601
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Viktorinova A. Iron-mediated oxidative cell death is a potential contributor to neuronal dysfunction induced by neonatal hemolytic hyperbilirubinemia. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 654:185-193. [PMID: 30059654 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The review article discusses current knowledge of iron-mediated oxidative cell death (ferroptosis) and its potential role in the pathogenesis of neuronal dysfunction induced by neonatal hemolytic hyperbilirubinemia. The connection between metabolic conditions related to hemolysis (iron and bilirubin overload) and iron-induced lipid peroxidation is highlighted. Neurotoxicity of iron and bilirubin is associated with their release from destructed erythrocytes in response to hemolytic disease. Iron overload initiates lipid peroxidation through the reactive oxygen species production resulting to oxidative damage to cells. Excessive loading of immature brain cells by iron-induced formation of reactive oxygen species contributes to the development of various neurodevelopmental disorders. The causal relationship between iron overload and susceptibility of brain cells to oxidative damage by ferroptosis appears to be associated not only with the amount of redox-active iron involved in oxidative cell damage but also with the degree of maturity of the neonatal brain. Neuronal dysfunction induced by neonatal hemolytic disease can represent a specific model of ferroptosis. The mechanism by which iron overload triggers ferroptosis is not completely explained. However, hemolysis of neonatal red blood cells appears to be a determining factor. Potential therapeutic strategy with iron-chelating agents to inhibit ferroptosis has a promising future in postnatal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Viktorinova
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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602
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Assessing the Antioxidant Properties of Larrea tridentata Extract as a Potential Molecular Therapy against Oxidative Stress. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071826. [PMID: 30041415 PMCID: PMC6099408 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington's, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis diseases. Larrea tridentata (LT) also known as Creosote Bush is an evergreen shrub found in the Chihuahuan desert which has been used medicinally by Native American tribes in southwestern North America and the Amerindians of South America. However, studies of the antioxidant capacity of the crude extract of LT towards the discovery of novel molecular therapies bearing antioxidants and drug-like properties are lacking. In this study, we assessed the antioxidant properties of Larrea tridentata, collected specifically from the Chihuahuan desert in the region of El Paso del Norte, TX, USA. LT phytochemicals were obtained from three different extracts (ethanol; ethanol: water (60:40) and water). Then the extracts were evaluated in eight different assays (DPPH, ABTS, superoxide; FRAP activity, nitric oxide, phenolic content, UV visible absorption and cytotoxicity in non-cancerous HS27 cells). The three extracts were not affecting the HS27 cells at concentrations up to 120 µg/mL. Among the three extracts, we found that the mixture of ethanol: water (60:40) LT extract has the most efficient antioxidant properties (IC50 (DPPH at 30 min) = 111.7 ± 3.8 μg/mL; IC50 (ABTS) = 8.49 ± 2.28 μg/mL; IC50 (superoxide) = 0.43 ± 0.17 μg/mL; IC50 (NO) = 230.4 ± 130.4 μg/mL; and the highest phenolic content was estimated to 212.46 ± 7.05 mg GAE/L). In addition, there was a strong correlation between phenolic content and the free-radical scavenging activity assays. HPLC-MS study identified nine compounds from the LT-ethanol: water extract including Justicidin B and Beta peltain have been previously reported as secondary metabolites of Larrea tridentata.
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603
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Conrad M, Kagan VE, Bayir H, Pagnussat GC, Head B, Traber MG, Stockwell BR. Regulation of lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in diverse species. Genes Dev 2018; 32:602-619. [PMID: 29802123 PMCID: PMC6004068 DOI: 10.1101/gad.314674.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review by Conrad et al. reviews the functions and regulation of lipid peroxidation, ferroptosis, and the antioxidant network in diverse species, including humans, other mammals and vertebrates, plants, invertebrates, yeast, bacteria, and archaea, and discusses the potential evolutionary roles of lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. Lipid peroxidation is the process by which oxygen combines with lipids to generate lipid hydroperoxides via intermediate formation of peroxyl radicals. Vitamin E and coenzyme Q10 react with peroxyl radicals to yield peroxides, and then these oxidized lipid species can be detoxified by glutathione and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and other components of the cellular antioxidant defense network. Ferroptosis is a form of regulated nonapoptotic cell death involving overwhelming iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Here, we review the functions and regulation of lipid peroxidation, ferroptosis, and the antioxidant network in diverse species, including humans, other mammals and vertebrates, plants, invertebrates, yeast, bacteria, and archaea. We also discuss the potential evolutionary roles of lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Conrad
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.,Department of Environmental Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.,Laboratory of Navigational Lipidomics of Cell Death and Regeneration, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Hülya Bayir
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Gabriela C Pagnussat
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Brian Head
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97330.,Molecular and Cell Biology Graduate Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97330, USA
| | - Maret G Traber
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97330.,College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97330, USA
| | - Brent R Stockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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604
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Abdalkader M, Lampinen R, Kanninen KM, Malm TM, Liddell JR. Targeting Nrf2 to Suppress Ferroptosis and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neurodegeneration. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:466. [PMID: 30042655 PMCID: PMC6048292 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a newly described form of regulated cell death, distinct from apoptosis, necroptosis and other forms of cell death. Ferroptosis is induced by disruption of glutathione synthesis or inhibition of glutathione peroxidase 4, exacerbated by iron, and prevented by radical scavengers such as ferrostatin-1, liproxstatin-1, and endogenous vitamin E. Ferroptosis terminates with mitochondrial dysfunction and toxic lipid peroxidation. Although conclusive identification of ferroptosis in vivo is challenging, several salient and very well established features of neurodegenerative diseases are consistent with ferroptosis, including lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial disruption and iron dysregulation. Accordingly, interest in the role of ferroptosis in neurodegeneration is escalating and specific evidence is rapidly emerging. One aspect that has thus far received little attention is the antioxidant transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). This transcription factor regulates hundreds of genes, of which many are either directly or indirectly involved in modulating ferroptosis, including metabolism of glutathione, iron and lipids, and mitochondrial function. This potentially positions Nrf2 as a key deterministic component modulating the onset and outcomes of ferroptotic stress. The minimal direct evidence currently available is consistent with this and indicates that Nrf2 may be critical for protection against ferroptosis. In contrast, abundant evidence demonstrates that enhancing Nrf2 signaling is potently neuroprotective in models of neurodegeneration, although the exact mechanism by which this is achieved is unclear. Further studies are required to determine to extent to which the neuroprotective effects of Nrf2 activation involve the prevention of ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moataz Abdalkader
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Riikka Lampinen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Katja M Kanninen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tarja M Malm
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jeffrey R Liddell
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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605
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Cell growth potential drives ferroptosis susceptibility in rhabdomyosarcoma and myoblast cell lines. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 144:1717-1730. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2699-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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606
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Maiorino M, Conrad M, Ursini F. GPx4, Lipid Peroxidation, and Cell Death: Discoveries, Rediscoveries, and Open Issues. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:61-74. [PMID: 28462584 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 391] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Iron-dependent lipid peroxidation is a complex oxidative process where phospholipid hydroperoxides (PLOOH) are produced in membranes and finally transformed into a series of decomposition products, some of which are endowed with biological activity. It is specifically prevented by glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4), the selenoenzyme that reduces PLOOH by glutathione (GSH). PLOOH is both a product and the major initiator of peroxidative chain reactions, as well as an activator of lipoxygenases. α-Tocopherol both specifically breaks peroxidative chain propagation and inhibits lipoxygenases. Thus, GPx4, GSH, and α-tocopherol are integrated in a concerted anti-peroxidant mechanism. Recent Advances: Ferroptosis has been recently identified as a cell death subroutine that is specifically activated by missing GPx4 activity and inhibited by iron chelation or α-tocopherol supplementation. Ferroptosis induction may underlie spontaneous human diseases, such as major neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation, causing an excessive cell death. The basic mechanism of ferroptosis, therefore, fits the features of activation of lipid peroxidation. CRITICAL ISSUES Still lacking are convincing proofs that lipoxygenases are involved in ferroptosis. Also, unknown are the molecules eventually killing cells and the mechanisms underlying the drop of the cellular anti-peroxidant capacity. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Molecular events and mechanisms of ferroptosis to be unraveled and validated on animal models are GPx4 inactivation, role of GSH concentration, increased iron availability, and membrane structure and composition. This is expected to drive drug discovery that is aimed at halting cell death in degenerative diseases or boosting it in cancer cells. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 29, 61-74.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Maiorino
- 1 Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova, Italy
| | - Marcus Conrad
- 2 Institute of Developmental Genetics , Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fulvio Ursini
- 1 Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova, Italy
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607
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Bruni A, Bornstein S, Linkermann A, Shapiro AMJ. Regulated Cell Death Seen through the Lens of Islet Transplantation. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:890-901. [PMID: 29845882 PMCID: PMC6050903 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718766323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical islet transplantation effectively restores euglycemia and corrects glycosylated
hemoglobin in labile type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Despite marked improvements in islet
transplantation outcomes, acute islet cell death remains a substantial obstacle that
compromises long-term engraftment outcomes. Multiple organ donors are routinely required
to achieve insulin independence. Therapeutic agents that ameliorate cell death and/or
control injury-related inflammatory cascades offer potential to improve islet transplant
success. Apoptotic cell death has been identified as a major contributor to cellular
demise and therapeutic strategies that subvert initiation and consequences of apoptotic
cell death have shown promise in pre-clinical models. Indeed, in numerous pathologies and
diseases apoptosis has been the most extensively described form of regulated cell death.
However, recent identification of novel, alternative regulated cell death pathways in
other disease states and solid organ transplantation suggest that these additional
pathways may also have substantial relevance in islet transplantation. These regulated,
non-apoptotic cell death pathways exhibit distinct biochemical characteristics but have
yet to be fully characterized within islet transplantation. We review herein the various
regulated cell death pathways and highlight their relative potential contributions to
islet viability, engraftment failure and islet dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Bruni
- 1 Clinical Islet Transplant Program, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,2 Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Stefan Bornstein
- 3 Division of Nephrology, Medical Clinic 3, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- 3 Division of Nephrology, Medical Clinic 3, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - A M James Shapiro
- 1 Clinical Islet Transplant Program, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,2 Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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608
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Abstract
Ferroptosis is a cell death process driven by damage to cell membranes and linked to numerous human diseases. Ferroptosis is caused by loss of activity of the key enzyme that is tasked with repairing oxidative damage to cell membranes—glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). GPX4 normally removes the dangerous products of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, protecting cell membranes from this type of damage; when GPX4 fails, ferroptosis ensues. Ferroptosis is distinct from apoptosis, necroptosis, necrosis, and other modes of cell death. Several key mysteries regarding how cells die during ferroptosis remain unsolved. First, the drivers of lipid peroxidation are not yet clear. Second, the subcellular location of lethal lipid peroxides remains an outstanding question. Finally, how exactly lipid peroxidation leads to cell death is an unsolved mystery. Answers to these questions will provide insights into the mechanisms of ferroptotic cell death and associated human diseases, as well as new therapeutic strategies for such diseases.
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609
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Bruni A, Pepper AR, Pawlick RL, Gala-Lopez B, Gamble AF, Kin T, Seeberger K, Korbutt GS, Bornstein SR, Linkermann A, Shapiro AMJ. Ferroptosis-inducing agents compromise in vitro human islet viability and function. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:595. [PMID: 29789532 PMCID: PMC5964226 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0506-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human islet transplantation has been hampered by donor cell death associated with the islet preparation procedure before transplantation. Regulated necrosis pathways are biochemically and morphologically distinct from apoptosis. Recently, ferroptosis was identified as a non-apoptotic form of iron-dependent regulated necrosis implicated in various pathological conditions. Mediators of islet oxidative stress, including glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPX4), have been identified as inhibitors of ferroptosis, and mechanisms that affect GPX4 function can impact islet function and viability. Ferroptosis has not been investigated directly in human islets, and its relevance in islet transplantation remains unknown. Herein, we sought to determine whether in vitro human islet viability and function is compromised in the presence of two distinct ferroptosis-inducing agents (FIA), erastin or RSL3, and whether these effects could be rescued with ferroptosis inhibitors, ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), or desferrioxamine (DFO). Viability, as assessed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, revealed significant death in erastin- and RSL3-treated islets, 20.3% ± 3.8 and 24.4% ± 2.5, 24 h post culture, respectively. These effects were ameliorated in islets pre-treated with Fer-1 or the iron chelator, desferrioxamine (DFO). Stimulation index, a marker of islet function revealed a significant reduction in function in erastin-treated islets (control 1.97 ± 0.13 vs. 50 μM erastin 1.32 ± 0.1) (p < 0.05). Fer-1 and DFO pre-treatment alone did not augment islet viability or function. Pre-treatment of islets with erastin or Fer-1 did not impact in vivo engraftment in an immunodeficient mouse transplant model. Our data reveal that islets are indeed susceptible to ferroptosis in vitro, and induction of this novel cell death modality leads to compromised islet function, which can be recoverable in the presence of the ferroptosis inhibitors. The in vivo impact of this pathway in islet transplantation remains elusive given the constraints of our study, but warrants continued investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Bruni
- Clinical Islet Transplant Program, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Andrew R Pepper
- Clinical Islet Transplant Program, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rena L Pawlick
- Clinical Islet Transplant Program, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Boris Gala-Lopez
- QEII Health Science Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Anissa F Gamble
- Clinical Islet Transplant Program, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Tatsuya Kin
- Clinical Islet Transplant Program, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Karen Seeberger
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Stefan R Bornstein
- Clinic for Internal Medicine 3, Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Division of Nephrology, Clinic for Internal Medicine 3, Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - A M James Shapiro
- Clinical Islet Transplant Program, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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610
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Agrawal S, Fox J, Thyagarajan B, Fox JH. Brain mitochondrial iron accumulates in Huntington's disease, mediates mitochondrial dysfunction, and can be removed pharmacologically. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 120:317-329. [PMID: 29625173 PMCID: PMC5940499 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction is involved in neurodegeneration in Huntington's disease (HD). Iron is critical for normal mitochondrial bioenergetics but can also contribute to pathogenic oxidation. The accumulation of iron in the brain occurs in mouse models and in human HD. Yet the role of mitochondria-related iron dysregulation as a contributor to bioenergetic pathophysiology in HD is unclear. We demonstrate here that human HD and mouse model HD (12-week R6/2 and 12-month YAC128) brains accumulated mitochondrial iron and showed increased expression of iron uptake protein mitoferrin 2 and decreased iron-sulfur cluster synthesis protein frataxin. Mitochondria-enriched fractions from mouse HD brains had deficits in membrane potential and oxygen uptake and increased lipid peroxidation. In addition, the membrane-permeable iron-selective chelator deferiprone (1 μM) rescued these effects ex-vivo, whereas hydrophilic iron and copper chelators did not. A 10-day oral deferiprone treatment in 9-week R6/2 HD mice indicated that deferiprone removed mitochondrial iron, restored mitochondrial potentials, decreased lipid peroxidation, and improved motor endurance. Neonatal iron supplementation potentiates neurodegeneration in mouse models of HD by unknown mechanisms. We found that neonatal iron supplementation increased brain mitochondrial iron accumulation and potentiated markers of mitochondrial dysfunction in HD mice. Therefore, bi-directional manipulation of mitochondrial iron can potentiate and protect against markers of mouse HD. Our findings thus demonstrate the significance of iron as a mediator of mitochondrial dysfunction and injury in mouse models of human HD and suggest that targeting the iron-mitochondrial pathway may be protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Agrawal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82070, United States
| | - Julia Fox
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82070, United States
| | | | - Jonathan H Fox
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82070, United States.
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611
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Shimada K, Reznik E, Stokes ME, Krishnamoorthy L, Bos PH, Song Y, Quartararo CE, Pagano NC, Carpizo DR, deCarvalho AC, Lo DC, Stockwell BR. Copper-Binding Small Molecule Induces Oxidative Stress and Cell-Cycle Arrest in Glioblastoma-Patient-Derived Cells. Cell Chem Biol 2018; 25:585-594.e7. [PMID: 29576531 PMCID: PMC5959763 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Transition metals are essential, but deregulation of their metabolism causes toxicity. Here, we report that the compound NSC319726 binds copper to induce oxidative stress and arrest glioblastoma-patient-derived cells at picomolar concentrations. Pharmacogenomic analysis suggested that NSC319726 and 65 other structural analogs exhibit lethality through metal binding. Although NSC319726 has been reported to function as a zinc ionophore, we report here that this compound binds to copper to arrest cell growth. We generated and validated pharmacogenomic predictions: copper toxicity was substantially inhibited by hypoxia, through an hypoxia-inducible-factor-1α-dependent pathway; copper-bound NSC319726 induced the generation of reactive oxygen species and depletion of deoxyribosyl purines, resulting in cell-cycle arrest. These results suggest that metal-induced DNA damage may be a consequence of exposure to some xenobiotics, therapeutic agents, as well as other causes of copper dysregulation, and reveal a potent mechanism for targeting glioblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Shimada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Eduard Reznik
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Michael E Stokes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Lakshmi Krishnamoorthy
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Pieter H Bos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Yuyu Song
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Nen C Pagano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Darren R Carpizo
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Ana C deCarvalho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Donald C Lo
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Brent R Stockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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612
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The Tumor Suppressor p53 Limits Ferroptosis by Blocking DPP4 Activity. Cell Rep 2018; 20:1692-1704. [PMID: 28813679 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 583] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death that may facilitate the selective elimination of tumor cells. The tumor suppressor p53 (TP53) has been demonstrated to promote ferroptosis via a transcription-dependent mechanism. Here, we show that TP53 limits erastin-induced ferroptosis by blocking dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP4) activity in a transcription-independent manner. Loss of TP53 prevents nuclear accumulation of DPP4 and thus facilitates plasma-membrane-associated DPP4-dependent lipid peroxidation, which finally results in ferroptosis. These findings reveal a direct molecular link between TP53 and DPP4 in the control of lipid metabolism and may provide a precision medicine strategy for the treatment of colorectal cancer by induction of ferroptosis.
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613
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Lewerenz J, Ates G, Methner A, Conrad M, Maher P. Oxytosis/Ferroptosis-(Re-) Emerging Roles for Oxidative Stress-Dependent Non-apoptotic Cell Death in Diseases of the Central Nervous System. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:214. [PMID: 29731704 PMCID: PMC5920049 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although nerve cell death is the hallmark of many neurological diseases, the processes underlying this death are still poorly defined. However, there is a general consensus that neuronal cell death predominantly proceeds by regulated processes. Almost 30 years ago, a cell death pathway eventually named oxytosis was described in neuronal cells that involved glutathione depletion, reactive oxygen species production, lipoxygenase activation, and calcium influx. More recently, a cell death pathway that involved many of the same steps was described in tumor cells and termed ferroptosis due to a dependence on iron. Since then there has been a great deal of discussion in the literature about whether these are two distinct pathways or cell type- and insult-dependent variations on the same pathway. In this review, we compare and contrast in detail the commonalities and distinctions between the two pathways concluding that the molecular pathways involved in the regulation of ferroptosis and oxytosis are highly similar if not identical. Thus, we suggest that oxytosis and ferroptosis should be regarded as two names for the same cell death pathway. In addition, we describe the potential physiological relevance of oxytosis/ferroptosis in multiple neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Lewerenz
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gamze Ates
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Axel Methner
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center and Focus Program Translational Neuroscience of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Pamela Maher
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States
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614
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Gaschler MM, Hu F, Feng H, Linkermann A, Min W, Stockwell BR. Determination of the Subcellular Localization and Mechanism of Action of Ferrostatins in Suppressing Ferroptosis. ACS Chem Biol 2018. [PMID: 29512999 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of nonapoptotic cell death characterized by the unchecked accumulation of lipid peroxides. Ferrostatin-1 and its analogs (ferrostatins) specifically prevent ferroptosis in multiple contexts, but many aspects of their molecular mechanism of action remain poorly described. Here, we employed stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy coupled with small vibrational tags to image the distribution of ferrostatins in cells and found that they accumulate in lysosomes, mitochondria, and the endoplasmic reticulum. We then evaluated the functional relevance of lysosomes and mitochondria to ferroptosis suppression by ferrostatins and found that neither is required for effective ferroptosis suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M. Gaschler
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Fanghao Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Huizhong Feng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Medical Clinic III, Division of Nephrology, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital at the Technical University Dresden, Dresden 01309, Germany
| | - Wei Min
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Brent R. Stockwell
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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615
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Tang Q, Bai L, Zou Z, Meng P, Xia Y, Cheng S, Mu S, Zhou J, Wang X, Qin X, Cao X, Jiang X, Chen C. Ferroptosis is newly characterized form of neuronal cell death in response to arsenite exposure. Neurotoxicology 2018; 67:27-36. [PMID: 29678591 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a novel iron-dependent form of cell death implicated in brain pathology. However, whether arsenite is an inducer of ferroptosis in the neuron remains completely unknown. In this study, the seven-week-old healthy C57BL/6 J male mice were treated with environmental related doses (0.5, 5 and 50 mg/L) of arsenite for 6 months via drinking water, and the ferroptosis-related indicators were further determined. Our results demonstrated for the first time that, arsenite exposure significantly reduced the number of neuron and caused the pathological changes of mitochondria in the cerebral cortex of mice. We further revealed that arsenite induced ferroptotic cell death in neuron by accumulation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation products, disruption of Fe2+ homeostasis, depletion of glutathione and adenosine triphosphate, inhibition of cysteine/glutamate antiporter, activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channels pathways, up-regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress, all of which were involved in the process of ferroptosis. These findings were also verified in the cultured PC-12 cells by using ferropotosis inhibitor, desferoxamine. Taken together, our results not only reveal a novel mechanism that chronic arsenite exposure may trigger the new form of cell death, ferroptosis, but also shed a new light on a potential clue for the intervention and prevention against arsenite-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianghu Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - LuLu Bai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zou
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Meng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinyin Xia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqun Cheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyu Mu
- Post-doctoral Research Stations of Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianrong Zhou
- Post-doctoral Research Stations of Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianqing Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Center of Experimental Teaching for Public Health, Experimental Teaching and Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Experimental Teaching and Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chengzhi Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; Post-doctoral Research Stations of Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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616
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Increased erythrophagocytosis induces ferroptosis in red pulp macrophages in a mouse model of transfusion. Blood 2018; 131:2581-2593. [PMID: 29666112 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-12-822619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play important roles in recycling iron derived from the clearance of red blood cells (RBCs). They are also a critically important component of host defense, protecting against invading pathogens. However, the effects on macrophage biology of acutely ingesting large numbers of RBCs are not completely understood. To investigate this issue, we used a mouse model of RBC transfusion and clearance, which mimics the clinical setting. In this model, transfusions of refrigerator storage-damaged (ie, "old") RBCs led to increased erythrophagocytosis by splenic red pulp macrophages (RPMs). This robust erythrophagocytosis induced ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of cell death, in RPMs. This was accompanied by increases in reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation in vivo, which were reduced by treatment in vitro with ferrostatin-1, a ferroptosis inhibitor. Old RBC transfusions also induced RPM-dependent chemokine expression by splenic Ly6Chi monocytes, which signaled Ly6Chi monocyte migration from bone marrow to spleen, where these cells subsequently differentiated into RPMs. The combination of cell division among remaining splenic RPMs, along with the influx of bone marrow-derived Ly6Chi monocytes, suggests that, following RPM depletion induced by robust erythrophagocytosis, there is a coordinated effort to restore homeostasis of the RPM population by local self-maintenance and contributions from circulating monocytes. In conclusion, these findings may be clinically relevant to pathological conditions that can arise as a result of increased erythrophagocytosis, such as transfusion-related immunomodulation and impaired host immunity.
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617
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Nishizawa S, Araki H, Ishikawa Y, Kitazawa S, Hata A, Soga T, Hara T. Low tumor glutathione level as a sensitivity marker for glutamate-cysteine ligase inhibitors. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:8735-8743. [PMID: 29928324 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous metabolomic analyses of cancer have revealed elevated glutathione levels in tumors. An inhibitor of cystine uptake was identified to suppress glutathione biosynthesis, leading to ferroptosis, a novel iron-dependent form of cell death that differs from apoptosis and necrosis. Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the glutathione biosynthesis pathway. Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), a GCL inhibitor, has previously demonstrated limited clinical benefits. Therefore, selecting patients who respond well to the inhibitor is a key approach for successful future drug development. Ferroptosis induction by BSO has not been fully examined in prior studies. Therefore, the present study investigated the pharmacological effects of BSO and the association between basal intracellular glutathione levels and sensitivity to BSO in cultured cell lines derived from various types of cancer, including those of the kidney [769P, 786-O, A-498, A704, ACHN, Caki-1, Caki-2, G401, G402, RCC4 VHL(-/-), RCC4 VHL(+/+), SK-NEP-1 and SW156] and ovaries (A2780 and A2780/CDDP). BSO was demonstrated to suppress glutathione levels and induce lipid peroxidation, thereby inhibiting cell viability. The viability-reducing effects of BSO were attenuated by ferroptosis inhibition and enhanced by iron, indicating that BSO induced ferroptosis in cancer cells. The cell lines sensitive to BSO, including G402, tended to exhibit non-significantly lower levels of glutathione compared with the BSO-insensitive cell lines, including Caki-2 (P=0.08). Patient sample data indicated the existence of a population of colorectal tumors with lower glutathione levels compared with those of matched normal tissues that might be suitable for the clinical testing of sensitivity to GCLC inhibitors. Collectively, these data suggest that GCL inhibition leads to ferroptosis in cancer cells, and that low glutathione tumor levels may be a patient selection marker for the use of GCL inhibitors in the treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Nishizawa
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hideo Araki
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ishikawa
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kitazawa
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Akito Hata
- Biomolecular Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Bioscience, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Takahito Hara
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
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618
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Dächert J, Schoeneberger H, Rohde K, Fulda S. RSL3 and Erastin differentially regulate redox signaling to promote Smac mimetic-induced cell death. Oncotarget 2018; 7:63779-63792. [PMID: 27588473 PMCID: PMC5325403 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox mechanisms play an important role in the control of various signaling pathways. Here, we report that Second mitochondrial activator of caspases (Smac) mimetic-induced cell death is regulated by redox signaling. We show that RSL3, a glutathione (GSH) peroxidase (GPX) 4 inhibitor, or Erastin, an inhibitor of the cystine/glutamate antiporter, cooperate with the Smac mimetic BV6 to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent cell death in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells. Addition of the caspase inhibitor N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone (zVAD.fmk) fails to rescue ROS-induced cell death, demonstrating that RSL3/BV6- or Erastin/BV6-induced cell death occurs in a caspase-independent manner. Interestingly, the iron chelator Deferoxamine (DFO) significantly inhibits RSL3/BV6-induced cell death, whereas it is unable to rescue cell death by Erastin/BV6, showing that RSL3/BV6-, but not Erastin/BV6-mediated cell death depends on iron. ROS production is required for both RSL3/BV6- and Erastin/BV6-induced cell death, since the ROS scavenger α-tocopherol (α-Toc) rescues RSL3/BV6- and Erastin/BV6-induced cell death. By comparison, genetic or pharmacological inhibition of lipid peroxidation by GPX4 overexpression or ferrostatin (Fer)-1 significantly decreases RSL3/BV6-, but not Erastin/BV6-induced cell death, despite inhibition of lipid peroxidation upon exposure to RSL3/BV6 or Erastin/BV6. Of note, inhibition of lipid peroxidation by Fer-1 protects from RSL3/BV6-, but not from Erastin/BV6-stimulated ROS production, indicating that other forms of ROS besides lipophilic ROS occur during Erastin/BV6-induced cell death. Taken together, RSL3/BV6 and Erastin/BV6 differentially regulate redox signaling and cell death in ALL cells. While RSL3/BV6 cotreatment induces ferroptotic cell death, Erastin/BV6 stimulates oxidative cell death independently of iron. These findings have important implications for the therapeutic targeting of redox signaling to enhance Smac mimetic-induced cell death in ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Dächert
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hannah Schoeneberger
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Katharina Rohde
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Simone Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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619
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Gaschler MM, Andia AA, Liu H, Csuka JM, Hurlocker B, Vaiana CA, Heindel DW, Zuckerman DS, Bos PH, Reznik E, Ye LF, Tyurina YY, Lin AJ, Shchepinov MS, Chan AY, Peguero-Pereira E, Fomich MA, Daniels JD, Bekish AV, Shmanai VV, Kagan VE, Mahal LK, Woerpel KA, Stockwell BR. FINO 2 initiates ferroptosis through GPX4 inactivation and iron oxidation. Nat Chem Biol 2018; 14:507-515. [PMID: 29610484 PMCID: PMC5899674 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-018-0031-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 475] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic form of regulated cell death caused by the failure of the glutathione-dependent lipid-peroxide-scavenging network. FINO2 is an endoperoxide-containing 1,2-dioxolane that can initiate ferroptosis selectively in engineered cancer cells. We investigated the mechanism and structural features necessary for ferroptosis initiation by FINO2. We found that FINO2 requires both an endoperoxide moiety and a nearby hydroxyl head group to initiate ferroptosis. In contrast to previously described ferroptosis inducers, FINO2 does not inhibit system xc− or directly target GPX4, as do erastin and RSL3, respectively, or deplete GPX4 protein, as does FIN56. Instead, FINO2 causes both indirect loss of GPX4 enzymatic function and directly oxidizes iron, ultimately causing widespread lipid peroxidation. These findings suggest that endoperoxides such as FINO2 can initiate a multi-pronged mechanism of ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hengrui Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joleen M Csuka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brisa Hurlocker
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Pieter H Bos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eduard Reznik
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ling F Ye
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yulia Y Tyurina
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Annie J Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Amy Y Chan
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Maksim A Fomich
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Jacob D Daniels
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrei V Bekish
- Department of Chemistry, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Vadim V Shmanai
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lara K Mahal
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - K A Woerpel
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Brent R Stockwell
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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620
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Fricker M, Tolkovsky AM, Borutaite V, Coleman M, Brown GC. Neuronal Cell Death. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:813-880. [PMID: 29488822 PMCID: PMC5966715 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00011.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 677] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal cell death occurs extensively during development and pathology, where it is especially important because of the limited capacity of adult neurons to proliferate or be replaced. The concept of cell death used to be simple as there were just two or three types, so we just had to work out which type was involved in our particular pathology and then block it. However, we now know that there are at least a dozen ways for neurons to die, that blocking a particular mechanism of cell death may not prevent the cell from dying, and that non-neuronal cells also contribute to neuronal death. We review here the mechanisms of neuronal death by intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis, oncosis, necroptosis, parthanatos, ferroptosis, sarmoptosis, autophagic cell death, autosis, autolysis, paraptosis, pyroptosis, phagoptosis, and mitochondrial permeability transition. We next explore the mechanisms of neuronal death during development, and those induced by axotomy, aberrant cell-cycle reentry, glutamate (excitoxicity and oxytosis), loss of connected neurons, aggregated proteins and the unfolded protein response, oxidants, inflammation, and microglia. We then reassess which forms of cell death occur in stroke and Alzheimer's disease, two of the most important pathologies involving neuronal cell death. We also discuss why it has been so difficult to pinpoint the type of neuronal death involved, if and why the mechanism of neuronal death matters, the molecular overlap and interplay between death subroutines, and the therapeutic implications of these multiple overlapping forms of neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fricker
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia ; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom ; Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas , Lithuania ; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Aviva M Tolkovsky
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia ; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom ; Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas , Lithuania ; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Vilmante Borutaite
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia ; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom ; Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas , Lithuania ; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Michael Coleman
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia ; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom ; Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas , Lithuania ; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Guy C Brown
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia ; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom ; Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas , Lithuania ; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
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621
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Shah R, Shchepinov MS, Pratt DA. Resolving the Role of Lipoxygenases in the Initiation and Execution of Ferroptosis. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2018; 4:387-396. [PMID: 29632885 PMCID: PMC5879472 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 443] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOXs) have been implicated as central players in ferroptosis, a recently characterized cell death modality associated with the accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides: the products of LOX catalysis. To provide insight on their role, human embryonic kidney cells were transfected to overexpress each of the human isoforms associated with disease, 5-LOX, p12-LOX, and 15-LOX-1, which yielded stable cell lines that were demonstrably sensitized to ferroptosis. Interestingly, the cells could be rescued by less than half of a diverse collection of known LOX inhibitors. Furthermore, the cytoprotective compounds were similarly potent in each of the cell lines even though some were clearly isoform-selective LOX inhibitors. The cytoprotective compounds were subsequently demonstrated to be effective radical-trapping antioxidants, which protect lipids from autoxidation, the autocatalytic radical chain reaction that produces lipid hydroperoxides. From these data (and others reported herein), a picture emerges wherein LOX activity may contribute to the cellular pool of lipid hydroperoxides that initiate ferroptosis, but lipid autoxidation drives the cell death process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Shah
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | | | - Derek A. Pratt
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
- E-mail:
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622
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Lee YS, Lee DH, Choudry HA, Bartlett DL, Lee YJ. Ferroptosis-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress: Cross-talk between Ferroptosis and Apoptosis. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:1073-1076. [PMID: 29592897 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Since its discovery in 2012, ferroptosis has been well characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides due to the failure of glutathione-dependent antioxidant defenses. It is known as an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death, which is distinct from other forms of cell death such as apoptosis and necrosis. Nonetheless, little is known about the ferroptotic agent-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response and its role in cell death. Recent studies reveal that the ferroptotic agent-induced ER stress response plays an important role in the cross-talk between ferroptosis and other types of cell death. Ferroptotic agents induce the unfolded protein response and subsequently ER stress-mediated activation of the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP pathway. CHOP (C/EBP homologous protein) signaling pathway-mediated p53-independent PUMA (p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis) expression is involved in the synergistic interaction between ferroptosis and apoptosis. This review highlights the recent literature on ferroptotic and apoptotic agent interactions through the ER stress-mediated PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP-PUMA pathway and implicates combined treatment to effectively enhance tumoricidal efficacy as a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer. Mol Cancer Res; 16(7); 1073-6. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Sun Lee
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dae-Hee Lee
- Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedicine Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Haroon A Choudry
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - David L Bartlett
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yong J Lee
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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623
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Chen Y, Liu Y, Lan T, Qin W, Zhu Y, Qin K, Gao J, Wang H, Hou X, Chen N, Friedmann Angeli JP, Conrad M, Wang C. Quantitative Profiling of Protein Carbonylations in Ferroptosis by an Aniline-Derived Probe. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:4712-4720. [PMID: 29569437 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b01462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a regulated form of necrotic cell death implicated in carcinogenesis and neurodegeneration that is driven by phospholipid peroxidation. Lipid-derived electrophiles (LDEs) generated during this process can covalently modify proteins ("carbonylation") and affect their functions. Here we report the development of a quantitative chemoproteomic method to profile carbonylations in ferroptosis by an aniline-derived probe. Using the method, we established a global portrait of protein carbonylations in ferroptosis with >400 endogenously modified proteins and for the first time, identified >20 residue sites with endogenous LDE modifications in ferroptotic cells. Specifically, we discovered and validated a novel cysteine site of modification on voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 (VDAC2) that might play an important role in sensitizing LDE signals and mediating ferroptosis. Our results will contribute to the understanding of ferroptotic signaling and pathogenesis and provide potential biomarkers for ferroptosis detection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcus Conrad
- Institute of Developmental Genetics , Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen , Munchen , Germany
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624
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Parisi LR, Morrow LM, Visser MB, Atilla-Gokcumen GE. Turning the Spotlight on Lipids in Non-Apoptotic Cell Death. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:506-515. [PMID: 29376324 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b01082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although apoptosis has long dominated the spotlight, studies in the past two decades have expanded the repertoire of programmed cell death (PCD). Several forms of non-apoptotic regulated cell death have been identified, with important links to organismal homeostasis and different disease pathologies. Necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and NETosis are the major forms of PCD that have attracted attention. Clear biochemical distinctions differentiate these forms of non-apoptotic PCD at the protein and membrane levels. For instance, pore formation at the plasma membrane is a hallmark of necroptosis and pyroptosis; however, different proteins facilitate pore formation in these processes. Here, we will highlight the role of lipids in different forms of non-apoptotic PCD. In particular, we discuss how lipids can trigger or facilitate the membrane-related changes that result in cell death. We also highlight the use of small molecules in elucidating the mechanisms of non-apoptotic PCD and the potential of lipid biosynthetic pathways to perturb these processes for therapeutic applications as a future avenue of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura R. Parisi
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Lauren M. Morrow
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Michelle B. Visser
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - G. Ekin Atilla-Gokcumen
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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625
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Griesser M, Shah R, Van Kessel AT, Zilka O, Haidasz EA, Pratt DA. The Catalytic Reaction of Nitroxides with Peroxyl Radicals and Its Relevance to Their Cytoprotective Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:3798-3808. [PMID: 29451786 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b00998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Sterically-hindered nitroxides such as 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin- N-oxyl (TEMPO) have long been ascribed antioxidant activity that is thought to underlie their chemopreventive and anti-aging properties. However, the most commonly invoked reactions in this context-combination with an alkyl radical to give a redox inactive alkoxyamine or catalysis of superoxide dismutation-are unlikely to be relevant under (most) physiological conditions. Herein, we characterize the kinetics and mechanisms of the reactions of TEMPO, as well as an N-arylnitroxide and an N, N-diarylnitroxide, with alkylperoxyl radicals, the propagating species in lipid peroxidation. In each of aqueous solution and lipid bilayers, they are found to be significantly more reactive than Vitamin E, Nature's premier radical-trapping antioxidant (RTA). Inhibited autoxidations of THF in aqueous buffers reveal that nitroxides reduce peroxyl radicals by electron transfer with rate constants ( k ≈ 106 to >107 M-1 s-1) that correlate with the standard potentials of the nitroxides ( E° ≈ 0.75-0.95 V vs NHE) and that this activity is catalytic in nitroxide. Regeneration of the nitroxide occurs by a two-step process involving hydride transfer from the substrate to the nitroxide-derived oxoammonium ion followed by H-atom transfer from the resultant hydroxylamine to a peroxyl radical. This reactivity extends from aqueous solution to phosphatidylcholine liposomes, where added NADPH can be used as a hydride donor to promote nitroxide recycling, as well as to cell culture, where the nitroxides are shown to be potent inhibitors of lipid peroxidation-associated cell death (ferroptosis). These insights have enabled the identification of the most potent nitroxide RTA and anti-ferroptotic agent yet described: phenoxazine- N-oxyl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Griesser
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario K1N 6N5 , Canada
| | - Ron Shah
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario K1N 6N5 , Canada
| | - Antonius T Van Kessel
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario K1N 6N5 , Canada
| | - Omkar Zilka
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario K1N 6N5 , Canada
| | - Evan A Haidasz
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario K1N 6N5 , Canada
| | - Derek A Pratt
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario K1N 6N5 , Canada
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626
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Galluzzi L, Vitale I, Aaronson SA, Abrams JM, Adam D, Agostinis P, Alnemri ES, Altucci L, Amelio I, Andrews DW, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Antonov AV, Arama E, Baehrecke EH, Barlev NA, Bazan NG, Bernassola F, Bertrand MJM, Bianchi K, Blagosklonny MV, Blomgren K, Borner C, Boya P, Brenner C, Campanella M, Candi E, Carmona-Gutierrez D, Cecconi F, Chan FKM, Chandel NS, Cheng EH, Chipuk JE, Cidlowski JA, Ciechanover A, Cohen GM, Conrad M, Cubillos-Ruiz JR, Czabotar PE, D'Angiolella V, Dawson TM, Dawson VL, De Laurenzi V, De Maria R, Debatin KM, DeBerardinis RJ, Deshmukh M, Di Daniele N, Di Virgilio F, Dixit VM, Dixon SJ, Duckett CS, Dynlacht BD, El-Deiry WS, Elrod JW, Fimia GM, Fulda S, García-Sáez AJ, Garg AD, Garrido C, Gavathiotis E, Golstein P, Gottlieb E, Green DR, Greene LA, Gronemeyer H, Gross A, Hajnoczky G, Hardwick JM, Harris IS, Hengartner MO, Hetz C, Ichijo H, Jäättelä M, Joseph B, Jost PJ, Juin PP, Kaiser WJ, Karin M, Kaufmann T, Kepp O, Kimchi A, Kitsis RN, Klionsky DJ, Knight RA, Kumar S, Lee SW, Lemasters JJ, Levine B, Linkermann A, Lipton SA, Lockshin RA, López-Otín C, Lowe SW, Luedde T, Lugli E, MacFarlane M, Madeo F, Malewicz M, Malorni W, Manic G, Marine JC, Martin SJ, Martinou JC, Medema JP, Mehlen P, Meier P, Melino S, Miao EA, Molkentin JD, Moll UM, Muñoz-Pinedo C, Nagata S, Nuñez G, Oberst A, Oren M, Overholtzer M, Pagano M, Panaretakis T, Pasparakis M, Penninger JM, Pereira DM, Pervaiz S, Peter ME, Piacentini M, Pinton P, Prehn JHM, Puthalakath H, Rabinovich GA, Rehm M, Rizzuto R, Rodrigues CMP, Rubinsztein DC, Rudel T, Ryan KM, Sayan E, Scorrano L, Shao F, Shi Y, Silke J, Simon HU, Sistigu A, Stockwell BR, Strasser A, Szabadkai G, Tait SWG, Tang D, Tavernarakis N, Thorburn A, Tsujimoto Y, Turk B, Vanden Berghe T, Vandenabeele P, Vander Heiden MG, Villunger A, Virgin HW, Vousden KH, Vucic D, Wagner EF, Walczak H, Wallach D, Wang Y, Wells JA, Wood W, Yuan J, Zakeri Z, Zhivotovsky B, Zitvogel L, Melino G, Kroemer G. Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2018. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:486-541. [PMID: 29362479 PMCID: PMC5864239 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-017-0012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3910] [Impact Index Per Article: 651.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) has formulated guidelines for the definition and interpretation of cell death from morphological, biochemical, and functional perspectives. Since the field continues to expand and novel mechanisms that orchestrate multiple cell death pathways are unveiled, we propose an updated classification of cell death subroutines focusing on mechanistic and essential (as opposed to correlative and dispensable) aspects of the process. As we provide molecularly oriented definitions of terms including intrinsic apoptosis, extrinsic apoptosis, mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT)-driven necrosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, parthanatos, entotic cell death, NETotic cell death, lysosome-dependent cell death, autophagy-dependent cell death, immunogenic cell death, cellular senescence, and mitotic catastrophe, we discuss the utility of neologisms that refer to highly specialized instances of these processes. The mission of the NCCD is to provide a widely accepted nomenclature on cell death in support of the continued development of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Paris Descartes/Paris V University, Paris, France.
| | - Ilio Vitale
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Unit of Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Stuart A Aaronson
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - John M Abrams
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dieter Adam
- Institute of Immunology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Lab, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emad S Alnemri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - Ivano Amelio
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - David W Andrews
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Alexey V Antonov
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - Eli Arama
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eric H Baehrecke
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Nickolai A Barlev
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nicolas G Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Francesca Bernassola
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Mathieu J M Bertrand
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katiuscia Bianchi
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Klas Blomgren
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christoph Borner
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Patricia Boya
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Biological Investigation (CIB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Catherine Brenner
- INSERM U1180, Châtenay Malabry, France
- University of Paris Sud/Paris Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Michelangelo Campanella
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Unit of Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
- University College London Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, London, UK
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Dermopatic Institute of Immaculate (IDI) IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Cecconi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Unit of Cell Stress and Survival, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francis K-M Chan
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Navdeep S Chandel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Emily H Cheng
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jerry E Chipuk
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - John A Cidlowski
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Aaron Ciechanover
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gerald M Cohen
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Munich, Germany
| | - Juan R Cubillos-Ruiz
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter E Czabotar
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vincenzo D'Angiolella
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, UK
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vincenzo De Laurenzi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, CeSI-MetUniversity of Chieti-Pescara "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Institute of General Pathology, Catholic University "Sacro Cuore", Rome, Italy
| | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mohanish Deshmukh
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nicola Di Daniele
- Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Virgilio
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Vishva M Dixit
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Scott J Dixon
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Colin S Duckett
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Brian D Dynlacht
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John W Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Simone Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ana J García-Sáez
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Tübingen University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Abhishek D Garg
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Lab, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carmen Garrido
- INSERM U1231 "Lipides Nutrition Cancer", Dijon, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Burgundy France Comté, Dijon, France
- Cancer Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Evripidis Gavathiotis
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Pierre Golstein
- Immunology Center of Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Eyal Gottlieb
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Douglas R Green
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lloyd A Greene
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hinrich Gronemeyer
- Team labeled "Ligue Contre le Cancer", Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- CNRS UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
- INSERM U964, Illkirch, France
- University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Atan Gross
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gyorgy Hajnoczky
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Marie Hardwick
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Isaac S Harris
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hidenori Ichijo
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marja Jäättelä
- Cell Death and Metabolism Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bertrand Joseph
- Toxicology Unit, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philipp J Jost
- III Medical Department for Hematology and Oncology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Philippe P Juin
- Team 8 "Stress adaptation and tumor escape", CRCINA-INSERM U1232, Nantes, France
- University of Nantes, Nantes, France
- University of Angers, Angers, France
- Institute of Cancer Research in Western France, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - William J Kaiser
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Kaufmann
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Paris Descartes/Paris V University, Paris, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris Sud/Paris XI University, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Team 11 labeled "Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer", Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France
- INSERM U1138, Paris, France
- Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI University, Paris, France
| | - Adi Kimchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Richard N Kitsis
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Richard A Knight
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - Sharad Kumar
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sam W Lee
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - John J Lemasters
- Center for Cell Death, Injury and Regeneration, Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Center for Cell Death, Injury and Regeneration, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Beth Levine
- Center for Autophagy Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stuart A Lipton
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Neuroscience Translational Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Richard A Lockshin
- Department of Biology, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
- Queens College of the City University of New York, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Carlos López-Otín
- Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Scott W Lowe
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tom Luedde
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Hepatobiliary Oncology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Enrico Lugli
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Humanitas Flow Cytometry Core, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marion MacFarlane
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - Frank Madeo
- Department Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michal Malewicz
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - Walter Malorni
- National Centre for Gender Medicine, Italian National Institute of Health (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Gwenola Manic
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Unit of Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Jean-Christophe Marine
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Seamus J Martin
- Departments of Genetics, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jean-Claude Martinou
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Genomics Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Mehlen
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development laboratory, CRCL, Lyon, France
- Team labeled "La Ligue contre le Cancer", Lyon, France
- LabEx DEVweCAN, Lyon, France
- INSERM U1052, Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France
- Department of Translational Research and Innovation, Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France
| | - Pascal Meier
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Building, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, UK
| | - Sonia Melino
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Edward A Miao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ute M Moll
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Cristina Muñoz-Pinedo
- Cell Death Regulation Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shigekazu Nagata
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, World Premier International (WPI) Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Gabriel Nuñez
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew Oberst
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Moshe Oren
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michael Overholtzer
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michele Pagano
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Theocharis Panaretakis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manolis Pasparakis
- Institute for Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Campus Vienna BioCentre, Vienna, Austria
| | - David M Pereira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Shazib Pervaiz
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marcus E Peter
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- LTTA center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Health Science Foundation, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hamsa Puthalakath
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine (IBYME), National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Markus Rehm
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rosario Rizzuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Cecilia M P Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas Rudel
- Department of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kevin M Ryan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Emre Sayan
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Feng Shao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yufang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Medicinal Biomaterials, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - John Silke
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Division of Inflammation, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Antonella Sistigu
- Institute of General Pathology, Catholic University "Sacro Cuore", Rome, Italy
- Unit of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Brent R Stockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andreas Strasser
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gyorgy Szabadkai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, London, UK
- Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Daolin Tang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Center for DAMP Biology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory for Protein Modification and Degradation of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Andrew Thorburn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Boris Turk
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, "Jozef Stefan" Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tom Vanden Berghe
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andreas Villunger
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert W Virgin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Domagoj Vucic
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Erwin F Wagner
- Genes, Development and Disease Group, Cancer Cell Biology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Henning Walczak
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - David Wallach
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - James A Wells
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Will Wood
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Junying Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zahra Zakeri
- Department of Biology, Queens College of the City University of New York, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Boris Zhivotovsky
- Toxicology Unit, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris Sud/Paris XI University, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France
- Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France
| | - Gerry Melino
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Paris Descartes/Paris V University, Paris, France.
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.
- Team 11 labeled "Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer", Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France.
- INSERM U1138, Paris, France.
- Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI University, Paris, France.
- Biology Pole, European Hospital George Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.
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627
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Baba Y, Higa JK, Shimada BK, Horiuchi KM, Suhara T, Kobayashi M, Woo JD, Aoyagi H, Marh KS, Kitaoka H, Matsui T. Protective effects of the mechanistic target of rapamycin against excess iron and ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 314:H659-H668. [PMID: 29127238 PMCID: PMC5899260 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00452.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Clinical studies have suggested that myocardial iron is a risk factor for left ventricular remodeling in patients after myocardial infarction. Ferroptosis has recently been reported as a mechanism of iron-dependent nonapoptotic cell death. However, ferroptosis in the heart is not well understood. Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) protects the heart against pathological stimuli such as ischemia. To define the role of cardiac mTOR on cell survival in iron-mediated cell death, we examined cardiomyocyte (CM) cell viability under excess iron and ferroptosis conditions. Adult mouse CMs were isolated from cardiac-specific mTOR transgenic mice, cardiac-specific mTOR knockout mice, or control mice. CMs were treated with ferric iron [Fe(III)]-citrate, erastin, a class 1 ferroptosis inducer, or Ras-selective lethal 3 (RSL3), a class 2 ferroptosis inducer. Live/dead cell viability assays revealed that Fe(III)-citrate, erastin, and RSL3 induced cell death. Cotreatment with ferrostatin-1, a ferroptosis inhibitor, inhibited cell death in all conditions. mTOR overexpression suppressed Fe(III)-citrate, erastin, and RSL3-induced cell death, whereas mTOR deletion exaggerated cell death in these conditions. 2',7'-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production showed that erastin-induced ROS production was significantly lower in mTOR transgenic versus control CMs. These findings suggest that ferroptosis is a significant type of cell death in CMs and that mTOR plays an important role in protecting CMs against excess iron and ferroptosis, at least in part, by regulating ROS production. Understanding the effects of mTOR in preventing iron-mediated cell death will provide a new therapy for patients with myocardial infarction. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ferroptosis has recently been reported as a new form of iron-dependent nonapoptotic cell death. However, ferroptosis in the heart is not well characterized. Using cultured adult mouse cardiomyocytes, we demonstrated that the mechanistic target of rapamycin plays an important role in protecting cardiomyocytes against excess iron and ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Baba
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
- Department of Cardiology and Geriatrics, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University , Kochi , Japan
| | - Jason K Higa
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Briana K Shimada
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Kate M Horiuchi
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Tomohiro Suhara
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
- Department of Anesthesiology, Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Motoi Kobayashi
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Jonathan D Woo
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Hiroko Aoyagi
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Karra S Marh
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Hiroaki Kitaoka
- Department of Cardiology and Geriatrics, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University , Kochi , Japan
| | - Takashi Matsui
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
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628
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Hao S, Liang B, Huang Q, Dong S, Wu Z, He W, Shi M. Metabolic networks in ferroptosis. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:5405-5411. [PMID: 29556292 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent and peroxidation-driven form of cell death associated with multiple metabolic disorders and disrupted homeostasis. A number of metabolic processes and homeostasis are affected by ferroptosis. The molecules that regulate ferroptosis are involved in metabolic pathways that regulate cysteine exploitation, glutathione state, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate function, lipid peroxidation and iron homeostasis. The present review summarizes the metabolic networks involved in ferroptosis based on previous studies, and discusses the function of ferroptosis in pathological processes, including cancer. Finally, the clinical significance of ferroptosis is highlighted, to provide evidence for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihui Hao
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Bishan Liang
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Huang
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Shumin Dong
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Wu
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Wanming He
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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629
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Abstract
Necrosis is a hallmark of several widespread diseases or their direct complications. In the past decade, we learned that necrosis can be a regulated process that is potentially druggable. RIPK3- and MLKL-mediated necroptosis represents by far the best studied pathway of regulated necrosis. During necroptosis, the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) drives a phenomenon referred to as necroinflammation, a common consequence of necrosis. However, most studies of regulated necrosis investigated cell lines in vitro in a cell autonomous manner, which represents a non-physiological situation. Conclusions based on such work might not necessarily be transferrable to disease states in which synchronized, non-cell autonomous effects occur. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of the pathophysiological relevance of necroptosis in vivo, and in light of this understanding, we reassess the morphological classification of necrosis that is generally used by pathologists. Along these lines, we discuss the paucity of data implicating necroptosis in human disease. Finally, the in vivo relevance of non-necroptotic forms of necrosis, such as ferroptosis, is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wulf Tonnus
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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630
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Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent, oxidative form of non-apoptotic cell death. This form of cell death does not share morphological, biochemical, or genetic similarities with classic necrosis, necroptosis, parthanatos, or other forms of non-apoptotic cell death. Ferroptosis can be triggered by depleting the cell of the amino acid cysteine, or by inhibiting the phospholipid hydroperoxidase glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). Why certain stimuli trigger ferroptosis instead of another form of cell death, and whether this process could be adaptive in vivo, are two major unanswered questions concerning this process. Emerging evidence and consideration of related non-apoptotic pathways suggest that ferroptosis could be an adaptive process, albeit one regulated and executed in a manner very different from apoptosis and other forms of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J Dixon
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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631
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Liu B, Zhao C, Li H, Chen X, Ding Y, Xu S. Puerarin protects against heart failure induced by pressure overload through mitigation of ferroptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 497:233-240. [PMID: 29427658 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is the end stage of cardiovascular disease and is characterized by the loss of myocytes caused by cell death. Puerarin has been found to improve HF clinically, and animal study findings have confirmed its anti-cell-death properties. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, especially with respect to the impact on ferroptosis, a newly defined mechanism of iron-dependent non-apoptotic cell death in HF. Here, ferroptosis-like cell death was observed in erastin- or isoprenaline (ISO)-treated H9c2 myocytes in vitro and in rats with aortic banding inducing HF, characterized by reduced cell viability with increased lipid peroxidation and labile iron pool. Interestingly, the increased iron overload and lipid peroxidation observed in either rats with HF or H9c2 cells incubated with ISO were significantly blocked by puerarin administration. These results provide compelling evidence that puerarin plays a role in inhibiting myocyte loss during HF, partly through ferroptosis mitigation, suggesting a new mechanism of puerarin as a potential therapy for HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, China
| | - Chunxia Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, China
| | - Hongkun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Heji Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, China
| | - Xiaoqian Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, China
| | - Sudan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, China.
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632
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Li L, Hao Y, Zhao Y, Wang H, Zhao X, Jiang Y, Gao F. Ferroptosis is associated with oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced Sertoli cell death. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:3051-3062. [PMID: 29436589 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sertoli cell death contributes to spermatogenesis impairment, which is associated with male infertility. Testicular ischemia‑reperfusion (I/R) injury induces the cell death of germ cells and Sertoli cells, whereas inhibition of cell death ameliorates acute testicular I/R damage. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanism of I/R stress-induced cell death in TM4 cells. Oxygen‑glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) was demonstrated to induce I/R injury and cell death in TM4 cells. Cell death was blocked by the reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitor N‑acetylcysteine, as well as lipid peroxidation inhibitors Liproxstatin‑1 and iron chelator deferoxamine; however, inhibitors of apoptosis, necrosis or autophagy had no effect. It was also demonstrated that iron and lipid ROS levels were elevated in I/R injury and that mitochondria decreased in size and increased in membrane density, which is indicative of ferroptosis. Furthermore, the generation of lipid ROS suggests iron accumulation and glutathione (GSH) depletion. The expression of ferroportin (Fpn) protein and mRNA was decreased in TM4 cells. Notably, overexpression of Fpn inhibited ferroptosis, lipid ROS generation and iron accumulation. In addition, GSH‑dependent peroxidase 4 (GPX4) was inactivated via GSH depletion following I/R injury, whereas GPX4 activation blocked I/R‑induced ferroptosis by reducing lipid ROS levels. The mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway was also investigated in the present study; it was observed that I/R‑induced ferroptosis was blocked by inhibiting p38 MAPK activation. The results of the present study demonstrate that ferroptosis is a pervasive and dynamic type of cell death induced by OGD/R injury in Sertoli cells. This may provide a novel insight into the application of cytoprotection in testicular I/R damage‑induced cell loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| | - Yu Hao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| | - Huijuan Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| | - Xiujun Zhao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Reproductive Center, Shijiazhuang No. 4 Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050019, P.R. China
| | - Fulu Gao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
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633
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Sarhan M, von Mässenhausen A, Hugo C, Oberbauer R, Linkermann A. Immunological consequences of kidney cell death. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:114. [PMID: 29371597 PMCID: PMC5833784 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0057-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Death of renal cells is central to the pathophysiology of acute tubular necrosis, autoimmunity, necrotizing glomerulonephritis, cystic kidney disease, urosepsis, delayed graft function and transplant rejection. By means of regulated necrosis, immunogenic damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and highly reactive organelles such as lysosomes, peroxisomes and mitochondria are released from the dying cells, thereby causing an overwhelming immunologic response. The rupture of the plasma membrane exhibits the "point of no return" for the immunogenicity of regulated cell death, explaining why apoptosis, a highly organized cell death subroutine with long-lasting plasma membrane integrity, elicits hardly any immune response. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent necrotic type cell death, results in the release of DAMPs and large amounts of lipid peroxides. In contrast, anti-inflammatory cytokines are actively released from cells that die by necroptosis, limiting the DAMP-induced immune response to a surrounding microenvironment, whereas at the same time, inflammasome-associated caspases drive maturation of intracellularly expressed interleukin-1β (IL-1β). In a distinct setting, additionally interleukin-18 (IL-18) is expressed during pyroptosis, initiated by gasdermin-mediated plasma membrane rupture. As all of these pathways are druggable, we provide an overview of regulated necrosis in kidney diseases with a focus on immunogenicity and potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysa Sarhan
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anne von Mässenhausen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Hugo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rainer Oberbauer
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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634
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Lu B, Chen XB, Ying MD, He QJ, Cao J, Yang B. The Role of Ferroptosis in Cancer Development and Treatment Response. Front Pharmacol 2018; 8:992. [PMID: 29375387 PMCID: PMC5770584 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a process driven by accumulated iron-dependent lipid ROS that leads to cell death, which is a distinct regulated cell death comparing to other cell death. The lethal metabolic imbalance resulted from GSH depletion or inactivation of glutathione peroxidase 4 is the executor of ferroptosis within the cancer cell. Small molecules-induced ferroptosis has a strong inhibition of tumor growth and enhances the sensitivity of chemotherapeutic drugs, especially in the condition of drug resistance. These evidences have highlighted the importance of ferroptosis in cancer therapeutics, but the roles of ferroptosis in tumorigenesis and development remain unclear. This article provides an overview of the mechanisms of ferroptosis, highlights the role of ferroptosis in cancer and discusses strategies for therapeutic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Bing Chen
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mei Dan Ying
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiao Jun He
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ji Cao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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635
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Abstract
Precise regulation of cell death and survival is essential for proper maintenance of organismal homeostasis, development, and the immune system. Deregulated cell death can lead to developmental defects, neuropathies, infections, and cancer. Kidney diseases, especially acute pathologies linked to ischemia-reperfusion injury, are among illnesses that profoundly are affected by improper regulation or execution of cell death pathways. Attempts to develop medicines for kidney diseases have been impacted by the complexity of these pathologies given the heterogeneous patient population and diverse etiologies. By analyzing cell death pathways activated in kidney diseases, we attempt to differentiate their importance for these pathologies with a goal of identifying those that have more profound impact and the best therapeutic potential. Although classic apoptosis still might be important, regulated necrosis pathways including necroptosis, ferroptosis, parthanatos, and mitochondrial permeability transition-associated cell death play a significantly role in kidney diseases, especially in acute kidney pathologies. Although targeting receptor-interacting protein 1 kinase appears to be the best therapeutic strategy, combination with inhibitors of other cell death pathways is likely to bring superior benefit and possible cure to patients suffering from kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay P Garg
- Product Development, Departments of Immunology, Infectious Diseases, and Ophthalmology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Domagoj Vucic
- Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA.
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636
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Kers J, Leemans JC, Linkermann A. An Overview of Pathways of Regulated Necrosis in Acute Kidney Injury. Semin Nephrol 2018; 36:139-52. [PMID: 27339380 DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Necrosis is the predominant form of regulated cell death in acute kidney injury (AKI) and represents results in the formation of casts that appear in the urine sedimentation, referred to as muddy brown casts, which are part of the diagnosis of AKI. Pathologists referred to this typical feature as acute tubular necrosis. We are only beginning to understand the dynamics and the molecular pathways that underlie such typical necrotic morphology. In this review, we provide an overview of candidate pathways and summarize the emerging evidence for the relative contribution of these pathways of regulated necrosis, such as necroptosis, ferroptosis, mitochondrial permeability transition-mediated regulated necrosis, parthanatos, and pyroptosis. Inhibitors of each of these pathways are available, and clinical trials may be started after the detection of the most promising drug targets, which will be discussed here. With the global burden of AKI in mind, inhibitiors of regulated necrosis represent promising means to prevent this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Kers
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jaklien C Leemans
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Clinic for Nephrology and Hypertension, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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637
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Sheng XH, Cui CC, Shan C, Li YZ, Sheng DH, Sun B, Chen DZ. O-Phenylenediamine: a privileged pharmacophore of ferrostatins for radical-trapping reactivity in blocking ferroptosis. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:3952-3960. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00546j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic, iron dependent form of regulated cell death that is characterized by the accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie-Huang Sheng
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
| | - Cheng-Cheng Cui
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
| | - Chao Shan
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
| | - Yu-Zhen Li
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
| | - Duo-Hong Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
| | - Bin Sun
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
| | - De-Zhan Chen
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
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638
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Regulated Cell Death. DAMAGE-ASSOCIATED MOLECULAR PATTERNS IN HUMAN DISEASES 2018. [PMCID: PMC7123501 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-78655-1_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In this chapter, the various subroutines of regulated cell death are neatly described by highlighting apoptosis and subforms of regulated necrosis such as necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and NETosis. Typically, all forms of regulated necrosis are defined by finite rupture of the plasma cell membrane. Apoptosis is characterized by an enzymatic machinery that consists of caspases which cause the morphologic features of this type of cell death. Mechanistically, apoptosis can be instigated by two major cellular signalling pathways: an intrinsic pathway that is initiated inside cells by mitochondrial release of pro-apoptotic factors or an extrinsic pathway that is initiated at the cell surface by various death receptors. In necroptosis, the biochemical processes are distinct from those found in apoptosis; in particular, there is no caspase activation. As such, necroptosis is a kinase-mediated cell death that relies on “receptor-interacting protein kinase 3” which mediates phosphorylation of the pseudokinase “mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein.” While ferroptosis is an iron-dependent, oxidative form of regulated necrosis that is biochemically characterized by accumulation of ROS from iron metabolism, oxidase activity, and lipid peroxidation products, pyroptosis is defined as a form of cell death (predominantly of phagocytes) that develops during inflammasome activation and is executed by caspase-mediated cleavage of the pore-forming protein gasdermin D. Finally, NETosis refers to a regulated death of neutrophils that is characterized by the release of chromatin-derived weblike structures released into the extracellular space. The chapter ends up with a discussion on the characteristic feature of regulated necrosis: the passive release of large amounts of constitutive DAMPs as a consequence of final plasma membrane rupture as well as the active secretion of inducible DAMPs earlier during the dying process. Notably, per cell death subroutine, the active secretion of inducible DAMPs varies, thereby determining different immunogenicity of dying cells.
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639
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Guerrero-Hue M, Rubio-Navarro A, Sevillano Á, Yuste C, Gutiérrez E, Palomino-Antolín A, Román E, Praga M, Egido J, Moreno JA. Efectos adversos de la acumulación renal de hemoproteínas. Nuevas herramientas terapéuticas. Nefrologia 2018; 38:13-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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640
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Novgorodov SA, Voltin JR, Gooz MA, Li L, Lemasters JJ, Gudz TI. Acid sphingomyelinase promotes mitochondrial dysfunction due to glutamate-induced regulated necrosis. J Lipid Res 2017; 59:312-329. [PMID: 29282302 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m080374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibiting the glutamate/cystine antiporter system xc-, a key antioxidant defense machinery in the CNS, could trigger a novel form of regulated necrotic cell death, ferroptosis. The underlying mechanisms of system xc--dependent cell demise were elucidated using primary oligodendrocytes (OLs) treated with glutamate to block system xc- function. Pharmacological analysis revealed ferroptosis as a major contributing factor to glutamate-initiated OL death. A sphingolipid profile showed elevations of ceramide species and sphingosine that were preventable by inhibiting of an acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) activity. OL survival was enhanced by both downregulating ASM expression and blocking ASM activity. Glutamate-induced ASM activation seems to involve posttranscriptional mechanisms and was associated with a decreased GSH level. Further investigation of the mechanisms of OL response to glutamate revealed enhanced reactive oxygen species production, augmented lipid peroxidation, and opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore that were attenuated by hindering ASM. Of note, knocking down sirtuin 3, a deacetylase governing the mitochondrial antioxidant system, reduced OL survival. The data highlight the importance of the mitochondrial compartment in regulated necrotic cell death and accentuate the novel role of ASM in disturbing mitochondrial functions during OL response to glutamate toxicity, which is essential for pathobiology in stroke and traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei A Novgorodov
- Departments of Neuroscience Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Joshua R Voltin
- Departments of Neuroscience Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Monika A Gooz
- Departments of Drug Discovery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Li Li
- Departments of Drug Discovery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - John J Lemasters
- Departments of Drug Discovery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Tatyana I Gudz
- Departments of Neuroscience Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 .,Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401
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641
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Hong SH, Lee DH, Lee YS, Jo MJ, Jeong YA, Kwon WT, Choudry HA, Bartlett DL, Lee YJ. Molecular crosstalk between ferroptosis and apoptosis: emerging role of ER stress-induced p53-independent PUMA expression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:115164-115178. [PMID: 29383150 PMCID: PMC5777762 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a type of programmed cell death that depends on iron and is characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides. In the present study, we investigated the nature of the interplay between ferroptosis and other forms of cell death such as apoptosis. Human pancreatic cancer PANC-1 and BxPC-3 and human colorectal cancer HCT116 cells were treated with ferroptotic agents such as erastin and artesunate (ART) in combination with the apoptotic agent tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). We observed synergistic interaction of erastin or ART with TRAIL as determined by cell death assay, caspase activation, poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP-1) cleavage, flow cytometry analysis, and lipid peroxidation assay. Moreover, erastin and ART induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and promoted p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) expression via C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP). Synergy of erastin/ART and TRAIL was abolished in PUMA-deficient HCT116 cells and CHOP-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts, but not in p53-deficient HCT116 cells. The results suggest the involvement of the p53-independent CHOP/PUMA axis in response to ferroptosis inducers, which may play a key role in ferroptotic agent-mediated sensitization to TRAIL-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Hoon Hong
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Dae-Hee Lee
- Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedicine Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.,Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sun Lee
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Min Jee Jo
- Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedicine Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon A Jeong
- Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedicine Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - William T Kwon
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Haroon A Choudry
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - David L Bartlett
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Yong J Lee
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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642
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Lee J, Kang E, Kobayashi S, Homma T, Sato H, Seo H, Fujii J. The viability of primary hepatocytes is maintained under a low cysteine-glutathione redox state with a marked elevation in ophthalmic acid production. Exp Cell Res 2017; 361:178-191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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643
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Hao S, Yu J, He W, Huang Q, Zhao Y, Liang B, Zhang S, Wen Z, Dong S, Rao J, Liao W, Shi M. Cysteine Dioxygenase 1 Mediates Erastin-Induced Ferroptosis in Human Gastric Cancer Cells. Neoplasia 2017; 19:1022-1032. [PMID: 29144989 PMCID: PMC5686465 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ferroptosis is a recently discovered form of iron-dependent nonapoptotic cell death. It is characterized by loss of the activity of the lipid repair enzyme, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), and accumulation of lethal reactive lipid oxygen species. However, we still know relatively little about ferroptosis and its molecular mechanism in gastric cancer (GC) cells. Here, we demonstrate that erastin, a classic inducer of ferroptosis, induces this form of cell death in GC cells and that cysteine dioxygenase 1 (CDO1) plays an important role in this process. METHODS We performed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, cell viability assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, glutathione assay, lipid peroxidation assay, RNAi and gene transfection, immunofluorescent staining, dual-luciferase reporter assay, transmission electron microscopy, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay to study the regulation of ferroptosis in GC cells. Mouse xenograft assay was used to figure out the mechanism in vivo. RESULTS Silencing CDO1 inhibited erastin-induced ferroptosis in GC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Suppression of CDO1 restored cellular GSH levels, prevented ROS generation, and reduced malondialdehyde, one of the end products of lipid peroxidation. In addition, silencing COO1 maintained mitochondrial morphologic stability in erastin-treated cells. Mechanistically, c-Myb transcriptionally regulated CDO1, and inhibition of CDO1 expression upregulated GPX4 expression. CONCLUSIONS Our findings give a better understanding of ferroptosis and its molecular mechanism in GC cells, gaining insight into ferroptosis-mediated cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihui Hao
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
| | - Jiang Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
| | - Wanming He
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
| | - Qiong Huang
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
| | - Bishan Liang
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
| | - Shuyi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
| | - Zhaowei Wen
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
| | - Shumin Dong
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
| | - Jinjun Rao
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
| | - Wangjun Liao
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China.
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644
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Hangauer MJ, Viswanathan VS, Ryan MJ, Bole D, Eaton JK, Matov A, Galeas J, Dhruv HD, Berens ME, Schreiber SL, McCormick F, McManus MT. Drug-tolerant persister cancer cells are vulnerable to GPX4 inhibition. Nature 2017; 551:247-250. [PMID: 29088702 PMCID: PMC5933935 DOI: 10.1038/nature24297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 976] [Impact Index Per Article: 139.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Acquired drug resistance prevents cancer therapies from achieving stable and complete responses. Emerging evidence implicates a key role for non-mutational drug resistance mechanisms underlying the survival of residual cancer 'persister' cells. The persister cell pool constitutes a reservoir from which drug-resistant tumours may emerge. Targeting persister cells therefore presents a therapeutic opportunity to impede tumour relapse. We previously found that cancer cells in a high mesenchymal therapy-resistant cell state are dependent on the lipid hydroperoxidase GPX4 for survival. Here we show that a similar therapy-resistant cell state underlies the behaviour of persister cells derived from a wide range of cancers and drug treatments. Consequently, we demonstrate that persister cells acquire a dependency on GPX4. Loss of GPX4 function results in selective persister cell ferroptotic death in vitro and prevents tumour relapse in mice. These findings suggest that targeting of GPX4 may represent a therapeutic strategy to prevent acquired drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Hangauer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, 1450 3rd Street, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | | | - Matthew J Ryan
- Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Dhruv Bole
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, 1450 3rd Street, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - John K Eaton
- Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Alexandre Matov
- DataSet Analysis LLC, 155 Jackson Street, San Francisco, California 94111, USA
| | - Jacqueline Galeas
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, 1450 3rd Street, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Harshil D Dhruv
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA
| | - Michael E Berens
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA
| | - Stuart L Schreiber
- Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Frank McCormick
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, 1450 3rd Street, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Michael T McManus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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645
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Shah R, Margison K, Pratt DA. The Potency of Diarylamine Radical-Trapping Antioxidants as Inhibitors of Ferroptosis Underscores the Role of Autoxidation in the Mechanism of Cell Death. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:2538-2545. [PMID: 28837769 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Two aromatic amines (ferrostatin-1 and liproxstatin-1) were recently identified from high-throughput screening efforts to uncover potent inhibitors of ferroptosis, the necrotic-like cell death induced by inhibition of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), deletion of the corresponding gpx4 gene, or starvation of GPX4 of its reducing cosubstrate, glutathione (GSH). We have since demonstrated that these two aromatic amines are highly effective radical-trapping antioxidants (RTAs) in lipid bilayers, suggesting that they subvert ferroptosis by inhibiting lipid peroxidation (autoxidation) and, thus, that this process drives the execution of ferroptosis. Herein, we show that diarylamine RTAs used to protect petroleum-derived products from autoxidation can be potent inhibitors of ferroptosis. The diarylamines investigated include representative examples of additives to engine oils, greases and rubber (4,4'-dialkyldiphenylamines), core structures of dyes and pharmaceuticals (phenoxazines and phenothiazines), and aza-analogues of these three classes of compounds that we have recently shown can be modified to achieve much greater reactivity. We find that regardless of how ferroptosis is induced (GPX4 inhibition, gpx4 deletion or GSH depletion), compounds which possess good RTA activity in organic solution (kinh > 105 M-1 s-1) and lipid bilayers (kinh > 104 M-1 s-1) are generally potent inhibitors of ferroptosis (in mouse embryonic fibroblasts). Likewise, structural analogs that do not possess RTA activity are devoid of antiferroptotic activity. These results further support the argument that lipid peroxidation (autoxidation) plays a major role in the mechanism of cell death induced by either GPX4 inhibition, gpx4 deletion, or GSH depletion. Moreover, it offers clear direction that ongoing medicinal chemistry efforts on liproxstatin and ferrostatin derivatives, which have been proposed as lead compounds for the treatment and/or prevention of ischemia/reperfusion injury, renal failure, and neurodegeneration, can be widened to include other aminic RTAs. To aid in these efforts, some relevant structure-reactivity relationships are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Shah
- Department of Chemistry and
Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Kaitlyn Margison
- Department of Chemistry and
Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Derek A. Pratt
- Department of Chemistry and
Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
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646
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Wenzel SE, Tyurina YY, Zhao J, St Croix CM, Dar HH, Mao G, Tyurin VA, Anthonymuthu TS, Kapralov AA, Amoscato AA, Mikulska-Ruminska K, Shrivastava IH, Kenny EM, Yang Q, Rosenbaum JC, Sparvero LJ, Emlet DR, Wen X, Minami Y, Qu F, Watkins SC, Holman TR, VanDemark AP, Kellum JA, Bahar I, Bayır H, Kagan VE. PEBP1 Wardens Ferroptosis by Enabling Lipoxygenase Generation of Lipid Death Signals. Cell 2017; 171:628-641.e26. [PMID: 29053969 PMCID: PMC5683852 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 585] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of programmed cell death that is pathogenic to several acute and chronic diseases and executed via oxygenation of polyunsaturated phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) by 15-lipoxygenases (15-LO) that normally use free polyunsaturated fatty acids as substrates. Mechanisms of the altered 15-LO substrate specificity are enigmatic. We sought a common ferroptosis regulator for 15LO. We discovered that PEBP1, a scaffold protein inhibitor of protein kinase cascades, complexes with two 15LO isoforms, 15LO1 and 15LO2, and changes their substrate competence to generate hydroperoxy-PE. Inadequate reduction of hydroperoxy-PE due to insufficiency or dysfunction of a selenoperoxidase, GPX4, leads to ferroptosis. We demonstrated the importance of PEBP1-dependent regulatory mechanisms of ferroptotic death in airway epithelial cells in asthma, kidney epithelial cells in renal failure, and cortical and hippocampal neurons in brain trauma. As master regulators of ferroptotic cell death with profound implications for human disease, PEBP1/15LO complexes represent a new target for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally E Wenzel
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Yulia Y Tyurina
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jinming Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Haider H Dar
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gaowei Mao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vladimir A Tyurin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tamil S Anthonymuthu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexandr A Kapralov
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andrew A Amoscato
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Karolina Mikulska-Ruminska
- Department of Computational and System Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Institute of Physics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Indira H Shrivastava
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Computational and System Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Kenny
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joel C Rosenbaum
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Louis J Sparvero
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David R Emlet
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Wen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yoshinori Minami
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Feng Qu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Simon C Watkins
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Theodore R Holman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Andrew P VanDemark
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John A Kellum
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ivet Bahar
- Department of Computational and System Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hülya Bayır
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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647
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Stockwell BR, Friedmann Angeli JP, Bayir H, Bush AI, Conrad M, Dixon SJ, Fulda S, Gascón S, Hatzios SK, Kagan VE, Noel K, Jiang X, Linkermann A, Murphy ME, Overholtzer M, Oyagi A, Pagnussat GC, Park J, Ran Q, Rosenfeld CS, Salnikow K, Tang D, Torti FM, Torti SV, Toyokuni S, Woerpel KA, Zhang DD. Ferroptosis: A Regulated Cell Death Nexus Linking Metabolism, Redox Biology, and Disease. Cell 2017; 171:273-285. [PMID: 28985560 PMCID: PMC5685180 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4079] [Impact Index Per Article: 582.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death characterized by the iron-dependent accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides to lethal levels. Emerging evidence suggests that ferroptosis represents an ancient vulnerability caused by the incorporation of polyunsaturated fatty acids into cellular membranes, and cells have developed complex systems that exploit and defend against this vulnerability in different contexts. The sensitivity to ferroptosis is tightly linked to numerous biological processes, including amino acid, iron, and polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism, and the biosynthesis of glutathione, phospholipids, NADPH, and coenzyme Q10. Ferroptosis has been implicated in the pathological cell death associated with degenerative diseases (i.e., Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and Parkinson's diseases), carcinogenesis, stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and kidney degeneration in mammals and is also implicated in heat stress in plants. Ferroptosis may also have a tumor-suppressor function that could be harnessed for cancer therapy. This Primer reviews the mechanisms underlying ferroptosis, highlights connections to other areas of biology and medicine, and recommends tools and guidelines for studying this emerging form of regulated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent R Stockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, 550 West 120(th) Street, MC 4846, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 550 West 120(th) Street, MC 4846, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - José Pedro Friedmann Angeli
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), München, Germany
| | - Hülya Bayir
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh and Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ashley I Bush
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), München, Germany
| | - Scott J Dixon
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Simone Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sergio Gascón
- Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center (BMC), Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich at the Biomedical Center (BMC), Grosshaderner Strasse 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stavroula K Hatzios
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Departments of Environmental Health, Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Chemistry, Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kay Noel
- Collaborative Medicinal Development, LLC, Sausalito, CA, USA
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maureen E Murphy
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael Overholtzer
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Gabriela C Pagnussat
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | | | - Qitao Ran
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Konstantin Salnikow
- Division of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Center for DAMP Biology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Protein Modification and Degradation Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Frank M Torti
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Suzy V Torti
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - K A Woerpel
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Donna D Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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648
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t-BuOOH induces ferroptosis in human and murine cell lines. Arch Toxicol 2017; 92:759-775. [PMID: 28975372 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2066-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced apoptosis has been extensively studied. Increasing evidence suggests that ROS, for instance, induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), might also trigger regulated necrotic cell death pathways. Almost nothing is known about the cell death pathways triggered by tertiary-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BuOOH), a widely used inducer of oxidative stress. The lipid peroxidation products induced by t-BuOOH are involved in the pathophysiology of many diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, or diabetes. In this study, we exposed murine fibroblasts (NIH3T3) or human keratinocytes (HaCaT) to t-BuOOH (50 or 200 μM, respectively) which induced a rapid necrotic cell death. Well-established regulators of cell death, i.e., p53, poly(ADP)ribose polymerase-1 (PARP-1), the stress kinases p38 and c-Jun N-terminal-kinases 1/2 (JNK1/2), or receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) and 3 (RIPK3), were not required for t-BuOOH-mediated cell death. Using the selective inhibitors ferrostatin-1 (1 μM) and liproxstatin-1 (1 μM), we identified ferroptosis, a recently discovered cell death mechanism dependent on iron and lipid peroxidation, as the main cell death pathway. Accordingly, t-BuOOH exposure resulted in a ferrostatin-1- and liproxstatin-1-sensitive increase in lipid peroxidation and cytosolic ROS. Ferroptosis was executed independently from other t-BuOOH-mediated cellular damages, i.e., loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, DNA double-strand breaks, or replication block. H2O2 did not cause ferroptosis at equitoxic concentrations (300 μM) and induced a (1) lower and (2) ferrostatin-1- or liproxstatin-1-insensitive increase in lipid peroxidation. We identify that t-BuOOH and H2O2 produce a different pattern of lipid peroxidation, thereby leading to different cell death pathways and present t-BuOOH as a novel inducer of ferroptosis.
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649
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From ancient herb to modern drug: Artemisia annua and artemisinin for cancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 46:65-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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650
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Li JS, Qiu Z, Li CJ. Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of N
-Cyclohexyl Anilines from Phenols with Hydrazine or Hydroxylamine via N-N/O Cleavage. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Sheng Li
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis; McGill University; 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal, Quebec H3A0B8 Canada
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering; Changsha University of Science & Technology; Changsha 410114 China
| | - Zihang Qiu
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis; McGill University; 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal, Quebec H3A0B8 Canada
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis; McGill University; 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal, Quebec H3A0B8 Canada
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