501
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Palmeros-Suárez PA, Massange-Sánchez JA, Martínez-Gallardo NA, Montero-Vargas JM, Gómez-Leyva JF, Délano-Frier JP. The overexpression of an Amaranthus hypochondriacus NF-YC gene modifies growth and confers water deficit stress resistance in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 240:25-40. [PMID: 26475185 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor-Y (NF-Y), is a plant heterotrimeric transcription factor constituted by NF-YA, NF-YB and NF-YC subunits. The function of many NF-Y subunits, mostly of the A and B type, has been studied in plants, but knowledge regarding the C subunit remains fragmentary. Here, a water stress-induced NF-YC gene from Amaranthus hypochondriacus (AhNF-YC) was further characterized by its overexpression in transgenic Arabidospis thaliana plants. A role in development was inferred from modified growth rates in root, rosettes and inflorescences recorded in AhNF-YC overexpressing Arabidopsis plants, in addition to a delayed onset of flowering. Also, the overexpression of AhNF-YC caused increased seedling sensitivity to abscisic acid (ABA), and influenced the expression of several genes involved in secondary metabolism, development and ABA-related responses. An altered expression of the latter in water stressed and recovered transgenic plants, together with the observed increase in ABA sensitivity, suggested that their increased water stress resistance was partly ABA-dependent. An untargeted metabolomic analysis also revealed an altered metabolite pattern, both in normal and water stress/recovery conditions. These results suggest that AhNF-YC may play an important regulatory role in both development and stress, and represents a candidate gene for the engineering of abiotic stress resistance in commercial crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola A Palmeros-Suárez
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I. P. N. (Cinvestav), Unidad Irapuato, Km 9.6 del Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, Apartado Postal 629, C.P. 36821 Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Julio A Massange-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I. P. N. (Cinvestav), Unidad Irapuato, Km 9.6 del Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, Apartado Postal 629, C.P. 36821 Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Norma A Martínez-Gallardo
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I. P. N. (Cinvestav), Unidad Irapuato, Km 9.6 del Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, Apartado Postal 629, C.P. 36821 Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Josaphat M Montero-Vargas
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I. P. N. (Cinvestav), Unidad Irapuato, Km 9.6 del Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, Apartado Postal 629, C.P. 36821 Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Juan F Gómez-Leyva
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Instituto Tecnológico de Tlajomulco, Jalisco (ITTJ), Km 10 Carretera a San Miguel Cuyutlán, C.P. 45640 Tlajomulco de Zúñiga, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - John P Délano-Frier
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I. P. N. (Cinvestav), Unidad Irapuato, Km 9.6 del Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, Apartado Postal 629, C.P. 36821 Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
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502
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Ding S, Zhang B, Qin F. Arabidopsis RZFP34/CHYR1, a Ubiquitin E3 Ligase, Regulates Stomatal Movement and Drought Tolerance via SnRK2.6-Mediated Phosphorylation. THE PLANT CELL 2015; 27:3228-44. [PMID: 26508764 PMCID: PMC4682294 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.15.00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a phytohormone that plays a fundamental role in plant development and stress response, especially in the regulation of stomatal closure in response to water deficit stress. The signal transduction that occurs in response to ABA and drought stress is mediated by protein phosphorylation and ubiquitination. This research identified Arabidopsis thaliana RING ZINC-FINGER PROTEIN34 (RZP34; renamed here as CHY ZINC-FINGER AND RING PROTEIN1 [CHYR1]) as an ubiquitin E3 ligase. CHYR1 expression was significantly induced by ABA and drought, and along with its corresponding protein, was expressed mainly in vascular tissues and stomata. Analysis of CHYR1 gain-of-function and loss-of-function plants revealed that CHYR1 promotes ABA-induced stomatal closure, reactive oxygen species production, and plant drought tolerance. Furthermore, CHYR1 interacted with SNF1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE2 (SnRK2) kinases and could be phosphorylated by SnRK2.6 on the Thr-178 residue. Overexpression of CHYR1(T178A), a phosphorylation-deficient mutant, interfered with the proper function of CHYR1, whereas CHYR1(T178D) phenocopied the gain of function of CHYR1. Thus, this study identified a RING-type ubiquitin E3 ligase that functions positively in ABA and drought responses and detailed how its ubiquitin E3 ligase activity is regulated by SnRK2.6-mediated protein phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangcheng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Feng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
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503
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Gong X, Zhang J, Hu J, Wang W, Wu H, Zhang Q, Liu JH. FcWRKY70, a WRKY protein of Fortunella crassifolia, functions in drought tolerance and modulates putrescine synthesis by regulating arginine decarboxylase gene. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:2248-62. [PMID: 25808564 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
WRKY comprises a large family of transcription factors in plants, but most WRKY members are still poorly understood. In this study, we report functional characterization of a Group III WRKY gene (FcWRKY70) from Fortunella crassifolia. FcWRKY70 was greatly induced by drought and abscisic acid, but slightly or negligibly by salt and cold. Overexpression of FcWRKY70 in tobacco (Nicotiana nudicaulis) and lemon (Citrus lemon) conferred enhanced tolerance to dehydration and drought stresses. Transgenic tobacco and lemon exhibited higher expression levels of ADC (arginine decarboxylase), and accumulated larger amount of putrescine in comparison with wild type (WT). Treatment with D-arginine, an inhibitor of ADC, caused transgenic tobacco plants more sensitive to dehydration. Knock-down of FcWRKY70 in kumquat down-regulated ADC abundance and decreased putrescine level, accompanied by compromised dehydration tolerance. The promoter region of FcADC contained two W-box elements, which were shown to be interacted with FcWRKY70. Taken together, our data demonstrated that FcWRKY70 functions in drought tolerance by, at least partly, promoting production of putrescine via regulating ADC expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Gong
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jingyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jianbing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ji-Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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504
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Rizwan M, Ali S, Ibrahim M, Farid M, Adrees M, Bharwana SA, Zia-Ur-Rehman M, Qayyum MF, Abbas F. Mechanisms of silicon-mediated alleviation of drought and salt stress in plants: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:15416-31. [PMID: 26335528 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5305-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Drought and salinity are the main abiotic stresses limiting crop yield and quality worldwide. Improving food production in drought- and salt-prone areas is the key to meet the increasing food demands in near future. It has been widely reported that silicon (Si), a second most abundant element in soil, could reduce drought and salt stress in plants. Here, we reviewed the emerging role of Si in enhancing drought and salt tolerance in plants and highlighted the mechanisms through which Si could alleviate both drought and salt stress in plants. Silicon application increased plant growth, biomass, photosynthetic pigments, straw and grain yield, and quality under either drought or salt stress. Under both salt and drought stress, the key mechanisms evoked are nutrient elements homeostasis, modification of gas exchange attributes, osmotic adjustment, regulating the synthesis of compatible solutes, stimulation of antioxidant enzymes, and gene expression in plants. In addition, Si application decreased Na(+) uptake and translocation while increased K(+) uptake and translocation under salt stress. However, these mechanisms vary with plant species, genotype, growth conditions, duration of stress imposed, and so on. This review article highlights the potential for improving plant resistance to drought and salt stress by Si application and provides a theoretical basis for application of Si in saline soils and arid and semiarid regions worldwide. This review article also highlights the future research needs about the role of Si under drought stress and in saline soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mujahid Farid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Jalal Put Jattan Road, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adrees
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Saima Aslam Bharwana
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zia-Ur-Rehman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Farooq Qayyum
- Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Abbas
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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505
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Guo J, Shi G, Guo X, Zhang L, Xu W, Wang Y, Su Z, Hua J. Transcriptome analysis reveals that distinct metabolic pathways operate in salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive upland cotton varieties subjected to salinity stress. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 238:33-45. [PMID: 26259172 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress is one of the most devastating abiotic stresses in crop plants. As a moderately salt-tolerant crop, upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is a major cash crop in saline areas and a suitable model for salt stress tolerance research. In this study, we compared the transcriptome changes between the salt-tolerant upland cotton cultivar Zhong 07 and salt-sensitive cultivar Zhong G5 in response to NaCl treatments. Transcriptional regulation, signal transduction and secondary metabolism in two varieties showed significant differences, all of which might be related to mechanisms underlying salt stress tolerance. The transcriptional profiles presented here provide a foundation for deciphering the mechanism underlying salt tolerance. Based on our findings, we proposed several candidate genes that might be used to improve salt tolerance in upland cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Guo
- College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Gongyao Shi
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Guo
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Liwei Zhang
- College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Wenying Xu
- College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yumei Wang
- Research Institute of Cash Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhen Su
- College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jinping Hua
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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506
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Park C, Lim CW, Baek W, Lee SC. RING Type E3 Ligase CaAIR1 in Pepper Acts in the Regulation of ABA Signaling and Drought Stress Response. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:1808-19. [PMID: 26169196 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Several E3 ubiquitin ligases have been associated with the response to abiotic and biotic stresses in higher plants. Here, we report that the hot pepper (Capsicum annuum) ABA-Insensitive RING protein 1 gene (CaAIR1) is essential for a hypersensitive response to drought stress. CaAIR1 contains a C3HC4-type RING finger motif, which plays a role for attachment of ubiquitins to the target protein, and a putative transmembrane domain. The expression levels of CaAIR1 are up-regulated in pepper leaves by ABA treatments, drought and NaCl, suggesting its role in the response to abiotic stress. Our analysis showed that CaAIR1 displays self-ubiquitination and is localized in the nucleus. We generated CaAIR1-silenced peppers via virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and CaAIR1-overexpressing (OX) transgenic Arabidopsis plants to evaluate their responses to ABA and drought. VIGS of CaAIR1 in pepper plants conferred an enhanced tolerance to drought stress, which was accompanied by low levels of transpirational water loss in the drought-treated leaves. CaAIR1-OX plants displayed an impaired sensitivity to ABA during seed germination, seedling and adult stages. Moreover, these plants showed enhanced sensitivity to drought stress because of reduced stomatal closure and decreased expression of stress-responsive genes. Thus, our data indicate that CaAIR1 is a negative regulator of the ABA-mediated drought stress tolerance mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanmi Park
- Department of Life Science (BK21 program), Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756 Republic of Korea These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Chae Woo Lim
- Department of Life Science (BK21 program), Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756 Republic of Korea These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Woonhee Baek
- Department of Life Science (BK21 program), Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Chul Lee
- Department of Life Science (BK21 program), Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756 Republic of Korea
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507
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Nouri MZ, Moumeni A, Komatsu S. Abiotic Stresses: Insight into Gene Regulation and Protein Expression in Photosynthetic Pathways of Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:20392-416. [PMID: 26343644 PMCID: PMC4613210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160920392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Global warming and climate change intensified the occurrence and severity of abiotic stresses that seriously affect the growth and development of plants,especially, plant photosynthesis. The direct impact of abiotic stress on the activity of photosynthesis is disruption of all photosynthesis components such as photosystem I and II, electron transport, carbon fixation, ATP generating system and stomatal conductance. The photosynthetic system of plants reacts to the stress differently, according to the plant type, photosynthetic systems (C₃ or C₄), type of the stress, time and duration of the occurrence and several other factors. The plant responds to the stresses by a coordinate chloroplast and nuclear gene expression. Chloroplast, thylakoid membrane, and nucleus are the main targets of regulated proteins and metabolites associated with photosynthetic pathways. Rapid responses of plant cell metabolism and adaptation to photosynthetic machinery are key factors for survival of plants in a fluctuating environment. This review gives a comprehensive view of photosynthesis-related alterations at the gene and protein levels for plant adaptation or reaction in response to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Zaman Nouri
- Rice Research Institute of Iran, Mazandaran Branch, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Amol 46191-91951, Iran.
| | - Ali Moumeni
- Rice Research Institute of Iran, Mazandaran Branch, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Amol 46191-91951, Iran.
| | - Setsuko Komatsu
- National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8518, Japan.
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508
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Ismail A, Seo M, Takebayashi Y, Kamiya Y, Nick P. A balanced JA/ABA status may correlate with adaptation to osmotic stress in Vitis cells. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 185:57-64. [PMID: 26277753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Water-related stress is considered a major type of plant stress. Osmotic stress, in particular, represents the common part of all water-related stresses. Therefore, plants have evolved different adaptive mechanisms to cope with osmotic-related disturbances. In the current work, two grapevine cell lines that differ in their osmotic adaptability, Vitis rupestris and Vitis riparia, were investigated under mannitol-induced osmotic stress. To dissect signals that lead to adaptability from those related to sensitivity, osmotic-triggered responses with respect to jasmonic acid (JA) and its active form JA-Ile, abscisic acid (ABA), and stilbene compounds, as well as the expression of their related genes were observed. In addition, the transcript levels of the cellular homeostasis gene NHX1 were examined. The data are discussed with a hypothesis suggesting that a balance of JA and ABA status might correlate with cellular responses, either guiding cells to sensitivity or to progress toward adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ismail
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt.
| | - Mitsunori Seo
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | | | - Yuji Kamiya
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Peter Nick
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany
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509
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Zefferman E, Stevens JT, Charles GK, Dunbar-Irwin M, Emam T, Fick S, Morales LV, Wolf KM, Young DJN, Young TP. Plant communities in harsh sites are less invaded: a summary of observations and proposed explanations. AOB PLANTS 2015; 7:plv056. [PMID: 26002746 PMCID: PMC4497477 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plv056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plant communities in abiotically stressful, or 'harsh', habitats have been reported to be less invaded by non-native species than those in more moderate habitats. Here, we synthesize descriptive and experimental evidence for low levels of invasion in habitats characterized by a variety of environmental stressors: low nitrogen; low phosphorus; saline, sodic or alkaline soils; serpentine soils; low soil moisture; shallow/rocky soils; temporary inundation; high shade; high elevation; and high latitude. We then discuss major categories of hypotheses to explain this pattern: the propagule limitation mechanism suggests invasion of harsh sites is limited by relatively low arrival rates of propagules compared with more moderate habitats, while invasion resistance mechanisms suggest that harsh habitats are inherently less invasible due to stressful abiotic conditions and/or increased effects of biotic resistance from resident organisms. Both propagule limitation and invasion resistance may simultaneously contribute to low invadedness of harsh sites, but the management implications of these mechanisms differ. If propagule limitation is more important, managers should focus on reducing the likelihood of propagule introductions. If invasion resistance mechanisms are in play, managers should focus on restoring or maintaining harsh conditions at a site to reduce invasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Zefferman
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA Present address: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37917, USA
| | - Jens T Stevens
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA John Muir Institute for the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Grace K Charles
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Mila Dunbar-Irwin
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Taraneh Emam
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Stephen Fick
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Laura V Morales
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kristina M Wolf
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Derek J N Young
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Truman P Young
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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510
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Hamann T. The plant cell wall integrity maintenance mechanism--a case study of a cell wall plasma membrane signaling network. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 112:100-9. [PMID: 25446233 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Some of the most important functions of plant cell walls are protection against biotic/abiotic stress and structural support during growth and development. A prerequisite for plant cell walls to perform these functions is the ability to perceive different types of stimuli in both qualitative and quantitative manners and initiate appropriate responses. The responses in turn involve adaptive changes in cellular and cell wall metabolism leading to modifications in the structures originally required for perception. While our knowledge about the underlying plant mechanisms is limited, results from Saccharomyces cerevisiae suggest the cell wall integrity maintenance mechanism represents an excellent example to illustrate how the molecular mechanisms responsible for stimulus perception, signal transduction and integration can function. Here I will review the available knowledge about the yeast cell wall integrity maintenance system for illustration purposes, summarize the limited knowledge available about the corresponding plant mechanism and discuss the relevance of the plant cell wall integrity maintenance mechanism in biotic stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Hamann
- Department of Biology, Høgskoleringen 5, Realfagbygget, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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511
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Transcriptomic analysis of the primary roots of Alhagi sparsifolia in response to water stress. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120791. [PMID: 25822368 PMCID: PMC4379016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alhagi sparsifolia is a typical desert phreatophyte and has evolved to withstand extreme dry, cold and hot weather. While A. sparsifolia represents an ideal model to study the molecular mechanism of plant adaption to abiotic stress, no research has been done in this aspect to date. Here we took advantage of Illumina platform to survey transcriptome in primary roots of A. sparsifolia under water stress conditions in aim to facilitate the exploration of its genetic basis for drought tolerance. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We sequenced four primary roots samples individually collected at 0, 6, 24 and 30h from the A. sparsifolia seedlings in the course of 24h of water stress following 6h of rehydration. The resulting 38,763,230, 67,511,150, 49,259,804 and 54,744,906 clean reads were pooled and assembled into 33,255 unigenes with an average length of 1,057 bp. All-unigenes were subjected to functional annotation by searching against the public databases. Based on the established transcriptome database, we further evaluated the gene expression profiles in the four different primary roots samples, and identified numbers of differently expressed genes (DEGs) reflecting the early response to water stress (6h vs. 0h), the late response to water stress (24h vs. 0h) and the response to post water stress rehydration (30h vs. 24h). Moreover, the DEGs specifically regulated at 6, 24 and 30h were captured in order to depict the dynamic changes of gene expression during water stress and subsequent rehydration. Functional categorization of the DEGs indicated the activation of oxidoreductase system, and particularly emphasized the significance of the 'Glutathione metabolism pathway' in response to water stress. CONCLUSIONS This is the first description of the genetic makeup of A. sparsifolia, thus providing a substantial contribution to the sequence resources for this species. The identified DEGs offer a deep insight into the molecular mechanism of A. sparsifolia in response to water stress, and merit further investigation.
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512
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Petrov V, Hille J, Mueller-Roeber B, Gechev TS. ROS-mediated abiotic stress-induced programmed cell death in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:69. [PMID: 25741354 PMCID: PMC4332301 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
During the course of their ontogenesis plants are continuously exposed to a large variety of abiotic stress factors which can damage tissues and jeopardize the survival of the organism unless properly countered. While animals can simply escape and thus evade stressors, plants as sessile organisms have developed complex strategies to withstand them. When the intensity of a detrimental factor is high, one of the defense programs employed by plants is the induction of programmed cell death (PCD). This is an active, genetically controlled process which is initiated to isolate and remove damaged tissues thereby ensuring the survival of the organism. The mechanism of PCD induction usually includes an increase in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are utilized as mediators of the stress signal. Abiotic stress-induced PCD is not only a process of fundamental biological importance, but also of considerable interest to agricultural practice as it has the potential to significantly influence crop yield. Therefore, numerous scientific enterprises have focused on elucidating the mechanisms leading to and controlling PCD in response to adverse conditions in plants. This knowledge may help develop novel strategies to obtain more resilient crop varieties with improved tolerance and enhanced productivity. The aim of the present review is to summarize the recent advances in research on ROS-induced PCD related to abiotic stress and the role of the organelles in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veselin Petrov
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, PlovdivBulgaria
| | - Jacques Hille
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Groningen, GroningenNetherlands
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-GolmGermany
| | - Tsanko S. Gechev
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, PlovdivBulgaria
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-GolmGermany
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513
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Bansal S, Harrington CA, Gould PJ, St Clair JB. Climate-related genetic variation in drought-resistance of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2015; 21:947-58. [PMID: 25156589 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
There is a general assumption that intraspecific populations originating from relatively arid climates will be better adapted to cope with the expected increase in drought from climate change. For ecologically and economically important species, more comprehensive, genecological studies that utilize large distributions of populations and direct measures of traits associated with drought-resistance are needed to empirically support this assumption because of the implications for the natural or assisted regeneration of species. We conducted a space-for-time substitution, common garden experiment with 35 populations of coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii) growing at three test sites with distinct summer temperature and precipitation (referred to as 'cool/moist', 'moderate', or 'warm/dry') to test the hypotheses that (i) there is large genetic variation among populations and regions in traits associated with drought-resistance, (ii) the patterns of genetic variation are related to the native source-climate of each population, in particular with summer temperature and precipitation, (iii) the differences among populations and relationships with climate are stronger at the warm/dry test site owing to greater expression of drought-resistance traits (i.e., a genotype × environment interaction). During midsummer 2012, we measured the rate of water loss after stomatal closure (transpiration(min)), water deficit (% below turgid saturation), and specific leaf area (SLA, cm(2) g(-1)) on new growth of sapling branches. There was significant genetic variation in all plant traits, with populations originating from warmer and drier climates having greater drought-resistance (i.e., lower transpiration(min), water deficit and SLA), but these trends were most clearly expressed only at the warm/dry test site. Contrary to expectations, populations from cooler climates also had greater drought-resistance across all test sites. Multiple regression analysis indicated that Douglas-fir populations from regions with relatively cool winters and arid summers may be most adapted to cope with drought conditions that are expected in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheel Bansal
- Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA-Forest Service, 3625 93rd Avenue SW, Olympia, WA, 98512, USA
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514
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Liu X, Merchant A, Rockett KS, McCormack M, Pajerowska-Mukhtar KM. Characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana GCN2 kinase roles in seed germination and plant development. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e992264. [PMID: 25912940 PMCID: PMC4622727 DOI: 10.4161/15592324.2014.992264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic GCN2 (general control nonderepressible 2) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that plays an essential role in modulating amino acid metabolism in response to nutrient deprivation. A wide spectrum of GCN2 functions in yeast and mammals has been characterized that spans from responses to amino acid deficiency, development, differentiation and proper functions of mammalian organs to organism's life span, tumor cell survival and immune responses. Here we demonstrate that Arabidopsis thaliana GCN2 (AtGCN2) plays crucial roles in plant growth and development. We present evidence that AtGCN2 negatively regulates seed germination under diverse environmental conditions. Our genetic data supported the notion that AtGCN2 is required for leaf morphology and normal cellular physiology by controlling chlorophyll contents. Our gene expression analyses revealed that AtGCN2 negatively regulates several transcription factor genes that play important roles in plant gibberellic acid-related crosstalk. We concluded that AtGCN2 plays pivotal roles in various cellular processes essential for normal growth and development, hence expanding the functions of this general regulator beyond being merely a stress player.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Biology; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Azim Merchant
- Department of Biology; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Kristin S Rockett
- Department of Biology; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Maggie McCormack
- Department of Biology; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Karolina M Pajerowska-Mukhtar
- Department of Biology; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL USA
- Correspondence to: Karolina Pajerowska-Mukhtar;
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515
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Huo Y, Wang M, Wei Y, Xia Z. Overexpression of the Maize psbA Gene Enhances Drought Tolerance Through Regulating Antioxidant System, Photosynthetic Capability, and Stress Defense Gene Expression in Tobacco. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1223. [PMID: 26793207 PMCID: PMC4709446 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The psbA (encoding D1 protein) plays an important role in protecting photosystem II (PSII) from oxidative damage in higher plants. In our previous study, the role of the psbA from maize (Zea mays. L) in response to SO2 stress was characterized. To date, information about the involvement of the psbA gene in drought response is scarce. Here we found that overexpression (OE) of ZmpsbA showed increased D1 protein abundance and enhanced drought stress tolerance in tobacco. The drought-tolerant phenotypes of the OE lines were accompanied by increases of key antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, and POD activities, but decreases of hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and ion leakage. Further investigation showed that the OE plants had much less reductions than the wild-type in the net photosynthesis rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), and the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) during drought stress; indicating that OE of ZmpsbA may alleviate photosynthesis inhibition during drought. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that there was significantly increased expression of NtLEA5, NtERD10C, NtAREB, and NtCDPK2 in ZmpsbA-OE lines. Together, our results indicate that ZmpsbA improves drought tolerance in tobacco possibly by alleviating photosynthesis reduction, reducing reactive oxygen species accumulation and membrane damage, and modulating stress defense gene expression. ZmpsbA could be exploited for engineering drought-tolerant plants in molecular breeding of crops.
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516
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Boudsocq M, Danquah A, de Zélicourt A, Hirt H, Colcombet J. Plant MAPK cascades: Just rapid signaling modules? PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e1062197. [PMID: 26313321 PMCID: PMC4883854 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1062197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a major phytohormone mediating important stress-related processes. We recently unveiled an ABA-activated MAPK signaling module constituted of MAP3K17/18-MKK3-MPK1/2/7/14. Unlike classical rapid MAPK activation, we showed that the activation of the new MAPK module is delayed and relies on the MAP3K protein synthesis. In this addendum, we discuss the role of this original and unexpected activation mechanism of MAPK cascades which suggests that MAPKs can regulate both early and long-term plant stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Boudsocq
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Center National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Paris Sud/Université Paris Diderot/Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne; Saclay Plant Sciences; Orsay, France
| | - Agyemang Danquah
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Center National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Paris Sud/Université Paris Diderot/Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne; Saclay Plant Sciences; Orsay, France
- Center for Desert Agriculture; Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology; Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Axel de Zélicourt
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Center National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Paris Sud/Université Paris Diderot/Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne; Saclay Plant Sciences; Orsay, France
- Center for Desert Agriculture; Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology; Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heribert Hirt
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Center National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Paris Sud/Université Paris Diderot/Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne; Saclay Plant Sciences; Orsay, France
- Center for Desert Agriculture; Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology; Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence to: Heribert Hirt;
| | - Jean Colcombet
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Center National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Paris Sud/Université Paris Diderot/Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne; Saclay Plant Sciences; Orsay, France
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517
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Mladenov P, Finazzi G, Bligny R, Moyankova D, Zasheva D, Boisson AM, Brugière S, Krasteva V, Alipieva K, Simova S, Tchorbadjieva M, Goltsev V, Ferro M, Rolland N, Djilianov D. In vivo spectroscopy and NMR metabolite fingerprinting approaches to connect the dynamics of photosynthetic and metabolic phenotypes in resurrection plant Haberlea rhodopensis during desiccation and recovery. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:564. [PMID: 26257765 PMCID: PMC4508511 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The resurrection plant Haberlea rhodopensis was used to study dynamics of drought response of photosynthetic machinery parallel with changes in primary metabolism. A relation between leaf water content and photosynthetic performance was established, enabling us to perform a non-destructive evaluation of the plant water status during stress. Spectroscopic analysis of photosynthesis indicated that, at variance with linear electron flow (LEF) involving photosystem (PS) I and II, cyclic electron flow around PSI remains active till almost full dry state at the expense of the LEF, due to the changed protein organization of photosynthetic apparatus. We suggest that, this activity could have a photoprotective role and prevent a complete drop in adenosine triphosphate (ATP), in the absence of LEF, to fuel specific energy-dependent processes necessary for the survival of the plant, during the late states of desiccation. The NMR fingerprint shows the significant metabolic changes in several pathways. Due to the declining of LEF accompanied by biosynthetic reactions during desiccation, a reduction of the ATP pool during drought was observed, which was fully and quickly recovered after plants rehydration. We found a decline of valine accompanied by lipid degradation during stress, likely to provide alternative carbon sources for sucrose accumulation at late stages of desiccation. This accumulation, as well as the increased levels of glycerophosphodiesters during drought stress could provide osmoprotection to the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petko Mladenov
- Abiotic Stress Group, Agrobioinstitute, Agricultural AcademySofia, Bulgaria
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, CEA, CNRS, Université Grenoble AlpesINRA, Grenoble, France
| | - Richard Bligny
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, CEA, CNRS, Université Grenoble AlpesINRA, Grenoble, France
| | - Daniela Moyankova
- Abiotic Stress Group, Agrobioinstitute, Agricultural AcademySofia, Bulgaria
| | - Diana Zasheva
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of SciencesSofia, Bulgaria
| | - Anne-Marie Boisson
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, CEA, CNRS, Université Grenoble AlpesINRA, Grenoble, France
| | - Sabine Brugière
- Laboratoire de Biologie à Grande Echelle, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, CEA, Université Grenoble AlpesINSERM, Grenoble, France
| | - Vasilena Krasteva
- Department of Biophysics and Radiobiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia UniversitySofia, Bulgaria
| | - Kalina Alipieva
- Laboratory “Nuclear Magnetic Resonance", Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of SciencesSofia, Bulgaria
| | - Svetlana Simova
- Laboratory “Nuclear Magnetic Resonance", Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of SciencesSofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Vasiliy Goltsev
- Department of Biophysics and Radiobiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia UniversitySofia, Bulgaria
| | - Myriam Ferro
- Laboratoire de Biologie à Grande Echelle, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, CEA, Université Grenoble AlpesINSERM, Grenoble, France
| | - Norbert Rolland
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, CEA, CNRS, Université Grenoble AlpesINRA, Grenoble, France
- *Correspondence: Dimitar Djilianov, Abiotic Stress Group, Agrobioinstitute, Agricultural Academy, 8 Dragan Tsankov Boulevard, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria, ; Norbert Rolland, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, CEA, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, INRA, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France,
| | - Dimitar Djilianov
- Abiotic Stress Group, Agrobioinstitute, Agricultural AcademySofia, Bulgaria
- *Correspondence: Dimitar Djilianov, Abiotic Stress Group, Agrobioinstitute, Agricultural Academy, 8 Dragan Tsankov Boulevard, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria, ; Norbert Rolland, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, CEA, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, INRA, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France,
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518
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Srivastava AK, Penna S, Nguyen DV, Tran LSP. Multifaceted roles of aquaporins as molecular conduits in plant responses to abiotic stresses. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2014; 36:389-98. [PMID: 25430890 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2014.973367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abiotic stress has become a challenge to food security due to occurrences of climate change and environmental degradation. Plants initiate molecular, cellular and physiological changes to respond and adapt to various types of abiotic stress. Understanding of plant response mechanisms will aid in strategies aimed at improving stress tolerance in crop plants. One of the most common and early symptoms associated with these stresses is the disturbance in plant-water homeostasis, which is regulated by a group of proteins called "aquaporins". Aquaporins constitute a small family of proteins which are classified further on the basis of their localization, such as plasma membrane intrinsic proteins, tonoplast intrinsic proteins, nodulin26-like intrinsic proteins (initially identified in symbiosomes of legumes but also found in the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum), small basic intrinsic proteins localized in ER (endoplasmic reticulum) and X intrinsic proteins present in plasma membrane. Apart from water, aquaporins are also known to transport CO2, H2O2, urea, ammonia, silicic acid, arsenite and wide range of small uncharged solutes. Besides, aquaporins also function to modulate abiotic stress-induced signaling. Such kind of versatile functions has made aquaporins a suitable candidate for development of transgenic plants with increased tolerance toward different abiotic stress. Toward this endeavor, the present review describes the versatile functions of aquaporins in water uptake, nutrient balancing, long-distance signal transfer, nutrient/heavy metal acquisition and seed development. Various functional genomic studies showing the potential of specific aquaporin isoforms for enhancing plant abiotic stress tolerance are summarized and future research directions are given to design stress-tolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar Srivastava
- a Plant Stress Physiology and Biotechnology Section, Nuclear Agriculture & Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai , India
| | - Suprasanna Penna
- a Plant Stress Physiology and Biotechnology Section, Nuclear Agriculture & Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai , India
| | - Dong Van Nguyen
- b National Key Laboratory for Plant Cell Technology , Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Agricultural Science , Hanoi , Vietnam , and
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- c Signaling Pathway Research Unit , RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science , Yokohama , Kanagawa , Japan
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519
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Al-Abdallat AM, Al-Debei HS, Ayad JY, Hasan S. Over-expression of SlSHN1 gene improves drought tolerance by increasing cuticular wax accumulation in tomato. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:19499-515. [PMID: 25350113 PMCID: PMC4264125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151119499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing cuticular wax accumulation in plants has been associated with improving drought tolerance in plants. In this study, a cDNA clone encoding the SlSHN1 transcription factor, the closest ortholog to WIN/SHN1 gene in Arabidopsis, was isolated from tomato plant. Expression analysis of SlSHN1 indicated that it is induced in response to drought conditions. The over-expression of SlSHN1 in tomato under the control of the constitutive CaMV 35S promoter produced plants that showed mild growth retardation phenotype with shiny and dark green leaves. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the over-expression of SlSHN1 in tomato resulted in higher cuticular wax deposition on leaf epidermial tissue when compared to non-transformed plants. Expression analysis in transgenic lines over-expressing SlSHN1 indicated that several wax-related synthesis genes were induced. Transgenic tomato plants over-expressing SlSHN1 showed higher drought tolerance when compared with wild type plants; this was reflected in delayed wilting of transgenic lines, improved water status and reduced water loss rate when compared with wild type plants. In conclusion, the SlSHN1 gene can modulate wax accumulation and could be utilized to enhance drought tolerance in tomato plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayed M Al-Abdallat
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, the University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.
| | - Hmoud S Al-Debei
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, the University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.
| | - Jamal Y Ayad
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, the University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.
| | - Shireen Hasan
- Hamdi Mango Center for Scientific Research, the University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.
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520
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Holzinger A, Kaplan F, Blaas K, Zechmann B, Komsic-Buchmann K, Becker B. Transcriptomics of desiccation tolerance in the streptophyte green alga Klebsormidium reveal a land plant-like defense reaction. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110630. [PMID: 25340847 PMCID: PMC4207709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Water loss has significant effects on physiological performance and survival rates of algae. However, despite the prominent presence of aeroterrestrial algae in terrestrial habitats, hardly anything is known about the molecular events that allow aeroterrestrial algae to survive harsh environmental conditions. We analyzed the transcriptome and physiology of a strain of the alpine aeroterrestrial alga Klebsormidium crenulatum under control and strong desiccation-stress conditions. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS For comparison we first established a reference transcriptome. The high-coverage reference transcriptome includes about 24,183 sequences (1.5 million reads, 636 million bases). The reference transcriptome encodes for all major pathways (energy, carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, sugars), nearly all deduced pathways are complete or missing only a few transcripts. Upon strong desiccation, more than 7000 transcripts showed changes in their expression levels. Most of the highest up-regulated transcripts do not show similarity to known viridiplant proteins, suggesting the existence of some genus- or species-specific responses to desiccation. In addition, we observed the up-regulation of many transcripts involved in desiccation tolerance in plants (e.g. proteins similar to those that are abundant in late embryogenesis (LEA), or proteins involved in early response to desiccation ERD), and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of the raffinose family of oligosaccharides (RFO) known to act as osmolytes). Major physiological shifts are the up-regulation of transcripts for photosynthesis, energy production, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism, which is supported by elevated cellular glutathione content as revealed by immunoelectron microscopy as well as an increase in total antiradical power. However, the effective quantum yield of Photosystem II and CO2 fixation decreased sharply under the applied desiccation stress. In contrast, transcripts for cell integrative functions such as cell division, DNA replication, cofactor biosynthesis, and amino acid biosynthesis were down-regulated. SIGNIFICANCE This is the first study investigating the desiccation transcriptome of a streptophyte green alga. Our results indicate that the cellular response is similar to embryophytes, suggesting that embryophytes inherited a basic cellular desiccation tolerance from their streptophyte predecessors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Holzinger
- University of Innsbruck, Functional Plant Biology, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Franziska Kaplan
- University of Innsbruck, Functional Plant Biology, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kathrin Blaas
- University of Innsbruck, Functional Plant Biology, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernd Zechmann
- Baylor University, Center for Microscopy and Imaging, Waco, Texas, United States of America
| | | | - Burkhard Becker
- University of Cologne, Botanical Institute, Biocenter, Cologne, Germany
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