5851
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Genomic-polygenic and polygenic predictions for nine ultrasound and carcass traits in Angus-Brahman multibreed cattle using three sets of genotypes. Livest Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2017.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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5852
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Ibanez L, Dube U, Budde J, Black K, Medvedeva A, Davis AA, Perlmutter JS, Benitez BA, Cruchaga C. TMEM230 in Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 56:212.e1-212.e3. [PMID: 28457580 PMCID: PMC5526081 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A study on familial Parkinson disease (PD) described 4 variants in the gene TMEM230 (Chr. 20p13) as the cause of PD. The aim of this study was to test if variants in the TMEM230 gene are associated with PD in 2 independent American European data sets. No variants in the TMEM230 region were found associated with PD, age at onset, or cerebrospinal fluid α-synuclein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ibanez
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Umber Dube
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - John Budde
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kathleen Black
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexandra Medvedeva
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Albert A Davis
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joel S Perlmutter
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bruno A Benitez
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Hope Center Program on Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
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5853
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Le Guennec K, Quenez O, Nicolas G, Wallon D, Rousseau S, Richard AC, Alexander J, Paschou P, Charbonnier C, Bellenguez C, Grenier-Boley B, Lechner D, Bihoreau MT, Olaso R, Boland A, Meyer V, Deleuze JF, Amouyel P, Munter HM, Bourque G, Lathrop M, Frebourg T, Redon R, Letenneur L, Dartigues JF, Martinaud O, Kalev O, Mehrabian S, Traykov L, Ströbel T, Le Ber I, Caroppo P, Epelbaum S, Jonveaux T, Pasquier F, Rollin-Sillaire A, Génin E, Guyant-Maréchal L, Kovacs GG, Lambert JC, Hannequin D, Campion D, Rovelet-Lecrux A, Rovelet-Lecrux A. 17q21.31 duplication causes prominent tau-related dementia with increased MAPT expression. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:1119-1125. [PMID: 27956742 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
To assess the role of rare copy number variations in Alzheimer's disease (AD), we conducted a case-control study using whole-exome sequencing data from 522 early-onset cases and 584 controls. The most recurrent rearrangement was a 17q21.31 microduplication, overlapping the CRHR1, MAPT, STH and KANSL1 genes that was found in four cases, including one de novo rearrangement, and was absent in controls. The increased MAPT gene dosage led to a 1.6-1.9-fold expression of the MAPT messenger RNA. Clinical signs, neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid biomarker profiles were consistent with an AD diagnosis in MAPT duplication carriers. However, amyloid positon emission tomography (PET) imaging, performed in three patients, was negative. Analysis of an additional case with neuropathological examination confirmed that the MAPT duplication causes a complex tauopathy, including prominent neurofibrillary tangle pathology in the medial temporal lobe without amyloid-β deposits. 17q21.31 duplication is the genetic basis of a novel entity marked by prominent tauopathy, leading to early-onset dementia with an AD clinical phenotype. This entity could account for a proportion of probable AD cases with negative amyloid PET imaging recently identified in large clinical series.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Le Guennec
- Inserm, U1079, faculté de médecine, Rouen University, IRIB, Normandy University, Rouen, France.,Normandy Centre for Genomic Medicine and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - O Quenez
- Inserm, U1079, faculté de médecine, Rouen University, IRIB, Normandy University, Rouen, France.,Normandy Centre for Genomic Medicine and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France.,CNR-MAJ, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - G Nicolas
- Inserm, U1079, faculté de médecine, Rouen University, IRIB, Normandy University, Rouen, France.,Normandy Centre for Genomic Medicine and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France.,CNR-MAJ, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.,Department of Genetics, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - D Wallon
- Inserm, U1079, faculté de médecine, Rouen University, IRIB, Normandy University, Rouen, France.,Normandy Centre for Genomic Medicine and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France.,CNR-MAJ, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.,Department of Neurology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - S Rousseau
- Inserm, U1079, faculté de médecine, Rouen University, IRIB, Normandy University, Rouen, France.,Normandy Centre for Genomic Medicine and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France.,CNR-MAJ, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - A-C Richard
- Inserm, U1079, faculté de médecine, Rouen University, IRIB, Normandy University, Rouen, France.,Normandy Centre for Genomic Medicine and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France.,CNR-MAJ, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - J Alexander
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupoli, Greece
| | - P Paschou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupoli, Greece
| | - C Charbonnier
- Inserm, U1079, faculté de médecine, Rouen University, IRIB, Normandy University, Rouen, France.,Normandy Centre for Genomic Medicine and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France.,CNR-MAJ, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - C Bellenguez
- Inserm, U1167, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.,Université Lille-Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - B Grenier-Boley
- Inserm, U1167, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.,Université Lille-Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - D Lechner
- Centre National de Génotypage, Institut de Génomique, CEA, Evry, France
| | - M-T Bihoreau
- Centre National de Génotypage, Institut de Génomique, CEA, Evry, France
| | - R Olaso
- Centre National de Génotypage, Institut de Génomique, CEA, Evry, France
| | - A Boland
- Centre National de Génotypage, Institut de Génomique, CEA, Evry, France
| | - V Meyer
- Centre National de Génotypage, Institut de Génomique, CEA, Evry, France
| | - J-F Deleuze
- Centre National de Génotypage, Institut de Génomique, CEA, Evry, France.,Fondation Jean Dausset, Centre d'études du Polymorphisme Humain, Paris, France
| | - P Amouyel
- Inserm, U1167, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.,Université Lille-Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - H M Munter
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - G Bourque
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - M Lathrop
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - T Frebourg
- Inserm, U1079, faculté de médecine, Rouen University, IRIB, Normandy University, Rouen, France.,Normandy Centre for Genomic Medicine and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France.,Department of Genetics, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - R Redon
- Inserm, UMR 1087, l'institut du thorax, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,CNRS, UMR 6291, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - L Letenneur
- INSERM, U1219, Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - J-F Dartigues
- INSERM, U1219, Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - O Martinaud
- CNR-MAJ, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.,Department of Neurology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - O Kalev
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - S Mehrabian
- Department of Neurology, Alexandrovska University Hospital, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - L Traykov
- Department of Neurology, Alexandrovska University Hospital, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - T Ströbel
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - I Le Ber
- Sorbonne Universités, Inserm, CNRS, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Paris, France.,CNR-MAJ, IMMA, département des maladies du système nerveux, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - P Caroppo
- Sorbonne Universités, Inserm, CNRS, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Paris, France.,CNR-MAJ, IMMA, département des maladies du système nerveux, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - S Epelbaum
- Sorbonne Universités, Inserm, CNRS, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Paris, France.,CNR-MAJ, IMMA, département des maladies du système nerveux, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - T Jonveaux
- Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche de Lorraine, CHRU Nancy Service de Gériatrie, Hôpital de Brabois, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France.,Laboratoire INTERPSY, EA 4432, Groupe de recherche sur les Communications (GRC), Université de Lorraine, Psychologie, Nancy, France
| | - F Pasquier
- CNR-MAJ Inserm U1171, Univ Lille, CHU, Lille, France
| | | | - E Génin
- Inserm, UMR1078, CHU Brest, Université Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| | - L Guyant-Maréchal
- Department of Neurology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.,Department of Neurophysiology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - G G Kovacs
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - J-C Lambert
- Inserm, U1167, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.,Université Lille-Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - D Hannequin
- Inserm, U1079, faculté de médecine, Rouen University, IRIB, Normandy University, Rouen, France.,Normandy Centre for Genomic Medicine and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France.,CNR-MAJ, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.,Department of Genetics, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.,Department of Neurology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - D Campion
- Inserm, U1079, faculté de médecine, Rouen University, IRIB, Normandy University, Rouen, France.,Normandy Centre for Genomic Medicine and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France.,CNR-MAJ, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.,Department of Research, Rouvray Psychiatric Hospital, Sotteville-lès-Rouen, France
| | - A Rovelet-Lecrux
- Inserm, U1079, faculté de médecine, Rouen University, IRIB, Normandy University, Rouen, France.,Normandy Centre for Genomic Medicine and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France.,CNR-MAJ, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
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5854
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Van 't Ent D, den Braber A, Baselmans BML, Brouwer RM, Dolan CV, Hulshoff Pol HE, de Geus EJC, Bartels M. Associations between subjective well-being and subcortical brain volumes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6957. [PMID: 28761095 PMCID: PMC5537231 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07120-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the underpinnings of individual differences in subjective well-being (SWB), we tested for associations of SWB with subcortical brain volumes in a dataset of 724 twins and siblings. For significant SWB-brain associations we probed for causal pathways using Mendelian Randomization (MR) and estimated genetic and environmental contributions from twin modeling. Another independent measure of genetic correlation was obtained from linkage disequilibrium (LD) score regression on published genome-wide association summary statistics. Our results indicated associations of SWB with hippocampal volumes but not with volumes of the basal ganglia, thalamus, amygdala, or nucleus accumbens. The SWB-hippocampus relations were nonlinear and characterized by lower SWB in subjects with relatively smaller hippocampal volumes compared to subjects with medium and higher hippocampal volumes. MR provided no evidence for an SWB to hippocampal volume or hippocampal volume to SWB pathway. This was in line with twin modeling and LD-score regression results which indicated non-significant genetic correlations. We conclude that low SWB is associated with smaller hippocampal volume, but that genes are not very important in this relationship. Instead other etiological factors, such as exposure to stress and stress hormones, may exert detrimental effects on SWB and the hippocampus to bring about the observed association.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Van 't Ent
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - A den Braber
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B M L Baselmans
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R M Brouwer
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C V Dolan
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H E Hulshoff Pol
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E J C de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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5855
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Martiniano R, Cassidy LM, Ó'Maoldúin R, McLaughlin R, Silva NM, Manco L, Fidalgo D, Pereira T, Coelho MJ, Serra M, Burger J, Parreira R, Moran E, Valera AC, Porfirio E, Boaventura R, Silva AM, Bradley DG. The population genomics of archaeological transition in west Iberia: Investigation of ancient substructure using imputation and haplotype-based methods. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006852. [PMID: 28749934 PMCID: PMC5531429 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyse new genomic data (0.05–2.95x) from 14 ancient individuals from Portugal distributed from the Middle Neolithic (4200–3500 BC) to the Middle Bronze Age (1740–1430 BC) and impute genomewide diploid genotypes in these together with published ancient Eurasians. While discontinuity is evident in the transition to agriculture across the region, sensitive haplotype-based analyses suggest a significant degree of local hunter-gatherer contribution to later Iberian Neolithic populations. A more subtle genetic influx is also apparent in the Bronze Age, detectable from analyses including haplotype sharing with both ancient and modern genomes, D-statistics and Y-chromosome lineages. However, the limited nature of this introgression contrasts with the major Steppe migration turnovers within third Millennium northern Europe and echoes the survival of non-Indo-European language in Iberia. Changes in genomic estimates of individual height across Europe are also associated with these major cultural transitions, and ancestral components continue to correlate with modern differences in stature. Recent ancient DNA work has demonstrated the significant genetic impact of mass migrations from the Steppe into Central and Northern Europe during the transition from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age. In Iberia, archaeological change at the level of material culture and funerary rituals has been reported during this period, however, the genetic impact associated with this cultural transformation has not yet been estimated. In order to investigate this, we sequence Neolithic and Bronze Age samples from Portugal, which we compare to other ancient and present-day individuals. Genome-wide imputation of a large dataset of ancient samples enabled sensitive methods for detecting population structure and selection in ancient samples. We revealed subtle genetic differentiation between the Portuguese Neolithic and Bronze Age samples suggesting a markedly reduced influx in Iberia compared to other European regions. Furthermore, we predict individual height in ancients, suggesting that stature was reduced in the Neolithic and affected by subsequent admixtures. Lastly, we examine signatures of strong selection in important traits and the timing of their origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Martiniano
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- * E-mail: (DGB); (RM)
| | - Lara M. Cassidy
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ros Ó'Maoldúin
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- The Irish Fieldschool of Prehistoric Archaeology, Department of Archaeology, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Russell McLaughlin
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nuno M. Silva
- Department of Genetics & Evolution - Anthropology Unit, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Licinio Manco
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniel Fidalgo
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tania Pereira
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria J. Coelho
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Serra
- Palimpsesto - Estudo e Preservação do Património Cultural Lda., Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joachim Burger
- Palaeogenetics Group, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Rui Parreira
- Workgroup on Ancient Peasant Societies, University of Lisbon Archaeological Center, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Elena Moran
- Workgroup on Ancient Peasant Societies, University of Lisbon Archaeological Center, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Antonio C. Valera
- Nucleo de Investigação Arqueologica - ERA Arqueologia, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behavior – University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Porfirio
- Palimpsesto - Estudo e Preservação do Património Cultural Lda., Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui Boaventura
- Workgroup on Ancient Peasant Societies, University of Lisbon Archaeological Center, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana M. Silva
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Workgroup on Ancient Peasant Societies, University of Lisbon Archaeological Center, Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniel G. Bradley
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail: (DGB); (RM)
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5856
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A computational integrative approach based on alternative splicing analysis to compare immortalized and primary cancer cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 91:116-123. [PMID: 28757458 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Immortalized cell lines are widely used to study the effectiveness and toxicity of anti cancer drugs as well as to assess the phenotypic characteristics of cancer cells, such as proliferation and migration ability. Unfortunately, cell lines often show extremely different properties than tumor tissues. Also the primary cells, that are deprived of the in vivo environment, might adapt to artificial conditions, and differ from the tissue they should represent. Despite these considerations, cell lines are still one of the most used cancer models due to their availability and capability to expand without limitation, but the clinical relevance of their use is still a big issue in cancer research. Many studies tried to overcome this task, comparing cell lines and tumor samples through the definition of the genomic and transcriptomic differences. To this aim, most of them used nucleotide variation or gene expression data. Here we introduce a different strategy based on alternative splicing detection and integration of DNA and RNA sequencing data, to explore the differences between immortalized and tissue-derived cells at isoforms level. Furthermore, in order to better investigate the heterogeneity of both cell populations, we took advantage of a public available dataset obtained with a new simultaneous omics single cell sequencing methodology. The proposed pipeline allowed us to identify, through a computational and prediction approach, putative mutated and alternative spliced transcripts responsible for the dissimilarity between immortalized and primary hepato carcinoma cells.
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5857
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Lanktree MB, Thériault S, Walsh M, Paré G. HDL Cholesterol, LDL Cholesterol, and Triglycerides as Risk Factors for CKD: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Am J Kidney Dis 2017; 71:166-172. [PMID: 28754456 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations are heritable risk factors for vascular disease, but their role in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is unclear. STUDY DESIGN 2-sample Mendelian randomization analysis of data derived from the largest published lipid and CKD studies. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS Effect of independent genetic variants significantly associated with lipid concentrations was obtained from the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium (n=188,577), and the effect of these same variants on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), CKD (defined as eGFR<60mL/min/1.73m2), and albuminuria was obtained from the CKD Genetics Consortium (n=133,814). FACTOR Using conventional, multivariable, and Egger Mendelian randomization approaches, we assessed the causal association between genetically determined lipid concentrations and kidney traits. OUTCOME eGFR, dichotomous eGFR<60mL/min/1.73m2, and albuminuria. RESULTS In multivariable analysis, a 17-mg/dL higher HDL cholesterol concentration was associated with an 0.8% higher eGFR (95% CI, 0.4%-1.3%; P=0.004) and lower risk for eGFR<60mL/min/1.73m2 (OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.77-0.93; P<0.001), while Egger analysis showed no evidence of pleiotropy. There was no evidence for a causal relationship between LDL cholesterol concentration and any kidney disease measure. Genetically higher triglyceride concentrations appeared associated with higher eGFRs, but this finding was driven by a single pleiotropic variant in the glucokinase regulator gene (GCKR). After exclusion, genetically higher triglyceride concentration was not associated with any kidney trait. LIMITATIONS Individual patient-level phenotype and genotype information were unavailable. CONCLUSIONS 2-sample Mendelian randomization analysis of data from the largest lipid and CKD cohorts supports genetically higher HDL cholesterol concentration as causally associated with better kidney function. There was no association between genetically altered LDL cholesterol or triglyceride concentration and kidney function. Further analysis of CKD outcomes in HDL cholesterol intervention trials is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Lanktree
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Sébastien Thériault
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Walsh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guillaume Paré
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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5858
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Staiger EA, Almén MS, Promerová M, Brooks S, Cothran EG, Imsland F, Jäderkvist Fegraeus K, Lindgren G, Mehrabani Yeganeh H, Mikko S, Vega-Pla JL, Tozaki T, Rubin CJ, Andersson L. The evolutionary history of theDMRT3‘Gait keeper’ haplotype. Anim Genet 2017; 48:551-559. [DOI: 10.1111/age.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E. A. Staiger
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology; Uppsala University; SE-75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - M. S. Almén
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology; Uppsala University; SE-75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - M. Promerová
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology; Uppsala University; SE-75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - S. Brooks
- Department of Animal Science; University of Florida; Gainesville FL 32611-0910 USA
| | - E. G. Cothran
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station TX 77843-4458 USA
| | - F. Imsland
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology; Uppsala University; SE-75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - K. Jäderkvist Fegraeus
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; SE-75007 Uppsala Sweden
| | - G. Lindgren
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; SE-75007 Uppsala Sweden
| | | | - S. Mikko
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; SE-75007 Uppsala Sweden
| | - J. L. Vega-Pla
- Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada; Cría Caballar de las Fuerzas Armadas; 14080 Cordoba Spain
| | - T. Tozaki
- Genetic Analysis Department; Laboratory of Racing Chemistry; Tochigi 320-0851 Utsunomiya Japan
| | - C. J. Rubin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology; Uppsala University; SE-75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - L. Andersson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology; Uppsala University; SE-75123 Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station TX 77843-4458 USA
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; SE-75007 Uppsala Sweden
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5859
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Li X, Yang S, Dong K, Tang Z, Li K, Fan B, Wang Z, Liu B. Identification of positive selection signatures in pigs by comparing linkage disequilibrium variances. Anim Genet 2017; 48:600-605. [DOI: 10.1111/age.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X. Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Pig Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan Hubei 430070 China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production; Wuhan Hubei 430070 China
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB T6G 2P5 Canada
| | - S. Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Zhejiang A&F University; Lin'an Zhejiang 311300 China
| | - K. Dong
- The Key Laboratory for Domestic Animal Genetic Resources and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture of China; Institute of Animal Science; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Z. Tang
- The Key Laboratory for Domestic Animal Genetic Resources and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture of China; Institute of Animal Science; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing 100193 China
| | - K. Li
- The Key Laboratory for Domestic Animal Genetic Resources and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture of China; Institute of Animal Science; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing 100193 China
| | - B. Fan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Pig Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan Hubei 430070 China
| | - Z. Wang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB T6G 2P5 Canada
| | - B. Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Pig Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan Hubei 430070 China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production; Wuhan Hubei 430070 China
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5860
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Lee SH, Weerasinghe WMSP, van der Werf JHJ. Genotype-environment interaction on human cognitive function conditioned on the status of breastfeeding and maternal smoking around birth. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6087. [PMID: 28729621 PMCID: PMC5519601 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06214-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We estimated genotype by environment interaction (G × E) on later cognitive performance and educational attainment across four unique environments, i.e. 1) breastfed without maternal smoking, 2) breastfed with maternal smoking, 3) non-breastfed without maternal smoking and 4) non-breastfed with maternal smoking, using a novel design and statistical approach that was facilitated by the availability of datasets with the genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). There was significant G × E for both fluid intelligence (p-value = 1.0E-03) and educational attainment (p-value = 8.3E-05) when comparing genetic effects in the group of individuals who were breastfed without maternal smoking with those not breastfed without maternal smoking. There was also significant G × E for fluid intelligence (p-value = 3.9E-05) when comparing the group of individuals who were breastfed with maternal smoking with those not breastfed without maternal smoking. Genome-wide significant SNPs were different between different environmental groups. Genomic prediction accuracies were significantly higher when using the target and discovery sample from the same environmental group than when using those from the different environmental groups. This finding demonstrates G × E has important implications for future studies on the genetic architecture, genome-wide association studies and genomic predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hong Lee
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia.
| | - W M Shalanee P Weerasinghe
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia
| | - Julius H J van der Werf
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia
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5861
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Ćalić I, Koch J, Carey D, Addo-Quaye C, Carlson JE, Neale DB. Genome-wide association study identifies a major gene for beech bark disease resistance in American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.). BMC Genomics 2017; 18:547. [PMID: 28728575 PMCID: PMC5520234 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3931-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American Beech tree (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.), native to eastern North America, is ecologically important and provides high quality wood products. This species is susceptible to beech bark disease (BBD) and is facing high rates of mortality in North America. The disease occurs from an interaction between the woolly beech scale insect (Cryptococcus fagisuga), one of two species of the fungus Neonectria (N. faginata or N. ditissima), and American Beech trees. METHODS In this case-control genome-wide association study (GWAS), we tested 16 K high quality SNPs using the Affymetrix Axiom 1.5 K - 50 K assay to genotype an association population of 514 individuals. We also conducted linkage analysis in a full-sib family of 115 individuals. Fisher's exact test and logistic regression tests were performed to test associations between SNPs and phenotypes. RESULTS Association tests revealed four highly significant SNPs on chromosome (Chr) 5 for a single gene (Mt), which encodes a mRNA for metallothionein-like protein (metal ion binding) in Fagus sylvatica. Metallothioneins represent Cys-rich metal chelators able to coordinate metal atoms and may play an important role in the resistance mechanisms against beech scale insect. CONCLUSION The GWAS study has identified a single locus of major effect contributing to beech bark disease resistance. Knowledge of this genetic locus contributing to resistance might be used in applied breeding, conservation and restoration programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Ćalić
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Jennifer Koch
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Delaware, OH 43015 USA
| | - David Carey
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Delaware, OH 43015 USA
| | - Charles Addo-Quaye
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907 USA
- Present address: Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Lewis-Clark State College, 500 8th Avenue, Lewiston, ID 83501 USA
| | - John E. Carlson
- Schatz Center for Tree Molecular Genetics, Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - David B. Neale
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
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5862
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Ugalde-Morales E, Li J, Humphreys K, Ludvigsson JF, Yang H, Hall P, Czene K. Common shared genetic variation behind decreased risk of breast cancer in celiac disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5942. [PMID: 28725034 PMCID: PMC5517429 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06287-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is epidemiologic evidence showing that women with celiac disease have reduced risk of later developing breast cancer, however, the etiology of this association is unclear. Here, we assess the extent of genetic overlap between the two diseases. Through analyses of summary statistics on densely genotyped immunogenic regions, we show a significant genetic correlation (r = −0.17, s.e. 0.05, P < 0.001) and overlap (Ppermuted < 0.001) between celiac disease and breast cancer. Using individual-level genotype data from a Swedish cohort, we find higher genetic susceptibility to celiac disease summarized by polygenic risk scores to be associated with lower breast cancer risk (ORper-SD, 0.94, 95% CI 0.91 to 0.98). Common single nucleotide polymorphisms between the two diseases, with low P-values (PCD < 1.00E-05, PBC ≤ 0.05), mapped onto genes enriched for immunoregulatory and apoptotic processes. Our results suggest that the link between breast cancer and celiac disease is due to a shared polygenic variation of immune related regions, uncovering pathways which might be important for their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Ugalde-Morales
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jingmei Li
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Keith Humphreys
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas F Ludvigsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Pediatrics, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Haomin Yang
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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5863
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Dewey FE, Murray MF, Overton JD, Habegger L, Leader JB, Fetterolf SN, O'Dushlaine C, Van Hout CV, Staples J, Gonzaga-Jauregui C, Metpally R, Pendergrass SA, Giovanni MA, Kirchner HL, Balasubramanian S, Abul-Husn NS, Hartzel DN, Lavage DR, Kost KA, Packer JS, Lopez AE, Penn J, Mukherjee S, Gosalia N, Kanagaraj M, Li AH, Mitnaul LJ, Adams LJ, Person TN, Praveen K, Marcketta A, Lebo MS, Austin-Tse CA, Mason-Suares HM, Bruse S, Mellis S, Phillips R, Stahl N, Murphy A, Economides A, Skelding KA, Still CD, Elmore JR, Borecki IB, Yancopoulos GD, Davis FD, Faucett WA, Gottesman O, Ritchie MD, Shuldiner AR, Reid JG, Ledbetter DH, Baras A, Carey DJ. Distribution and clinical impact of functional variants in 50,726 whole-exome sequences from the DiscovEHR study. Science 2017; 354:354/6319/aaf6814. [PMID: 28008009 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf6814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The DiscovEHR collaboration between the Regeneron Genetics Center and Geisinger Health System couples high-throughput sequencing to an integrated health care system using longitudinal electronic health records (EHRs). We sequenced the exomes of 50,726 adult participants in the DiscovEHR study to identify ~4.2 million rare single-nucleotide variants and insertion/deletion events, of which ~176,000 are predicted to result in a loss of gene function. Linking these data to EHR-derived clinical phenotypes, we find clinical associations supporting therapeutic targets, including genes encoding drug targets for lipid lowering, and identify previously unidentified rare alleles associated with lipid levels and other blood level traits. About 3.5% of individuals harbor deleterious variants in 76 clinically actionable genes. The DiscovEHR data set provides a blueprint for large-scale precision medicine initiatives and genomics-guided therapeutic discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Korey A Kost
- Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA 17822, USA
| | | | | | - John Penn
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Matthew S Lebo
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | | | - Scott Mellis
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | - Neil Stahl
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Aris Baras
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
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5864
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Zhang C, de Smith AJ, Smirnov IV, Wiencke JK, Wiemels JL, Witte JS, Walsh KM. Non-additive and epistatic effects of HLA polymorphisms contributing to risk of adult glioma. J Neurooncol 2017; 135:237-244. [PMID: 28721485 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2569-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Although genome-wide association studies have identified several susceptibility loci for adult glioma, little is known regarding the potential contribution of genetic variation in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region to glioma risk. HLA associations have been reported for various malignancies, with many studies investigating selected candidate HLA polymorphisms. However, no systematic analysis has been conducted in glioma patients, and no investigation into potential non-additive effects has been described. We conducted comprehensive genetic analyses of HLA variants among 1746 adult glioma patients and 2312 controls of European-ancestry from the GliomaScan Consortium. Genotype data were generated with the Illumina 660-Quad array, and we imputed HLA alleles using a reference panel of 5225 individuals in the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium who underwent high-resolution HLA typing via next-generation sequencing. Case-control comparisons were adjusted for population stratification using ancestry-informative principal components. Because alleles in different loci across the HLA region are linked, we created multigene haplotypes consisting of the genes DRB1, DQA1, and DQB1. Although none of the haplotypes were associated with glioma in additive models, inclusion of a dominance term significantly improved the model for multigene haplotype HLA-DRB1*1501-DQA1*0102-DQB1*0602 (P = 0.002). Heterozygous carriers of the haplotype had an increased risk of glioma [odds ratio (OR) 1.23; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.49], while homozygous carriers were at decreased risk compared with non-carriers (OR 0.64; 95% CI 0.40-1.01). Our results suggest that the DRB1*1501-DQA1*0102-DQB1*0602 haplotype may contribute to the risk of glioma in a non-additive manner, with the positive dominance effect partly explained by an epistatic interaction with HLA-DRB1*0401-DQA1*0301-DQB1*0301.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenan Zhang
- Division of Neuroepidemiology, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
| | - Adam J de Smith
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Ivan V Smirnov
- Division of Neuroepidemiology, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - John K Wiencke
- Division of Neuroepidemiology, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Joseph L Wiemels
- Division of Neuroepidemiology, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - John S Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Kyle M Walsh
- Division of Neuroepidemiology, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.,Division of Neuro-epidemiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
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5865
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Peterson RE, Edwards AC, Bacanu SA, Dick DM, Kendler KS, Webb BT. The utility of empirically assigning ancestry groups in cross-population genetic studies of addiction. Am J Addict 2017; 26:494-501. [PMID: 28714599 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Given moderate heritability and significant heterogeneity among addiction phenotypes, successful genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are expected to need very large samples. As sample sizes grow, so can genetic diversity leading to challenges in analyzing these data. Methods for empirically assigning individuals to genetically informed ancestry groups are needed. METHODS We describe a strategy for empirically assigning ancestry groups in ethnically diverse GWAS data including extensions of principal component analysis (PCA) and population matching through minimum Mahalanobis distance. We apply these methods to data from Spit for Science (S4S): the University Student Survey, a study following college students longitudinally that includes genetic and environmental data on substance use and mental health (n = 7,603). RESULTS The genetic-based population assignments for S4S were 48.7% European, 22.5% African, 10.4% Americas, 9.2% East Asian, and 9.2% South Asian descent. Self-reported census categories "More than one race" and "Unknown"as well as "Hawaiian/Pacific Islander" and "American-Indian/Native Alaskan" were empirically assigned representing a +9% sample retention over conventional methods. Although there was high concordance between self-reported race and empirical population-match (+.924), there was reduction in variance for most ancestry PCs for genetic-based population assignments. CONCLUSIONS We were able to create more genetically homogenous groups and reduce sample and marker loss through cross-ancestry meta-analysis, potentially increasing power to detect etiologically relevant variation. Our approach provides a framework for empirically assigning genetic ancestry groups which can be applied to other ethnically diverse genetic studies. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE Given the important public health impact and demonstrable gains in statistical power from studying diverse populations, empirically sound practices for genetic studies are needed. (Am J Addict 2017;26:494-501).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roseann E Peterson
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Alexis C Edwards
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Silviu-Alin Bacanu
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Departments of Psychology, African American Studies, and Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Bradley T Webb
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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5866
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Abstract
Although situated ∼400 km from the east coast of Africa, Madagascar exhibits cultural, linguistic, and genetic traits from both Southeast Asia and Eastern Africa. The settlement history remains contentious; we therefore used a grid-based approach to sample at high resolution the genomic diversity (including maternal lineages, paternal lineages, and genome-wide data) across 257 villages and 2,704 Malagasy individuals. We find a common Bantu and Austronesian descent for all Malagasy individuals with a limited paternal contribution from Europe and the Middle East. Admixture and demographic growth happened recently, suggesting a rapid settlement of Madagascar during the last millennium. However, the distribution of African and Asian ancestry across the island reveals that the admixture was sex biased and happened heterogeneously across Madagascar, suggesting independent colonization of Madagascar from Africa and Asia rather than settlement by an already admixed population. In addition, there are geographic influences on the present genomic diversity, independent of the admixture, showing that a few centuries is sufficient to produce detectable genetic structure in human populations.
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5867
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Treutlein J, Frank J, Streit F, Reinbold CS, Juraeva D, Degenhardt F, Rietschel L, Witt SH, Forstner AJ, Ridinger M, Strohmaier J, Wodarz N, Dukal H, Foo JC, Hoffmann P, Herms S, Heilmann-Heimbach S, Soyka M, Maier W, Gaebel W, Dahmen N, Scherbaum N, Müller-Myhsok B, Lucae S, Ising M, Stickel F, Berg T, Roggenbuck U, Jöckel KH, Scholz H, Zimmermann US, Buch S, Sommer WH, Spanagel R, Brors B, Cichon S, Mann K, Kiefer F, Hampe J, Rosendahl J, Nöthen MM, Rietschel M. Genetic Contribution to Alcohol Dependence: Investigation of a Heterogeneous German Sample of Individuals with Alcohol Dependence, Chronic Alcoholic Pancreatitis, and Alcohol-Related Cirrhosis. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:E183. [PMID: 28714907 PMCID: PMC5541316 DOI: 10.3390/genes8070183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the genetic contribution to alcohol dependence (AD) using genome-wide association data from three German samples. These comprised patients with: (i) AD; (ii) chronic alcoholic pancreatitis (ACP); and (iii) alcohol-related liver cirrhosis (ALC). Single marker, gene-based, and pathway analyses were conducted. A significant association was detected for the ADH1B locus in a gene-based approach (puncorrected = 1.2 × 10-6; pcorrected = 0.020). This was driven by the AD subsample. No association with ADH1B was found in the combined ACP + ALC sample. On first inspection, this seems surprising, since ADH1B is a robustly replicated risk gene for AD and may therefore be expected to be associated also with subgroups of AD patients. The negative finding in the ACP + ALC sample, however, may reflect genetic stratification as well as random fluctuation of allele frequencies in the cases and controls, demonstrating the importance of large samples in which the phenotype is well assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Treutlein
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Josef Frank
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Fabian Streit
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Céline S Reinbold
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Dilafruz Juraeva
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics (G200), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Franziska Degenhardt
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Liz Rietschel
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, 3000 Bern 60, Switzerland.
| | - Stephanie H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Andreas J Forstner
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry (U.P.K.), University of Basel, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Monika Ridinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
- Psychiatric Health Care Aargau, 5210 Windisch, Switzerland.
| | - Jana Strohmaier
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Norbert Wodarz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Helene Dukal
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Jerome C Foo
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Stefan Herms
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Michael Soyka
- Private Hospital Meiringen, 3860 Meiringen, Switzerland.
- Psychiatric Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, 80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Gaebel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Düsseldorf, 40629 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Norbert Dahmen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Norbert Scherbaum
- LVR-Hospital Essen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
| | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany.
| | - Susanne Lucae
- Department of Psychiatric Pharmacogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany.
| | - Marcus Ising
- Department of Molecular Psychology, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany.
| | - Felix Stickel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Hirslanden Private Hospital, 8032 Hirslanden Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas Berg
- Section of Hepatology, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Ulla Roggenbuck
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany.
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany.
| | - Henrike Scholz
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Ulrich S Zimmermann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden Technical University, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Stephan Buch
- Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang H Sommer
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Rainer Spanagel
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Benedikt Brors
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics (G200), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Sven Cichon
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Karl Mann
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Jochen Hampe
- Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Jonas Rosendahl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University Halle, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
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5868
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Saag L, Varul L, Scheib CL, Stenderup J, Allentoft ME, Saag L, Pagani L, Reidla M, Tambets K, Metspalu E, Kriiska A, Willerslev E, Kivisild T, Metspalu M. Extensive Farming in Estonia Started through a Sex-Biased Migration from the Steppe. Curr Biol 2017; 27:2185-2193.e6. [PMID: 28712569 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The transition from hunting and gathering to farming in Europe was brought upon by arrival of new people carrying novel material culture and genetic ancestry. The exact nature and scale of the transition-both material and genetic-varied in different parts of Europe [1-7]. Farming-based economies appear relatively late in Northeast Europe, and the extent to which they involve change in genetic ancestry is not fully understood due to the lack of relevant ancient DNA data. Here we present the results from new low-coverage whole-genome shotgun sequence data from five hunter-gatherers and five first farmers of Estonia whose remains date to 4,500 to 6,300 years before present. We find evidence of significant differences between the two groups in the composition of autosomal as well as mtDNA, X chromosome, and Y chromosome ancestries. We find that Estonian hunter-gatherers of Comb Ceramic culture are closest to Eastern hunter-gatherers, which is in contrast to earlier hunter-gatherers from the Baltics, who are close to Western hunter-gatherers [8, 9]. The Estonian first farmers of Corded Ware culture show high similarity in their autosomes with European hunter-gatherers, Steppe Eneolithic and Bronze Age populations, and European Late Neolithic/Bronze Age populations, while their X chromosomes are in addition equally closely related to European and Anatolian and Levantine early farmers. These findings suggest that the shift to intensive cultivation and animal husbandry in Estonia was triggered by the arrival of new people with predominantly Steppe ancestry but whose ancestors had undergone sex-specific admixture with early farmers with Anatolian ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lehti Saag
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia; Estonian Biocentre, Tartu 51010, Estonia.
| | - Liivi Varul
- School of Humanities, Tallinn University, Tallinn 10120, Estonia
| | - Christiana Lyn Scheib
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3QG, UK
| | - Jesper Stenderup
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1350, Denmark
| | - Morten E Allentoft
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1350, Denmark
| | - Lauri Saag
- Estonian Biocentre, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | | | - Maere Reidla
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia; Estonian Biocentre, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | | | - Ene Metspalu
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia; Estonian Biocentre, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Aivar Kriiska
- Department of Archaeology, Institute of History and Archaeology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Eske Willerslev
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1350, Denmark
| | - Toomas Kivisild
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia; Estonian Biocentre, Tartu 51010, Estonia; Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3QG, UK
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5869
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Contribution to Alzheimer's disease risk of rare variants in TREM2, SORL1, and ABCA7 in 1779 cases and 1273 controls. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 59:220.e1-220.e9. [PMID: 28789839 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We performed whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing in 927 late-onset Alzheimer disease (LOAD) cases, 852 early-onset AD (EOAD) cases, and 1273 controls from France. We assessed the evidence for gene-based association of rare variants with AD in 6 genes for which an association with such variants was previously claimed. When aggregating protein-truncating and missense-predicted damaging variants, we found exome-wide significant association between EOAD risk and rare variants in SORL1, TREM2, and ABCA7. No exome-wide significant signal was obtained in the LOAD sample, and significance of the order of 10-6 was observed in the whole AD group for TREM2. Our study confirms previous gene-level results for TREM2, SORL1, and ABCA7 and provides a clearer insight into the classes of rare variants involved. Despite different effect sizes and varying cumulative minor allele frequencies, the rare protein-truncating and missense-predicted damaging variants in TREM2, SORL1, and ABCA7 contribute similarly to the heritability of EOAD and explain between 1.1% and 1.5% of EOAD heritability each, compared with 9.12% for APOE ε4.
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5870
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Findings of a 1303 Korean whole-exome sequencing study. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e356. [PMID: 28706299 PMCID: PMC5565953 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethnically specific data on genetic variation are crucial for understanding human biology and for clinical interpretation of variant pathogenicity. We analyzed data obtained by deep sequencing 1303 Korean whole exomes; the data were generated by three independent whole exome sequencing projects (named the KOEX study). The primary focus of this study was to comprehensively analyze the variant statistics, investigate secondary findings that may have clinical actionability, and identify loci that should be cautiously interpreted for pathogenicity. A total of 495 729 unique variants were identified at exonic regions, including 169 380 nonsynonymous variants and 4356 frameshift insertion/deletions. Among these, 76 607 were novel coding variants. On average, each individual had 7136 nonsynonymous single-nucleotide variants and 74 frameshift insertion/deletions. We classified 13 pathogenic and 13 likely pathogenic variants in 56 genes that may have clinical actionability according to the guidelines of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, and the Association for Molecular Pathology. The carrier frequency of these 26 variants was 2.46% (95% confidence interval 1.73–3.46). To identify loci that require cautious interpretation in clinical sequencing, we identified 18 genes that are prone to sequencing errors, and 671 genes that are highly polymorphic and carry excess nonsynonymous variants. The catalog of identified variants, its annotation and frequency information are publicly available (http://koex.snu.ac.kr). These findings should be useful resources for investigating ethnically specific characteristics in human health and disease.
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5871
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Yang X, Shen Q, Sulaiman X, Liu H, Peng M, Zhang Y. Identity-by-descent refines mapping of candidate regions for preaxial polydactyly II /III in a large Chinese pedigree. Hereditas 2017; 155:2. [PMID: 28690477 PMCID: PMC5496229 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-017-0040-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Preaxial polydactyly (PPD) is congenital hand malformation characterized by the duplication of digit. Herein, we scan the genome-wide SNPs for a large Chinese family with PPD-II/III. We employ the refined IBD algorithm to identify the identity-by-decent (IBD) segments and compare the frequency among the patients and normal relatives. A total of 72 markers of 0.01 percentile of the permutation are identified as the peak signals. Among of them, 57markers locate on chromosome 7q36 which is associated with PPD. Further analyses refine the mapping of candidate region in chromosome 7q36 into two 380 Kb fragments within LMBR1 and SHH respectively. IBD approach is a suitable method for mapping causal gene of human disease. Target-enrichment sequencing as well as functional experiments are required to illustrate the pathogenic mechanisms for PPD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Quankuan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,KIZ /CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bio-resources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming, China
| | | | - Hequn Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, China
| | - Minsheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,KIZ /CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bio-resources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming, China.,Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Jiaochang Donglu, Kunming, 650223 China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,KIZ /CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bio-resources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming, China.,Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Jiaochang Donglu, Kunming, 650223 China
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5872
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Henriksen EKK, Viken MK, Wittig M, Holm K, Folseraas T, Mucha S, Melum E, Hov JR, Lazaridis KN, Juran BD, Chazouillères O, Färkkilä M, Gotthardt DN, Invernizzi P, Carbone M, Hirschfield GM, Rushbrook SM, Goode E, Ponsioen CY, Weersma RK, Eksteen B, Yimam KK, Gordon SC, Goldberg D, Yu L, Bowlus CL, Franke A, Lie BA, Karlsen TH. HLA haplotypes in primary sclerosing cholangitis patients of admixed and non-European ancestry. HLA 2017; 90:228-233. [PMID: 28695657 DOI: 10.1111/tan.13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is strongly associated with several human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes. Due to extensive linkage disequilibrium and multiple polymorphic candidate genes in the HLA complex, identifying the alleles responsible for these associations has proven difficult. We aimed to evaluate whether studying populations of admixed or non-European descent could help in defining the causative HLA alleles. When assessing haplotypes carrying HLA-DRB1*13:01 (hypothesized to specifically increase the susceptibility to chronic cholangitis), we observed that every haplotype in the Scandinavian PSC population carried HLA-DQB1*06:03. In contrast, only 65% of HLA-DRB1*13:01 haplotypes in an admixed/non-European PSC population carried this allele, suggesting that further assessments of the PSC-associated haplotype HLA-DRB1*13:01-DQA1*01:03-DQB1*06:03 in admixed or multi-ethnic populations could aid in identifying the causative allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K K Henriksen
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - M K Viken
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - M Wittig
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - K Holm
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - T Folseraas
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - S Mucha
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - E Melum
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - J R Hov
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - K N Lazaridis
- Center for Basic Research in Digestive Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - B D Juran
- Center for Basic Research in Digestive Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - O Chazouillères
- Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service d'Hépatologie, INSERM, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - M Färkkilä
- Helsinki University and Clinic of Gastroenterology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - D N Gotthardt
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Intoxications, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Invernizzi
- Program for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, International Center for Digestive Health, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - M Carbone
- Program for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, International Center for Digestive Health, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - G M Hirschfield
- Centre for Liver Research and NIHR Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - S M Rushbrook
- The Department of Gastroenterology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norfolk, UK
| | - E Goode
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton and Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - C Y Ponsioen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R K Weersma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - B Eksteen
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - K K Yimam
- Division of Hepatology and Liver Transplantation, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - S C Gordon
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - D Goldberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - L Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - C L Bowlus
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - A Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - B A Lie
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - T H Karlsen
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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5873
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Abstract
Ascertaining the molecular and physiological basis of domestication and breeding is an active area of research. Due to the current wide distribution of its wild ancestor, the wild boar, the pig (Sus scrofa) is an excellent model to study these processes, which occurred independently in East Asia and Europe ca. 9000 yr ago. Analyzing genome variability patterns in terms of metabolic pathways is attractive since it considers the impact of interrelated functions of genes, in contrast to genome-wide scans that treat genes or genome windows in isolation. To that end, we studied 40 wild boars and 123 domestic pig genomes from Asia and Europe when metabolic pathway was the unit of analysis. We computed statistical significance for differentiation (Fst) and linkage disequilibrium (nSL) statistics at the pathway level. In terms of Fst, we found 21 and 12 pathways significantly differentiated at a q-value < 0.05 in Asia and Europe, respectively; five were shared across continents. In Asia, we found six significant pathways related to behavior, which involved essential neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin. Several significant pathways were interrelated and shared a variable percentage of genes. There were 12 genes present in >10 significant pathways (in terms of Fst), comprising genes involved in the transduction of a large number of signals, like phospholipase PCLB1, which is expressed in the brain, or ITPR3, which has an important role in taste transduction. In terms of nSL, significant pathways were mainly related to reproductive performance (ovarian steroidogenesis), a similarly important target trait during domestication and modern animal breeding. Different levels of recombination cannot explain these results, since we found no correlation between Fst and recombination rate. However, we did find an increased ratio of deleterious mutations in domestic vs. wild populations, suggesting a relaxed functional constraint associated with the domestication and breeding processes. Purifying selection was, nevertheless, stronger in significantly differentiated pathways than in random pathways, mainly in Europe. We conclude that pathway analysis facilitates the biological interpretation of genome-wide studies. Notably, in the case of pig, behavior played an important role, among other physiological and developmental processes.
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5874
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Matsumoto Y, Goto T, Nishino J, Nakaoka H, Tanave A, Takano-Shimizu T, Mott RF, Koide T. Selective breeding and selection mapping using a novel wild-derived heterogeneous stock of mice revealed two closely-linked loci for tameness. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4607. [PMID: 28676693 PMCID: PMC5496859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04869-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tameness is a major behavioral factor for domestication, and can be divided into two potential components: motivation to approach humans (active tameness) and reluctance to avoid humans (passive tameness). We identified genetic loci for active tameness through selective breeding, selection mapping, and association analysis. In previous work using laboratory and wild mouse strains, we found that laboratory strains were predominantly selected for passive tameness but not active tameness during their domestication. To identify genetic regions associated with active tameness, we applied selective breeding over 9 generations for contacting, a behavioural parameter strongly associated with active tameness. The prerequisite for successful selective breeding is high genetic variation in the target population, so we established and used a novel resource, wild-derived heterogeneous stock (WHS) mice from eight wild strains. The mice had genetic variations not present in other outbred mouse populations. Selective breeding of the WHS mice increased the contacting level through the generations. Selection mapping was applied to the selected population using a simulation based on a non-selection model and inferred haplotype data derived from single-nucleotide polymorphisms. We found a genomic signature for selection on chromosome 11 containing two closely linked loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Matsumoto
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan.,Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Goto
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Jo Nishino
- Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nakaoka
- Division of Human Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Akira Tanave
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan.,Transdisciplinary Research Integration Center, Toranomon, Minatoku, Tokyo, 105-0001, Japan
| | | | - Richard F Mott
- Genetics Institute, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Tsuyoshi Koide
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan. .,Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan. .,Transdisciplinary Research Integration Center, Toranomon, Minatoku, Tokyo, 105-0001, Japan.
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5875
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Weiner DJ, Wigdor EM, Ripke S, Walters RK, Kosmicki JA, Grove J, Samocha KE, Goldstein J, Okbay A, Bybjerg-Grauholm J, Werge T, Hougaard DM, Taylor J, Skuse D, Devlin B, Anney R, Sanders SJ, Bishop S, Mortensen PB, Børglum AD, Smith GD, Daly MJ, Robinson EB. Polygenic transmission disequilibrium confirms that common and rare variation act additively to create risk for autism spectrum disorders. Nat Genet 2017; 49:978-985. [PMID: 28504703 PMCID: PMC5552240 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) risk is influenced by common polygenic and de novo variation. We aimed to clarify the influence of polygenic risk for ASD and to identify subgroups of ASD cases, including those with strongly acting de novo variants, in which polygenic risk is relevant. Using a novel approach called the polygenic transmission disequilibrium test and data from 6,454 families with a child with ASD, we show that polygenic risk for ASD, schizophrenia, and greater educational attainment is over-transmitted to children with ASD. These findings hold independent of proband IQ. We find that polygenic variation contributes additively to risk in ASD cases who carry a strongly acting de novo variant. Lastly, we show that elements of polygenic risk are independent and differ in their relationship with phenotype. These results confirm that the genetic influences on ASD are additive and suggest that they create risk through at least partially distinct etiologic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Weiner
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emilie M. Wigdor
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephan Ripke
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raymond K. Walters
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jack A. Kosmicki
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Genetics and Genomics, Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jakob Grove
- Department of Biomedicine (Human Genetics), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kaitlin E. Samocha
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jacqueline Goldstein
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aysu Okbay
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm
- Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Werge
- Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David M. Hougaard
- Danish Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Taylor
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - David Skuse
- Behavioural Sciences Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Bernie Devlin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Richard Anney
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Stephan J. Sanders
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
| | - Somer Bishop
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
| | - Preben Bo Mortensen
- Department of Biomedicine (Human Genetics), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-based Research, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders D. Børglum
- Department of Biomedicine (Human Genetics), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - George Davey Smith
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Mark J. Daly
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elise B. Robinson
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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5876
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Atkinson SR, Way MJ, McQuillin A, Morgan MY, Thursz MR. Homozygosity for rs738409:G in PNPLA3 is associated with increased mortality following an episode of severe alcoholic hepatitis. J Hepatol 2017; 67:120-127. [PMID: 28161471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Carriage of rs738409:G in PNPLA3 is associated with an increased risk of developing alcohol-related cirrhosis and has a significant negative effect on survival. Short-term mortality in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis is high; drinking behaviour is a major determinant of outcome in survivors. The aim of this study was to determine whether carriage of rs738409:G has an additional detrimental effect on survival in this patient group. METHODS Genotyping was undertaken in 898 cases with severe alcoholic hepatitis, recruited through the UK Steroids or Pentoxifylline for Alcoholic Hepatitis (STOPAH) trial, and 1188 White British/Irish alcohol dependent controls with no liver injury, recruited via University College London. Subsequent drinking behaviour was classified, in cases surviving ≥90days, as abstinent or drinking. The relationship between rs738409 genotype, drinking behaviour and survival was explored. RESULTS The frequency of rs738409:G was significantly higher in cases than controls (29.5% vs. 18.9%; p=2.15×10-15; odds ratio 1.80 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.55-2.08]). Case-mortality at days 28, 90 and 450 was 16%, 25% and 41% respectively. There was no association between rs738409:G and 28-day mortality. Mortality in the 90 to 450-day period was higher in survivors who subsequently resumed drinking (hazard ratio [HR] 2.77, 95% CI 1.79-4.29; p<0.0001) and in individuals homozygous for rs738409:G (HR 1.69, 95% CI 1.02-2.81, p=0.04). CONCLUSION Homozygosity for rs738409:G in PNPLA3 confers significant additional risk of medium-term mortality in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis. Rs738409 genotype may be taken into account when considering treatment options for these patients. LAY SUMMARY Individuals misusing alcohol who carry a particular variant of the gene PNPLA3 are more at risk of developing severe alcoholic hepatitis, a condition with a poor chance of survival. The longer-term outcome in people with this condition who survive the initial illness is strongly influenced by their ability to remain abstinent from alcohol. However, carriers of this gene variant are less likely to survive even if they are able to stop drinking completely. Knowing if someone carries this gene variant could influence the way in which they are managed. Clinical trial numbers: EudraCT reference number: 2009-013897-42; ISRCTN reference number: ISRCTN88782125. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBERS EudraCT reference number: 2009-013897-42; ISRCTN reference number: ISRCTN88782125.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Atkinson
- Department of Hepatology, Division of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, UK.
| | - Michael J Way
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, UK; Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew McQuillin
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marsha Y Morgan
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mark R Thursz
- Department of Hepatology, Division of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, UK
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5877
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Busch R, Hobbs BD, Zhou J, Castaldi PJ, McGeachie MJ, Hardin ME, Hawrylkiewicz I, Sliwinski P, Yim JJ, Kim WJ, Kim DK, Agusti A, Make BJ, Crapo JD, Calverley PM, Donner CF, Lomas DA, Wouters EF, Vestbo J, Tal-Singer R, Bakke P, Gulsvik A, Litonjua AA, Sparrow D, Paré PD, Levy RD, Rennard SI, Beaty TH, Hokanson J, Silverman EK, Cho MH. Genetic Association and Risk Scores in a Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Meta-analysis of 16,707 Subjects. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 57:35-46. [PMID: 28170284 PMCID: PMC5516277 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0331oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The heritability of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) cannot be fully explained by recognized genetic risk factors identified as achieving genome-wide significance. In addition, the combined contribution of genetic variation to COPD risk has not been fully explored. We sought to determine: (1) whether studies of variants from previous studies of COPD or lung function in a larger sample could identify additional associated variants, particularly for severe COPD; and (2) the impact of genetic risk scores on COPD. We genotyped 3,346 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 2,588 cases (1,803 severe COPD) and 1,782 control subjects from four cohorts, and performed association testing with COPD, combining these results with existing genotyping data from 6,633 cases (3,497 severe COPD) and 5,704 control subjects. In addition, we developed genetic risk scores from SNPs associated with lung function and COPD and tested their discriminatory power for COPD-related measures. We identified significant associations between SNPs near PPIC (P = 1.28 × 10-8) and PPP4R4/SERPINA1 (P = 1.01 × 10-8) and severe COPD; the latter association may be driven by recognized variants in SERPINA1. Genetic risk scores based on SNPs previously associated with COPD and lung function had a modest ability to discriminate COPD (area under the curve, ∼0.6), and accounted for a mean 0.9-1.9% lower forced expiratory volume in 1 second percent predicted for each additional risk allele. In a large genetic association analysis, we identified associations with severe COPD near PPIC and SERPINA1. A risk score based on combining genetic variants had modest, but significant, effects on risk of COPD and lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Busch
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brian D. Hobbs
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jin Zhou
- University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Peter J. Castaldi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael J. McGeachie
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Megan E. Hardin
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Pawel Sliwinski
- National Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jae-Joon Yim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Jin Kim
- Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Deog K. Kim
- Seoul National University College of Medicine Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Alvar Agusti
- Thorax Institute, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, CIBERES, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Claudio F. Donner
- Mondo Medico di I.F.I.M. srl, Multidisciplinary and Rehabilitation Outpatient Clinic, Borgomanero, Novara, Italy
| | | | | | - Jørgen Vestbo
- University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Tal-Singer
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania
| | - Per Bakke
- University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Augusto A. Litonjua
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Sparrow
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital and the Veterans Administration Medical Center–Jamaica Plain, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts
| | - Peter D. Paré
- Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Robert D. Levy
- Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Terri H. Beaty
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - John Hokanson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Edwin K. Silverman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael H. Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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5878
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Euesden J, Matcham F, Hotopf M, Steer S, Cope AP, Lewis CM, Scott IC. The Relationship Between Mental Health, Disease Severity, and Genetic Risk for Depression in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis. Psychosom Med 2017; 79:638-645. [PMID: 28282363 PMCID: PMC5638421 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reduced mental health (MH) is prevalent in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although longitudinal studies are limited, there is evidence that depression is associated with worse disease outcomes. We evaluated reciprocal relationships between MH, RA severity, and genetic risks for depression for 2 years in a well-characterized cohort of RA patients. METHODS We evaluated 520 early RA patients previously enrolled to two clinical trials. MH was measured using the short form-36 MH domain and mental component summary scores (MCS). MCS/MH associations over 2 years with disease activity (disease activity score on a 28-joint count), disability (health assessment questionnaire), pain visual analog scale scores, and a weighted genetic risk score for depression were tested using linear mixed-effects and regression models. RESULTS Poorer MH was associated with worse RA outcomes. Lower MCS scores (indicating worse MH) were seen in patients with a greater genetic risk for depression (weighted genetic risk score: coefficient = -1.21, p = .013). Lower baseline MCS was associated with lower 2-year improvements in disease activity score on a 28-joint count (coefficient = -0.02, p < .001), pain (coefficient = -0.33, p < .001), and health assessment questionnaire (coefficient = -0.01, p = .006). Baseline MCS was associated with changes in the swollen joint count (coefficient = -0.09, p < .001) and patient global assessment (coefficient = -0.28, p < .001) but not the tender joint count (p = .983) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p = .973). Only baseline pain visual analog scale (coefficient = -0.07, p = .002) was associated with 2-year changes in MCS. CONCLUSIONS Reduced baseline MH was associated with lower improvements in disease activity, disability, and pain for 2 years, supporting current national guidelines recommending screening for depression in RA. Pain had a bidirectional relationship with MH. Depression genetic risk had a significant association with MH.
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5879
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Wang DR, Han R, Wolfrum EJ, McCouch SR. The buffering capacity of stems: genetic architecture of nonstructural carbohydrates in cultivated Asian rice, Oryza sativa. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 215:658-671. [PMID: 28556941 PMCID: PMC5488208 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Harnessing stem carbohydrate dynamics in grasses offers an opportunity to help meet future demands for plant-based food, fiber and fuel production, but requires a greater understanding of the genetic controls that govern the synthesis, interconversion and transport of such energy reserves. We map out a blueprint of the genetic architecture of rice (Oryza sativa) stem nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) at two critical developmental time-points using a subpopulation-specific genome-wide association approach on two diverse germplasm panels followed by quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping in a biparental population. Overall, 26 QTL are identified; three are detected in multiple panels and are associated with starch-at-maturity, sucrose-at-maturity and NSC-at-heading. They tag OsHXK6 (rice hexokinase), ISA2 (rice isoamylase) and a tandem array of sugar transporters. This study provides the foundation for more in-depth molecular investigation to validate candidate genes underlying rice stem NSC and informs future comparative studies in other agronomically vital grass species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane R. Wang
- Section of Plant Breeding and GeneticsSchool of Integrated Plant SciencesCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853‐1901USA
| | - Rongkui Han
- Section of Plant Breeding and GeneticsSchool of Integrated Plant SciencesCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853‐1901USA
| | - Edward J. Wolfrum
- Integrated Biorefinery Research FacilityNational Renewable Energy LabGoldenCO80401USA
| | - Susan R. McCouch
- Section of Plant Breeding and GeneticsSchool of Integrated Plant SciencesCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853‐1901USA
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5880
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Hardin M, Cho MH, Sharma S, Glass K, Castaldi PJ, McDonald ML, Aschard H, Senter-Sylvia J, Tantisira K, Weiss ST, Hersh CP, Morrow JD, Lomas D, Agusti A, Bakke P, Gulsvik A, O'Connor GT, Dupuis J, Hokanson J, Crapo JD, Beaty TH, Laird N, Silverman EK, DeMeo DL. Sex-Based Genetic Association Study Identifies CELSR1 as a Possible Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Risk Locus among Women. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 56:332-341. [PMID: 27854507 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0172oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex disease with strong environmental and genetic influences and sexually dimorphic features. Although genetic risk factors for COPD have been identified, much of the heritability remains unexplained. Sex-based genetic association studies may uncover additional COPD genetic risk factors. We studied current and former smokers from COPD case-control cohorts (COPDGene non-Hispanic whites and African Americans, Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate End-Points, and Genetics of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease). COPD was defined as post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity less than 0.70 and forced expiratory volume in 1 second percent predicted less than 80. Testing was performed across all cohorts and combined in a meta-analysis adjusted for age, pack-years, and genetic ancestry. We first performed genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-by-sex interaction testing on the outcome of COPD affection status. We performed sex-stratified association testing for SNPs with interaction P less than 10-6. We examined over 8 million SNPs in four populations, including 6,260 subjects with COPD (40.6% female) and 5,269 smoking control subjects (47.3% female). The SNP rs9615358 in the cadherin gene CELSR1 approached genome-wide significance for an interaction with sex (P = 1.24 × 10-7). In the sex-stratified meta-analysis, this SNP was associated with COPD among females (odds ratio, 1.37 [95% confidence interval, 1.25-1.49]; P = 3.32 × 10-7) but not males (odds ratio, 0.90 [95% confidence interval, 0.79-1.01]; P = 0.06). CELSR1 is involved in fetal lung development. In a human fetal lung tissue dataset, we observed greater CELSR1 expression in female compared with male samples. This SNP-by-sex genome-wide association analysis identified the fetal lung development gene, CELSR1, as a potential sex-specific risk factor for COPD. Identifying sex-specific genetic risk factors may reveal new insights into sexually dimorphic features of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Hardin
- 1 Channing Division of Network Medicine and.,2 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael H Cho
- 1 Channing Division of Network Medicine and.,2 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sunita Sharma
- 3 Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | | | | | - Hugues Aschard
- 4 Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Kelan Tantisira
- 1 Channing Division of Network Medicine and.,2 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Scott T Weiss
- 1 Channing Division of Network Medicine and.,2 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Craig P Hersh
- 1 Channing Division of Network Medicine and.,2 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jarrett D Morrow
- 1 Channing Division of Network Medicine and.,2 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Lomas
- 5 Department of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alvar Agusti
- 6 Thoracic Institute, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Per Bakke
- 7 Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Amund Gulsvik
- 8 Department of Geriatric Medicine Ullevaal, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Josée Dupuis
- 10 Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,11 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts
| | - John Hokanson
- 12 Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - James D Crapo
- 13 Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and
| | - Terri H Beaty
- 14 Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nan Laird
- 4 Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Edwin K Silverman
- 1 Channing Division of Network Medicine and.,2 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dawn L DeMeo
- 1 Channing Division of Network Medicine and.,2 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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5881
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Spangler GL, Rosen BD, Ilori MB, Hanotte O, Kim ES, Sonstegard TS, Burke JM, Morgan JLM, Notter DR, Van Tassell CP. Whole genome structural analysis of Caribbean hair sheep reveals quantitative link to West African ancestry. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179021. [PMID: 28662044 PMCID: PMC5490989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hair sheep of Caribbean origin have become an important part of the U.S. sheep industry. Their lack of wool eliminates a number of health concerns and drastically reduces the cost of production. More importantly, Caribbean hair sheep demonstrate robust production performance even in the presence of drug-resistant gastrointestinal nematodes, a rising concern to the industry. Despite the growing importance of hair sheep in the Americas their genetic origins have remained speculative. Prior to this report no genetic studies were able to identify a unique geographical origin of hair sheep in the New World. Our study clarifies the African and European ancestry of Caribbean hair sheep. Whole-genome structural analysis was conducted on four established breeds of hair sheep from the Caribbean region. Using breeds representing Africa and Europe we establish an objective measure indicating Caribbean hair sheep are derived from Iberian and West African origins. Caribbean hair sheep result from West African introgression into established ecotypes of Iberian descent. Genotypes from 47,750 autosomal single nucleotide polymorphism markers scored in 290 animals were used to characterize the population structure of the St. Croix, Barbados Blackbelly, Morada Nova, and Santa Ines. Principal components, admixture, and phylogenetic analyses results correlate with historical patterns of colonization and trade. These patterns support co-migration of these sheep with humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon L. Spangler
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Benjamin D. Rosen
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Olivier Hanotte
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Eui-Soo Kim
- Acceligen of Recombinetics Incorporated, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Tad S. Sonstegard
- Acceligen of Recombinetics Incorporated, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Joan M. Burke
- Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Station, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Booneville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - James L. M. Morgan
- Katahdin Hair Sheep International, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - David R. Notter
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Curtis P. Van Tassell
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
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5882
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Gibson SB, Downie JM, Tsetsou S, Feusier JE, Figueroa KP, Bromberg MB, Jorde LB, Pulst SM. The evolving genetic risk for sporadic ALS. Neurology 2017. [PMID: 28642336 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000004109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the genetic risk conferred by known amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-associated genes to the pathogenesis of sporadic ALS (SALS) using variant allele frequencies combined with predicted variant pathogenicity. METHODS Whole exome sequencing and repeat expansion PCR of C9orf72 and ATXN2 were performed on 87 patients of European ancestry with SALS seen at the University of Utah. DNA variants that change the protein coding sequence of 31 ALS-associated genes were annotated to determine which were rare and deleterious as predicted by MetaSVM. The percentage of patients with SALS with a rare and deleterious variant or repeat expansion in an ALS-associated gene was calculated. An odds ratio analysis was performed comparing the burden of ALS-associated genes in patients with SALS vs 324 normal controls. RESULTS Nineteen rare nonsynonymous variants in an ALS-associated gene, 2 of which were found in 2 different individuals, were identified in 21 patients with SALS. Further, 5 deleterious C9orf72 and 2 ATXN2 repeat expansions were identified. A total of 17.2% of patients with SALS had a rare and deleterious variant or repeat expansion in an ALS-associated gene. The genetic burden of ALS-associated genes in patients with SALS as predicted by MetaSVM was significantly higher than in normal controls. CONCLUSIONS Previous analyses have identified SALS-predisposing variants only in terms of their rarity in normal control populations. By incorporating variant pathogenicity as well as variant frequency, we demonstrated that the genetic risk contributed by these genes for SALS is substantially lower than previous estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Summer B Gibson
- From the Departments of Neurology (S.B.G., S.T., K.P.F., M.B.B., S.M.P.) and Human Genetics (J.M.D., J.E.F., L.B.J.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City
| | - Jonathan M Downie
- From the Departments of Neurology (S.B.G., S.T., K.P.F., M.B.B., S.M.P.) and Human Genetics (J.M.D., J.E.F., L.B.J.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City.
| | - Spyridoula Tsetsou
- From the Departments of Neurology (S.B.G., S.T., K.P.F., M.B.B., S.M.P.) and Human Genetics (J.M.D., J.E.F., L.B.J.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City
| | - Julie E Feusier
- From the Departments of Neurology (S.B.G., S.T., K.P.F., M.B.B., S.M.P.) and Human Genetics (J.M.D., J.E.F., L.B.J.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City
| | - Karla P Figueroa
- From the Departments of Neurology (S.B.G., S.T., K.P.F., M.B.B., S.M.P.) and Human Genetics (J.M.D., J.E.F., L.B.J.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City
| | - Mark B Bromberg
- From the Departments of Neurology (S.B.G., S.T., K.P.F., M.B.B., S.M.P.) and Human Genetics (J.M.D., J.E.F., L.B.J.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City
| | - Lynn B Jorde
- From the Departments of Neurology (S.B.G., S.T., K.P.F., M.B.B., S.M.P.) and Human Genetics (J.M.D., J.E.F., L.B.J.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City
| | - Stefan M Pulst
- From the Departments of Neurology (S.B.G., S.T., K.P.F., M.B.B., S.M.P.) and Human Genetics (J.M.D., J.E.F., L.B.J.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City
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5883
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Nannini DR, Torres M, Chen YDI, Taylor KD, Rotter JI, Varma R, Gao X. A Genome-Wide Association Study of Vertical Cup-Disc Ratio in a Latino Population. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:87-95. [PMID: 28061514 PMCID: PMC5231910 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-19891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Vertical cup-disc ratio (VCDR) is used as a clinical assessment measure to identify and monitor glaucomatous damage to the optic nerve. Previous genetic studies conducted in European and Asian populations have identified many loci associated with VCDR. The genetic factors in other ethnic populations, such as Latino, influencing VCDR remain to be determined. Here, we describe the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) on VCDR in Latino individuals. Methods We conducted this GWAS on VCDR using 4537 Latino individuals who were genotyped by using either the Illumina OmniExpress BeadChip (∼730K markers) or the Illumina Hispanic/SOL BeadChip (∼2.5 million markers). Study subjects were 40 years of age and older. Linear regression, adjusting for age, sex, and principal components of genetic ancestry, was conducted to assess the associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and VCDR. We imputed SNPs from the 1000 Genomes Project to integrate additional SNPs not directly genotyped. Results We replicated two previously reported SNPs that reached GWAS significance, rs1900005 and rs7916697, in the ATOH7-PBLD region, as well as identified two suggestive associations in the CDC7-TGFBR3 region on chromosome 1p22.1 and in the ZNF770-DPH6 region on chromosome 15q14. We discovered a novel SNP, rs56238729 (P = 1.22 × 10−13), in the ATOH7-PBLD region that is significantly associated with VCDR in Latino individuals. We replicated eight previously reported regions, including COL8A1, CDKN2B-CDKN2BAS, BMP2, and CHEK2 (P < 2.17 × 10−3). Conclusions Our results discovered a novel SNP that is significantly associated with VCDR in Latino individuals and confirmed previously reported loci, providing further insight into the genetic architecture of VCDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew R Nannini
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Mina Torres
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Yii-Der I Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics and Medicine at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, California, United States
| | - Kent D Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics and Medicine at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, California, United States
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics and Medicine at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, California, United States
| | - Rohit Varma
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Xiaoyi Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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5884
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Huang AY, Yu D, Davis LK, Sul JH, Tsetsos F, Ramensky V, Zelaya I, Ramos EM, Osiecki L, Chen JA, McGrath LM, Illmann C, Sandor P, Barr CL, Grados M, Singer HS, Nöthen MM, Hebebrand J, King RA, Dion Y, Rouleau G, Budman CL, Depienne C, Worbe Y, Hartmann A, Müller-Vahl KR, Stuhrmann M, Aschauer H, Stamenkovic M, Schloegelhofer M, Konstantinidis A, Lyon GJ, McMahon WM, Barta C, Tarnok Z, Nagy P, Batterson JR, Rizzo R, Cath DC, Wolanczyk T, Berlin C, Malaty IA, Okun MS, Woods DW, Rees E, Pato CN, Pato MT, Knowles JA, Posthuma D, Pauls DL, Cox NJ, Neale BM, Freimer NB, Paschou P, Mathews CA, Scharf JM, Coppola G. Rare Copy Number Variants in NRXN1 and CNTN6 Increase Risk for Tourette Syndrome. Neuron 2017; 94:1101-1111.e7. [PMID: 28641109 PMCID: PMC5568251 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tourette syndrome (TS) is a model neuropsychiatric disorder thought to arise from abnormal development and/or maintenance of cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuits. TS is highly heritable, but its underlying genetic causes are still elusive, and no genome-wide significant loci have been discovered to date. We analyzed a European ancestry sample of 2,434 TS cases and 4,093 ancestry-matched controls for rare (< 1% frequency) copy-number variants (CNVs) using SNP microarray data. We observed an enrichment of global CNV burden that was prominent for large (> 1 Mb), singleton events (OR = 2.28, 95% CI [1.39-3.79], p = 1.2 × 10-3) and known, pathogenic CNVs (OR = 3.03 [1.85-5.07], p = 1.5 × 10-5). We also identified two individual, genome-wide significant loci, each conferring a substantial increase in TS risk (NRXN1 deletions, OR = 20.3, 95% CI [2.6-156.2]; CNTN6 duplications, OR = 10.1, 95% CI [2.3-45.4]). Approximately 1% of TS cases carry one of these CNVs, indicating that rare structural variation contributes significantly to the genetic architecture of TS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alden Y Huang
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Dongmei Yu
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Lea K Davis
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jae Hoon Sul
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Fotis Tsetsos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Vasily Ramensky
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Institusky 9, Moscow 141701, Russian Federation
| | - Ivette Zelaya
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Eliana Marisa Ramos
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lisa Osiecki
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jason A Chen
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lauren M McGrath
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
| | - Cornelia Illmann
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Paul Sandor
- Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network and Youthdale Treatment Centres, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Cathy L Barr
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Marco Grados
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Harvey S Singer
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Johannes Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Robert A King
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yves Dion
- University of Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Guy Rouleau
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Cathy L Budman
- Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Christel Depienne
- IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7104/INSERM U964/Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France; Brain and Spine Institute, UPMC/INSERM UMR_S1127, 75013 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Yulia Worbe
- Brain and Spine Institute, UPMC/INSERM UMR_S1127, 75013 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Andreas Hartmann
- Brain and Spine Institute, UPMC/INSERM UMR_S1127, 75013 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Kirsten R Müller-Vahl
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Manfred Stuhrmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Harald Aschauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Biopsychosocial Corporation, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mara Stamenkovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Schloegelhofer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anastasios Konstantinidis
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Center for Mental Health Muldenstrasse, BBRZMed, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Gholson J Lyon
- Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - William M McMahon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Csaba Barta
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsanett Tarnok
- Vadaskert Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Hospital, 1021 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Nagy
- Vadaskert Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Hospital, 1021 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Renata Rizzo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy
| | - Danielle C Cath
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen & Drenthe Mental Health Center, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tomasz Wolanczyk
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-001 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Cheston Berlin
- Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Irene A Malaty
- Department of Neurology and Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32607, USA
| | - Michael S Okun
- Department of Neurology and Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32607, USA
| | - Douglas W Woods
- Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA; University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - Elliott Rees
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, Wales, UK
| | - Carlos N Pato
- SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | | | - James A Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Danielle Posthuma
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - David L Pauls
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Nancy J Cox
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Benjamin M Neale
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Nelson B Freimer
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Peristera Paschou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Carol A Mathews
- Department of Psychiatry, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jeremiah M Scharf
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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5885
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Pang SYY, Hsu JS, Teo KC, Li Y, Kung MHW, Cheah KSE, Chan D, Cheung KMC, Li M, Sham PC, Ho SL. Burden of rare variants in ALS genes influences survival in familial and sporadic ALS. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 58:238.e9-238.e15. [PMID: 28709720 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Genetic variants are implicated in the development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but it is unclear whether the burden of rare variants in ALS genes has an effect on survival. We performed whole genome sequencing on 8 familial ALS (FALS) patients with superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) mutation and whole exome sequencing on 46 sporadic ALS (SALS) patients living in Hong Kong and found that 67% had at least 1 rare variant in the exons of 40 ALS genes; 22% had 2 or more. Patients with 2 or more rare variants had lower probability of survival than patients with 0 or 1 variant (p = 0.001). After adjusting for other factors, each additional rare variant increased the risk of respiratory failure or death by 60% (p = 0.0098). The presence of the rare variant was associated with the risk of ALS (Odds ratio 1.91, 95% confidence interval 1.03-3.61, p = 0.03), and ALS patients had higher rare variant burden than controls (MB, p = 0.004). Our findings support an oligogenic basis with the burden of rare variants affecting the development and survival of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Yin-Yu Pang
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Jacob Shujui Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Centre for Genomic Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Kay-Cheong Teo
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Centre for Genomic Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Michelle H W Kung
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Kathryn S E Cheah
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Danny Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Kenneth M C Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Miaoxin Li
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Centre for Genomic Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Department of Medical Genetics, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
| | - Pak-Chung Sham
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Centre for Genomic Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China.
| | - Shu-Leong Ho
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China.
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5886
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Using variable importance measures to identify a small set of SNPs to predict heading date in perennial ryegrass. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3566. [PMID: 28620209 PMCID: PMC5472636 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03232-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior knowledge on heading date enables the selection of parents of synthetic cultivars that are well matched with respect to time of heading, which is essential to ensure plants put together will cross pollinate. Heading date of individual plants can be determined via direct phenotyping, which has a time and labour cost. It can also be inferred from family means, although the spread in days to heading within families demands roguing in first generation synthetics. Another option is to predict heading date from molecular markers. In this study we used a large training population consisting of individual plants to develop equations to predict heading date from marker genotypes. Using permutation-based variable selection measures we reduced the marker set from 217,563 to 50 without impacting the predictive ability. Opportunities exist to develop a cheap assay to sequence a small number of regions in linkage disequilibrium with heading date QTL in thousands of samples. Simultaneous use of these markers in non-linkage based marker-assisted selection approaches, such as paternity testing, should enhance the utility of such an approach.
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5887
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Chaubey G, Ayub Q, Rai N, Prakash S, Mushrif-Tripathy V, Mezzavilla M, Pathak AK, Tamang R, Firasat S, Reidla M, Karmin M, Rani DS, Reddy AG, Parik J, Metspalu E, Rootsi S, Dalal K, Khaliq S, Mehdi SQ, Singh L, Metspalu M, Kivisild T, Tyler-Smith C, Villems R, Thangaraj K. "Like sugar in milk": reconstructing the genetic history of the Parsi population. Genome Biol 2017; 18:110. [PMID: 28615043 PMCID: PMC5470188 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-017-1244-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Parsis are one of the smallest religious communities in the world. To understand the population structure and demographic history of this group in detail, we analyzed Indian and Pakistani Parsi populations using high-resolution genetic variation data on autosomal and uniparental loci (Y-chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA). Additionally, we also assayed mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms among ancient Parsi DNA samples excavated from Sanjan, in present day Gujarat, the place of their original settlement in India. RESULTS Among present-day populations, the Parsis are genetically closest to Iranian and the Caucasus populations rather than their South Asian neighbors. They also share the highest number of haplotypes with present-day Iranians and we estimate that the admixture of the Parsis with Indian populations occurred ~1,200 years ago. Enriched homozygosity in the Parsi reflects their recent isolation and inbreeding. We also observed 48% South-Asian-specific mitochondrial lineages among the ancient samples, which might have resulted from the assimilation of local females during the initial settlement. Finally, we show that Parsis are genetically closer to Neolithic Iranians than to modern Iranians, who have witnessed a more recent wave of admixture from the Near East. CONCLUSIONS Our results are consistent with the historically-recorded migration of the Parsi populations to South Asia in the 7th century and in agreement with their assimilation into the Indian sub-continent's population and cultural milieu "like sugar in milk". Moreover, in a wider context our results support a major demographic transition in West Asia due to the Islamic conquest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyaneshwer Chaubey
- Evolutionary Biology Group, Estonian Biocentre, Riia23b, Tartu, 51010, Estonia.
| | - Qasim Ayub
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK.
| | - Niraj Rai
- CSIR - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500007, India.,Present address: Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Satya Prakash
- CSIR - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Veena Mushrif-Tripathy
- Department of Archaeology, Deccan College Post-Graduate and Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, 411006, India
| | - Massimo Mezzavilla
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Ajai Kumar Pathak
- Evolutionary Biology Group, Estonian Biocentre, Riia23b, Tartu, 51010, Estonia.,Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - Rakesh Tamang
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Sadaf Firasat
- Centre for Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, 74200, Pakistan
| | - Maere Reidla
- Evolutionary Biology Group, Estonian Biocentre, Riia23b, Tartu, 51010, Estonia.,Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - Monika Karmin
- Evolutionary Biology Group, Estonian Biocentre, Riia23b, Tartu, 51010, Estonia.,Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia.,Department of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Deepa Selvi Rani
- CSIR - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Alla G Reddy
- CSIR - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Jüri Parik
- Evolutionary Biology Group, Estonian Biocentre, Riia23b, Tartu, 51010, Estonia.,Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - Ene Metspalu
- Evolutionary Biology Group, Estonian Biocentre, Riia23b, Tartu, 51010, Estonia.,Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - Siiri Rootsi
- Evolutionary Biology Group, Estonian Biocentre, Riia23b, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - Kurush Dalal
- Centre for Archaeology (CfA), Centre for Extra Mural Studies (CEMS) University of Mumbai (Kalina Campus) Vidyanagri, Santacruz E Mumbai, 400098, India
| | - Shagufta Khaliq
- Department of Human Genetics & Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Syed Qasim Mehdi
- Centre for Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, 74200, Pakistan
| | - Lalji Singh
- Genome foundation, C/o Prasad Hospital, Nacharam, Hyderabad, 500076, India
| | - Mait Metspalu
- Evolutionary Biology Group, Estonian Biocentre, Riia23b, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - Toomas Kivisild
- Evolutionary Biology Group, Estonian Biocentre, Riia23b, Tartu, 51010, Estonia.,Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3QG, UK
| | - Chris Tyler-Smith
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Richard Villems
- Evolutionary Biology Group, Estonian Biocentre, Riia23b, Tartu, 51010, Estonia.,Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
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5888
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Quickly identifying identical and closely related subjects in large databases using genotype data. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179106. [PMID: 28609482 PMCID: PMC5469481 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) usually rely on the assumption that different samples are not from closely related individuals. Detection of duplicates and close relatives becomes more difficult both statistically and computationally when one wants to combine datasets that may have been genotyped on different platforms. The dbGaP repository at the National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI) contains datasets from hundreds of studies with over one million samples. There are many duplicates and closely related individuals both within and across studies from different submitters. Relationships between studies cannot always be identified by the submitters of individual datasets. To aid in curation of dbGaP, we developed a rapid statistical method called Genetic Relationship and Fingerprinting (GRAF) to detect duplicates and closely related samples, even when the sets of genotyped markers differ and the DNA strand orientations are unknown. GRAF extracts genotypes of 10,000 informative and independent SNPs from genotype datasets obtained using different methods, and implements quick algorithms that enable it to find all of the duplicate pairs from more than 880,000 samples within and across dbGaP studies in less than two hours. In addition, GRAF uses two statistical metrics called All Genotype Mismatch Rate (AGMR) and Homozygous Genotype Mismatch Rate (HGMR) to determine subject relationships directly from the observed genotypes, without estimating probabilities of identity by descent (IBD), or kinship coefficients, and compares the predicted relationships with those reported in the pedigree files. We implemented GRAF in a freely available C++ program of the same name. In this paper, we describe the methods in GRAF and validate the usage of GRAF on samples from the dbGaP repository. Other scientists can use GRAF on their own samples and in combination with samples downloaded from dbGaP.
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5889
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Buckley AR, Standish KA, Bhutani K, Ideker T, Lasken RS, Carter H, Harismendy O, Schork NJ. Pan-cancer analysis reveals technical artifacts in TCGA germline variant calls. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:458. [PMID: 28606096 PMCID: PMC5467262 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3770-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer research to date has largely focused on somatically acquired genetic aberrations. In contrast, the degree to which germline, or inherited, variation contributes to tumorigenesis remains unclear, possibly due to a lack of accessible germline variant data. Here we called germline variants on 9618 cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database representing 31 cancer types. RESULTS We identified batch effects affecting loss of function (LOF) variant calls that can be traced back to differences in the way the sequence data were generated both within and across cancer types. Overall, LOF indel calls were more sensitive to technical artifacts than LOF Single Nucleotide Variant (SNV) calls. In particular, whole genome amplification of DNA prior to sequencing led to an artificially increased burden of LOF indel calls, which confounded association analyses relating germline variants to tumor type despite stringent indel filtering strategies. The samples affected by these technical artifacts include all acute myeloid leukemia and practically all ovarian cancer samples. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate how technical artifacts induced by whole genome amplification of DNA can lead to false positive germline-tumor type associations and suggest TCGA whole genome amplified samples be used with caution. This study draws attention to the need to be sensitive to problems associated with a lack of uniformity in data generation in TCGA data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra R Buckley
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kristopher A Standish
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kunal Bhutani
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Trey Ideker
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Cancer Cell Map Initiative (CCMI), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Roger S Lasken
- Microbial Genomics Program, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hannah Carter
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Cancer Cell Map Initiative (CCMI), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Olivier Harismendy
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Schork
- J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
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5890
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Slavin TP, Maxwell KN, Lilyquist J, Vijai J, Neuhausen SL, Hart SN, Ravichandran V, Thomas T, Maria A, Villano D, Schrader KA, Moore R, Hu C, Wubbenhorst B, Wenz BM, D'Andrea K, Robson ME, Peterlongo P, Bonanni B, Ford JM, Garber JE, Domchek SM, Szabo C, Offit K, Nathanson KL, Weitzel JN, Couch FJ. The contribution of pathogenic variants in breast cancer susceptibility genes to familial breast cancer risk. NPJ Breast Cancer 2017. [PMID: 28649662 PMCID: PMC5466608 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-017-0024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the gene-specific risks for development of breast cancer will lead to improved clinical care for those carrying germline mutations in cancer predisposition genes. We sought to detail the spectrum of mutations and refine risk estimates for known and proposed breast cancer susceptibility genes. Targeted massively-parallel sequencing was performed to identify mutations and copy number variants in 26 known or proposed breast cancer susceptibility genes in 2134 BRCA1/2-negative women with familial breast cancer (proband with breast cancer and a family history of breast or ovarian cancer) from a largely European–Caucasian multi-institutional cohort. Case–control analysis was performed comparing the frequency of internally classified mutations identified in familial breast cancer women to Exome Aggregation Consortium controls. Mutations were identified in 8.2% of familial breast cancer women, including mutations in high-risk (odds ratio > 5) (1.4%) and moderate-risk genes (2 < odds ratio < 5) (2.9%). The remaining familial breast cancer women had mutations in proposed breast cancer genes (1.7%), Lynch syndrome genes (0.5%), and six cases had two mutations (0.3%). Case–control analysis demonstrated associations with familial breast cancer for ATM, PALB2, and TP53 mutations (odds ratio > 3.0, p < 10−4), BARD1 mutations (odds ratio = 3.2, p = 0.012), and CHEK2 truncating mutations (odds ratio = 1.6, p = 0.041). Our results demonstrate that approximately 4.7% of BRCA1/2 negative familial breast cancer women have mutations in genes statistically associated with breast cancer. We classified PALB2 and TP53 as high-risk, ATM and BARD1 as moderate risk, and CHEK2 truncating mutations as low risk breast cancer predisposition genes. This study demonstrates that large case–control studies are needed to fully evaluate the breast cancer risks associated with mutations in moderate-risk and proposed susceptibility genes. Women with the heritable form of breast cancer often harbor mutations in cancer-linked genes other than the usual suspects, BRCA1 and BRCA2. Slavin, Maxwell, Lilyquist, Joseph, and colleagues from major national and international cancer centers studied 2134 women with familial breast cancer who tested negative for BRCA1/2 gene mutations. The researchers sequenced 26 known or proposed breast cancer susceptibility genes and found mutations in approximately 1 in every 12 of the study subjects. They then further broke down the susceptibility genes into those that confer high-, moderate- or low-risk—although not all the proposed breast cancer genes reached statistical significance and, as such, their clinical importance remains unclear. The results support adding some of the high- and moderate-risk genes to multi-panel diagnostic tests that aim to determine the likelihood of a women developing heritable breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Slavin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope, Duarte, CA USA.,Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA USA
| | - Kara N Maxwell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA.,Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Jenna Lilyquist
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Joseph Vijai
- Clinical Genetics Research Lab, Department of Medicine & Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA USA
| | - Steven N Hart
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Vignesh Ravichandran
- Clinical Genetics Research Lab, Department of Medicine & Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Tinu Thomas
- Clinical Genetics Research Lab, Department of Medicine & Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Ann Maria
- Clinical Genetics Research Lab, Department of Medicine & Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Danylo Villano
- Clinical Genetics Research Lab, Department of Medicine & Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Kasmintan A Schrader
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Raymond Moore
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Chunling Hu
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Bradley Wubbenhorst
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Brandon M Wenz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Kurt D'Andrea
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Mark E Robson
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | | | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - James M Ford
- Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Judy E Garber
- Center for Cancer Genetics and Prevention, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA
| | - Susan M Domchek
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA.,Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | | | - Kenneth Offit
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Katherine L Nathanson
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Jeffrey N Weitzel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope, Duarte, CA USA.,Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA USA
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
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5891
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Way MJ, Ali MA, McQuillin A, Morgan MY. Genetic variants in ALDH1B1 and alcohol dependence risk in a British and Irish population: A bioinformatic and genetic study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177009. [PMID: 28594837 PMCID: PMC5464525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol is metabolized in the liver via the enzymes alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Polymorphisms in the genes encoding these enzymes, which are common in East Asian populations, can alter enzyme kinetics and hence the risk of alcohol dependence and its sequelae. One of the most important genetic variants, in this regards, is the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs671 in ALDH2, the gene encoding the primary acetaldehyde metabolizing enzyme ALDH2. However, the protective allele of rs671 is absent in most Europeans although ALDH1B1, which shares significant sequence homology with ALDH2, contains several, potentially functional, missense SNPs that do occur in European populations. The aims of this study were: (i) to use bioinformatic techniques to characterize the possible effects of selected variants in ALDH1B1 on protein structure and function; and, (ii) to genotype three missense and one stop-gain, protein-altering, non-synonymous SNPs in 1478 alcohol dependent cases and 1254 controls of matched British and Irish ancestry. No significant allelic associations were observed between the three missense SNPs and alcohol dependence risk. The minor allele frequency of rs142427338 (Gln378Ter) was higher in alcohol dependent cases than in controls (allelic P = 0.19, OR = 2.98, [0.62–14.37]) but as this SNP is very rare the study was likely underpowered to detect an association with alcohol dependence risk. This potential association will needs to be further evaluated in other large, independent European populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Way
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Department of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - M. Adam Ali
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Department of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew McQuillin
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marsha Y. Morgan
- UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Department of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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5892
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A Chromosome-Scale Assembly of the Bactrocera cucurbitae Genome Provides Insight to the Genetic Basis of white pupae. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2017; 7:1927-1940. [PMID: 28450369 PMCID: PMC5473769 DOI: 10.1534/g3.117.040170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Genetic sexing strains (GSS) used in sterile insect technique (SIT) programs are textbook examples of how classical Mendelian genetics can be directly implemented in the management of agricultural insect pests. Although the foundation of traditionally developed GSS are single locus, autosomal recessive traits, their genetic basis are largely unknown. With the advent of modern genomic techniques, the genetic basis of sexing traits in GSS can now be further investigated. This study is the first of its kind to integrate traditional genetic techniques with emerging genomics to characterize a GSS using the tephritid fruit fly pest Bactrocera cucurbitae as a model. These techniques include whole-genome sequencing, the development of a mapping population and linkage map, and quantitative trait analysis. The experiment designed to map the genetic sexing trait in B. cucurbitae, white pupae (wp), also enabled the generation of a chromosome-scale genome assembly by integrating the linkage map with the assembly. Quantitative trait loci analysis revealed SNP loci near position 42 MB on chromosome 3 to be tightly linked to wp Gene annotation and synteny analysis show a near perfect relationship between chromosomes in B. cucurbitae and Muller elements A-E in Drosophila melanogaster This chromosome-scale genome assembly is complete, has high contiguity, was generated using a minimal input DNA, and will be used to further characterize the genetic mechanisms underlying wp Knowledge of the genetic basis of genetic sexing traits can be used to improve SIT in this species and expand it to other economically important Diptera.
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5893
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Brucato N, Kusuma P, Beaujard P, Sudoyo H, Cox MP, Ricaut FX. Genomic admixture tracks pulses of economic activity over 2,000 years in the Indian Ocean trading network. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2919. [PMID: 28592861 PMCID: PMC5462752 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03204-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The Indian Ocean has long been a hub of interacting human populations. Following land- and sea-based routes, trade drove cultural contacts between far-distant ethnic groups in Asia, India, the Middle East and Africa, creating one of the world's first proto-globalized environments. However, the extent to which population mixing was mediated by trade is poorly understood. Reconstructing admixture times from genomic data in 3,006 individuals from 187 regional populations reveals a close association between bouts of human migration and trade volumes during the last 2,000 years across the Indian Ocean trading system. Temporal oscillations in trading activity match phases of contraction and expansion in migration, with high water marks following the expansion of the Silk Roads in the 5th century AD, the rise of maritime routes in the 11th century and a drastic restructuring of the trade network following the arrival of Europeans in the 16th century. The economic fluxes of the Indian Ocean trade network therefore directly shaped exchanges of genes, in addition to goods and concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Brucato
- Evolutionary Medicine Group, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse UMR 5288 CNRS, Université Toulouse III, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
| | - Pradiptajati Kusuma
- Evolutionary Medicine Group, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse UMR 5288 CNRS, Université Toulouse III, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Genome Diversity and Diseases Laboratory, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Philippe Beaujard
- Institut des Mondes Africains, UMR 8171 CNRS UMR 243 IRD, Paris, France
| | - Herawati Sudoyo
- Genome Diversity and Diseases Laboratory, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Murray P Cox
- Statistics and Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - François-Xavier Ricaut
- Evolutionary Medicine Group, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse UMR 5288 CNRS, Université Toulouse III, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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5894
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Linking rhizosphere microbiome composition of wild and domesticated Phaseolus vulgaris to genotypic and root phenotypic traits. ISME JOURNAL 2017; 11:2244-2257. [PMID: 28585939 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2017.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant domestication was a pivotal accomplishment in human history, but also led to a reduction in genetic diversity of crop species compared to their wild ancestors. How this reduced genetic diversity affected plant-microbe interactions belowground is largely unknown. Here, we investigated the genetic relatedness, root phenotypic traits and rhizobacterial community composition of modern and wild accessions of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) grown in agricultural soil from the highlands of Colombia, one of the centers of common bean diversification. Diversity Array Technology-based genotyping and phenotyping of local common bean accessions showed significant genetic and root architectural differences between wild and modern accessions, with a higher specific root length for the wild accessions. Canonical Correspondence Analysis indicated that the divergence in rhizobacterial community composition between wild and modern bean accessions is associated with differences in specific root length. Along the bean genotypic trajectory, going from wild to modern, we observed a gradual decrease in relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, mainly Chitinophagaceae and Cytophagaceae, and an increase in relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria, in particular Nocardioidaceae and Rhizobiaceae, respectively. Collectively, these results establish a link between common bean domestication, specific root morphological traits and rhizobacterial community assembly.
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5895
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Waples RK, Seeb JE, Seeb LW. Congruent population structure across paralogous and nonparalogous loci in Salish Sea chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta). Mol Ecol 2017; 26:4131-4144. [PMID: 28452089 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Whole-genome duplications are major evolutionary events with a lasting impact on genome structure. Duplication events complicate genetic analyses as paralogous sequences are difficult to distinguish; consequently, paralogs are often excluded from studies. The effects of an ancient whole-genome duplication (approximately 88 MYA) are still evident in salmonids through the persistence of numerous paralogous gene sequences and partial tetrasomic inheritance. We use restriction site-associated DNA sequencing on 10 collections of chum salmon from the Salish Sea in the USA and Canada to investigate genetic diversity and population structure in both tetrasomic and rediploidized regions of the genome. We use a pedigree and high-density linkage map to identify paralogous loci and to investigate genetic variation across the genome. By applying multivariate statistical methods, we show that it is possible to characterize paralogous loci and that they display similar patterns of population structure as the diploidized portion of the genome. We find genetic associations with the adaptively important trait of run-timing in both sets of loci. By including paralogous loci in genome scans, we can observe evolutionary signals in genomic regions that have routinely been excluded from population genetic studies in other polyploid-derived species.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Waples
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J E Seeb
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - L W Seeb
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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5896
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Lloyd-Jones LR, Robinson MR, Moser G, Zeng J, Beleza S, Barsh GS, Tang H, Visscher PM. Inference on the Genetic Basis of Eye and Skin Color in an Admixed Population via Bayesian Linear Mixed Models. Genetics 2017; 206:1113-1126. [PMID: 28381588 PMCID: PMC5499166 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.116.193383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic association studies in admixed populations are underrepresented in the genomics literature, with a key concern for researchers being the adequate control of spurious associations due to population structure. Linear mixed models (LMMs) are well suited for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) because they account for both population stratification and cryptic relatedness and achieve increased statistical power by jointly modeling all genotyped markers. Additionally, Bayesian LMMs allow for more flexible assumptions about the underlying distribution of genetic effects, and can concurrently estimate the proportion of phenotypic variance explained by genetic markers. Using three recently published Bayesian LMMs, Bayes R, BSLMM, and BOLT-LMM, we investigate an existing data set on eye (n = 625) and skin (n = 684) color from Cape Verde, an island nation off West Africa that is home to individuals with a broad range of phenotypic values for eye and skin color due to the mix of West African and European ancestry. We use simulations to demonstrate the utility of Bayesian LMMs for mapping loci and studying the genetic architecture of quantitative traits in admixed populations. The Bayesian LMMs provide evidence for two new pigmentation loci: one for eye color (AHRR) and one for skin color (DDB1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke R Lloyd-Jones
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Matthew R Robinson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Gerhard Moser
- Central Queensland University, Bellbowrie, Brisbane, Queensland 4070, Australia
| | - Jian Zeng
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Sandra Beleza
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory S Barsh
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama 35806
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Hua Tang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Peter M Visscher
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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5897
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5898
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Ko YA, Yi H, Qiu C, Huang S, Park J, Ledo N, Köttgen A, Li H, Rader DJ, Pack MA, Brown CD, Susztak K. Genetic-Variation-Driven Gene-Expression Changes Highlight Genes with Important Functions for Kidney Disease. Am J Hum Genet 2017; 100:940-953. [PMID: 28575649 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a complex gene-environmental disease affecting close to 10% of the US population. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified sequence variants, localized to non-coding genomic regions, associated with kidney function. Despite these robust observations, the mechanism by which variants lead to CKD remains a critical unanswered question. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis is a method to identify genetic variation associated with gene expression changes in specific tissue types. We hypothesized that an integrative analysis combining CKD GWAS and kidney eQTL results can identify candidate genes for CKD. We performed eQTL analysis by correlating genotype with RNA-seq-based gene expression levels in 96 human kidney samples. Applying stringent statistical criteria, we detected 1,886 genes whose expression differs with the sequence variants. Using direct overlap and Bayesian methods, we identified new potential target genes for CKD. With respect to one of the target genes, lysosomal beta A mannosidase (MANBA), we observed that genetic variants associated with MANBA expression in the kidney showed statistically significant colocalization with variants identified in CKD GWASs, indicating that MANBA is a potential target gene for CKD. The expression of MANBA was significantly lower in kidneys of subjects with risk alleles. Suppressing manba expression in zebrafish resulted in renal tubule defects and pericardial edema, phenotypes typically induced by kidney dysfunction. Our analysis shows that gene-expression changes driven by genetic variation in the kidney can highlight potential new target genes for CKD development.
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5899
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Byars SG, Huang QQ, Gray LA, Bakshi A, Ripatti S, Abraham G, Stearns SC, Inouye M. Genetic loci associated with coronary artery disease harbor evidence of selection and antagonistic pleiotropy. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006328. [PMID: 28640878 PMCID: PMC5480811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional genome-wide scans for positive selection have mainly uncovered selective sweeps associated with monogenic traits. While selection on quantitative traits is much more common, very few signals have been detected because of their polygenic nature. We searched for positive selection signals underlying coronary artery disease (CAD) in worldwide populations, using novel approaches to quantify relationships between polygenic selection signals and CAD genetic risk. We identified new candidate adaptive loci that appear to have been directly modified by disease pressures given their significant associations with CAD genetic risk. These candidates were all uniquely and consistently associated with many different male and female reproductive traits suggesting selection may have also targeted these because of their direct effects on fitness. We found that CAD loci are significantly enriched for lifetime reproductive success relative to the rest of the human genome, with evidence that the relationship between CAD and lifetime reproductive success is antagonistic. This supports the presence of antagonistic-pleiotropic tradeoffs on CAD loci and provides a novel explanation for the maintenance and high prevalence of CAD in modern humans. Lastly, we found that positive selection more often targeted CAD gene regulatory variants using HapMap3 lymphoblastoid cell lines, which further highlights the unique biological significance of candidate adaptive loci underlying CAD. Our study provides a novel approach for detecting selection on polygenic traits and evidence that modern human genomes have evolved in response to CAD-induced selection pressures and other early-life traits sharing pleiotropic links with CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean G. Byars
- Centre for Systems Genomics, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Qin Qin Huang
- Centre for Systems Genomics, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lesley-Ann Gray
- Centre for Systems Genomics, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Bakshi
- Centre for Systems Genomics, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute of Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gad Abraham
- Centre for Systems Genomics, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen C. Stearns
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Michael Inouye
- Centre for Systems Genomics, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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5900
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Bidwell LC, Gray JC, Weafer J, Palmer AA, de Wit H, MacKillop J. Genetic influences on ADHD symptom dimensions: Examination of a priori candidates, gene-based tests, genome-wide variation, and SNP heritability. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2017; 174:458-466. [PMID: 28512748 PMCID: PMC5690554 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Although the heritability of ADHD is estimated to be high, identifying specific genetic markers remains challenging. Most studies to date have examined the genetic basis of ADHD by employing dichotomous diagnostic phenotypes, but, as ADHD symptoms tend to be phenotypically dimensional, an alternative and potentially informative approach is to examine continuous indices of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms. The current study aimed to identify genetic effects on dimensionally-focused adult ADHD-related phenotypes in 990 individuals of European ancestry with intentionally low levels of substance misuse to avoid confounding. The study used four complementary approaches: (1) analysis of a priori candidate loci identified in prior meta-analytic work; (2) gene-based analysis; (3) hypothesis-free genome-wide association testing; and (4) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) heritability via genomic-relatedness-matrix restricted maximum likelihood analysis (GREML). The GREML analysis included a bivariate model to test whether the ADHD symptom dimensions index the same genetic liability. The results revealed significant differential associations between two a priori loci and ADHD phenotypes, rs6296 in HTR1B with inattention and rs3746544 in SNAP-25 with hyperactivity-impulsivity. No significant gene-based or genome-wide associations were detected, but SNP heritability revealed that a large portion of genetic variance was accounted for by common SNPs (44%, 55%, and 59% for inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity, and total ADHD, respectively) and substantial shared genetic variance across inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity (86%). These findings reveal both unique and common patterns of genetic influences across dimensional ADHD-related phenotypes. More broadly, these findings reveal the value in using multiple methods to understand the genetic etiology of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cinnamon Bidwell
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Joshua C Gray
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Jessica Weafer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Abraham A Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Harriet de Wit
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - James MacKillop
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University/St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada
- Homewood Research Institute, Homewood Health Centre, Guelph, Canada
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