501
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Evans S, Mikocka-Walus A, Klas A, Olive L, Sciberras E, Karantzas G, Westrupp EM. From " It Has Stopped Our Lives" to " Spending More Time Together Has Strengthened Bonds": The Varied Experiences of Australian Families During COVID-19. Front Psychol 2020; 11:588667. [PMID: 33192922 PMCID: PMC7606874 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.588667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study uses a qualitative approach to understand the impact of COVID-19 on family life. Australian parents of children aged 0-18 years were recruited via social media between April 8 and April 28, 2020, when Australians were experiencing social distancing/isolation measures for the first time. As part of a larger survey, participants were asked to respond via an open-ended question about how COVID-19 had impacted their family. A total of 2,130 parents were included and represented a diverse range of family backgrounds. Inductive template thematic analysis was used to understand patterns of meaning across the texts. Six themes were derived from the data, including "Boredom, depression and suicide: A spectrum of emotion," "Families are missing the things that keep them healthy," "Changing family relationships: The push pull of intimacy," "The unprecedented demands of parenthood," "The unequal burden of COVID-19," and "Holding on to positivity." Overall, the findings demonstrated a breadth of responses. Messages around loss and challenge were predominant, with many families reporting mental health difficulties and strained family relationships. However, not all families were negatively impacted by the restrictions, with some families reporting positive benefits and meaning, including opportunities for strengthening relationships, finding new hobbies, and developing positive characteristics such as appreciation, gratitude, and tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadra Evans
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Antonina Mikocka-Walus
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Anna Klas
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Lisa Olive
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Institute for Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Emma Sciberras
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gery Karantzas
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Elizabeth M. Westrupp
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- The Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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502
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Stanton J, Thomas DR, Jarbin M, MacKay P. Self-determination theory in acute child and adolescent mental health inpatient care. A qualitative exploratory study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239815. [PMID: 33064721 PMCID: PMC7567378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is a dearth of research to guide acute adolescent mental health inpatient care. Self-determination Theory provides evidence that meeting needs for relatedness, autonomy and competence is likely to increase wellbeing and intrinsic motivation. These needs may be able to be met in the inpatient environment. Method This qualitative study aimed to explore young people’s experience of acute mental health inpatient care with particular attention to meeting of these three needs. Fifteen young people were interviewed. The importance of relatedness with staff, other young people and families was identified. Results Relatedness with staff and peers were valued parts of admission. Some young people describe enhanced relatedness with family. They described loss of autonomy as a negative experience but appreciated opportunities to be involved in choices around their care and having more freedom. Coming into hospital was associated with loss of competence but they described building competence during the admission. Engaging in activities was experienced positively and appeared to enhance meeting of all three needs. Meeting of the three needs was associated with an experience of increased safety. Conclusions Engaging young people in activities with a focus on relatedness, autonomy and competence may have specific therapeutic potential. Autonomy, experience of competence and connection with staff may enhance safety more effectively than physical containment. Peer contact may have untapped therapeutic value we understand little of. This study supports the value of Self-determination Theory as a guide day to day inpatient care to meet the needs of adolescents for relatedness, autonomy and competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Stanton
- Child and Family Unit, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David R Thomas
- Social and Community Health, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Maarten Jarbin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Pauline MacKay
- Child and Family Unit, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
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503
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Suen LW, Lunn MR, Katuzny K, Finn S, Duncan L, Sevelius J, Flentje A, Capriotti MR, Lubensky ME, Hunt C, Weber S, Bibbins-Domingo K, Obedin-Maliver J. What Sexual and Gender Minority People Want Researchers to Know About Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Questions: A Qualitative Study. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2020; 49:2301-2318. [PMID: 32875381 PMCID: PMC7497435 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-020-01810-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Sexual and gender minority (SGM) people-including members of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer communities-are understudied and underrepresented in research. Current sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) questions do not sufficiently engage SGM people, and there is a critical gap in understanding how SOGI questions reduce inclusion and accurate empirical representation. We conducted a qualitative study to answer the question, "For SGM people, what are the major limitations with current SOGI questions?" Focus groups probed reactions to SOGI questions adapted from prior national surveys and clinical best practice guidelines. Questions were refined and presented in semi-structured cognitive interviews. Template analysis using a priori themes guided analysis. There were 74 participants: 55 in nine focus groups and 19 in cognitive interviews. Participants were diverse: 51.3% identified as gender minorities, 87.8% as sexual minorities, 8.1% as Hispanic/Latinx, 13.5% as Black or African-American, and 43.2% as Non-white. Two major themes emerged: (1) SOGI questions did not allow for identity fluidity and complexity, reducing inclusion and representation, and (2) SOGI question stems and answer choices were often not clear as to which SOGI dimension was being assessed. To our knowledge, this represents the largest body of qualitative data studying SGM perspectives when responding to SOGI questions. We present recommendations for future development and use of SOGI measures. Attention to these topics may improve meaningful participation of SGM people in research and implementation of such research within and for SGM communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie W Suen
- The PRIDE Study/PRIDEnet, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1701 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mitchell R Lunn
- The PRIDE Study/PRIDEnet, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1701 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Katie Katuzny
- The PRIDE Study/PRIDEnet, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1701 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
- Alliance Health Project, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sacha Finn
- University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Laura Duncan
- University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jae Sevelius
- The PRIDE Study/PRIDEnet, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1701 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
- Division of Prevention Science, Department of Medicine, Center of Excellence for Transgender Health, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Annesa Flentje
- The PRIDE Study/PRIDEnet, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1701 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
- School of Nursing-Community Health Systems, University of California, San Francisco School of Nursing, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Micah E Lubensky
- The PRIDE Study/PRIDEnet, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1701 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
- School of Nursing-Community Health Systems, University of California, San Francisco School of Nursing, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carolyn Hunt
- The PRIDE Study/PRIDEnet, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1701 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
- University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shannon Weber
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Juno Obedin-Maliver
- The PRIDE Study/PRIDEnet, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1701 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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504
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Gunn H, Andrade J, Paul L, Miller L, Creanor S, Stevens K, Green C, Ewings P, Barton A, Berrow M, Vickery J, Marshall B, Zajicek J, Freeman J. A self-management programme to reduce falls and improve safe mobility in people with secondary progressive MS: the BRiMS feasibility RCT. Health Technol Assess 2020; 23:1-166. [PMID: 31217069 DOI: 10.3310/hta23270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Balance, mobility impairments and falls are common problems for people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Our ongoing research has led to the development of Balance Right in MS (BRiMS), a 13-week home- and group-based exercise and education programme intended to improve balance and encourage safer mobility. OBJECTIVE This feasibility trial aimed to obtain the necessary data and operational experience to finalise the planning of a future definitive multicentre randomised controlled trial. DESIGN Randomised controlled feasibility trial. Participants were block randomised 1 : 1. Researcher-blinded assessments were scheduled at baseline and at 15 and 27 weeks post randomisation. As is appropriate in a feasibility trial, statistical analyses were descriptive rather than involving formal/inferential comparisons. The qualitative elements utilised template analysis as the chosen analytical framework. SETTING Four sites across the UK. PARTICIPANTS Eligibility criteria included having a diagnosis of secondary progressive MS, an Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score of between ≥ 4.0 and ≤ 7.0 points and a self-report of two or more falls in the preceding 6 months. INTERVENTIONS Intervention - manualised 13-week education and exercise programme (BRiMS) plus usual care. Comparator - usual care alone. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Trial feasibility, proposed outcomes for the definitive trial (including impact of MS, mobility, quality of life and falls), feasibility of the BRiMS programme (via process evaluation) and economic data. RESULTS A total of 56 participants (mean age 59.7 years, standard deviation 9.7 years; 66% female; median EDSS score of 6.0 points, interquartile range 6.0-6.5 points) were recruited in 5 months; 30 were block randomised to the intervention group. The demographic and clinical data were broadly comparable at baseline; however, the intervention group scored worse on the majority of baseline outcome measures. Eleven participants (19.6%) withdrew or were lost to follow-up. Worsening of MS-related symptoms unrelated to the trial was the most common reason (n = 5) for withdrawal. Potential primary and secondary outcomes and economic data had completion rates of > 98% for all those assessed. However, the overall return rate for the patient-reported falls diary was 62%. After adjusting for baseline score, the differences between the groups (intervention compared with usual care) at week 27 for the potential primary outcomes were MS Walking Scale (12-item) version 2 -7.7 [95% confidence interval (CI) -17.2 to 1.8], MS Impact Scale (29-item) version 2 (MSIS-29vs2) physical 0.6 (95% CI -7.8 to 9) and MSIS-29vs2 psychological -0.4 (95% CI -9.9 to 9) (negative score indicates improvement). After the removal of one outlier, a total of 715 falls were self-reported over the 27-week trial period, with substantial variation between individuals (range 0-93 falls). Of these 715 falls, 101 (14%) were reported as injurious. Qualitative feedback indicated that trial processes and participant burden were acceptable, and participants highlighted physical and behavioural changes that they perceived to result from undertaking BRiMS. Engagement varied, influenced by a range of condition- and context-related factors. Suggestions to improve the utility and accessibility of BRiMS were highlighted. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the trial procedures are feasible and acceptable, and retention, programme engagement and outcome completion rates were sufficient to satisfy the a priori progression criteria. Challenges were experienced in some areas of data collection, such as completion of daily diaries. FUTURE WORK Further development of BRiMS is required to address logistical issues and enhance user-satisfaction and adherence. Following this, a definitive trial to assess the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the BRiMS intervention is warranted. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN13587999. FUNDING This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 23, No. 27. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary Gunn
- School of Health Professions, Faculty of Health and Human Sciences, Peninsula Allied Health Centre, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Jackie Andrade
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Human Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Lorna Paul
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Linda Miller
- Douglas Grant Rehabilitation Unit, Ayrshire Central Hospital, Irvine, UK
| | - Siobhan Creanor
- Peninsula Clinical Trials Unit at Plymouth University (PenCTU), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK.,Medical Statistics Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Kara Stevens
- Medical Statistics Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Colin Green
- University of Exeter Medical School, Health Economics Group, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Paul Ewings
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Research Design Service (South West), Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton, UK
| | - Andrew Barton
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Research Design Service, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Margie Berrow
- Peninsula Clinical Trials Unit at Plymouth University (PenCTU), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Jane Vickery
- Peninsula Clinical Trials Unit at Plymouth University (PenCTU), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | | | - John Zajicek
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Jennifer Freeman
- School of Health Professions, Faculty of Health and Human Sciences, Peninsula Allied Health Centre, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
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505
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Ndwandwe D, Ngcobo NJ, Adamu AA, Nnaji C, Mashunye T, Leufak AM, Cooper S, Uthman OA, Wiysonge CS. Country-Level Assessment of Missed Opportunities for Vaccination in South Africa: Protocol for Multilevel Analysis. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e16672. [PMID: 32985990 PMCID: PMC7551109 DOI: 10.2196/16672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccination is one of the greatest public health interventions of all time. Vaccination coverage in South Africa has shown a steady improvement in reaching the national target. However, while there is progress nationally, there are districts within the country that are below the set target for vaccination coverage. One of the main drivers of suboptimal vaccination coverage is thought to be missed opportunities for vaccination. OBJECTIVE This study aims to understand the magnitude and determinants of missed opportunities for vaccination in South Africa. METHODS The 2016 South African Demographic and Health Survey will be used to conduct multilevel regression analyses to determine individual and contextual factors associated with missed opportunities for vaccination in South Africa. The perspectives of parents attending health care facilities in South Africa will be explored through exit interviews and focus group discussions. Similarly, perspectives of the health care providers will be sought to understand enablers and barriers to vaccination coverage at the facility level. Insights to such factors will aid in designing tailor-made interventions to improve vaccination coverage in South Africa. RESULTS Ethical review submission is planned for October 2020. Data collection is expected to be underway in January 2021. CONCLUSIONS The extent of missed opportunities in South Africa coupled with the associated factors presents an opportunity for efforts to increase uptake in districts where vaccination coverage is below the national target. Population-level data such as those from the 2016 South African Demographic Health Survey will provide an idea of the magnitude of missed opportunities for vaccination in South Africa at the national and subnational levels. The findings of the study will inform national and subnational policy implementation on vaccinations and help to find context-specific interventions to improve vaccination coverage. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/16672.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duduzile Ndwandwe
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ntombenhle J Ngcobo
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Abdu A Adamu
- Centre for Evidence-based Health Care, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Chukwudi Nnaji
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.,School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thandiwe Mashunye
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Arlette M Leufak
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sara Cooper
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.,School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Olalekan A Uthman
- Centre for Evidence-based Health Care, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,Warwick-Centre for Applied Health Research and Delivery, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick Medical School, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Charles S Wiysonge
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.,Centre for Evidence-based Health Care, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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506
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Barnes GD, Sippola E, Dorsch M, Errickson J, Lanham M, Allen A, Spoutz P, Sales AE, Sussman J. Applying population health approaches to improve safe anticoagulant use in the outpatient setting: the DOAC Dashboard multi-cohort implementation evaluation study protocol. Implement Sci 2020; 15:83. [PMID: 32958020 PMCID: PMC7504868 DOI: 10.1186/s13012-020-01044-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) is rapidly growing for treatment of atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolism. However, incorrect dosing of these medications is common and puts patients at risk of adverse drug events. One way to improve safe prescribing is the use of population health tools, including interactive dashboards built into the electronic health record (EHR). As such tools become more common, exploring ways to understand which aspects are effective in specific settings and how to effectively adapt and implement in existing anticoagulation clinics across different health systems is vital. METHODS This three-phase project will evaluate a current nation-wide implementation effort of the DOAC Dashboard in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Informed by this evaluation, the DOAC Dashboard will be implemented in four new health systems using an implementation strategy derived from the VHA experience and interviews with providers in those new health systems. Quantitative evaluation of the VHA and non-VHA implementation will follow the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework. Qualitative interviews with stakeholders will be analyzed using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and Technology Acceptance Models to identify key determinants of implementation success. DISCUSSION This study will (1) evaluate the implementation of an EHR-based population health tool for medication management within a large, nation-wide, highly integrated health system; (2) guide the adoption in a set of four different health systems; and (3) evaluation that multi-center implementation effort. These findings will help to inform future EHR-based implementation efforts in a wide variety of health care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey D Barnes
- University of Michigan Frankel Cardiovascular Center and Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, 2800 Plymouth Rd, B14 G214, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2800, USA.
| | - Emily Sippola
- University of Michigan Center for Bioethics and Social Science in Medicine, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Michael Dorsch
- University of Michigan School of Pharmacy and Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Joshua Errickson
- University of Michigan Center for Statistical Consultation and Research, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Michael Lanham
- University of Michigan Department of Learning Health Sciences, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Arthur Allen
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Patrick Spoutz
- Veterans Health Affairs VISN 20 Pharmacy Benefits Management, Vancouver, USA
| | - Anne E Sales
- University of Michigan Department of Learning Health Sciences, Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, and Ann Arbor Veterans Health Affairs Center for Clinical Management and Research, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Jeremy Sussman
- University of Michigan Department of Internal Medicine, Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, and Ann Arbor Veterans Health Affairs Center for Clinical Management and Research, Ann Arbor, USA
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507
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Bagonza A, Peterson S, Mårtensson A, Wamani H, Awor P, Mutto M, Musoke D, Gibson L, Kitutu FE. Regulatory inspection of registered private drug shops in East-Central Uganda-what it is versus what it should be: a qualitative study. J Pharm Policy Pract 2020; 13:55. [PMID: 32944257 PMCID: PMC7488315 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-020-00265-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Regulatory inspection of private drug shops in Uganda is a mandate of the Ministry of Health carried out by the National Drug Authority. This study evaluated how this mandate is being carried out at national, district, and drug shop levels. Specifically, perspectives on how the inspection is done, who does it, and challenges faced were sought from inspectors and drug sellers. Methods Six key informant interviews (KIIs) were held with inspectors at the national and district level, while eight focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted among nursing assistants, and two FGDs were held with nurses. The study appraised current methods of inspecting drug sellers against national professional guidelines for licensing and renewal of class C drug shops in Uganda. Transcripts were managed using Atlas ti version 7 (ATLAS.ti GmbH, Berlin) data management software where the thematic content analysis was done. Results Five themes emerged from the study: authoritarian inspection, delegated inspection, licensing, training, and bribes. Under authoritarian inspection, drug sellers decried the high handedness used by inspectors when found with expired or no license at all. For delegated inspection, drug sellers said that sometimes, inspectors send health assistants and sub-county chiefs for inspection visits. This cadre of people is not recognized by law as inspectors. Inspectors trained drug sellers on how to organize their drug shops better and how to use new technologies such as rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) in diagnosing malaria. Bribes were talked about mostly by nursing assistants who purported that inspectors were not interested in inspection per se but collecting illicit payments from them. Inspectors said that the facilitation they received from the central government were inadequate for a routine inspection. Conclusion The current method of inspecting drug sellers is harsh and instills fear among drug sellers. There is a need to establish a well-recognized structure of inspection as well as establish channels of dialogue between inspectors and drug sellers if meaningful compliance is to be achieved. The government also needs to enhance both human and financial resources if meaningful inspection of drug sellers is to take place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Bagonza
- Department of Community Health and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Stefan Peterson
- Department of Health Policy Planning and Management, School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda.,International Maternal and Child Health Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andreas Mårtensson
- International Maternal and Child Health Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henry Wamani
- Department of Community Health and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Phyllis Awor
- Department of Community Health and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Milton Mutto
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - David Musoke
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Linda Gibson
- School of Social Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Freddy Eric Kitutu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
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508
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McGarry B, O'Kane D, McCourt C, Gormley GJ. 'More extraordinary than mundane … ' A phenomenological analysis of the experiences of individuals living with CLE and their taking care in the sun. Lupus 2020; 29:1773-1780. [PMID: 32941108 PMCID: PMC7645605 DOI: 10.1177/0961203320958067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction CLE is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune condition of which photosensitivity is a major symptom. Individuals living with CLE are advised to practice photoprotection. Despite the benefits for disease control, many individuals living with CLE do not practice optimal photoprotection. The aim of this study was to gain a deep insight into the lived experiences of individuals with CLE and their photoprotective practices. Methods A qualitative study approach was conducted, using Hermeneutic phenomenology. Individuals living with CLE were recruited and interviewed. Rich pictures were used to enrich the interviews. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using Template Analysis. Results Analysis revealed four themes: ‘Much more than just a photosensitive skin condition’, ‘The impact of sun on CLE and social dynamics’, ‘Drifting to the sun: personal transitions and social norms’ and ‘Taking care in the sun: easier said than done’. Discussion and conclusion This study provides a nuanced insight into the lived experiences of individuals with CLE and their photoprotective practices. Taking care in the sun is not a simplistic process. Beyond the biomedical model of illness, the social impact that CLE has on individuals has a dominant influence on their photoprotective behaviours. Such insights could help healthcare professionals tailor photoprotective advice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bláithín McGarry
- Centre for Medical Education, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast UK
- Bláithín McGarry, Centre for Medical Education, Queens University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 2nd Floor, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Donal O'Kane
- Department of Dermatology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Collette McCourt
- Department of Dermatology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Gerard J Gormley
- Centre for Medical Education, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast UK
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509
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Moll-Khosrawi P, Ganzhorn A, Zöllner C, Schulte-Uentrop L. Development and validation of a postgraduate anaesthesiology core curriculum based on Entrustable Professional Activities: a Delphi study. GMS JOURNAL FOR MEDICAL EDUCATION 2020; 37:Doc52. [PMID: 32984511 PMCID: PMC7499458 DOI: 10.3205/zma001345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Background: Postgraduate training curricula should not be based on time-spans or predefined numbers of performed procedures. One approach to link competencies to clinical tasks is the concept of Entrustable Professional Activities (EPA). The goal of this study was the definition, ranking and validation of EPAs for anaesthesiology postgraduate training and the creation of an anaesthesiologic core curriculum. Methods: Anaesthesiologists of different levels of training participated in the study (single-center, cross-sectional) . First, an expert group defined a preliminary list of EPAs. Then a first Delphi round (n= 47 participants) was applied to identify daily anaesthesiology tasks with the goal to define EPAs. From the first Delphi round a new set of EPAs was defined, using the template and mapping method. Through an alignment process, conducted by the expert group, the preliminary EPAs and the new set of EPAs from the first Delphi round were summarised into a new list of EPAs. This list was presented to the study participants in a second Delphi round (n=80 participants), with the goal to validate and rank each EPA and to define the year of entrustment. For this purpose, participants were asked in the second Delphi round if each EPA should be included into an anaesthesiology core curriculum and in which year of training entrustment should take place. Furthermore, they were asked to rank each EPA on a numeric scale, defining its importance. From this numeric scale, the content validity index (CVI) for each EPA was calculated. Consensus of the results from the second Delphi round was calculated, using the one-way random effects model to calculate Intra-Class-Correlations (ICC). Percentages of agreement among the whole set of EPAs of this study and a previously published set of EPAs were computed. Results: A core-curriculum comprising of 39 EPAs was developed. The EPAs were subdivided into superior/high and inferior/low scoring EPAs, reflecting their importance and were mapped to the year of entrustment. The results reached high consensus among the different participating anaesthesiologist groups (overall agreement was 0.96 for the CVI of each EPA and 0.83 for the year in which the EPAs should be entrusted). Agreement with the previously defined set of EPAs was 73.3%. Conclusion: This study provides a further step in transforming postgraduate anaesthesiology training into a more contemporary approach. Other studies are necessary to complete and amend the presented core curriculum of EPA based postgraduate anaesthesiology training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Moll-Khosrawi
- Universitätsklinik Hamburg Eppendorf, Klinik- und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Ganzhorn
- Universitätsklinik Hamburg Eppendorf, Klinik- und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Zöllner
- Universitätsklinik Hamburg Eppendorf, Klinik- und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leonie Schulte-Uentrop
- Universitätsklinik Hamburg Eppendorf, Klinik- und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie, Hamburg, Germany
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510
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LeLaurin JH, Freytes IM, Findley KE, Schmitzberger MK, Eliazar-Macke ND, Orozco T, Uphold CR. Feasibility and acceptability of a telephone and web-based stroke caregiver intervention: a pilot randomized controlled trial of the RESCUE intervention. Clin Rehabil 2020; 35:253-265. [PMID: 32907399 DOI: 10.1177/0269215520957004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assess the feasibility and acceptability of an Internet and telephone support and problem-solving intervention for stroke caregivers. DESIGN Randomized controlled pilot trial with four arms: four-week intervention (n = 13), eight-week intervention (n = 13), eight-week attention control (n = 13), and standard care (n = 14). SETTING Southeastern U.S. Veterans Health System. PARTICIPANTS Informal caregivers of Veterans who suffered a stroke in the preceding 2.5 years were enrolled over an 18-month period. INTERVENTIONS Intervention participants received RESCUE, a support and problem-solving intervention delivered via telephone and Internet by registered nurses. Attention control participants received active listening with no advice delivered by nurses via telephone. MAIN MEASURES Feasibility of a larger trial was assessed via recruitment and retention. Acceptability was assessed using an adapted enactment tool and qualitative interviews. Changes in caregiver depressive symptoms and burden were measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and Zarit Burden Interview. The study was not powered for significance testing. RESULTS Of 340 eligible caregivers, 53 (16%) agreed to participate. Among those enrolled, 51 (96%) completed the study. Caregiver mean age was 60.3 (10.1), 49 (93%) were female and 36 (68%) were white. At baseline, 21 (39%) caregivers had high risk of depression and 18 (33%) had significant burden. Acceptability and enactment tool findings indicated positive participant responses to the intervention. Most rated the amount of sessions the "right amount". Qualitative analysis revealed the intervention was valued by and acceptable to caregivers. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate the RESCUE intervention is feasible and acceptable to caregivers and warrants further testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H LeLaurin
- Research Service, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - I Magaly Freytes
- Research Service, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kimberly E Findley
- Research Service, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Magda K Schmitzberger
- Research Service, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Tatiana Orozco
- Research Service, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Constance R Uphold
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Aging & Geriatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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511
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Dober M, Mikocka-Walus A, Evans S, Beswick L, Emerson C, Olive L. Perspectives on an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) based program for patients with inflammatory bowel disease and comorbid anxiety and/or depressive symptoms. Psychother Res 2020; 31:668-681. [PMID: 32892715 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2020.1813915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim: Individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) suffer higher rates of anxiety and depression than the general population, however, few psychological interventions are designed for this population. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), aimed to increase psychological flexibility, may be useful to address the unique concerns of IBD sufferers. This study aimed to explore stakeholder perspectives on an ACT-based intervention prototype tailored to people with IBD and comorbid anxiety and/or depressive symptoms.Methods: An Intervention Mapping methodology guided intervention design. A qualitative exploratory design was used to investigate the perspectives of stakeholders. Focus groups or interviews obtained feedback from IBD patients of a major regional hospital, and health providers to IBD patients Australia-wide.Results: Findings were analysed using template analysis. Data saturation was reached at 19 participants (11 patients and 8 health professionals). Participants' perspectives on the ACT-based intervention were distributed across four themes: (1) Barriers to access and participation; (2) Timing in the illness trajectory; (3) ACT is useful for IBD; and (4) The more support, the better.Conclusion: The findings suggest that an ACT modality and blended delivery design is well received by patients and health professionals, providing recommendations to future researchers and clinicians on intervention design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Dober
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | | | - Subhadra Evans
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Lauren Beswick
- Department of Gastroenterology, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Catherine Emerson
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Lisa Olive
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
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512
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Sterba KR, Johnson EE, Nadig N, Simpson AN, Simpson KN, Goodwin AJ, Beeks R, Warr EH, Zapka J, Ford DW. Determinants of Evidence-based Practice Uptake in Rural Intensive Care Units. A Mixed Methods Study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2020; 17:1104-1116. [PMID: 32421348 PMCID: PMC7722472 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.202002-170oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Evidence-based practices promote quality care for intensive care unit patients but chronic evidence-to-practice gaps limit their reach.Objectives: To characterize key determinants of evidence-based practice uptake in the rural intensive care setting.Methods: A parallel convergent mixed methods design was used with six hospitals receiving a quality improvement intervention. Guided by implementation science principles, we identified barriers and facilitators to uptake using clinician surveys (N = 90), key informant interviews (N = 14), and an implementation tracking log. Uptake was defined as completion of eight practice change steps within 12 months. After completing qualitative and quantitative data analyses for each hospital, site, staff, and program delivery factors were summarized within and across hospitals to identify patterns by uptake status.Results: At the site level, although structural characteristics (hospital size, intensivist staffing) did not vary by uptake status, interviews highlighted variability in staffing patterns and culture that differed by uptake status. At the clinician team level, readiness and self-efficacy were consistently high across sites at baseline with time and financial resources endorsed as primary barriers. However, interviews highlighted that as initiatives progressed, differences across sites in attitudes and ownership of change were key uptake influences. At the program delivery level, mixed methods data highlighted program engagement and leadership variability by uptake status. Higher uptake sites had better training attendance; more program activities completed; and a stable, engaged, collaborative nurse and physician champion team.Conclusions: Results provide an understanding of the multiple dynamic influences on different patterns of evidence-based practice uptake and the importance of implementation support strategies to accelerate uptake in the intensive care setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nandita Nadig
- Telehealth Center of Excellence
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, and
| | - Annie N. Simpson
- Telehealth Center of Excellence
- Department of Healthcare Leadership and Management, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Kit N. Simpson
- Telehealth Center of Excellence
- Department of Healthcare Leadership and Management, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Andrew J. Goodwin
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, and
| | | | | | | | - Dee W. Ford
- Telehealth Center of Excellence
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, and
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513
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Pool J, Akhlaghpour S, Fatehi F. Towards a contextual theory of Mobile Health Data Protection (MHDP): A realist perspective. Int J Med Inform 2020; 141:104229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2020.104229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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514
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Bourque CJ, Bonanno M, Dumont É, Gaucher N, Lacoste-Julien A, Gomez-Tyo M, Langlet MF, Sultan S. The Integration of Resource Patients in Collaborative Research: A Mixed Method Assessment of the Nesting Dolls Design. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2020; 103:1830-1838. [PMID: 32418681 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This is a quality assessment of a research design developed for a collaborative study on adolescents and young adults who survived a brain tumor. METHODS A descriptive and critical mixed methods approach was used to assess the design itself, the quality and information power of the database and the integration of collaborators. Project documentation, field notes and transcripts from focus groups interviews(n = 19) were used for the evaluation, which was based on the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research. RESULTS The design proved to be pertinent to resolve methodological stakes in a "fragile field". The mobilisation of collaborators as members of a "Sherpa team" in all phases of the project helped the team create a progressive focus approach well-adapted for data gathering and analysis as well as produce a high-quality database. CONCLUSION The Nesting Dolls Design including the didactic approach developed along the deployment of the project helped researchers, clinicians and resource patients/parents understand the research procedures and the roles of all collaborators. This fostered a meaningful engagement in the project. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Resources and time for training, communication and supervision are necessary to reach the objectives of collaborative research involving novices and are worth the time and efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Julie Bourque
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital (CHUSJ) Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
| | - Marco Bonanno
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Montréal, Canada
| | - Émilie Dumont
- Department of Psychology, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Nathalie Gaucher
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montréal, Division of Emergency Medicine, Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Mathias Gomez-Tyo
- Leucan (Québec association for parents of children with cancer), Montréal, Canada
| | - Marie-France Langlet
- Patients-Families-Providers Partnership Office, Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Montréal, Canada
| | - Serge Sultan
- Psycho-Oncology Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Montréal, Canada
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515
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Tsiamparlis-Wildeboer AHC, Feijen-De Jong EI, Scheele F. Factors influencing patient education in shared medical appointments: Integrative literature review. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2020; 103:1667-1676. [PMID: 32376140 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This integrative literature review investigates the factors influencing patient education in Shared Medical Appointments. METHODS Following template analysis method, we used key concepts of the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) and Social Constructivism as a priori themes. After detailed analysis of the included studies, we deduced subthemes, forming a final template. Based on this final template, we analysed our data again as a final check. RESULTS We included 22 studies. We found that the factors feeling of bonding, humour, feeling of safety, access to information, time, relationship participants-staff, modelling and self-regulation influence the education of SMA participants. Furthermore, we found that health care providers function both as leaders and peers. CONCLUSION We found eight factors that influence the education of SMA participants. Health care providers exert influence on these factors, but in turn, they are also influenced by them in their transfer of knowledge. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS In order to create a climate of learning and to promote transfer of knowledge, these eight factors should be considered. Health care providers should be aware of their roles and they might need some extra skills for their leadership roles. This can also lead to practical implications for the curriculum in medical schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna H C Tsiamparlis-Wildeboer
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Midwifery Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of General Practice & Elderly Medicine, Groningen, The Netherlands; AVAG (Academy Midwifery Amsterdam and Groningen), Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Esther I Feijen-De Jong
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Midwifery Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of General Practice & Elderly Medicine, Groningen, The Netherlands; AVAG (Academy Midwifery Amsterdam and Groningen), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fedde Scheele
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Athena Institute for Transdisciplinary Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, The Netherlands
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516
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McLaughlin N, Rogers J, D’Arcy J, Gormley G. ‘Sorry doctor….I didn’t hear that….’: phenomenological analysis of medical students’ experiences of simulated hearing impairment through virtual reality. BMJ SIMULATION & TECHNOLOGY ENHANCED LEARNING 2020; 7:207-215. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjstel-2020-000683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
IntroductionHearing impairment is a common condition that can have a significant impact on an individual. Ineffective communication between such individuals and doctors remains an important barrier. There is a need to provide medical students with a deeper understanding of such challenges. Increasingly, simulation is being used to develop empathy skills. In this study, we aimed to seek a deep understanding of medical students’ experiences of being placed in the role of a hearing-impaired patient by means of a virtual reality (VR) simulation.MethodsA multidisciplinary group developed a 360° VR video-learning experience. This experience portrayed a consultation with a doctor from a hearing-impaired individual’s perspective. A qualitative study approach, using hermeneutic phenomenology, was conducted. Following the VR experience, students were interviewed, and transcripts of interviews were analysed using a Template Analysis approach.ResultsAnalysis yielded four main themes: (1) ‘much more than just watching a video’: a VR experience of hearing impairment; (2) ‘hearing through their ears’: experiencing a person’s world with hearing impairment; (3) ‘not just what you can’t hear…but how it makes you feel’: reactions evoked by a VR hearing impairment experience and (4) redirecting my future professional self?DiscussionThis study provides an insight into medical students’ experiences of a novel VR hearing impairment simulation. VR simulation has the potential to provide a novel complementary training method for medical students. By providing an immersive learning experience, VR can offer an empathic stepping into the ears of those that live with hearing impairment.
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517
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Braun V, Clarke V. One size fits all? What counts as quality practice in (reflexive) thematic analysis? QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14780887.2020.1769238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 403] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Braun
- The School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, Āotearoa/New Zealand
| | - Victoria Clarke
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
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518
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Hinrichsen C, Koushede VJ, Madsen KR, Nielsen L, Ahlmark NG, Santini ZI, Meilstrup C. Implementing Mental Health Promotion Initiatives-Process Evaluation of the ABCs of Mental Health in Denmark. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E5819. [PMID: 32796754 PMCID: PMC7460269 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Treatment and prevention alone are unlikely to make a significant difference in reducing the burden of poor mental health and mental illness. Therefore, mental health promotion (MHP) initiatives are advocated. In 2014, the ABCs of mental health (ABCs) partnership was established in Denmark; in the partnership, partner organisations, e.g., municipalities and NGOs, use a research-based framework for MHP, the ABC-framework, to develop and implement MHP initiatives. This paper has two aims: (1) to outline the overall characteristics of these MHP initiatives; and (2) to explore local coordinator and stakeholder perceptions of the implementation processes and the impact of the MHP initiatives. Questionnaire surveys, individual interviews and group interviews were conducted during 2017-2020. The MHP initiatives were grouped according to three strategies: building MHP capacity, campaign activities to promote mental health awareness and knowledge and establishing and promoting opportunities to engage in mentally healthy activities. The ABC-framework was positively received and viewed as providing relevant knowledge for working with MHP as well as fostering intersectoral and interprofessional collaborations. However, using a bottom-up approach to develop and implement MHP initiatives can be time-consuming and resource demanding, and it requires a deliberate balancing of local adaptability and concrete guidance when engaging stakeholders and implementers. Overall, using the ABC-framework to develop and implement MHP initiatives holds great promise for advancing and promoting MHP practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Hinrichsen
- The Danish National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestraede 6, 1455 Copenhagen, Denmark; (K.R.M.); (L.N.); (N.G.A.); (Z.I.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Vibeke Jenny Koushede
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Oester Farimagsgade 2A, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Katrine Rich Madsen
- The Danish National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestraede 6, 1455 Copenhagen, Denmark; (K.R.M.); (L.N.); (N.G.A.); (Z.I.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Line Nielsen
- The Danish National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestraede 6, 1455 Copenhagen, Denmark; (K.R.M.); (L.N.); (N.G.A.); (Z.I.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Nanna Gram Ahlmark
- The Danish National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestraede 6, 1455 Copenhagen, Denmark; (K.R.M.); (L.N.); (N.G.A.); (Z.I.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Ziggi Ivan Santini
- The Danish National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestraede 6, 1455 Copenhagen, Denmark; (K.R.M.); (L.N.); (N.G.A.); (Z.I.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Charlotte Meilstrup
- The Danish National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestraede 6, 1455 Copenhagen, Denmark; (K.R.M.); (L.N.); (N.G.A.); (Z.I.S.); (C.M.)
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Allyn K, Evans S, Seidman LC, Payne LA. "Tomorrow, I'll Be Fine": Impacts and coping mechanisms in adolescents and young adults with primary dysmenorrhoea. J Adv Nurs 2020; 76:2637-2647. [PMID: 32761654 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To understand the experiences of adolescents and young adults with primary dysmenorrhoea through the lens of structured frameworks extant in contemporary pain literature. DESIGN Descriptive qualitative study. METHODS Thirty-nine adolescents and young adults (ages 16-24 years) with primary dysmenorrhoea participated in semi-structured in-person interviews. Transcripts of the interviews were analysed using deductive thematic analysis from November 2018 to April 2019. RESULTS Two overarching themes, each with subthemes, were identified. The first theme, primary dysmenorrhoea impacts the whole person, contained the following subthemes: biological, social, and psychological. The second theme, coping mechanisms of women with primary dysmenorrhoea, contained the following subthemes: primary, secondary, and passive coping. CONCLUSION Women experience several primary dysmenorrhoea-related impacts on their biological, social, and psychological functioning. Women employ a variety of coping mechanisms to manage their primary dysmenorrhoea pain. IMPACT This study emphasizes the significant effects of primary dysmenorrhoea on nearly every aspect of women's lives and contributes to an understanding of the ways women cope with this pain. The findings of this study underscore the need for continued consideration of primary dysmenorrhoea as a debilitating pain process as well as the need for additional interventions to help women manage this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Subhadra Evans
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia
| | | | - Laura A Payne
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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520
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Upadhyai R, Jain AK, Roy H, Pant V. Participants’ Perspectives on Healthcare Service Quality in Multispecialty Hospitals: A Qualitative Approach. JOURNAL OF HEALTH MANAGEMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0972063420938471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Professional services like healthcare operate with high degree of information asymmetry, where usually the seeker of service lacks knowledge and skills, and as a result, they cannot evaluate the benefits. Alternative indicators in the service delivery are sought by the seekers to bring evenness in their evaluation, which might not be reflective of providers’ perspectives of care. This study attempts to explore perspectives of both the participants in healthcare service delivery in multispecialty hospital settings. Semi-structured interviews were conducted using snowball sampling with doctors, paramedical staff and managers in multispecialty hospitals and patients and their attendants who have visited the same set of hospitals during past one year. The narratives of the respondents based on a priori interview themes were converted into textual data. Template analysis technique was used to thematically analyse and present the results. Differing accounts of two participants emerged out of the analysis and a gap between providers’ and seekers’ perspectives of each other’s expectations and perceptions of performance was observed. This study is a novel attempt to simultaneously account for both the participants’ perspectives to present a holistic picture rather than a one-sided view of healthcare service quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghav Upadhyai
- School of Management, IMS Unison University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - Hiranmoy Roy
- School of Business, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
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521
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Santhosh L, Sewell J. Hospitalist and Intensivist Experiences of the "Open" Intensive Care Unit Environment: a Qualitative Exploration. J Gen Intern Med 2020; 35:2338-2346. [PMID: 32462568 PMCID: PMC7253146 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-05835-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most U.S. academic medical centers employ "closed" intensive care units (ICUs), where critically ill patients are admitted under the supervision of intensivists managing dedicated ICU teams. Some centers utilize a unique "open" ICU structure, where primary services longitudinally follow patients who become critically ill into the ICU with intensivist comanagement. The impact of open ICUs on patient care and education of trainees has not been well-characterized. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to characterize affordances and barriers to education and patient care, from the perspectives of hospitalists and intensivists teaching in the ICU. DESIGN We conducted semi-structured interviews with hospitalist and intensivist faculty at a large academic medical center with an open ICU structure. We coded deidentified interview transcripts to inductively analyze the data for themes and subthemes. PARTICIPANTS We recruited hospitalist and intensivist faculty members who attend on teaching services in the open ICU system. APPROACH Given the complexity of multiple teachers and learners in the ICU environment, we selected shared mental models as our primary theoretical lens through which we analyzed and interpreted our data. KEY RESULTS We identified three main themes regarding education in the open ICU system: (1) communication challenges, (2) educational barriers and affordances, and (3) structural barriers and affordances. Hospitalists and intensivists agreed on some barriers and facilitators to education, such as continuity of care, yet they disagreed on others. Specifically, hospitalists and intensivists had a shared mental model regarding barriers to patient care and education in the open ICU structure, but had divergent opinions regarding the affordances of the structure, such as continuity and availability of ICU expertise. CONCLUSIONS The open ICU environment presents facilitators and barriers to trainee education and patient care. Our findings can be leveraged to improve communication, education, and patient care on both hospitalist and ICU teams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lekshmi Santhosh
- Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, S1183, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA. .,Division of Hospital Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, S1183, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Justin Sewell
- Division of Gastroenterology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Locke HN, Brooks J, Arendsen LJ, Jacob NK, Casson A, Jones AKP, Sivan M. Acceptability and usability of smartphone-based brainwave entrainment technology used by individuals with chronic pain in a home setting. Br J Pain 2020; 14:161-170. [PMID: 32922777 PMCID: PMC7453483 DOI: 10.1177/2049463720908798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brainwave entrainment (BWE) using rhythmic visual or auditory stimulation has many potential clinical applications, including the management of chronic pain, where there is a pressing need for novel, safe and effective treatments. The aim of this study was to gain qualitative feedback on the acceptability and usability of a novel BWE smartphone application, to ensure it meets the needs and wishes of end users. METHODS Fifteen participants with chronic pain used the application at home for 4 weeks. Semi-structured telephone interviews were then carried out. A template analysis approach was used to interpret the findings, with an initial coding template structured around the constructs of a theoretical framework for assessing acceptability of healthcare interventions. Structured data analysis generated a final modified coding structure, capturing themes generated across participants' accounts. RESULTS The four main themes were 'approach to trying out the app: affective attitude and ethicality', 'perceived effectiveness', 'opportunity costs and burden' and 'intervention coherence and self-efficacy'. All participants were willing to engage with the technology and welcomed it as an alternative approach to medications. Participants appreciated the simplicity of design and the ability to choose between visual or auditory stimulation. All the participants felt confident in using the application. CONCLUSION The findings demonstrate preliminary support for the acceptability and usability of the BWE application. This is the first qualitative study of BWE to systematically assess these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen N Locke
- Academic Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Community Healthcare NHS Trust and Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Joanna Brooks
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Laura J Arendsen
- Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nikhil Kurian Jacob
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Alex Casson
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Anthony KP Jones
- Human Pain Research Group, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Manoj Sivan
- Academic Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Community Healthcare NHS Trust and Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
- Human Pain Research Group, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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523
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Meeuwissen SN, Gijselaers WH, Wolfhagen IH, oude Egbrink MG. How Teachers Meet in Interdisciplinary Teams: Hangouts, Distribution Centers, and Melting Pots. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2020; 95:1265-1273. [PMID: 31833854 PMCID: PMC7382530 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000003115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore team learning processes among interdisciplinary teacher teams in the development of integrated health professions education and to investigate students' perspectives on the quality of the educational courses. METHOD Using an exploratory, sequential mixed-methods design, the first author conducted 17 vignette-guided, semistructured interviews with teachers originating from diverse disciplines. These teachers worked in different courses of integrated, undergraduate health professions programs at the Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, the Netherlands. The interview guide and vignettes were based on team learning research. The interviews sought to establish how interdisciplinary teacher team members work together on integrated curricula. The vignettes reflected constructs of team learning processes: sharing, co-construction, and constructive conflict. Data were collected between November 2017 and March 2018 and analyzed using template analysis. Sequentially, course evaluation data were used to provide a descriptive analysis of students' perspectives on educational quality (course organization, structure, learning effect, and alignment). RESULTS Three team approaches were identified. In fragmented teams or "hangouts," teachers individually worked on tasks that they were interested in, leaving their disciplinary mark. Framework-guided teams or "distribution centers" aimed to work within the given frameworks and organizational expectations, striving for disciplinary balance. Integrated teacher teams or "melting pots" used an interdisciplinary approach on all topics and put students at the center. Integrated teams reflected high-level team learning processes and were most satisfied with their (team)work. In contrast, fragmented and framework-guided teams mainly reflected low-level team learning processes. Students evaluated courses of integrated teacher teams highest on all investigated quality items (course organization, structure, learning effect, and alignment). CONCLUSIONS Successful interdisciplinary teacher teams are represented by an integrated approach with high-level team learning behavior and the best course evaluations. Therefore, health professions education management should actively encourage and facilitate integrated teacher teamwork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie N.E. Meeuwissen
- S.N.E. Meeuwissen is a PhD candidate, School of Health Professions Education, Department of Educational Development and Research, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5434-4226
| | - Wim H. Gijselaers
- W.H. Gijselaers is professor of Educational Research and chair, Department of Educational Research and Development, School of Business and Economics, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4218-2944
| | - Ineke H.A.P. Wolfhagen
- I.H.A.P. Wolfhagen is associate professor, School of Health Professions Education, Department of Educational Development and Research, and deputy director, Institute for Education, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam G.A. oude Egbrink
- M.G.A. oude Egbrink is professor of Implementation of Educational Innovations, School of Health Professions Education, Department of Physiology, and scientific director, Institute for Education, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5530-6598
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524
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Implementation of an Academic-to-Community Hospital Intensive Care Unit Quality Improvement Program. Qualitative Analysis of Multilevel Facilitators and Barriers. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2020; 16:877-885. [PMID: 30822096 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201810-735oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Implementation of evidence-based best practices is influenced by a variety of contextual factors. It is vital to characterize such factors to maintain high-quality care. Patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) are critically ill and require complex, interdisciplinary, evidence-based care to enable high-quality outcomes. Objectives: To identify facilitators and barriers to implementation of an academic-to-community hospital ICU interprofessional quality improvement program, "ICU Innovations." Methods: ICU Innovations is a multimodal quality improvement program implemented between 2014 and 2017 in six community ICUs in rural settings serving underserved patients in South Carolina. ICU Innovations includes quarterly on-site seminars and extensive behind the scenes facilitation to catalyze the implementation of evidence-based best practices. We use qualitative analysis to identify contextual factors related to program implementation processes. Guided by an implementation science framework, the Exploration, Adoption/Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment framework, we conducted semistructured key informant interviews with clinician champions at six community ICUs and six parallel interviews with ICU Innovations' leadership. We developed a qualitative coding template based on the framework and identified contextual factors associated with implementation. Standard data on hospital and ICU structure and processes of care were also collected. Results: Outer and inner factors interconnected dynamically to influence implementation of ICU Innovations. Collaborative engagement between the program developers and partner sites (outer context factor) and site program champion leadership and staff readiness for change (inner context factors) were key influences of implementation. Conclusions: This research focused on rural hospital ICUs with limited or nonexistent intensivist leadership. Although enthusiasm for the ICU Innovations program was initially high, implementation was challenging because of multiple contextual factors. Critical steps for implementation of evidence-based practice in rural hospitals include optimizing engagement with external collaborators, maximizing the role of a committed site champion, and conducting thorough site assessments to ensure staff and organizational readiness for change. Identifying barriers and facilitators to program implementation is an on-going process to tailor and improve program initiatives.
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525
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Schaaf M, Falcao J, Feinglass E, Kitchell E, Gomes N, Freedman L. 'We all have the same right to have health services': a case study of Namati's legal empowerment program in Mozambique. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1084. [PMID: 32650772 PMCID: PMC7350694 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09190-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Legal empowerment and social accountability are two strategies that are increasingly used to address gaps in healthcare in low- and middle-income countries, including failure to provide services that should be available and poor clinical and interpersonal quality of care. This paper is an explanatory case study of a legal empowerment effort that employs community paralegals and trains Village Health Committees (VHCs) in Mozambique. The research objective was to explore how community paralegals solved cases, the impact paralegals had on health services, and how their work affected the relationship between the community and the health sector at the local level. METHODS The case study had two components: (1) a retrospective review of 24 cases of patient/community grievances about the health system, and (2) qualitative investigation of the program and program context. The case reviews were accomplished by conducting structured in-depth interviews (IDIs) with those directly involved in the case. The qualitative investigation entailed semi-structured Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) with district, provincial, and national health managers and Namati staff. In addition, focus group discussions (FGDs) were held with Health Advocates and VHC members. RESULTS Case resolution conferred a sense of empowerment to clients, brought immediate, concrete improvements in health service quality at the health facilities concerned, and seemingly instigated a virtuous circle of rights-claiming. The program also engendered incipient improvements in relations between clients and the health system. We identified three key mechanisms underlying case resolution, including: bolstered administrative capacity within the health sector, reduced transaction and political costs for health providers, and provider fear of administrative sanction. CONCLUSIONS This study contributes to the limited literature regarding the mechanisms of legal empowerment case resolution in health systems and the impact of hybrid legal empowerment and social accountability approaches. Future research might assess the sustainability of case resolution; how governance at central, provincial, and district level is affected by similar programs; and to what extent the mix of different cases addressed by legal empowerment influences the success of the program.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lynn Freedman
- Averting Maternal Death and Disability, Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
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526
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Opara V, Sealy R, Ryan MK. The workplace experiences of BAME professional women: Understanding experiences at the intersection. GENDER WORK AND ORGANIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/gwao.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruth Sealy
- Business School University of Exeter United Kingdom
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527
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Taking over or taking in? A qualitative case study of successful acquisitions. JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & ORGANIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1017/jmo.2020.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
There is a widely held but scarcely challenged belief that most organizational changes fail, especially in mergers and acquisitions (M&A). Failure of M&A is often attributed to factors such as differences in organizational cultures, contested identities, perceived injustice, lack of trust, ineffective leadership and poor communication. A qualitative study was conducted in an acquiring company and two target companies to identify the criteria of a successful change, to explore perceptions of the degree of success of the acquisition(s) they had experienced, and to investigate the factors influencing these perceptions. The findings demonstrated that M&A can be considered successful when attention is paid, not only to integration of practices, but also to socio-cultural factors in managing M&A processes. The overall evaluation of these two acquisitions was that they had been successful. Implications for theory and practice include the possible differences between small- and large-scale M&A experiences.
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528
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A Contemporary Analysis of Aircraft Maintenance-Related Accidents and Serious Incidents. AEROSPACE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/aerospace7060081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aircraft maintenance has been identified as a key point of concern within many high-risk areas of aviation; still being a casual/contributory factor in a number of accidents and serious incidents in commercial air transport industry. The purpose of this study is to review and analyse the aircraft maintenance-related accidents and serious incidents which occurred between 2003 and 2017, to provide a better understanding of the causal and contributory factors. To achieve this, a dataset of maintenance-related accidents and serious incidents was compiled and then qualitatively analysed by thematic analysis method. Coding these events by using NVivo software enabled the development of a taxonomy, MxFACS. The coded output was then evaluated by subject matter experts, and an inter-rater concordance value determined to demonstrate the rigour of the research process. Subsequently, the events were evaluated in terms of their relationship to known accident categories such as loss of control, runway excursions. The most frequent maintenance event consequences were found to be runway excursions and air turnbacks, with the second level categories being related to failures in engine and landing gear systems. The greatest maintenance factor issues were ‘inadequate maintenance procedures’ and ‘inspections not identifying defects’. In terms of fatalities, ‘collision events’ were the most prominent consequence, ‘engine-related events’ were the most significant event, and ‘inadequate maintenance procedures’ were the most concerning maintenance factor. The study’s findings may be used in conjunction with existing risk analysis methodologies and enable the stakeholders to develop generic or customised bowties. This may identify the existing barriers in the system as well as weaknesses which will enable the development of mitigation strategies on both organisational and industry-wide levels.
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529
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Maheshwari A, Healey J, Bhattacharya S, Cooper K, Saraswat L, Horne AW, Daniels J, Breeman S, Brian K, Burns G, Hudson J, Gillies K. Surgery for women with endometrioma prior to in vitro fertilisation: proposal for a feasible multicentre randomised clinical trial in the UK. Hum Reprod Open 2020; 2020:hoaa012. [PMID: 32529045 PMCID: PMC7275637 DOI: 10.1093/hropen/hoaa012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is it feasible to undertake a randomised controlled trial to establish whether surgical removal of endometrioma or not, improves live birth rates from IVF? SUMMARY ANSWER A randomised controlled trial (RCT) comparing surgery versus no surgery to endometrioma prior to IVF is only feasible in UK if an adaptive rather than traditional study design is used; this would minimise resource wastage and complete the trial in an acceptable time frame. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY There is wide variation in the management of endometriomas prior to IVF, with decisions about treatment being influenced by personal preferences. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, AND DURATION This was a mixed-methods study consisting of an online survey of clinicians, a focus group and individual interviews with potential trial participants. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Endometriosis and fertility experts across the UK were invited to participate in an online anonymised questionnaire. Potential future trial participants were recruited from a tertiary care fertility centre and invited to participate in either individual interviews or focus groups. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Clinicians and potential trial participants confirmed the need for an RCT to inform the management of an endometrioma prior to IVF. There were 126 clinicians who completed the survey, and the majority (70%) were willing to recruit to a trial. Half of those who responded indicated that they see at least 10 eligible women each year. The main barriers to recruitment were waiting lists for surgery and access to public funding for IVF. One focus group (n = 7) and five interviews were conducted with potential trial participants (n = 3) and their partners (n = 2). The findings from these discussions highlighted that recruitment and retention in a potential RCT could be improved by coordination between IVF and surgical services such that an operation does not delay IVF or affect access to public funding. Live birth was considered the most important outcome with an improvement of at least 10% considered the minimum acceptable by both patients and clinicians. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This feasibility study captured views of clinicians across the UK, but as patients were from a single Scottish centre, their views may not be representative of other areas with limited public funding for IVF. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS There is a need for an appropriately powered RCT to establish whether or not surgical treatment of endometrioma prior to IVF improves live birth rates. There are logistical issues to be considered due to limited number of participants, funding of IVF and waiting times. These could be overcome in a RCT by using an adaptive design which would include a prospectively planned opportunity for modification of specified aspects of the study design based on interim analysis of the data, coordination of IVF treatments and endometriosis surgeries and international collaboration. Similar principles could be used for other questions in fertility where a traditional approach for randomised trials is not feasible. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) Funding was received from the NHS Grampian R&D pump priming fund (RG14437-12). S.B. is Editor-in-Chief of HROPEN, and A.W.H. is Deputy Editor of HROPEN. Neither was involved in the review of this manuscript. L.S. reports grants from CSO and NIHR to do endometriosis research, outside the submitted work. K.C. reports grants from NIHR/HTA and CSO during the conduct of the study. J.H.e., A.W.H., J.D., S.B.r., K.B., G.B., J.H.u. and K.G. report no conflict of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abha Maheshwari
- Aberdeen Fertility Centre, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen AB25 2ZL, UK
| | - Jemma Healey
- Health Service Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Siladitya Bhattacharya
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | | | - Andrew W Horne
- The Queen's Medical Research InstituteEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Jane Daniels
- Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Suzanne Breeman
- Clinical Trials Unit, Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Kate Brian
- Women's Voices, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, London, UK
| | | | - Jemma Hudson
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Katie Gillies
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
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530
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Surr CA, Parveen S, Smith SJ, Drury M, Sass C, Burden S, Oyebode J. The barriers and facilitators to implementing dementia education and training in health and social care services: a mixed-methods study. BMC Health Serv Res 2020; 20:512. [PMID: 32503536 PMCID: PMC7275489 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-020-05382-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health and social care workforce requires access to appropriate education and training to provide quality care for people with dementia. Success of a training programme depends on staff ability to put their learning into practice through behaviour change. This study aimed to investigate the barriers and facilitators to implementation of dementia education and training in health and social care services using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) and COM-B model of behaviour change. METHODS A mixed-methods design. Participants were dementia training leads, training facilitators, managers and staff who had attended training who worked in UK care homes, acute hospitals, mental health services and primary care settings. Methods were an online audit of care and training providers, online survey of trained staff and individual/group interviews with organisational training leads, training facilitators, staff who had attended dementia training and managers. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic template analysis. RESULTS Barriers and facilitators were analysed according the COM-B domains. "Capability" factors were not perceived as a significant barrier to training implementation. Factors which supported staff capability included the use of interactive face-to-face training, and training that was relevant to their role. Factors that increased staff "motivation" included skilled facilitation of training, trainees' desire to learn and the provision of incentives (e.g. attendance during paid working hours, badges/certifications). "Opportunity" factors were most prevalent with lack of resources (time, financial, staffing and environmental) being the biggest perceived barrier to training implementation. The presence or not of external support from families and internal factors such as the organisational culture and its supportiveness of good dementia care and training implementation were also influential. CONCLUSIONS A wide range of factors may present as barriers to or facilitators of dementia training implementation and behaviour change for staff. These should be considered by health and social care providers in the context of dementia training design and delivery in order to maximise potential for implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire A Surr
- Centre for Dementia Research, Leeds Beckett University, School of Health and Community Studies, Leeds, LS1 3HE, UK.
| | - Sahdia Parveen
- Centre for Applied Dementia Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Sarah J Smith
- Centre for Dementia Research, Leeds Beckett University, School of Health and Community Studies, Leeds, LS1 3HE, UK
| | - Michelle Drury
- Centre for Applied Dementia Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Cara Sass
- Centre for Dementia Research, Leeds Beckett University, School of Health and Community Studies, Leeds, LS1 3HE, UK
| | - Sarah Burden
- Centre for Dementia Research, Leeds Beckett University, School of Health and Community Studies, Leeds, LS1 3HE, UK
| | - Jan Oyebode
- Centre for Applied Dementia Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
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Clients with different problems are different and questionnaires are not blood tests: A template analysis of psychiatric and psychotherapy clients' experiences of the CORE‐OM. COUNSELLING & PSYCHOTHERAPY RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/capr.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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532
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Iqbal MZ, Alradhi HI, Alhumaidi AA, Alshaikh KH, AlObaid AM, Alhashim MT, AlSheikh MH. Telegram as a Tool to Supplement Online Medical Education During COVID-19 Crisis. Acta Inform Med 2020; 28:94-97. [PMID: 32742059 PMCID: PMC7382775 DOI: 10.5455/aim.2020.28.94-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Instant Messaging Applications are known for their potential to enhance learning. However, to date, there has been little investigation into the implications of the 'Telegram' application for online medical education and training. AIM This study explores the potential benefits and disadvantages of integrating Telegram into undergraduate medical education during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS An exploratory study was conducted between March and May 2020, with 203 undergraduate medical students recruited through purposive sampling. Data was collected through seven open-ended questions, followed by thematic analysis using Atlas.ti. RESULTS Most students participating in this study reported multiple utilities of the application, including easy access to educational resources and the ability to add unlimited members, as well as files in all formats and sizes. Additionally, the application assisted students to engage with collaborative learning, maintain their wellbeing, and ensure their security. However, they also reported some drawbacks, i.e., a complex interface, information overload, and a tendency to distract them, causing time wastage. CONCLUSION This study concludes that Telegram provides an effective mobile learning platform for medical students during the current crisis, in particular. Moreover, it offers considerably more functionalities and fewer potential drawbacks than alternative applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zafar Iqbal
- Medical Education Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mona Hmoud AlSheikh
- Medical Education Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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533
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Lukoševičiūtė J, Šmigelskas K. Causal item of Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ) scale: The main categories. Health Psychol Res 2020; 8:8485. [PMID: 32529089 PMCID: PMC7270637 DOI: 10.4081/hpr.2020.8485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The causal item of illness perception from Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ) has no clearly defined response categories. It restricts the comparison of findings across studies on illness perception. Therefore, this study analyzed the causal item responses and proposed a categorization structure. The cohort study measurements were conducted at early cardiac rehabilitation and six months later. Illness perception was assessed using BIPQ scale with qualitative responses of causal item being independently coded by two researchers who assigned the responses to categories using template analysis approach. The study identified seven main causal categories of illness perception: lifestyle, psychological causes, natural causes, working conditions, body changes, environmental factors, and other causes. The perception that acute coronary syndrome is mainly due to lifestyle factors associates with better health-related outcomes compared to other causal perceptions. The proposed categorization of BIPQ causal item could be tested in the future research among different samples accounting only the main cause.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kastytis Šmigelskas
- Health Research Institute.,Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Public Health, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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534
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Hennessey SP, Rehman L. Anatomy of an effective workplace health intervention: a comprehensive new model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WORKPLACE HEALTH MANAGEMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/ijwhm-05-2019-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThis study proposes a new model, called the Integrated Human Health Model (IHHM), to improve the design and effectiveness of Workplace Health Promotion (WHP) interventions.Design/methodology/approachEighteen participants were purposefully selected from 44 participants in a 2.5-day WHP intervention targeting multiple health behaviours (MHB). The intervention has shown to improve quality of life and health-related behaviours in rigorous studies. Qualitative data collection methods were observations, repeat semi-structured interviews and weekly e-journals collected over three months. Template analysis was used to develop the IHHM describing participants' experiences.FindingsThe IHHM describes the health behaviour change process using eight themes: facilitation, assessment, desired life, barriers, knowledge and skills, insights, action planning, and monitor and support.Practical implicationsWith the paucity of evidence informing WHP intervention effectiveness, this study provides a preliminary model serving practitioners to design more effective interventions and scholars to improve evidence.Originality/valueThis study proposes a practical comprehensive model for practitioners and leaders to more effectively design and evaluate successful MHB WHP interventions compared to existing models.
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535
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Sewell JL, Bowen JL, Cate OT, O'Sullivan PS, Shah B, Boscardin CK. Learning Challenges, Teaching Strategies, and Cognitive Load: Insights From the Experience of Seasoned Endoscopy Teachers. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2020; 95:794-802. [PMID: 31425188 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000002946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Learners of medical procedures must develop, refine, and apply schemas for both cognitive and psychomotor constructs, which may strain working memory capacity. Procedures with limitations in visual and tactile information may add risk of cognitive overload. The authors sought to elucidate how experienced procedural teachers perceived learners' challenges and their own teaching strategies in the exemplar setting of gastrointestinal endoscopy. METHOD The authors interviewed 22 experienced endoscopy teachers in the United States, Canada, and the Netherlands between May 2016 and March 2019 and performed thematic analysis using template analysis method. Interviews addressed learner challenges and teaching strategies from the teacher participants' perspectives. Cognitive load theory informed data interpretation and analysis. RESULTS Participants described taking steps to "diagnose" trainee ability and identify struggling trainees. They described learning challenges related to trainees (performance over mastery goal orientation, low self-efficacy, lack of awareness), tasks (psychomotor challenges, mental model development, tactile understanding), teachers (teacher-trainee relationship, inadequate teaching, teaching variability), and settings (internal/external distractions, systems issues). Participants described employing strategies that could match intrinsic load to learners' levels (teaching along developmental continuum, motor instruction, technical assistance/takeover), minimize extraneous load (optimize environment, systems solutions, emotional support, define expectations), and optimize germane load (promote mastery, teach schemas, stop and focus). CONCLUSIONS Participants provided insight into possible challenges while learning complex medical procedures with limitations in sensory channels, as well as teaching strategies that may address these challenges at individual and systems levels. Using cognitive load theory, the authors provide recommendations for procedural teachers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin L Sewell
- J.L. Sewell is associate professor, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4049-2874. J.L. Bowen is professor, Department of Medical Education and Clinical Sciences, and associate dean for curriculum, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington. O. ten Cate is professor, Medical Education, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands, and adjunct professor, Department of Medicine University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6379-8780. P.S. O'Sullivan is professor, Department of Medicine, and director of research and development in medical education, Center for Faculty Educators, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8706-4095. B. Shah is associate professor, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medical Education, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York. C.K. Boscardin is associate professor, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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536
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Zijlstra AE, Menninga MC, van Os ECC, Kalverboer ME. They ask for protection: An exploratory study into experiences with violence among unaccompanied refugee children in Dutch reception facilities. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 103:104442. [PMID: 32163767 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children placed under governmental supervision and staying in residential or foster care are more vulnerable to violence than children who live with their own families. One specific group of children staying in reception facilities under governmental supervision comprises unaccompanied refugee children who have fled to a host country without their parents. OBJECTIVE This qualitative study explores the experiences of unaccompanied children with regard to violence in reception facilities in the Netherlands from the perspective of the children. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING 183 unaccompanied children (N = 183) sheltered in a variety of reception facilities in the Netherlands. METHOD Semi-structured interviews were conducted focusing on several topics related to their perceived quality of life. The transcripts of the interviews were analyzed for experiences with violence occurring inside the reception facilities. The codebook that was used was based on the categorization of maltreatment in the fourth United States National Incidence Study (NIS-4) and the interpretation of violence by the Committee on the Rights of the Child in General Comment No. 13 (GC 13). RESULTS A large share (66 %) of the unaccompanied children had experienced violence in various reception facilities. Most of the experiences reported had to do with either physical and emotional abuse and neglect or institutional violence. CONCLUSION The breadth of experiences of violence underlines the responsibility of the Dutch state to invest in the safe reception of unaccompanied children in order to protect their development, while also investing in further research on the prevalence of violence in the reception of unaccompanied children.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Zijlstra
- Study Centre for Children, Migration and Law, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - M C Menninga
- Study Centre for Children, Migration and Law, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - E C C van Os
- Study Centre for Children, Migration and Law, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - M E Kalverboer
- Study Centre for Children, Migration and Law, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
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537
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Martens SE, Wolfhagen IHAP, Whittingham JRD, Dolmans DHJM. Mind the gap: Teachers' conceptions of student-staff partnership and its potential to enhance educational quality. MEDICAL TEACHER 2020; 42:529-535. [PMID: 31961749 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2019.1708874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Student-staff partnerships as a concept to improve medical education have received a growing amount of attention. Such partnerships are collaborations in which students and teachers seek to improve education by each adding their unique contribution to decision-making and implementation processes. Although previous research has demonstrated that students are favourable to this concept, teachers remain hesitant. The present study investigated teachers' conceptions of student-staff partnerships and of the prerequisites that are necessary to render such partnerships successful and enhance educational quality.Method: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 14 course coordinators who lead course design teams and also teach in 4 bachelor health programmes, using Bovill and Bulley's levels of student participation as sensitising concepts during data analysis.Results: The results pointed to three different conceptions of student-staff partnerships existing among teachers: Teachers teach and students study; teachers teach and value students' feedback; and teachers and students co-create. The prerequisites for effective co-creation teachers identified were: Teachers must be open to involve students and create dialogues; students must be motivated and have good communication skills; the organisation must be supportive; and teachers should have the final say.Conclusion: We conclude that teachers' conceptions are consistent with Bovill and Bulley's levels of student participation. Under certain conditions, teachers are willing to co-create and reach the highest levels of student participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E Martens
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School of Health Professions Education, Department of Educational Development and Research, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ineke H A P Wolfhagen
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School of Health Professions Education, Department of Educational Development and Research, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jill R D Whittingham
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School of Health Professions Education, Department of Educational Development and Research, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Diana H J M Dolmans
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School of Health Professions Education, Department of Educational Development and Research, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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538
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Morrison BA, Coventry L, Briggs P. Technological Change in the Retirement Transition and the Implications for Cybersecurity Vulnerability in Older Adults. Front Psychol 2020; 11:623. [PMID: 32425841 PMCID: PMC7204559 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Retirement is a major life transition, which leads to substantial changes across almost all aspects of day-to-day life. Although this transition has previously been seen as the normative marker for entry into older adulthood, its influence on later life has remained relatively unstudied in terms of technology use and cybersecurity behaviours. This is problematic as older adults are at particular risk of becoming victims of cyber-crime. This study aimed to investigate which factors associated with the retirement transition were likely to increase vulnerability to cyber-attack in a sample of 12 United Kingdom based older adults, all of whom had retired within the past 5 years. Semi-structured, one to one interviews were conducted and subsequently analysed using thematic analysis. Six themes were identified referring to areas of loss in: social interaction, finances, day-to-day routine, feelings of competence, sense of purpose, and technology support structures. We discuss the implications of these losses for building cyber-resilience in retirees, with suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A. Morrison
- Psychology and Communication Technology Lab, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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539
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Sætrevik B, Ørbeck SB, Helland MV, Eid J. Decreased Job Security Without Change in Safety During Hydrocarbon Industry Recession. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.16993/sjwop.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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540
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Elliott R, Wattis J, Chirema K, Brooks J. Mental health nurses' understandings and experiences of providing care for the spiritual needs of service users: A qualitative study. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2020; 27:162-171. [PMID: 31495046 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Addressing spiritual issues to maintain a sense of hope, meaning and purpose can be an important aspect of mental health care which goes beyond simply providing facilities for religious observance. Expressions of spiritual need from service users can potentially be confused with symptoms of mental ill health. Little is known about how mental health nurses understand or provide this aspect of care for service users. WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: An understanding from the mental health nurse perspective of how mental health nurses understand and care for service users' spiritual needs, and what influences their practice in this area. Ideas about how education and opportunities for good practice in this area might be advanced. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: Nurses need more education and guidance as well as supportive team and management cultures so that they feel comfortable and able to deliver this important aspect of care. Abstract Introduction Mental health nurses have a professional obligation to attend to service users' spiritual needs, but little is known about specific issues related to provision of care for spiritual need faced by mental health nurses or how nurses understand this aspect of care and deliver it in practice. Aim/Question To explore mental health nurses' ́understandings of spiritual need and their experiences of delivering this care for service users. Method A qualitative study was conducted in one NHS mental health service. Interviews were undertaken with seventeen mental health nurses practising in a variety of areas. Results Four themes were generated from thematic analysis of data in the template style: Expressing personal perspectives on spirituality; Expressing perspectives on spirituality as a nursing professional; Nursing spiritually; and Permeating anxiety (integrative). Discussion Participants had complex understandings of spiritual need and evident anxieties in relation to this area of care. Two different approaches to nursing spiritually are characterised as (a) pragmatic (concerned with procedural aspects of care) and (b) spiritually empathetic. Mental health nurses were uncertain about the acceptability of attention to spiritual issues as part of care and anxious about distinguishing between symptoms of mental ill health and spiritual needs. Implications for practice Educational experiences need to emphasise both pragmatic and empathetic approaches, and work needs to be organised to support good practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Elliott
- School of Human and Health Science, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - John Wattis
- School of Human and Health Science, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Kathleen Chirema
- School of Human and Health Science, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Joanna Brooks
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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541
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Shin H, Gweon G. Supporting preschoolers’ transitions from screen time to screen-free time using augmented reality and encouraging offline leisure activity. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2019.106212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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542
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Ploetner C, Telford M, Braekkan K, Mullen K, Turnbull S, Gumley A, Allan S. Understanding and improving the experience of claiming social security for mental health problems in the west of Scotland: A participatory social welfare study. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 48:675-692. [PMID: 31730711 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of literature links claimant interactions with the UK social security system and negative psychological consequences. Psychologists for social change developed a framework to outline proposed mechanisms of psychological impact from austerity. This codesigned study aimed to make an informed comment on areas of dis(agreement) between the Austerity Ailments framework and how people claiming for mental health problems describe their own experiences. In line with the participatory social welfare design of the study, qualitative analysis was performed by both claimants and academics. The overall findings indicate that existing framework mostly captured claimant experiences. However, some aspects of the claimant experience (particularly social aspects) were not well captured. Claimants were keen to utilise this study as an opportunity to gather claimant ideas on how to improve the system. Therefore, we report their suggestions that may be useful for those designing and improving social welfare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Ploetner
- Glasgow Mental Health Research Facility, Glasgow Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Morgan Telford
- Glasgow Mental Health Research Facility, Glasgow Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Karina Braekkan
- Glasgow Mental Health Research Facility, Glasgow Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Kenneth Mullen
- Glasgow Mental Health Research Facility, Glasgow Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Sue Turnbull
- Glasgow Mental Health Research Facility, Glasgow Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Andrew Gumley
- Glasgow Mental Health Research Facility, Glasgow Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Stephanie Allan
- Glasgow Mental Health Research Facility, Glasgow Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
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543
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Lea E, Synnes O. An intimate connection: Exploring the visual art experiences of persons with dementia. DEMENTIA 2020; 20:848-866. [PMID: 32192375 DOI: 10.1177/1471301220911264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to describe and discuss the art experience of persons with dementia taking part in guided museum tours at a Norwegian art museum. The analysis is based on semi-structured open-ended interviews with participants and researcher field notes. The results demonstrate the capacity and willingness of persons with dementia to reach out and connect on a personal level with the artworks. We identified four experiential dimensions: (1) a new way of seeing, (2) being lifted out of everyday life, (3) activating emotional and bodily responses and (4) connecting art and life. Our findings draw attention to the existential dimensions of the art experience and show that dementia-friendly programmes can offer individuals with dementia a way to stay connected both to themselves and to the wider community through active participation in a cultural discourse. This is the first research study conducted in this emerging field in a Norwegian context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Lea
- Centre for Diaconia and Professional Practice, VID Specialized University, Bergen, Norway
| | - Oddgeir Synnes
- Centre for Diaconia and Professional Practice, VID Specialized University, Bergen, Norway
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544
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Mikocka-Walus A, Hanlon I, Dober M, Emerson C, Beswick L, Selinger C, Taylor J, Olive L, Evans S, Hewitt C. Lived experience in people with inflammatory bowel disease and comorbid anxiety and depression in the United Kingdom and Australia. J Health Psychol 2020; 26:2290-2303. [PMID: 32175775 DOI: 10.1177/1359105320911427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored the lived experience of people with inflammatory bowel disease and anxiety/depression. It utilised a deductive biopsychosocial framework. Overall, 24 patients and 20 healthcare professionals from two countries participated. In the United Kingdom, the main themes included (1) bidirectional relationship between inflammatory bowel disease and mental health, (2) the need for healthcare integration and (3) lack of awareness about the disease. In Australia, (1) the 'vicious cycle' of inflammatory bowel disease and psychosocial health, (2) the need for biopsychosocial healthcare integration and (3) the stigma of a hidden disease. Better communication around mental illness is essential in improving inflammatory bowel disease healthcare.
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545
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Thompson NA, van Gelderen M, Keppler L. No Need to Worry? Anxiety and Coping in the Entrepreneurship Process. Front Psychol 2020; 11:398. [PMID: 32226405 PMCID: PMC7080856 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding experiences of and responses to anxiety is foundational to developing robust theories of entrepreneurial behavior. Using open-ended, vignette and graphical elicitation interviews with 77 entrepreneurs, we inductively investigate the experience of and coping responses to anxiety during the entrepreneurship process. We develop a comprehensive and dynamic goal-striving model to explain experiencing and coping with entrepreneurial anxiety by integrating empirical findings with appraisal and control theories. In doing so, we theorize that entrepreneurial anxiety is endogenous to a cyclical conception of goal-striving, such that various sources of anxiety make sense only in consideration of the goals, standards or values to which they pertain. In this regard, entrepreneurs' coping responses influence four different points of an iterative goal-striving cycle-an insight that moves beyond problematic static and binary coping classifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil A. Thompson
- Department of Management and Organisation, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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546
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van Gilst E, Schalk R, Kluijtmans T, Poell R. The Role of Remediation in Mitigating the Negative Consequences of Psychological Contract Breach: A Qualitative Study in the Banking Sector. JOURNAL OF CHANGE MANAGEMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14697017.2020.1737180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erika van Gilst
- Department of Human Resource Studies, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - René Schalk
- Department of Human Resource Studies, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
- Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Tom Kluijtmans
- Department of Human Resource Studies, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Rob Poell
- Department of Human Resource Studies, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
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547
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Vasconcelos AF. Analyzing the effects of incivility beyond workplaces. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL ANALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/ijoa-08-2019-1865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to peruse a strike enacted by the police force (PF) from a southeast state of Brazil and its consequences to the population through the lens of workplace incivility (WI) theory.
Design/methodology/approach
This study draws on a qualitative research design and social constructivism paradigm. In addition, it uses the template analysis, a peculiar form of thematic analysis, which is grounded on the hierarchical coding. Accordingly, it allows the researcher to yield a broad structure (obviously through the task of analyzing textual data, i.e. published texts) as well as providing enough flexibility to comply with the needs of a study.
Findings
Overall, there was a slightly shift between the initial template and the second one. Rather, the initial thematic assumptions were largely confirmed, namely, antecedents, strike strategy, reactions and consequences; yet, findings also showed other theme, i.e. mitigating decisions. The template analysis used here turned to be a consistent path given that it allowed finding a range of categories related to the themes, which substantiated the results. On the other hand, this investigation shows that even society, as a whole, may be seriously affected by WI.
Research limitations/implications
This investigation has some limitations regarding that it is a qualitative endeavor. Therefore, the outcomes cannot be generalized, and it constitutes the chief limitation of this study.
Practical implications
In terms of practical implications, findings suggest that public managers, mayors and governors must pay strong attention to the task of motivating their workforce. Robust human resource policies and fair salary may avoid job dissatisfaction.
Social implications
Data also indicated that incivility may be related to complex dynamics whose negative impacts may go beyond the workplaces.
Originality/value
This study expands the theory of WI by paying attention to a generally neglected group (police officers). In addition, it focuses on an emergent economy, which is at odds with robust problems of finance and public management nature. In doing so, it provides evidence of other consequences of WI. Broadly speaking, citizens and businesses are consumers of public services, including safety. Finally, it suggests that WI may be associated with two instigators simultaneously. In this case, it was intertwined with governor’s weak human resources policies and the civil servants’ irresponsibility.
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548
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Gamarel KE, Mouzoon R, Rivas A, Stephenson R, Mmeje O. Healthcare providers and community perspectives on expedited partner therapy (EPT) for use with gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men. Sex Transm Infect 2020; 96:101-105. [PMID: 31511394 PMCID: PMC7031027 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2019-054156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Expedited partner therapy (EPT) is an effective strategy to reduce rates of chlamydia and gonorrhoea infection and ensure sexual partners are treated. Currently, EPT is provided to heterosexual patients; however, EPT is not routinely recommended for use with gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) because of concerns about HIV coinfection. The objective of the qualitative study was to understand provider and community views on the use of EPT with GBMSM. METHODS Using convenience sampling methods, we recruited a sample of 18 healthcare providers and 21 GBMSM to participate in in-depth, semistructured interviews. Interviews were conducted over the phone and included questions about knowledge, experiences and potential barriers and facilitators to the use of EPT with GBMSM. RESULTS Most providers wanted to provide EPT to GBMSM and believed that the potential barriers and concerns to EPT use were not unique to a patient's sexual orientation. Several providers noted that they were currently providing EPT to GBMSM as part of HIV prevention services. Community members were generally unaware of EPT as a service and most indicated that they would only use EPT if they were in a committed relationship. Barriers included partner allergies and resistance, pharmacy protocols, structural concerns (eg, insurance coverage, pharmacists onsite and transportation) and potential disclosure issues. Facilitators included cultural humility and telemedicine with patients' partners to overcome these barriers. CONCLUSIONS Acceptability of EPT use for both chlamydia and gonorrhoea was high among providers and community members. Barriers to EPT use, including concerns about patients' partners' allergies and resistance, disclosure concerns and linkage to HIV prevention services can be overcome through cultural humility trainings and telemedicine. Changing EPT recommendations at the national level to be inclusive of GBMSM is critical to curtail the rising STI and HIV epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi E Gamarel
- Department of Health Education and Health Behavior, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Raha Mouzoon
- Department of Health Education and Health Behavior, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alejandro Rivas
- Department of Health Education and Health Behavior, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rob Stephenson
- Department of Health Education and Health Behavior, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Systems, Populations and Leadership, University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Okeoma Mmeje
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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549
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Morgan K, Campbell KL, Sargeant S, Reidlinger DP. Preparedness for advancing future health: a national qualitative exploration of dietetics graduates' experiences. ADVANCES IN HEALTH SCIENCES EDUCATION : THEORY AND PRACTICE 2020; 25:31-53. [PMID: 31385102 DOI: 10.1007/s10459-019-09904-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Effective health workforce preparation is critical to the health of those who stand to benefit from its services. Emerging dietitians can provide important insights on an evolving workforce that is well-placed to advance future global health. This study aimed to explore a national sample of dietetics graduates' experiences of, and challenges faced in, dietetics workforce preparation and preparedness in Australia. An interpretive description methodology guided this study whereby researchers interpreted the meanings that participants attributed to their experiences. Twenty dietitians (graduated within the last 2 years) were purposively sampled from across Australia and detailed insights were obtained through semi-structured interviews. A multi-analyst approach employing thematic and template analysis, enabled five themes to be identified across the data set. These included: (1) being held back; (2) chasing the prize; (3) valuing real learning; (4) easing the transition; and (5) encountering influencers. While graduates appreciated their preparation, they were not empowered or equipped to embrace opportunities in diverse and emerging areas of dietetics practice. Graduates were challenged by the competitive landscape of securing obvious job opportunities and by a lack of support in transitioning into the workforce. Practice exposures and encounters with influential dietitians were highly valued. Research on role-emerging dietetics placements along with enhanced support mechanisms for novice dietitians is urgently required to ensure appropriate alignment between future dietetics preparation and practice. Obtaining insights into health professional graduates' experiences of their education can be used to ensure that emerging health workforces are relevant and responsive to future market needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Morgan
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4226, Australia.
| | - Katrina L Campbell
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4226, Australia
| | - Sally Sargeant
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Coolangatta, Australia
| | - Dianne P Reidlinger
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4226, Australia
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550
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Surr CA, Sass C, Burnley N, Drury M, Smith SJ, Parveen S, Burden S, Oyebode J. Components of impactful dementia training for general hospital staff: a collective case study. Aging Ment Health 2020; 24:511-521. [PMID: 30596270 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2018.1531382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: People with dementia occupy around one quarter of general hospital beds, with concerns consistently raised about care quality. Improving workforce knowledge, skills and attitudes is a mechanism for addressing this. However little is known about effective ways of training healthcare staff about dementia. This study aimed to understand models of dementia training most likely to lead to improved practice and better care experiences for people with dementia, and to understand barriers and facilitators to implementation.Method: A collective case study was conducted in three National Health Service Acute Hospital Trusts in England. Multiple data sources were used including interviews with training leads/facilitators, ward managers and staff who had attended training; satisfaction surveys with patients with dementia and/or carers; and observations of care using Dementia Care Mapping.Results: Interactive face-to-face training designed for general hospital staff was valued. Simulation and experiential learning methods were felt to be beneficial by some staff and stressful and distressing by others. Skilled delivery by an experienced and enthusiastic facilitator was identified as important. Staff identified learning and practice changes made following their training. However, observations revealed not all staff had the knowledge, attitudes and skills needed to deliver good care. Patient and carer satisfaction with care was mixed. A major barrier to training implementation was lack of resources. Supportive managers, organisational culture and strong leadership were key facilitators.Conclusion: Dementia training can lead to improved care practices. There are a range of key barriers and facilitators to implementation that must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire A Surr
- Centre for Dementia Research, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Cara Sass
- Centre for Dementia Research, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Natasha Burnley
- Centre for Dementia Research, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Michelle Drury
- Centre for Applied Dementia Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Sarah J Smith
- Centre for Dementia Research, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Sahdia Parveen
- Centre for Applied Dementia Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Sarah Burden
- Centre for Dementia Research, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Jan Oyebode
- Centre for Applied Dementia Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
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