Training Group 2175, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Leopoldstraße 13, 80802, München, Germany
| | - Markus Bühner
- Department of Psychology, Psychological Methods and Assessment, LMU Munich, Leopoldstraße 13, 80802, München, Germany
| | - Patrick Schwaferts
- Institute of Statistics, Methodological Foundations of Statistics and its Applications, Ludwigstraße 33, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Monika Gruber
- Department of Psychology, Psychological Methods and Assessment, LMU Munich, Leopoldstraße 13, 80802, München, Germany
| | - Stephan Goerigk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Hochschule Fresenius, University of Applied Sciences, Infanteriestraße 11A, 80797, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul Christopher John Taylor
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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458
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Meng HJ, Cao N, Lin YT, Liu K, Zhang J, Pi YL. Motor learning enhanced by combined motor imagery and noninvasive brain stimulation is associated with reduced short-interval intracortical inhibition. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01252. [PMID: 30884212 PMCID: PMC6456775 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motor imagery (MI) improves motor skill learning, which is further enhanced when MI is paired with primary motor cortex transcranial brain stimulation or with electrical stimulation of the peripheral median nerve. Applying both stimulation types (here with 25 ms intervals) is called paired associative stimulation (PAS25). The final primary motor cortex output is determined by combined excitatory and intracortical inhibitory circuits, and reducing the latter is associated with enhanced synaptic transmission and efficacy. Indeed, short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) inhibits motor evoked potentials (MEPs), and motor learning has been associated with decreased SICI and increased cortical excitability. Here, we investigated whether cortical excitability and SICI are altered by PAS25 applied after MI-induced modulation of motor learning. METHODS Peak acceleration of a hand-grasping movement and MEPs and SICI were measured before and after MI alone, PAS25 alone, and MI followed by PAS25 in 16 healthy participants to evaluate changes in motor learning, corticospinal excitability, and intracortical inhibition. RESULTS After PAS25 alone, MEP amplitude increased while peak acceleration was unchanged. However, PAS25 applied following MI not only significantly enhanced both peak acceleration (p = 0.011) and MEP amplitude (p = 0.004) but also decreased SICI (p = 0.011). Moreover, we found that this decrease in SICI was significantly correlated with both the peak acceleration (r = 0.49, p = 0.029) and the MEP amplitude (r = 0.56, p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that brain function altered by PAS25 of the motor cortex enhances MI-induced motor learning and corticospinal excitability and decreases SICI, suggesting that SICI underlies, at least in part, PAS25 modulation of motor learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jiang Meng
- School of Sports, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, China.,School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Cao
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Tong Lin
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Shanghai Punan Hospital of Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Ling Pi
- Shanghai Punan Hospital of Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
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459
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Soares Dos Santos MP, Coutinho J, Marote A, Sousa B, Ramos A, Ferreira JAF, Bernardo R, Rodrigues A, Marques AT, Cruz E Silva OABD, Furlani EP, Simões JAO, Vieira SI. Capacitive technologies for highly controlled and personalized electrical stimulation by implantable biomedical systems. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5001. [PMID: 30899061 PMCID: PMC6428833 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41540-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cosurface electrode architectures are able to deliver personalized electric stimuli to target tissues. As such, this technology holds potential for a variety of innovative biomedical devices. However, to date, no detailed analyses have been conducted to evaluate the impact of stimulator architecture and geometry on stimuli features. This work characterizes, for the first time, the electric stimuli delivered to bone cellular tissues during in vitro experiments, when using three capacitive architectures: stripped, interdigitated and circular patterns. Computational models are presented that predict the influence of cell confluence, cosurface architecture, electrodes geometry, gap size between electrodes and power excitation on the stimuli delivered to cellular layers. The results demonstrate that these stimulators are able to deliver osteoconductive stimuli. Significant differences in stimuli distributions were observed for different stimulator designs and different external excitations. The thickness specification was found to be of utmost importance. In vitro experiments using an osteoblastic cell line highlight that cosurface stimulation at a low frequency can enhance osteoconductive responses, with some electrode-specific differences being found. A major feature of this type of work is that it enables future detailed analyses of stimuli distribution throughout more complex biological structures, such as tissues and organs, towards sophisticated biodevice personalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco P Soares Dos Santos
- Centre for Mechanical Technology & Automation (TEMA), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
- Associated Laboratory for Energy, Transports and Aeronautics (LAETA), Porto, Portugal.
| | - J Coutinho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Marote
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Sousa
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A Ramos
- Centre for Mechanical Technology & Automation (TEMA), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jorge A F Ferreira
- Centre for Mechanical Technology & Automation (TEMA), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Bernardo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - André Rodrigues
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A Torres Marques
- Associated Laboratory for Energy, Transports and Aeronautics (LAETA), Porto, Portugal
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Porto, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Odete A B da Cruz E Silva
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Edward P Furlani
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - José A O Simões
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sandra I Vieira
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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460
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Bourdillon P, Hermann B, Sitt JD, Naccache L. Electromagnetic Brain Stimulation in Patients With Disorders of Consciousness. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:223. [PMID: 30936822 PMCID: PMC6432925 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe brain injury is a common cause of coma. In some cases, despite vigilance improvement, disorders of consciousness (DoC) persist. Several states of impaired consciousness have been defined, according to whether the patient exhibits only reflexive behaviors as in the vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (VS/UWS) or purposeful behaviors distinct from reflexes as in the minimally conscious state (MCS). Recently, this clinical distinction has been enriched by electrophysiological and neuroimaging data resulting from a better understanding of the physiopathology of DoC. However, therapeutic options, especially pharmacological ones, remain very limited. In this context, electroceuticals, a new category of therapeutic agents which act by targeting the neural circuits with electromagnetic stimulations, started to develop in the field of DoC. We performed a systematic review of the studies evaluating therapeutics relying on the direct or indirect electro-magnetic stimulation of the brain in DoC patients. Current evidence seems to support the efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) and non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) on consciousness in some of these patients. However, while the latter is non-invasive and well tolerated, the former is associated with potential major side effects. We propose that all chronic DoC patients should be given the possibility to benefit from NIBS, and that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) should be preferred over repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), based on the literature and its simple use. Surgical techniques less invasive than DBS, such as vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) might represent a good compromise between efficacy and invasiveness but still need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bourdillon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adolphe de Rothschild Foundation, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, ICM, PICNIC Lab, Paris, France
- Inserm U 1127, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Hermann
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, ICM, PICNIC Lab, Paris, France
- Inserm U 1127, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France
- Department of Neurology, Neuro ICU, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Jacobo D. Sitt
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, ICM, PICNIC Lab, Paris, France
- Inserm U 1127, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Lionel Naccache
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, ICM, PICNIC Lab, Paris, France
- Inserm U 1127, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France
- Department of Neurophysiology, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
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461
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Ghanavati E, Salehinejad MA, Nejati V, Nitsche MA. Differential role of prefrontal, temporal and parietal cortices in verbal and figural fluency: Implications for the supramodal contribution of executive functions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3700. [PMID: 30842493 PMCID: PMC6403289 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40273-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Verbal and figural fluency are related to executive functions (EFs), but the extent to which they benefit from executive resources and their respective cortical representations is not clear. Moreover, different brain areas and cognitive functions are involved in fluency processing. This study investigated effects of modulation of cortical excitability in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (l-DLPFC), left temporal area and right posterior parietal cortex (r-PPC) with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), on verbal and figural fluency. Fifteen healthy adult participants received anodal l-DLPFC (F3), anodal left temporal (T3), anodal r-PPC (P4) and sham tDCS (15 min, 1.5 mA). After five minutes of stimulation, participants underwent the verbal fluency (i.e., semantic and phonemic fluency tasks) and figural fluency tasks. Participants significantly generated more words with phonemic cues during anodal l-DLPFC tDCS and more words with semantic cues during both anodal left temporal and anodal l-DLPFC tDCS. In contrast, they generated more unique figures under anodal r-PPC and anodal l-DLPFC tDCS. Our results implicate that prefrontal regions and EFs are shared anatomical correlates and cognitive processes relevant for both, verbal and figural fluency (supramodal contribution of DLPFC activation), whereas r-PPC and left temporal cortex are more specifically involved in figural and semantic fluency (modality-specific contribution).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ghanavati
- Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Science & Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Mohammad Ali Salehinejad
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany. .,Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. .,International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Vahid Nejati
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Department of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Michael A Nitsche
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
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462
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Mateos-Aparicio P, Rodríguez-Moreno A. The Impact of Studying Brain Plasticity. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:66. [PMID: 30873009 PMCID: PMC6400842 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Mateos-Aparicio
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
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463
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Antonenko D, Hayek D, Netzband J, Grittner U, Flöel A. tDCS-induced episodic memory enhancement and its association with functional network coupling in older adults. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2273. [PMID: 30783198 PMCID: PMC6381175 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38630-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) augments training-induced cognitive gains, an issue of particular relevance in the aging population. However, negative outcomes have been reported as well, and few studies so far have evaluated the impact of tDCS on episodic memory formation in elderly cohorts. The heterogeneity of previous findings highlights the importance of elucidating neuronal underpinnings of tDCS-induced modulations, and of determining individual predictors of a positive response. In the present study, we aimed to modulate episodic memory formation in 34 older adults with anodal tDCS (1 mA, 20 min) over left temporoparietal cortex. Participants were asked to learn novel associations between pictures and pseudowords, and episodic memory performance was subsequently assessed during immediate retrieval. Prior to experimental sessions, participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. tDCS led to better retrieval performance and augmented learning curves. Hippocampo-temporoparietal functional connectivity was positively related to initial memory performance, and was positively associated with the magnitude of individual tDCS-induced enhancement. In sum, we provide evidence for brain stimulation-induced plasticity of episodic memory processes in older adults, corroborating and extending previous findings. Our results demonstrate that intrinsic network coupling may determine individual responsiveness to brain stimulation, and thus help to further explain variability of tDCS responsiveness in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Antonenko
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Neurology, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany. .,Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Dayana Hayek
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Neurology, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Justus Netzband
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Neurology, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Grittner
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Straße 2, 10178, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Stroke Research, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Agnes Flöel
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Neurology, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany. .,Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, Greifswald, Germany.
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Karabanov AN, Saturnino GB, Thielscher A, Siebner HR. Can Transcranial Electrical Stimulation Localize Brain Function? Front Psychol 2019; 10:213. [PMID: 30837911 PMCID: PMC6389710 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) uses constant (TDCS) or alternating currents (TACS) to modulate brain activity. Most TES studies apply low-intensity currents through scalp electrodes (≤2 mA) using bipolar electrode arrangements, producing weak electrical fields in the brain (<1 V/m). Low-intensity TES has been employed in humans to induce changes in task performance during or after stimulation. In analogy to focal transcranial magnetic stimulation, TES-induced behavioral effects have often been taken as evidence for a causal involvement of the brain region underlying one of the two stimulation electrodes, often referred to as the active electrode. Here, we critically review the utility of bipolar low-intensity TES to localize human brain function. We summarize physiological substrates that constitute peripheral targets for TES and may mediate subliminal or overtly perceived peripheral stimulation during TES. We argue that peripheral co-stimulation may contribute to the behavioral effects of TES and should be controlled for by "sham" TES. We discuss biophysical properties of TES, which need to be considered, if one wishes to make realistic assumptions about which brain regions were preferentially targeted by TES. Using results from electric field calculations, we evaluate the validity of different strategies that have been used for selective spatial targeting. Finally, we comment on the challenge of adjusting the dose of TES considering dose-response relationships between the weak tissue currents and the physiological effects in targeted cortical areas. These considerations call for caution when attributing behavioral effects during or after low-intensity TES studies to a specific brain region and may facilitate the selection of best practices for future TES studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Ninija Karabanov
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Guilherme Bicalho Saturnino
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Axel Thielscher
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hartwig Roman Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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465
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Verhagen L, Gallea C, Folloni D, Constans C, Jensen DE, Ahnine H, Roumazeilles L, Santin M, Ahmed B, Lehericy S, Klein-Flügge MC, Krug K, Mars RB, Rushworth MF, Pouget P, Aubry JF, Sallet J. Offline impact of transcranial focused ultrasound on cortical activation in primates. eLife 2019; 8:40541. [PMID: 30747105 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40541.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand brain circuits it is necessary both to record and manipulate their activity. Transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) is a promising non-invasive brain stimulation technique. To date, investigations report short-lived neuromodulatory effects, but to deliver on its full potential for research and therapy, ultrasound protocols are required that induce longer-lasting 'offline' changes. Here, we present a TUS protocol that modulates brain activation in macaques for more than one hour after 40 s of stimulation, while circumventing auditory confounds. Normally activity in brain areas reflects activity in interconnected regions but TUS caused stimulated areas to interact more selectively with the rest of the brain. In a within-subject design, we observe regionally specific TUS effects for two medial frontal brain regions - supplementary motor area and frontal polar cortex. Independently of these site-specific effects, TUS also induced signal changes in the meningeal compartment. TUS effects were temporary and not associated with microstructural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Verhagen
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cécile Gallea
- Institute du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Centre for NeuroImaging Research (CENIR), Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Davide Folloni
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Constans
- Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Daria Ea Jensen
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Harry Ahnine
- Institute du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Centre for NeuroImaging Research (CENIR), Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Léa Roumazeilles
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mathieu Santin
- Institute du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Centre for NeuroImaging Research (CENIR), Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Bashir Ahmed
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stéphane Lehericy
- Institute du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Centre for NeuroImaging Research (CENIR), Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Miriam C Klein-Flügge
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kristine Krug
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rogier B Mars
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew Fs Rushworth
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre Pouget
- Institute du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UMRS 975 INSERM, CNRS 7225, UMPC, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Aubry
- Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Jerome Sallet
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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466
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Verhagen L, Gallea C, Folloni D, Constans C, Jensen DEA, Ahnine H, Roumazeilles L, Santin M, Ahmed B, Lehericy S, Klein-Flügge MC, Krug K, Mars RB, Rushworth MFS, Pouget P, Aubry JF, Sallet J. Offline impact of transcranial focused ultrasound on cortical activation in primates. eLife 2019; 8:e40541. [PMID: 30747105 PMCID: PMC6372282 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand brain circuits it is necessary both to record and manipulate their activity. Transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) is a promising non-invasive brain stimulation technique. To date, investigations report short-lived neuromodulatory effects, but to deliver on its full potential for research and therapy, ultrasound protocols are required that induce longer-lasting 'offline' changes. Here, we present a TUS protocol that modulates brain activation in macaques for more than one hour after 40 s of stimulation, while circumventing auditory confounds. Normally activity in brain areas reflects activity in interconnected regions but TUS caused stimulated areas to interact more selectively with the rest of the brain. In a within-subject design, we observe regionally specific TUS effects for two medial frontal brain regions - supplementary motor area and frontal polar cortex. Independently of these site-specific effects, TUS also induced signal changes in the meningeal compartment. TUS effects were temporary and not associated with microstructural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Verhagen
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental PsychologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesJohn Radcliffe Hospital, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Cécile Gallea
- Institute du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Centre for NeuroImaging Research (CENIR)Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
| | - Davide Folloni
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental PsychologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesJohn Radcliffe Hospital, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Constans
- Physics for Medicine ParisInserm, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Daria EA Jensen
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental PsychologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesJohn Radcliffe Hospital, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Harry Ahnine
- Institute du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Centre for NeuroImaging Research (CENIR)Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
| | - Léa Roumazeilles
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental PsychologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesJohn Radcliffe Hospital, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Mathieu Santin
- Institute du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Centre for NeuroImaging Research (CENIR)Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
| | - Bashir Ahmed
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Stéphane Lehericy
- Institute du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Centre for NeuroImaging Research (CENIR)Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
| | - Miriam C Klein-Flügge
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental PsychologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesJohn Radcliffe Hospital, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Kristine Krug
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Rogier B Mars
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesJohn Radcliffe Hospital, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud University NijmegenNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Matthew FS Rushworth
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental PsychologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesJohn Radcliffe Hospital, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Pierre Pouget
- Institute du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM)UMRS 975 INSERM, CNRS 7225, UMPCParisFrance
| | - Jean-François Aubry
- Physics for Medicine ParisInserm, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Jerome Sallet
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental PsychologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesJohn Radcliffe Hospital, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
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Folloni D, Verhagen L, Mars RB, Fouragnan E, Constans C, Aubry JF, Rushworth MFS, Sallet J. Manipulation of Subcortical and Deep Cortical Activity in the Primate Brain Using Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Stimulation. Neuron 2019; 101:1109-1116.e5. [PMID: 30765166 PMCID: PMC6520498 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The causal role of an area within a neural network can be determined by interfering with its activity and measuring the impact. Many current reversible manipulation techniques have limitations preventing their application, particularly in deep areas of the primate brain. Here, we demonstrate that a focused transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) protocol impacts activity even in deep brain areas: a subcortical brain structure, the amygdala (experiment 1), and a deep cortical region, the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC, experiment 2), in macaques. TUS neuromodulatory effects were measured by examining relationships between activity in each area and the rest of the brain using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In control conditions without sonication, activity in a given area is related to activity in interconnected regions, but such relationships are reduced after sonication, specifically for the targeted areas. Dissociable and focal effects on neural activity could not be explained by auditory confounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Folloni
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SR, UK; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Lennart Verhagen
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SR, UK; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Rogier B Mars
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 HR Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Elsa Fouragnan
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SR, UK; School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Charlotte Constans
- Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75012, France
| | - Jean-François Aubry
- Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University, Paris 75012, France
| | - Matthew F S Rushworth
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SR, UK; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Jérôme Sallet
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SR, UK; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
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468
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Vaz PG, Salazar APDS, Stein C, Marchese RR, Lukrafka JL, Plentz RDM, Pagnussat AS. Noninvasive brain stimulation combined with other therapies improves gait speed after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Top Stroke Rehabil 2019; 26:201-213. [PMID: 30735104 DOI: 10.1080/10749357.2019.1565696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques able to modulate cortical excitability. OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of NIBS combined with other therapies on gait speed after stroke. METHODS Electronic databases searched were PUBMED, EMBASE, COCHRANE, SCOPUS, SCIELO and PEDro. Eligibility criteria were randomized controlled trials that reported the effects of tDCS and rTMS combined with other therapies for improving gait speed, walking cadence, functional ambulation category (FAC) and motricity index (MI-LE) after stroke. Risk of bias was assessed by Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool. Mean differences (MD) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Quality of evidence was assessed by Grades of Researches, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. RESULTS Ten studies (226 subjects) were included in the meta-analysis. NIBS combined with other therapies was effective for improving gait speed (MD 0.09 m/s [95% CI, 0.05 to 0.13; I2 0%, p < 0.0001]). Gait speed improved in both acute/subacute (MD 0.08 m/s [95% CI, 0.02 to 0.14]) and chronic phases (MD 0.08 m/s [95% CI, 0.03 to 0.13]). Furthermore, inhibitory (MD 0.09 m/s [95% CI, 0.04 to 0.14]) and excitatory (MD 0.07 m/s [95% CI, 0.02 to 0.12]) protocols were effective to improve gait speed. NIBS was also effective to improve walking cadence but was unable to modify other outcomes (FAC and MI-LE). CONCLUSIONS This systematic review with meta-analysis synthesizes moderate-quality evidence that NIBS combined with other therapies are effective to improve gait speed after stroke. Systematic Review registration number: PROSPERO registration number CDR42015024237.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Graef Vaz
- a Health Sciences Graduate Program , Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,b Department of Physiotherapy , Centro Universitário Ritter dos Reis (UniRitter) - Laureate International Universities , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,c Movement Analysis and Neurological Rehabilitation Laboratory , Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Ana Paula da Silva Salazar
- c Movement Analysis and Neurological Rehabilitation Laboratory , Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,d Rehabilitation Sciences Graduate Program , Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Cinara Stein
- a Health Sciences Graduate Program , Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Ritchele Redivo Marchese
- c Movement Analysis and Neurological Rehabilitation Laboratory , Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Janice Luisa Lukrafka
- c Movement Analysis and Neurological Rehabilitation Laboratory , Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,d Rehabilitation Sciences Graduate Program , Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Della Méa Plentz
- a Health Sciences Graduate Program , Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,d Rehabilitation Sciences Graduate Program , Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Aline Souza Pagnussat
- a Health Sciences Graduate Program , Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,c Movement Analysis and Neurological Rehabilitation Laboratory , Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,d Rehabilitation Sciences Graduate Program , Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) , Porto Alegre , Brazil
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469
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Stein ER, Gibson BC, Votaw VR, Wilson AD, Clark VP, Witkiewitz K. Non-invasive brain stimulation in substance use disorders: implications for dissemination to clinical settings. Curr Opin Psychol 2019; 30:6-10. [PMID: 30684906 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
With expanding knowledge of how neural circuitry is disrupted in substance use disorders (SUD), non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques have emerged as potential strategies to directly modulate those neural circuits. There is some evidence supporting the two most common forms of NIBS, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), in the treatment of SUD. Yet results of recent studies have been mixed and critical methodological issues must be addressed before strong conclusions can be drawn. This review highlights recent evidence of NIBS for SUD, addressing the impact of stimulation on relevant clinical and cognitive outcomes in substance-using populations. Additionally, we aim to bring a clinical perspective to the opportunities and challenges of implementing neuromodulation in SUD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena R Stein
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, United States.
| | | | - Victoria R Votaw
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, United States
| | - Adam D Wilson
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, United States
| | - Vincent P Clark
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, United States
| | - Katie Witkiewitz
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, United States
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470
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Wang S, Itthipuripat S, Ku Y. Electrical Stimulation Over Human Posterior Parietal Cortex Selectively Enhances the Capacity of Visual Short-Term Memory. J Neurosci 2019; 39:528-536. [PMID: 30459222 PMCID: PMC6335754 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1959-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual short-term memory (VSTM) provides an on-line mental space for incoming sensory information to be temporally maintained to carry out complex behavioral tasks. Despite its essential functions, the capacity at which VSTM could maintain sensory information is limited (i.e., VSTM can hold only about three to four visual items at once). Moreover, the quality of sensory representation (i.e., precision) degrades as more information has to be maintained in VSTM. Correlational evidence suggests that the level and the pattern of neural activity measured in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) track both VSTM capacity and precision. However, the causal contributions of the PPC to these different VSTM operations are unclear. Here, we tested whether stimulating the PPC with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) could increase VSTM capacity or precision. We found that stimulating the PPC in male and female human participants selectively enhanced VSTM capacity when the number of memory items exceeded capacity limit, without significant effects on VSTM precision. Moreover, this enhancement of VSTM capacity is region specific as stimulating the prefrontal cortex did not change VSTM capacity or precision. Null stimulation effects in the sensory memory condition confirmed that the tDCS-induced enhancement of VSTM capacity was not simply due to changes in sensory or attentional processes. Altogether, these results provide causal evidence suggesting that the PPC has a more dominant role in supporting the storage capacity of VSTM compared with maintaining the quality of sensory representations. Furthermore, tDCS could be used as a promising noninvasive method to enhance this PPC VSTM-related function.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Correlational evidence from neuroimaging and electrophysiology suggests that the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) supports the storage capacity of visual short-term memory (VSTM) and the precision of sensory representations maintained in VSTM. However, the causal contributions of the PPC to these different VSTM functions were unclear. Here, we found that electrical stimulation over the PPC selectively enhanced VSTM capacity without changing VSTM precision. Overall, our findings suggest that the PPC has a dominant and causal role in supporting the storage capacity of VSTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Shanghai Changning-ECNU Mental Health Center, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
- Department of Psychology, Center for Integrative and Cognitive Neuroscience, and Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - Sirawaj Itthipuripat
- Department of Psychology, Center for Integrative and Cognitive Neuroscience, and Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
- Learning Institute, and
- Futuristic Research in Enigmatic Aesthetics Knowledge Laboratory, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand, and
| | - Yixuan Ku
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Shanghai Changning-ECNU Mental Health Center, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China,
- NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science, NYU Shanghai and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
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471
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Angius L, Marcora SM, Hopker JG, Mauger AR. The Effect of Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Over Left and Right Temporal Cortex on the Cardiovascular Response: A Comparative Study. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1822. [PMID: 30618831 PMCID: PMC6305457 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Stimulation of the right and left anterior insular cortex, increases and decreases the cardiovascular response respectively, thus indicating the brain’s lateralization of the neural control of circulation. Previous experiments have demonstrated that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) modulates the autonomic cardiovascular control when applied over the temporal cortex. Given the importance of neural control for a normal hemodynamic response, and the potential for the use of tDCS in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, this study investigated whether tDCS was capable of modulating autonomic regulation. Methods: Cardiovascular response was monitored during a post-exercise muscle ischemia (PEMI) test, which is well-documented to increase sympathetic drive. A group of 12 healthy participants performed a PEMI test in a control (Control), sham (Sham) and two different experimental sessions where the anodal electrode was applied over the left temporal cortex and right temporal cortex with the cathodal electrode placed over the contralateral supraorbital area. Stimulation lasted 20 min at 2 mA. The hemodynamic profile was measured during a PEMI test. The cardiovascular parameters were continuously measured with a transthoracic bio-impedance device both during the PEMI test and during tDCS. Results: None of the subjects presented any side effects during or after tDCS stimulation. A consistent cardiovascular response during PEMI test was observed in all conditions. Statistical analysis did not find any significant interaction and any significant main effect of condition on cardiovascular parameters (all ps > 0.316) after tDCS. No statistical differences regarding the hemodynamic responses were found between conditions and time during tDCS stimulation (p > 0.05). Discussion: This is the first study comparing the cardiovascular response after tDCS stimulation of left and right TC both during exercise and at rest. The results of the current study suggest that anodal tDCS of the left and right TC does not affect functional cardiovascular response during exercise PEMI test and during tDCS. In light of the present and previous findings, the effect of tDCS on the cardiovascular response remains inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Angius
- Endurance Research Group, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Samuele M Marcora
- Endurance Research Group, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - James G Hopker
- Endurance Research Group, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Alexis R Mauger
- Endurance Research Group, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, Kent, United Kingdom
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472
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Murteira A, Sowman PF, Nickels L. Does TMS Disruption of the Left Primary Motor Cortex Affect Verb Retrieval Following Exposure to Pantomimed Gestures? Front Neurosci 2019; 12:920. [PMID: 30618552 PMCID: PMC6299802 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research suggests that meaning-laden gestures, even when produced in the absence of language (i.e., pantomimed gestures), influence lexical retrieval. Yet, little is known about the neural mechanisms that underlie this process. Based on embodied cognition theories, many studies have demonstrated motor cortex involvement in the representation of action verbs and in the understanding of actions. The present study aimed to investigate whether the motor system plays a critical role in the behavioral influence of pantomimed gestures on action naming. Continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) was applied over the hand area of the left primary motor cortex and to a control site (occipital cortex). An action-picture naming task followed cTBS. In the naming task, participants named action pictures that were preceded by videos of congruent pantomimed gestures, unrelated pantomimed gestures or a control video with no movement (as a neutral, non-gestural condition). In addition to behavioral measures of performance, cTBS-induced changes in corticospinal activity were assessed. We replicated previous finding that exposure to congruent pantomimed gestures facilitates word production, compared to unrelated or neutral primes. However, we found no evidence that the left primary motor area is crucially involved in the mechanism underlying behavioral facilitation effects of gesture on verb production. Although, at the group level, cTBS induced motor cortex suppression, at the individual level we found remarkable variability of cTBS effects on the motor cortex. We found cTBS induction of both inhibition of corticospinal activity (with slower behavioral of responses) and enhancement (with faster behavioral responses). Our findings cast doubt on assumptions that the motor cortex is causally involved in the impact of gestures on action-word processing. Our results also highlight the importance of careful consideration of interindividual variability for the interpretation of cTBS effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Murteira
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,International Doctorate of Experimental Approaches to Language and Brain (IDEALAB), Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul F Sowman
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Perception in Action Research Centre, Faculty of Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lyndsey Nickels
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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473
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Adenzato M, Manenti R, Enrici I, Gobbi E, Brambilla M, Alberici A, Cotelli MS, Padovani A, Borroni B, Cotelli M. Transcranial direct current stimulation enhances theory of mind in Parkinson's disease patients with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study. Transl Neurodegener 2019; 8:1. [PMID: 30627430 PMCID: PMC6322239 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-018-0141-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson’s Disease (PD) with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (PD-MCI) represents one of the most dreaded complications for patients with PD and is associated with a higher risk of developing dementia. Although transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been demonstrated to improve motor and non-motor symptoms in PD, to date, no study has investigated the effects of tDCS on Theory of Mind (ToM), i.e., the ability to understand and predict other people’s behaviours, in PD-MCI. Methods In this randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study, we applied active tDCS over the medial frontal cortex (MFC) to modulate ToM performance in twenty patients with PD-MCI. Twenty matched healthy controls (HC) were also enrolled and were asked to perform the ToM task without receiving tDCS. Results In the patients with PD-MCI, i) ToM performance was worse than that in the HC, ii) ToM abilities were poorer in those with fronto-executive difficulties, and iii) tDCS over the MFC led to significant shortening of latency for ToM tasks. Conclusions We show for the first time that active tDCS over the MFC enhances ToM in patients with PD-MCI, and suggest that non-invasive brain stimulation could be used to ameliorate ToM deficits observed in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Adenzato
- 1Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Rosa Manenti
- 3Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio - Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ivan Enrici
- 4Department of Philosophy and Educational Sciences, University of Turin, via Gaudenzio Ferrari 9, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Gobbi
- 3Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio - Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michela Brambilla
- 3Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio - Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonella Alberici
- 5Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Sofia Cotelli
- 5Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Padovani
- 5Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Barbara Borroni
- 5Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Cotelli
- 3Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio - Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
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474
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Transcranial direct current stimulation induces hippocampal metaplasticity mediated by brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Neuropharmacology 2019; 144:358-367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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475
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Sierawska A, Prehn-Kristensen A, Moliadze V, Krauel K, Nowak R, Freitag CM, Siniatchkin M, Buyx A. Unmet Needs in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder-Can Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Fill the Gap? Promises and Ethical Challenges. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:334. [PMID: 31156480 PMCID: PMC6531921 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a disorder most frequently diagnosed in children and adolescents. Although ADHD can be effectively treated with psychostimulants, a significant proportion of patients discontinue treatment because of adverse events or insufficient improvement of symptoms. In addition, cognitive abilities that are frequently impaired in ADHD are not directly targeted by medication. Therefore, additional treatment options, especially to improve cognitive abilities, are needed. Because of its relatively easy application, well-established safety, and low cost, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising additional treatment option. Further research is needed to establish efficacy and to integrate this treatment into the clinical routine. In particular, limited evidence regarding the use of tDCS in children, lack of clear translational guidelines, and general challenges in conducting research with vulnerable populations pose a number of practical and ethical challenges to tDCS intervention studies. In this paper, we identify and discuss ethical issues related to research on tDCS and its potential therapeutic use for ADHD in children and adolescents. Relevant ethical issues in the tDCS research for pediatric ADHD center on safety, risk/benefit ratio, information and consent, labeling problems, and nonmedical use. Following an analysis of these issues, we developed a list of recommendations that can guide clinicians and researchers in conducting ethically sound research on tDCS in pediatric ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sierawska
- Division of Biomedical Ethics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexander Prehn-Kristensen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Centre for Integrative Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Vera Moliadze
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kerstin Krauel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Christine M Freitag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michael Siniatchkin
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center Bethel, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Alena Buyx
- Institute for History and Ethics in Medicine Medical School, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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476
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Salehinejad M, Nejati V. Cognition-engaging physical exercise for improving cognitive impairments in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A behavioral medicine approach. HEART AND MIND 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/hm.hm_54_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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477
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Derner M, Chaieb L, Surges R, Staresina BP, Fell J. Modulation of Item and Source Memory by Auditory Beat Stimulation: A Pilot Study With Intracranial EEG. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:500. [PMID: 30618681 PMCID: PMC6297717 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Auditory beat stimulation is an upcoming technique for non-invasive brain stimulation. Its influence on mediotemporal regions and memory processes has not yet been thoroughly investigated. A recent study suggests that auditory beats are able to alter intracranial EEG (iEEG) power and phase synchronization. 5 Hz binaural beat stimulation increased temporo-lateral phase synchronization, while 5 Hz monaural beat stimulation decreased mediotemporal synchronization. Based on the relevance of phase synchronization for memory operations, we hypothesized that 5 Hz binaural beat stimulation enhances, while 5 Hz monaural beat stimulation decreases long-term memory performance. We analyzed data from presurgical epilepsy patients with implanted depth electrodes in the hippocampus and rhinal cortex. 5 Hz monaural and binaural beat vs. control stimulation was applied while patients performed an associative learning task involving item and source recognition. We evaluated behavioral effects for item (hits minus false alarms) and source memory (correct minus incorrect) and the impact of auditory beats on iEEG power, rhinal-hippocampal phase synchronization and inter-trial phase locking. A three-way repeated measures ANOVA (encoding/retrieval, item/source, monaural/binaural/control) revealed a main effect of stimulation (p = 0.03) and a linear effect in the expected direction: binaural > control > monaural (p = 0.036). Both monaural and binaural stimulation were associated with increased phase locking of 5 Hz oscillations within rhinal cortex. These phase locking increases, however, corresponded to reverse phase shifts. Our data suggest that binaural vs. monaural 5 Hz stimulation increases vs. decreases long-term memory performance. These behavioral effects appear to be related to reverse phase shifts within rhinal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Derner
- Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Leila Chaieb
- Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rainer Surges
- Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Juergen Fell
- Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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478
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Vicario CM, Salehinejad MA, Felmingham K, Martino G, Nitsche MA. A systematic review on the therapeutic effectiveness of non-invasive brain stimulation for the treatment of anxiety disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 96:219-231. [PMID: 30543906 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The interest in the use of non-invasive brain stimulation for enhancing neural functions and reducing symptoms in anxiety disorders is growing. Based on the DSM-V classification for anxiety disorders, we examined all available research using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for the treatment of specific phobias, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia, and generalized anxiety disorder. A systematic literature search conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar databases provided 26 results: 12 sham-controlled studies and 15 not sham-controlled studies. With regard to the latter sub-group of studies, 9 were case reports, and 6 open label studies. Overall, our work provides preliminary evidence that both, excitatory stimulation of the left prefrontal cortex and inhibitory stimulation of the right prefrontal cortex can reduce symptom severity in anxiety disorders. The current results are discussed in the light of a model for the treatment for anxiety disorders via non-invasive brain stimulation, which is based on up-/downregulation mechanisms and might serve as guide for future systematic investigations in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Vicario
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cognitive, Psicologiche, Pedagogiche e degli studi culturali, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy; Dept. Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany; School of Psychology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.
| | - Mohammad Ali Salehinejad
- Dept. Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany; International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - K Felmingham
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - G Martino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cognitive, Psicologiche, Pedagogiche e degli studi culturali, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - M A Nitsche
- Dept. Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany; Dept. Neurology, University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
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479
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Hayek D, Flöel A, Antonenko D. Role of Sensorimotor Cortex in Gestural-Verbal Integration. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:482. [PMID: 30574078 PMCID: PMC6291781 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Action comprehension that is related to language or gestural integration has been shown to engage the motor system in the brain, thus providing preliminary evidence for the gestural-verbal embodiment concept. Based on the involvement of the sensorimotor cortex (M1) in language processing, we aimed to further explore its role in the cognitive embodiment necessary for gestural-verbal integration. As such, we applied anodal (excitatory) and sham transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the left M1 (with reference electrode over the contralateral supraorbital region) during a gestural-verbal integration task where subjects had to make a decision about the semantic congruency of the gesture (prime) and the word (target). We used a cross-over within-subject design in young subjects. Attentional load and simple reaction time (RT) tasks served as control conditions, applied during stimulation (order of three tasks was counterbalanced). Our results showed that anodal (atDCS) compared to sham tDCS (stDCS) reduced RTs in the gestural-verbal integration task, specifically for incongruent pairs of gestures and verbal expressions, with no effect on control task performance. Our findings provide evidence for the involvement of the sensorimotor system in gestural-verbal integration performance. Further, our results suggest that functional modulation induced by sensorimotor tDCS may be specific to gestural-verbal integration. Future studies should now evaluate the modulatory effect of tDCS on semantic congruency by using tDCS over additional brain regions and include assessments of neural connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayana Hayek
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Neurology, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Agnes Flöel
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Neurology, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Daria Antonenko
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Neurology, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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480
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Mansouri F, Fettes P, Schulze L, Giacobbe P, Zariffa J, Downar J. A Real-Time Phase-Locking System for Non-invasive Brain Stimulation. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:877. [PMID: 30559641 PMCID: PMC6287008 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques are entering widespread use for the investigation and treatment of a range of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. However, most current techniques are ‘open-loop’, without feedback from target brain region activity; this limitation could contribute to heterogeneous effects seen for nominally ‘inhibitory’ and ‘excitatory’ protocols across individuals. More potent and consistent effects may ensue from closed-loop and, in particular, phase-locked brain stimulation. In this work, a closed-loop brain stimulation system is introduced that can analyze EEG data in real-time, provide a forecast of the phase of an underlying brain rhythm of interest, and control pulsed transcranial electromagnetic stimulation to deliver pulses at a specific phase of the target frequency band. The technique was implemented using readily available equipment such as a basic EEG system, a low-cost Arduino board and MATLAB scripts. The phase-locked brain stimulation method was tested in 5 healthy volunteers and its phase-locking performance evaluated at 0, 90, 180, and 270 degree phases in theta and alpha frequency bands. On average phase locking values of 0.55° ± 0.11° and 0.52° ± 0.14° and error angles of 11° ± 11° and 3.3° ± 18° were achieved for theta and alpha stimulation, respectively. Despite the low-cost hardware implementation, signal processing time generated a phase delay of only 3.8° for theta and 57° for alpha stimulation, both readily accommodated in the pulse trigger algorithm. This work lays the methodological steps for achieving phase-locked brain stimulation for brief-pulse transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), facilitating further research on the effect of stimulation phase for these techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrokh Mansouri
- Institute of Biomaterial and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Fettes
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laura Schulze
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Giacobbe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jose Zariffa
- Institute of Biomaterial and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan Downar
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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481
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Keysers C, Paracampo R, Gazzola V. What neuromodulation and lesion studies tell us about the function of the mirror neuron system and embodied cognition. Curr Opin Psychol 2018; 24:35-40. [PMID: 29734039 PMCID: PMC6173305 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We review neuromodulation and lesion studies that address how activations in the mirror neuron system contribute to our perception of observed actions. Past reviews showed disruptions of this parieto-premotor network impair imitation and goal and kinematic processing. Recent studies bring five new themes. First, focal perturbations of a node of that circuit lead to changes across all nodes. Second, primary somatosensory cortex is an integral part of this network suggesting embodied representations are somatosensory-motor. Third, disturbing this network impairs the ability to predict the actions of others in the close (∼300ms) future. Fourth, disruptions impair our ability to coordinate our actions with others. Fifth, disrupting this network, the insula or cingulate also impairs emotion recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Keysers
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Art and Sciences (KNAW), Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Amsterdam (UvA), 1001 NK Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Riccardo Paracampo
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Art and Sciences (KNAW), Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Valeria Gazzola
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Art and Sciences (KNAW), Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Amsterdam (UvA), 1001 NK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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482
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Realistic modeling of transcranial current stimulation: The electric field in the brain. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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483
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Liu A, Vöröslakos M, Kronberg G, Henin S, Krause MR, Huang Y, Opitz A, Mehta A, Pack CC, Krekelberg B, Berényi A, Parra LC, Melloni L, Devinsky O, Buzsáki G. Immediate neurophysiological effects of transcranial electrical stimulation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5092. [PMID: 30504921 PMCID: PMC6269428 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07233-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive brain stimulation techniques are used in experimental and clinical fields for their potential effects on brain network dynamics and behavior. Transcranial electrical stimulation (TES), including transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), has gained popularity because of its convenience and potential as a chronic therapy. However, a mechanistic understanding of TES has lagged behind its widespread adoption. Here, we review data and modelling on the immediate neurophysiological effects of TES in vitro as well as in vivo in both humans and other animals. While it remains unclear how typical TES protocols affect neural activity, we propose that validated models of current flow should inform study design and artifacts should be carefully excluded during signal recording and analysis. Potential indirect effects of TES (e.g., peripheral stimulation) should be investigated in more detail and further explored in experimental designs. We also consider how novel technologies may stimulate the next generation of TES experiments and devices, thus enhancing validity, specificity, and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anli Liu
- New York University Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, 223 34th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Health, 222 East 41st Street, 14th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Mihály Vöröslakos
- MTA-SZTE 'Momentum' Oscillatory Neuronal Networks Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 10 Dom sq., Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
- New York University Neuroscience Institute, 435 East 30th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Greg Kronberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Simon Henin
- New York University Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, 223 34th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Health, 222 East 41st Street, 14th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Matthew R Krause
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Alexander Opitz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering of Minnesota, 312 Church St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Ashesh Mehta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, 611 Northern Blvd, Great Neck, NY, 11021, USA
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Christopher C Pack
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Bart Krekelberg
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 197 University Avenue, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Antal Berényi
- MTA-SZTE 'Momentum' Oscillatory Neuronal Networks Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 10 Dom sq., Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Lucas C Parra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Lucia Melloni
- New York University Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, 223 34th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Health, 222 East 41st Street, 14th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Grüneburgweg 14, 60322, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- New York University Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, 223 34th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Health, 222 East 41st Street, 14th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - György Buzsáki
- New York University Neuroscience Institute, 435 East 30th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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484
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Gibson BC, Sanguinetti JL, Badran BW, Yu AB, Klein EP, Abbott CC, Hansberger JT, Clark VP. Increased Excitability Induced in the Primary Motor Cortex by Transcranial Ultrasound Stimulation. Front Neurol 2018; 9:1007. [PMID: 30546342 PMCID: PMC6280333 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.01007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Transcranial Ultrasound Stimulation (tUS) is an emerging technique that uses ultrasonic waves to noninvasively modulate brain activity. As with other forms of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS), tUS may be useful for altering cortical excitability and neuroplasticity for a variety of research and clinical applications. The effects of tUS on cortical excitability are still unclear, and further complications arise from the wide parameter space offered by various types of devices, transducer arrangements, and stimulation protocols. Diagnostic ultrasound imaging devices are safe, commonly available systems that may be useful for tUS. However, the feasibility of modifying brain activity with diagnostic tUS is currently unknown. Objective: We aimed to examine the effects of a commercial diagnostic tUS device using an imaging protocol on cortical excitability. We hypothesized that imaging tUS applied to motor cortex could induce changes in cortical excitability as measured using a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) motor evoked potential (MEP) paradigm. Methods: Forty-three subjects were assigned to receive either verum (n = 21) or sham (n = 22) diagnostic tUS in a single-blind design. Baseline motor cortex excitability was measured using MEPs elicited by TMS. Diagnostic tUS was subsequently administered to the same cortical area for 2 min, immediately followed by repeated post-stimulation MEPs recorded up to 16 min post-stimulation. Results: Verum tUS increased excitability in the motor cortex (from baseline) by 33.7% immediately following tUS (p = 0.009), and 32.4% (p = 0.047) 6 min later, with excitability no longer significantly different from baseline by 11 min post-stimulation. By contrast, subjects receiving sham tUS showed no significant changes in MEP amplitude. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that tUS delivered via a commercially available diagnostic imaging ultrasound system transiently increases excitability in the motor cortex as measured by MEPs. Diagnostic tUS devices are currently used for internal imaging in many health care settings, and the present results suggest that these same devices may also offer a promising tool for noninvasively modulating activity in the central nervous system. Further studies exploring the use of diagnostic imaging devices for neuromodulation are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C. Gibson
- Psychology Clinical Neuroscience Center, Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Joseph L. Sanguinetti
- Psychology Clinical Neuroscience Center, Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, United States
| | - Bashar W. Badran
- Psychology Clinical Neuroscience Center, Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, United States
- Brain Stimulation Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Alfred B. Yu
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, United States
| | - Evan P. Klein
- Psychology Clinical Neuroscience Center, Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Christopher C. Abbott
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | | | - Vincent P. Clark
- Psychology Clinical Neuroscience Center, Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- The Mind Research Network & LBERI, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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485
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Abellaneda-Pérez K, Vaqué-Alcázar L, Vidal-Piñeiro D, Jannati A, Solana E, Bargalló N, Santarnecchi E, Pascual-Leone A, Bartrés-Faz D. Age-related differences in default-mode network connectivity in response to intermittent theta-burst stimulation and its relationships with maintained cognition and brain integrity in healthy aging. Neuroimage 2018; 188:794-806. [PMID: 30472372 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The default-mode network (DMN) is affected by advancing age, where particularly long-range connectivity has been consistently reported to be reduced as compared to young individuals. We examined whether there were any differences in the effects of intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) in DMN connectivity between younger and older adults, its associations with cognition and brain integrity, as well as with long-term cognitive status. Twenty-four younger and 27 cognitively normal older adults were randomly assigned to receive real or sham iTBS over the left inferior parietal lobule between two resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) acquisitions. Three years later, those older adults who had received real iTBS underwent a cognitive follow-up assessment. Among the younger adults, functional connectivity increased following iTBS in distal DMN areas from the stimulation site. In contrast, older adults exhibited increases in connectivity following iTBS in proximal DMN regions. Moreover, older adults with functional responses to iTBS resembling those of the younger participants exhibited greater brain integrity and higher cognitive performance at baseline and at the 3-year follow-up, along with less cognitive decline. Finally, we observed that 'young-like' functional responses to iTBS were also related to the educational background attained amongst older adults. The present study reveals that functional responses of the DMN to iTBS are modulated by age. Furthermore, combining iTBS and rs-fMRI in older adults may allow characterizing distinctive cognitive profiles in aging and its progression, probably reflecting network plasticity systems that may entail a neurobiological substrate of cognitive reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian Abellaneda-Pérez
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lídia Vaqué-Alcázar
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ali Jannati
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation and Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elisabeth Solana
- Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Bargalló
- Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Magnetic Resonance Image Core Facility (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Neuroradiology Section, Radiology Service, Centre de Diagnòstic per la Imatge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emiliano Santarnecchi
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation and Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Siena Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Alvaro Pascual-Leone
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation and Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Autonomous University of Barcelona, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació Guttmann, Badalona, Spain
| | - David Bartrés-Faz
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Autonomous University of Barcelona, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació Guttmann, Badalona, Spain.
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486
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Opitz A, Yeagle E, Thielscher A, Schroeder C, Mehta AD, Milham MP. On the importance of precise electrode placement for targeted transcranial electric stimulation. Neuroimage 2018; 181:560-567. [PMID: 30010008 PMCID: PMC6139038 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial electric stimulation (TES) is an increasingly popular method for non-invasive modulation of brain activity and a potential treatment for neuropsychiatric disorders. However, there are concerns about the reliability of its application because of variability in TES-induced intracranial electric fields across individuals. While realistic computational models offer can help to alleviate these concerns, their direct empirical validation is sparse, and their practical implications are not always clear. In this study, we combine direct intracranial measurements of electric fields generated by TES in surgical epilepsy patients with computational modeling. First, we directly validate the computational models and identify key parameters needed for accurate model predictions. Second, we derive practical guidelines for a reliable application of TES in terms of the precision of electrode placement needed to achieve a desired electric field distribution. Based on our results, we recommend electrode placement accuracy to be < 1 cm for a reliable application of TES across sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Opitz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA; Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Erin Yeagle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Axel Thielscher
- Danish Research Center for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Charles Schroeder
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Departments of Neurological Surgery and Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, USA
| | - Ashesh D Mehta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Michael P Milham
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA
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487
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Naish KR, Vedelago L, MacKillop J, Amlung M. Effects of neuromodulation on cognitive performance in individuals exhibiting addictive behaviors: A systematic review. Drug Alcohol Depend 2018; 192:338-351. [PMID: 30317162 PMCID: PMC8995136 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing interest in non-invasive brain stimulation techniques as treatments for addictive disorders. While multiple reviews have examined the effects of neuromodulation on craving and consumption, there has been no review of how neuromodulation affects cognitive functioning in addiction. This systematic review examined studies of the cognitive effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in individuals exhibiting addictive behavior. METHODS Articles were identified through searches in PubMed and PsycINFO conducted in October 2017. Eligible studies investigated the effects of tDCS or TMS on cognitive task performance in participants reporting substance use (e.g., alcohol, tobacco, or drugs) or addictive behaviors (e.g., gambling). Tasks were organized into five domains: (1) Inhibitory control, (2) Risk-taking, (3) Impulsive choice (delay discounting), (4) Executive function, and (5) Implicit biases. RESULTS Twenty-four articles met the inclusion criteria. Fifty-seven percent of studies used tDCS and 43% used TMS, with nearly all studies (96%) targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Ten studies reported significant within-subject modulation of cognitive functioning associated with active TMS or tDCS, with the same number reporting no change in cognitive performance. Of four studies that included both an experimental and control participant group, three showed between-group differences in the effects of neuromodulation. CONCLUSIONS While positive effects in several studies suggest that tDCS and TMS improve cognitive functioning in addiction, there is substantial heterogeneity across studies. We discuss person-related and methodological factors that could explain inconsistencies, and propose individualized stimulation protocols may sharpen the cognitive effects of neuromodulation in addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R. Naish
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton and McMaster University 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, Ontario, L8P 3R2, Canada
| | - Lana Vedelago
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton and McMaster University, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, Ontario, L8P 3R2, Canada.
| | - James MacKillop
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton and McMaster University, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, Ontario, L8P 3R2, Canada.
| | - Michael Amlung
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton and McMaster University, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, Ontario, L8P 3R2, Canada.
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488
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Modulation of Motor Learning Capacity by Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation. Neuroscience 2018; 391:131-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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489
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Koops S, Blom JD, Bouachmir O, Slot MI, Neggers B, Sommer IE. Treating auditory hallucinations with transcranial direct current stimulation in a double-blind, randomized trial. Schizophr Res 2018; 201:329-336. [PMID: 29934249 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) could be a treatment option for medication-resistant auditory hallucinations (AH), but so far results have been inconclusive, and large sample trials have been missing. This study used tDCS as a treatment method for these hallucinations in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study with a relatively large sample size. METHODS Fifty-four patients of several diagnostic categories with medication-resistant AH were randomized and treated during 10 sessions of 20 min each, with either 2 mA tDCS or placebo, administered on five consecutive days (i.e., two sessions per day). Anodal stimulation was targeted at the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, cathodal stimulation at the left temporoparietal junction. AH severity was assessed using the Auditory Hallucination Rating Scale (AHRS). Other outcome measures were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Stroop, and the Trail Making Test. RESULTS AH frequency and severity decreased significantly over time, as did the scores on the total and general subscales of the PANSS. However, there was no significant interaction effect with the treatment group on any of the main outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence that tDCS is more effective for medication-resistant AH than placebo, even though AH frequency and severity decreased in both groups. An alternative strategy may be to offer tDCS at an earlier stage of illness. In the light of recent investigations into the neurophysiological mechanisms behind tDCS, we may also have to consider the possibility that tDCS is not able to induce any long-lasting brain changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Koops
- Psychiatry Department, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Jan Dirk Blom
- Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, Kiwistraat 43, 2552 DH The Hague, the Netherlands; Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9555, 2300 RB Leiden, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Ouarda Bouachmir
- Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, Kiwistraat 43, 2552 DH The Hague, the Netherlands.
| | - Margot I Slot
- Psychiatry Department, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Bas Neggers
- Psychiatry Department, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Iris E Sommer
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Deusinglaan 2, 9713 AW Groningen, the Netherlands; Faculty of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Jonas Liesvei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway.
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490
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Transcranial direct current stimulation combined with cognitive training for the treatment of Parkinson Disease: A randomized, placebo-controlled study. Brain Stimul 2018; 11:1251-1262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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491
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Röhner F, Breitling C, Rufener KS, Heinze HJ, Hinrichs H, Krauel K, Sweeney-Reed CM. Modulation of Working Memory Using Transcranial Electrical Stimulation: A Direct Comparison Between TACS and TDCS. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:761. [PMID: 30405341 PMCID: PMC6206050 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) has been considered a promising tool for improving working memory (WM) performance. Recent studies have demonstrated modulation of networks underpinning WM processing through application of transcranial alternating current (TACS) as well as direct current (TDCS) stimulation. Differences between study designs have limited direct comparison of the efficacy of these approaches, however. Here we directly compared the effects of theta TACS (6 Hz) and anodal TDCS on WM, applying TACS to the frontal-parietal loop and TDCS to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). WM was evaluated using a visual 2-back WM task. A within-subject, crossover design was applied (N = 30) in three separate sessions. TACS, TDCS, and sham stimulation were administered in a counterbalanced order, and the WM task was performed before, during, and after stimulation. Neither reaction times for hits (RT-hit) nor accuracy differed according to stimulation type with this study design. A marked practice effect was noted, however, with improvement in RT-hit irrespective of stimulation type, which peaked at the end of the second session. Pre-stimulation RT-hits in session three returned to the level observed pre-stimulation in session two, irrespective of stimulation type. The participants who received sham stimulation in session one and had therefore improved their performance due to practice alone, had thus reached a plateau by session two, enabling us to pool RT-hits from sessions two and three for these participants. The pooling allowed implementation of a within-subject crossover study design, with a direct comparison of the effects of TACS and TDCS in a subgroup of participants (N = 10), each of whom received both stimulation types, in a counterbalanced order, with pre-stimulation performance the same for both sessions. TACS resulted in a greater improvement in RT-hits than TDCS (F(2,18) = 4.31 p = 0.03). Our findings suggest that future work optimizing the application of TACS has the potential to facilitate WM performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Röhner
- Neurocybernetics and Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology and Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Carolin Breitling
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katharina S Rufener
- Department of Neurology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jochen Heinze
- Department of Neurology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Hinrichs
- Department of Neurology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Krauel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Catherine M Sweeney-Reed
- Neurocybernetics and Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology and Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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492
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Animal models in addiction research: A dimensional approach. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 106:91-101. [PMID: 30309630 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Drug addiction affects approximately 10% of the population and these numbers are rising. Treatment and prevention of addiction are impeded by current diagnostic systems, such as DSM-5, which are based on outcomes rather than processes. Here, we review the importance of adopting a dimensional framework, specifically the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC), to identify protective and vulnerability mechanisms in addiction. We discuss how preclinical researchers should work within this framework to develop animal models based on domains of function. We highlight RDoC paradigms related to addiction and discuss how these can be used to investigate the biological underpinnings of an addiction cycle (i.e., binge/intoxication, negative affect, and craving). Using this information, we then outline the critical role of animal research in ongoing revisions to the RDoC matrix (specifically the functional significance of domains, constructs and subconstructs) and its contribution to the development and refinement of addiction theories. We conclude with an overview of the contribution that animal research has made to the development of pharmacological and behavioural treatments for addiction.
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493
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Angius L, Pascual-Leone A, Santarnecchi E. Brain stimulation and physical performance. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2018; 240:317-339. [PMID: 30390837 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques have been used for decades to study brain function and for the treatment of various neurological disease. These techniques involve the passage of electrical current or magnetic field in a controlled manner to a targeted brain area. Recently, experimental studies explored the application of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for the improvement of physical performance in healthy individuals. In this chapter we reviewed and analyzed the current scientific literature, highlighted methodological limitations and also suggested possible neurophysiological mechanisms. The chapter also provides some technical and theoretical research-based principles for future research, to promote a better understanding of potential and caveats of this emerging field. Finally, ethical and regulatory issues related to performance enhancement via non-invasive brain stimulation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Angius
- Endurance Research Group, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, Chatham Maritime, United Kingdom.
| | - Alvaro Pascual-Leone
- Berenson-Allen Center for Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitacio Guttmann, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emiliano Santarnecchi
- Berenson-Allen Center for Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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494
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Han XY, Chen ZH, Zeng JZ, Fan QX, Fang ZQ, Shi G, Zhang M. Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Tongue-Mimic for Time-Resolved Luminescent Noninvasive Pattern and Chiral Recognition of Thiols in Biofluids toward Healthcare Monitoring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:31725-31734. [PMID: 30148952 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b13498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, manganese(II)-doped zinc/germanium oxide nanoparticles (Mn@ZGNPs) have been hydrothermally synthesized to equip with appealing time-resolved luminescence (TRL). Interestingly, we reveal that they can be readily quenched ("turn off") via a facile surface coating with bioinspired polydopamine (PDA) polymerized from dopamine (DA), resulting from PDA-triggered TRL resonance energy transfer (TRL-RET). By integrated with the thiol-induced inhibition of PDA formation, an ingenious inorganic-organic hybrid tongue-mimic sensor array is thus unveiled for noninvasive pattern recognition of thiols in biofluids in a TRL-RET-reversed "turn on" format toward healthcare monitoring. The sensing principle is based on the new finding that there are differential inhibitions from thiols against the polymerization of DA with various concentrations. Furthermore, density function theory (DFT) studies excellently prove our sensing principle and experimental results, reinforcing the power of the presented system. More importantly, chiral recognition of varied concentrations and mixtures of cysteine enantiomers using our platform are also been demonstrated, promising its practical usage. This is a novel concept of inorganic-organic hybrid-based pattern and chiral recognition platform for TRL background-free sensing and would sprout more novel relevant strategies toward broader applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yue Han
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration , East China Normal University , Dongchuan Road 500 , Shanghai 200241 , China
| | - Zi-Han Chen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration , East China Normal University , Dongchuan Road 500 , Shanghai 200241 , China
| | - Jin-Zhe Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration , East China Normal University , Dongchuan Road 500 , Shanghai 200241 , China
| | - Qian-Xi Fan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration , East China Normal University , Dongchuan Road 500 , Shanghai 200241 , China
| | - Zheng-Qi Fang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration , East China Normal University , Dongchuan Road 500 , Shanghai 200241 , China
| | - Guoyue Shi
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration , East China Normal University , Dongchuan Road 500 , Shanghai 200241 , China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration , East China Normal University , Dongchuan Road 500 , Shanghai 200241 , China
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495
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Reteig LC, Knapen T, Roelofs FJFW, Ridderinkhof KR, Slagter HA. No Evidence That Frontal Eye Field tDCS Affects Latency or Accuracy of Prosaccades. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:617. [PMID: 30233300 PMCID: PMC6135207 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) may be used to directly affect neural activity from outside of the skull. However, its exact physiological mechanisms remain elusive, particularly when applied to new brain areas. The frontal eye field (FEF) has rarely been targeted with tDCS, even though it plays a crucial role in control of overt and covert spatial attention. Here, we investigate whether tDCS over the FEF can affect the latency and accuracy of saccadic eye movements. Twenty-six participants performed a prosaccade task in which they made eye movements to a sudden-onset eccentric visual target (lateral saccades). After each lateral saccade, they made an eye movement back to the center (center saccades). The task was administered before, during, and after anodal or cathodal tDCS over the FEF, in a randomized, double-blind, within-subject design. One previous study (Kanai et al., 2012) found that anodal tDCS over the FEF decreased the latency of saccades contralateral to the stimulated hemisphere. We did not find the same effect: neither anodal nor cathodal tDCS influenced the latency of lateral saccades. tDCS also did not affect accuracy of lateral saccades (saccade endpoint deviation and saccade endpoint variability). For center saccades, we found some differences between the anodal and cathodal sessions, but these were not consistent across analyses (latency, endpoint variability), or were already present before tDCS onset (endpoint deviation). We tried to improve on the design of Kanai et al. (2012) in several ways, including the tDCS duration and electrode montage, which could explain the discrepant results. Our findings add to a growing number of null results, which have sparked concerns that tDCS outcomes are highly variable. Future studies should aim to establish the boundary conditions for FEF-tDCS to be effective, in addition to increasing sample size and adding additional controls such as a sham condition. At present, we conclude that it is unclear whether eye movements or other aspects of spatial attention can be affected through tDCS of the frontal eye fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon C. Reteig
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tomas Knapen
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - K. Richard Ridderinkhof
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Heleen A. Slagter
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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496
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Mehta UM. Roadblocks to driving cognitive gains through transcranial electrical stimulation. Schizophr Res 2018; 199:44-45. [PMID: 29669695 PMCID: PMC7610503 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Urvakhsh Meherwan Mehta
- Assistant Professor of Psychiatry & Wellcome Trust/DBT India Alliance Early Career Fellow, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.
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497
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Abstract
Direct current stimulation is a neuromodulatory noninvasive brain stimulation tool, which was first introduced in animal and human experiments in the 1950s, and added to the standard arsenal of methods to alter brain physiology as well as psychological, motor, and behavioral processes and clinical symptoms in neurological and psychiatric diseases about 20 years ago. In contrast to other noninvasive brain stimulation tools, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, it does not directly induce cerebral activity, but rather alters spontaneous brain activity and excitability by subthreshold modulation of neuronal membranes. Beyond acute effects on brain functions, specific protocols are suited to induce long-lasting alterations of cortical excitability and activity, which share features with long-term potentiation and depression. These neuroplastic processes are important foundations for various cognitive functions such as learning and memory formation and are pathologically altered in numerous neurological and psychiatric diseases. This explains the increasing interest to investigate transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) as a therapeutic tool. However, for tDCS to be used effectively, it is crucial to be informed about physiological mechanisms of action. These have been increasingly elucidated during the last years. This review gives an overview of the current knowledge available regarding physiological mechanisms of tDCS, spanning from acute regional effects, over neuroplastic effects to its impact on cerebral networks. Although knowledge about the physiological effects of tDCS is still not complete, this might help to guide applications on a scientifically sound foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Antal
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Göttingen
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498
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Antonenko D, Nierhaus T, Meinzer M, Prehn K, Thielscher A, Ittermann B, Flöel A. Age-dependent effects of brain stimulation on network centrality. Neuroimage 2018; 176:71-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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499
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Mansvelder HD, Verhoog MB, Goriounova NA. Synaptic plasticity in human cortical circuits: cellular mechanisms of learning and memory in the human brain? Curr Opin Neurobiol 2018; 54:186-193. [PMID: 30017789 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity is the cellular basis of learning and memory, but to what extent this holds for the adult human brain is not known. To study synaptic plasticity in human neuronal circuits poses a huge challenge, since live human neurons and synapses are not readily accessible. Despite this, various lines of research have provided insights in properties of adult human synapses and their plasticity both in vitro and in vivo, with some unexpected surprises. We first discuss the experimental approaches to study activity-dependent plasticity of adult human synapses, and then highlight rules and mechanisms of Hebbian spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) found in these synapses. Finally, we conclude with thoughts on how these synaptic principles can underlie human learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibert D Mansvelder
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Matthijs B Verhoog
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Natalia A Goriounova
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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500
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Widhalm ML, Rose NS. How can transcranial magnetic stimulation be used to causally manipulate memory representations in the human brain? WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. COGNITIVE SCIENCE 2018; 10:e1469. [DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan L. Widhalm
- Department of Psychology University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana
| | - Nathan S. Rose
- Department of Psychology University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana
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