551
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TMEM88 modulates the secretion of inflammatory factors by regulating YAP signaling pathway in alcoholic liver disease. Inflamm Res 2020; 69:789-800. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01360-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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552
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Liu Q, Liu Q, Lei X, Cao Z, Zhang J, Kuang T, Liu G, Fang Y, Qian K, Fu J, Du H, Yan L, Xiao Z, Li C, Xu X. Protective effect of oil from Cornus wilsoniana fruits against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice. Food Nutr Res 2020. [DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v64.4205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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553
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Lin H, Chen D, Du Q, Pan T, Tu H, Xu Y, Teng T, Tu J, Li J, Lin Z, Wang X, Xu L, Chen YP. Dietary Copper Plays an Important Role in Maintaining Intestinal Barrier Integrity During Alcohol-Induced Liver Disease Through Regulation of the Intestinal HIF-1α Signaling Pathway and Oxidative Stress. Front Physiol 2020; 11:369. [PMID: 32457642 PMCID: PMC7227433 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired intestinal barrier function and oxidative stress injury play critical roles in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), and recent investigations have revealed a role for dietary copper in the liver and intestinal barrier function. Therefore, the current study investigates the mechanisms and role of dietary copper in alcohol induced liver diseases. C57BL/6 mice were used to create an alcoholic liver disease model with a Lieber-DeCarli diet containing 5% alcohol and were fed with different concentrations of dietary copper of adequate (6 ppm, CuA), marginal (1.5 ppm, CuM), or supplemental (20 ppm, CuS) amounts. Caco-2 cells were also exposed to ethanol and different concentrations of copper. Damages of the liver and intestine were evaluated by transaminases, histology staining, and protein and mRNA level, as well as cell proliferation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial membrane potential. In animal experiments, the results indicate that an alcohol diet causes liver injury and disruption of intestinal barrier function as well as decreasing the expression of genes such as HIF-1α, occludin, SOD1, and GPX1. Supplemental dietary copper can revert these changes except for SOD1, but marginal dietary copper can worsen these changes. The in vitro cell experiments showed that proper copper supplementation can promote cell growth and reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In conclusion, supplemental dietary copper has beneficial effects on alcohol-induced intestine and liver injury, and marginal dietary copper shows detrimental effects on these parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Diseases, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dazhi Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qianjing Du
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Diseases, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tongtong Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Diseases, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hanxiao Tu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Diseases, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuedong Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Diseases, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Teng Teng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Diseases, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Tu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Diseases, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Diseases, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhuo Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Diseases, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Diseases, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lanman Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Diseases, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yong-Ping Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Diseases, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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554
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Hong W, Mo F, Zhang Z, Huang M, Wei X. Nicotinamide Mononucleotide: A Promising Molecule for Therapy of Diverse Diseases by Targeting NAD+ Metabolism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:246. [PMID: 32411700 PMCID: PMC7198709 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
NAD+, a co-enzyme involved in a great deal of biochemical reactions, has been found to be a network node of diverse biological processes. In mammalian cells, NAD+ is synthetized, predominantly through NMN, to replenish the consumption by NADase participating in physiologic processes including DNA repair, metabolism, and cell death. Correspondingly, aberrant NAD+ metabolism is observed in many diseases. In this review, we discuss how the homeostasis of NAD+ is maintained in healthy condition and provide several age-related pathological examples related with NAD+ unbalance. The sirtuins family, whose functions are NAD-dependent, is also reviewed. Administration of NMN surprisingly demonstrated amelioration of the pathological conditions in some age-related disease mouse models. Further clinical trials have been launched to investigate the safety and benefits of NMN. The NAD+ production and consumption pathways including NMN are essential for more precise understanding and therapy of age-related pathological processes such as diabetes, ischemia–reperfusion injury, heart failure, Alzheimer’s disease, and retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Hong
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Mo
- West China Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Department of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziqi Zhang
- West China Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Department of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengyuan Huang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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555
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Anti-intoxication and protective effects of a recombinant serine protease inhibitor from Lentinula edodes against acute alcohol-induced liver injury in mice. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:4985-4993. [PMID: 32306051 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10617-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Serine protease inhibitors (serpins) are involved in inflammation, coagulation, fibrinolysis, tumor suppression, molecular chaperone, chromatin densification, and hormone transport. However, their anti-intoxication activity has not been determined. Here, we heterologously expressed the serpin gene from Lentinula edodes in Escherichia coli and purified the recombinant serpin protein from L. edodes (rLeSPI). Then, we administered alcohol and active protein or Haiwangjinzun as a positive control to mice via gavage to evaluate the anti-intoxication activities of rLeSPI in vivo. We also investigated the protective effects of rLeSPI on acute alcohol-induced liver injury in mice by physiological and biochemical assays. The assay results for the anti-intoxication activity revealed that pretreating mice with 5 mg/kg rLeSPI for 0.5 h before gavage with Erguotou liquor (56%V EtOH, 0.15 ml/10 g) significantly prolonged the tolerance time and shortened the intoxication time relative to the results of the control group, thereby proving its anti-intoxication activities. The biochemical analysis showed that rLeSPI improved glutathione peroxidase activity, which was evidently reduced by ethanol. Additionally, rLeSPI significantly improved the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase, which is important in alcohol metabolism, and reduced the intracellular malondialdehyde content, aspartate amino transferase, and alanine amino transferase activity. We concluded that LeSPI displayed anti-intoxication activity and exerted protective effects against acute alcohol-induced liver injury, providing new insight into the prevention of alcoholism and alcohol-related diseases.Key Points• Anti-intoxication activity of a recombinant serpin protein rLeSPI was assessed.• LeSPI displayed anti-intoxication activity in mice.• LeSPI exerted protective effects against acute alcohol-induced liver injury in mice.
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556
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Marrero I, Maricic I, Morgan TR, Stolz AA, Schnabl B, Liu ZX, Tsukamoto H, Kumar V. Differential Activation of Unconventional T Cells, Including iNKT Cells, in Alcohol-Related Liver Disease. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:1061-1074. [PMID: 32154597 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver is enriched in several innate-like unconventional T cells, but their role in alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is not fully understood. Studies in several acute alcohol feeding models but not in chronic alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) model have shown that invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells play a pathogenic role in ALD. Here, we investigated the activation of iNKT cells in an intragastric (iG) infusion model of chronic ASH as well as the frequency and cytokine phenotype of 3 different unconventional T cells: iNKT, mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT), and CD8+ CD161hi Vα7.2- cells in peripheral blood of ALD patients. METHODS Hepatic iNKT cells were investigated using the iG model of chronic ASH that combines feeding of high-cholesterol/high-fat diet (HCFD) with intragastric feeding of ethanol diet (HCFD + iG Alc). Human iNKT, MAIT, and CD8+ CD161hi Vα7.2- cells were examined by flow cytometry in peripheral blood of patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis (SAH) and chronic alcoholics (ChA) and compared with healthy controls. RESULTS In the iG model of chronic ASH, IFNγ+ iNKT cells accumulate in their livers compared with pair-fed control mice and activated hepatic iNKT cells show high expression of Fas and FasL. Notably, IFNγ+ iNKT cells are also significantly increased in peripheral blood of ChA patients compared with SAH patients. MAIT cells are significantly reduced in all ALD patients, but CD8+ CD161hi Vα7.2- cells are increased in SAH patients. Although MAIT and CD8+ CD161hi Vα7.2- cells displayed a similar cytokine production profile, the production of IFNγ and TNFα is significantly increased in SAH patients, while significant IL-17A production is found in ChA patients. CONCLUSIONS We found that the 3 unconventional T cells are activated in ALD patients showing interesting differences in their frequency and cytokine production profile between SAH and ChA patients. In the iG murine model of chronic ASH, iNKT cells are also activated secreting proinflammatory cytokines suggesting their involvement in liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idania Marrero
- From the, Division of Gastroenterology, (IdM, IgM, BS, VK), Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Igor Maricic
- From the, Division of Gastroenterology, (IdM, IgM, BS, VK), Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Timothy R Morgan
- Gastroenterology Section, (TRM), VA Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, California
| | - Andrew A Stolz
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, (AAS), Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- From the, Division of Gastroenterology, (IdM, IgM, BS, VK), Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.,VA San Diego Healthcare System, (BS), San Diego, California
| | - Zhang-Xu Liu
- Research Center for Liver Diseases, (Z-XL), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hidekazu Tsukamoto
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis, (HT), Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, (HT), Los Angeles, California
| | - Vipin Kumar
- From the, Division of Gastroenterology, (IdM, IgM, BS, VK), Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
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557
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Liu XY, Chen GN, DU GM, Pan Y, Song WQ, Jiang TW, Liu HL. Berbamine ameliorates ethanol-induced liver injury by inhibition of hepatic inflammation in mice. Chin J Nat Med 2020; 18:186-195. [PMID: 32245588 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(20)30020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) has become one of the leading causes of death in the world. Berbamine (BM), a natural product mainly derived from Berberis vulgaris L, possesses multiple bioactivities as a traditional medicine. However, the protective effect of BM on ALD remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of BM on ethanol-induced hepatic injury in mice and its underlying mechanism. It was shown that BM at 0.3125-40 μmol·L-1had no effect on macrophages and hepatocytes proliferation. BM at 5-20 μmol·L-1 significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or acetate-induced IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA expression in RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, BM treatment significantly inhibited LPS-induced p65 and STAT3 phosphorylation in RAW264.7 cells. Hepatic histopathology analysis showed that inflammatory cells infiltration and lipid accumulation were suppressed by 25 and 50 mg·kg-1 BM administration in ethanol-induced hepatic injury mouse model. Meanwhile, BM treatment significantly inhibited serum ALT and AST levels in ethanol-fed mice. Oil red O staining results showed that BM administration ameliorated hepatic lipid accumulation in ethanol-fed mice. Preventions of ethanol-induced hepatic injury by BM were reflected by markedly decreased serum and hepatic triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) contents. Real-time PCR results showed that BM treatment significantly inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines mRNA expression in ethanol-fed mouse liver. Remarkably, the mechanism of action of BM was related to the reduction of ethanol-induced NF-κB and STAT3 phosphorylation levels in liver. In addition, BM treatment significantly inhibited ERK phosphorylation but not JNK and p38 of MAPK pathway. Taken together, our results demonstrate a beneficial effect of BM on ethanol-induced liver injury via a mechanism associated with inactivation of NF-κB, STAT3 and ERK pathway, which gives insight into the further evaluation of the therapeutic potential of BM for ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Wu Lien-Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Guan-Nan Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Wu Lien-Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Guo-Ming DU
- Department of Microbiology, Wu Lien-Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yue Pan
- Department of Microbiology, Wu Lien-Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Wu-Qi Song
- Department of Microbiology, Wu Lien-Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Ting-Wang Jiang
- Department of Key Laboratory, The Second People's Hospital of Changshu, The Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Changshu 215500, China.
| | - Hai-Liang Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Wu Lien-Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
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558
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Heck E, Gruslin K, Corder V, Petroll WM, Urban J. Positive toxicology and reactive serology in tissue donors: a retrospective study over a 3-year period. Cell Tissue Bank 2020; 21:427-431. [PMID: 32246221 PMCID: PMC7452869 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-020-09827-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of donor suitability and criteria development for tissue donation evaluation which appropriately addresses the risk factors for disease transmission, especially high risk for Hepatitis B or C, HIV or other transmissible diseases as defined by the Food and Drug Administration, FDA, is a continuing concern for tissue banks. The relationship of drug use, especially IV drugs, has been determined to be associated with an increased possibility of reactive serology (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (USCDC) in Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention. Hepatitis C questions and answers for health professionals. https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/hcv/hcvfaq.htm; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (USCDC) in infectious diseases, opioids and injection drug use, 2018. https://www.cdc.gov/pwid/opioid-use.html; HIH National Institute on Drug Abuse in Health Consequences of Drug Misuse, 2017. https://www.drugabuse.gov/related-topics/health-consequences-drug-misuse). Therefore, prior drug use determined by medical social history screening frequently results in deferral of a potential donor even when the route of drug administration has not been determined to be intravenous. Because of the association of drug use in numerous cases, which come under Medical Examiner jurisdiction, a possible rule out of a number of otherwise suitable medical examiner cases could occur. This retrospective review of medical examiner cases, tissue bank referrals and tissue donors in a 3-year period examines the relationship, if any, between reactive serology and positive toxicology results. These results would appear to indicate assessment of donor medical social history screening is effective in reducing recovery of high-risk donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Heck
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Kristel Gruslin
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Valerie Corder
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Jill Urban
- Institute of Forensic Sciences Dallas County, Dallas, USA
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559
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Avila MA, Dufour JF, Gerbes AL, Zoulim F, Bataller R, Burra P, Cortez-Pinto H, Gao B, Gilmore I, Mathurin P, Moreno C, Poznyak V, Schnabl B, Szabo G, Thiele M, Thursz MR. Recent advances in alcohol-related liver disease (ALD): summary of a Gut round table meeting. Gut 2020; 69:764-780. [PMID: 31879281 PMCID: PMC7236084 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD), which includes a range of disorders of different severity and is one of the most prevalent types of liver disease worldwide, has recently regained increased attention. Among other reasons, the realisation that any alcohol intake, regardless of type of beverage represents a health risk, and the new therapeutic strategies tested in recently published or undergoing clinical trials spur scientific interest in this area.In April 2019, Gut convened a round table panel of experts during the European Association for the Study of the Liver International Liver Congress in Vienna to discuss critical and up-to-date issues and clinical trial data regarding ALD, its epidemiology, diagnosis, management, pathomechanisms, possible future treatments and prevention. This paper summarises the discussion and its conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias A Avila
- Hepatology, CIBERehd, IdiSNA, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jean-François Dufour
- Hepatology, Department of Clinical Research and University Clinic for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexander L Gerbes
- Liver Centre Munich, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabien Zoulim
- Hepatology Department, INSERM U1052, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Cancer Research Centerl of Lyon, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Ramon Bataller
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Patrizia Burra
- Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Gastroenterology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Helena Cortez-Pinto
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia, CHLN, Laboratorio de Nutriçao, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ian Gilmore
- Liverpool Centre for Alcohol Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Philippe Mathurin
- Service des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, INSERM U795, Hôpital Huriez, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Moreno
- Service de Gastroentérologie, Hépatopancréatologie et Oncologie Digestive, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vladimir Poznyak
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, World Health Organization, Geneve, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Gyongyi Szabo
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maja Thiele
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Department of Clinical Research, Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mark R Thursz
- Department of Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
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560
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Cao S, Zhu C, Feng J, Zhu L, Yin J, Xu Y, Yang H, Huang Y, Zhang Q. Helicobacter hepaticus infection induces chronic hepatitis and fibrosis in male BALB/c mice via the activation of NF-κB, Stat3, and MAPK signaling pathways. Helicobacter 2020; 25:e12677. [PMID: 31881556 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been documented that Helicobacter hepaticus (H hepaticus) infection is linked to chronic hepatitis and liver cancer. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying progression of the H hepaticus-induced hepatic inflammation to cellular hepatocarcinoma is still limited. MATERIALS AND METHODS In our study, male BALB/c mice were infected by H hepaticus for 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 weeks. Histopathology, H hepaticus colonization dynamics, select signaling pathways, and expression of key inflammatory cytokines in the liver were examined. RESULTS We found that H hepaticus was detectible in feces of mice at 7 days postinfection (DPI) by PCR, but it was not detected in the livers by PCR until 8 weeks postinfection (WPI). In addition, abundance of colonic and hepatic H hepaticus was progressively increased over the infection duration. H hepaticus-induced hepatic inflammation and fibrosis were aggravated over the infection duration, and necrosis or cirrhosis developed in the infected liver at 24 WPI H hepaticus infection increased levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. Moreover, mRNA levels of Il-6 and Tnf-α were significantly elevated in the livers of H hepaticus-infected mice compared to uninfected control from 8 WPI to 24 WPI. Furthermore, Stat3, nuclear factor-κB (p65), and MAPK (Erk1/2 and p38) were activated by H hepaticus infection. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrated that male BALB/c mice can be used as a new mouse model of H hepaticus-induced liver diseases and that the H hepaticus-induced liver injury is triggered by NF-κB, Jak-Stat, and MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Cao
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Shanghai Lab Animal Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Liqi Zhu
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongliang Xu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haitao Yang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuzheng Huang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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561
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Lee SE, Koh H, Joo DJ, Nedumaran B, Jeon HJ, Park CS, Harris RA, Kim YD. Induction of SIRT1 by melatonin improves alcohol-mediated oxidative liver injury by disrupting the CRBN-YY1-CYP2E1 signaling pathway. J Pineal Res 2020; 68:e12638. [PMID: 32053237 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease is the most prevalent chronic liver disease. Melatonin is known to control many vital processes. Here, we explored a novel molecular mechanism by which melatonin-induced SIRT1 signaling protects against alcohol-mediated oxidative stress and liver injury. Gene expression profiles and metabolic changes were measured in liver specimens of mice and human subjects. Expression levels of Cb1r, Crbn, Btg2, Yy1, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and Cyp2e1 were significantly enhanced in chronic alcohol-challenged mice and human subjects. Levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), hepatic CYP2E1 protein, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were elevated in alcohol-fed WT mice but not in Cb1r antagonist-treated, Crbn null, or Yy1-silenced mice. Importantly, alcohol-induced Yy1 and Cyp2e1 expression, ROS amount, and liver injury were markedly diminished by melatonin treatment and the transduction of Sirt1 in mice, whereas this phenomenon was prominently ablated by silencing of Sirt1. Notably, SIRT1 physically interacted with YY1 and attenuated YY1 occupancy on the Cyp2e1 gene promoter. Melatonin-SIRT1 signaling ameliorates alcohol-induced oxidative liver injury by disrupting the CRBN-YY1-CYP2E1 signaling pathway. The manipulation of CRBN-YY1-CYP2E1 signaling network by the melatonin-SIRT1 pathway highlights a novel entry point for treating alcoholic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Eun Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hong Koh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Severance Pediatric Liver Disease Research Group, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Jin Joo
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Balachandar Nedumaran
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Hwang-Ju Jeon
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chul-Seung Park
- School of Life Sciences and Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Robert A Harris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yong Deuk Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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562
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Chang Y, Ryu S, Kim Y, Cho YK, Sung E, Kim HN, Ahn J, Jung HS, Yun KE, Kim S, Sung KC, Sohn CI, Shin H, Wild SH, Byrne CD. Low Levels of Alcohol Consumption, Obesity, and Development of Fatty Liver With and Without Evidence of Advanced Fibrosis. Hepatology 2020; 71:861-873. [PMID: 31325180 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The effects of low-level alcohol consumption on fatty liver disease and the potential for effect modification by obesity is uncertain. We investigated associations among low-level alcohol consumption, obesity status, and the development of incident hepatic steatosis (HS), either with or without an increase in noninvasive liver fibrosis score category (from low to intermediate or high category). APPROACH AND RESULTS A total of 190,048 adults without HS and a low probability of fibrosis with alcohol consumption less than 30 g/day (men) and less than 20 g/day (women) were followed for up to 15.7 years. Alcohol categories of no, light, and moderate consumption were defined as 0, 1-9.9, and 10-29.9 g/day (10-19.9 g/day for women), respectively. HS was diagnosed by ultrasonography, and the probability of fibrosis was estimated using the fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4). Parametric proportional hazards models were used to estimate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 43,466 participants developed HS, 2,983 of whom developed HS with an increase in FIB-4 index (to intermediate or high scores). Comparing light drinkers and moderate drinkers with nondrinkers, multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CI) for incident HS were 0.93 (0.90-0.95) and 0.90 (0.87-0.92), respectively. In contrast, comparing light drinkers and moderate drinkers with nondrinkers, multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CI) for developing HS plus intermediate/high FIB-4 were 1.15 (1.04-1.27) and 1.49 (1.33-1.66), respectively. The association between alcohol consumption categories and incident HS plus intermediate/high FIB-4 was observed in both nonobese and obese individuals, although the association was stronger in nonobese individuals (P for interaction by obesity = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS Light/moderate alcohol consumption has differential effects on the development of different stages of fatty liver disease, which is modified by the presence of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoosoo Chang
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungho Ryu
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Kim
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Kyun Cho
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunju Sung
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Family Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Na Kim
- Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiin Ahn
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Suk Jung
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Yun
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seolhye Kim
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Chul Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Il Sohn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hocheol Shin
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Family Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarah H Wild
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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563
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Balbinot P, Leone S, Testino G, Caputo F. Hospital readmission of patients with hepatic encephalopathy: Is the introduction of the formal caregiver useful in care management? Dig Liver Dis 2020; 52:358-359. [PMID: 31874833 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Balbinot
- Unit of Addiction and Hepatology, ASL3 Liguria c/o San Martino Hospital, Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Leone
- Unit of Addiction and Hepatology, ASL3 Liguria c/o San Martino Hospital, Genova, Italy
| | - Gianni Testino
- Unit of Addiction and Hepatology, ASL3 Liguria c/o San Martino Hospital, Genova, Italy.
| | - Fabio Caputo
- Department of Internal Medicine, SS Annunziata Hospital, Cento, Ferrara, Italy; "G. Fontana" Centre for the Study and Multidisciplinary Treatment of Alcohol Addiction, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, Italy
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564
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Zhang Y, Jiang M, Cui BW, Jin CH, Wu YL, Shang Y, Yang HX, Wu M, Liu J, Qiao CY, Zhan ZY, Ye H, Zheng GH, Jin Q, Lian LH, Nan JX. P2X7 receptor-targeted regulation by tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside in alcoholic hepatosteatosis: A new strategy towards macrophage-hepatocyte crosstalk. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:2793-2811. [PMID: 32022249 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Regulating macrophage-hepatocyte crosstalk through P2X7 receptors has led to new pharmacological strategies to reverse alcoholic hepatosteatosis. We investigated how tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside (2354glu), isolated from Polygonum multiflorum, modulates macrophage-hepatocyte crosstalk during alcoholic hepatosteatosis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A model of alcoholic hepatosteatosis was established by giving ethanol intragastrically to C57BL/6 mice. HepG2 cells were incubated in conditioned medium from LPS+ATP-activated THP-1 human macrophages with silenced or overexpressed P2X7 receptors. THP-1 macrophages or mouse peritoneal macrophages were pretreated with 2354glu for 1 hr prior to LPS+ATP stimulation. Western blots, RT-PCR and immunohistochemical analysis were used, along with over-expression and silencing of P2X7 receptors. KEY RESULTS Knockdown or overexpression of P2X7 receptors in THP-1 macrophages affected release of mature IL-1β and, subsequently, modulated lipid metabolism in HepG2 cells via the LKB-AMPK pathway. 2354glu ameliorated alcoholic hepatosteatosis in mice by regulating LKB1-AMPK-SREBP1 pathway and its target genes. Suppression of P2X7 receptor activation by 2354glu inhibited IL-1β release and reduced macrophage and neutrophil infiltration. In macrophages stimulated with LPS+ATP, expression of P2X7 receptors, caspase-1 and NF-κB, release of IL-1β, calcium influx and PI uptake were reduced by 2354glu. SIRT1-LKB1-AMPK-SREBP1 axis-mediated lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells was reduced when they were cultured with conditioned media from LPS+ATP-activated THP-1 macrophages pretreated with 2354glu. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Modulation of P2X7 receptors in macrophages regulated lipid accumulation in hepatocytes during alcoholic hepatosteatosis. 2354glu might be a promising candidate that targets P2X7 receptors in macrophages interacting with hepatocytes during alcoholic hepatosteatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Ben-Wen Cui
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Cheng Hua Jin
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Yan-Ling Wu
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Yue Shang
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Hong-Xu Yang
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Mei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Chun-Ying Qiao
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Zi-Ying Zhan
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Huan Ye
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Guang-Hao Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Quan Jin
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Li-Hua Lian
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Ji-Xing Nan
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.,Clinical Research Center, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China
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565
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Vogle A, Qian T, Zhu S, Burnett E, Fey H, Zhu Z, Keshavarzian A, Shaikh M, Hoshida Y, Kim M, Aloman C. Restricted immunological and cellular pathways are shared by murine models of chronic alcohol consumption. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2451. [PMID: 32051453 PMCID: PMC7016184 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59188-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Murine models of chronic alcohol consumption are frequently used to investigate alcoholic liver injury and define new therapeutic targets. Lieber-DeCarli diet (LD) and Meadows-Cook diet (MC) are the most accepted models of chronic alcohol consumption. It is unclear how similar these models are at the cellular, immunologic, and transcriptome levels. We investigated the common and specific pathways of LD and MC models. Livers from LD and MC mice were subjected to histologic changes, hepatic leukocyte population, hepatic transcripts level related to leukocyte recruitment, and hepatic RNA-seq analysis. Cross-species comparison was performed using the alcoholic liver disease (ALD) transcriptomic public dataset. Despite LD mice have increased liver injury and steatosis by alcohol exposure, the number of CD45+ cells were reduced. Opposite, MC mice have an increased number of monocytes/liver by alcohol. The pattern of chemokine gradient, adhesion molecules, and cytokine transcripts is highly specific for each model, not shared with advanced human alcoholic liver disease. Moreover, hepatic RNA-seq revealed a limited and restricted number of shared genes differentially changed by alcohol exposure in these 2 models. Thus, mechanisms involved in alcohol tissue injury are model-dependent at multiple levels and raise the consideration of significant pathophysiological diversity of human alcoholic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyx Vogle
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Section of Hepatology, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tongqi Qian
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas, USA
| | - Shijia Zhu
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas, USA
| | - Elizabeth Burnett
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Section of Hepatology, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Holger Fey
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Section of Hepatology, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zhibin Zhu
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Section of Hepatology, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Section of Hepatology, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maliha Shaikh
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Section of Hepatology, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas, USA
| | - Miran Kim
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Section of Hepatology, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Costica Aloman
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Section of Hepatology, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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566
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Mueller S, Luderer M, Zhang D, Meulien D, Brach BS, Schou MB. Open-label Study with Nalmefene as Needed Use in Alcohol-Dependent Patients with Evidence of Elevated Liver Stiffness and/or Hepatic Steatosis. Alcohol Alcohol 2020; 55:63-70. [PMID: 31713583 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agz078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This open-label study in patients with alcohol dependence and evidence of elevated liver stiffness and/or hepatic steatosis was designed to explore the efficacy of nalmefene (18 mg) in reducing alcohol consumption and its subsequent effects on a variety of clinically relevant liver parameters. METHODS Adult patients with a diagnosis of alcohol dependence and evidence of elevated liver stiffness and/or hepatic steatosis (liver stiffness >6 kPa or controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) >215 dB/m as measured by transient elastography) were recruited at two study sites in Germany. During the 12-week treatment period, patients were instructed to take nalmefene each day they perceived a risk of drinking alcohol. RESULTS All 45 enrolled patients took at least one dose of nalmefene and 39 completed the study. After 12 weeks of study treatment with nalmefene patients showed a reduction in alcohol consumption of -13.5 days/month heavy drinking days and -45.8 g/day total alcohol consumption. Most liver parameters showed modest changes at Week 12; there was a 13% decrease in liver stiffness and 10% reduction in CAP values. Results indicated non-significant negative associations between alcohol consumption and liver stiffness and/or CAP over this 12-week study. Nalmefene was generally well tolerated, and most adverse events were mild or moderate, the most frequent being dizziness. CONCLUSIONS Patients treated with nalmefene for 12 weeks had reductions in alcohol consumption by ~50% relative to baseline and showed trends to improvement in liver stiffness and CAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Mueller
- Department of Medicine and Centre for Alcohol Research, Salem Medical Centre, University of Heidelberg, Zeppelinstraße 11-33, 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mathias Luderer
- Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J 5 68159 Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10 60528 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Doris Zhang
- H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9 2500 Valby Denmark
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567
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Mo Q, Zhou G, Xie B, Ma B, Zang X, Chen Y, Cheng L, Zhou JH, Wang Y. Evaluation of the hepatoprotective effect of Yigan mingmu oral liquid against acute alcohol-induced liver injury in rats. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:32. [PMID: 32024513 PMCID: PMC7076881 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-2817-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Yigan mingmu oral liquid (YGMM) is a herbal medicine based on a famous Chinese herbal formula that has been used for sore eyes for more than 400 years. Eye health is closely associated with the liver based on TCM. This study aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of YGMM against acute liver injury induced by alcohol in rats. Methods Experimental rats were administered with silymarin and YGMM through the gastric gavage during the entire experiment. Starting from the 11th day, the rats were administered orally with 14 ml/kg Red Star Erguotou Liquor, a popular brand, at 4 h after the dose of silymarin (100 mg/kg) and YGMM (1, 2.5 and 5 ml/kg in low, middle and high dosage group, respectively) once a day for 4 weeks except for the rats in the normal group. Biochemical parameters, including ALT, AST, TB, TG, T-SOD, GSH, and MDA were detected to evaluate the protective effect of YGMM. Pathological changes were observed through histopathological examination. Results Treatment with YGMM exhibited a significant protective effect by reversing the biochemical parameters (ALT, AST, TB, TG, and GSH) and histopathological changes. Histopathological examination by Oil Red O Staining Solution showed that lipid droplets were significantly reduced in the silymarin and YGMM groups (p < 0.001) when compared to alcohol group. Conclusions YGMM exhibits a significant hepatoprotective activity against acute liver injury induced by alcohol in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qigui Mo
- Institute of TCM and Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Gao Zhou
- Institute of TCM and Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Baibo Xie
- Beijing Hebabiz Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Hebabiz Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, National and Region joint Engineering Center for Anticancer Drug Development, Qinzhou, 535008, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingxin Ma
- Institute of TCM and Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Zang
- Beijing Hebabiz Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Hebabiz Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, National and Region joint Engineering Center for Anticancer Drug Development, Qinzhou, 535008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Institute of TCM and Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Linyou Cheng
- Guangxi Hebabiz Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, National and Region joint Engineering Center for Anticancer Drug Development, Qinzhou, 535008, People's Republic of China
| | - James Hua Zhou
- Beijing Hebabiz Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China. .,Guangxi Hebabiz Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, National and Region joint Engineering Center for Anticancer Drug Development, Qinzhou, 535008, People's Republic of China.
| | - Youwei Wang
- Institute of TCM and Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China. .,MOE Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China.
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568
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Lang S, Duan Y, Liu J, Torralba MG, Kuelbs C, Ventura-Cots M, Abraldes JG, Bosques-Padilla F, Verna EC, Brown RS, Vargas V, Altamirano J, Caballería J, Shawcross D, Lucey MR, Louvet A, Mathurin P, Garcia-Tsao G, Ho SB, Tu XM, Bataller R, Stärkel P, Fouts DE, Schnabl B. Intestinal Fungal Dysbiosis and Systemic Immune Response to Fungi in Patients With Alcoholic Hepatitis. Hepatology 2020; 71:522-538. [PMID: 31228214 PMCID: PMC6925657 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption causes increased intestinal permeability and changes in the intestinal microbiota composition, which contribute to the development and progression of alcohol-related liver disease. In this setting, little is known about commensal fungi in the gut. We studied the intestinal mycobiota in a cohort of patients with alcoholic hepatitis, patients with alcohol use disorder, and nonalcoholic controls using fungal-specific internal transcribed spacer amplicon sequencing of fecal samples. We further measured serum anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) as a systemic immune response to fungal products or fungi. Candida was the most abundant genus in the fecal mycobiota of the two alcohol groups, whereas genus Penicillium dominated the mycobiome of nonalcoholic controls. We observed a lower diversity in the alcohol groups compared with controls. Antibiotic or steroid treatment was not associated with a lower diversity. Patients with alcoholic hepatitis had significantly higher ASCA levels compared to patients with alcohol use disorder and to nonalcoholic controls. Within the alcoholic hepatitis cohort, patients with levels of at least 34 IU/mL had a significantly lower 90-day survival (59%) compared with those with ASCA levels less than 34 IU/mL (80%) with an adjusted hazard ratio of 3.13 (95% CI, 1.11-8.82; P = 0.031). Conclusion: Patients with alcohol-associated liver disease have a lower fungal diversity with an overgrowth of Candida compared with controls. Higher serum ASCA was associated with increased mortality in patients with alcoholic hepatitis. Intestinal fungi may serve as a therapeutic target to improve survival, and ASCA may be useful to predict the outcome in patients with alcoholic hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Lang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yi Duan
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jinyuan Liu
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Claire Kuelbs
- J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Meritxell Ventura-Cots
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Juan G. Abraldes
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liver Unit, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Francisco Bosques-Padilla
- Hospital Universitario, Departamento de Gastroenterología, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, México
| | - Elizabeth C. Verna
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert S. Brown
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Victor Vargas
- Liver Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Altamirano
- Liver Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Caballería
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Debbie Shawcross
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London School of Medicine at King's College Hospital, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Michael R. Lucey
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, WI, USA
| | - Alexandre Louvet
- Service des Maladies de L'appareil Digestif et Unité INSERM, Hôpital Huriez, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Mathurin
- Service des Maladies de L'appareil Digestif et Unité INSERM, Hôpital Huriez, Lille, France
| | - Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA, and Section of Digestive Diseases, VA-CT Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Samuel B. Ho
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Xin M. Tu
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ramon Bataller
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peter Stärkel
- St. Luc University Hospital, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
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569
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Huang S, Zhou C, Zeng T, Li Y, Lai Y, Mo C, Chen Y, Huang S, Lv Z, Gao L. P-Hydroxyacetophenone Ameliorates Alcohol-Induced Steatosis and Oxidative Stress via the NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Zebrafish and Hepatocytes. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1594. [PMID: 32047433 PMCID: PMC6997130 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), which is recognized as an important health problem worldwide, is a direct consequence of alcohol consumption, which can induce alcoholic fatty liver, alcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis. P-Hydroxyacetophenone (p-HAP) is mainly used as a choleretic and hepatoprotective compound and has anti-hepatitis B, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. However, no experimental report has focused on p-HAP in ALD, and the effect and mechanism of p-HAP in ALD remain unknown. In addition, there is no research on p-HAP in the treatment of ALD. The potential molecular mechanisms of p-HAP against acute alcoholic liver injury remain unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether p-HAP alleviates ALD and to clarify the potential molecular mechanisms. Zebrafish larvae were soaked in 350 mmol/l ethanol for 32 h at 4 days post fertilization (dpf) and then treated with p-HAP for 48 h. We chose various outcome measures, such as liver histomorphological changes, antioxidation and antiapoptosis capability and expression of inflammation-related proteins, to elucidate the essential mechanism of p-HAP in the treatment of alcohol-induced liver damage. Subsequently, we applied pathological hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, Nile red staining and oil red O staining to detect the histomorphological and lipid changes in liver tissues. We also used TUNEL staining, immunochemistry and Western blot analysis to reveal the changes in apoptosis- and inflammation-related proteins. In particular, we used a variety of fluorescent probes to detect the antioxidant capacity of p-HAP in live zebrafish larvae in vivo. In addition, we discovered that p-HAP treatment relieved alcoholic hepatic steatosis in a dose-dependent manner and that the 50 μM dose had the best therapeutic effect. Generally, this research indicated that p-HAP might reduce oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in vivo and in vitro via the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuying Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujia Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqi Lai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chan Mo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuyao Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaohui Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiping Lv
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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570
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Maeda H, Minayoshi Y, Ichimizu S, Mizuta Y, Nagasaki T, Matsusaka K, Oshiro S, Oniki K, Saruwatari J, Ishima Y, Watanabe H, Otagiri M, Maruyama T. Repeated Administration of Kupffer Cells-Targeting Nanoantioxidant Ameliorates Liver Fibrosis in an Experimental Mouse Model. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:93-101. [PMID: 31902937 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Kupffer cells are a major producer of reactive oxygen species and have been implicated in the development of liver fibrosis during chronic hepatitis in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH). We recently reported on the development of a polythiolated and mannosylated human serum albumin (SH-Man-HSA) that functions as a Kupffer cell-targeting nanoantioxidant. In this material, the albumin is mannosylated, which permits it to be taken up by mannose receptor C type 1 expressed on Kupffer cells, and is also polythiolated to have antioxidant activity. To clarify the anti-fibrotic property of this nanoantioxidant, we repeatedly administered SH-Man-HSA to a liver fibrosis mouse model that was induced by the repeated treatment of the concanavalin-A, which mimics the liver fibrosis observed in NASH and ASH. SH-Man-HSA dramatically improved the survival rate and suppressed liver fibrosis in the experimental model. In addition, SH-Man-HSA suppressed hepatic oxidative stress levels, thereby decreasing the numbers of apoptotic cells. In contrast, N-acetylcysteine, which contains the same thiol content as the SH-Man-HSA, failed to show a substantial therapeutic effect in these mice. The expression levels of inflammatory genes including epidermal growth factor module-containing mucin-like receptor (Emr-1/F4/80), Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4), high mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1), CC chemokine ligand-5 (CCL-5), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), CCL-2, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1β, as well as fibrotic (α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and Snail) and extracellular matrix genes (collagen, type Iα2 (Col1α2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1)), showed some decreasing trends by the SH-Man-HSA administration. These findings suggest that the repeated administration of the Kupffer cell-targeting nanoantioxidant, SH-Man-HSA, ameliorates liver fibrosis in mice by suppressing the level of oxidative stress and a portion of the inflammation, and has a potential therapeutic effect against NASH and ASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Maeda
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Yuki Minayoshi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Shota Ichimizu
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Yuki Mizuta
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Taisei Nagasaki
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Kotaro Matsusaka
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Shun Oshiro
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Kentaro Oniki
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Junji Saruwatari
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Yu Ishima
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Masaki Otagiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and DDS Research Institute, Sojo University
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
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571
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Crabb DW, Im GY, Szabo G, Mellinger JL, Lucey MR. Diagnosis and Treatment of Alcohol-Associated Liver Diseases: 2019 Practice Guidance From the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology 2020; 71:306-333. [PMID: 31314133 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 418] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David W Crabb
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Gene Y Im
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Gyongyi Szabo
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
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572
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Zhang Y, Kong D, Wang H. Mucosal-Associated Invariant T cell in liver diseases. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:460-470. [PMID: 32015682 PMCID: PMC6990906 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.39016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT cells) are a new population of innate immune cells, which are abundant in the liver and play complex roles in various liver diseases. In this review, we summarize MAIT cells in the liver diseases in recent studies, figure out the role of MAIT cells in various liver disease, including Alcoholic liver disease, Non-alcoholic liver disease, Autoimmune liver diseases, Viral hepatitis and Liver Cancer. Briefly, MAIT cells are involved in anti-bacteria responses in the alcoholic liver diseases. Besides, the activated MAIT cells promote the liver inflammation by secreting inflammatory cytokines and produce regulatory cytokines, which induces anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization. MAIT cells participate in the liver fibrosis via enhancing hepatic stellate cell activation. In viral hepatitis, MAIT cells exhibit a flawed and exhausted phenotype, which results in little effect on controlling the virus and bacteria. In liver cancer, MAIT cells indicate the disease progression and the outcome of therapy. In summary, MAIT cells are attractive biomarkers and therapeutic targets for liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujue Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Derun Kong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, Anhui 236000, P.R. China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
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573
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Jadžić J, Đonić D. Compromised bone strength in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. MEDICINSKI PODMLADAK 2020. [DOI: 10.5937/mp71-27443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis and/or osteopenia are frequently observed complications in alcoholic liver disease patients, especially in its irreversible stage (alcoholic liver cirrhosis - ALC). Current literature review regarding osteoporosis incidence increased fracture risk, bone mineral density changes, micro-structural alteration and pathogenetic mechanisms leading to ALC - induced decrease in bone quality is presented. It has been reported that osteoporosis is influenceing significant number of ALC patients, with particular accent on lumbar spine, as most commonly affected skeletal site. Several risk factors and ethio-pathogenic mechanisms have been associated with the loss of bone mineral density, in patients with ALC and other cirrhosis. Certain authors claim that dominant mechanism in ALC-induced bone loss is decrease in bone formation and osteoblastic function, while other results suggest increased bone remodeling as underlying cause of increased bone fragility in ALC patients. Increased bone fragility and susceptibility to osteoporotic fractures significantly affect life expectancy and quality of life in patients with ALC. Thus, osteological screening and individual fracture risk assessment are highly recommended for all patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis.
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574
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Qiu S, Zhang AH, Guan Y, Sun H, Zhang TL, Han Y, Yan GL, Wang XJ. Functional metabolomics using UPLC-Q/TOF-MS combined with ingenuity pathway analysis as a promising strategy for evaluating the efficacy and discovering amino acid metabolism as a potential therapeutic mechanism-related target for geniposide against alcoholic liver disease. RSC Adv 2020; 10:2677-2690. [PMID: 35496090 PMCID: PMC9048633 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09305b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics has been used as a strategy to evaluate the efficacy of and potential targets for natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Qiu
- National Chinmedomics Research Center
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Metabolomics Laboratory
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
| | - Ai-hua Zhang
- National Chinmedomics Research Center
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Metabolomics Laboratory
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
| | - Yu Guan
- National Chinmedomics Research Center
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Metabolomics Laboratory
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
| | - Hui Sun
- National Chinmedomics Research Center
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Metabolomics Laboratory
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
| | - Tian-lei Zhang
- National Chinmedomics Research Center
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Metabolomics Laboratory
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
| | - Ying Han
- National Chinmedomics Research Center
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Metabolomics Laboratory
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
| | - Guang-li Yan
- National Chinmedomics Research Center
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Metabolomics Laboratory
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
| | - Xi-jun Wang
- National Chinmedomics Research Center
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Metabolomics Laboratory
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
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575
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Teschke R, Eickhoff A, Brown AC, Neuman MG, Schulze J. Diagnostic Biomarkers in Liver Injury by Drugs, Herbs, and Alcohol: Tricky Dilemma after EMA Correctly and Officially Retracted Letter of Support. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010212. [PMID: 31892250 PMCID: PMC6981464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver injuries caused by the use of exogenous compounds such as drugs, herbs, and alcohol are commonly well diagnosed using laboratory tests, toxin analyses, or eventually reactive intermediates generated during metabolic degradation of the respective chemical in the liver and subject to covalent binding by target proteins. Conditions are somewhat different for idiosyncratic drug induced liver injury (DILI), for which metabolic intermediates as diagnostic aids are rarely available. Although the diagnosis of idiosyncratic DILI can well be established using the validated, liver specific, structured, and quantitative RUCAM (Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method), there is an ongoing search for new diagnostic biomarkers that could assist in and also confirm RUCAM-based DILI diagnoses. With respect to idiosyncratic DILI and following previous regulatory letters of recommendations, selected biomarkers reached the clinical focus, including microRNA-122, microRNA-192, cytokeratin analogues, glutamate dehydrogenase, total HMGB-1 (High Mobility Group Box), and hyperacetylated HMGB-1 proteins. However, the new parameters total HMGB-1, and even more so the acetylated HMGB-1, came under critical scientific fire after misconduct at one of the collaborating partner centers, leading the EMA to recommend no longer the exploratory hyperacetylated HMGB1 isoform biomarkers in clinical studies. The overall promising nature of the recommended biomarkers was considered by EMA as highly dependent on the outstanding results of the now incriminated biomarker hyperacetylated HMGB-1. The EMA therefore correctly decided to officially retract its Letter of Support affecting all biomarkers listed above. New biomarkers are now under heavy scrutiny that will require re-evaluations prior to newly adapted recommendations. With Integrin beta 3 (ITGB3), however, a new diagnostic biomarker may emerge, possibly being drug specific but tested in only 16 patients; due to substantial remaining uncertainties, final recommendations would be premature. In conclusion, most of the currently recommended new biomarkers have lost regulatory support due to scientific misconduct, requiring now innovative approaches and re-evaluation before they can be assimilated into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Teschke
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Klinikum Hanau, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical Faculty, Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, D-63450 Hanau, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6181-21859; Fax: +49-6181-2964211
| | - Axel Eickhoff
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Klinikum Hanau, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical Faculty, Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, D-63450 Hanau, Germany;
| | - Amy C. Brown
- Department of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA;
| | - Manuela G. Neuman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M2 R1 W6, Canada;
| | - Johannes Schulze
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, D-60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany;
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576
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Role of autophagy in alcohol and drug-induced liver injury. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 136:111075. [PMID: 31877367 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.111075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) and drug-induced liver injury (DILI) are common causes of severe liver disease, and successful treatments are lacking. Autophagy plays a protective role in both ALD and DILI by selectively removing damaged mitochondria (mitophagy), lipid droplets (lipophagy), protein aggregates and adducts in hepatocytes. Autophagy also protects against ALD by degrading interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) and damaged mitochondria in hepatic macrophages. Specifically, we will discuss selective autophagy for removal of damaged mitochondria and lipid droplets in hepatocytes and autophagy-mediated degradation of IRF1 in hepatic macrophages as protective mechanisms against alcohol-induced liver injury and steatosis. In addition, selective autophagy for removal of damaged mitochondria and protein adducts for protection against DILI is discussed in this review. Development of new therapeutics for ALD and DILI is greatly needed, and selective autophagy pathways may provide promising targets. Drug and alcohol effects on autophagy regulation as well as protective mechanisms of autophagy against DILI and ALD are highlighted in this review.
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577
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Winder GS, Fernandez AC, Klevering K, Mellinger JL. Confronting the Crisis of Comorbid Alcohol Use Disorder and Alcohol-Related Liver Disease With a Novel Multidisciplinary Clinic. PSYCHOSOMATICS 2019; 61:238-253. [PMID: 32033835 DOI: 10.1016/j.psym.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is prevalent and deadly and increasingly affects younger people and women. No single discipline is adequately equipped to manage its biopsychosocial complexity. OBJECTIVES Depict the scope of the ALD problem, provide a narrative review of other integrated care models, share our experience forming and maintaining a multidisciplinary ALD clinic for over a year, and provide recommendations for replication elsewhere. METHODS Critical evaluation of clinic implementation and its first year of operation. RESULTS The clinical rationale for multidisciplinary ALD treatment is clear and supported by the literature. Such models are feasible although surprisingly rare and vulnerable to various surmountable challenges. CONCLUSIONS Successful ALD clinics must be built by teams with solid personal and professional relationships, supported by institutional leadership, and must use a new kind of multidisciplinary paradigm and training. Consultation-liaison psychiatry is uniquely positioned to lead future efforts in the care and study of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Scott Winder
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
| | | | | | - Jessica L Mellinger
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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578
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Dong XC. PNPLA3-A Potential Therapeutic Target for Personalized Treatment of Chronic Liver Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:304. [PMID: 31921875 PMCID: PMC6927947 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) is a lipid droplet-associated protein that has been shown to have hydrolase activity toward triglycerides and retinyl esters. The first evidence of PNPLA3 being associated with fatty liver disease was revealed by a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of Hispanic, African American, and European American individuals in the Dallas Heart Study back in 2008. Since then, numerous GWAS reports have shown that PNPLA3 rs738409[G] (148M) variant is associated with hepatic triglyceride accumulation (steatosis), inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma regardless of etiologies including alcohol- or obesity-related and others. The frequency of PNPLA3(148M) variant ranges from 17% in African Americans, 23% in European Americans, to 49% in Hispanics in the Dallas Heart Study. Due to high prevalence of obesity and alcohol consumption in modern societies, the PNPLA3(148M) gene variant and environment interaction poses a serious concern for public health, especially chronic liver diseases including alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Therefore, PNPLA3(148M) variant is a potential therapeutic target for chronic liver disease in the rs738409 allele carriers. Currently, there is no approved drug specifically targeting the PNPLA3(148M) variant yet. With additional mechanistic studies, novel therapeutic strategies are expected to be developed for the treatment of the PNPLA3(148M) variant-associated chronic liver diseases in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocheng Charlie Dong
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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579
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Rehm J, Shield KD. Global Burden of Alcohol Use Disorders and Alcohol Liver Disease. Biomedicines 2019; 7:E99. [PMID: 31847084 PMCID: PMC6966598 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7040099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use is a major risk factor for burden of mortality and morbidity. Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are important disease outcomes caused by alcohol use. We will describe the global mortality and burden of disease in disability-adjusted life years for ALD and AUDs, based on data from the comparative risk assessment of the World Health Organization for 2016. AUDs have a limited impact on mortality in this assessment, since alcohol poisonings are almost the only disease category directly attributable to AUDs; most other alcohol-related deaths are indirect, and the cause which directly led to the death, such as liver cirrhosis, is the one recorded on the death certificate. Burden of disease for AUDs is thus mainly due to disability resulting from alcohol use. In contrast to AUDs, ALD is one of the major lethal outcomes of alcohol use, and burden of disease is mainly due to (premature) years of life lost. Many of the negative outcomes attributable to both AUDs and ALD are due to their interactions with other factors, most notably economic wealth. To avoid alcohol-attributable morbidity and mortality, measures should be taken to reduce the AUDs and ALD burden globally, especially among the poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada;
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College St., Toronto, ON M5T 1P8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON M5T 2S1, Canada
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy & Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies, Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
- Department of International Health Projects, Institute for Leadership and Health Management, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya str., 8, b. 2, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Kevin D. Shield
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada;
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College St., Toronto, ON M5T 1P8, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON M5T 2S1, Canada
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580
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Seitz HK. The role of cytochrome P4502E1 in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease and carcinogenesis. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 316:108918. [PMID: 31836462 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helmut K Seitz
- Centre of Alcohol Research (CAR), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg and Department of Medicine, Salem Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Germany.
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581
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Leone A, Battezzati A, Bedogni G, Vignati L, Vanzulli A, De Amicis R, Foppiani A, Bertoli S. Sex- and Age-Related Differences in the Contribution of Ultrasound-Measured Visceral and Subcutaneous Abdominal Fat to Fatty Liver Index in Overweight and Obese Caucasian Adults. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11123008. [PMID: 31835303 PMCID: PMC6950624 DOI: 10.3390/nu11123008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Differences in body fat distribution may be a reason for the sex-, age-, and ethnicity-related differences in the prevalence of fatty liver disease (FL). This study aimed to evaluate the sex- and age-related differences in the contribution of visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) abdominal fat, measured by ultrasound, to fatty liver index (FLI) in a large sample of overweight and obese Caucasian adults, and to identify the VAT and SAT cut-off values predictive of high FL risk. A cross-sectional study on 8103 subjects was conducted. Anthropometrical measurements were taken and biochemical parameters measured. VAT and SAT were measured by ultrasonography. FLI was higher in men and increased with increasing age, VAT, and SAT. The sex*VAT, age*VAT, sex*SAT, and age*SAT interactions negatively contributed to FLI, indicating a lower VAT and SAT contribution to FLI in men and in the elderly for every 1 cm of increment. Because of this, sex- and age-specific cut-off values for VAT and SAT were estimated. In conclusion, abdominal adipose tissue depots are associated with FLI, but their contribution is sex- and age-dependent. Sex- and age-specific cut-off values of ultrasound-measured VAT and SAT are suggested, but they need to be validated in external populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Leone
- Department of Food, International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Sandro Botticelli 21, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.L.); (L.V.); (R.D.A.); (A.F.); (S.B.)
| | - Alberto Battezzati
- Department of Food, International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Sandro Botticelli 21, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.L.); (L.V.); (R.D.A.); (A.F.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-503-16643
| | - Giorgio Bedogni
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Liver Research Canter, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy;
| | - Laila Vignati
- Department of Food, International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Sandro Botticelli 21, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.L.); (L.V.); (R.D.A.); (A.F.); (S.B.)
| | - Angelo Vanzulli
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Ramona De Amicis
- Department of Food, International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Sandro Botticelli 21, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.L.); (L.V.); (R.D.A.); (A.F.); (S.B.)
| | - Andrea Foppiani
- Department of Food, International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Sandro Botticelli 21, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.L.); (L.V.); (R.D.A.); (A.F.); (S.B.)
| | - Simona Bertoli
- Department of Food, International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Sandro Botticelli 21, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.L.); (L.V.); (R.D.A.); (A.F.); (S.B.)
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Lab of Nutrition and Obesity Research, 20145 Milan, Italy
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582
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García-Calvo X, Bolao F, Sanvisens A, Zuluaga P, Tor J, Muga R, Fuster D. Significance of Markers of Monocyte Activation (CD163 and sCD14) and Inflammation (IL-6) in Patients Admitted for Alcohol Use Disorder Treatment. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 44:152-158. [PMID: 31797394 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monocyte activation and inflammation are prominent features of alcohol-related liver disease; however, they have not been thoroughly assessed in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) without overt liver disease. This study aimed to analyze associations among clinical and laboratory variables and markers of monocyte activation (CD163 and sCD14), and inflammation (interleukin [IL]-6) among AUD patients. METHODS We analyzed the aforementioned associations in the highest quartile in 289 patients (77.5% male; median age, 50 years) consecutively admitted for alcohol detoxification in 2 tertiary hospitals in the Barcelona metropolitan area, Spain. RESULTS Median alcohol intake was 142 g/d; median glucose, albumin, creatinine, and bilirubin levels (mg/dl), 92, 40, 0.78, and 0.69, respectively; median AST, 41 U/l; median hemoglobin, median corpuscular volume, and platelet count, 14.1 g/dl, 94.8 fL, and 189 × 109 /l, respectively; median cholesterol, triglyceride, fibrinogen, and ferritin levels, 187 mg/dl, 109.3 mg/dl, 341 mg/dl, and 177 ng/ml, respectively. In addition, 36.7% patients had an erythrocyte sedimentation rate >20 mm, 32.5% had a C-reactive protein (CRP) level of >5 mg/l, and 10.9% were hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive. Median CD163, sCD14, and IL-6 levels were 759, 1.68 × 106 , and 4.37 pg/ml, respectively. On logistic regression analyses, glucose, AST, bilirubin, hemoglobin levels, and HCV infection (adjusted odds ratio [aORs]: 1.01, 1.02, 3.04, and 9.73, respectively) were associated with CD163. Glucose, AST, triglyceride, and CRP >5 mg/l (aORs: 1.02, 1.01, 1.00, and 3.49, respectively) were associated with sCD14. Alcohol consumption upon admission, MCV, total cholesterol levels, and CRP >5 mg/l (aORs: 0.99, 1.05, 0.99, and 2.56, respectively) were associated with IL-6. CONCLUSIONS Monocyte activation and systemic inflammation are associated with higher glucose, liver enzyme, and lipid levels, HCV infections, and CRP of >5 mg/l, thus potentially identifying patients with AUD at high risk of midterm poor outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier García-Calvo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Addiction Unit, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol. Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferran Bolao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arantza Sanvisens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Addiction Unit, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol. Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paola Zuluaga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Addiction Unit, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol. Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Tor
- Department of Internal Medicine, Addiction Unit, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol. Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert Muga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Addiction Unit, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol. Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Fuster
- Department of Internal Medicine, Addiction Unit, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol. Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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583
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Abstract
The rising incidence of alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) demands making urgent progress in understanding the fundamental molecular basis of alcohol-related hepatocellular damage. One of the key early events accompanying chronic alcohol usage is the accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs) in the hepatocellular cytoplasm. LDs are far from inert sites of neutral lipid storage; rather, they represent key organelles that play vital roles in the metabolic state of the cell. In this review, we will examine the biology of these structures and outline recent efforts being made to understand the effects of alcohol exposure on the biogenesis, catabolism, and motility of LDs and how their dynamic nature is perturbed in the context of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Schulze
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,Corresponding author. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. (R.J. Schulze)
| | - Wen-Xing Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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584
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Fromenty B. Inhibition of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in drug-induced hepatic steatosis. LIVER RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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585
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Furuya S, Argemi J, Uehara T, Katou Y, Fouts DE, Schnabl B, Dubuquoy L, Belorkar A, Vadigepalli R, Kono H, Bataller R, Rusyn I. A Novel Mouse Model of Acute-on-Chronic Cholestatic Alcoholic Liver Disease: A Systems Biology Comparison With Human Alcoholic Hepatitis. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 44:87-101. [PMID: 31710124 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-related liver disease is the main cause of liver-related mortality worldwide. The development of novel targeted therapies for patients with advanced forms (i.e., alcoholic hepatitis, AH) is hampered by the lack of suitable animal models. Here, we developed a novel mouse model of acute-on-chronic alcohol liver injury with cholestasis and fibrosis and performed an extensive molecular comparative analysis with human AH. METHODS For the mouse model of acute-on-chronic liver injury, we used 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC, 0.05% w/w) diet for 8 weeks to establish cholestatic liver fibrosis. After 1-week washout period, male mice were fed intragastrically for 4 weeks with up to 24 g/kg of ethyl alcohol in a high-fat diet. This animal model was phenotyped using histopathology, clinical chemistry, microbiome, and gene expression approaches. Data were compared to the phenotypes of human alcohol-related liver disease, including AH. RESULTS Mice with cholestatic liver fibrosis and subsequent alcohol exposure (DDC + EtOH) exhibited exacerbated liver fibrosis with a pericellular pattern, increased neutrophil infiltration, and ductular proliferation, all characteristics of human AH. DDC administration had no effect on urine alcohol concentration or liver steatosis. Importantly, DDC- and alcohol-treated mice showed a transcriptomic signature that resembled that of patients with AH. Finally, we show that mice in the DDC + EtOH group had an increased gut barrier dysfunction, mimicking an important pathophysiological mechanism of human AH. CONCLUSIONS We developed a novel mouse model of acute-on-chronic cholestatic alcoholic liver injury that has considerable translational potential and can be used to test novel therapeutic modalities for AH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Furuya
- From the , Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences (SF, IR), Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Josepmaria Argemi
- Center for Liver Diseases, (JA, RB), Pittsburgh Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Takeki Uehara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, (TU, YK), Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuuki Katou
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, (TU, YK), Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, (BS), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Laurent Dubuquoy
- Unité INSERM 995, (LD), Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Huriez, Lille Service des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Lille, France
| | - Abha Belorkar
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, (AB, RV), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rajanikanth Vadigepalli
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, (AB, RV), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hiroshi Kono
- First Department of Surgery, (HK), University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan
| | - Ramon Bataller
- Center for Liver Diseases, (JA, RB), Pittsburgh Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- From the , Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences (SF, IR), Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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586
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Anty R, Gual P. [Pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease]. Presse Med 2019; 48:1468-1483. [PMID: 31767252 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2019.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a complex chronic disease resulting from an interaction between genetic and environmental factors. The phenotype and pathophysiology of NAFLD is heterogeneous. NAFLD is a continuum of histological lesions of the liver from steatosis, Non-Alcoholic SteatoHepatitis (NASH), NASH with fibrosis, cirrhosis to hepatocellular carcinoma. The pathophysiology encompasses a dysfunction in fatty tissue (sub-cutaneous and visceral) associated with insulin-resistance and metabolic inflammation. NAFLD is a "multi-systemic" disease. Reciprocal and aggravating interactions exist between NAFLD, cardiovascular anomalies and diabetes. The understanding of the mechanisms responsible for NAFLD allows the identification of potential novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolphe Anty
- Université Côte d'Azur, CHU, Inserm, U1065, C3M, 06000 Nice, France.
| | - Philippe Gual
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, U1065, C3M, 06000 Nice, France
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587
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Distinct metabolic adaptation of liver circadian pathways to acute and chronic patterns of alcohol intake. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:25250-25259. [PMID: 31757851 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1911189116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Binge drinking and chronic exposure to ethanol contribute to alcoholic liver diseases (ALDs). A potential link between ALDs and circadian disruption has been observed, though how different patterns of alcohol consumption differentially impact hepatic circadian metabolism remains virtually unexplored. Using acute versus chronic ethanol feeding, we reveal differential reprogramming of the circadian transcriptome in the liver. Specifically, rewiring of diurnal SREBP transcriptional pathway leads to distinct hepatic signatures in acetyl-CoA metabolism that are translated into the subcellular patterns of protein acetylation. Thus, distinct drinking patterns of alcohol dictate differential adaptation of hepatic circadian metabolism.
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588
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Lee JS, Mukhopadhyay P, Matyas C, Trojnar E, Paloczi J, Yang YR, Blank BA, Savage C, Sorokin AV, Mehta NN, Vendruscolo JCM, Koob GF, Vendruscolo LF, Pacher P, Lohoff FW. PCSK9 inhibition as a novel therapeutic target for alcoholic liver disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17167. [PMID: 31748600 PMCID: PMC6868240 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53603-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) causes significant morbidity and mortality, and pharmacological treatment options are limited. In this study, we evaluated the PCSK9 inhibitor alirocumab, a monoclonal antibody that robustly reduces low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), for the treatment of ALD using a rat model of chronic alcohol exposure. Alirocumab (50 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered weekly for 6 weeks to rats receiving a 12% alcohol liquid diet or an isocaloric control diet. At the end of the alcohol exposure protocol, serum and liver samples were obtained for molecular characterization and histopathological analysis. PCSK9 inhibition with alirocumab attenuated alcohol-induced hepatic triglyceride accumulation through regulation of lipid metabolism (mRNA expression of modulators of fatty acid synthesis (FAS) and catabolism (PPARα and CPT1)), hepatocellular injury (ALT), hepatic inflammation (mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines (TNFa, IL-1β, IL-22, IL-33, IL-17α, IL-2, MIP-2, and MCP-1), and neutrophil infiltration (myeloperoxidase staining)). Alirocumab treatment also attenuated alcohol-induced PCSK9 mRNA elevation and upregulated LDL-receptor (LDL-R) via modulation of the transcription factors (SREBP-1, SREBP-2, and E2F1) in liver. We demonstrated that chronic anti-PCSK9 treatment using the monoclonal antibody alirocumab attenuated alcohol-induced steatohepatitis in the rat model. Given the large unmet clinical need for effective and novel treatments for ALD, anti-PCSK9 treatment with the monoclonal antibody that spares liver metabolism is a viable new therapeutic possibility. Future studies are needed to elucidate the exact role of PCSK9 in ALD and alcohol use disorder (AUD) and to evaluate efficacy and safety of anti-PCSK9 treatment in clinical populations with ALD/AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Soo Lee
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Partha Mukhopadhyay
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Csaba Matyas
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eszter Trojnar
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Janos Paloczi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yuan Ru Yang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brandon A Blank
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cody Savage
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexander V Sorokin
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nehal N Mehta
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Janaina C M Vendruscolo
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - George F Koob
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leandro F Vendruscolo
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pal Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Falk W Lohoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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589
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Choi WM, Kim HH, Kim MH, Cinar R, Yi HS, Eun HS, Kim SH, Choi YJ, Lee YS, Kim SY, Seo W, Lee JH, Shim YR, Kim YE, Yang K, Ryu T, Hwang JH, Lee CH, Choi HS, Gao B, Kim W, Kim SK, Kunos G, Jeong WI. Glutamate Signaling in Hepatic Stellate Cells Drives Alcoholic Steatosis. Cell Metab 2019; 30:877-889.e7. [PMID: 31474565 PMCID: PMC6834910 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Activation of hepatocyte cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB1R) by hepatic stellate cell (HSC)-derived 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) drives de novo lipogenesis in alcoholic liver disease (ALD). How alcohol stimulates 2-AG production in HSCs is unknown. Here, we report that chronic alcohol consumption induced hepatic cysteine deficiency and subsequent glutathione depletion by impaired transsulfuration pathway. A compensatory increase in hepatic cystine-glutamate anti-porter xCT boosted extracellular glutamate levels coupled to cystine uptake both in mice and in patients with ALD. Alcohol also induced the selective expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor-5 (mGluR5) in HSCs where mGluR5 activation stimulated 2-AG production. Consistently, genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of mGluR5 or xCT attenuated alcoholic steatosis in mice via the suppression of 2-AG production and subsequent CB1R-mediated de novo lipogenesis. We conclude that a bidirectional signaling operates at a metabolic synapse between hepatocytes and HSCs through xCT-mediated glutamate-mGluR5 signaling to produce 2-AG, which induces CB1R-mediated alcoholic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Mook Choi
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Gastroenterology, Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Hoon Kim
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Ho Kim
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Resat Cinar
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hyon-Seung Yi
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University, School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Soo Eun
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University, School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Hwan Kim
- Department of Surgery, Chungnam National University, College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jae Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sun Lee
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhyo Seo
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jun-Hee Lee
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ri Shim
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Eun Kim
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Keungmo Yang
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tom Ryu
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Hwang
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hueng-Sik Choi
- School of the Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyum Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - George Kunos
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Won-Il Jeong
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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590
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Kim HG, Huang M, Xin Y, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Wang G, Liu S, Wan J, Ahmadi AR, Sun Z, Liangpunsakul S, Xiong X, Dong XC. The epigenetic regulator SIRT6 protects the liver from alcohol-induced tissue injury by reducing oxidative stress in mice. J Hepatol 2019; 71:960-969. [PMID: 31295533 PMCID: PMC6801027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS As a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylase and a key epigenetic regulator, sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) has been implicated in the regulation of metabolism, DNA repair, and inflammation. However, the role of SIRT6 in alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the function and mechanism of SIRT6 in ALD pathogenesis. METHODS We developed and characterized Sirt6 knockout (KO) and transgenic mouse models that were treated with either control or ethanol diet. Hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress were analyzed using biochemical and histological methods. Gene regulation was analyzed by luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. RESULTS The Sirt6 KO mice developed severe liver injury characterized by a remarkable increase of oxidative stress and inflammation, whereas the Sirt6 transgenic mice were protected from ALD via normalization of hepatic lipids, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress. Our molecular analysis has identified a number of novel Sirt6-regulated genes that are involved in antioxidative stress, including metallothionein 1 and 2 (Mt1 and Mt2). Mt1/2 genes were downregulated in the livers of Sirt6 KO mice and patients with alcoholic hepatitis. Overexpression of Mt1 in the liver of Sirt6 KO mice improved ALD by reducing hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation. We also identified a critical link between SIRT6 and metal regulatory transcription factor 1 (Mtf1) via a physical interaction and functional coactivation. Mt1/2 promoter reporter assays showed a strong synergistic effect of SIRT6 on the transcriptional activity of Mtf1. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that SIRT6 plays a critical protective role against ALD and it may serve as a potential therapeutic target for ALD. LAY SUMMARY The liver, the primary organ for ethanol metabolism, can be damaged by the byproducts of ethanol metabolism, including reactive oxygen species. In this study, we have identified a key epigenetic regulator SIRT6 that plays a critical role in protecting the liver from oxidative stress-induced liver injury. Thus, our data suggest that SIRT6 may be a potential therapeutic target for alcohol-related liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Geug Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Menghao Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Yue Xin
- School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, P.R. China,Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Integrative Physiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Xinge Zhang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, P.R. China,Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Integrative Physiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, P.R. China
| | - Gaihong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.,Center of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Ali Reza Ahmadi
- Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Zhaoli Sun
- Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.,Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Xiwen Xiong
- School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Integrative Physiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China.
| | - Xiaocheng Charlie Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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591
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Pohanka M. Antidotes Against Methanol Poisoning: A Review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:1126-1133. [PMID: 30864518 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666190312150407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Methanol is the simplest alcohol. Compared to ethanol that is fully detoxified by metabolism. Methanol gets activated in toxic products by the enzymes, alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase. Paradoxically, the same enzymes convert ethanol to harmless acetic acid. This review is focused on a discussion and overview of the literature devoted to methanol toxicology and antidotal therapy. Regarding the antidotal therapy, three main approaches are presented in the text: 1) ethanol as a competitive inhibitor in alcohol dehydrogenase; 2) use of drugs like fomepizole inhibiting alcohol dehydrogenase; 3) tetrahydrofolic acid and its analogues reacting with the formate as a final product of methanol metabolism. All the types of antidotal therapies are described and how they protect from toxic sequelae of methanol is explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Pohanka
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, Hradec Kralove CZ-50001, Czech Republic
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592
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Balboa MA, de Pablo N, Meana C, Balsinde J. The role of lipins in innate immunity and inflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:1328-1337. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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593
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Alcoholic Liver Disease: Current Mechanistic Aspects with Focus on Their Clinical Relevance. Biomedicines 2019; 7:biomedicines7030068. [PMID: 31491888 PMCID: PMC6783919 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7030068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The spectrum of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is broad and includes alcoholic fatty liver, alcoholic steatohepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, alcoholic fibrosis, alcoholic cirrhosis, and alcoholic hepatocellular carcinoma, best explained as a five-hit sequelae of injurious steps. ALD is not primarily the result of malnutrition as assumed for many decades but due to the ingested alcohol and its metabolic consequences although malnutrition may marginally contribute to disease aggravation. Ethanol is metabolized in the liver to the heavily reactive acetaldehyde via the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and the cytochrome P450 isoform 2E1 of the microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS). The resulting disturbances modify not only the liver parenchymal cells but also non-parenchymal cells such as Kupffer cells (KCs), hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs). These are activated by acetaldehyde, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and endotoxins, which are produced from bacteria in the gut and reach the liver due to gut leakage. A variety of intrahepatic signaling pathways and innate or acquired immune reactions are under discussion contributing to the pathogenesis of ALD via the five injurious hits responsible for disease aggravation. As some of the mechanistic steps are based on studies with in vitro cell systems or animal models, respective proposals for humans may be considered as tentative. However, sufficient evidence is provided for clinical risk factors that include the amount of alcohol used daily for more than a decade, gender differences with higher susceptibility of women, genetic predisposition, and preexisting liver disease. In essence, efforts within the last years were devoted to shed more light in the pathogenesis of ALD, much has been achieved but issues remain to what extent results obtained from experimental studies can be transferred to humans.
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594
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Xu K, Montalvo‐Ortiz JL, Zhang X, Southwick SM, Krystal JH, Pietrzak RH, Gelernter J. Epigenome‐Wide
DNA
Methylation Association Analysis Identified Novel Loci in Peripheral Cells for Alcohol Consumption Among European American Male Veterans. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:2111-2121. [PMID: 31386212 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- Department of Psychiatry Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System West Haven Connecticut
| | - Janitza L. Montalvo‐Ortiz
- Department of Psychiatry Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System West Haven Connecticut
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System West Haven Connecticut
| | - Steven M. Southwick
- Department of Psychiatry Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System West Haven Connecticut
- Clinical Neurosciences Division U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder West Haven Connecticut
| | - John H. Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System West Haven Connecticut
- Clinical Neurosciences Division U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder West Haven Connecticut
| | - Robert H. Pietrzak
- Department of Psychiatry Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System West Haven Connecticut
- Clinical Neurosciences Division U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder West Haven Connecticut
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System West Haven Connecticut
- Clinical Neurosciences Division U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder West Haven Connecticut
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595
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Philips CA, Augustine P, Yerol PK, Rajesh S, Mahadevan P. Severe alcoholic hepatitis: current perspectives. Hepat Med 2019; 11:97-108. [PMID: 31496843 PMCID: PMC6691395 DOI: 10.2147/hmer.s197933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is a catastrophic disease in the natural history of alcoholic liver disease with a very high 180-day mortality. It can present as acute on chronic liver failure with worse prognosis in the presence of infections and higher grades of liver disease severity. The clinical scenario involves a patient with a recent history of heavy alcohol consumption within three months of presentation with jaundice and characteristic liver enzyme elevation pattern with coagulopathy, hepatic encephalopathy, variceal bleeding and sepsis that results in extrahepatic organ failures. Several liver disease severities and therapy response indicators are in clinical use. Even though not approved, the only recommended treatment option for patients with severe AH is corticosteroids, which is without long term survival benefit. Novel efficacious treatment options awaiting high-quality multi-center studies include liver transplantation (involves strict selection criteria), growth factor therapy and fecal microbiota transplantation. In this exhaustive review, we discuss the definitions, disease severity, histopathology, and treatment options – past, present, and future, in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyriac Abby Philips
- The Liver Unit, Cochin Gastroenterology Group, Ernakulam Medical Centre, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Philip Augustine
- Gastroenterology, Cochin Gastroenterology Group, Ernakulam Medical Centre, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Yerol
- Department of Gastroenterology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Sasidharan Rajesh
- Interventional Radiology, Hepatobiliary Division, Cochin Gastroenterology Group, Ernakulam Medical Centre, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Pushpa Mahadevan
- Clinical Pathology, VPS Lakeshore Hospital, Nettoor, Kerala, India
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596
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Róvero Costa M, Leite Garcia J, Cristina Vágula de Almeida Silva C, Junio Togneri Ferron A, Valentini Francisqueti-Ferron F, Kurokawa Hasimoto F, Schmitt Gregolin C, Henrique Salomé de Campos D, Roberto de Andrade C, Dos Anjos Ferreira AL, Renata Corrêa C, Moreto F. Lycopene Modulates Pathophysiological Processes of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Obese Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E276. [PMID: 31387231 PMCID: PMC6720442 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The higher consumption of fat and sugar are associated with obesity development and its related diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Lycopene is an antioxidant whose protective potential on fatty liver degeneration has been investigated. The aim of this study was to present the therapeutic effects of lycopene on NAFLD related to the obesity induced by a hypercaloric diet. Methods: Wistar rats were distributed in two groups: Control (Co, n = 12) and hypercaloric (Ob, n = 12). After 20 weeks, the animals were redistributed into the control group (Co, n = 6), control group supplemented with lycopene (Co+Ly, n = 6), obese group (Ob, n = 6), and obese group supplemented with lycopene (Ob+Ly, n = 6). Ob groups also received water + sucrose (25%). Animals received lycopene solution (10 mg/kg/day) or vehicle (corn oil) via gavage for 10 weeks. Results: Animals which consumed the hypercaloric diet had higher adiposity index, increased fasting blood glucose, hepatic and blood triglycerides, and also presented in the liver macro and microvesicular steatosis, besides elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Lycopene has shown therapeutic effects on blood and hepatic lipids, increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), mitigated TNF-α, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and further improved the hepatic antioxidant capacity. Conclusion: Lycopene shows therapeutic potential to NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fernando Moreto
- Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil
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597
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Brol MJ, Rösch F, Schierwagen R, Magdaleno F, Uschner FE, Manekeller S, Queck A, Schwarzkopf K, Odenthal M, Drebber U, Thiele M, Lingohr P, Plamper A, Kristiansen G, Lotersztajn S, Krag A, Klein S, Rheinwalt KP, Trebicka J. Combination of CCl 4 with alcoholic and metabolic injuries mimics human liver fibrosis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 317:G182-G194. [PMID: 31188634 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00361.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic and alcoholic liver injuries result in nonalcoholic (NAFLD) or alcoholic (ALD) fatty liver disease, respectively. In particular, presence of fibrosis in NAFLD and ALD requires treatment, but development of drugs is hampered by the lack of suitable models with significant fibrosis. The carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) liver fibrosis model does not reflect human NAFLD or ALD, but CCl4 may serve as a fibrosis accelerator in addition to another injury. Ethanol in drinking water (16%) or Western diet (WD) were administered for 7 wk in mice either alone or in combination with CCl4 intoxications. Extent of fibrosis, steatosis, and inflammation was assessed by histology, transcription, and biochemistry. Furthermore, transcription of fibrosis, proliferation, and inflammation-related genes was studied on human liver samples with fibrosis resulting from hepatitis C virus infection (n = 7), NAFLD (n = 8), or ALD (n = 7). WD or ethanol alone induced only mild steatosis and inflammation. Combination of CCl4 and WD induced the most severe steatosis together with significant liver fibrosis and moderate inflammation. Combination of CCl4 and ethanol induced the strongest inflammation, with significant liver fibrosis and moderate steatosis. The relationship pattern between fibrosis, proliferation, and inflammation of human ALD was mostly similar in mice treated with CCl4 and ethanol. The combination of CCl4 intoxication with WD validates previous data suggesting it as an appropriate model for human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Especially, CCl4 plus ethanol for 7 wk induces ALD in mice, providing a model suitable for further basic research and drug testing.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Alcoholic fatty liver disease with significant fibrosis is generated within 7 wk using carbon tetrachloride as a fibrosis accelerator and administering gradually ethanol (up to 16%) in mice. The similarity in the pattern of steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis involved in alcoholic fatty liver disease to those of the human condition renders this mouse model suitable as a preclinical model for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felicitas Rösch
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Frank Erhard Uschner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Germany.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Queck
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Katharina Schwarzkopf
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | | | - Uta Drebber
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Maja Thiele
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - Andreas Plamper
- Department of Bariatric, Metabolic, and Plastic Surgery, St. Franziskus-Hospital Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Sophie Lotersztajn
- Inserm UMR-1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire UNITY, Service d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Clichy, France
| | - Aleksander Krag
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Sabine Klein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Germany.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Karl P Rheinwalt
- Department of Bariatric, Metabolic, and Plastic Surgery, St. Franziskus-Hospital Cologne, Germany
| | - Jonel Trebicka
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Germany.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.,Department of Medical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark.,European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure-EF Clif, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
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598
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Hepatoprotective Effects of Morchella esculenta against Alcohol-Induced Acute Liver Injury in the C57BL/6 Mouse Related to Nrf-2 and NF- κB Signaling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6029876. [PMID: 31396303 PMCID: PMC6664553 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6029876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the hepatoprotective effects of Morchella esculenta fruit body (ME) and the underlying mechanisms in mice with alcohol-induced acute liver injury. Systematic analysis revealed that ME contained 21 types of fatty acid, 17 types of amino acid, and 12 types of mineral. Subsequently, a mouse model of acute alcohol-induced liver injury was established by oral administration of alcohol for 14 days. Fourteen-day administration of ME prevented alcohol-induced increases in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels and reduced the activity of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase in blood serum and liver tissue. ME appears to regulate lipid metabolism by suppressing triglycerides, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein in the liver. ME inhibited the production of inflammatory factors including chitinase-3-like protein 1 (YKL 40), interleukin-7 (IL-7), plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) in blood serum and/or liver tissue. ME treatment relieved the alcohol-induced imbalance in prooxidative and antioxidative signaling via nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2), as indicated by upregulation of superoxide dismutase-1, superoxide dismutase-2, catalase, heme oxygenase-1, and heme oxygenase-2 expression and downregulation of kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap-1) in the liver. Moreover, ME reduced the levels of phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa-B kinase α/β, inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B α and nuclear factor kappa-B p65 (NF-κB p65) in the liver. The hepatoprotective effects of ME against alcohol-induced acute liver injury were thus confirmed. The mechanism of action may be related to modulation of antioxidative and anti-inflammatory signaling pathways, partially via regulation of Nrf-2 and NF-κB signaling.
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599
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Ren X, Xin LT, Zhang MQ, Zhao Q, Yue SY, Chen KX, Guo YW, Shao CL, Wang CY. Hepatoprotective effects of a traditional Chinese medicine formula against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in vivo and in vitro. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109190. [PMID: 31387170 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Le-Cao-Shi (LCS), a formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), has been used as a folk medicine for protection and treatment of liver injury. However, scientific evidences on its hepatoprotective effects have not been investigated. In this study, hepatoprotective activities of LCS water extracts (LCS-W) and ethanol extracts (LCS-E) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage were investigated in vivo and in vitro. In vivo experiments, pretreatment of LCS-W and LCS-E to rats significantly declined the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and markedly increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ameliorated the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) induced by CCl4 treatment. Especially, LCS-WM group significantly prevented the elevation of lipid peroxidation level induced by CCl4, with the MDA level closed to that of normal group. Histopathological examinations further confirmed that LCS-W and LCS-E could protect the liver cells from CCl4-induced damage. In addition, immunohistochemically analysis revealed that LCS-W could significantly down-regulated the hepatic protein expression of necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Correspondingly, LCS-W and LCS-E were observed to promote cell viability and decline the levels of ALT, AST, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in vitro. It could be concluded that LCS can exert a protective effect against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity, which might be a potential therapeutic prescription for preventing or treating liver injury. Notably, LCS-W displayed better hepatoprotective activity against CCl4-induced injury than that of LCS-E, suggesting that LCS extracted by water decoction has good development prospects. Our results contribute towards the validation of the traditional use of LCS in the treatment of liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Ren
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266237, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Lan-Ting Xin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266237, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Meng-Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266237, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266237, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Shi-Yun Yue
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266237, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Kai-Xian Chen
- Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yue-Wei Guo
- Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chang-Lun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266237, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Chang-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266237, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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600
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Zhou R, Fan X, Schnabl B. Role of the intestinal microbiome in liver fibrosis development and new treatment strategies. Transl Res 2019; 209:22-38. [PMID: 30853445 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The most common chronic liver diseases in western countries are alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Although these diseases have different causes, liver fibrosis develops via shared mechanisms. The liver and intestinal microbiome are linked by the portal vein and have bidirectional interactions. Changes in the intestinal microbiome contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of liver diseases including ALD, NAFLD, viral hepatitis and cholestatic disorders, based on studies in patients and animal models. Intestinal microbial dysbiosis has been associated with liver cirrhosis and its complications. We review the mechanisms by which alterations in the microbiome contribute to liver fibrosis and discuss microbiome-based treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, and Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Xuegong Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, and Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California.
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