551
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Viaro HP, da Silva JJ, de Souza Ferranti L, Bordini JG, Massi FP, Fungaro MHP. The first report of A. novoparasiticus , A. arachidicola and A. pseudocaelatus in Brazilian corn kernels. Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 243:46-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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552
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Visagie CM, Yilmaz N, Renaud JB, Sumarah MW, Hubka V, Frisvad JC, Chen AJ, Meijer M, Seifert KA. A survey of xerophilic Aspergillus from indoor environment, including descriptions of two new section Aspergillus species producing eurotium-like sexual states. MycoKeys 2017. [DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.19.11161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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553
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Multilocus Phylogeny and Antifungal Susceptibility of Aspergillus Section Circumdati from Clinical Samples and Description of A. pseudosclerotiorum sp. nov. J Clin Microbiol 2017; 55:947-958. [PMID: 28053212 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02012-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A multilocus phylogenetic study was carried out to assess species identity of a set of 34 clinical isolates from Aspergillus section Circumdati from the United States and to determine their in vitro antifungal susceptibility against eight antifungal drugs. The genetic markers used were the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, and fragments of the beta-tubulin (BenA), calmodulin (CaM), and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) genes. The drugs tested were amphotericin B, itraconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole, anidulafungin, caspofungin, micafungin, and terbinafine. The most common species sampled was A. westerdijkiae (29.4%), followed by a novel species, which was described here as A. pseudosclerotiorum (23.5%). Other species identified were A. sclerotiorum (17.6%), A. ochraceus (8.8%), A. subramanianii (8.8%), and A. insulicola and A. ochraceopetaliformis, with two isolates (5.9%) of each. The drugs that showed the most potent activity were caspofungin, micafungin, and terbinafine, while amphotericin B showed the least activity.
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554
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Zulkifli NA, Zakaria L. Morphological and Molecular Diversity of Aspergillus From Corn Grain Used as Livestock Feed. HAYATI JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hjb.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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555
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Taxonomic Updates with Key Focus on Medically Important Aspergilli. Fungal Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-34106-4_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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556
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Molnar M, Pavić V, Šarkanj B, Čačić M, Vuković D, Klenkar J. Mono- and bis-dipicolinic acid heterocyclic derivatives – thiosemicarbazides, triazoles, oxadiazoles and thiazolidinones as antifungal and antioxidant agents. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/hc-2016-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractA series of dipicolinic acid derivatives was synthesized and investigated for antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. Mono and bis derivatives of ethyl dipicolinate were utilized as starting materials for synthesis of mono- and bis-hydrazides. Thiosemicarbazides were obtained by reaction of hydrazides with isothiocyanates and cyclized into triazoles, thiadiazoles, oxadiazoles and thiazolidinones. Some of these products, especially those incorporating a thiazolidinone moiety in their structure, are excellent antioxidants, DPPH scavengers and antifungal agents.
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557
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Abstract
The genus Aspergillus is among the most abundant and widely distributed organism on earth, and at the moment comprises 339 known species. It is one of the most important economically fungal genus and the biotechnological use of Aspergillus species is related to production of soy sauce, of different hydrolytic enzymes (amylases, lipases) and organic acid (citric acid, gluconic acid), as well as biologically active metabolites such as lovastatin. Although they are not considered to be major cause of plant diseases, Aspergillus species are responsible for several disorders in various plants and plant products, especially as opportunistic storage moulds. The notable consequence of their presence is contamination of foods and feeds by mycotoxins, among which the most important are aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, and, at a less extent, fumonisins. Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2 are the most toxic and carcinogenic mycotoxins, due to their extreme hepatocarcinogenicity; ochratoxin A is a potent nephrotoxin, it is also carcinogenic, teratogenic, and immunotoxic in rats and possibly in humans; fumonisins are hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic with potential carcinogenic effects on rat and mice. In this chapter we summarize the main aspects of morphology, ecology, epidemiology, and toxigenicity of Aspergillus foodborne pathogens which belong to sections Flavi, Circumdati, and Nigri, occurring in several agricultural products and responsible of aflatoxin, ochratoxin A, and fumonisins contamination of food and feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Perrone
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Via Amendola 122/O, Bari, 70126, Italy.
| | - Antonia Gallo
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
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558
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Isolation and identification of toxigenic fungi from infected peanuts and efficacy of silver nanoparticles against them. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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559
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New sterigmatocystin-producing species of Aspergillus section Versicolores from indoor air in Croatia. Mycol Prog 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-016-1250-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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560
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Lee S, Park MS, Lim YW. Diversity of Marine-Derived Aspergillus from Tidal Mudflats and Sea Sand in Korea. MYCOBIOLOGY 2016; 44:237-247. [PMID: 28154481 PMCID: PMC5287156 DOI: 10.5941/myco.2016.44.4.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus (Trichocomaceae, Eurotiales, and Ascomycota) is a genus of well-defined asexual spore-forming fungi that produce valuable compounds such as secondary metabolites and enzymes; however, some species are also responsible for diseases in plants and animals, including humans. To date, 26 Aspergillus species have been reported in Korea, with most species located in terrestrial environments. In our study, Aspergillus species were isolated from mudflats and sea sand along the western and southern coasts of Korea. A total of 84 strains were isolated and identified as 17 Aspergillus species in 11 sections on the basis of both morphological characteristics and sequence analysis of the calmodulin gene (CaM) locus. Commonly isolated species were A. fumigatus (26 strains), A. sydowii (14 strains), and A. terreus (10 strains). The diversity of Aspergillus species isolated from mudflats (13 species) was higher than the diversity of those from sea sand (five species). Four identified species-A. caesiellus, A. montenegroi, A. rhizopodus, and A. tabacinus-are in the first records in Korea. Here, we provide detailed descriptions of the morphological characteristics of these four species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seobihn Lee
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Myung Soo Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Young Woon Lim
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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561
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Rossman AY, Allen WC, Braun U, Castlebury LA, Chaverri P, Crous PW, Hawksworth DL, Hyde KD, Johnston P, Lombard L, Romberg M, Samson RA, Seifert KA, Stone JK, Udayanga D, White JF. Overlooked competing asexual and sexually typified generic names of Ascomycota with recommendations for their use or protection. IMA Fungus 2016; 7:289-308. [PMID: 27990336 PMCID: PMC5159600 DOI: 10.5598/imafungus.2016.07.02.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
With the change to one scientific name for fungal species, numerous papers have been published with recommendations for use or protection of competing generic names in major groups of ascomycetes. Although genera in each group of fungi were carefully considered, some competing generic names were overlooked. This paper makes recommendations for additional competing genera not considered in previous papers. Chairs of relevant Working Groups of the ICTF were consulted in the development of these recommendations. A number of generic names need protection, specifically Amarenographium over Amarenomyces, Amniculicola over Anguillospora, Balansia over Ephelis, Claviceps over Sphacelia, Drepanopeziza over Gloeosporidiella and Gloeosporium, Golovinomyces over Euoidium, Holwaya over Crinium, Hypocrella over Aschersonia, Labridella over Griphosphaerioma, Metacapnodium over Antennularia, and Neonectria over Cylindrocarpon and Heliscus. The following new combinations are made: Amniculicola longissima, Atichia maunauluana, Diaporthe columnaris, D. liquidambaris, D. longiparaphysata, D. palmicola, D. tersa, Elsinoë bucidae, E.caricae, E. choisyae, E. paeoniae, E. psidii, E. zorniae, Eupelte shoemakeri, Godronia myrtilli, G. raduloides, Sarcinella mirabilis, S. pulchra, Schizothyrium jamaicense, and Trichothallus niger. Finally, one new species name, Diaporthe azadirachte, is introduced to validate an earlier name, and the conservation of Discula with a new type, D. destructiva, is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Y Rossman
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - W Cavan Allen
- Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Uwe Braun
- Martin Luther University, Institute of Biology, Department of Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Lisa A Castlebury
- Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Priscila Chaverri
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro San José, Costa Rica
| | - Pedro W Crous
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - David L Hawksworth
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain; Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK; Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK
| | - Kevin D Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Peter Johnston
- Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Lorenzo Lombard
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Megan Romberg
- USDA-APHIS National Identification Services, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Rob A Samson
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Keith A Seifert
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Biodiversity (Mycology and Microbiology), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Jeffrey K Stone
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Dhanushka Udayanga
- Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - James F White
- Department of Plant Biology & Pathology, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Rd., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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562
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Lu YH, Jin LP, Kong LC, Zhang YL. Phytotoxic, Antifungal and Immunosuppressive Metabolites from Aspergillus terreus QT122 Isolated from the Gut of Dragonfly. Curr Microbiol 2016; 74:84-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-016-1157-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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563
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Zhang X, Li Y, Wang H, Gu X, Zheng X, Wang Y, Diao J, Peng Y, Zhang H. Screening and Identification of Novel Ochratoxin A-Producing Fungi from Grapes. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8110333. [PMID: 27845758 PMCID: PMC5127129 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8110333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination has been established as a world-wide problem. In this study, the strains with the ability of OTA production were screened by analyzing the green fluorescence of the isolates colonies from the grapes in Zhenjiang with 365 nm UV light and confirmed by HPLC with fluorescent detection (HPLC-FLD). The results showed that seven isolates acquired the characteristic of the fluorescence, of which only five showed the ability of OTA production as confirmed by HPLC-FLD analysis. The five OTA-producing strains were identified based on comparative sequence analysis of three conserved genes (ITS, BenA and RPB2) of the strains, and they are Talaromyces rugulosus (O1 and Q3), Penicillium commune (V5-1), Penicillium rubens (MQ-5) and Aspergillus aculeatus (MB1-1). There are two Penicillium species of the five OTA-producing strains and our study is the first to report that P. rubens, T. rugulosus and A. aculeatus can produce OTA. This work would contribute to comprehensively understanding the fungi with an OTA-producing ability in grapes before harvest and then take effective measures to prevent OTA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Yulin Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory, Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, 11 Cihu Road, Huangshi 435002, China.
| | - Haiying Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Xiangyu Gu
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 2 Mengxi Road, Zhenjiang 212003, China.
| | - Xiangfeng Zheng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Yun Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Junwei Diao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Yaping Peng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Hongyin Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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564
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Nakamura S, Sato H, Tanaka R, Yaguchi T. Verification of Ribosomal Proteins of Aspergillus fumigatus for Use as Biomarkers in MALDI-TOF MS Identification. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 5:A0049. [PMID: 27843740 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.a0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We have previously proposed a rapid identification method for bacterial strains based on the profiles of their ribosomal subunit proteins (RSPs), observed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). This method can perform phylogenetic characterization based on the mass of housekeeping RSP biomarkers, ideally calculated from amino acid sequence information registered in public protein databases. With the aim of extending its field of application to medical mycology, this study investigates the actual state of information of RSPs of eukaryotic fungi registered in public protein databases through the characterization of ribosomal protein fractions extracted from genome-sequenced Aspergillus fumigatus strains Af293 and A1163 as a model. In this process, we have found that the public protein databases harbor problems. The RSP names are in confusion, so we have provisionally unified them using the yeast naming system. The most serious problem is that many incorrect sequences are registered in the public protein databases. Surprisingly, more than half of the sequences are incorrect, due chiefly to mis-annotation of exon/intron structures. These errors could be corrected by a combination of in silico inspection by sequence homology analysis and MALDI-TOF MS measurements. We were also able to confirm conserved post-translational modifications in eleven RSPs. After these verifications, the masses of 31 expressed RSPs under 20,000 Da could be accurately confirmed. These RSPs have a potential to be useful biomarkers for identifying clinical isolates of A. fumigatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Nakamura
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | - Hiroaki Sato
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST); Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | - Reiko Tanaka
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University
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565
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Abstract
Species belonging to Aspergillus section Cervini are characterised by radiate or short columnar, fawn coloured, uniseriate conidial heads. The morphology of the taxa in this section is very similar and isolates assigned to these species are frequently misidentified. In this study, a polyphasic approach was applied using morphological characters, extrolite data, temperature profiles and partial BenA, CaM and RPB2 sequences to examine the relationships within this section. Based on this taxonomic approach the section Cervini is resolved in ten species including six new species: A. acidohumus, A. christenseniae, A. novoguineensis, A. subnutans, A. transcarpathicus and A. wisconsinensis. A dichotomous key for the identification is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, PR China; CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Varga
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - J C Frisvad
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - X Z Jiang
- R&D Centre, Novozymes China, No. 14, Xinxi Road, Shangdi Zone, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, PR China
| | - R A Samson
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
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566
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Erdem E, Yagmur M, Boral H, Ilkit M, Ersoz R, Seyedmousavi S. Aspergillus flavus Keratitis: Experience of a Tertiary Eye Clinic in Turkey. Mycopathologia 2016; 182:379-385. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-016-0089-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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567
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Ferranti LS, Correa B, Fungaro MHP, Iamanaka BT, Massi FP, Phippen CBW, Frisvad JC, Taniwaki MH. Occurrence and fumonisin B2 producing potential of Aspergillus section Nigri in Brazil nuts. Mycotoxin Res 2016; 33:49-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s12550-016-0262-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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568
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Krappmann S. How to invade a susceptible host: cellular aspects of aspergillosis. Curr Opin Microbiol 2016; 34:136-146. [PMID: 27816786 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diseases caused by Aspergillus spp. and in particular A. fumigatus are manifold and affect individuals suffering from immune dysfunctions, among them immunocompromised ones. The determinants of whether the encounter of a susceptible host with infectious propagules of this filamentous saprobe results in infection have been characterized to a limited extent. Several cellular characteristics of A. fumigatus that have evolved in its natural environment contribute to its virulence, among them general traits as well as particular ones that affect interaction with the mammalian host. Among the latter, conidial constituents, cell wall components, secreted proteins as well as extrolites shape the tight interaction of A. fumigatus with the host milieu and also contribute to evasion from immune surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Krappmann
- Institute of Microbiology - Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Wasserturmstr. 3/5, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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569
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Geremew T, Abate D, Landschoot S, Haesaert G, Audenaert K. Occurrence of toxigenic fungi and ochratoxin A in Ethiopian coffee for local consumption. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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570
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Mahmoud MA, Abd-El-Aziz AR, Al-Othman MR. Molecular and biochemical taxonomic tools for the identification and classification of plant-pathogenic Penicilliumspecies. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2016.1228480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Mahmoud
- Mycology and Plant Diseases Survey Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center , Giza, Egypt
| | - Abeer R.M. Abd-El-Aziz
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Monira R. Al-Othman
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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571
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Molecular screening of xerophilic Aspergillus strains producing mycophenolic acid. Fungal Biol 2016; 121:103-111. [PMID: 28089042 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is the fungal secondary metabolite displaying several biological properties. Up to now, screening of fungal strains producing MPA has mainly been the result of the search of this molecule in their culture medium by chemical methods. Here we developed a molecular approach by targeting the expression level of the MpaC gene encoding the polyketide synthase, one of the key enzymes involved in the MPA synthesis. Thirty xerophilic Aspergillus strains were identified using the RNA polymerase II subunit and the β-tubulin genes. Seven Aspergillus species were evidenced. The expression level of the MpaC gene was quantified and compared to the MPA production rate. Only Aspergillus pseudoglaucus and all the eight strains of this species produced MPA. While the MpaC gene was not expressed or weakly expressed in the MPA non-producing strains, all the A. pseudoglaucus strains presented a high level of expression of this gene. The highest expression level of the MpaC gene among the MPA non-producing strains was significantly lower than the lowest expression level of this gene in the MPA producing strains. To our knowledge, this is the first study that demonstrates the effectiveness of molecular approach for the screening of MPA-producing species.
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572
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Diaz PI, Hong BY, Dupuy AK, Strausbaugh LD. Mining the oral mycobiome: Methods, components, and meaning. Virulence 2016; 8:313-323. [PMID: 27791473 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2016.1252015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on oral fungi has centered on Candida. However, recent internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-based studies revealed a vast number of fungal taxa as potential oral residents. We review DNA-based studies of the oral mycobiome and contrast them with cultivation-based surveys, showing that most genera encountered by cultivation have also been detected molecularly. Some taxa such as Malassezia, however, appear in high prevalence and abundance in molecular studies but have not been cultivated. Important technical and bioinformatic challenges to ITS-based oral mycobiome studies are discussed. These include optimization of sample lysis, variability in length of ITS amplicons, high intra-species ITS sequence variability, high inter-species variability in ITS copy number and challenges in nomenclature and maintenance of curated reference databases. Molecular surveys are powerful first steps to characterize the oral mycobiome but further research is needed to unravel which fungi detected by DNA are true oral residents and what role they play in oral homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia I Diaz
- a Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences , School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health , Farmington , CT , USA
| | - Bo-Young Hong
- a Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences , School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health , Farmington , CT , USA
| | - Amanda K Dupuy
- b Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut , Storrs , CT , USA
| | - Linda D Strausbaugh
- b Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut , Storrs , CT , USA
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573
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Lamboni Y, Nielsen KF, Linnemann AR, Gezgin Y, Hell K, Nout MJR, Smid EJ, Tamo M, van Boekel MAJS, Hoof JB, Frisvad JC. Diversity in Secondary Metabolites Including Mycotoxins from Strains of Aspergillus Section Nigri Isolated from Raw Cashew Nuts from Benin, West Africa. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164310. [PMID: 27768708 PMCID: PMC5074577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, raw cashew kernels were assayed for the fungal contamination focusing on strains belonging to the genus Aspergillus and on aflatoxins producers. These samples showed high contamination with Aspergillus section Nigri species and absence of aflatoxins. To investigate the diversity of secondary metabolites, including mycotoxins, the species of A. section Nigri may produce and thus threaten to contaminate the raw cashew kernels, 150 strains were isolated from cashew samples and assayed for their production of secondary metabolites using liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Seven species of black Aspergilli were isolated based on morphological and chemical identification: A. tubingensis (44%), A. niger (32%), A. brasiliensis (10%), A. carbonarius (8.7%), A. luchuensis (2.7%), A. aculeatus (2%) and A. aculeatinus (0.7%). From these, 45 metabolites and their isomers were identified. Aurasperone and pyranonigrin A, produced by all species excluding A. aculeatus and A. aculeatinus, were most prevalent and were encountered in 146 (97.3%) and 145 (95.7%) isolates, respectively. Three mycotoxins groups were detected: fumonisins (B2 and B4) (2.7%) ochratoxin A (13.3%), and secalonic acids (2%), indicating that these mycotoxins could occur in raw cashew nuts. Thirty strains of black Aspergilli were randomly sampled for verification of species identity based on sequences of β-tubulin and calmodulin genes. Among them, 27 isolates were positive to the primers used and 11 were identified as A. niger, 7 as A. tubingensis, 6 as A. carbonarius, 2 as A. luchuensis and 1 as A. welwitschiae confirming the species names as based on morphology and chemical features. These strains clustered in 5 clades in A. section Nigri. Chemical profile clustering also showed also 5 groups confirming the species specific metabolites production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yendouban Lamboni
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Cotonou, Benin
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kristian F. Nielsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Anita R. Linnemann
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yüksel Gezgin
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Bioengineering, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Kerstin Hell
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Martinus J. R. Nout
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eddy J. Smid
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Manuele Tamo
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Cotonou, Benin
| | | | - Jakob Blæsbjerg Hoof
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jens Christian Frisvad
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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574
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Chen AJ, Frisvad JC, Sun BD, Varga J, Kocsubé S, Dijksterhuis J, Kim DH, Hong SB, Houbraken J, Samson RA. Aspergillus section Nidulantes (formerly Emericella): Polyphasic taxonomy, chemistry and biology. Stud Mycol 2016; 84:1-118. [PMID: 28050053 PMCID: PMC5198626 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus section Nidulantes includes species with striking morphological characters, such as biseriate conidiophores with brown-pigmented stipes, and if present, the production of ascomata embedded in masses of Hülle cells with often reddish brown ascospores. The majority of species in this section have a sexual state, which were named Emericella in the dual name nomenclature system. In the present study, strains belonging to subgenus Nidulantes were subjected to multilocus molecular phylogenetic analyses using internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), partial β-tubulin (BenA), calmodulin (CaM) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) sequences. Nine sections are accepted in subgenus Nidulantes including the new section Cavernicolus. A polyphasic approach using morphological characters, extrolites, physiological characters and phylogeny was applied to investigate the taxonomy of section Nidulantes. Based on this approach, section Nidulantes is subdivided in seven clades and 65 species, and 10 species are described here as new. Morphological characters including colour, shape, size, and ornamentation of ascospores, shape and size of conidia and vesicles, growth temperatures are important for identifying species. Many species of section Nidulantes produce the carcinogenic mycotoxin sterigmatocystin. The most important mycotoxins in Aspergillus section Nidulantes are aflatoxins, sterigmatocystin, emestrin, fumitremorgins, asteltoxins, and paxillin while other extrolites are useful drugs or drug lead candidates such as echinocandins, mulundocandins, calbistrins, varitriols, variecolins and terrain. Aflatoxin B1 is produced by four species: A. astellatus, A. miraensis, A. olivicola, and A. venezuelensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, PR China; CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J C Frisvad
- Department of Systems Biology, Søltofts Plads B. 221, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - B D Sun
- China General Microbiological Culture Collection Centre, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - J Varga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - S Kocsubé
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - J Dijksterhuis
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - D H Kim
- Division of Forest Environment Protection, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - S-B Hong
- Korean Agricultural Culture Collection, National Institute of Agricultural Science, 166, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - J Houbraken
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R A Samson
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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575
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Arzanlou M, Samadi R, Frisvad JC, Houbraken J, Ghosta Y. Two novel Aspergillus species from hypersaline soils of The National Park of Lake Urmia, Iran. Mycol Prog 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-016-1230-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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576
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Yang Y, Chen M, Li Z, Al-Hatmi AMS, de Hoog S, Pan W, Ye Q, Bo X, Li Z, Wang S, Wang J, Chen H, Liao W. Genome Sequencing and Comparative Genomics Analysis Revealed Pathogenic Potential in Penicillium capsulatum as a Novel Fungal Pathogen Belonging to Eurotiales. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1541. [PMID: 27761131 PMCID: PMC5051111 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Penicillium capsulatum is a rare Penicillium species used in paper manufacturing, but recently it has been reported to cause invasive infection. To research the pathogenicity of the clinical Penicillium strain, we sequenced the genomes and transcriptomes of the clinical and environmental strains of P. capsulatum. Comparative analyses of these two P. capsulatum strains and close related strains belonging to Eurotiales were performed. The assembled genome sizes of P. capsulatum are approximately 34.4 Mbp in length and encode 11,080 predicted genes. The different isolates of P. capsulatum are highly similar, with the exception of several unique genes, INDELs or SNPs in the genes coding for glycosyl hydrolases, amino acid transporters and circumsporozoite protein. A phylogenomic analysis was performed based on the whole genome data of 38 strains belonging to Eurotiales. By comparing the whole genome sequences and the virulence-related genes from 20 important related species, including fungal pathogens and non-human pathogens belonging to Eurotiales, we found meaningful pathogenicity characteristics between P. capsulatum and its closely related species. Our research indicated that P. capsulatum may be a neglected opportunistic pathogen. This study is beneficial for mycologists, geneticists and epidemiologists to achieve a deeper understanding of the genetic basis of the role of P. capsulatum as a newly reported fungal pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Beijing Institute of BiotechnologyBeijing, China; Beijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijing, China; National Institutes for Food and Drug ControlBeijing, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Shanghai Changzheng HospitalShanghai, China; CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity CentreUtrecht, Netherlands; Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Zongwei Li
- Center for Hospital Infection Control, Chinese PLA Institute for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing, China
| | - Abdullah M S Al-Hatmi
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity CentreUtrecht, Netherlands; Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands; Directorate General of Health Services, Ibri Hospital, Ministry of HealthIbri, Oman
| | - Sybren de Hoog
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity CentreUtrecht, Netherlands; Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Weihua Pan
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Ye
- National Institutes for Food and Drug ControlBeijing, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech ProductsBeijing, China
| | - Xiaochen Bo
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine Beijing, China
| | - Shengqi Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine Beijing, China
| | - Junzhi Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control Beijing, China
| | - Huipeng Chen
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology Beijing, China
| | - Wanqing Liao
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital Shanghai, China
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577
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Hyde KD, Hongsanan S, Jeewon R, Bhat DJ, McKenzie EHC, Jones EBG, Phookamsak R, Ariyawansa HA, Boonmee S, Zhao Q, Abdel-Aziz FA, Abdel-Wahab MA, Banmai S, Chomnunti P, Cui BK, Daranagama DA, Das K, Dayarathne MC, de Silva NI, Dissanayake AJ, Doilom M, Ekanayaka AH, Gibertoni TB, Góes-Neto A, Huang SK, Jayasiri SC, Jayawardena RS, Konta S, Lee HB, Li WJ, Lin CG, Liu JK, Lu YZ, Luo ZL, Manawasinghe IS, Manimohan P, Mapook A, Niskanen T, Norphanphoun C, Papizadeh M, Perera RH, Phukhamsakda C, Richter C, de A. Santiago ALCM, Drechsler-Santos ER, Senanayake IC, Tanaka K, Tennakoon TMDS, Thambugala KM, Tian Q, Tibpromma S, Thongbai B, Vizzini A, Wanasinghe DN, Wijayawardene NN, Wu HX, Yang J, Zeng XY, Zhang H, Zhang JF, Bulgakov TS, Camporesi E, Bahkali AH, Amoozegar MA, Araujo-Neta LS, Ammirati JF, Baghela A, Bhatt RP, Bojantchev D, Buyck B, da Silva GA, de Lima CLF, de Oliveira RJV, de Souza CAF, Dai YC, Dima B, Duong TT, Ercole E, Mafalda-Freire F, Ghosh A, Hashimoto A, Kamolhan S, Kang JC, Karunarathna SC, Kirk PM, Kytövuori I, Lantieri A, Liimatainen K, Liu ZY, Liu XZ, Lücking R, Medardi G, Mortimer PE, Nguyen TTT, Promputtha I, Raj KNA, Reck MA, Lumyong S, Shahzadeh-Fazeli SA, Stadler M, Soudi MR, Su HY, Takahashi T, Tangthirasunun N, Uniyal P, Wang Y, Wen TC, Xu JC, Zhang ZK, Zhao YC, Zhou JL, Zhu L. Fungal diversity notes 367–490: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa. FUNGAL DIVERS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-016-0373-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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578
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Abarenkov K, Adams RI, Laszlo I, Agan A, Ambrosio E, Antonelli A, Bahram M, Bengtsson-Palme J, Bok G, Cangren P, Coimbra V, Coleine C, Gustafsson C, He J, Hofmann T, Kristiansson E, Larsson E, Larsson T, Liu Y, Martinsson S, Meyer W, Panova M, Pombubpa N, Ritter C, Ryberg M, Svantesson S, Scharn R, Svensson O, Töpel M, Unterseher M, Visagie C, Wurzbacher C, Taylor AF, Kõljalg U, Schriml L, Nilsson RH. Annotating public fungal ITS sequences from the built environment according to the MIxS-Built Environment standard – a report from a May 23-24, 2016 workshop (Gothenburg, Sweden). MycoKeys 2016. [DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.16.10000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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579
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Hagiwara D, Watanabe A, Kamei K, Goldman GH. Epidemiological and Genomic Landscape of Azole Resistance Mechanisms in Aspergillus Fungi. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1382. [PMID: 27708619 PMCID: PMC5030247 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive aspergillosis is a life-threatening mycosis caused by the pathogenic fungus Aspergillus. The predominant causal species is Aspergillus fumigatus, and azole drugs are the treatment of choice. Azole drugs approved for clinical use include itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, and the recently added isavuconazole. However, epidemiological research has indicated that the prevalence of azole-resistant A. fumigatus isolates has increased significantly over the last decade. What is worse is that azole-resistant strains are likely to have emerged not only in response to long-term drug treatment but also because of exposure to azole fungicides in the environment. Resistance mechanisms include amino acid substitutions in the target Cyp51A protein, tandem repeat sequence insertions at the cyp51A promoter, and overexpression of the ABC transporter Cdr1B. Environmental azole-resistant strains harboring the association of a tandem repeat sequence and punctual mutation of the Cyp51A gene (TR34/L98H and TR46/Y121F/T289A) have become widely disseminated across the world within a short time period. The epidemiological data also suggests that the number of Aspergillus spp. other than A. fumigatus isolated has risen. Some non-fumigatus species intrinsically show low susceptibility to azole drugs, imposing the need for accurate identification, and drug susceptibility testing in most clinical cases. Currently, our knowledge of azole resistance mechanisms in non-fumigatus Aspergillus species such as A. flavus, A. niger, A. tubingensis, A. terreus, A. fischeri, A. lentulus, A. udagawae, and A. calidoustus is limited. In this review, we present recent advances in our understanding of azole resistance mechanisms particularly in A. fumigatus. We then provide an overview of the genome sequences of non-fumigatus species, focusing on the proteins related to azole resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Kamei
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University Chiba, Japan
| | - Gustavo H Goldman
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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580
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Discrimination of Aspergillosis, Mucormycosis, Fusariosis, and Scedosporiosis in Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissue Specimens by Use of Multiple Real-Time Quantitative PCR Assays. J Clin Microbiol 2016; 54:2798-2803. [PMID: 27605714 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01185-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In a retrospective multicenter study, 102 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue specimens with histopathology results were tested. Two 4- to 5-μm FFPE tissue sections from each specimen were digested with proteinase K, followed by automated nucleic acid extraction. Multiple real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays targeting the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region of ribosomal DNA, using fluorescently labeled primers, was performed to identify clinically important genera and species of Aspergillus, Fusarium, Scedosporium, and the Mucormycetes The molecular identification was correlated with results from histological examination. One of the main findings of our study was the high sensitivity of the automated DNA extraction method, which was estimated to be 94%. The qPCR procedure that was evaluated identified a range of fungal genera/species, including Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Scedosporium apiospermum, Rhizopus oryzae, Rhizopus microsporus, Mucor spp., and Syncephalastrum Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani DNA was amplified from five specimens from patients initially diagnosed by histopathology as having aspergillosis. Aspergillus flavus, S. apiospermum, and Syncephalastrum were detected from histopathological mucormycosis samples. In addition, examination of four samples from patients suspected of having concomitant aspergillosis and mucormycosis infections resulted in the identification of two A. flavus isolates, one Mucor isolate, and only one sample having both R. oryzae and A. flavus Our results indicate that histopathological features of molds may be easily confused in tissue sections. The qPCR assay used in this study is a reliable tool for the rapid and accurate identification of fungal pathogens to the genus and species levels directly from FFPE tissues.
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581
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Kocsubé S, Perrone G, Magistà D, Houbraken J, Varga J, Szigeti G, Hubka V, Hong SB, Frisvad J, Samson R. Aspergillus is monophyletic: Evidence from multiple gene phylogenies and extrolites profiles. Stud Mycol 2016; 85:199-213. [PMID: 28082760 PMCID: PMC5220211 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus is one of the economically most important fungal genera. Recently, the ICN adopted the single name nomenclature which has forced mycologists to choose one name for fungi (e.g. Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, etc.). Previously two proposals for the single name nomenclature in Aspergillus were presented: one attributes the name "Aspergillus" to clades comprising seven different teleomorphic names, by supporting the monophyly of this genus; the other proposes that Aspergillus is a non-monophyletic genus, by preserving the Aspergillus name only to species belonging to subgenus Circumdati and maintaining the sexual names in the other clades. The aim of our study was to test the monophyly of Aspergilli by two independent phylogenetic analyses using a multilocus phylogenetic approach. One test was run on the publicly available coding regions of six genes (RPB1, RPB2, Tsr1, Cct8, BenA, CaM), using 96 species of Penicillium, Aspergillus and related taxa. Bayesian (MrBayes) and Ultrafast Maximum Likelihood (IQ-Tree) and Rapid Maximum Likelihood (RaxML) analyses gave the same conclusion highly supporting the monophyly of Aspergillus. The other analyses were also performed by using publicly available data of the coding sequences of nine loci (18S rRNA, 5,8S rRNA, 28S rRNA (D1-D2), RPB1, RPB2, CaM, BenA, Tsr1, Cct8) of 204 different species. Both Bayesian (MrBayes) and Maximum Likelihood (RAxML) trees obtained by this second round of independent analyses strongly supported the monophyly of the genus Aspergillus. The stability test also confirmed the robustness of the results obtained. In conclusion, statistical analyses have rejected the hypothesis that the Aspergilli are non-monophyletic, and provided robust arguments that the genus is monophyletic and clearly separated from the monophyletic genus Penicillium. There is no phylogenetic evidence to split Aspergillus into several genera and the name Aspergillus can be used for all the species belonging to Aspergillus i.e. the clade comprising the subgenera Aspergillus, Circumdati, Fumigati, Nidulantes, section Cremei and certain species which were formerly part of the genera Phialosimplex and Polypaecilum. Section Cremei and the clade containing Polypaecilum and Phialosimplex are proposed as new subgenera of Aspergillus. The phylogenetic analysis also clearly shows that Aspergillus clavatoflavus and A. zonatus do not belong to the genus Aspergillus. Aspergillus clavatoflavus is therefore transferred to a new genus Aspergillago as Aspergillago clavatoflavus and A. zonatus was transferred to Penicilliopsis as P. zonata. The subgenera of Aspergillus share similar extrolite profiles indicating that the genus is one large genus from a chemotaxonomical point of view. Morphological and ecophysiological characteristics of the species also strongly indicate that Aspergillus is a polythetic class in phenotypic characters.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Kocsubé
- Dept. of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - G. Perrone
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| | - D. Magistà
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| | - J. Houbraken
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J. Varga
- Dept. of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - G. Szigeti
- Dept. of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - V. Hubka
- Department of Botany, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - S.-B. Hong
- Korean Agricultural Culture Collection, National Institute of Agricultural Science, 166, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - J.C. Frisvad
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - R.A. Samson
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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582
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Volke-Sepulveda T, Salgado-Bautista D, Bergmann C, Wells L, Gutierrez-Sanchez G, Favela-Torres E. Secretomic Insight into Glucose Metabolism of Aspergillus brasiliensis in Solid-State Fermentation. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:3856-3871. [PMID: 27548361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The genus Aspergillus is ubiquitous in nature and includes various species extensively exploited industrially due to their ability to produce and secrete a variety of enzymes and metabolites. Most processes are performed in submerged fermentation (SmF); however, solid-state fermentation (SSF) offers several advantages, including lower catabolite repression and substrate inhibition and higher productivity and stability of the enzymes produced. This study aimed to explain the improved metabolic behavior of A. brasiliensis ATCC9642 in SSF at high glucose concentrations through a proteomic approach. Online respirometric analysis provided reproducible samples for secretomic studies when the maximum CO2 production rate occurred, ensuring consistent physiological states. Extracellular extracts from SSF cultures were treated by SDS-PAGE, digested with trypsin, and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Of 531 sequences identified, 207 proteins were analyzed. Twenty-five were identified as the most abundant unregulated proteins; 87 were found to be up-regulated and 95 were down-regulated with increasing glucose concentration. Of the regulated proteins, 120 were enzymes, most involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates (51), amino acids (23), and nucleotides (9). This study shows the high protein secretory activity of A. brasiliensis under SSF conditions. High glucose concentration favors catabolic activities, while some stress-related proteins and those involved in proteolysis are down-regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Volke-Sepulveda
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa , San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Distrito Federal, C.P. 09340, México
| | - Daniel Salgado-Bautista
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa , San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Distrito Federal, C.P. 09340, México
| | - Carl Bergmann
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center , 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30605, United States
| | - Lance Wells
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center , 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30605, United States
| | | | - Ernesto Favela-Torres
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa , San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Distrito Federal, C.P. 09340, México
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583
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Despot DJ, Kocsubé S, Bencsik O, Kecskeméti A, Szekeres A, Vágvölgyi C, Varga J, Klarić MŠ. Species diversity and cytotoxic potency of airborne sterigmatocystin-producing Aspergilli from the section Versicolores. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 562:296-304. [PMID: 27100010 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the distribution and species diversity of sterigmatocystin-producing Aspergilli from the section Versicolores in the indoor air of apartment-AP, basements-BS and grain mill-GM in Croatia, as well as the cytotoxic potency of isolates. The species comprised 0.7-20% of total airborne fungi detected in the AP, 11-55% in the BS, and 0-2% in the GM. Based on CaM sequences, seven species were identified; dominant were Aspergillus jensenii and Aspergillus creber, followed by Aspergillus protuberus, Aspergillus venenatus, Aspergillus tennesseensis, Aspergillus amoenus, Aspergillus griseoaurantiacus and three undescribed species. All of the identified species produced sterigmatocystin-STC (HPLC/UV-VIS); A. griseoaurantiacus (208.29μg/mL) and A. jensenii (1.192-133.63μg/mL) produced the highest levels, the lowest were detected in A. protuberus and A. tennesseensis (0.117-2.749μg/mL). Lower species diversity was obtained in the GM due to overgrowth with more propulsive fungi. Relatively high STC levels (0.06-2.35μg/g) detected in 52% of GM dust samples confirmed the presence of STC-producers, although this STC cannot be exclusively attributed to Aspergilli (Versicolores). STC and the majority of STC-producing Aspergilli were cytotoxic to human lung A549 cells (IC50 0.9-2.3μg/mL) and THP-1 macrophage-like cells (IC50 0.3-0.6μg/mL) in relatively low concentrations suggesting that humans can be at high risk during chronic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Jakšić Despot
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Schrottova 39, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sandor Kocsubé
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Hungary
| | - Ottó Bencsik
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Hungary
| | - Anita Kecskeméti
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Hungary
| | - András Szekeres
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Hungary
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Hungary
| | - Janos Varga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Hungary
| | - Maja Šegvić Klarić
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Schrottova 39, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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584
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Taniwaki MH, Frisvad JC, Ferranti LS, de Souza Lopes A, Larsen TO, Fungaro MHP, Iamanaka BT. Biodiversity of mycobiota throughout the Brazil nut supply chain: From rainforest to consumer. Food Microbiol 2016; 61:14-22. [PMID: 27697164 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A total of 172 Brazil nut samples (114 in shell and 58 shelled) from the Amazon rainforest region and São Paulo state, Brazil was collected at different stages of the Brazil nut production chain: rainforest, street markets, processing plants and supermarkets. The mycobiota of the Brazil nut samples were evaluated and also compared in relation to water activity. A huge diversity of Aspergillus and Penicillium species were found, besides Eurotium spp., Zygomycetes and dematiaceous fungi. A polyphasic approach using morphological and physiological characteristics, as well as molecular and extrolite profiles, were studied to distinguish species among the more important toxigenic ones in Aspergillus section Flavi and A. section Nigri. Several metabolites and toxins were found in these two sections. Ochratoxin A (OTA) was found in 3% of A. niger and 100% of A. carbonarius. Production of aflatoxins B and G were found in all isolates of A. arachidicola, A. bombycis, A. nomius, A. pseudocaelatus and A. pseudonomius, while aflatoxin B was found in 38% of A. flavus and all isolates of A. pseudotamarii. Cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) was found in A. bertholletius (94%), A. tamarii (100%), A. caelatus (54%) and A. flavus (41%). Tenuazonic acid, a toxin commonly found in Alternaria species was produced by A. bertholletius (47%), A. caelatus (77%), A. nomius (55%), A. pseudonomius (75%), A. arachidicola (50%) and A. bombycis (100%). This work shows the changes of Brazil nut mycobiota and the potential of mycotoxin production from rainforest to consumer, considering the different environments which exist until the nuts are consumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta H Taniwaki
- Instituto de Tecnologia de Alimentos - ITAL, C.P. 139, CEP 13070-178, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Jens C Frisvad
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Larissa S Ferranti
- Instituto de Tecnologia de Alimentos - ITAL, C.P. 139, CEP 13070-178, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline de Souza Lopes
- Instituto de Tecnologia de Alimentos - ITAL, C.P. 139, CEP 13070-178, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Thomas O Larsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Beatriz T Iamanaka
- Instituto de Tecnologia de Alimentos - ITAL, C.P. 139, CEP 13070-178, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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585
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Hüttel W, Youssar L, Grüning BA, Günther S, Hugentobler KG. Echinocandin B biosynthesis: a biosynthetic cluster from Aspergillus nidulans NRRL 8112 and reassembly of the subclusters Ecd and Hty from Aspergillus pachycristatus NRRL 11440 reveals a single coherent gene cluster. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:570. [PMID: 27502607 PMCID: PMC4977696 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2885-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Echinocandins are nonribosomal lipopeptides produced by ascommycete fungi. Due to their strong inhibitory effect on fungal cell wall biosynthesis and lack of human toxicity, they have been developed to an important class of antifungal drugs. Since 2012, the biosynthetic gene clusters of most of the main echinocandin variants have been characterized. Especially the comparison of the clusters allows a deeper insight for the biosynthesis of these complex structures. Results In the genome of the echinocandin B producer Aspergillus nidulans NRRL 8112 we have identified a gene cluster (Ani) that encodes echinocandin biosynthesis. Sequence analyses showed that Ani is clearly delimited from the genomic context and forms a monophyletic lineage with the other echinocandin gene clusters. Importantly, we found that the disjunct genomic location of the echinocandin B gene cluster in A. pachycristatus NRRL 11440 on two separate subclusters, Ecd and Hty, at two loci was likely an artifact of genome misassembly in the absence of a reference sequence. We show that both sequences can be aligned resulting a single cluster with a gene arrangement collinear compared to other clusters of Aspergillus section Nidulantes. The reassembled gene cluster (Ecd/Hty) is identical to a putative gene cluster (AE) that was previously deposited at the NCBI as a sequence from A. delacroxii NRRL 3860. PCR amplification of a part of the gene cluster resulted a sequence that was very similar (97 % identity), but not identical to that of AE. Conclusions The Echinocandin B biosynthetic cluster from A. nidulans NRRL 8112 (Ani) is particularly similar to that of A. pachycristatus NRRL 11440 (Ecd/Hty). Ecd/Hty was originally reported as two disjunct sub-clusters Ecd and Hty, but is in fact a continuous sequence with the same gene order as in Ani. According to sequences of PCR products amplified from genomic DNA, the echinocandin B producer A. delacroxii NRRL 3860 is closely related to A. pachycristatus NRRL 11440. A PCR-product from the gene cluster was very similar, but clearly distinct from the sequence published for A. delacroxii NRRL 3860 at the NCBI (No. AB720074). As the NCBI entry is virtually identical with the re-assembled Ecd/Hty cluster, it is likely that it originates from A. pachycristatus NRRL 11440 rather than A. delacroxii NRRL 3860. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2885-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Hüttel
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 25, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Loubna Youssar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 25, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Present address: Institute for Environmental Health Sciences and Hospital Infection Control Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 115b, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Björn A Grüning
- Pharmaceutical Bioinformatics, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 9, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Present address: Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 106, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- Pharmaceutical Bioinformatics, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 9, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina G Hugentobler
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 25, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
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586
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Abstract
The direct detection of Aspergillus nucleic acid in clinical specimens has the potential to improve the diagnosis of aspergillosis by offering more rapid and sensitive identification of invasive infections than is possible with traditional techniques, such as culture or histopathology. Molecular tests for Aspergillus have been limited historically by lack of standardization and variable sensitivities and specificities. Recent efforts have been directed at addressing these limitations and optimizing assay performance using a variety of specimen types. This review provides a summary of standardization efforts and outlines the complexities of molecular testing for Aspergillus in clinical mycology.
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587
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Lee S, An C, Xu S, Lee S, Yamamoto N. High-throughput sequencing reveals unprecedented diversities of Aspergillus species in outdoor air. Lett Appl Microbiol 2016; 63:165-71. [PMID: 27333577 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study used the Illumina MiSeq to analyse compositions and diversities of Aspergillus species in outdoor air. The seasonal air samplings were performed at two locations in Seoul, South Korea. The results showed the relative abundances of all Aspergillus species combined ranging from 0·20 to 18% and from 0·19 to 21% based on the number of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) and β-tubulin (BenA) gene sequences respectively. Aspergillus fumigatus was the most dominant species with the mean relative abundances of 1·2 and 5·5% based on the number of the ITS1 and BenA sequences respectively. A total of 29 Aspergillus species were detected and identified down to the species rank, among which nine species were known opportunistic pathogens. Remarkably, eight of the nine pathogenic species were detected by either one of the two markers, suggesting the need of using multiple markers and/or primer pairs when the assessments are made based on the high-throughput sequencing. Due to diversity of species within the genus Aspergillus, the high-throughput sequencing was useful to characterize their compositions and diversities in outdoor air, which are thought to be difficult to be accurately characterized by conventional culture and/or Sanger sequencing-based techniques. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Aspergillus is a diverse genus of fungi with more than 300 species reported in literature. Aspergillus is important since some species are known allergens and opportunistic human pathogens. Traditionally, growth-dependent methods have been used to detect Aspergillus species in air. However, these methods are limited in the number of isolates that can be analysed for their identities, resulting in inaccurate characterizations of Aspergillus diversities. This study used the high-throughput sequencing to explore Aspergillus diversities in outdoor, which are thought to be difficult to be accurately characterized by traditional growth-dependent techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lee
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - C An
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S Xu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S Lee
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - N Yamamoto
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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588
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Identification by Molecular Methods and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry and Antifungal Susceptibility Profiles of Clinically Significant Rare Aspergillus Species in a Referral Chest Hospital in Delhi, India. J Clin Microbiol 2016; 54:2354-64. [PMID: 27413188 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00962-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus species cause a wide spectrum of clinical infections. Although Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus remain the most commonly isolated species in aspergillosis, in the last decade, rare and cryptic Aspergillus species have emerged in diverse clinical settings. The present study analyzed the distribution and in vitro antifungal susceptibility profiles of rare Aspergillus species in clinical samples from patients with suspected aspergillosis in 8 medical centers in India. Further, a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry in-house database was developed to identify these clinically relevant Aspergillus species. β-Tubulin and calmodulin gene sequencing identified 45 rare Aspergillus isolates to the species level, except for a solitary isolate. They included 23 less common Aspergillus species belonging to 12 sections, mainly in Circumdati, Nidulantes, Flavi, Terrei, Versicolores, Aspergillus, and Nigri Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) identified only 8 (38%) of the 23 rare Aspergillus isolates to the species level. Following the creation of an in-house database with the remaining 14 species not available in the Bruker database, the MALDI-TOF MS identification rate increased to 95%. Overall, high MICs of ≥2 μg/ml were noted for amphotericin B in 29% of the rare Aspergillus species, followed by voriconazole in 20% and isavuconazole in 7%, whereas MICs of >0.5 μg/ml for posaconazole were observed in 15% of the isolates. Regarding the clinical diagnoses in 45 patients with positive rare Aspergillus species cultures, 19 (42%) were regarded to represent colonization. In the remaining 26 patients, rare Aspergillus species were the etiologic agent of invasive, chronic, and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, allergic fungal rhinosinusitis, keratitis, and mycetoma.
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589
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DNA barcoding for identification of consumer-relevant mushrooms: A partial solution for product certification? Food Chem 2016; 214:383-392. [PMID: 27507489 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
One challenge in the dietary supplement industry is confirmation of species identity for processed raw materials, i.e. those modified by milling, drying, or extraction, which move through a multilevel supply chain before reaching the finished product. This is particularly difficult for samples containing fungal mycelia, where processing removes morphological characteristics, such that they do not present sufficient variation to differentiate species by traditional techniques. To address this issue, we have demonstrated the utility of DNA barcoding to verify the taxonomic identity of fungi found commonly in the food and dietary supplement industry; such data are critical for protecting consumer health, by assuring both safety and quality. By using DNA barcoding of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the rRNA gene with fungal specific ITS primers, ITS barcodes were generated for 33 representative fungal samples, all of which could be used by consumers for food and/or dietary supplement purposes. In the majority of cases, we were able to sequence the ITS region from powdered mycelium samples, grocery store mushrooms, and capsules from commercial dietary supplements. After generating ITS barcodes utilizing standard procedures accepted by the Consortium for the Barcode of Life, we tested their utility by performing a BLAST search against authenticate published ITS sequences in GenBank. In some cases, we also downloaded published, homologous sequences of the ITS region of fungi inspected in this study and examined the phylogenetic relationships of barcoded fungal species in light of modern taxonomic and phylogenetic studies. We anticipate that these data will motivate discussions on DNA barcoding based species identification as applied to the verification/certification of mushroom-containing dietary supplements.
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590
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Duff LB, Urichuk TM, Hodgins LN, Young JR, Untereiner WA. Diversity of fungi from the mound nests ofFormica ulkeiand adjacent non-nest soils. Can J Microbiol 2016; 62:562-71. [DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2015-0628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Culture-based methods were employed to recover 3929 isolates of fungi from soils collected in May and July 2014 from mound nests of Formica ulkei and adjacent non-nest sites. The abundance, diversity, and richness of species from nest mounds exceeded those of non-mound soils, particularly in July. Communities of fungi from mounds were more similar to those from mounds than non-mounds; this was also the case for non-mound soils with the exception of one non-mound site in July. Species of Aspergillus, Paecilomyces, and Penicillium were dominant in nest soils and represented up to 81.8% of the taxa recovered. Members of the genus Aspergillus accounted for the majority of Trichocomaceae from nests and were represented almost exclusively by Aspergillus navahoensis and Aspergillus pseudodeflectus. Dominant fungi from non-mound sites included Cladosporium cladosporioides, Geomyces pannorum, and species of Acremonium, Fusarium, Penicillium, and Phoma. Although mound nests were warmer than adjacent soils, the dominance of xerotolerant Aspergillus in soils from mounds and the isolation of the majority of Trichocomaceae at 25 and 35 °C suggests that both temperature and water availability may be determinants of fungal community structure in nests of F. ulkei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndon B. Duff
- Department of Biology, Brandon University, 270 18th Street, Brandon, MB R7A 6A9, Canada
- Department of Biology, Brandon University, 270 18th Street, Brandon, MB R7A 6A9, Canada
| | - Theresa M. Urichuk
- Department of Biology, Brandon University, 270 18th Street, Brandon, MB R7A 6A9, Canada
- Department of Biology, Brandon University, 270 18th Street, Brandon, MB R7A 6A9, Canada
| | - Lisa N. Hodgins
- Department of Biology, Brandon University, 270 18th Street, Brandon, MB R7A 6A9, Canada
- Department of Biology, Brandon University, 270 18th Street, Brandon, MB R7A 6A9, Canada
| | - Jocelyn R. Young
- Department of Biology, Brandon University, 270 18th Street, Brandon, MB R7A 6A9, Canada
- Department of Biology, Brandon University, 270 18th Street, Brandon, MB R7A 6A9, Canada
| | - Wendy A. Untereiner
- Department of Biology, Brandon University, 270 18th Street, Brandon, MB R7A 6A9, Canada
- Department of Biology, Brandon University, 270 18th Street, Brandon, MB R7A 6A9, Canada
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591
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Occurrence of Aspergillus section Flavi and section Nigri and aflatoxins in raw cashew kernels (Anacardium occidentale L.) from Benin. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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592
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Gautier M, Normand AC, Ranque S. Previously unknown species of Aspergillus. Clin Microbiol Infect 2016; 22:662-9. [PMID: 27263029 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of multi-locus DNA sequence analysis has led to the description of previously unknown 'cryptic' Aspergillus species, whereas classical morphology-based identification of Aspergillus remains limited to the section or species-complex level. The current literature highlights two main features concerning these 'cryptic' Aspergillus species. First, the prevalence of such species in clinical samples is relatively high compared with emergent filamentous fungal taxa such as Mucorales, Scedosporium or Fusarium. Second, it is clearly important to identify these species in the clinical laboratory because of the high frequency of antifungal drug-resistant isolates of such Aspergillus species. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has recently been shown to enable the identification of filamentous fungi with an accuracy similar to that of DNA sequence-based methods. As MALDI-TOF MS is well suited to the routine clinical laboratory workflow, it facilitates the identification of these 'cryptic' Aspergillus species at the routine mycology bench. The rapid establishment of enhanced filamentous fungi identification facilities will lead to a better understanding of the epidemiology and clinical importance of these emerging Aspergillus species. Based on routine MALDI-TOF MS-based identification results, we provide original insights into the key interpretation issues of a positive Aspergillus culture from a clinical sample. Which ubiquitous species that are frequently isolated from air samples are rarely involved in human invasive disease? Can both the species and the type of biological sample indicate Aspergillus carriage, colonization or infection in a patient? Highly accurate routine filamentous fungi identification is central to enhance the understanding of these previously unknown Aspergillus species, with a vital impact on further improved patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gautier
- Aix Marseille Univ, Univ Montpellier 1, IRBA, IP-TPT, Marseille, France; Parasitologie & Mycologie, Hôpital de la Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - A-C Normand
- Parasitologie & Mycologie, Hôpital de la Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - S Ranque
- Aix Marseille Univ, Univ Montpellier 1, IRBA, IP-TPT, Marseille, France; Parasitologie & Mycologie, Hôpital de la Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France.
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593
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Réblová M, Miller AN, Rossman AY, Seifert KA, Crous PW, Hawksworth DL, Abdel-Wahab MA, Cannon PF, Daranagama DA, De Beer ZW, Huang SK, Hyde KD, Jayawardena R, Jaklitsch W, Jones EBG, Ju YM, Judith C, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Pang KL, Petrini LE, Raja HA, Romero AI, Shearer C, Senanayake IC, Voglmayr H, Weir BS, Wijayawarden NN. Recommendations for competing sexual-asexually typified generic names in Sordariomycetes (except Diaporthales, Hypocreales, and Magnaporthales). IMA Fungus 2016; 7:131-53. [PMID: 27433444 PMCID: PMC4941682 DOI: 10.5598/imafungus.2016.07.01.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advance to one scientific name for each fungal species, the generic names in the class Sordariomycetes typified by sexual and asexual morphs are evaluated based on their type species to determine if they compete with each other for use or protection. Recommendations are made for which of the competing generic names should be used based on criteria such as priority, number of potential names changes, and frequency of use. Some recommendations for well-known genera include Arthrinium over Apiospora, Colletotrichum over Glomerella, Menispora over Zignoëlla, Microdochium over Monographella, Nigrospora over Khuskia, and Plectosphaerella over Plectosporium. All competing generic names are listed in a table of recommended names along with the required action. If priority is not accorded to sexually typified generic names after 2017, only four names would require formal protection: Chaetosphaerella over Oedemium, Diatrype over Libertella, Microdochium over Monographella, and Phaeoacremonium over Romellia and Togninia. Concerning species in the recommended genera, one replacement name (Xylaria benjaminii nom. nov.) is introduced, and the following new combinations are made: Arthrinium sinense, Chloridium caesium, C. chloroconium, C. gonytrichii, Corollospora marina, C. parvula, C. ramulosa, Juncigena fruticosae, Melanospora simplex, Seimatosporium massarina, Sporoschisma daemonoropis, S. taitense, Torpedospora mangrovei, Xylaria penicilliopsis, and X. termiticola combs. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Réblová
- Department of Taxonomy, Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prùhonice 252 43, Czech Republic
| | - Andrew N. Miller
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois 61820, USA
| | - Amy Y. Rossman
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Keith A. Seifert
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Biodiversity (Mycology and Microbiology), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6 Canada
| | - Pedro W. Crous
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - David L. Hawksworth
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
- Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey, TW9 3DS, UK
| | - Mohamed A. Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Paul F. Cannon
- Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey, TW9 3DS, UK
| | - Dinushani A. Daranagama
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Z. Wilhelm De Beer
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Shi-Ke Huang
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Kevin D. Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Ruvvishika Jayawardena
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Walter Jaklitsch
- Institute of Forest Entomology, Forest Pathology and Forest Protection, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - E. B. Gareth Jones
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yu-Ming Ju
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115 29, Taiwan
| | - Caroline Judith
- Department of Mycology, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sajeewa S. N. Maharachchikumbura
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 8, 123 Al Khoud, Oman
| | - Ka-Lai Pang
- Institute of Marine Biology and Centre of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 20224, Taiwan (ROC)
| | | | - Huzefa A. Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 457 Sullivan Science Building, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, NC 27402-6170, USA
| | - Andrea I Romero
- Instituto de Micología y Botánica, UBA-CONICET, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, Piso 4°, Lab 6, Av. Int. Güiraldes 2620. Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carol Shearer
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois 61820, USA
| | - Indunil C. Senanayake
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Hermann Voglmayr
- Division of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bevan S. Weir
- Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nalin N. Wijayawarden
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
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594
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Pereyra C, Cavaglieri L, Poloni V, Chiacchiera S, Cristofolini A, Merkis C, Dalcero A. Effect of pH on the ultrastructure of the conidial wall of Aspergillus niger aggregate conidia and its relationship to zearalenone adsorption. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2016. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2015.1933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of pH on the ultrastructure of the conidial wall of dead conidia harvested from the non-toxicogenic Aspergillus niger aggregate strain RC084 and its relationship to zearalenone (ZEA) adsorption capacity. Moreover, mathematical models were applied to explain the interaction between conidia and ZEA absorbance. A ZEA adsorption test was performed using a concentration of 1×107 dead conidia/ml at pH 2 and 6 at 37 °C for 30 min. Unbound ZEA was quantified by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The ZEA adsorption was strongly dependent on the pH of the medium; the highest values were 2.2×10-6 μg ZEA/conidia at pH 6. Isotherms representing the amount of bound ZEA as a function of ZEA concentration in equilibrium after adsorption have typical S- or L-shapes. The experimental data could be fitted to the Frumkin-Fowler-Guggenheim (FFG) and Hill theoretical models. The ultrastructure of the conidial wall was studied by infrared spectroscopy (IR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The representative IR spectra showed that pH did not produce significant changes in the different chemical groups. However, ultrastructure studies by TEM detected considerable changes in the organisation of the conidial wall. This is the first study showing that the loss of the outermost electron dense layer, responsible for the ornamentations on the conidial surface. Adsorption is favoured at pH 6".
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Affiliation(s)
- C.M. Pereyra
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 km. 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
- Member of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CIC-CONICET), Argentina
| | - L.R. Cavaglieri
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 km. 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
- Member of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CIC-CONICET), Argentina
| | - V. Poloni
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 km. 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - S.M. Chiacchiera
- Member of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CIC-CONICET), Argentina
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 km. 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - A. Cristofolini
- Departamento de Microscopía Electrónica, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 km. 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - C. Merkis
- Departamento de Microscopía Electrónica, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 km. 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - A.M. Dalcero
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 km. 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
- Member of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CIC-CONICET), Argentina
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595
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Lamoth F. Aspergillus fumigatus-Related Species in Clinical Practice. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:683. [PMID: 27242710 PMCID: PMC4868848 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is the main etiologic agent of invasive aspergillosis (IA). Other Aspergillus species belonging to the section Fumigati (A. fumigatus complex) may occasionally be the cause of IA. These strains are often misidentified, as they cannot be distinguished from A. fumigatus by conventional morphological analysis and sequencing methods. This lack of recognition may have important consequences as these A. fumigatus-related species often display some level of intrinsic resistance to azoles and other antifungal drugs. A. lentulus, A. udagawae, A. viridinutans, and A. thermomutatus (Neosartorya pseudofischeri) have been associated with refractory cases of IA. Microbiologists should be able to suspect the presence of these cryptic species behind a putative A. fumigatus isolate on the basis of some simple characteristics, such as defect in sporulation and/or unusual antifungal susceptibility profile. However, definitive species identification requires specific sequencing analyses of the beta-tubulin or calmodulin genes, which are not available in most laboratories. Multiplex PCR assays or matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization - time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) gave promising results for rapid and accurate distinction between A. fumigatus and other Aspergillus spp. of the section Fumigati in clinical practice. Improved diagnostic procedures and antifungal susceptibility testing may be helpful for the early detection and management of these particular IA cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Lamoth
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, and Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University HospitalLausanne, Switzerland
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596
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Tsang CC, Chan JFW, Pong WM, Chen JHK, Ngan AHY, Cheung M, Lai CKC, Tsang DNC, Lau SKP, Woo PCY. Cutaneous hyalohyphomycosis due to Parengyodontium album gen. et comb. nov. Med Mycol 2016; 54:699-713. [PMID: 27161787 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myw025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
"Engyodontium album" is an environmental saprobic mould and an emerging opportunistic pathogen able to cause both superficial and systemic infections. In this study, we isolated a mould from the skin lesion biopsy specimen of the right shin in a patient who received renal transplantation for end-stage renal failure with prednisolone, tacrolimus, and azathioprine immunosuppressant therapy. Histology of the skin biopsy showed mild squamous hyperplasia and neutrophilic infiltrate in the epidermis, active chronic inflammation in the dermis, and fat necrosis in the subcutis, with numerous fungal elements within the serum crusts. On Sabouraud glucose agar, the fungus grew as white, cobweb-like, floccose colonies. Microscopically, conidiogenous cells were arranged in whorls of one to seven at wide angles, with zigzag-shaped terminal fertile regions and smooth, hyaline, oval, apiculate conidia. DNA sequencing showed the mould isolate belonged to "E. album" but matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) failed to identify the isolate. Phylogenetic analyses based on the internal transcribed spacer region, 28S nuclear ribosomal DNA, and β-tubulin gene and MALDI-TOF MS coupled with hierarchical cluster analysis showed that "E. album" is distantly related to other Engyodontium species and should be transferred to a novel genus within the family Cordycipitaceae, for which the name Parengyodontium album gen. et comb. nov. is proposed. Three potential cryptic species within this species complex were also revealed. Antifungal susceptibility testing showed posaconazole and voriconazole had high activities against all clinical P. album isolates and may be better drug options for treating P. album infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jasper F W Chan
- Department of Microbiology.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wai-Mei Pong
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong
| | | | | | - Mei Cheung
- Department of Microbiology.,Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong
| | | | | | - Susanna K P Lau
- Department of Microbiology.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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597
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Massi FP, Sartori D, de Souza Ferranti L, Iamanaka BT, Taniwaki MH, Vieira MLC, Fungaro MHP. Prospecting for the incidence of genes involved in ochratoxin and fumonisin biosynthesis in Brazilian strains of Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus welwitschiae. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 221:19-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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598
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Qi TF, Renaud JB, McDowell T, Seifert KA, Yeung KKC, Sumarah MW. Diversity of Mycotoxin-Producing Black Aspergilli in Canadian Vineyards. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:1583-1589. [PMID: 26837797 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Several Aspergillus species produce ochratoxin A (OTA) and/or fumonisins on wine and table grapes. The relevant species and their mycotoxins have been investigated in a number of wine-producing regions around the world; however, similar data have not been reported for Canadian vineyards. A multiyear survey of black Aspergilli in Niagara, ON, vineyards was conducted to determine the diversity of species present and to assess the risk of OTA and fumonisin contamination of wine grapes from this region. From 2012 to 2014, 253 black Aspergilli were isolated from soil samples and the fruits of 10 varieties of grapes. The isolates were identified by DNA sequencing: Aspergillus welwitschiae (43%), Aspergillus uvarum (32%), Aspergillus brasiliensis (11%), Aspergillus tubingensis (9%), and Aspergillus niger (4%). Aspergillus carbonarius, the primary OTA producer on grapes in other parts of the world, was isolated only once, and this is the first report for it in Canada. All 10 A. niger strains produced fumonisins, but, in contrast, only 26% of the 109 A. welwitschiae isolates were producers, and no strains of either species produced OTA. Grape samples were analyzed for OTA and fumonisins from sites where strains with mycotoxigenic potential were isolated. Fumonisin B2 (FB2) was detected in 7 of 22 (32%) of these grape samples in the 1-15 ppb range, but no OTA was detected. Additionally, the recently reported nonaminated fumonisins were detected in 3 of 22 grape samples. These results suggest that fumonisin-producing Aspergilli can occur in Ontario vineyards but, at present, the risk of contamination of grapes appears low. The risk of OTA contamination in Niagara wine is also low because of the low prevalence of A. carbonarius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu F Qi
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , 1391 Sandford Street, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario , 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Justin B Renaud
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , 1391 Sandford Street, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Tim McDowell
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , 1391 Sandford Street, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Keith A Seifert
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Ken K-C Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario , 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario , 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Mark W Sumarah
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , 1391 Sandford Street, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario , 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
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599
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Biodeterioration Risk Threatens the 3100 Year Old Staircase of Hallstatt (Austria): Possible Involvement of Halophilic Microorganisms. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148279. [PMID: 26885815 PMCID: PMC4757552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prosperity of Hallstatt (Salzkammergut region, Austria) is based on the richness of salt in the surrounding mountains and salt mining, which is documented as far back as 1500 years B.C. Substantial archaeological evidence of Bronze and Iron Age salt mining has been discovered, with a wooden staircase (1108 B.C.) being one of the most impressive and well preserved finds. However, after its discovery, fungal mycelia have been observed on the surface of the staircase, most probably due to airborne contamination after its find. Objective As a basis for the further preservation of this valuable object, the active micro-flora was examined to investigate the presence of potentially biodegradative microorganisms. Results Most of the strains isolated from the staircase showed to be halotolerant and halophilic microorganisms, due to the saline environment of the mine. Results derived from culture-dependent assays revealed a high fungal diversity, including both halotolerant and halophilic fungi, the most dominant strains being members of the genus Phialosimplex (synonym: Aspergillus). Additionally, some typical cellulose degraders, namely Stachybotrys sp. and Cladosporium sp. were detected. Numerous bacterial strains were isolated and identified as members of 12 different genera, most of them being moderately halophilic species. The most dominant isolates affiliated with species of the genera Halovibrio and Marinococcus. Halophilic archaea were also isolated and identified as species of the genera Halococcus and Halorubrum. Molecular analyses complemented the cultivation assays, enabling the identification of some uncultivable archaea of the genera Halolamina, Haloplanus and Halobacterium. Results derived from fungi and bacteria supported those obtained by cultivation methods, exhibiting the same dominant members in the communities. Conclusion The results clearly showed the presence of some cellulose degraders that may become active if the requirements for growth and the environmental conditions turn suitable; therefore, these microorganisms must be regarded as a threat to the wood.
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600
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A taxonomic review of Penicillium species producing conidiophores with solitary phialides, classified in section Torulomyces. Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 2016; 36:134-55. [PMID: 27616790 PMCID: PMC4988369 DOI: 10.3767/003158516x690952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The genus Torulomyces was characterised by species that typically have conidiophores consisting of solitary phialides that produce long chains of conidia connected by disjunctors. Based on the phylogenetic position of P. lagena (generic ex-neotype), the genus and its seven species were transferred to Penicillium and classified in sect. Torulomyces along with P. cryptum and P. lassenii. The aim of this study was to review the species currently classified in sect. Torulomyces using morphology and phylogenies of the ITS, BenA, CaM and RPB2 regions. Based on our results, we accept 16 species in sect. Torulomyces, including 12 new species described as P. aeris, P. austricola, P. cantabricum, P. catalonicum, P. oregonense, P. marthae-christenseniae, P. riverlandense, P. tubakianum, P. variratense, P. williamettense, P. wisconsinense and P. wollemiicola. In addition, we reclassify P. laeve and P. ovatum in sect. Exilicaulis and correct the typification of P. lagena. We provide descriptions and notes on the identification of the species.
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