651
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Mathuber M, Schueffl H, Dömötör O, Karnthaler C, Enyedy ÉA, Heffeter P, Keppler BK, Kowol CR. Improving the Stability of EGFR Inhibitor Cobalt(III) Prodrugs. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:17794-17810. [PMID: 33222438 PMCID: PMC7724630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
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Although
tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have revolutionized
cancer therapy in the past two decades, severe drawbacks such as strong
adverse effects and drug resistance limit their clinical application.
Prodrugs represent a valuable approach to overcoming these disadvantages
by administration of an inactive drug with tumor-specific activation.
We have recently shown that hypoxic prodrug activation is a promising
strategy for a cobalt(III) complex bearing a TKI of the epidermal
growth factor receptor (EGFR). The aim of this study was the optimization
of the physicochemical properties and enhancement of the stability
of this compound class. Therefore, we synthesized a series of novel
derivatives to investigate the influence of the electron-donating
properties of methyl substituents at the metal-chelating moiety of
the EGFR inhibitor and/or the ancillary acetylacetonate (acac) ligand.
To understand the effect of the different methylations on the redox
properties, the newly synthesized complexes were analyzed by cyclic
voltammetry and their behavior was studied in the presence of natural
low-molecular weight reducing agents. Furthermore, it was proven that
reduction to cobalt(II) resulted in a lower stability of the complexes
and subsequent release of the coordinated TKI ligand. Moreover, the
stability of the cobalt(III) prodrugs was investigated in blood serum
as well as in cell culture by diverse cell and molecular biological
methods. These analyses revealed that the complexes bearing the methylated
acac ligand are characterized by distinctly enhanced stability. Finally,
the cytotoxic activity of all new compounds was tested in cell culture
under normoxic and various hypoxic conditions, and their prodrug nature
could be correlated convincingly with the stability data. In summary,
the performed chemical modifications resulted in new cobalt(III) prodrugs
with strongly improved stabilities together with retained hypoxia-activatable
properties. This study presents the synthesis of
improved EGFR inhibitor
cobalt(III) prodrugs activatable by hypoxia. By modification of the
ancillary ligands, the redox potential could be lowered and the stability
of the complexes could be distinctly increased in blood serum. Their
physico-chemical properties were in detail characterized, the reductive
behavior analyzed by different methods and the biological properties
investigated in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Mathuber
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hemma Schueffl
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8A, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Orsolya Dömötör
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Claudia Karnthaler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Éva A Enyedy
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8A, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard K Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian R Kowol
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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652
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Creeden JF, Alganem K, Imami AS, Henkel ND, Brunicardi FC, Liu SH, Shukla R, Tomar T, Naji F, McCullumsmith RE. Emerging Kinase Therapeutic Targets in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Pancreatic Cancer Desmoplasia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228823. [PMID: 33233470 PMCID: PMC7700673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinase drug discovery represents an active area of therapeutic research, with previous pharmaceutical success improving patient outcomes across a wide variety of human diseases. In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), innovative pharmaceutical strategies such as kinase targeting have been unable to appreciably increase patient survival. This may be due, in part, to unchecked desmoplastic reactions to pancreatic tumors. Desmoplastic stroma enhances tumor development and progression while simultaneously restricting drug delivery to the tumor cells it protects. Emerging evidence indicates that many of the pathologic fibrotic processes directly or indirectly supporting desmoplasia may be driven by targetable protein tyrosine kinases such as Fyn-related kinase (FRK); B lymphoid kinase (BLK); hemopoietic cell kinase (HCK); ABL proto-oncogene 2 kinase (ABL2); discoidin domain receptor 1 kinase (DDR1); Lck/Yes-related novel kinase (LYN); ephrin receptor A8 kinase (EPHA8); FYN proto-oncogene kinase (FYN); lymphocyte cell-specific kinase (LCK); tec protein kinase (TEC). Herein, we review literature related to these kinases and posit signaling networks, mechanisms, and biochemical relationships by which this group may contribute to PDAC tumor growth and desmoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin F. Creeden
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (K.A.); (A.S.I.); (N.D.H.); (R.S.); (R.E.M.)
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (F.C.B.); (S.-H.L.)
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 6038, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-419-383-6474
| | - Khaled Alganem
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (K.A.); (A.S.I.); (N.D.H.); (R.S.); (R.E.M.)
| | - Ali S. Imami
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (K.A.); (A.S.I.); (N.D.H.); (R.S.); (R.E.M.)
| | - Nicholas D. Henkel
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (K.A.); (A.S.I.); (N.D.H.); (R.S.); (R.E.M.)
| | - F. Charles Brunicardi
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (F.C.B.); (S.-H.L.)
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 6038, USA
| | - Shi-He Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (F.C.B.); (S.-H.L.)
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 6038, USA
| | - Rammohan Shukla
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (K.A.); (A.S.I.); (N.D.H.); (R.S.); (R.E.M.)
| | - Tushar Tomar
- PamGene International BV, 5200 BJ’s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands; (T.T.); (F.N.)
| | - Faris Naji
- PamGene International BV, 5200 BJ’s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands; (T.T.); (F.N.)
| | - Robert E. McCullumsmith
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (K.A.); (A.S.I.); (N.D.H.); (R.S.); (R.E.M.)
- Neurosciences Institute, ProMedica, Toledo, OH 6038, USA
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653
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Anatskaya OV, Vinogradov AE, Vainshelbaum NM, Giuliani A, Erenpreisa J. Phylostratic Shift of Whole-Genome Duplications in Normal Mammalian Tissues towards Unicellularity Is Driven by Developmental Bivalent Genes and Reveals a Link to Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228759. [PMID: 33228223 PMCID: PMC7699474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumours were recently revealed to undergo a phylostratic and phenotypic shift to unicellularity. As well, aggressive tumours are characterized by an increased proportion of polyploid cells. In order to investigate a possible shared causation of these two features, we performed a comparative phylostratigraphic analysis of ploidy-related genes, obtained from transcriptomic data for polyploid and diploid human and mouse tissues using pairwise cross-species transcriptome comparison and principal component analysis. Our results indicate that polyploidy shifts the evolutionary age balance of the expressed genes from the late metazoan phylostrata towards the upregulation of unicellular and early metazoan phylostrata. The up-regulation of unicellular metabolic and drug-resistance pathways and the downregulation of pathways related to circadian clock were identified. This evolutionary shift was associated with the enrichment of ploidy with bivalent genes (p < 10−16). The protein interactome of activated bivalent genes revealed the increase of the connectivity of unicellulars and (early) multicellulars, while circadian regulators were depressed. The mutual polyploidy-c-MYC-bivalent genes-associated protein network was organized by gene-hubs engaged in both embryonic development and metastatic cancer including driver (proto)-oncogenes of viral origin. Our data suggest that, in cancer, the atavistic shift goes hand-in-hand with polyploidy and is driven by epigenetic mechanisms impinging on development-related bivalent genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Anatskaya
- Department of Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of sciences, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: (O.V.A.); (A.E.V.); (J.E.)
| | - Alexander E. Vinogradov
- Department of Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of sciences, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: (O.V.A.); (A.E.V.); (J.E.)
| | - Ninel M. Vainshelbaum
- Department of Oncology, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Cancer Research Division, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia;
- Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Jekaterina Erenpreisa
- Department of Oncology, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Cancer Research Division, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia;
- Correspondence: (O.V.A.); (A.E.V.); (J.E.)
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654
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Benassi A, Doria F, Pirota V. Groundbreaking Anticancer Activity of Highly Diversified Oxadiazole Scaffolds. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228692. [PMID: 33217987 PMCID: PMC7698752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, an increasing number of heterocyclic-based drugs found application in medicinal chemistry and, in particular, as anticancer agents. In this context, oxadiazoles—five-membered aromatic rings—emerged for their interesting biological properties. Modification of oxadiazole scaffolds represents a valid strategy to increase their anticancer activity, especially on 1,2,4 and 1,3,4 regioisomers. In the last years, an increasing number of oxadiazole derivatives, with remarkable cytotoxicity for several tumor lines, were identified. Structural modifications, that ensure higher cytotoxicity towards malignant cells, represent a solid starting point in the development of novel oxadiazole-based drugs. To increase the specificity of this strategy, outstanding oxadiazole scaffolds have been designed to selectively interact with biological targets, including enzymes, globular proteins, and nucleic acids, showing more promising antitumor effects. In the present work, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the anticancer activity of these heterocycles, describing their effect on different targets and highlighting how their structural versatility has been exploited to modulate their biological properties.
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655
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Lin K, Zhu X, Luo C, Bu F, Zhu J, Zhu Z. Data mining combined with experiments to validate CEP55 as a prognostic biomarker in colorectal cancer. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2020; 9:167-182. [PMID: 33190424 PMCID: PMC7860595 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common tumor with high morbidity and mortality. Current specific diagnosis regarding CRC remains complicated and costly, and specific diagnostic biomarkers are lacking. METHODS To find potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for CRC, we screened and analyzed many CRC sequencing data by The Cancer Genome Atlas Program and Gene Expression Omnibus, and validated that CEP55 may be a potential diagnostic biomarker for CRC by molecular cytological experiments and immunohistochemistry, among others. RESULTS We found that CEP55 is upregulated in CRC tissues and tumor cells and can promote CRC proliferation and metastasis by activating the p53/p21 axis and that CEP55 mutations in tumor patients result in worse overall survival and disease-free survival time. Besides, we also found that genes, such as CDK1, CCNB1, NEK2, KIF14, CDCA5, and RFC3 were upregulated in tumors, and their mutations would affect the prognosis of CRC patients, but these results await for more experimental evidence. CONCLUSION Our study validates CEP55 as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for CRC, and we also provide multiple genes and potential molecular mechanisms that may serve as diagnostic and prognostic markers for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhu
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chen Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fanqin Bu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhengming Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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656
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Abdollahzadeh F, Nejatollahi F. Anti-Proliferative Effect of Specific Anti-EGFR Single Chain Antibody on Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 9:180-187. [PMID: 33178867 DOI: 10.29252/rbmb.9.2.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Targeted therapy is an important treatment strategy that is widely used for cancer therapy. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in a significant percentage of Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. Although Cetuximab, which targets EGFR, has shown some inhibitory effects on TNBC cells, Cetuximab resistance cases due to ligand-independent activating mutations in the EGFR gene limit its application. Due to various benefits of single chain antibodies (scFvs), the use of these antibodies in cancer targeted therapy is increasing. In this study, a specific anti-EGFR antibody was isolated and evaluated. Methods Panning procedure was used against an immunodominant epitope of EGFR in its dimerization arm using a diverse phage library. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and fingerprinting were applied to identify the specific clones. The MTT tetrazolium assay was performed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of selected anti- EGFR scFv phage antibody on MDA-MB-468, a TNBC cell line. Results After four round of panning, one dominant pattern was observed in DNA fingerprinting with frequency of 85%. The growth of MDA-MB-468 cells was decreased dose-dependently after treatment with anti-EGFR scFv phage antibody. No significant inhibitory effect of M13KO7 helper phage as negative control on the cell growth of MDA-MB-468 was observed (p> 0.05). Conclusion The selected anti-EGFR scFv with high anti proliferative effect on TNBC cells offers an effective alternative for TNBC targeted therapy. The antibody, which binds to the dimerization arm of EGFR and inhibits EGFR dimerization, could also overcome TNBC cases with Cetuximab resistance due to ligandindependent activating mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Abdollahzadeh
- Recombinant antibody laboratory, Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Foroogh Nejatollahi
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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657
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Tyrosine Kinase Receptors in Oncology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228529. [PMID: 33198314 PMCID: PMC7696731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase receptors (TKR) comprise more than 60 molecules that play an essential role in the molecular pathways, leading to cell survival and differentiation. Consequently, genetic alterations of TKRs may lead to tumorigenesis and, therefore, cancer development. The discovery and improvement of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) against TKRs have entailed an important step in the knowledge-expansion of tumor physiopathology as well as an improvement in the cancer treatment based on molecular alterations over many tumor types. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive review of the different families of TKRs and their role in the expansion of tumor cells and how TKIs can stop these pathways to tumorigenesis, in combination or not with other therapies. The increasing growth of this landscape is driving us to strengthen the development of precision oncology with clinical trials based on molecular-based therapy over a histology-based one, with promising preliminary results.
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658
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Zhao C, Zhang G, Liu J, Zhang C, Yao Y, Liao W. Exosomal cargoes in OSCC: current findings and potential functions. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10062. [PMID: 33194377 PMCID: PMC7646305 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent malignancy in head and neck cancer, with high recurrence and mortality. Early diagnosis and efficient therapeutic strategies are vital for the treatment of OSCC patients. Exosomes can be isolated from a broad range of different cell types, implicating them as important factors in the regulation of human physiological and pathological processes. Due to their abundant cargo including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, exosomes have played a valuable diagnostic and therapeutic role across multiple diseases, including cancer. In this review, we summarize recent findings concerning the content within and participation of exosomes relating to OSCC and their roles in tumorigenesis, proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, and chemoresistance. We conclude this review by looking ahead to their potential utility in providing new methods for treating OSCC to inspire further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Geru Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jialing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chenghao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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659
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Jiang S, Fagman JB, Chen C, Alberti S, Liu B. Protein phase separation and its role in tumorigenesis. eLife 2020; 9:60264. [PMID: 33138914 PMCID: PMC7609067 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation, but the precise pathological mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis often remain to be elucidated. In recent years, condensates formed by phase separation have emerged as a new principle governing the organization and functional regulation of cells. Increasing evidence links cancer-related mutations to aberrantly altered condensate assembly, suggesting that condensates play a key role in tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarize and discuss the latest progress on the formation, regulation, and function of condensates. Special emphasis is given to emerging evidence regarding the link between condensates and the initiation and progression of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Bourghardt Fagman
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Changyan Chen
- Department of Oncology at the Department of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Simon Alberti
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Beidong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Center for Large-scale cell-based screening, Faculty of Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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660
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Nisar S, Hashem S, Macha MA, Yadav SK, Muralitharan S, Therachiyil L, Sageena G, Al-Naemi H, Haris M, Bhat AA. Exploring Dysregulated Signaling Pathways in Cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:429-445. [PMID: 31939726 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200115095937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cell biology takes advantage of identifying diverse cellular signaling pathways that are disrupted in cancer. Signaling pathways are an important means of communication from the exterior of cell to intracellular mediators, as well as intracellular interactions that govern diverse cellular processes. Oncogenic mutations or abnormal expression of signaling components disrupt the regulatory networks that govern cell function, thus enabling tumor cells to undergo dysregulated mitogenesis, to resist apoptosis, and to promote invasion to neighboring tissues. Unraveling of dysregulated signaling pathways may advance the understanding of tumor pathophysiology and lead to the improvement of targeted tumor therapy. In this review article, different signaling pathways and how their dysregulation contributes to the development of tumors have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Nisar
- Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sheema Hashem
- Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States.,Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Santosh K Yadav
- Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Lubna Therachiyil
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Hamda Al-Naemi
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.,Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
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661
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EGFR overexpression increases radiotherapy response in HPV-positive head and neck cancer through inhibition of DNA damage repair and HPV E6 downregulation. Cancer Lett 2020; 498:80-97. [PMID: 33137407 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
High-risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infections have recently emerged as an independent risk factor in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). There has been a marked increase in the incidence of HPV-induced HNSCC subtype, which demonstrates different genetics with better treatment outcome. Despite the favourable prognosis of HPV-HNSCC, the treatment modality, consisting of high dose radiotherapy (RT) in combination with chemotherapy (CT), remains similar to HPV-negative tumours, associated with toxic side effects. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in over 80% of HNSCC and correlates with RT resistance. EGFR inhibitor Cetuximab is the only FDA approved targeted therapy for both HNSCC subtypes, however the response varies between HNSCC subtypes. In HPV-negative HNSCC, Cetuximab sensitises HNSCC to RT improving survival rates. To reduce adverse cytotoxicity of CT, Cetuximab has been approved for treatment de-escalation of HPV-positive HNSCC. The results of several recent clinical trials have concluded differing outcome to HPV-negative HNSCC. Here we investigated the role of EGFR in HPV-positive HNSCC response to RT. Remarkably, in HPV-positive HNSCC cell lines and in vivo tumour models, EGFR activation was strongly indicative of increased RT response. In response to RT, EGFR activation induced impairment of DNA damage repair and increased RT response. Furthermore, EGFR was found to downregulate HPV oncoproteinE6 expression and induced p53 activity in response to RT. Collectively, our data uncovers a novel role for EGFR in virally induced HNSCC and highlights the importance of using EGFR-targeted therapies in the context of the genetic makeup of cancer.
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662
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Frawley T, Piskareva O. Extracellular Vesicle Dissemination of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Ligands and Its Role in Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113200. [PMID: 33143170 PMCID: PMC7693808 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Overexpression of the transmembrane protein, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), drives tumour progression in several cancers including breast, lung, glioblastoma and head and neck cancers. In recent years, it has been shown that tumour cells can transfer EGFR to other tumour cells and non-tumour cells using extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are nano-sized vesicles secreted by cells and contain protein, RNA and DNA. The function of EVs is to send messages between cells which occurs in both healthy and diseased states. In this review, we will discuss how the transfer of EGFR and EGFR ligands by EVs in cancer can promote metastases, the formation of new tumour blood vessels and decrease the anti-tumour activity of immune cells. We will also discuss how EGFR contained in EVs can be used as a non-invasive diagnostic marker of cancer, and finally, how EVs can be re-engineered to promote targeting to EGFR expressing tumours. Abstract The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway functions through the autocrine or paracrine activation of cellular EGFR by a number of transmembrane ligands. Amplified or mutant EGFR can lead to tumour formation due to increased cell proliferation, growth, migration and survival signals. These oncogenic effects were thought to be confined to aberrant cells hosting genetic alterations in EGFR. However, in the past decade, numerous studies identified that tumour cells could harness extracellular vesicles (EVs) to disseminate EGFR, mutant EGFR, phosphorylated EGFR and EGFR ligands to local and distant cells. This functions to impart a pro-tumourigenic phenotype in recipient cells. EVs play an essential role in intracellular communication, through receptor signalling or the release of their intra-vesicular content into recipient cells. This review will discuss the role of EVs delivering EGFR or EGFR ligands either to or from tumour cells and how this can promote metastases, pre-metastatic niche formation, osteoclastogenesis, angiogenesis and immune modulation in cancer. We will examine how circulating EVs positive for EGFR may be exploited as diagnostic, prognostic or therapeutic markers in cancers including breast, lung, glioblastoma, ovarian and prostate. Finally, we will explore recent breakthroughs in bio-engineering EVs with EGFR targeting abilities for targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Frawley
- Cancer Bio-Engineering Group, Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital, Crumlin, D12 8MGH Dublin, Ireland
- Correspondence: (T.F.); (O.P.); Tel.: +353-1-402-2123 (O.P.); Fax: +353-1-402-2453 (O.P.)
| | - Olga Piskareva
- Cancer Bio-Engineering Group, Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital, Crumlin, D12 8MGH Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 8QV2 Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences and Trinity College Dublin, D02 8PVW Dublin, Ireland
- Correspondence: (T.F.); (O.P.); Tel.: +353-1-402-2123 (O.P.); Fax: +353-1-402-2453 (O.P.)
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663
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Andreu I, Lence E, González-Bello C, Mayorga C, Cuquerella MC, Vayá I, Miranda MA. Protein Binding of Lapatinib and Its N- and O-Dealkylated Metabolites Interrogated by Fluorescence, Ultrafast Spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:576495. [PMID: 33192518 PMCID: PMC7662899 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.576495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lapatinib (LAP) is an anticancer drug generally used to treat breast and lung cancer. It exhibits hypersensitivity reactions in addition to dermatological adverse effects and photosensitivity. Moreover, LAP binds to serum proteins and is readily biotransformed in humans, giving rise to several metabolites, such as N- and O-dealkylated products (N-LAP and O-LAP, respectively). In this context, the aim of the present work is to obtain key information on drug@protein complexation, the first step involved in a number of hypersensitivity reactions, by a combination of fluorescence, femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Following this approach, the behavior of LAP and its metabolites has been investigated in the presence of serum proteins, such as albumins and α1-acid glycoproteins (SAs and AGs, respectively) from human and bovine origin. Fluorescence results pointed to a higher affinity of LAP and its metabolites to human proteins; the highest one was found for LAP@HSA. This is associated to the coplanar orientation adopted by the furan and quinazoline rings of LAP, which favors emission from long-lived (up to the ns time-scale) locally-excited (LE) states, disfavoring population of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) states. Moreover, the highly constrained environment provided by subdomain IB of HSA resulted in a frozen conformation of the ligand, contributing to fluorescence enhancement. Computational studies were clearly in line with the experimental observations, providing valuable insight into the nature of the binding sites and the conformational arrangement of the ligands inside the protein cavities. Besides, a good correlation was found between the calculated binding energies for each ligand@protein complex and the relative affinities observed in competition experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Andreu
- Departamento de Química/Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC, Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain.,Unidad Mixta de Investigación UPV-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) La Fe, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Emilio Lence
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Concepción González-Bello
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cristobalina Mayorga
- Allergy Clinical Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga and Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - M Consuelo Cuquerella
- Departamento de Química/Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC, Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain.,Unidad Mixta de Investigación UPV-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) La Fe, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ignacio Vayá
- Departamento de Química/Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC, Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain.,Unidad Mixta de Investigación UPV-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) La Fe, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel A Miranda
- Departamento de Química/Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC, Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain.,Unidad Mixta de Investigación UPV-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) La Fe, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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664
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Gudanis D, Kaniowski D, Kulik K, Baranowski D, Gdaniec Z, Nawrot B. Formation of an RNA Quadruplex-Duplex Hybrid in Living Cells between mRNA of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and a G-Rich Antisense Oligoribonucleotide. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112375. [PMID: 33138194 PMCID: PMC7692301 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antisense DNA oligonucleotides, short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and CRISPR/Cas9 genetic tools are the most useful therapeutic nucleic acids regulating gene expression based on the antisense specificity towards messenger RNA. Here, we present an effective novel strategy for inhibiting translation based on the antisense-controlled formation of an RNA quadruplex-duplex hybrid (QDH) between a G-rich RNA antisense oligoribonucleotide (Q-ASO) and specific mRNA, comprising two distant G-tracts. We selected epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as a well-established target protein in anticancer therapy. The chemically modified, bi-functional anti-EGFR Q-ASO and a 56-nt long EGFR mRNA fragment, in the presence of potassium ions, were shown to form in vitro very stable parallel G-quadruplex containing a 28-nt long external loop folding to two duplex-stem structure. Besides, the Q-ASOs effectively reduced EGFR mRNA levels compared to the non-modified RNA and DNA antisense oligonucleotides (rASO, dASO). In addition, the hybridization specificity of Q-ASO comprising a covalently attached fluorescent tag was confirmed in living cells by visualization of the G4 green fluorescent species in the presence of other antisense inhibitors under competitive conditions. The results presented here offer novel insights into the potential application of Q-ASOs for the detection and/or alteration of (patho)biological processes through RNA:RNA quadruplex-duplex formation in cellular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Gudanis
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland; (D.B.); (Z.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61-852-85-03 (ext. 1286)
| | - Damian Kaniowski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 90-363 Lodz, Poland; (D.K.); (K.K.); (B.N.)
| | - Katarzyna Kulik
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 90-363 Lodz, Poland; (D.K.); (K.K.); (B.N.)
| | - Daniel Baranowski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland; (D.B.); (Z.G.)
| | - Zofia Gdaniec
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland; (D.B.); (Z.G.)
| | - Barbara Nawrot
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 90-363 Lodz, Poland; (D.K.); (K.K.); (B.N.)
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665
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Xie Y, Hu Y, Zhou N, Yao C, Wu L, Liu L, Chen F. CAR T-cell therapy for triple-negative breast cancer: Where we are. Cancer Lett 2020; 491:121-131. [PMID: 32795486 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most complex and challenging breast cancer subtype to treat, and chemotherapy remains the standard of care. Clinically, TNBC has a relatively high rate of recurrence and poor prognosis, which leads to a significant effort to discover novel strategies to treat patients with these tumors. Currently, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell-based immunotherapy redirects the patient's immune system directly to recognize and eradicate tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) expressing tumor cells being explored as a treatment for TNBC. A steadily increasing research in CAR T-cell therapy targeting different TAAs in TNBC has reported. In this review, we introduce the CAR technology and summarize the potential TAAs, available CARs, the antitumor activity, and the related toxicity of CARs currently under investigation for TNBC. We also highlight the potential strategies to prevent/reduce potential "on target, off tumor" toxicity induced by CAR T-cell therapy. This review will help to explore proper targets to expand further the CAR T-cell therapy for TNBCs in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuetao Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518038, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518038, China
| | - Nawu Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518038, China
| | - Cuicui Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518038, China
| | - Lixin Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518038, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Everest Medical Care, 2010 West Chester Pike, Havertown, PA, 19083, USA
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518038, China.
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666
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Gomez S, Tsung A, Hu Z. Current Targets and Bioconjugation Strategies in Photodynamic Diagnosis and Therapy of Cancer. Molecules 2020; 25:E4964. [PMID: 33121022 PMCID: PMC7662882 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) and therapy (PDT) are emerging, non/minimally invasive techniques for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Both techniques require a photosensitizer and light to visualize or destroy cancer cells. However, a limitation of conventional, non-targeted PDT is poor selectivity, causing side effects. The bioconjugation of a photosensitizer to a tumor-targeting molecule, such as an antibody or a ligand peptide, is a way to improve selectivity. The bioconjugation strategy can generate a tumor-targeting photosensitizer conjugate specific for cancer cells, or ideally, for multiple tumor compartments to improve selectivity and efficacy, such as cancer stem cells and tumor neovasculature within the tumor microenvironment. If successful, such targeted photosensitizer conjugates can also be used for specific visualization and detection of cancer cells and/or tumor angiogenesis (an early event in tumorigenesis) with the hope of an early diagnosis of cancer. The purpose of this review is to summarize some current promising target molecules, e.g., tissue factor (also known as CD142), and the currently used bioconjugation strategies in PDT and PDD, with a focus on newly developed protein photosensitizers. These are genetically engineered photosensitizers, with the possibility of generating a fusion protein photosensitizer by recombinant DNA technology for both PDT and PDD without the need of chemical conjugation. We believe that providing an overview of promising targets and bioconjugation strategies will aid in driving research in this field forward towards more effective, less toxic, and non- or minimally invasive treatment and diagnosis options for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Gomez
- The James-Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Surgical Oncology Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 460 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.G.); (A.T.)
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 370 W 9th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Allan Tsung
- The James-Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Surgical Oncology Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 460 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.G.); (A.T.)
| | - Zhiwei Hu
- The James-Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Surgical Oncology Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 460 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.G.); (A.T.)
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667
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Qi WX, Cao L, Xu C, Zhao S, Chen J. Dual HER2 blockade therapy increases the risk of developing cardiac toxicities in HER2-positive breast cancer: An up-to-date comprehensive meta-analysis. Breast J 2020; 27:69-71. [PMID: 33085146 DOI: 10.1111/tbj.14098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Xiang Qi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Cao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengguang Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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668
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Vayá I, Andreu I, Lence E, González-Bello C, Consuelo Cuquerella M, Navarrete-Miguel M, Roca-Sanjuán D, Miranda MA. Characterization of Locally Excited and Charge-Transfer States of the Anticancer Drug Lapatinib by Ultrafast Spectroscopy and Computational Studies. Chemistry 2020; 26:15922-15930. [PMID: 32585059 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lapatinib (LAP) is an anticancer drug, which is metabolized to the N- and O-dealkylated products (N-LAP and O-LAP, respectively). In view of the photosensitizing potential of related drugs, a complete experimental and theoretical study has been performed on LAP, N-LAP and O-LAP, both in solution and upon complexation with human serum albumin (HSA). In organic solvents, coplanar locally excited (LE) emissive states are generated; they rapidly evolve towards twisted intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) states. By contrast, within HSA only LE states are detected. Accordingly, femtosecond transient absorption reveals a very fast switching (ca. 2 ps) from LE (λmax =550 nm) to ICT states (λmax =480 nm) in solution, whereas within HSA the LE species become stabilized and live much longer (up to the ns scale). Interestingly, molecular dynamics simulation studies confirm that the coplanar orientation is preferred for LAP (or to a lesser extent N-LAP) within HSA, explaining the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Vayá
- Departamento de Química/Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, València, Spain.,Unidad Mixta de Investigación UPV-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS), La Fe, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Avenida de Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Andreu
- Departamento de Química/Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, València, Spain.,Unidad Mixta de Investigación UPV-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS), La Fe, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Avenida de Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Emilio Lence
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais, Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782, Santiago, de Compostela, Spain
| | - Concepción González-Bello
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais, Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782, Santiago, de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Consuelo Cuquerella
- Departamento de Química/Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, València, Spain.,Unidad Mixta de Investigación UPV-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS), La Fe, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Avenida de Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miriam Navarrete-Miguel
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València, P.O. Box 22085, 46071, València, Spain
| | - Daniel Roca-Sanjuán
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València, P.O. Box 22085, 46071, València, Spain
| | - Miguel A Miranda
- Departamento de Química/Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, València, Spain.,Unidad Mixta de Investigación UPV-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS), La Fe, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Avenida de Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
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669
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Chang YZ, Li GZ, Pang B, Zhang KN, Zhang XH, Wang YZ, Jiang ZL, Chai RC. Transcriptional Characteristics of IDH-Wild Type Glioma Subgroups Highlight the Biological Processes Underlying Heterogeneity of IDH-Wild Type WHO Grade IV Gliomas. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:580464. [PMID: 33195221 PMCID: PMC7642517 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.580464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Isocitric dehydrogenase (IDH)-wild type diffuse gliomas, which have a poorer prognosis than their IDH-mutant counterparts, are also accompanied with high heterogeneity. Here, we aimed to identify the key biological processes associated with the three groups of IDH-wild type diffuse gliomas in 323 patients. By The Consortium to Inform Molecular and Practical Approaches to CNS Tumor Taxonomy (cIMPACT-NOW) update 3 recommendation, the three groups are Group A, diffuse astrocytic glioma, World Health Organization (WHO) grade II/III; Group B, diffuse astrocytic glioma, with one (or more) of the three genetic alterations: TERT promoter mutation, EGFR gene amplification, gain of chromosome 7 combined with loss of chromosome 10, WHO grade IV; and Group C, glioblastoma, WHO grade IV. Consistent with their histologic and genetic molecular features, we successfully identified that biological activities associated with “cell cycle” and “cell mitosis” are significantly elevated in Group B compared with Group A; microenvironment-related hallmarks “angiogenesis” and “hypoxia,” and biological processes of “extracellular matrix,” “immune response,” and “positive regulation of transcriptional activities” were more enriched in Group C than Group B. We also constructed a nine-gene signature from differentially expressed genes among the three groups to further stratify the WHO grade IV gliomas (Groups B and C) whose survival cannot be clearly stratified by current classification systems. This signature was an independent prognosis factor for WHO grade IV gliomas and had better prognostic value than other known factors in both training and validation dataset. In addition, the signature risk score was positively correlated with the amount of infiltrated immune cells, expression of immune checkpoints, and the genes enriched in biological processes of “immune response,” “cell cycle,” and “extracellular matrix.” The bioinformatic analysis results were also validated by immunohistochemistry and patient-derived cell proliferation assay. Overall, our findings revealed the key biological processes underlying the new classifications of IDH-wild type diffuse glioma. Meanwhile, we constructed a signature, which could properly stratify the prognosis, cell proliferation activates, extracellular matrix-mediated biological activities, and immune-microenvironment of IDH-wild type WHO grade IV gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Zhou Chang
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guan-Zhang Li
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Pang
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network, Beijing, China
| | - Ke-Nan Zhang
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Zhi Wang
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong-Li Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Chao Chai
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network, Beijing, China
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670
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Kappler M, Dauter K, Reich W, Bethmann D, Schwabe M, Rot S, Wickenhauser C, Al-Nawas B, Eckert AW. Prognostic impact of cytoplasmatic EGFR upregulation in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma: A pilot study. Mol Clin Oncol 2020; 13:88. [PMID: 33163183 PMCID: PMC7642807 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2020.2158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In various tumors, epidermal growth factor-receptor (EGFR) serves a role in tumorigenesis and has an impact on survival. Usually the EGF-receptor is located on the surface of the cell membrane and is involved in various signaling pathways. The dimerization of EGFR with other ErbB family proteins, such as HER2, is important for the tumor progression. Nevertheless, a second EGFR-associated signaling pathway appears to be important for tumor cells, which is cytoplasmic/nuclear EGFR. The present study examined the influence of membranous or cytoplasmic localized EGFR on the prognosis of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Slides from 45 OSCC tumor samples were stained against EGFR using immunohistochemistry and analysed by the Remmele score system. The association with histopathological parameters and survival data was analyzed. Cytoplasmatic EGFR localization was identified as an independent predictive biomarker for overall survival in the examined OSCC cohort according to multivariate Cox regression analysis. Positive cytoplasmatic EGFR staining was correlated with a higher risk of early death (RR=3.0; P=0.035), while membranous EGFR localization did not affect patient survival. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first study to demonstrate that cytoplasmatic-localized EGFR is an independent prognostic biomarker for the overall survival of patients with OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Kappler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Kevin Dauter
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Waldemar Reich
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Daniel Bethmann
- Institute of Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06110 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Swetlana Rot
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Claudia Wickenhauser
- Institute of Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06110 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Bilal Al-Nawas
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Alexander W Eckert
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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671
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Han B, Yang X, Hosseini DK, Luo P, Liu M, Xu X, Zhang Y, Su H, Zhou T, Sun H, Chen X. Development and validation of a survival model for thyroid carcinoma based on autophagy-associated genes. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:19129-19146. [PMID: 33055358 PMCID: PMC7732287 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Abnormalities in autophagy-related genes (ARGs) are closely related to the occurrence and development of thyroid carcinoma (THCA). However, the effect of ARGs on the prognosis of THCA remains unclear. Here, by analyzing data from TCGA, 26 differentially expressed ARGs were screened. Cox regression and Lasso regression were utilized to analyze the prognosis of the training group, and a risk model was constructed. Our results show that low-risk patients had better overall survival (OS) than high-risk patients, and the area under the ROC curve in the training and testing groups was significant (3-year AUC, 0.735 vs 0.796; 5-year AUC, 0.821 vs 0.804). In addition, a comprehensive analysis of the 5 identified ARGs demonstrated that most of them were related to OS in THCA patients, and two of them (CX3CL1 and CDKN2A) were differentially expressed in THCA and normal thyroid tissues at the protein level. GSEA suggested that the inactivation of the cell defense system and the activation of some classical tumor signaling pathways are important driving forces for the progression of THCA. This study demonstrated that the 5 ARGs in the survival model are promising multidimensional biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of THCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoai Han
- Public Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 30000, China
| | - Xiuping Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Davood K. Hosseini
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA 94305, USA
| | - Pan Luo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck surgery, Wuhan Central Hospital, Wuhan 430014, China
| | - Mengzhi Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hongguo Su
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Haiying Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiong Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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672
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Skeletal Muscle Loss during Multikinase Inhibitors Therapy: Molecular Pathways, Clinical Implications, and Nutritional Challenges. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103101. [PMID: 33053632 PMCID: PMC7601327 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In cancer patients, loss of muscle mass is significantly associated with low tolerability of chemotherapy and poor survival. Despite the great strides in the treatment of cancer, targeted therapies such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) could exacerbate muscle wasting. Over recent years, the impact of skeletal muscle loss during TKI therapy on clinical outcomes has been in the spotlight. In this review, we focus on the different molecular pathways of TKIs potentially involved in muscle wasting. Then, we report the results of the studies assessing the effects of different TKI therapies—such as sorafenib, regorafenib, sunitinib, and lenvatinib—on muscle mass, and highlight their potential clinical implications. Finally, we discuss an integrative nutritional approach to be adopted during TKI treatment. The assessment of muscle mass from computerized tomography imaging could be helpful in predicting toxicity and prognosis in patients treated with TKI such as sorafenib. Early recognition of low muscle mass and effective personalized nutritional support could prevent or attenuate muscle mass wasting. However, the role of nutrition is still overlooked, and future clinical trials are needed to find the optimal nutritional support to countermeasure muscle mass depletion during TKI therapy.
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673
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Epigenetic Mechanisms of LncRNAs Binding to Protein in Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102925. [PMID: 33050646 PMCID: PMC7599656 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The functional analysis of lncRNA, which has recently been investigated in various fields of biological research, is critical to understanding the delicate control of cells and the occurrence of diseases. The interaction between proteins and lncRNA, which has been found to be a major mechanism, has been reported to play an important role in cancer development and progress. This review thus organized the lncRNAs and related proteins involved in the cancer process, from carcinogenesis to metastasis and resistance to chemotherapy, to better understand cancer and to further develop new treatments for it. This will provide a new perspective on clinical cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Abstract Epigenetic dysregulation is an important feature for cancer initiation and progression. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts that stably present as RNA forms with no translated protein and have lengths larger than 200 nucleotides. LncRNA can epigenetically regulate either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. Nowadays, the combined research of lncRNA plus protein analysis is gaining more attention. LncRNA controls gene expression directly by binding to transcription factors of target genes and indirectly by complexing with other proteins to bind to target proteins and cause protein degradation, reduced protein stability, or interference with the binding of other proteins. Various studies have indicated that lncRNA contributes to cancer development by modulating genes epigenetically and studies have been done to determine which proteins are combined with lncRNA and contribute to cancer development. In this review, we look in depth at the epigenetic regulatory function of lncRNAs that are capable of complexing with other proteins in cancer development.
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674
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Yao N, Wang CR, Liu MQ, Li YJ, Chen WM, Li ZQ, Qi Q, Lu JJ, Fan CL, Chen MF, Qi M, Li XB, Hong J, Zhang DM, Ye WC. Discovery of a novel EGFR ligand DPBA that degrades EGFR and suppresses EGFR-positive NSCLC growth. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:214. [PMID: 33033232 PMCID: PMC7544691 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00251-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation plays a pivotal role in EGFR-driven non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is considered as a key target of molecular targeted therapy. EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been canonically used in NSCLC treatment. However, prevalent innate and acquired resistances and EGFR kinase-independent pro-survival properties limit the clinical efficacy of EGFR TKIs. Therefore, the discovery of novel EGFR degraders is a promising approach towards improving therapeutic efficacy and overcoming drug resistance. Here, we identified a 23-hydroxybetulinic acid derivative, namely DPBA, as a novel EGFR small-molecule ligand. It exerted potent in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity in both EGFR wild type and mutant NSCLC by degrading EGFR. Mechanistic studies disclosed that DPBA binds to the EGFR extracellular domain at sites differing from those of EGF and EGFR. DPBA did not induce EGFR dimerization, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination, but it significantly promoted EGFR degradation and repressed downstream survival pathways. Further analyses showed that DPBA induced clathrin-independent EGFR endocytosis mediated by flotillin-dependent lipid rafts and unaffected by EGFR TKIs. Activation of the early and late endosome markers rab5 and rab7 but not the recycling endosome marker rab11 was involved in DPBA-induced EGFR lysosomal degradation. The present study offers a new EGFR ligand for EGFR pharmacological degradation and proposes it as a potential treatment for EGFR-positive NSCLC, particularly NSCLC with innate or acquired EGFR TKI resistance. DPBA can also serve as a chemical probe in the studies on EGFR trafficking and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen-Ran Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Qun Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Jie Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Qiu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Qi
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Chun-Lin Fan
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min-Feng Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Hong
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Mei Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Wen-Cai Ye
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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675
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Nong Y, Liang Y, Liang X, Li Y, Yang B. Pharmacological targets and mechanisms of calycosin against meningitis. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:19468-19492. [PMID: 33031061 PMCID: PMC7732281 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This report aimed to identity the potential anti-meningitis targets and mechanisms functioned by calycosin through network pharmacology approach. The bioinformatics databases were used to screen and collect the candidate genes/targets of calycosin and meningitis prior to identification of vital biotargets of calycosin-anti-meningitis. Additionally, the functional processes, signaling pathways of calycosin-anti-meningitis were screened and identified before further data visualization. As a result, all candidate and mapped biotargets of calycosin and meningitis were harvested before the vital targets of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), ataxia telangiectasia mutated protein (ATM), estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1), caspase-8 (CASP8), nerve growth factor (NGF) of calycosin-anti-meningitis were identified. The molecular processes of calycosin-anti-meningitis were screened and identified, including reduction of inflammatory development. Furthermore, the molecular pathways of calycosin-anti-meningitis were revealed, including suppression of NF-kappa B, Toll-like receptor, TNF signaling pathways. Molecular docking findings uncovered the docking capacity of calycosin with meningitis and potential pharmacological activity of calycosin against meningitis. In conclusion, these bioinformatic data uncovered the network targets and mechanisms of calycosin-anti-meningitis. And the current findings indicated that the vital targets might be used as potent biomarkers for detecting meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Nong
- Department of Neurology (Area Two), Guigang City People’s Hospital, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guigang, PR China
| | - Yujia Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Xiaoliu Liang
- Department of Neurology (Area Two), Guigang City People’s Hospital, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guigang, PR China
| | - Yongming Li
- Department of Gynecology, Guigang City People's Hospital, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guigang, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Neurology (Area Two), Guigang City People’s Hospital, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guigang, PR China
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676
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Protein kinases as targets for developing anticancer agents from marine organisms. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1865:129759. [PMID: 33038451 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases play a fundamental role in the intracellular transduction because of their ability to phosphorylate plethora of proteins. Over the past three decades, numerous protein kinase inhibitors have been identified and are being used clinically successfully. The biodiversity of marine organisms provides a rich source for the discovery and development of novel anticancer agents in the treatment of human malignancies and a lot of bioactive ingredients from marine organisms display anticancer effects by affecting the protein kinases-mediated pathways. In the present mini-review, anticancer compounds from marine source were reviewed and discussed in context of their targeted pathways associated with protein kinases and the progress of these compounds as anticancer agents in recent five years were emphasized. The molecular entities and their modes of actions were presented. We focused on protein kinases-mediated signaling pathways including PI3K/Akt/mTOR, p38 MAPK, and EGFR. The marine compounds targeting special pathways of protein kinases were highlighted. We have also discussed the existing challenges and prospects related to design and development of novel protein kinase inhibitors from marine sources.
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677
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Chen T, Liu X, Hong H, Wei H. Novel single-domain antibodies against the EGFR domain III epitope exhibit the anti-tumor effect. J Transl Med 2020; 18:376. [PMID: 33023595 PMCID: PMC7541222 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02538-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been used for cancer therapy. They are large and have some disadvantages limiting their use. Smaller antibody fragments are needed as their alternatives. A fully human single-domain antibody (sdAb) has a small size of only 15 kDa and consists of only the variable domain of the human antibody heavy chain (VH). It has no immunogenicity. It can easily penetrate into tumor tissues, target an epitope inaccessible to mAb and be manufactured in bacteria for a low cost. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is over-expressed in many cancer cells and is a good target for cancer therapy. Methods The EGFR protein fragment located on the EGFR extracellular domain III was chosen to screen a human sdAb library. Five human anti-EGFR sdAbs were identified. Their specific binding to EGFR was confirmed by ELISA, Western blotting and flow cytometry. Their anti-tumor effects were tested. Results Five novel fully human anti-EGFR sdAbs were isolated. They specifically bound to EGFR, not to the seven unrelated proteins as negative controls. They also bound to the three different human cancer cell lines, but not to the two cell lines as negative controls. They inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion and increased apoptosis of these three cancer cell lines. Two of them were tested for their anti-tumor effect in vivo and showed the anti-tumor activity in a mouse xenograft model for human lung cancer. Immunohistochemical staining of xenograft tumors also showed that their anti-tumor effects were associated with the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and the promotion of cancer cell apoptosis. Conclusions This study clearly demonstrated that the anti-EGFR sdAbs could inhibit cancer cell growth in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. They could be potential therapeutics for the treatment of different human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Haifeng Hong
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Henry Wei
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
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678
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Fei Z, Xu T, Li M, Chen T, Li L, Qiu X, Chen C. Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness analysis of nimotuzumab for the radiotherapy of locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Radiat Oncol 2020; 15:230. [PMID: 33008416 PMCID: PMC7530954 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-020-01674-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of nimotuzumab in patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC). METHODS LA-NPC patients treated between October 2013 and December 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. A well-balanced cohort of patients who received nimotuzumab in addition to standard treatment (n = 50) and patients who did not receive nimotuzumab (n = 100) was selected using propensity score-matching method (1:2 ratio) for the cost-effectiveness analysis. RESULTS Compared with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) alone, addition of nimotuzumab to CCRT significantly improved the 3-year overall survival (OS) (98.00% vs. 91.00%, P = 0.032). On multivariate analysis, nimotuzumab (hazard ratio = 0.124, 95% confidence interval: 0.017-0.902, P = 0.039) showed prognostic significance for OS. No serious treatment-related adverse events were observed in the nimotuzumab group (P > 0.05). Cost-effectiveness analysis revealed that addition of nimotuzumab increased the average treatment costs by $14,364.63. The additional cost for every one percent increase in OS rate was $ 2,052.09. CONCLUSION Addition of nimotuzumab to CCRT for LA-NPC confers significant survival benefits; however, it is not cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaodong Fei
- Department of Radiotherapy, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital and Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Xu
- Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengying Li
- Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Taojun Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital and Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital and Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiufang Qiu
- Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanben Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital and Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital and Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuma Road, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
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679
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Baillache DJ, Unciti-Broceta A. Recent developments in anticancer kinase inhibitors based on the pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidine scaffold. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:1112-1135. [PMID: 33479617 PMCID: PMC7652001 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00227e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines have become of significant interest for the medicinal chemistry community as a privileged scaffold for the development of kinase inhibitors to treat a range of diseases, including cancer. This fused nitrogen-containing heterocycle is an isostere of the adenine ring of ATP, allowing the molecules to mimic hinge region binding interactions in kinase active sites. Similarities in kinase ATP sites can be exploited to direct the activity and selectivity of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines to multiple oncogenic targets through focussed chemical modification. As a result, pharma and academic efforts have succeeded in progressing several pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines to clinical trials, including the BTK inhibitor ibrutinib, which has been approved for the treatment of several B-cell cancers. In this review, we examine the pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines currently in clinical trials for oncology patients, as well as those published in the literature during the last 5 years for different anticancer indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Baillache
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre , Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine , University of Edinburgh , Crewe Road South , Edinburgh EH4 2XR , UK .
| | - Asier Unciti-Broceta
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre , Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine , University of Edinburgh , Crewe Road South , Edinburgh EH4 2XR , UK .
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680
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Poursheikhani A, Abbaszadegan MR, Kerachian MA. Mechanisms of long non-coding RNA function in colorectal cancer tumorigenesis. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2020; 17:7-23. [PMID: 32970938 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.13452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers globally. Although a variety of CRC screening methods have been developed, many patients are diagnosed at advanced stages of CRC with tumor invasion and distance metastasis. Several studies have suggested the long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as one of the main contributors in CRC tumorigenesis, although the exact underlying mechanism of lncRNAs in CRC is still unknown. Numerous studies have indicated aberrant expression of lncRNAs in CRC through different modes of action such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, DNA repair response, drug-resistance, migration, and metastasis. Furthermore, lncRNA polymorphisms can influence the risk of CRC development. Accordingly, lncRNAs can be served as promising diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers and also desired therapeutic targets affecting the outcome of patients with CRC. In this review, we summarized the updated and novel evidence that identifies different roles of lncRNAs in the tumorigenesis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Poursheikhani
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abbaszadegan
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Kerachian
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Cancer Genetics Research Unit, Reza Radiotherapy, and Oncology Center, Mashhad, Iran
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681
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iRhom2: An Emerging Adaptor Regulating Immunity and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186570. [PMID: 32911849 PMCID: PMC7554728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The rhomboid family are evolutionary conserved intramembrane proteases. Their inactive members, iRhom in Drosophila melanogaster and iRhom1 and iRhom2 in mammals, lack the catalytic center and are hence labelled “inactive” rhomboid family members. In mammals, both iRhoms are involved in maturation and trafficking of the ubiquitous transmembrane protease a disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) 17, which through cleaving many biologically active molecules has a critical role in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Notch signaling. Accordingly, with iRhom2 having a profound influence on ADAM17 activation and substrate specificity it regulates these signaling pathways. Moreover, iRhom2 has a role in the innate immune response to both RNA and DNA viruses and in regulation of keratin subtype expression in wound healing and cancer. Here we review the role of iRhom2 in immunity and disease, both dependent and independent of its regulation of ADAM17.
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682
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Adenomyoepithelial tumors of the breast: molecular underpinnings of a rare entity. Mod Pathol 2020; 33:1764-1772. [PMID: 32355271 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-020-0552-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adenomyoepitheliomas (AMEs) of the breast are uncommon and span the morphologic spectrum of benign, atypical, in situ, and invasive forms. In exceptionally rare cases, these tumors metastasize to regional lymph nodes or distant sites. In the era of genomic characterization, data is limited regarding AMEs. The aim of this study was to provide insight into the molecular underpinnings of a spectrum of AMEs. Seven cases of AMEs of the breast (benign-1, atypical-2, in situ-1, invasive-3) were identified in our files. The seven samples were interrogated using the Oncomine Comprehensive Assay v3 (ThermoFisher). Two atypical AMEs and the malignant in situ AME harbored the same gain-of-function PIK3CA mutation. The malignant in situ AME also showed EGFR amplification, not described previously. Both a benign AME and a malignant invasive AME shared the same gain-of-function AKT1 variant. The benign AME also showed a GNAS mutation. Moreover, the same gain-of-function HRAS mutation was present in an atypical AME and a malignant invasive AME. We also identified co-occurring HRAS and PIK3CA mutations in an ER-positive atypical AME, which has not been previously described. No fusion drivers were detected. We describe the molecular characteristics of the spectrum of AME tumors of the breast, which harbor alterations in the PI3K/AKT pathway. Our findings are clinically relevant with respect to the current options of targeted therapy in the rare instances where malignant AME tumors of the breast progress.
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683
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Duffy C, Sorolla A, Wang E, Golden E, Woodward E, Davern K, Ho D, Johnstone E, Pfleger K, Redfern A, Iyer KS, Baer B, Blancafort P. Honeybee venom and melittin suppress growth factor receptor activation in HER2-enriched and triple-negative breast cancer. NPJ Precis Oncol 2020; 4:24. [PMID: 32923684 PMCID: PMC7463160 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-020-00129-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of study, the molecular mechanisms and selectivity of the biomolecular components of honeybee (Apis mellifera) venom as anticancer agents remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that honeybee venom and its major component melittin potently induce cell death, particularly in the aggressive triple-negative and HER2-enriched breast cancer subtypes. Honeybee venom and melittin suppress the activation of EGFR and HER2 by interfering with the phosphorylation of these receptors in the plasma membrane of breast carcinoma cells. Mutational studies reveal that a positively charged C-terminal melittin sequence mediates plasma membrane interaction and anticancer activity. Engineering of an RGD motif further enhances targeting of melittin to malignant cells with minimal toxicity to normal cells. Lastly, administration of melittin enhances the effect of docetaxel in suppressing breast tumor growth in an allograft model. Our work unveils a molecular mechanism underpinning the anticancer selectivity of melittin, and outlines treatment strategies to target aggressive breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara Duffy
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009 Australia.,Cancer Epigenetics Group, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA 6009 Australia.,Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009 Australia.,Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Anabel Sorolla
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA 6009 Australia.,Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Edina Wang
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA 6009 Australia.,Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Emily Golden
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA 6009 Australia.,Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Eleanor Woodward
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA 6009 Australia.,Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Kathleen Davern
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009 Australia.,Monoclonal Antibody (MAb) Facility, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Diwei Ho
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Elizabeth Johnstone
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009 Australia.,Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA 6009 Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Perth, Australia
| | - Kevin Pfleger
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009 Australia.,Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA 6009 Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Perth, Australia.,Dimerix Limited; Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Andrew Redfern
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009 Australia
| | - K Swaminathan Iyer
- Monoclonal Antibody (MAb) Facility, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Boris Baer
- Centre for Integrative Bee Research (CIBER), Department of Entomology; University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
| | - Pilar Blancafort
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009 Australia.,Cancer Epigenetics Group, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA 6009 Australia.,Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009 Australia.,The Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
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684
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Zhou L, Zhang Z, Huang Z, Nice E, Zou B, Huang C. Revisiting cancer hallmarks: insights from the interplay between oxidative stress and non-coding RNAs. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2020; 1:4. [PMID: 35006436 PMCID: PMC8603983 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-020-00004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most common disease worldwide, with complex changes and certain traits which have been described as “The Hallmarks of Cancer.” Despite increasing studies on in-depth investigation of these hallmarks, the molecular mechanisms associated with tumorigenesis have still not yet been fully defined. Recently, accumulating evidence supports the observation that microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), two main classes of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), regulate most cancer hallmarks through their binding with DNA, RNA or proteins, or encoding small peptides. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), the byproducts generated during metabolic processes, are known to regulate every step of tumorigenesis by acting as second messengers in cancer cells. The disturbance in ROS homeostasis leads to a specific pathological state termed “oxidative stress”, which plays essential roles in regulation of cancer progression. In addition, the interplay between oxidative stress and ncRNAs is found to regulate the expression of multiple genes and the activation of several signaling pathways involved in cancer hallmarks, revealing a potential mechanistic relationship involving ncRNAs, oxidative stress and cancer. In this review, we provide evidence that shows the essential role of ncRNAs and the interplay between oxidative stress and ncRNAs in regulating cancer hallmarks, which may expand our understanding of ncRNAs in the cancer development from the new perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Edouard Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Bingwen Zou
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China.
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China. .,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, P.R. China.
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685
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Chen YC, Wang PY, Huang BM, Chen YJ, Lee WC, Chen YC. 16-Hydroxycleroda-3,13-dien-15,16-olide Induces Apoptosis in Human Bladder Cancer Cells through Cell Cycle Arrest, Mitochondria ROS Overproduction, and Inactivation of EGFR-Related Signalling Pathways. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173958. [PMID: 32872665 PMCID: PMC7504739 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A clerodane diterpene compound 16-hydroxycleroda-3,13-dien-15,16-olide (CD) is considered a therapeutic agent with pharmacological activities. The present study investigated the mechanisms of CD-induced apoptosis in T24 human bladder cancer cells. CD inhibited cell proliferation in a concentration and time-dependent manner. CD-induced overproduction of reactive oxygen species and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, associated with reduced expression of Bcl-2 and increased levels of cytosolic cytochrome c, cleaved PARP-1 and caspase-3. In addition, CD treatment led to cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and inhibited expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinases 2 and 4 and led to increased levels of p21, p27Kip1 and p53. All of these events were accompanied with a reduction of pEGFR, pMEK1/2, pERK1/2, pAkt, pmTOR, pP70S6K1, HIF-1α, c-Myc and VEGF. RNAseq-based analysis revealed that CD-induced cell death was characterised by an increased expression of stress and apoptotic-related genes as well as inhibition of the cell cycle-related genes. In summary, CD induces apoptosis in T24 bladder cancer cells through targeting multiple intracellular signaling pathways as a result of oxidative stress and cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Chen
- Department of Urology, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung 824410, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824410, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Wang
- Department of Paediatric Emergency, Changhua Christian Children Hospital, Changhua 500209, Taiwan;
| | - Bu-Miin Huang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Jen Chen
- Resen Biomedical Informatics, Inc., Taipei 100043, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Chang Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan;
| | - Yung-Chia Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan;
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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686
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Tran VL, Novell A, Tournier N, Gerstenmayer M, Schweitzer-Chaput A, Mateos C, Jego B, Bouleau A, Nozach H, Winkeler A, Kuhnast B, Larrat B, Truillet C. Impact of blood-brain barrier permeabilization induced by ultrasound associated to microbubbles on the brain delivery and kinetics of cetuximab: An immunoPET study using 89Zr-cetuximab. J Control Release 2020; 328:304-312. [PMID: 32860928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), involved in cell proliferation and migration, is overexpressed in ~50% of glioblastomas. Anti-EGFR based strategies using monoclonal antibodies (mAb) such as cetuximab (CTX) have been proposed for central nervous system (CNS) cancer therapy. However, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) drastically restricts their brain penetration which limits their efficacy for the treatment of glioblastomas. Herein, a longitudinal PET imaging study was performed to assess the relevance and the impact of focused ultrasound (FUS)-mediated BBB permeabilization on the brain exposure to the anti-EGFR mAb CTX over time. For this purpose, FUS permeabilization process with microbubbles was applied on intact BBB mouse brain before the injection of 89Zr-labeled CTX for longitudinal imaging monitoring. FUS induced a dramatic increase in mAb penetration to the brain, 2 times higher compared to the intact BBB. The transfer of 89Zr-CTX from blood to the brain was rendered significant by FUS (kuptake = 1.3 ± 0.23 min-1 with FUS versus kuptake = 0 ± 0.006 min-1 without FUS). FUS allowed significant and prolonged exposure to mAb in the brain parenchyma. This study confirms the potential of FUS as a target delivery method for mAb in CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu Long Tran
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay 91401, France
| | - Anthony Novell
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay 91401, France
| | - Nicolas Tournier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay 91401, France
| | | | | | - Claudia Mateos
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay 91401, France
| | - Benoit Jego
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay 91401, France
| | - Alizée Bouleau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay 91401, France
| | - Hervé Nozach
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, 91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Alexandra Winkeler
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay 91401, France
| | - Bertrand Kuhnast
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay 91401, France
| | - Benoit Larrat
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NeuroSpin/BAOBAB, Gif sur Yvette 91191, France
| | - Charles Truillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay 91401, France.
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687
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Mota STS, Vecchi L, Alves DA, Cordeiro AO, Guimarães GS, Campos-Fernández E, Maia YCP, Dornelas BDC, Bezerra SM, de Andrade VP, Goulart LR, Araújo TG. Annexin A1 promotes the nuclear localization of the epidermal growth factor receptor in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 127:105838. [PMID: 32858191 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor is a cancer driver whose nuclear localization has been associated with the progression of prostate cancer to the castration-resistant phenotype. Previous reports indicated a functional interaction between this receptor and the protein Annexin A1, which has also been associated with aggressive tumors. The molecular pathogenesis of castration-resistant prostate cancer remains largely unresolved, and herein we have demonstrated the correlation between the expression levels and localization of the epidermal growth factor receptor and Annexin A1 in prostate cancer samples and cell lines. Interestingly, a higher expression of both proteins was detected in castration-resistant prostate cancer cell lines and the strongest correlation was seen at the nuclear level. We verified that Annexin A1 interacts with the epidermal growth factor receptor, and by using prostate cancer cell lines knocked down for Annexin A1, we succeeded in demonstrating that Annexin A1 promotes the nuclear localization of epidermal growth factor receptor. Finally, we showed that Annexin A1 activates an autocrine signaling in castration-resistant prostate cells through the formyl peptide receptor 1. The inhibition of such signaling by Cyclosporin H inhibits the nuclear localization of epidermal growth factor receptor and its downstream signaling. The present work sheds light on the functional interaction between nuclear epidermal growth factor receptor and nuclear Annexin A1 in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Therefore, strategies to inhibit the nuclear localization of epidermal growth factor receptor through the suppression of the Annexin A1 autocrine loop could represent an important intervention strategy for castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Teixeira Soares Mota
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas, MG, 387400-128, Brazil; Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil.
| | - Lara Vecchi
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil.
| | - Douglas Alexsander Alves
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas, MG, 387400-128, Brazil; Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil.
| | - Antonielle Oliveira Cordeiro
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas, MG, 387400-128, Brazil; Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Silva Guimarães
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas, MG, 387400-128, Brazil; Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil.
| | - Esther Campos-Fernández
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil.
| | | | - Bruno de Carvalho Dornelas
- Pathology Division, Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Luiz Ricardo Goulart
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas, MG, 387400-128, Brazil; University of California, Davis, Dept. of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Thaise Gonçalves Araújo
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas, MG, 387400-128, Brazil; Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil.
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688
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Yao Y, Zhou Y, Liu L, Xu Y, Chen Q, Wang Y, Wu S, Deng Y, Zhang J, Shao A. Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy and Its Role in Overcoming Drug Resistance. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:193. [PMID: 32974385 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00193/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has been extensively studied and exploited for cancer treatment as nanoparticles can play a significant role as a drug delivery system. Compared to conventional drugs, nanoparticle-based drug delivery has specific advantages, such as improved stability and biocompatibility, enhanced permeability and retention effect, and precise targeting. The application and development of hybrid nanoparticles, which incorporates the combined properties of different nanoparticles, has led this type of drug-carrier system to the next level. In addition, nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have been shown to play a role in overcoming cancer-related drug resistance. The mechanisms of cancer drug resistance include overexpression of drug efflux transporters, defective apoptotic pathways, and hypoxic environment. Nanoparticles targeting these mechanisms can lead to an improvement in the reversal of multidrug resistance. Furthermore, as more tumor drug resistance mechanisms are revealed, nanoparticles are increasingly being developed to target these mechanisms. Moreover, scientists have recently started to investigate the role of nanoparticles in immunotherapy, which plays a more important role in cancer treatment. In this review, we discuss the roles of nanoparticles and hybrid nanoparticles for drug delivery in chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy and describe the targeting mechanism of nanoparticle-based drug delivery as well as its function on reversing drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Yao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunxiang Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shijie Wu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongchuan Deng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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689
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Yao Y, Zhou Y, Liu L, Xu Y, Chen Q, Wang Y, Wu S, Deng Y, Zhang J, Shao A. Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy and Its Role in Overcoming Drug Resistance. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:193. [PMID: 32974385 PMCID: PMC7468194 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 386] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has been extensively studied and exploited for cancer treatment as nanoparticles can play a significant role as a drug delivery system. Compared to conventional drugs, nanoparticle-based drug delivery has specific advantages, such as improved stability and biocompatibility, enhanced permeability and retention effect, and precise targeting. The application and development of hybrid nanoparticles, which incorporates the combined properties of different nanoparticles, has led this type of drug-carrier system to the next level. In addition, nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have been shown to play a role in overcoming cancer-related drug resistance. The mechanisms of cancer drug resistance include overexpression of drug efflux transporters, defective apoptotic pathways, and hypoxic environment. Nanoparticles targeting these mechanisms can lead to an improvement in the reversal of multidrug resistance. Furthermore, as more tumor drug resistance mechanisms are revealed, nanoparticles are increasingly being developed to target these mechanisms. Moreover, scientists have recently started to investigate the role of nanoparticles in immunotherapy, which plays a more important role in cancer treatment. In this review, we discuss the roles of nanoparticles and hybrid nanoparticles for drug delivery in chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy and describe the targeting mechanism of nanoparticle-based drug delivery as well as its function on reversing drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Yao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunxiang Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shijie Wu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongchuan Deng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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690
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Current Understanding of the Emerging Role of Prolidase in Cellular Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165906. [PMID: 32824561 PMCID: PMC7460564 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolidase [EC 3.4.13.9], known as PEPD, cleaves di- and tripeptides containing carboxyl-terminal proline or hydroxyproline. For decades, prolidase has been thoroughly investigated, and several mechanisms regulating its activity are known, including the activation of the β1-integrin receptor, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1) receptor, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 receptor. This process may result in increased availability of proline in the mitochondrial proline cycle, thus making proline serve as a substrate for the resynthesis of collagen, an intracellular signaling molecule. However, as a ligand, PEPD can bind directly to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)) and regulate cellular metabolism. Recent reports have indicated that PEPD protects p53 from uncontrolled p53 subcellular activation and its translocation between cellular compartments. PEPD also participates in the maturation of the interferon α/β receptor by regulating its expression. In addition to the biological effects, prolidase demonstrates clinical significance reflected in the disease known as prolidase deficiency. It is also known that prolidase activity is affected in collagen metabolism disorders, metabolic, and oncological conditions. In this article, we review the latest knowledge about prolidase and highlight its biological function, and thus provide an in-depth understanding of prolidase as a dipeptidase and protein regulating the function of key biomolecules in cellular metabolism.
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691
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Colella B, Colardo M, Iannone G, Contadini C, Saiz-Ladera C, Fuoco C, Barilà D, Velasco G, Segatto M, Di Bartolomeo S. mTOR Inhibition Leads to Src-Mediated EGFR Internalisation and Degradation in Glioma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2266. [PMID: 32823532 PMCID: PMC7464593 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal Growth Factor receptor (EGFR) is a tyrosine kinase receptor widely expressed on the surface of numerous cell types, which activates several downstream signalling pathways involved in cell proliferation, migration and survival. EGFR alterations, such as overexpression or mutations, have been frequently observed in several cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM), and are associated to uncontrolled cell proliferation. Here we show that the inhibition of mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR) mediates EGFR delivery to lysosomes for degradation in GBM cells, independently of autophagy activation. Coherently with EGFR internalisation and degradation, mTOR blockade negatively affects the mitogen activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK)/ERK pathway. Furthermore, we provide evidence that Src kinase activation is required for EGFR internaliation upon mTOR inhibition. Our results further support the hypothesis that mTOR targeting may represent an effective therapeutic strategy in GBM management, as its inhibition results in EGFR degradation and in proliferative signal alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Colella
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86090 Pesche (IS), Italy; (B.C.); (M.C.); (G.I.); (M.S.)
| | - Mayra Colardo
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86090 Pesche (IS), Italy; (B.C.); (M.C.); (G.I.); (M.S.)
| | - Gianna Iannone
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86090 Pesche (IS), Italy; (B.C.); (M.C.); (G.I.); (M.S.)
| | - Claudia Contadini
- Department of Biology, University of RomeTor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (C.F.); (D.B.)
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a carattere Scientifico (IRCSS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Saiz-Ladera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Complutense University and Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.S.-L.); (G.V.)
| | - Claudia Fuoco
- Department of Biology, University of RomeTor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (C.F.); (D.B.)
| | - Daniela Barilà
- Department of Biology, University of RomeTor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (C.F.); (D.B.)
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a carattere Scientifico (IRCSS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Guillermo Velasco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Complutense University and Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.S.-L.); (G.V.)
| | - Marco Segatto
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86090 Pesche (IS), Italy; (B.C.); (M.C.); (G.I.); (M.S.)
| | - Sabrina Di Bartolomeo
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86090 Pesche (IS), Italy; (B.C.); (M.C.); (G.I.); (M.S.)
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692
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Cardiotoxic mechanisms of cancer immunotherapy - A systematic review. Int J Cardiol 2020; 323:179-187. [PMID: 32800915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is a success story of translational medicine that has led to improved survival in patients with different difficult-to-treat types of cancer, such as metastasized melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer or renal cell carcinoma. These novel therapeutic agents exert their antitumor effects by activating the patients' immune system against cancer cells. Immunotherapy can be divided into active agents, such as anti-tumour vaccines or adoptive T-cell transfer, and passive immunotherapies like monoclonal antibodies, checkpoint inhibitors, cytokine therapy, bispecific T-cell engagers. After initial experimental use, broad clinical application revealed a number of important cardiovascular side effects of immunotherapeutics, which limit treatment options and decrease patients' prognosis and quality of life. With the rising rate of new immunotherapeutics at a hand, the number of patients receiving cancer immunotherapy will constantly increase, resulting in improved long-term survival rates. This review aims to summarize available cancer immunotherapies, their mechanism of action, currently known cardiovascular toxicities and their treatment. Further optimization of patient care will depend on the combined efforts by oncologists, cardiologists and cardiac surgeons to identify patients at risk and the implementation of interdisciplinary screening and treatment strategies. It is therefore crucial to familiarize heart specialists with novel cancer therapeutics and their potential adverse effects.
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693
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Romano R, Bucci C. Role of EGFR in the Nervous System. Cells 2020; 9:E1887. [PMID: 32806510 PMCID: PMC7464966 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is the first discovered member of the receptor tyrosine kinase superfamily and plays a fundamental role during embryogenesis and in adult tissues, being involved in growth, differentiation, maintenance and repair of various tissues and organs. The role of EGFR in the regulation of tissue development and homeostasis has been thoroughly investigated and it has also been demonstrated that EGFR is a driver of tumorigenesis. In the nervous system, other growth factors, and thus other receptors, are important for growth, differentiation and repair of the tissue, namely neurotrophins and neurotrophins receptors. For this reason, for a long time, the role of EGFR in the nervous system has been underestimated and poorly investigated. However, EGFR is expressed both in the central and peripheral nervous systems and it has been demonstrated to have specific important neurotrophic functions, in particular in the central nervous system. This review discusses the role of EGFR in regulating differentiation and functions of neurons and neuroglia. Furthermore, its involvement in regeneration after injury and in the onset of neurodegenerative diseases is examined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cecilia Bucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
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694
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Kleiser S, Nyström A. Interplay between Cell-Surface Receptors and Extracellular Matrix in Skin. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1170. [PMID: 32796709 PMCID: PMC7465455 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin consists of the epidermis and dermis, which are connected by a specialized basement membrane-the epidermal basement membrane. Both the epidermal basement membrane and the underlying interstitial extracellular matrix (ECM) created by dermal fibroblasts contain distinct network-forming macromolecules. These matrices play various roles in order to maintain skin homeostasis and integrity. Within this complex interplay of cells and matrices, cell surface receptors play essential roles not only for inside-out and outside-in signaling, but also for establishing mechanical and biochemical properties of skin. Already minor modulations of this multifactorial cross-talk can lead to severe and systemic diseases. In this review, major epidermal and dermal cell surface receptors will be addressed with respect to their interactions with matrix components as well as their roles in fibrotic, inflammatory or tumorigenic skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Kleiser
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hauptstraße 7, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Nyström
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hauptstraße 7, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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695
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Mat Afandi MA, Maarof M, Chowdhury SR, Bt Hj Idrus R. Synergistic Effect of Laminin and Epidermal Growth Factor on Biological and Morphological Properties of Co-Cultured Myoblasts and Fibroblasts. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 17:835-845. [PMID: 32767029 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-020-00283-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the long-standing problems of myoblasts in vitro expansion is slow cell migration and this causes fibroblast population to exceed myoblasts. In this study, we investigated the synergistic effect of laminin and epidermal growth factor (EGF) on co-cultured myoblasts and fibroblasts for cell attachment, proliferation and migration. METHODS Skeletal human muscle cells were cultured in four different conditions; control, EGF, laminin (Lam) and laminin EGF (Lam + EGF). Using live imaging system, their cellular properties; attachment, migration and growth were exposed to Rho kinase inhibitor, Y-27632, and EGF-receptor (EGF-R) inhibitor, gefitinib were measured. RESULTS Myoblast migration and proliferation was enhanced significantly by synergistic stimulation of laminin and EGF (0.61 ± 0.14 µm/min, 0.008 ± 0.001 h-1) compare to that by EGF alone (0.26 ± 0.13 µm/min, 0.004 ± 0.0009 h-1). However, no changes in proliferation and migration were observed for fibroblasts among the culture conditions. Inhibition of Rho kinase resulted in the increase of the myoblast migration on the laminin-coated surface with EGF condition (0.64 ± 0.18 µm/min). Compared to the untreated conditions, myoblasts cultured on the laminin-coated surface and EGF demonstrated elongated morphology, and average cell length increase significantly. In contrast, inhibition of EGF-R resulted in the decrease of myoblast migration on the laminin coated surface with EGF supplemented condition (0.43 ± 0.05 µm/min) in comparison to the untreated control (0.53 ± 0.05 µm/min). CONCLUSION Laminin and EGF preferentially enhance the proliferation and migration of myoblasts, and Rho kinase and EGF-R play a role in this synergistic effect. These results will be beneficial for the propagation of skeletal muscle cells for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Asyraf Mat Afandi
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Manira Maarof
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S R Chowdhury
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ruszymah Bt Hj Idrus
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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696
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Yan M, Chen J, Jiang H, Xie Y, Li C, Chen L, Yang B, Cao J. Effective inhibition of cancer cells by recombinant adenovirus expressing EGFR-targeting artificial microRNA and reversed-caspase-3. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237098. [PMID: 32745124 PMCID: PMC7398494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The EGFR-targeting cancer therapies are commonly facing drug resistance, mostly due to mutations. Gene therapy with artificial microRNA targeting EGFR conserved sequence may avoid such problem. In this study, we constructed a recombinant adenovirus expressing EGFR-targeting artificial microRNA and active revCASP3 (Ad-EC), under the control of tumor-specific SLPI promoter, and evaluated its inhibitory effect on HEP-2 cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. MTT assay showed that cell growth inhibition rate at 72h was 44.0% in Ad-EC group at MOI 50, while the rate was 7.7% in the control virus Ad-GFP group and 3.6% in Cetuximab (500 μg/ml) group respectively. Flow cytometry analysis revealed the late apoptotic cells rate was 36.1% in Ad-EC group, significantly higher than 6.5% of Ad-GFP group (p < 0.001). When Ad-EC (MOI 50) was combined with CDDP (0.25 μg/ml), late apoptotic cells rate increased to 61.2%, significantly higher than each monotherapy group (P < 0.001). The real-time xCELLigence system recorded an effective cell growth inhibition in Ad-EC and CDDP groups, and more enhanced effect in Ad-EC plus CDDP group. Western blot revealed that Ad-EC could inhibit the activation of AKT pathway and ERK1/2 pathway, while Cetuximab had the AKT pathway over-activated. In vivo experiments with HEP-2 xenograft in nude mice confirmed the tumor inhibition in Ad-EC, CDDP and Ad-EC plus CDDP groups compared with PBS group (P < 0.01). Collectively, these data support the effective inhibition of cancer cells by this novel gene therapy strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoxiao Yan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuqiong Xie
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunchun Li
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihong Chen
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Beibei Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (JC); (BY)
| | - Jiang Cao
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (JC); (BY)
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697
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Pillay P, Moodley K, Vatish M, Moodley J. Exosomal MicroRNAs in Pregnancy Provides Insight into a Possible Cure for Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155384. [PMID: 32751127 PMCID: PMC7432616 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological links between cancer and pregnancy are of recent interest due to parallel proliferative, immunosuppressive and invasive mechanisms between tumour and trophoblast development. Therefore, understanding “cancer-like” mechanisms in pregnancy could lead to the development of novel cancer therapeutics, however, little is understood on how tumour and trophoblast cells recapitulate similar molecular mechanisms. Based on our observations from a previous study, it was not only evident that exosomal miRNAs are involved in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia but also contained cancer-specific miRNAs, which suggested that “pseudo-malignant-like” exosomal-mediated mechanisms exist in pregnancy. The presented study therefore aimed to identify exosomal miRNAs (exomiR) in pregnancy which can be repurposed towards preventing tumour metastasis and immunosuppression. It was identified that exomiR-302d-3p, exomiR-223-3p and exomiR-451a, commonly associated with cancer metastasis, were found to be highly expressed in pregnancy. Furthermore, computational merging and meta-analytical pathway analysis (DIANA miRPath) of significantly expressed exomiRs between 38 ± 1.9 vs. 30 ± 1.11 weeks of gestation indicated controlled regulation of biological pathways associated with cancer metastasis and immunosuppression. Therefore, the observations made in this study provide the experimental framework for the repurposing of exosomal miRNA molecular mechanisms in pregnancy towards treating and preventing cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preenan Pillay
- Pearson Institute of Higher Education, Faculty of Applied Science, Johannesburg 2153, South Africa
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, Women’s Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford 38655, UK;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +27-83-4402-486
| | - Kogi Moodley
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa;
| | - Manu Vatish
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, Women’s Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford 38655, UK;
| | - Jagidesa Moodley
- Women’s Health and HIV Research Group, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa;
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698
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The Role of miR-375-3p and miR-200b-3p in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145151. [PMID: 32708220 PMCID: PMC7404198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulated microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles and their contribution to carcinogenesis have been observed in virtually all types of human cancer. However, their role in the pathogenesis of rare mesenchymal gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) is not well defined, yet. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of two miRNAs strongly downregulated in GIST—miR-375-3p and miR-200b-3p—in the pathogenesis of GIST. To achieve this, miRNA mimics were transfected into GIST-T1 cells and changes in the potential target gene mRNA and protein expression, as well as alterations in cell viability, migration, apoptotic cell counts and direct miRNA–target interaction, were evaluated. Results revealed that overexpression of miR-375-3p downregulated the expression of KIT mRNA and protein by direct binding to KIT 3′UTR, reduced GIST cell viability and migration rates. MiR-200b-3p lowered expression of ETV1 protein, directly targeted and lowered expression of EGFR mRNA and protein, and negatively affected cell migration rates. To conclude, the present study identified that miR-375-3p and miR-200b-3p have a tumor-suppressive role in GIST.
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699
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Rimmer LJ, Moughal S, Bashir M. Immunological therapeutics in acute aortic syndrome. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2020; 28:512-519. [PMID: 32674584 DOI: 10.1177/0218492320943350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acute aortic syndrome is a group of interlinked conditions with common presenting symptoms, including aortic dissection, penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer, and intramural hematoma. Pharmacological management of acute aortic syndrome is a growing area, with key themes to address the underlying inflammatory pathways believed to be the cause. Research into interleukins, matrix metalloproteinases, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor are just some of the many immunological properties being investigated and translated into medical therapies. Stem cell experiments may indicate further advances in the pathologies of acute aortic syndrome. The study of pharmacogenomics to improve treatment across different genomes is also a novel area outlined in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Jane Rimmer
- Vascular Surgery Department, 155510Royal Blackburn Teaching Hospital, Blackburn, UK
| | - Saad Moughal
- Vascular Surgery Department, 155510Royal Blackburn Teaching Hospital, Blackburn, UK
| | - Mohamad Bashir
- Vascular Surgery Department, 155510Royal Blackburn Teaching Hospital, Blackburn, UK
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700
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Wechman SL, Emdad L, Sarkar D, Das SK, Fisher PB. Vascular mimicry: Triggers, molecular interactions and in vivo models. Adv Cancer Res 2020; 148:27-67. [PMID: 32723566 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vascular mimicry is induced by a wide array of genes with functions related to cancer stemness, hypoxia, angiogenesis and autophagy. Vascular mimicry competent (VM-competent) cells that form de novo blood vessels are common in solid tumors facilitating tumor cell survival and metastasis. VM-competent cells display increased levels of vascular mimicry selecting for stem-like cells in an O2-gradient-dependent manner in deeply hypoxic tumor regions, while also aiding in maintaining tumor cell metabolism and stemness. Three of the principal drivers of vascular mimicry are EphA2, Nodal and HIF-1α, however, directly or indirectly many of these molecules affect VE-Cadherin (VE-Cad), which forms gap-junctions to bind angiogenic blood vessels together. During vascular mimicry, the endothelial-like functions of VM-competent cancer stem cells co-opt VE-Cad to bind cancer cells together to create cancer cell-derived blood conducting vessels. This process potentially compensates for the lack of access to blood and nutrient in avascular tumors, simultaneously providing nutrients and enhancing cancer invasion and metastasis. Current evidence also supports that vascular mimicry promotes cancer malignancy and metastasis due to the cooperation of oncogenic signaling molecules driving cancer stemness and autophagy. While a number of currently used cancer therapeutics are effective inhibitors of vascular mimicry, developing a new class of vascular mimicry specific inhibitors could allow for the treatment of angiogenesis-resistant tumors, inhibit cancer metastasis and improve patient survival. In this review, we describe the principal vascular mimicry pathways in addition to emphasizing the roles of hypoxia, autophagy and select proangiogenic oncogenes in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen L Wechman
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Luni Emdad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Swadesh K Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.
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