551
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Immune escape: A critical hallmark in solid tumors. Life Sci 2020; 258:118110. [PMID: 32698074 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Incapacitated immune system is a characteristic hallmark of solid tumors. Immune system within a tumor undergoes an imbalance in cellular dispersion and functionality. Effector cells are precluded from the invasive margin of tumor; instead, immune suppressor cells are present at high fractions. Conditions in the tumor microenvironment (TME) like altered metabolism, chronic hypoxia and chronic inflammation are the known predisposing factors, implicated in the immune malfunctioning. Deficiency of innate immune sensing mediated by checkpoint receptors including programmed death-1 receptor (PD-1), CTL-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) hijacked by tumor cells takes a major part of the blame, requiring a need for appropriate strategies in order to bring back the balance in the immune system. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has been in the eye of the current research rendering promising results. The story is not, however, that easy in which it is not so effective for Cold tumors, it may cause severe adverse effects, and that patients may acquire resistance to such therapy; this requires for updating the current knowledge about the immune ecosystem, using tumor type dependent dose calculation and exploiting proper adjuvants in order for evolving desired responses.
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552
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Zhang L, Deng Y, Zhang Y, Liu C, Zhang S, Zhu W, Tang Y, Deng N. The Design, Characterizations, and Tumor Angiogenesis Inhibition of a Multi-Epitope Peptibody With bFGF/VEGFA. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1190. [PMID: 32766160 PMCID: PMC7379876 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis is dependent on growth factors, and inhibition of their pathways is one of the promising strategies in cancer therapy. However, resistance to single pathway has been a great concern in clinical trials so that it necessitates multiple targetable factors for developing tumor angiogenesis inhibitors. Moreover, the strategy of Fc fusion protein is an attractive platform for novel peptide agents, which gains increasing importance with FDA approval because of better immunogenicity and stability. Here, we applied the Fc fusion protein concept to bFGF/VEGFA pathways and designed a multi-epitope Peptibody with immunogenic peptides derived from human bFGF and VEGFA sequences. Immunization with Peptibody could elicit high-titer anti-bFGF and anti-VEGFA antibodies, activate T cells, and induce Th1/Th2-type cytokines. In in vitro experiments, the isolated anti-Peptibody antibody inhibited the proliferation and migration of A549 cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by decreasing the MAPK/Akt/mTOR signal pathways. In the murine tumor model, pre-immunization with Peptibody suppressed the tumor growth and neovascularization of lung cancer by decreasing the production of bFGF/VEGFA/PDGF, the MAPK/Akt/mTOR signal pathways, and the activation of suppressive cells in tumor sites. Further, the biological characterizations of the recombinant Peptibody were investigated systematically, including protein primary structure, secondary structure, stability, and toxicity. Collectively, the results highlighted the strategy of bFGF/VEGFA pathways and Fc fusion protein in suppressing tumor progression and angiogenesis, which emphasized the potential of multiple targetable factors for producing enduring clinical responses in tumor patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligang Zhang
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanrui Deng
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinmei Zhang
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Simin Zhang
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Zhu
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Deng
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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553
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Han P, Cao P, Hu S, Kong K, Deng Y, Zhao B, Li F. Esophageal Microenvironment: From Precursor Microenvironment to Premetastatic Niche. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:5857-5879. [PMID: 32765088 PMCID: PMC7371556 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s258215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is the sixth most deadly cancer, and its incidence is still increasing year by year. Although the researches on the molecular mechanisms of EC have been widely carried out and incremental progress has been made, its overall survival rate is still low. There is cumulative evidence showing that the esophageal microenvironment plays a vital role in the development of EC. In precancerous lesions of the esophagus, high-risk environmental factors can promote the development of precancerous lesions by inducing the production of inflammatory factors and the recruitment of immune cells. In the tumor microenvironment, tumor-promoting cells can inhibit anti-tumor immunity and promote tumor progression through a variety of pathways, such as bone marrow-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumor-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and regulatory T cells (Tregs). The formation of extracellular hypoxia and acidic microenvironment and the change of extracellular matrix stiffness are also important factors affecting tumor progression and metastasis. Simultaneously, primary tumor-derived cytokines and bone marrow-derived immune cells can also promote the formation of pre-metastasis niche of EC lymph nodes, which are beneficial to EC lymph node metastasis. Further research on the specific mechanism of these processes in the occurrence, development, and metastasis of each EC subtype will support us to grasp the overall pre-cancerous prevention, targeted treatment, and metastatic assessment of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Cao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangle Kong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
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554
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Ling Z, Wen Z, Tang Z, Chen J, Mo S, Wei X, Hu Z. LncRNA TGFB2-AS1 regulates lung adenocarcinoma progression via act as a sponge for miR-340-5p to target EDNRB expression. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:3813-3821. [PMID: 32774737 PMCID: PMC7407726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA TGFB2-antisense RNA1 (TGFB2-AS1) has been reported could regulate tumorigenesis. However, the roles of TGFB2-AS1 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remain largely unknown. In this work, we aimed to explore the expression levels of TGFB2-AS1 and mechanisms in regulating LUAD progression. Expression level of TGFB2-AS1 in LUAD tissues and normal tissues was analyzed at StarBase. Moreover, its expression in LUAD cells and normal cell was analyzed with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method. Gain- and loss-of-function studies were conducted to analyze the biological roles of TGFB2-AS1 in LUAD. Results indicated TGFB2-AS1 was evidently downregulated in LUAD tissues and cells. Moreover, as analyzed by cell counting kit-8 assay, wound-healing and transwell invasion assays, results revealed TGFB2-AS1 overexpression could suppress proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of LUAD cells in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. In addition, LncBase V2.0 and TargetScan prediction tools showed TGFB2-AS1 and endothelin receptor type B (EDNRB) shares binding site in microRNA-340-5p (miR-340-5p). Furthermore, luciferase activity reporter assay and RT-qPCR assay validated these prediction results. Furthermore, we showed TGFB2-AS1 functions as sponge for miR-340-5p to regulate EDNRB expression. Collectively, our results indicated TGFB2-AS1/miR-340-5p/EDNRB axis plays crucial roles in regulating LUAD progression, indicating TGFB2-AS1 may be a novel therapeutic target for LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhougui Ling
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNo. 1, Liushi Road, Liuzhou 545005, China
| | - Zhongwei Wen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNo. 1, Liushi Road, Liuzhou 545005, China
| | - Zhenming Tang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNo. 1, Liushi Road, Liuzhou 545005, China
| | - Jifei Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNo. 1, Liushi Road, Liuzhou 545005, China
| | - Shanyin Mo
- Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNo. 1, Liushi Road, Liuzhou 545005, China
| | - Xiaomou Wei
- Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNo. 1, Liushi Road, Liuzhou 545005, China
| | - Zhuojun Hu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNo. 1, Liushi Road, Liuzhou 545005, China
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555
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Emerging roles of HSF1 in cancer: Cellular and molecular episodes. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188390. [PMID: 32653364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) systematically guards proteome stability and proteostasis by regulating the expression of heat shock protein (HSP), thus rendering cancer cells addicted to HSF1. The non-canonical transcriptional programme driven by HSF1, which is distinct from the heat shock response (HSR), plays an indispensable role in the initiation, promotion and progression of cancer. Therefore, HSF1 is widely exploited as a potential therapeutic target in a broad spectrum of cancers. Various molecules and signals in the cell jointly regulate the activation and attenuation of HSF1. The high-level expression of HSF1 in tumours and its relationship with patient prognosis imply that HSF1 can be used as a biomarker for patient prognosis and a target for cancer treatment. In this review, we discuss the newly identified mechanisms of HSF1 activation and regulation, the diverse functions of HSF1 in tumourigenesis, and the feasibility of using HSF1 as a prognostic marker. Disrupting cancer cell proteostasis by targeting HSF1 represents a novel anti-cancer therapeutic strategy.
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556
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Zhou F, Wang J, Chi X, Zhou X, Wang Z. lncRNA TM4SF1-AS1 Activates the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway and Promotes the Migration and Invasion of Lung Cancer Cells. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:5527-5536. [PMID: 32765064 PMCID: PMC7369303 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s254072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Metastasis is a crucial cause of the high mortality in patients with lung cancer. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as important players in the development and progression of human cancers. Here, we aimed to identify metastasis-associated lncRNA and to study its roles in the migration and invasion of lung cancer cells. Materials and Methods We screened differentially expressed lncRNAs between high- and low-metastatic lung cancer cell lines by using microarray and identified the target lncRNA TM4SF1-AS1. The effect of the TM4SF1-AS1 on the invasion and migration was evaluated through the wound healing experiment and transwell assay. The expression of related genes was assessed by RNA sequence and Western blotting. Results TM4SF1-AS1 was highly expressed in high metastatic lung cancer cell line, and it was also significantly up-regulated in lymph node metastatic lung cancer and was associated with lymph node metastasis. Overexpression of TM4SF1-AS1 promoted the migration and invasion of lung cancer cells. Overexpression of TM4SF1-AS1 decreased the expression of E-Cadherin and increased the expression of Vimentin, Snail and Twist, while knockdown of TM4SF1-AS1 exhibited the opposite trend. Furthermore, RNA sequence analysis revealed that some signaling pathways, including PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, were enriched upon TM4SF1-AS1 overexpression. Western blotting further confirmed that the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was activated by TM4SF1-AS1. Conclusion This study illustrates that TM4SF1-AS1 promotes the migration and invasion of lung cancer cells by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. TM4SF1-AS1 might be a novel target of molecular treatment for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fachen Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinming Chi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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557
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Pereira-Silva M, Jarak I, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Concheiro A, Santos AC, Veiga F, Figueiras A. Micelleplexes as nucleic acid delivery systems for cancer-targeted therapies. J Control Release 2020; 323:442-462. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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558
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An Artificial Intelligence Model for Predicting 1-Year Survival of Bone Metastases in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients Based on XGBoost Algorithm. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3462363. [PMID: 32685470 PMCID: PMC7338972 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3462363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients often develop bone metastases (BM), and the overall survival for these patients is usually perishing. However, a model with high accuracy for predicting the survival of NSCLC with BM is still lacking. Here, we aimed to establish a model based on artificial intelligence for predicting the 1-year survival rate of NSCLC with BM by using extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), a large-scale machine learning algorithm. We selected NSCLC patients with BM between 2010 and 2015 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. In total, 5973 cases were enrolled and divided into the training (n = 4183) and validation (n = 1790) sets. XGBoost, random forest, support vector machine, and logistic algorithms were used to generate predictive models. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate and compare the predictive performance of each model. The parameters including tumor size, age, race, sex, primary site, histological subtype, grade, laterality, T stage, N stage, surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, distant metastases to other sites (lung, brain, and liver), and marital status were selected to construct all predictive models. The XGBoost model had a better performance in both training and validation sets as compared with other models in terms of accuracy. Our data suggested that the XGBoost model is the most precise and personalized tool for predicting the 1-year survival rate for NSCLC patients with BM. This model can help the clinicians to design more rational and effective therapeutic strategies.
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559
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Dos Santos UR, Costa MC, de Freitas GJC, de Oliveira FS, Santos BR, Silva JF, Santos DA, Dias AAM, de Carvalho LD, Augusto DG, Dos Santos JL. Exposition to Biological Control Agent Trichoderma stromaticum Increases the Development of Cancer in Mice Injected With Murine Melanoma. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:252. [PMID: 32547964 PMCID: PMC7272596 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological control agents (BCA) are an alternative to chemical pesticides and an emerging strategy to safely eliminate plant pathogens. Trichoderma spp. are the most common fungi used as BCAs. They produce spores that are released into the air and can potentially interact with immune system of mammals. We previously showed that Trichoderma affects expression of genes encoding pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and cytokines in mice. PRRs are involved in the recognition of microorganisms and can lead to pro-tumoral signaling. Here, we evaluated if mice injected with low doses of murine melanoma exhibited increased development of lung tumor when treated with conidia of T. stromaticum. Mice treated with T. stromaticum and inoculated with B16-F10 melanoma cells exhibited significant increase in tumor uptake (p = 0.006) and increased number of visible nodules in the lungs (p = 0.015). We also analyzed mRNA expression levels of genes encoding PRRs in lung of mice exposed to T. stromaticum and demonstrated that mice treated with T. stromaticum conidia exhibited lower expression levels of Clec7a and increased expression of Tlr4 (toll like receptor 4) compared to non-treated controls. The expression levels of Clec7a and Tlr2 were increased in mice treated with T. stromaticum and inoculated with murine melanoma compared to controls only inoculated with melanoma. Our results demonstrate that intranasal exposition to T. stromaticum increases tumor in the B16-F10 model, which may raise concerns regarding the safety of its use in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uener R Dos Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Marliete C Costa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gustavo J C de Freitas
- Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Flávia S de Oliveira
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução - ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Bianca R Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Juneo F Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Daniel A Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Adriana A M Dias
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução - ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luciana D de Carvalho
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Danillo G Augusto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Jane L Dos Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
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560
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Luo Z, Ye X, Shou F, Cheng Y, Li F, Wang G. RNF115-mediated ubiquitination of p53 regulates lung adenocarcinoma proliferation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 530:425-431. [PMID: 32553631 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) represents approximately 40% of all lung cancer cases and is the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. Although combined treatment, including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgical treatment and immunotherapy, has been used in treating LAC, the five-year survival rate of patients with LAC has not significantly improved. Therefore, it is vital for cancer research to investigate novel prognostic markers and new targets for molecular targeted therapy in LAC. TP53 is an important tumor suppressor gene and is frequently inactivated in lung cancer, thus upregulation or activation of p53 may be a novel targeted therapy for LAC. The present study found that RNF115 mediates ubiquitination of p53 and predicts poor prognosis of patients with LAC. Functionally, it was demonstrated that disruption of RNF115 significantly inhibited cell viability in vitro through inducing G1 phase arrest of LAC cells, which reduced tumor growth in an xenograft model. Taken together, these results suggest that RNF115 could be a novel prognostic biomarker and the RNF115-p53 axis may be a potential target for LAC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Luo
- Department of Oncology, the People's Hospital of Jianyang, No.180 Hospital Road, Jianyang City, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Xin Ye
- Department of Oncology, the People's Hospital of Deyang, No.173 Taishangbei Road, Deyang City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Feng Shou
- Department of Oncology, the People's Hospital of Jianyang, No.180 Hospital Road, Jianyang City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yang Cheng
- Department of Oncology, the People's Hospital of Jianyang, No.180 Hospital Road, Jianyang City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Fugang Li
- Department of Oncology, the People's Hospital of Jianyang, No.180 Hospital Road, Jianyang City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Oncology, the People's Hospital of Jianyang, No.180 Hospital Road, Jianyang City, Sichuan Province, China
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561
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Wang Y, Liu H, Bian Y, An J, Duan X, Wan J, Yao X, Du C, Ni C, Zhu L, Lei N, Wang F, Zhang L, Wang M, Qin Z. Low SCRIB expression in fibroblasts promotes invasion of lung cancer cells. Life Sci 2020; 256:117955. [PMID: 32534038 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a crucial role in lung tumor development, but the underlying mechanism is still not fully understood. MAIN METHODS SCRIB expression in the CAFs of human lung cancer tissues was examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). A coculture of mouse Lewis lung cancer cells (LLC) and fibroblasts was used to investigate SCRIB expression in cocultured fibroblasts. Proliferation, scratch wound, and transwell assays were used to examine the proliferation, migration and invasion ability of SCRIB knockdown fibroblasts and their effects on LLC. A 3D-coculture system and co-injection xenograft model were used to examine LLC invasion. RNA sequencing and transwell experiments were used to explore the molecules that may participate in LLC invasion. KEY FINDINGS Herein, we found that the low expression of SCRIB in CAFs is correlated with advanced tumor stages and poor survival for human lung squamous cell carcinoma. SCRIB expression in fibroblasts is drastically downregulated by LLC cells. SCRIB knockdown fibroblasts not only enhance invasion but also facilitate LLC invasion in a 3D-coculture system and in an in vivo subcutaneous transplantation model. The upregulation of asporin in SCRIB knockdown fibroblasts is involved in LLC invasion in vitro. SIGNIFICANCE Collectively, the results indicate that fibroblasts with low SCRIB expression promote lung cancer cell invasion, which suggests that the downregulated expression of SCRIB may represent one of the important characteristics of tumor-promoting CAFs in lung squamous cell cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS-University of Tokyo Joint Laboratory of Structural Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yangyang Bian
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Junfeng An
- President of Yun kang Medical Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China; School of Yun kang Medical and Health Management, Nan fang College of SUN Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou city, Guangdong 510970, China
| | - Xixi Duan
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Jiajia Wan
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Xiaohan Yao
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Cancan Du
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Chen Ni
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Linyu Zhu
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Ningjing Lei
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Lijing Zhang
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.
| | - Zhihai Qin
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS-University of Tokyo Joint Laboratory of Structural Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.
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562
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Zhang SQ, Xu HB, Zhang SJ, Li XY. Identification of the Active Compounds and Significant Pathways of Artemisia Annua in the Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma based on Network Pharmacology. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e923624. [PMID: 32474568 PMCID: PMC7285955 DOI: 10.12659/msm.923624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Artemisia annua exerts powerful effects in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Some studies have shown that Artemisia annua possesses the characteristics of new therapeutic drugs for NSCLC patients. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of Artemisia annua anti-NSCLC is not yet fully elucidated because Artemisia annua contains hundreds of ingredients. This study aimed to conduct network pharmacological analysis on the mechanism of action of Artemisia annua against NSCLC. Material/Methods The active ingredients and corresponding potential targets of Artemisia annua were searched and screened in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP). Then through The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) databases to establish NSCLC related targets. Based on the matching results of Artemisia annua potential targets and NSCLC targets, a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to analyze the interactions between these targets and topologically screen the central targets. Furthermore, Gene Ontology (GO) biological functions analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signal pathways enrichment were carried out. Results There were 19 main active ingredients of Artemisia annua screened for target prediction; 40 NSCLC-related common targets were identified via multiple NSCLC databases. The node area and corresponding degree value of AKT1, MYC, CCND1, VEGFA, JUN, MAPK1, EGFR, and ESR1 were large and could be easily found in the PPI network. The aforementioned results were further verified by the analysis of GO biological function and KEGG enrichment analysis. Conclusions The network pharmacology analysis reveals the molecular biological mechanism of Artemisia annua anti-NSCLC via multiple active components, multi-channels, and multi-targets. This suggests that Artemisia annua might be developed as a promising anti-NSCLC drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Qiao Zhang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Hai Bo Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Shi Jun Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Xin Yu Li
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
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563
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Shao J, Wang C, Ren P, Jiang Y, Tian P, Li W. Treatment- and immune-related adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced lung cancer. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:BSR20192347. [PMID: 32315071 PMCID: PMC7953488 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20192347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) emerged as the preferred therapy in advanced lung cancer, understanding the treatment- and immune-related adverse events of these drugs is of great significance for clinical practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library and major conference proceedings were systematically searched for all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in lung cancer using PD-1/PD-L1/CTLA-4 inhibitors. The outcomes included treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) and several organ specific immune-related adverse events (IRAEs). RESULTS 24 RCTs involving 14,256 patients were included. There was a significant difference for ICI therapy in the incidence of any grade of TRAEs (RR: 0.90; 95%CI: 0.84-0.95; P=0.001) and a lower frequency of grade 3-5 of TRAEs (RR: 0.65; 95%CI: 0.51-0.82; P<0.001). Patients treated with ICI therapy in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were less reported TRAEs than in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). A lower risk of TRAEs was favored by anti-PD-1 inhibitors over anti-PD-L1 antibodies and anti-CTLA-4 drugs. The most common organ specific IRAE was hypothyroidism that occurred 8.7%. The incidence of pneumonitis and hepatitis reached 4.5% and 4.0% respectively. Compared with patients treated in control arms, those treated with ICI drugs were at higher risk for each organ specific adverse event including colitis, hepatitis, pneumonitis, hypothyroidism and hypophysitis. CONCLUSIONS ICI therapy was safer than chemotherapy, especially ICI monotherapy such as anti-PD-1 antibodies in NSCLC. Compared with standard treatments, ICI drugs increased the risk of organ-specific IRAEs, although the overall incidence remained low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Medical School/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengdi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Medical School/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pengwei Ren
- Department of Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuting Jiang
- West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Panwen Tian
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Medical School/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Medical School/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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564
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Cancer associated fibroblast: Mediators of tumorigenesis. Matrix Biol 2020; 91-92:19-34. [PMID: 32450219 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is well accepted that the tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in cancer onset, development, and progression. The majority of clinical interventions are designed to target either cancer or stroma cells. These emphases have been directed by one of two prevailing theories in the field, the Somatic Mutation Theory and the Tissue Organization Field Theory, which represent two seemingly opposing concepts. This review proposes that the two theories are mutually inclusive and should be concurrently considered for cancer treatments. Specifically, this review discusses the dynamic and reciprocal processes between stromal cells and extracellular matrices, using pancreatic cancer as an example, to demonstrate the inclusivity of the theories. Furthermore, this review highlights the functions of cancer associated fibroblasts, which represent the major stromal cell type, as important mediators of the known cancer hallmarks that the two theories attempt to explain.
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565
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Park HJ, Chi GY, Choi YH, Park SH. Lupeol suppresses plasminogen activator inhibitor-1-mediated macrophage recruitment and attenuates M2 macrophage polarization. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 527:889-895. [PMID: 32430175 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.04.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are closely related with poor prognosis of cancers. The current study investigated whether lupeol regulates TAMs by focusing on the recruitment and polarization of macrophages. We found that lupeol suppressed the recruitment of THP-1 macrophages (THP-1 cells differentiated into macrophages) towards H1299 lung carcinoma cells by inhibiting plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) production from H1299 cells. The reduced migration of THP-1 macrophages by lupeol was recovered by adding recombinant human PAI-1 as a chemoattractant. Knockdown of PAI-1 or treatment of tiplaxtinin, a PAI-1 inhibitor, in H1299 cells abrogated the chemotaxis of macrophages. Furthermore, lupeol suppressed the interleukin (IL)-4- and IL-13-induced M2 macrophage polarization. The mRNA expression of M2 macrophage markers and the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) were commonly decreased by lupeol in RAW264.7 cells. In addition, lupeol-suppressed M2 macrophage polarization led to the reduced migration of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells. Taken together, our results suggest that lupeol attenuates PAI-1-mediated macrophage recruitment towards cancer cells and inhibits M2 macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ji Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan, 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyoo-Yong Chi
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan, 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan, 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Hyung Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan, 47227, Republic of Korea.
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566
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Fang Y, Luo M, Song X, Shen Y, Xiao H. Improving the production of squalene-type triterpenoid 2,3;22,23-squalene dioxide by optimizing the expression of CYP505D13 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biosci Bioeng 2020; 130:265-271. [PMID: 32423728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The efficient bioproduction of squalene-type triterpenoids (STs) has attracted considerable attention due to their significant biological activities. In a previous study, we constructed a recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae capable of producing three STs; 4,8-dihydroxy-22,23-oxidosqualene (ST-1), 8-hydroxy-2,3;22,23-squalene dioxide (ST-2), and 2,3;22,23-squalene dioxide (ST-3). Here, we first evaluated the effects of these STs on the growth of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, and found that ST-3 exhibited the greatest potency compared to the other two STs. To further enhance the bioproduction of ST-3, we adopted a tunable system to balance the expression of the Ganoderma lucidum cytochrome P450 gene CYP505D13 in S. cerevisiae, which significantly improved the ST-3 production titer. The most effective strain produced 78.61 mg/L of ST-3 after 62 h fermentation, which was 6.43 times higher than that of our previous study. The present study demonstrated that ST-3 effectively inhibits the proliferation of NSCLC cells, and provides insight into its efficient bioproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biochemical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong-chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mingyu Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biochemical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong-chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Han Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biochemical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong-chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
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567
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Cong Z, Diao Y, Li X, Jiang Z, Xu Y, Zhou H, Qiang Y, Wu H, Shen Y. Long non-coding RNA linc00665 interacts with YB-1 and promotes angiogenesis in lung adenocarcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 527:545-552. [PMID: 32423800 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.04.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a core hallmark of advanced cancers, especially in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, the underlying functions and mechanisms of lncRNAs in tumor angiogenesis remain largely unknown. Here we found that linc00665 depletion could markedly depressed proliferation and capillary tube formation of HUVECs in vitro. Mechanistically, linc00665 directly interacted with YB-1 protein, enhanced its stability through inhibiting ubiquitination-dependent proteolysis and stimulated its nuclear translocation in LUAD cells. The accumulated nuclear YB-1 activated expression of ANGPT4, ANGPTL3 and VEGFA by binding to their promoters, contributing to tumor-related angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, we conclude that linc00665 induces tumor-related angiogenesis in LUAD by directly interacting with YB-1 and activating YB-1-ANGPT4/ANGPTL3/VEGFA axis, which provides promising anti-angiogenic targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangzhuang Cong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Yifei Diao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210000, China; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Zhisheng Jiang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233030, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Hai Zhou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Yong Qiang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210000, China.
| | - Haiwei Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210000, China.
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210000, China; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210000, China; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233030, China; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China.
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568
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Zhao Z, Zhao D, Xia J, Wang Y, Wang B. Immunoscore Predicts Survival in Early-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients. Front Oncol 2020; 10:691. [PMID: 32457841 PMCID: PMC7225293 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The lung cancer staging system is insufficient for a comprehensive evaluation of patient prognosis. We constructed a novel immunoscore model to predict patients with high risk and poor survival. Method: Immunoscore was developed based on z-score transformed enrichment score of 11 immune-related gene sets of 109 immune risk genes. The immunoscore model was trained in lung adenocarcinoma cohort from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA-LUAD) (n = 400), and validated in other two independent cohorts from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), GSE31210 (n = 219) and GSE68465 (n = 356). Meta-set (n = 975) was formed by combining all training and testing sets. Result: High immunoscore conferred worse prognosis in all sets. It was an independent prognostic factors in multivariate Cox analysis in training, testing and meta-set [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.96 (2.24–3.9), P < 0.001 in training set; HR = 1.99 (1.21–3.26), P = 0.006 in testing set 1; HR = 1.48 (1.69–2.39), P = 0.005 in testing set 2; HR = 2.01 (1.69–2.39), P < 0.001 in meta-set]. Immunoscore-clinical prognostic signature (ICPS) was developed by integrating immunoscore and clinical characteristic, and had higher C-index than immunoscore or stage alone in all sets [0.72 (ICPS) vs. 0.7 (immunoscore) or 0.59 (stage) in training set; 0.75 vs. 0.72 or 0.7 in testing set 1; 0.65 vs. 0.61 or 0.62 in testing set 2; 0.7 vs. 0.66 or 0.64 in meta-set]. Genome analysis revealed that immunoscore was positively correlated with tumor mutation burden (R = 0.22, P < 0.001). Besides, high immunoscore was correlated with high proportion of carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (R = 0.32, P < 0.001) in tumor microenvironment but fewer CD8+ cells infiltration (R = −0.28, P < 0.001). Conclusion: The immunoscore and ICPS are potential biomarkers for evaluating patient survival. Further investigations are required to validate and improve their prediction accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihuan Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, China.,Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Respiratory Disease, Nanjing Chest Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Reproductive Center, Zhen Jiang Fourth People Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ji Xia
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Nanjing Chest Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Buhai Wang
- Department of Oncology, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, China.,Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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569
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Zhou M, Zhang Z, Bao S, Hou P, Yan C, Su J, Sun J. Computational recognition of lncRNA signature of tumor-infiltrating B lymphocytes with potential implications in prognosis and immunotherapy of bladder cancer. Brief Bioinform 2020; 22:5831478. [PMID: 32382761 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbaa047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been associated with cancer immunity regulation and the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, functions of lncRNAs of tumor-infiltrating B lymphocytes (TIL-Bs) and their clinical significance have not yet been fully elucidated. In the present study, a machine learning-based computational framework is presented for the identification of lncRNA signature of TIL-Bs (named 'TILBlncSig') through integrative analysis of immune, lncRNA and clinical profiles. The TILBlncSig comprising eight lncRNAs (TNRC6C-AS1, WASIR2, GUSBP11, OGFRP1, AC090515.2, PART1, MAFG-DT and LINC01184) was identified from the list of 141 B-cell-specific lncRNAs. The TILBlncSig was capable of distinguishing worse compared with improved survival outcomes across different independent patient datasets and was also independent of other clinical covariates. Functional characterization of TILBlncSig revealed it to be an indicator of infiltration of mononuclear immune cells (i.e. natural killer cells, B-cells and mast cells), and it was associated with hallmarks of cancer, as well as immunosuppressive phenotype. Furthermore, the TILBlncSig revealed predictive value for the survival outcome and immunotherapy response of patients with anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) therapy and added significant predictive power to current immune checkpoint gene markers. The present study has highlighted the value of the TILBlncSig as an indicator of immune cell infiltration in the TME from a noncoding RNA perspective and strengthened the potential application of lncRNAs as predictive biomarkers of immunotherapy response, which warrants further investigation.
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570
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Galland S, Martin P, Fregni G, Letovanec I, Stamenkovic I. Attenuation of the pro-inflammatory signature of lung cancer-derived mesenchymal stromal cells by statins. Cancer Lett 2020; 484:50-64. [PMID: 32418888 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Solid tumor growth triggers a dynamic host response, which recapitulates wound healing and defines the tumor microenvironment (TME). In addition to the action of the tumor cells themselves, the TME is maintained by a myriad of immune and stromal cell-derived soluble mediators and extracellular matrix components whose combined action supports tumor progression. However, therapeutic targeting of the TME has proven challenging because of incomplete understanding of the tumor-host crosstalk at the molecular level. Here, we investigated the crosstalk between mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and primary cancer cells (PCCs) from human squamous cell lung carcinoma (SCC). We discovered that PCCs secrete CCL3 and stimulate IL-6, CCL2, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression in MSCs and that the MSC-PCC crosstalk can be disrupted by the lipid-lowering drug simvastatin, which displays pleiotropic effects on cell metabolism and suppresses IL-6 and CCL2 production by MSCs and CCL3 secretion by PCCs. In addition, simvastatin inhibited spheroid formation by PCCs and negatively affected PCC survival. Our observations demonstrate that commonly used statins may be repurposed to target the TME in lung carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Galland
- Experimental Pathology Service, Institute of Pathology, CHUV, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 25, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Patricia Martin
- Experimental Pathology Service, Institute of Pathology, CHUV, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 25, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Fregni
- Experimental Pathology Service, Institute of Pathology, CHUV, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 25, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Igor Letovanec
- Clinical Pathology Service, Institute of Pathology, CHUV, Rue du Bugnon 25, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Stamenkovic
- Experimental Pathology Service, Institute of Pathology, CHUV, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 25, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
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571
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Fermentation, purification and immunogenicity of a recombinant tumor multi-epitope vaccine, VBP3. Protein Expr Purif 2020; 174:105658. [PMID: 32360598 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2020.105658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The recombinant multi-epitope vaccine called VBP3 is designed to suppress tumor growth and angiogenesis through targeting both basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA). We are aiming to produce VBP3 vaccine in a large scale and provide sufficient protein for pre-clinical study. High cost and potential toxicity are severe limitations of IPTG and we investigated whether lactose can mediate VBP3 induction. Firstly, we identified the biological characteristics and established a culture bank of VBP3 strains. The best-performing strains were selected and the fermentation mode of medium, bacterial growth and protein expression were optimized in shake flasks. We scaled up the VBP3 production in 10 L bioreactor using lactose as inducer and the protein yield was comparable with IPTG induction. Next, the target protein was purified by nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) affinity chromatography, with a SDS-PAGE purity over 90%. Further, the purified VBP3 vaccine was subcutaneously injected in BALB/c mice and elicited high-titer anti-bFGF (1:32,000) and anti-VEGFA (1:4000) antibodies. Take together, lactose was an applicable inducer for VBP3 production and the eligible product of VBP3 was harvested in the large-scale fermentation, supporting the industrial production and pre-clinical study in the future. The VBP3 vaccine with superior immunogenicity might be used as a potential therapeutic vaccine for tumor treatment.
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572
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Wang S, Feng Y, Swinnen J, Oyen R, Li Y, Ni Y. Incidence and prognosis of liver metastasis at diagnosis: a pan-cancer population-based study. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:1477-1517. [PMID: 32509393 PMCID: PMC7269791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a major cause of cancer-related death and liver metastasis (LM) is a distinct type for its relatively good prognosis after timely treatment for selected patients. However, a generalizable estimation of incidence and prognosis of LM is lacking. Cancer patients with known LM status in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database were enrolled in the present study. The incidence and prognosis of LM were calculated by primary cancer type and clinicopathological factors. Among 1,630,725 cases, 105,329 (6.46%) cases present LM at diagnosis, with a median survival of 4 months. LM presents at diagnosis in 39.96% of pancreatic cancer, 16.00% of colorectal cancer (CRC) and 12.68% of lung cancer. Of all LM cases, 25.58% originated from lung cancer, with 24.76% from CRC and 17.55% from pancreatic cancer. LM originated from small intestine cancer shows the best prognosis (median survival: 30 months), followed by testis cancer (25 months) and breast cancer (15 months). Subgroup analyses demonstrated disparities in incidence and prognosis of LM, with higher incidence and poorer prognosis in the older population, African American, male, and patients with inferior socioeconomic status. The current study provides a generalizable data resource for the epidemiology of LM, which may help tailor screening protocol, design clinical trials and estimate disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuncong Wang
- KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Faculty of MedicineLeuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Yuanbo Feng
- KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Faculty of MedicineLeuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Johan Swinnen
- KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Faculty of MedicineLeuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Raymond Oyen
- KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Faculty of MedicineLeuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Yue Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health SciencesShanghai 201318, China
| | - Yicheng Ni
- KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Faculty of MedicineLeuven 3000, Belgium
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573
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Multiplex bioimaging of single-cell spatial profiles for precision cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. NPJ Precis Oncol 2020; 4:11. [PMID: 32377572 PMCID: PMC7195402 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-020-0114-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers exhibit functional and structural diversity in distinct patients. In this mass, normal and malignant cells create tumor microenvironment that is heterogeneous among patients. A residue from primary tumors leaks into the bloodstream as cell clusters and single cells, providing clues about disease progression and therapeutic response. The complexity of these hierarchical microenvironments needs to be elucidated. Although tumors comprise ample cell types, the standard clinical technique is still the histology that is limited to a single marker. Multiplexed imaging technologies open new directions in pathology. Spatially resolved proteomic, genomic, and metabolic profiles of human cancers are now possible at the single-cell level. This perspective discusses spatial bioimaging methods to decipher the cascade of microenvironments in solid and liquid biopsies. A unique synthesis of top-down and bottom-up analysis methods is presented. Spatial multi-omics profiles can be tailored to precision oncology through artificial intelligence. Data-driven patient profiling enables personalized medicine and beyond.
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574
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Liu LY, Ma XZ, Ouyang B, Ings DP, Marwah S, Liu J, Chen AY, Gupta R, Manuel J, Chen XC, Gage BK, Cirlan I, Khuu N, Chung S, Camat D, Cheng M, Sekhon M, Zagorovsky K, Abdou Mohamed MA, Thoeni C, Atif J, Echeverri J, Kollmann D, Fischer S, Bader GD, Chan WCW, Michalak TI, McGilvray ID, MacParland SA. Nanoparticle Uptake in a Spontaneous and Immunocompetent Woodchuck Liver Cancer Model. ACS NANO 2020; 14:4698-4715. [PMID: 32255624 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There is a tremendous focus on the application of nanomaterials for the treatment of cancer. Nonprimate models are conventionally used to assess the biomedical utility of nanomaterials. However, these animals often lack an intact immunological background, and the tumors in these animals do not develop spontaneously. We introduce a preclinical woodchuck hepatitis virus-induced liver cancer model as a platform for nanoparticle (NP)-based in vivo experiments. Liver cancer development in these out-bred animals occurs as a result of persistent viral infection, mimicking human hepatitis B virus-induced HCC development. We highlight how this model addresses key gaps associated with other commonly used tumor models. We employed this model to (1) track organ biodistribution of gold NPs after intravenous administration, (2) examine their subcellular localization in the liver, (3) determine clearance kinetics, and (4) characterize the identity of hepatic macrophages that take up NPs using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). We found that the liver and spleen were the primary sites of NP accumulation. Subcellular analyses revealed accumulation of NPs in the lysosomes of CD14+ cells. Through RNA-seq, we uncovered that immunosuppressive macrophages within the woodchuck liver are the major cell type that take up injected NPs. The woodchuck-HCC model has the potential to be an invaluable tool to examine NP-based immune modifiers that promote host anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Y Liu
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Sciences Building, Room 6271, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Xue-Zhong Ma
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Ben Ouyang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Rosebrugh Building, Room 407, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G9
| | - Danielle P Ings
- Molecular Virology and Hepatology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Memorial University, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3V6
| | - Sagar Marwah
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Jeff Liu
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Room 230, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E1
| | - Annie Y Chen
- Molecular Virology and Hepatology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Memorial University, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3V6
| | - Rahul Gupta
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Justin Manuel
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Xu-Chun Chen
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Blair K Gage
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
| | - Iulia Cirlan
- Princess Margaret Genomics Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
| | - Nicholas Khuu
- Princess Margaret Genomics Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
| | - Sai Chung
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Sciences Building, Room 6271, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Damra Camat
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Sciences Building, Room 6271, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Michael Cheng
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
- Luna Nanotech, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1Y8
| | - Manmeet Sekhon
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Kyryl Zagorovsky
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Rosebrugh Building, Room 407, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G9
- Luna Nanotech, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1Y8
| | - Mohamed A Abdou Mohamed
- Luna Nanotech, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1Y8
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt 44519
| | - Cornelia Thoeni
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Jawairia Atif
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Sciences Building, Room 6271, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Juan Echeverri
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Dagmar Kollmann
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Sandra Fischer
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Sciences Building, Room 6271, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Gary D Bader
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Room 230, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E1
| | - Warren C W Chan
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Rosebrugh Building, Room 407, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G9
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Room 450, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E1
| | - Tomasz I Michalak
- Molecular Virology and Hepatology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Memorial University, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3V6
| | - Ian D McGilvray
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Sonya A MacParland
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Sciences Building, Room 6271, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Sciences Building, Room 6271, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
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575
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Huang J, Li J, Zheng S, Lu Z, Che Y, Mao S, Lei Y, Zang R, Liu C, Wang X, Fang L, Sun N, He J. Tumor microenvironment characterization identifies two lung adenocarcinoma subtypes with specific immune and metabolic state. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:1876-1886. [PMID: 32187778 PMCID: PMC7293093 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a vital component of tumor tissue. Increasing evidence suggests their significance in predicting outcomes and guiding therapies. However, no studies have reported a systematic analysis of the clinicopathologic significance of TME in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Here, we inferred tumor stromal cells in 1184 LUAD patients using computational algorithms based on bulk tumor expression data, and evaluated the clinicopathologic significance of stromal cells. We found LUAD patients showed heterogeneous abundance in stromal cells. Infiltration of stromal cells was influenced by clinicopathologic features, such as age, gender, smoking, and TNM stage. By clustering stromal cells, we identified 2 clinically and molecularly distinct LUAD subtypes with immune active and immune repressed features. The immune active subtype is characterized by repressed metabolism and repressed proliferation of tumor cells, while the immune repressed subtype is characterized by active metabolism and active proliferation of tumor cells. Differentially expressed gene analysis of the two LUAD subtypes identified an immune activation signature. To diagnose TME subtypes practically, we constructed a TME score using principal component analysis based on the immune activation signature. The TME score predicted TME subtypes effectively in 3 independent datasets with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.960, 0.812, and 0.819, respectively. In conclusion, we proposed 2 clinically and molecularly distinct LUAD subtypes based on tumor microenvironment that could be valuable in predicting clinical outcome and guiding immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbing Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiagen Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sufei Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiliang Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Che
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangshuang Mao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ruochuan Zang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chengming Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinfeng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Fang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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576
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Non-Coding RNAs in Lung Tumor Initiation and Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082774. [PMID: 32316322 PMCID: PMC7215285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the deadliest forms of cancer affecting society today. Non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), through the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and epigenetic changes they impose, have been found to be dysregulated to affect lung cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis. This review will briefly summarize hallmarks involved in lung cancer initiation and progression. For initiation, these hallmarks include tumor initiating cells, immortalization, activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressors. Hallmarks involved in lung cancer progression include metastasis and drug tolerance and resistance. The targeting of these hallmarks with non-coding RNAs can affect vital metabolic and cell signaling pathways, which as a result can potentially have a role in cancerous and pathological processes. By further understanding non-coding RNAs, researchers can work towards diagnoses and treatments to improve early detection and clinical response.
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577
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Pharmacological targeting of immune checkpoint A2aR improves function of anti-CD19 CAR T cells in vitro. Immunol Lett 2020; 223:44-52. [PMID: 32289340 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In spite of impressive results in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic B cell leukemia (B-ALL) with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, the clinical outcome of some hematological cancers like follicular lymphoma (FL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has not been very promising likely due to immunosuppressive networks within tumor microenvironment. Hypoxia in the microenvironment of hematological malignancies and consequently generation of adenosine molecule is appeared to be correlated with immunosuppression, tumor progression, and relapse. Herein, we hypothesized that whether pharmacological targeting of adenosine 2a receptor (A2aR) can enhance antitumor activity of anti-CD19 CAR T cells in vitro. Prior to functional assays, A2aR expression was assessed in CAR-expressing T cells. Our results showed that A2aR was not only up-regulated in the fully human anti-CD19 CAR T cells (hereafter referred to as huCAR19 T cells) but also was further overexpressed following re-stimulation with target cells. Although pharmacological inhibition of A2aR could significantly increase proliferation capacity and cytokine production of huCAR19 T cells following treatment with an adenosine analog, cytotoxic activity of huCAR19 T cells was not significantly improved. Considering A2aR overexpression in huCAR19 T cells in the tumor microenvironment, our results indicated that pharmacological targeting of A2aR could not only improve huCAR19 T cells functionality in a hostile tumor microenvironment but also could have a therapeutic advantage, and sought to assess the possibility in a pre-clinical setting.
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578
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Riccardo F, Barutello G, Petito A, Tarone L, Conti L, Arigoni M, Musiu C, Izzo S, Volante M, Longo DL, Merighi IF, Papotti M, Cavallo F, Quaglino E. Immunization against ROS1 by DNA Electroporation Impairs K-Ras-Driven Lung Adenocarcinomas . Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020166. [PMID: 32268572 PMCID: PMC7349290 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Despite the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immunotherapeutic approaches, there is still an urgent need for novel strategies to improve patient survival. ROS1, a tyrosine kinase receptor endowed with oncoantigen features, is activated by chromosomal rearrangement or overexpression in NSCLC and in several tumor histotypes. In this work, we have exploited transgenic mice harboring the activated K-Ras oncogene (K-RasG12D) that spontaneously develop metastatic NSCLC as a preclinical model to test the efficacy of ROS1 immune targeting. Indeed, qPCR and immunohistochemical analyses revealed ROS1 overexpression in the autochthonous primary tumors and extrathoracic metastases developed by K-RasG12D mice and in a derived transplantable cell line. As proof of concept, we have evaluated the effects of the intramuscular electroporation (electrovaccination) of plasmids coding for mouse- and human-ROS1 on the progression of these NSCLC models. A significant increase in survival was observed in ROS1-electrovaccinated mice challenged with the transplantable cell line. It is worth noting that tumors were completely rejected, and immune memory was achieved, albeit only in a few mice. Most importantly, ROS1 electrovaccination was also found to be effective in slowing the development of autochthonous NSCLC in K-RasG12D mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Riccardo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (F.R.); (G.B.); (A.P.); (L.T.); (L.C.); (M.A.); (C.M.); (I.F.M.)
| | - Giuseppina Barutello
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (F.R.); (G.B.); (A.P.); (L.T.); (L.C.); (M.A.); (C.M.); (I.F.M.)
| | - Angela Petito
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (F.R.); (G.B.); (A.P.); (L.T.); (L.C.); (M.A.); (C.M.); (I.F.M.)
| | - Lidia Tarone
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (F.R.); (G.B.); (A.P.); (L.T.); (L.C.); (M.A.); (C.M.); (I.F.M.)
| | - Laura Conti
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (F.R.); (G.B.); (A.P.); (L.T.); (L.C.); (M.A.); (C.M.); (I.F.M.)
| | - Maddalena Arigoni
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (F.R.); (G.B.); (A.P.); (L.T.); (L.C.); (M.A.); (C.M.); (I.F.M.)
| | - Chiara Musiu
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (F.R.); (G.B.); (A.P.); (L.T.); (L.C.); (M.A.); (C.M.); (I.F.M.)
| | - Stefania Izzo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (S.I.); (M.V.); (M.P.)
| | - Marco Volante
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (S.I.); (M.V.); (M.P.)
| | - Dario Livio Longo
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), Italian National Research Council (CNR), 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Irene Fiore Merighi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (F.R.); (G.B.); (A.P.); (L.T.); (L.C.); (M.A.); (C.M.); (I.F.M.)
| | - Mauro Papotti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (S.I.); (M.V.); (M.P.)
| | - Federica Cavallo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (F.R.); (G.B.); (A.P.); (L.T.); (L.C.); (M.A.); (C.M.); (I.F.M.)
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (E.Q.); Tel.: +39-011670-6457 (F.C. & E.Q.)
| | - Elena Quaglino
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (F.R.); (G.B.); (A.P.); (L.T.); (L.C.); (M.A.); (C.M.); (I.F.M.)
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (E.Q.); Tel.: +39-011670-6457 (F.C. & E.Q.)
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579
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Zhao X, Wang X, You Y, Wen D, Feng Z, Zhou Y, Que K, Gong J, Liu Z. Nogo-B fosters HCC progression by enhancing Yap/Taz-mediated tumor-associated macrophages M2 polarization. Exp Cell Res 2020; 391:111979. [PMID: 32246992 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.111979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and their M2-type extremely promote tumor angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nogo-B is expressed in most tissues and participates in macrophage polarization. However, whether Nogo-B is involved in the polarization and the effects of TAMs has been unclear. The expression of Nogo-B in TAMs of HCC patients is significantly increased, which correlated with the poor prognosis of the patients with HCC. Coincidentally, HCC conditioned medium (HCM) facilitated Nogo-B expression and the M2 phenotype of macrophages. Nogo-B knockdown Nogo-B significantly suppressed the M2-type polarization of macrophages and inhibited HCC cells proliferation both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, interference of Nogo-B facilitates macrophage-mediated apoptosis of tumor cells. Nogo-B meaningfully enhanced IL4-stimulated the alternative activation of macrophages as well as expression of the transcriptional regulators Yes-associated protein (Yap)/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (Taz). An inhibitor of Yap, Verteporfin, could block Nogo-B-Yap/Taz-mediated macrophages M2 polarization. Nogo-B expression in macrophages facilitates tumor-associated macrophages M2 polarization and protumoral effects of TAMs in HCC. Targeting Nogo-B/Yap/Taz in macrophages could provide a new therapeutic strategy in HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University of Chongqing, 400010, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, PR China
| | - Yu You
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University of Chongqing, 400010, PR China
| | - Diguang Wen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University of Chongqing, 400010, PR China
| | - Zhihao Feng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University of Chongqing, 400010, PR China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, People's Hospital of Kaizhou, Chongqing, 400010, PR China
| | - Keting Que
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University of Chongqing, 400010, PR China
| | - Jianping Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University of Chongqing, 400010, PR China
| | - Zuojin Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University of Chongqing, 400010, PR China.
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580
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MacGregor JA, White DJ, Williams AL. The limitations of using the NTP chronic bioassay on vanadium pentoxide in risk assessments. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 113:104650. [PMID: 32246946 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory interest in assessing the health effects of vanadium compounds is hindered by the limited chronic toxicity data available. The National Toxicology Program (NTP) conducted a robust chronic inhalation bioassay of crystalline vanadium pentoxide (V2O5), but this study has noteworthy limitations. Multiple dose range-finding studies were conducted at two separate laboratories that showed cross-laboratory differences in lung pathology (inflammation) in both species and likely complicated dose-selection. In mice, the only tissue pathology (inflammation and tumors) was at the site of entry, the respiratory system. Although significantly different from control, because lung tumor incidences were at a maximal level across all concentrations tested, the ability to extrapolate risks to the public is problematic. In rats, lung inflammation and vanadium lung burdens were comparable to those of mice, but lung tumorigenicity was not substantiated, further raising questions about appropriate species extrapolation. Open questions also exist regarding test material chemical characterization, as the laboratory relied on vanadium measurement in test chambers as a surrogate for V2O5. In sum, the NTP V2O5 study does not provide an appropriate dataset for purposes of classification and risk assessment. Additional repeat exposure studies of vanadium compounds are needed and recommendations for future studies are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David J White
- David White Chemical and Metallurgical Consulting, Apex, NC, USA
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581
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Sun J, Xie T, Jamal M, Tu Z, Li X, Wu Y, Li J, Zhang Q, Huang X. CLEC3B as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in lung cancer and association with the immune microenvironment. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:106. [PMID: 32265595 PMCID: PMC7110733 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01183-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally. Discovering effective biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis is important to reduce the mortality rate and ensure efficient therapy for lung cancer patients. C-type lectin domain family 3 member B (CLEC3B) has been reported in various cancers, but its correlation with lung cancer remains elusive. Methods The GEO, TCGA and Oncomine databases were analyzed to examine the expression of CLEC3B in lung cancer. The CLEC3B mRNA levels in 15 patient tissue samples were detected by real-time PCR and the CLEC3B protein levels in 34 patient tissue samples were detected by immunohistochemistry. A Chi-square test was performed to analyze the correlation of CLEC3B expression and clinicopathological factors. The diagnostic value of CLEC3B was revealed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models and Kaplan–Meier plots were used to evaluate the prognostic value of CLEC3B in lung cancer. The TIMER database was used to evaluate the correlation of CLEC3B and immune infiltration. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed tumor‐associated biological processes related to CLEC3B. Results CLEC3B is significantly downregulated in lung cancer patients compared with nontumor controls according to database analysis and patient tissue sample detection (p < 0.001). Specifically, CLEC3B is significantly downregulated in stage IA lung cancer patients (p < 0.001) and has a high diagnostic accuracy (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve > 0.9). Moreover, low expression of CLEC3B is related to poor progression-free survival (HR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.49–0.74, p = 8.3e−07) and overall survival (HR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.58–0.75, p = 2.1e−10), indicating it as a risk factor for lung cancer. Multivariate analysis value showed that low expression of CLEC3B may be an independent risk factor for disease‐free survival in lung cancer patients (HR = 0.655, 95% CI 0.430–0.996, Cox p = 0.048). In addition, we also investigated the potential role of CLEC3B in tumor-immune interactions and found that CLEC3B might be associated with the immune infiltration and immune activation of lung cancer, especially in squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusions Our findings indicate that CLEC3B expression is downregulated in lung cancer and reveal the diagnostic and prognostic potential of CLEC3B in lung cancer and its potential as an immune-related therapeutic target in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Sun
- 1Department of Blood Transfusion, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,2Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tian Xie
- 1Department of Blood Transfusion, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,2Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Jamal
- 2Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenbo Tu
- 2Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinran Li
- 3School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yingjie Wu
- 4Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingyuan Li
- 2Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiuping Zhang
- 2Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxing Huang
- 1Department of Blood Transfusion, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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582
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Jiang Y, Wang C, Zhou S. Targeting tumor microenvironment in ovarian cancer: Premise and promise. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1873:188361. [PMID: 32234508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of gynecological cancer-related mortality globally. The majority of ovarian cancer patients suffer from relapse after standard of care therapies and the clinical benefits from cancer therapies are not satisfactory owing to drug resistance. Certain novel drugs targeting the components of tumor microenvironment (TME) have been approved by US Food and Drug Administration in solid cancers. As such, the passion is rekindled to exploit the role of TME in ovarian cancer progression and metastasis for discovery of novel therapeutics for this deadly disease. In the current review, we revisit the recent mechanistic insights into the contributions of TME to the development, progression, prognosis prediction and therapeutic efficacy of ovarian cancer via modulating cancer hallmarks. We also explored potentially promising predictive and prognostic biomarkers for ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Chengdi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Medical School/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shengtao Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, PR China.
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583
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Cen Y, Huang Z, Ren J, Zhang J, Gong Y, Xie C. The characteristic of tumor immune microenvironment in pulmonary carcinosarcoma. Immunotherapy 2020; 12:323-331. [PMID: 32212951 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2019-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary carcinosarcoma (PCS) is a rare but aggressive neoplasm, due to late diagnosis and early metastasis. Surgery combined with radiotherapy is a standard treatment. However, PCS features an easy relapse after surgery resection and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Tumor immune microenvironment reflects tumor immunophenotyping and affects immunotherapy efficiency. This review summarized current studies on the characteristic of tumor immune microenvironment in PCS and discussed the potential of immunotherapy combined with other regimes strategy as a candidate for treatments in PCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Cen
- Department of Radiation & Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao Huang
- Department of Radiation & Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiangbo Ren
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junhong Zhang
- Department of Radiation & Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Conghua Xie
- Department of Radiation & Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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584
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Li Z, Hao H, Tian W, Jiao Y, Deng X, Han S, Han J. Nitric oxide, a communicator between tumor cells and endothelial cells, mediates the anti-tumor effects of Marsdenia Tenacissima Extract (MTE). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 250:112524. [PMID: 31884032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Marsdenia tenacissima (Roxb.) Wight & Arn is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine for treating cancer. The anti-tumor effects of the water soluble component of M. tenacissima (MTE, M. Tenacissima Extract) have been intensely studied. However, the roles of microenvironmental cells in mediating the anti-tumor actions of MTE remain to be defined. AIM OF THE STUDY To determine the roles of nitric oxide (NO) released by endothelial cells (ECs), an important component of tumor microenvironment, in regulating the anti-cancer effects of MTE, and to explore the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Co-culture system of ECs and A549 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells was established for determining the interactions of ECs and lung cancer cells. Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) was used to inhibit the production of NO. Cell viability was examined using cell counting kit 8 and 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay. NO assay and Western blot were used to determine the involved signaling pathway. Primary lung microenvironmental cells (PLMCs) were cultured to examine the roles of NO released from the lung microenvironment in regulating the anti-cancer effects of MTE. A subcutaneous xenograft model was established to determine the involvement of NO in effects of MTE against NSCLCs in vivo. RESULTS In the co-culture system of ECs and A549 NSCLC cells, MTE (30 mg/mL) treatment reduced viability of lung cancer cells. However, when L-NAME (a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, 300 μM) was introduced into the co-culture system, the NSCLC-inhibiting effects of MTE were significantly suppressed. By contrast, addition of L-NAME (300 μM) did not affect the anti-cancer efficiency of MTE when ECs were not present. Mechanistically, MTE enhanced endothelial production of NO via stimulating PKA-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) signaling. Elevated levels of NO inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of the A549 NSCLC cells. Importantly, PKA-eNOS-NO signaling was effective in mediating the anti-cancer effects of MTE, when lung cancer cells were co-cultured with PLMCs. Finally, oral administration of MTE to the subcutaneous xenograft mice significantly suppressed tumor growth, while elevated NO productions. Plasma NO was also revealed to be negatively correlated with the tumor weight. CONCLUSIONS ECs significantly contributed to anti-cancer effects of MTE by elevating production of NO, in a PKA-dependent manner. The present study revealed a novel anti-cancer mechanism of MTE through regulating the function of ECs, an important component of tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhandong Li
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education, Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, PR China.
| | - Huifeng Hao
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education, Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, PR China.
| | - Wenjia Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, 102206, PR China.
| | - Yanna Jiao
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education, Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, PR China.
| | - Xinxin Deng
- Ningxia Medical University Pharmacy College, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Research Center of Modern Hui Medicine Engineering and Technology, Yinchuan, 750004, PR China.
| | - Shuyan Han
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education, Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, PR China.
| | - Jingyan Han
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
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585
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Zhang C, Zhang Z, Zhang G, Zhang Z, Luo Y, Wang F, Wang S, Che Y, Zeng Q, Sun N, He J. Clinical significance and inflammatory landscapes of a novel recurrence-associated immune signature in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Lett 2020; 479:31-41. [PMID: 32201203 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has increased alongside increased implementation of lung cancer screenings. Robust discrimination criteria are urgently needed to identify those patients who might benefit from additional systemic therapy. Here, to develop a reliable, individualized immune gene-set-based signature to predict recurrence in early-stage LUAD, a novel recurrence-associated immune signature was identified using a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator model, and a stepwise Cox proportional hazards regression model with a training set comprised of 338 early-stage LUAD samples form TCGA, which was subsequently validated in 226 cases from GSE31210 and an independent set of 68 frozen tumor samples with qRT-PCR data. This new classification system remained strongly predictive of prognoses across clinical subgroups and mutation status. Further analysis revealed that samples from high-risk cases were characterized by active interferon signal transduction, distinctive immune cell proportions and immune checkpoint profiles. Moreover, the signature was identified as an independent prognostic factor. In conclusion, the signature is highly predictive of recurrence in patients with early-stage LUAD, which may serve as a powerful prognostic tool to further optimize immunotherapies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqi Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Guochao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yuejun Luo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Sihui Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yun Che
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Qingpeng Zeng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Nan Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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586
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Abstract
The last decade has witnessed a transformation in the treatment of advanced-stage lung cancer from a largely palliative approach to one where long-term durable remissions and even cures might be within reach. In this review, we discuss the current state of oncogene-directed precision medicine therapies in lung cancer and focus on the major cause of mortality for lung cancer patients: acquired resistance. We consider the multifaceted resistance mechanisms tumors utilize, often simultaneously. We then present areas for future scientific and clinical investigation with an emphasis on population dynamics, early detection, combinatorial therapies targeting resistance mechanisms, and understanding the drug-tolerant persister state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmin Tulpule
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Trever G. Bivona
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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587
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Saggioro M, D'Angelo E, Bisogno G, Agostini M, Pozzobon M. Carcinoma and Sarcoma Microenvironment at a Glance: Where We Are. Front Oncol 2020; 10:76. [PMID: 32195166 PMCID: PMC7063801 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) components represent the multifaceted and dynamic environment that distinguishes each organ. Cancer is characterized by the dysregulation of the composition and structure of the tissues, giving rise to the tumor milieu. In this review, we focus on the microenvironmental analysis of colorectal cancer (CRC) and rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), two different solid tumors. While a lot is known about CRC environment, for RMS, this aspect is mostly unexplored. Following the example of the more complete CRC microenvironmental characterization, we collected and organized data on RMS for a better awareness of how tissue remodeling affects disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Saggioro
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città Della Speranza, Padova, Italy.,Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Edoardo D'Angelo
- First Surgical Clinic, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,NanoInspired Biomedicine Lab, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy.,LIFELAB Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria-CORIS, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianni Bisogno
- Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Agostini
- First Surgical Clinic, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,NanoInspired Biomedicine Lab, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy.,LIFELAB Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria-CORIS, Padova, Italy
| | - Michela Pozzobon
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città Della Speranza, Padova, Italy.,Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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588
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Nelson DB, Mitchell KG, Wang J, Fujimoto J, Godoy M, Behrens C, Zheng X, Zhang J, Sepesi B, Vaporciyan AA, Hofstetter WL, Mehran RJ, Rice DC, Walsh GL, Swisher SG, Moran CA, Kalhor N, Weissferdt A, Wistuba II, Roth JA, Antonoff MB. Immune regulatory markers of lepidic-pattern adenocarcinomas presenting as ground glass opacities. J Thorac Dis 2020; 12:329-337. [PMID: 32274099 PMCID: PMC7139029 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2020.01.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background The tumor immune microenvironment of lepidic-pattern adenocarcinoma remains poorly understood. In this study, we characterized tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and percent PD-L1 expression among adenocarcinoma presenting as either radiographic ground glass opacities (GGOs) or solid lesions. Methods Pathologic specimens of patients with clinical stage I lung adenocarcinoma were analyzed using tissue microarray sectioning. The invasive portion of the tumor was selected for the tissue core. Lepidic growth pattern was confirmed among the GGO lesions using whole section analysis. Progression was defined as pN+ or subsequent recurrence. Results A total of 181 patients were identified, among whom 13 (7%) represented GGOs without clinical progression, 113 (62%) represented radiographic solid lesions that never progressed, and 55 (30%) represented radiographic solid lesions that ultimately did progress. CD57+ cell density, a marker for antigen-specific, oligoclonal T cells and NK cells, differed among the three cohorts, with the highest cell density observed within radiographically solid lesions without progression, and lower cell density both in the radiographic solid lesions that progressed and GGOs. Other TIL phenotypes were not statistically different between cohorts. Of substantial clinical interest, median percent PD-L1 positive cells within GGOs was 14, whereas that of radiographic solid lesions without progression was 22, and radiographic solid lesions that subsequently progressed was 27 (P=0.07). Conclusions Lepidic pattern adenocarcinoma presenting as GGOs and radiographic solid lesions show differential immune regulation. Further studies to investigate whether GGOs representing adenocarcinoma have varying susceptibility to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Nelson
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kyle G Mitchell
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Deparment of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Junya Fujimoto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Myrna Godoy
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carmen Behrens
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Zheng
- Deparment of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Boris Sepesi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ara A Vaporciyan
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wayne L Hofstetter
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Reza J Mehran
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David C Rice
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Garrett L Walsh
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephen G Swisher
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cesar A Moran
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Neda Kalhor
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Annikka Weissferdt
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jack A Roth
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mara B Antonoff
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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589
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The Role of Interleukin 1β in the Pathogenesis of Lung Cancer. JTO Clin Res Rep 2020; 1:100001. [PMID: 34589908 PMCID: PMC8474414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2020.100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic inflammation is associated with an increased risk of several diseases, including cancer. A complex tumor microenvironment created and maintained by a range of cell types promotes tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Inflammasomes, multicomplex cytosolic proteins, generate much of this inflammation, including the activation of the cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β. Inflammation generated by IL-1β is present in several disease states, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, and arthritis. IL-1β is activated when a specific inflammasome, nucleotide-binding domain–like receptor protein 3, induces cleavage of pro–IL-1β into its active form. Nucleotide-binding domain–like receptor protein 3 is up-regulated in lung cancer; IL-1β binds to its receptor and activates signaling pathways, including the MAPK, cyclooxygenase, and nuclear factor–κB pathways, leading to macrophage activation, intratumoral accumulation of immunosuppressive myeloid cells, and tumor growth, invasiveness, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Evidence suggests a role for IL-1β and some of its downstream effectors (e.g., IL-6, IL-8, C-reactive protein, cyclooxygenase-2) as prognostic markers in many malignancies, including lung cancer. Methods A phase III cardiovascular study of canakinumab, a human immunoglobulin Gk monoclonal antibody with high affinity and specificity for IL-1β, was conducted in patients who had a myocardial infarction. Results A subanalysis of this study found that treatment with canakinumab substantially reduced incident lung cancer and lung cancer mortality in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions A phase III trial is currently recruiting participants to evaluate canakinumab as adjuvant treatment versus placebo in patients with lung cancer. Other studies are investigating combinations of established antineoplastic agents and canakinumab in both early- and advanced-stage NSCLC.
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590
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Abstract
The tumour microenvironment plays a critical role in determining tumour fate. Within that environment, and indeed throughout epithelial tissues, cells experience competition with their neighbours, with those less fit being eliminated by fitter adjacent cells. Herein we discuss evidence suggesting that mutations in cancer cells may be selected for their ability to exploit cell competition to kill neighbouring host cells, thereby facilitating tumour expansion. In some instances, cell competition may help host tissues to defend against cancer, by removing neoplastic and aneuploid cells. Cancer risk factors, such as high-sugar or high-fat diet and inflammation, impact cell competition-based host defences, suggesting that their effect on tumour risk may in part be accounted for by their influence on cell competition. We propose that interventions aimed at modifying the strength and direction of cell competition could induce cancer cell killing and form the basis for novel anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medhavi Vishwakarma
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Eugenia Piddini
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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591
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Xu P, Jiang L, Yang Y, Wu M, Liu B, Shi Y, Shen Q, Jiang X, He Y, Cheng D, Xiong Q, Yang Z, Duan L, Lin J, Zhao S, Shi P, Yang C, Chen Y. PAQR4 promotes chemoresistance in non-small cell lung cancer through inhibiting Nrf2 protein degradation. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:3767-3778. [PMID: 32206121 PMCID: PMC7069097 DOI: 10.7150/thno.43142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related deaths worldwide. We have previously identified many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from large scale pan-cancer dataset using the Cross-Value Association Analysis (CVAA) method. Here we focus on Progestin and AdipoQ Receptor 4 (PAQR4), a member of the progestin and adipoQ receptor (PAQR) family localized in the Golgi apparatus, to determine their clinical role and mechanism in the development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: The protein expression profile of PAQR4 was examined by IHC using tissue microarrays, and the effects of PAQR4 on cell proliferation, colony formation and xenograft tumor formation were tested in NSCLC cells. Real-time RT-PCR, co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) and GST-pulldown assays were used to explore the mechanism of action of PAQR4. Results: We provided evidence showing that PAQR4 is increased in NSCLC cancer cell lines (A549, H1299, H1650, H1975, H358, GLC-82 and SPC-A1), and identified many mutations in PAQR4 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues. We demonstrated that PAQR4 high expression correlates with a worse clinical outcome, and that its knockdown suppresses cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis. Importantly, overexpressed PAQR4 physically interacts with Nrf2 in NSCLC cells, blocking the interaction between Nrf2 and Keap1. Conclusion: Our results suggest that PAQR4 depletion enhances the sensitivity of cancerous cell to chemotherapy both in vitro and xenograft tumor formation in vivo, by promoting Nrf2 protein degradation through a Keap1-mediated ubiquitination process.
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592
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Saab S, Zalzale H, Rahal Z, Khalifeh Y, Sinjab A, Kadara H. Insights Into Lung Cancer Immune-Based Biology, Prevention, and Treatment. Front Immunol 2020; 11:159. [PMID: 32117295 PMCID: PMC7026250 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer-related deaths. The malignancy is characterized by dismal prognosis and poor clinical outcome mostly due to advanced-stage at diagnosis, thereby inflicting a heavy burden on public health worldwide. Recent breakthroughs in immunotherapy have greatly benefited a subset of lung cancer patients, and more importantly, they are undauntedly bringing forth a paradigm shift in the drugs approved for cancer treatment, by introducing "tumor-type agnostic therapies". Yet, and to fulfill immunotherapy's potential of personalized cancer treatment, demarcating the immune and genomic landscape of cancers at their earliest possible stages will be crucial to identify ideal targets for early treatment and to predict how a particular patient will fare with immunotherapy. Recent genomic surveys of premalignant lung cancer have shed light on early alterations in the evolution of lung cancer. More recently, the advent of immunogenomic technologies has provided prodigious opportunities to study the multidimensional landscape of lung tumors as well as their microenvironment at the molecular, genomic, and cellular resolution. In this review, we will summarize the current state of immune-based therapies for cancer, with a focus on lung malignancy, and highlight learning outcomes from clinical and preclinical studies investigating the naïve immune biology of lung cancer. The review also collates immunogenomic-based evidence from seminal reports which collectively warrant future investigations of premalignancy, the tumor-adjacent normal-appearing lung tissue, pulmonary inflammatory conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, as well as systemic microbiome imbalance. Such future directions enable novel insights into the evolution of lung cancers and, thus, can provide a low-hanging fruit of targets for early immune-based treatment of this fatal malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Saab
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hussein Zalzale
- School of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Zahraa Rahal
- School of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Yara Khalifeh
- School of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ansam Sinjab
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Humam Kadara
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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593
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Zhang H, Jin Z, Cheng L, Zhang B. Integrative Analysis of Methylation and Gene Expression in Lung Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:3. [PMID: 32117905 PMCID: PMC7019569 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a highly prevalent type of cancer with a poor 5-year survival rate of about 4-17%. Eighty percent lung cancer belongs to non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). For a long time, the treatment of NSCLC has been mostly guided by tumor stage, and there has been no significant difference between the therapy strategy of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and squamous cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), the two major subtypes of NSCLC. In recent years, important molecular differences between LUAD and SCLC are increasingly identified, indicating that targeted therapy will be more and more histologically specific in the future. To investigate the LUAD and SCLC difference on multi-omics scale, we analyzed the methylation and gene expression data together. With the Boruta method to remove irrelevant features and the MCFS (Monte Carlo Feature Selection) method to identify the significantly important features, we identified 113 key methylation features and 23 key gene expression features. HNF1B and TP63 were found to be dysfunctional on both methylation and gene expression levels. The experimentally determined interaction network suggested that TP63 may play an important role in connecting methylation genes and expression genes. Many of the discovered signature genes have been supported by literature. Our results may provide directions of precision diagnosis and therapy of LUAD and SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhou Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Respiration, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhenhai, Ningbo, China
| | - Ling Cheng
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Translation, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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594
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D’Alterio C, Scala S, Sozzi G, Roz L, Bertolini G. Paradoxical effects of chemotherapy on tumor relapse and metastasis promotion. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 60:351-361. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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595
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Katoh M, Katoh M. Precision medicine for human cancers with Notch signaling dysregulation (Review). Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:279-297. [PMID: 31894255 PMCID: PMC6984804 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
NOTCH1, NOTCH2, NOTCH3 and NOTCH4 are transmembrane receptors that transduce juxtacrine signals of the delta‑like canonical Notch ligand (DLL)1, DLL3, DLL4, jagged canonical Notch ligand (JAG)1 and JAG2. Canonical Notch signaling activates the transcription of BMI1 proto‑oncogene polycomb ring finger, cyclin D1, CD44, cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A, hes family bHLH transcription factor 1, hes related family bHLH transcription factor with YRPW motif 1, MYC, NOTCH3, RE1 silencing transcription factor and transcription factor 7 in a cellular context‑dependent manner, while non‑canonical Notch signaling activates NF‑κB and Rac family small GTPase 1. Notch signaling is aberrantly activated in breast cancer, non‑small‑cell lung cancer and hematological malignancies, such as T‑cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and diffuse large B‑cell lymphoma. However, Notch signaling is inactivated in small‑cell lung cancer and squamous cell carcinomas. Loss‑of‑function NOTCH1 mutations are early events during esophageal tumorigenesis, whereas gain‑of‑function NOTCH1 mutations are late events during T‑cell leukemogenesis and B‑cell lymphomagenesis. Notch signaling cascades crosstalk with fibroblast growth factor and WNT signaling cascades in the tumor microenvironment to maintain cancer stem cells and remodel the tumor microenvironment. The Notch signaling network exerts oncogenic and tumor‑suppressive effects in a cancer stage‑ or (sub)type‑dependent manner. Small‑molecule γ‑secretase inhibitors (AL101, MRK‑560, nirogacestat and others) and antibody‑based biologics targeting Notch ligands or receptors [ABT‑165, AMG 119, rovalpituzumab tesirine (Rova‑T) and others] have been developed as investigational drugs. The DLL3‑targeting antibody‑drug conjugate (ADC) Rova‑T, and DLL3‑targeting chimeric antigen receptor‑modified T cells (CAR‑Ts), AMG 119, are promising anti‑cancer therapeutics, as are other ADCs or CAR‑Ts targeting tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 17, CD19, CD22, CD30, CD79B, CD205, Claudin 18.2, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)2, FGFR3, receptor‑type tyrosine‑protein kinase FLT3, HER2, hepatocyte growth factor receptor, NECTIN4, inactive tyrosine‑protein kinase 7, inactive tyrosine‑protein kinase transmembrane receptor ROR1 and tumor‑associated calcium signal transducer 2. ADCs and CAR‑Ts could alter the therapeutic framework for refractory cancers, especially diffuse‑type gastric cancer, ovarian cancer and pancreatic cancer with peritoneal dissemination. Phase III clinical trials of Rova‑T for patients with small‑cell lung cancer and a phase III clinical trial of nirogacestat for patients with desmoid tumors are ongoing. Integration of human intelligence, cognitive computing and explainable artificial intelligence is necessary to construct a Notch‑related knowledge‑base and optimize Notch‑targeted therapy for patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masaru Katoh
- Department of Omics Network, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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596
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Mass Spectrometry-Based Multivariate Proteomic Tests for Prediction of Outcomes on Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy: The Modern Analytical Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030838. [PMID: 32012941 PMCID: PMC7036840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The remarkable success of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has given hope of cure for some patients with advanced cancer; however, the fraction of responding patients is 15-35%, depending on tumor type, and the proportion of durable responses is even smaller. Identification of biomarkers with strong predictive potential remains a priority. Until now most of the efforts were focused on biomarkers associated with the assumed mechanism of action of ICIs, such as levels of expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and mutation load in tumor tissue, as a proxy of immunogenicity; however, their performance is unsatisfactory. Several assays designed to capture the complexity of the disease by measuring the immune response in tumor microenvironment show promise but still need validation in independent studies. The circulating proteome contains an additional layer of information characterizing tumor-host interactions that can be integrated into multivariate tests using modern machine learning techniques. Here we describe several validated serum-based proteomic tests and their utility in the context of ICIs. We discuss test performances, demonstrate their independence from currently used biomarkers, and discuss various aspects of associated biological mechanisms. We propose that serum-based multivariate proteomic tests add a missing piece to the puzzle of predicting benefit from ICIs.
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597
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Tanaka I, Morise M, Miyazawa A, Kodama Y, Tamiya Y, Gen S, Matsui A, Hase T, Hashimoto N, Sato M, Hasegawa Y. Potential Benefits of Bevacizumab Combined With Platinum-Based Chemotherapy in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients With EGFR Mutation. Clin Lung Cancer 2020; 21:273-280.e4. [PMID: 32088115 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2020.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncogenic EGFR signaling has been shown to upregulate vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) expression involved in tumor angiogenesis. However, the clinical benefits of bevacizumab plus cytotoxic chemotherapy for EGFR mutation-positive patients remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate VEGFA messenger RNA expression in patients with EGFR mutation, and to further compare the efficacy of bevacizumab combined with platinum-based chemotherapy between EGFR-mutant and wild-type patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Gene expression of various proangiogenic factors was analyzed in nonsquamous, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients using The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset. Additionally, clinical data of patients receiving carboplatin and pemetrexed (CPem; n = 104) or bevacizumab plus CPem (BevCPem; n = 55) at Nagoya University hospital were retrospectively assessed for progression-free survival and best overall response rate (ORR). RESULTS Among various proangiogenic factors, only VEGFA expression was significantly higher in patients with advanced nonsquamous NSCLC with EGFR mutation compared to wild-type patients (P = .0476). Progression-free survival in the BevCPem group was significantly longer in patients with EGFR mutation than in wild-type patients (10.5 vs. 6.6 months; Wilcoxon P = .0278), while the difference in the CPem group was not significant (6.6 vs. 4.5 months; Wilcoxon P = .1822). The ORRs in the BevCPem group were 54.5% and 36.4% for EGFR-mutant and wild-type patients, respectively, and the ORRs in the CPem group were 35.5% and 28.8 % in EGFR-mutant and wild-type patients, respectively. CONCLUSION VEGFA messenger RNA expression was significantly increased in advanced nonsquamous NSCLC harboring EGFR mutation, and BevCPem provided better clinical benefits to patients with EGFR mutation than wild-type carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichidai Tanaka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Morise
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ayako Miyazawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuta Kodama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yutaro Tamiya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Soei Gen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akira Matsui
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsunari Hase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naozumi Hashimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Sato
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hasegawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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598
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Yang L, Li L, Zhou Z, Liu Y, Sun J, Zhang X, Pan H, Liu S. SP1 induced long non-coding RNA LINC00958 overexpression facilitate cell proliferation, migration and invasion in lung adenocarcinoma via mediating miR-625-5p/CPSF7 axis. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:24. [PMID: 31997940 PMCID: PMC6979366 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-1099-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidences have underlined the importance of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in human malignancies. LINC00958 has been found involved in some cancers. However, the underlying mechanical performance of LINC00958 in lung adenocarcinoma (LAD) has not been explored yet. Methods The expression of relevant mRNA and protein were measured by qRT-PCR and western blot assays. EdU, colony formation, TUNEL and transwell assays were performed to investigate the function of LINC00958 on LAD progression. Luciferase reporter, RNA pull down and RIP assays were conducted to investigate the molecular mechanism of relevant RNAs. Results LINC00958 was found notably overexpressed in LAD, which was associated with the stimulation of its promoter activity induced by SP1. LINC00958 depletion dramatically inhibited LAD cell proliferation, migration and invasion capacities by acting as a miR-625-5p sponge. MiR-625-5p curbed LAD progression via targeting CPSF7 and down-regulating its expression. Mechanically, LINC00958 was identified as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) and positively regulated the expression of CPSF7 via sponging miR-625-5p. Conclusions LINC00958 might drive LAD progression via mediating miR-625-5p/CPSF7 axis, indicating the potential of targeting LINC00958 for the treatment of LAD.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhai Yang
- 1Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital/Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, No. 1098 Xueyuan Road, Xili University Town, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong China
| | - Lili Li
- 2Respiratory Medicine, Liaocheng People's Hospital of Shandong Province, Liaocheng, 252000 Shandong China
| | - Zizi Zhou
- 1Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital/Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, No. 1098 Xueyuan Road, Xili University Town, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong China
| | - Yi Liu
- 1Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital/Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, No. 1098 Xueyuan Road, Xili University Town, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong China
| | - Jinyuan Sun
- 3Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- 1Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital/Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, No. 1098 Xueyuan Road, Xili University Town, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong China
| | - Huiyu Pan
- 1Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital/Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, No. 1098 Xueyuan Road, Xili University Town, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong China
| | - Song Liu
- 3Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092 China
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599
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Zhang Q, Wang W, Zhou Q, Chen C, Yuan W, Liu J, Li X, Sun Z. Roles of circRNAs in the tumour microenvironment. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:14. [PMID: 31973726 PMCID: PMC6977266 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) constitutes the area surrounding the tumour during its development and has been demonstrated to play roles in cancer-related diseases through crosstalk with tumour cells. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a subpopulation of endogenous noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that are ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotes and have multiple biological functions in the regulation of cancer onset and progression. An increasing number of studies have shown that circRNAs participate in the multifaceted biological regulation of the TME. However, details on the mechanisms involved have remained elusive until now. In this review, we analyse the effects of circRNAs on the TME from various perspectives, including immune surveillance, angiogenesis, hypoxia, matrix remodelling, exo-circRNAs and chemoradiation resistance. Currently, the enormous potential for circRNA use in targeted therapy and as noninvasive biomarkers have drawn our attention. We emphasize the prospect of targeting circRNAs as an essential strategy to regulate TME, overcome cancer resistance and improve therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuge Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Quanbo Zhou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Weitang Yuan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jinbo Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Zhenqiang Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China. .,Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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600
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Li Y, Zhang J, Pan S, Zhou J, Diao X, Liu S. CircRNA CDR1as knockdown inhibits progression of non-small-cell lung cancer by regulating miR-219a-5p/SOX5 axis. Thorac Cancer 2020; 11:537-548. [PMID: 31917898 PMCID: PMC7049501 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) participate in the development of human cancers by regulating multiple cell processes. CircRNA antisense to the cerebellar degeneration-related protein 1 transcript (circCDR1as) expression is dysregulated in many cancers, including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the mechanism by which circCDR1as mediates the development of NSCLC remains unknown. METHODS A total of 30 paired cancer and normal tissues were collected from patients with NSCLC. The expression levels of circCDR1as, microRNA (miR)-219a-5p and Sex determining region Y-box protein 5 (SOX5) were measured in tissues or cells by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction or western blot. Cell viability, apoptosis, migration and invasion were detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide, colony formation, flow cytometry and transwell assays, respectively. The target relationship between miR-219a-5p and circCDR1as or SOX5 was validated by dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS CircCDR1as expression was elevated in NSCLC tissues and cells in comparison to the matched controls. Interference of circCDR1as led to obvious inhibition of cell viability, migration and invasion and increase of apoptosis in NSCLC cells. MiR-219a-5p acted as a target of circCDR1as and miR-219a-5p downregulation attenuated the regulatory effect of circCDR1as silencing on NSCLC progression. Moreover, miR-219a-5p targeted SOX5 to repress the progression of NSCLC in vitro. Besides, circCDR1as knockdown reduced the expression of SOX5 by increasing miR-219a-5p level. CONCLUSION Knockdown of circCDR1as inhibited the progression of NSCLC by decreasing cell viability, migration and invasion and increasing apoptosis by upregulating miR-219a-5p and downregulating SOX5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaming Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinzhao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuang Pan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Diao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
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