751
|
The PD-1/PD-L1 axis contributes to immune metabolic dysfunctions of monocytes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia 2016; 31:470-478. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
752
|
C13orf31 (FAMIN) is a central regulator of immunometabolic function. Nat Immunol 2016; 17:1046-56. [PMID: 27478939 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Single-nucleotide variations in C13orf31 (LACC1) that encode p.C284R and p.I254V in a protein of unknown function (called 'FAMIN' here) are associated with increased risk for systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, leprosy and Crohn's disease. Here we set out to identify the biological mechanism affected by these coding variations. FAMIN formed a complex with fatty acid synthase (FASN) on peroxisomes and promoted flux through de novo lipogenesis to concomitantly drive high levels of fatty-acid oxidation (FAO) and glycolysis and, consequently, ATP regeneration. FAMIN-dependent FAO controlled inflammasome activation, mitochondrial and NADPH-oxidase-dependent production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the bactericidal activity of macrophages. As p.I254V and p.C284R resulted in diminished function and loss of function, respectively, FAMIN determined resilience to endotoxin shock. Thus, we have identified a central regulator of the metabolic function and bioenergetic state of macrophages that is under evolutionary selection and determines the risk of inflammatory and infectious disease.
Collapse
|
753
|
Koch RE, Josefson CC, Hill GE. Mitochondrial function, ornamentation, and immunocompetence. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2016; 92:1459-1474. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E. Koch
- Department of Biological Sciences; Auburn University; Auburn AL 36849 U.S.A
| | - Chloe C. Josefson
- Department of Biological Sciences; Auburn University; Auburn AL 36849 U.S.A
| | - Geoffrey E. Hill
- Department of Biological Sciences; Auburn University; Auburn AL 36849 U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
754
|
Wilhelm C, Harrison OJ, Schmitt V, Pelletier M, Spencer SP, Urban JF, Ploch M, Ramalingam TR, Siegel RM, Belkaid Y. Critical role of fatty acid metabolism in ILC2-mediated barrier protection during malnutrition and helminth infection. J Exp Med 2016; 213:1409-18. [PMID: 27432938 PMCID: PMC4986525 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20151448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Belkaid et al. show that type 2 innate lymphoid cells rely predominately on fatty acid metabolism during helminth infection and malnutrition. Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) play an important role in many immune processes, including control of infections, inflammation, and tissue repair. To date, little is known about the metabolism of ILC and whether these cells can metabolically adapt in response to environmental signals. Here we show that type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), important mediators of barrier immunity, predominantly depend on fatty acid (FA) metabolism during helminth infection. Further, in situations where an essential nutrient, such as vitamin A, is limited, ILC2 sustain their function and selectively maintain interleukin 13 (IL-13) production via increased acquisition and utilization of FA. Together, these results reveal that ILC2 preferentially use FAs to maintain their function in the context of helminth infection or malnutrition and propose that enhanced FA usage and FA-dependent IL-13 production by ILC2 could represent a host adaptation to maintain barrier immunity under dietary restriction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Wilhelm
- Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver J Harrison
- Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Vanessa Schmitt
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Pelletier
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Sean P Spencer
- Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Joseph F Urban
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Michelle Ploch
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Thirumalai R Ramalingam
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Richard M Siegel
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Yasmine Belkaid
- Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| |
Collapse
|
755
|
Lampropoulou V, Sergushichev A, Bambouskova M, Nair S, Vincent EE, Loginicheva E, Cervantes-Barragan L, Ma X, Huang SCC, Griss T, Weinheimer CJ, Khader S, Randolph GJ, Pearce EJ, Jones RG, Diwan A, Diamond MS, Artyomov MN. Itaconate Links Inhibition of Succinate Dehydrogenase with Macrophage Metabolic Remodeling and Regulation of Inflammation. Cell Metab 2016; 24:158-66. [PMID: 27374498 PMCID: PMC5108454 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 897] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Remodeling of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is a metabolic adaptation accompanying inflammatory macrophage activation. During this process, endogenous metabolites can adopt regulatory roles that govern specific aspects of inflammatory response, as recently shown for succinate, which regulates the pro-inflammatory IL-1β-HIF-1α axis. Itaconate is one of the most highly induced metabolites in activated macrophages, yet its functional significance remains unknown. Here, we show that itaconate modulates macrophage metabolism and effector functions by inhibiting succinate dehydrogenase-mediated oxidation of succinate. Through this action, itaconate exerts anti-inflammatory effects when administered in vitro and in vivo during macrophage activation and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Using newly generated Irg1(-/-) mice, which lack the ability to produce itaconate, we show that endogenous itaconate regulates succinate levels and function, mitochondrial respiration, and inflammatory cytokine production during macrophage activation. These studies highlight itaconate as a major physiological regulator of the global metabolic rewiring and effector functions of inflammatory macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Lampropoulou
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Alexey Sergushichev
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Computer Technologies Department, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Monika Bambouskova
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sharmila Nair
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Emma E Vincent
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; and Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Ekaterina Loginicheva
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Luisa Cervantes-Barragan
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xiucui Ma
- Center for Cardiovascular Research in Department of Medicine, and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA; and John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Stanley Ching-Cheng Huang
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Takla Griss
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; and Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Carla J Weinheimer
- Division of Cardiology and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; and John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Shabaana Khader
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Gwendalyn J Randolph
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Edward J Pearce
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, and Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany
| | - Russell G Jones
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; and Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Abhinav Diwan
- Center for Cardiovascular Research in Department of Medicine, and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA; and John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Maxim N Artyomov
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
756
|
Nomura M, Liu J, Rovira II, Gonzalez-Hurtado E, Lee J, Wolfgang MJ, Finkel T. Fatty acid oxidation in macrophage polarization. Nat Immunol 2016; 17:216-7. [PMID: 26882249 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsunori Nomura
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jie Liu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ilsa I Rovira
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elsie Gonzalez-Hurtado
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jieun Lee
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael J Wolfgang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Toren Finkel
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
757
|
Mitochondrial respiratory-chain adaptations in macrophages contribute to antibacterial host defense. Nat Immunol 2016; 17:1037-1045. [PMID: 27348412 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages tightly scale their core metabolism after being activated, but the precise regulation of the mitochondrial electron-transport chain (ETC) and its functional implications are currently unknown. Here we found that recognition of live bacteria by macrophages transiently decreased assembly of the ETC complex I (CI) and CI-containing super-complexes and switched the relative contributions of CI and CII to mitochondrial respiration. This was mediated by phagosomal NADPH oxidase and the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent tyrosine kinase Fgr. It required Toll-like receptor signaling and the NLRP3 inflammasome, which were both connected to bacterial viability-specific immune responses. Inhibition of CII during infection with Escherichia coli normalized serum concentrations of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and IL-10 to those in mice treated with dead bacteria and impaired control of bacteria. We have thus identified ETC adaptations as an early immunological-metabolic checkpoint that adjusts innate immune responses to bacterial infection.
Collapse
|
758
|
Takase N, Koma YI, Urakawa N, Nishio M, Arai N, Akiyama H, Shigeoka M, Kakeji Y, Yokozaki H. NCAM- and FGF-2-mediated FGFR1 signaling in the tumor microenvironment of esophageal cancer regulates the survival and migration of tumor-associated macrophages and cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2016; 380:47-58. [PMID: 27317650 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have important roles in the angiogenesis and tumor immunosuppression of various cancers, including esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs). To elucidate the roles of TAMs in ESCCs, we compared the gene expression profiles between human peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophage-like cells (Macrophage_Ls) and Macrophage_Ls stimulated with conditioned medium of the TE series human ESCC cell line (TECM) (TAM_Ls) using cDNA microarray analysis. Among the highly expressed genes in TAM_Ls, we focused on neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM). NCAM knockdown in TAM_Ls revealed a significant decrease of migration and survival via a suppression of PI3K-Akt and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) signaling. Stimulation by TECM up-regulated the level of FGFR1 in Macrophage_Ls. Recombinant human fibroblast growth factor-2 (rhFGF-2) promoted the migration and survival of TAM_Ls and TE-cells through FGFR1 signaling. Our immunohistochemical analysis of 70 surgically resected ESCC samples revealed that the up-regulated FGF-2 in stromal cells, including macrophages, was associated with more aggressive phenotypes and a high number of infiltrating M2 macrophages. These findings may indicate a novel role of NCAM- and FGF-2-mediated FGFR1 signaling in the tumor microenvironment of ESCCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhisa Takase
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; Division of Gastro-intestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yu-Ichiro Koma
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Naoki Urakawa
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; Division of Gastro-intestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Mari Nishio
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Noriaki Arai
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Akiyama
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Manabu Shigeoka
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kakeji
- Division of Gastro-intestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yokozaki
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
759
|
Buck MD, O'Sullivan D, Klein Geltink RI, Curtis JD, Chang CH, Sanin DE, Qiu J, Kretz O, Braas D, van der Windt GJW, Chen Q, Huang SCC, O'Neill CM, Edelson BT, Pearce EJ, Sesaki H, Huber TB, Rambold AS, Pearce EL. Mitochondrial Dynamics Controls T Cell Fate through Metabolic Programming. Cell 2016; 166:63-76. [PMID: 27293185 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 956] [Impact Index Per Article: 119.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Activated effector T (TE) cells augment anabolic pathways of metabolism, such as aerobic glycolysis, while memory T (TM) cells engage catabolic pathways, like fatty acid oxidation (FAO). However, signals that drive these differences remain unclear. Mitochondria are metabolic organelles that actively transform their ultrastructure. Therefore, we questioned whether mitochondrial dynamics controls T cell metabolism. We show that TE cells have punctate mitochondria, while TM cells maintain fused networks. The fusion protein Opa1 is required for TM, but not TE cells after infection, and enforcing fusion in TE cells imposes TM cell characteristics and enhances antitumor function. Our data suggest that, by altering cristae morphology, fusion in TM cells configures electron transport chain (ETC) complex associations favoring oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and FAO, while fission in TE cells leads to cristae expansion, reducing ETC efficiency and promoting aerobic glycolysis. Thus, mitochondrial remodeling is a signaling mechanism that instructs T cell metabolic programming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Buck
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David O'Sullivan
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ramon I Klein Geltink
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan D Curtis
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Chih-Hao Chang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David E Sanin
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jing Qiu
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Oliver Kretz
- Renal Division, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neuroanatomy, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Braas
- University of California Los Angeles Metabolomics Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - Qiongyu Chen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Stanley Ching-Cheng Huang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Christina M O'Neill
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Brian T Edelson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Edward J Pearce
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hiromi Sesaki
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Tobias B Huber
- Renal Division, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Angelika S Rambold
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg and University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Department of Developmental Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Erika L Pearce
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
760
|
Lassen KG, McKenzie CI, Mari M, Murano T, Begun J, Baxt LA, Goel G, Villablanca EJ, Kuo SY, Huang H, Macia L, Bhan AK, Batten M, Daly MJ, Reggiori F, Mackay CR, Xavier RJ. Genetic Coding Variant in GPR65 Alters Lysosomal pH and Links Lysosomal Dysfunction with Colitis Risk. Immunity 2016; 44:1392-405. [PMID: 27287411 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Although numerous polymorphisms have been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), identifying the function of these genetic factors has proved challenging. Here we identified a role for nine genes in IBD susceptibility loci in antibacterial autophagy and characterized a role for one of these genes, GPR65, in maintaining lysosome function. Mice lacking Gpr65, a proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptor, showed increased susceptibly to bacteria-induced colitis. Epithelial cells and macrophages lacking GPR65 exhibited impaired clearance of intracellular bacteria and accumulation of aberrant lysosomes. Similarly, IBD patient cells and epithelial cells expressing an IBD-associated missense variant, GPR65 I231L, displayed aberrant lysosomal pH resulting in lysosomal dysfunction, impaired bacterial restriction, and altered lipid droplet formation. The GPR65 I231L polymorphism was sufficient to confer decreased GPR65 signaling. Collectively, these data establish a role for GPR65 in IBD susceptibility and identify lysosomal dysfunction as a potentially causative element in IBD pathogenesis with effects on cellular homeostasis and defense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kara G Lassen
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Craig I McKenzie
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Muriel Mari
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 3713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3564 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tatsuro Murano
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jakob Begun
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Mater Research Institute and School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
| | - Leigh A Baxt
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Gautam Goel
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Eduardo J Villablanca
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Szu-Yu Kuo
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Hailiang Huang
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Laurence Macia
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Atul K Bhan
- Pathology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Marcel Batten
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Mark J Daly
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Fulvio Reggiori
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 3713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3564 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Charles R Mackay
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
761
|
Nieves W, Hung LY, Oniskey TK, Boon L, Foretz M, Viollet B, Herbert DR. Myeloid-Restricted AMPKα1 Promotes Host Immunity and Protects against IL-12/23p40-Dependent Lung Injury during Hookworm Infection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2016; 196:4632-40. [PMID: 27183598 PMCID: PMC4875814 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
How the metabolic demand of parasitism affects immune-mediated resistance is poorly understood. Immunity against parasitic helminths requires M2 cells and IL-13, secreted by CD4(+) Th2 and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), but whether certain metabolic enzymes control disease outcome has not been addressed. This study demonstrates that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key driver of cellular energy, regulates type 2 immunity and restricts lung injury following hookworm infection. Mice with a selective deficiency in the AMPK catalytic α1 subunit in alveolar macrophages and conventional dendritic cells produced less IL-13 and CCL17 and had impaired expansion of ILC2 in damaged lung tissue compared with wild-type controls. Defective type 2 responses were marked by increased intestinal worm burdens, exacerbated lung injury, and increased production of IL-12/23p40, which, when neutralized, restored IL-13 production and improved lung recovery. Taken together, these data indicate that defective AMPK activity in myeloid cells negatively impacts type 2 responses through increased IL-12/23p40 production. These data support an emerging concept that myeloid cells and ILC2 can coordinately regulate tissue damage at mucosal sites through mechanisms dependent on metabolic enzyme function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wildaliz Nieves
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110
| | - Li-Yin Hung
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110
| | - Taylor K Oniskey
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110
| | - Louis Boon
- EPIRUS Biopharmaceuticals Netherlands BV, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Foretz
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherché Médicale U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France; and Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Benoit Viollet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherché Médicale U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France; and Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - De'Broski R Herbert
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110;
| |
Collapse
|
762
|
Assmann N, Finlay DK. Metabolic regulation of immune responses: therapeutic opportunities. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:2031-9. [PMID: 27249676 DOI: 10.1172/jci83005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cell metabolism is dynamically regulated in parallel with the substantial changes in cellular function that accompany immune cell activation. While these changes in metabolism are important for facilitating the increased energetic and biosynthetic demands of activated cells, immune cell metabolism also has direct roles in controlling the functions of immune cells and shaping the immune response. A theme is emerging wherein nutrients, metabolic enzymes, and metabolites can act as an extension of the established immune signal transduction pathways, thereby adding an extra layer of complexity to the regulation of immunity. This Review will outline the metabolic configurations adopted by different immune cell subsets, describe the emerging roles for metabolic enzymes and metabolites in the control of immune cell function, and discuss the therapeutic implications of this emerging immune regulatory axis.
Collapse
|
763
|
Moreno-Indias I, Oliva-Olivera W, Omiste A, Castellano-Castillo D, Lhamyani S, Camargo A, Tinahones FJ. Adipose tissue infiltration in normal-weight subjects and its impact on metabolic function. Transl Res 2016; 172:6-17.e3. [PMID: 26829067 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Discordant phenotypes, metabolically healthy obese and unhealthy normal-weight individuals, are always interesting to provide important insights into the mechanistic link between adipose tissue dysfunction and associated metabolic alterations. Macrophages can release factors that impair the proper activity of the adipose tissue. Thus, studying subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues, we investigated for the first time the differences in monocyte/macrophage infiltration, inflammation, and adipogenesis of normal-weight subjects who differed in their degree of metabolic syndrome. The study included 92 normal-weight subjects who differed in their degree of metabolic syndrome. Their anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured. RNA from subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues was isolated, and mRNA expression of monocyte/macrophage infiltration (CD68, CD33, ITGAM, CD163, EMR-1, CD206, MerTK, CD64, ITGAX), inflammation (IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNFα], IL-10, IL-1b, CCL2, CCL3), and adipogenic and lipogenic capacity markers (PPARgamma, FABP4) were measured. Taken together, our data provide evidence of a different degree of macrophage infiltration between the adipose tissues, with a higher monocyte/macrophage infiltration in subcutaneous adipose tissue in metabolically unhealthy normal-weight subjects, whereas visceral adipose tissue remained almost unaffected. An increased macrophage infiltration of adipose tissue and its consequences, such as a decrease in adipogenesis function, may explain why both the obese and normal-weight subjects can develop metabolic diseases or remain healthy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Moreno-Indias
- Unidad de Gestion Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Laboratorio del Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario de Málaga (Virgen de la Victoria), Malaga, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Wilfredo Oliva-Olivera
- Unidad de Gestion Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Laboratorio del Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario de Málaga (Virgen de la Victoria), Malaga, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Omiste
- Unidad de Gestion Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Laboratorio del Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario de Málaga (Virgen de la Victoria), Malaga, Spain
| | - Daniel Castellano-Castillo
- Unidad de Gestion Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Laboratorio del Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario de Málaga (Virgen de la Victoria), Malaga, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Said Lhamyani
- Unidad de Gestion Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Laboratorio del Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario de Málaga (Virgen de la Victoria), Malaga, Spain
| | - Antonio Camargo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain; Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- Unidad de Gestion Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Laboratorio del Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario de Málaga (Virgen de la Victoria), Malaga, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
764
|
Nair MG, Herbert DR. Immune polarization by hookworms: taking cues from T helper type 2, type 2 innate lymphoid cells and alternatively activated macrophages. Immunology 2016; 148:115-24. [PMID: 26928141 PMCID: PMC4863575 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular and molecular investigation of parasitic helminth infections has greatly accelerated the understanding of type 2 immune responses. However, there remains considerable debate regarding the specific leucocytes that kill parasites and whether these mechanisms are distinct from those responsible for tissue repair. Herein, we chronicle discoveries over the past decade highlighting current paradigms in type 2 immunity with a particular emphasis upon how CD4(+) T helper type 2 cells, type 2 innate lymphoid cells and alternatively activated macrophages coordinately control helminth-induced parasitism. Primarily, this review will draw from studies of the murine nematode parasite Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, which bears important similarities to the human hookworms Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus. Given that one or more hookworm species currently infect millions of individuals across the globe, we propose that vaccine and/or pharmaceutical-based cure strategies targeting these affected human populations should incorporate the conceptual advances outlined herein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meera G Nair
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - De'Broski R Herbert
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
765
|
Schober A, Weber C. Mechanisms of MicroRNAs in Atherosclerosis. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2016; 11:583-616. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-012615-044135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schober
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich 80336, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich 80336, Germany;
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich 80336, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich 80336, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
766
|
Schleicher U, Paduch K, Debus A, Obermeyer S, König T, Kling JC, Ribechini E, Dudziak D, Mougiakakos D, Murray PJ, Ostuni R, Körner H, Bogdan C. TNF-Mediated Restriction of Arginase 1 Expression in Myeloid Cells Triggers Type 2 NO Synthase Activity at the Site of Infection. Cell Rep 2016; 15:1062-1075. [PMID: 27117406 PMCID: PMC5065922 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutralization or deletion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) causes loss of control of intracellular pathogens in mice and humans, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here, we found that TNF antagonized alternative activation of macrophages and dendritic cells by IL-4. TNF inhibited IL-4-induced arginase 1 (Arg1) expression by decreasing histone acetylation, without affecting STAT6 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. In Leishmania major-infected C57BL/6 wild-type mice, type 2 nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS2) was detected in inflammatory dendritic cells or macrophages, some of which co-expressed Arg1. In TNF-deficient mice, Arg1 was hyperexpressed, causing an impaired production of NO in situ. A similar phenotype was seen in L. major-infected BALB/c mice. Arg1 deletion in hematopoietic cells protected these mice from an otherwise lethal disease, although their disease-mediating T cell response (Th2, Treg) was maintained. Thus, deletion or TNF-mediated restriction of Arg1 unleashes the production of NO by NOS2, which is critical for pathogen control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Schleicher
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katrin Paduch
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrea Debus
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Obermeyer
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Till König
- Abteilung Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jessica C. Kling
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - Eliana Ribechini
- Institute of Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Laboratory of DC Biology, Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Mougiakakos
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology and Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Peter J. Murray
- Departments of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
| | - Renato Ostuni
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Heinrich Körner
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - Christian Bogdan
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
767
|
Porta C, Riboldi E, Ippolito A, Sica A. Molecular and epigenetic basis of macrophage polarized activation. Semin Immunol 2016; 27:237-48. [PMID: 26561250 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are unique cells for origin, heterogeneity and plasticity. At steady state most of macrophages are derived from fetal sources and maintained in adulthood through self-renewing. Despite sharing common progenitors, a remarkable heterogeneity characterized tissue-resident macrophages indicating that local signals educate them to express organ-specific functions. Macrophages are extremely plastic: chromatin landscape and transcriptional programs can be dynamically re-shaped in response to microenvironmental changes. Owing to their ductility, macrophages are crucial orchestrators of both initiation and resolution of immune responses and key supporters of tissue development and functions in homeostatic and pathological conditions. Herein, we describe current understanding of heterogeneity and plasticity of macrophages using the M1-M2 dichotomy as operationally useful simplification of polarized activation. We focused on the complex network of signaling cascades, metabolic pathways, transcription factors, and epigenetic changes that control macrophage activation. In particular, this network was addressed in sepsis, as a paradigm of a pathological condition determining dynamic macrophage reprogramming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Porta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", via Bovio 6, Novara, Italy.
| | - Elena Riboldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", via Bovio 6, Novara, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Ippolito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", via Bovio 6, Novara, Italy.
| | - Antonio Sica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", via Bovio 6, Novara, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
768
|
Metabolic reprogramming through fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1) regulates macrophage inflammatory potential and adipose inflammation. Mol Metab 2016; 5:506-526. [PMID: 27408776 PMCID: PMC4921943 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective A novel approach to regulate obesity-associated adipose inflammation may be through metabolic reprogramming of macrophages (MΦs). Broadly speaking, MΦs dependent on glucose are pro-inflammatory, classically activated MΦs (CAM), which contribute to adipose inflammation and insulin resistance. In contrast, MΦs that primarily metabolize fatty acids are alternatively activated MΦs (AAM) and maintain tissue insulin sensitivity. In actuality, there is much flexibility and overlap in the CAM-AAM spectrum in vivo dependent upon various stimuli in the microenvironment. We hypothesized that specific lipid trafficking proteins, e.g. fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1), would direct MΦ fatty acid transport and metabolism to limit inflammation and contribute to the maintenance of adipose tissue homeostasis. Methods Bone marrow derived MΦs (BMDMs) from Fatp1−/− and Fatp1+/+ mice were used to investigate FATP1-dependent substrate metabolism, bioenergetics, metabolomics, and inflammatory responses. We also generated C57BL/6J chimeric mice by bone marrow transplant specifically lacking hematopoetic FATP1 (Fatp1B−/−) and controls Fatp1B+/+. Mice were challenged by high fat diet (HFD) or low fat diet (LFD) and analyses including MRI, glucose and insulin tolerance tests, flow cytometric, histologic, and protein quantification assays were conducted. Finally, an FATP1-overexpressing RAW 264.7 MΦ cell line (FATP1-OE) and empty vector control (FATP1-EV) were developed as a gain of function model to test effects on substrate metabolism, bioenergetics, metabolomics, and inflammatory responses. Results Fatp1 is downregulated with pro-inflammatory stimulation of MΦs. Fatp1−/− BMDMs and FATP1-OE RAW 264.7 MΦs demonstrated that FATP1 reciprocally controled metabolic flexibility, i.e. lipid and glucose metabolism, which was associated with inflammatory response. Supporting our previous work demonstrating the positive relationship between glucose metabolism and inflammation, loss of FATP1 enhanced glucose metabolism and exaggerated the pro-inflammatory CAM phenotype. Fatp1B−/− chimeras fed a HFD gained more epididymal white adipose mass, which was inflamed and oxidatively stressed, compared to HFD-fed Fatp1B+/+ controls. Adipose tissue macrophages displayed a CAM-like phenotype in the absence of Fatp1. Conversely, functional overexpression of FATP1 decreased many aspects of glucose metabolism and diminished CAM-stimulated inflammation in vitro. FATP1 displayed acyl-CoA synthetase activity for long chain fatty acids in MΦs and modulated lipid mediator metabolism in MΦs. Conclusion Our findings provide evidence that FATP1 is a novel regulator of MΦ activation through control of substrate metabolism. Absence of FATP1 exacerbated pro-inflammatory activation in vitro and increased local and systemic components of the metabolic syndrome in HFD-fed Fatp1B−/− mice. In contrast, gain of FATP1 activity in MΦs suggested that Fatp1-mediated activation of fatty acids, substrate switch to glucose, oxidative stress, and lipid mediator synthesis are potential mechanisms. We demonstrate for the first time that FATP1 provides a unique mechanism by which the inflammatory tone of adipose and systemic metabolism may be regulated. FATP1-mediated activation of fatty acids is a novel approach to limit inflammation. Fatp1 deficiency primed macrophages for pro-inflammatory activation. Lack of Fatp1 led to greater HFD-induced adipose inflammation. Fatp1−/− adipose tissue macrophages were classically activated.
Collapse
|
769
|
The Reactive Oxygen Species in Macrophage Polarization: Reflecting Its Dual Role in Progression and Treatment of Human Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:2795090. [PMID: 27143992 PMCID: PMC4837277 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2795090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
High heterogeneity of macrophage is associated with its functions in polarization to different functional phenotypes depending on environmental cues. Macrophages remain in balanced state in healthy subject and thus macrophage polarization may be crucial in determining the tissue fate. The two distinct populations, classically M1 and alternatively M2 activated, representing the opposing ends of the full activation spectrum, have been extensively studied for their associations with several disease progressions. Accumulating evidences have postulated that the redox signalling has implication in macrophage polarization and the key roles of M1 and M2 macrophages in tissue environment have provided the clue for the reasons of ROS abundance in certain phenotype. M1 macrophages majorly clearing the pathogens and ROS may be crucial for the regulation of M1 phenotype, whereas M2 macrophages resolve inflammation which favours oxidative metabolism. Therefore how ROS play its role in maintaining the homeostatic functions of macrophage and in particular macrophage polarization will be reviewed here. We also review the biology of macrophage polarization and the disturbance of M1/M2 balance in human diseases. The potential therapeutic opportunities targeting ROS will also be discussed, hoping to provide insights for development of target-specific delivery system or immunomodulatory antioxidant for the treatment of ROS-related diseases.
Collapse
|
770
|
Haka AS, Barbosa-Lorenzi VC, Lee HJ, Falcone DJ, Hudis CA, Dannenberg AJ, Maxfield FR. Exocytosis of macrophage lysosomes leads to digestion of apoptotic adipocytes and foam cell formation. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:980-92. [PMID: 27044658 PMCID: PMC4878183 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m064089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many types of apoptotic cells are phagocytosed and digested by macrophages. Adipocytes can be hundreds of times larger than macrophages, so they are too large to be digested by conventional phagocytic processes. The nature of the interaction between macrophages and apoptotic adipocytes has not been studied in detail. We describe a cellular process, termed exophagy, that is important for macrophage clearance of dead adipocytes and adipose tissue homeostasis. Using mouse models of obesity, human tissue, and a cell culture model, we show that macrophages form hydrolytic extracellular compartments at points of contact with dead adipocytes using local actin polymerization. These compartments are acidic and contain lysosomal enzymes delivered by exocytosis. Uptake and complete degradation of adipocyte fragments, which are released by extracellular hydrolysis, leads to macrophage foam cell formation. Exophagy-mediated foam cell formation is a highly efficient means by which macrophages internalize large amounts of lipid, which may ultimately overwhelm the metabolic capacity of the macrophage. This process provides a mechanism for degradation of objects, such as dead adipocytes, that are too large to be phagocytosed by macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail S Haka
- Departments of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | | | - Hyuek Jong Lee
- Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Domenick J Falcone
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Clifford A Hudis
- Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065 Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
771
|
Kan B, Razzaghian HR, Lavoie PM. An Immunological Perspective on Neonatal Sepsis. Trends Mol Med 2016; 22:290-302. [PMID: 26993220 PMCID: PMC5104533 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite concerted international efforts, mortality from neonatal infections remains unacceptably high in some areas of the world, particularly for premature infants. Recent developments in flow cytometry and next-generation sequencing technologies have led to major discoveries over the past few years, providing a more integrated understanding of the developing human immune system in the context of its microbial environment. We review these recent findings, focusing on how in human newborns incomplete maturation of the immune system before a full term of gestation impacts on their vulnerability to infection. We also discuss some of the clinical implications of this research in guiding the design of more-accurate age-adapted diagnostic and preventive strategies for neonatal sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Kan
- Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Experimental Medicine Program, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hamid Reza Razzaghian
- Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Experimental Medicine Program, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Pascal M Lavoie
- Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Experimental Medicine Program, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
772
|
Abumrad NA, Goldberg IJ. CD36 actions in the heart: Lipids, calcium, inflammation, repair and more? Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1442-9. [PMID: 27004753 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
CD36 is a multifunctional immuno-metabolic receptor with many ligands. One of its physiological functions in the heart is the high-affinity uptake of long-chain fatty acids (FAs) from albumin and triglyceride rich lipoproteins. CD36 deletion markedly reduces myocardial FA uptake in rodents and humans. The protein is expressed on endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes and at both sites is likely to contribute to FA uptake by the myocardium. CD36 also transduces intracellular signaling events that influence how the FA is utilized and mediate metabolic effects of FA in the heart. CD36 transduced signaling regulates AMPK activation in a way that adjusts oxidation to FA uptake. It also impacts remodeling of myocardial phospholipids and eicosanoid production, effects exerted via influencing intracellular calcium (iCa(2+)) and the activation of phospholipases. Under excessive FA supply CD36 contributes to lipid accumulation, inflammation and dysfunction. However, it is also important for myocardial repair after injury via its contribution to immune cell clearance of apoptotic cells. This review describes recent progress regarding the multiple actions of CD36 in the heart and highlights those areas requiring future investigation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Heart Lipid Metabolism edited by G.D. Lopaschuk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nada A Abumrad
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States..
| | - Ira J Goldberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
773
|
Oishi Y, Manabe I. Integrated regulation of the cellular metabolism and function of immune cells in adipose tissue. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2016; 43:294-303. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Oishi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; Medical Research Institute; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Ichiro Manabe
- Department of Aging Research; Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba University; Chiba Japan
| |
Collapse
|
774
|
Ho PC, Liu PS. Metabolic communication in tumors: a new layer of immunoregulation for immune evasion. J Immunother Cancer 2016; 4:4. [PMID: 26885366 PMCID: PMC4754991 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-016-0109-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of cancer immunotherapy reveals the power of host immunity on killing cancer cells and the feasibility to unleash restraints of anti-tumor immunity. However, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and low immunogenicity of cancer cells restrict the therapeutic efficacy of cancer immunotherapies in a small fraction of patients. Therefore deciphering the underlying mechanisms promoting the generation of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment is direly needed to better harness host anti-tumor immunity. Early works revealed that deregulated metabolic activities in cancer cells support unrestricted proliferation and survival by producing macromolecules. Intriguingly, recent studies uncovered that metabolic switch in immune and endothelial cells modulate cellular activities and contribute to the progression of several diseases, including cancers. Herein, we review the progress on immunometabolic regulations on fine-tuning activities of immune cells and discuss how metabolic communication between cancer and infiltrating immune cells contributes to cancer immune evasion. Moreover, we would like to discuss how we might exploit this knowledge to improve current immunotherapies and the unresolved issues in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Chih Ho
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland ; Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pu-Ste Liu
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland ; Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
775
|
Tafferner N, Barthelmes J, Eberle M, Ulshöfer T, Henke M, deBruin N, Mayer CA, Foerch C, Geisslinger G, Parnham MJ, Schiffmann S. Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase deletion has mutually counteracting effects on T-cell responses, associated with unchanged course of EAE. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:570-81. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Tafferner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME; Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (TMP); Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Julia Barthelmes
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology; Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt; Frankfurt/Main Germany
| | - Max Eberle
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology; Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt; Frankfurt/Main Germany
| | - Thomas Ulshöfer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME; Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (TMP); Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Marina Henke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME; Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (TMP); Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Natasja deBruin
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME; Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (TMP); Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Christoph A. Mayer
- Department of Neurology; Goethe-University Frankfurt; Frankfurt/Main Germany
| | - Christian Foerch
- Department of Neurology; Goethe-University Frankfurt; Frankfurt/Main Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology; Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt; Frankfurt/Main Germany
| | - Michael J. Parnham
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME; Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (TMP); Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Susanne Schiffmann
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology; Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt; Frankfurt/Main Germany
| |
Collapse
|
776
|
O'Neill LAJ, Pearce EJ. Immunometabolism governs dendritic cell and macrophage function. J Exp Med 2016; 213:15-23. [PMID: 26694970 PMCID: PMC4710204 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20151570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1078] [Impact Index Per Article: 134.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies on intracellular metabolism in dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages provide new insights on the functioning of these critical controllers of innate and adaptive immunity. Both cell types undergo profound metabolic reprogramming in response to environmental cues, such as hypoxia or nutrient alterations, but importantly also in response to danger signals and cytokines. Metabolites such as succinate and citrate have a direct impact on the functioning of macrophages. Immunogenicity and tolerogenicity of DCs is also determined by anabolic and catabolic processes, respectively. These findings provide new prospects for therapeutic manipulation in inflammatory diseases and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke A J O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Edward J Pearce
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
777
|
Biswas SK. Metabolic Reprogramming of Immune Cells in Cancer Progression. Immunity 2016; 43:435-49. [PMID: 26377897 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 441] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells play a key role in host defense against infection and cancer. Upon encountering danger signals, these cells undergo activation leading to a modulation in their immune functions. However, recent studies reveal that immune cells upon activation also show distinct metabolic changes that impact their immune functions. Such metabolic reprogramming and its functional effects are well known for cancer cells. Given that immune cells have emerged as crucial players in cancer progression, it is important to understand whether immune cells also undergo metabolic reprogramming in tumors and how this might affect their contribution in cancer progression. This emerging aspect of tumor-associated immune cells is reviewed here, discussing metabolic reprogramming of different immune cell types, the key pathways involved, and its impact on tumor progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhra K Biswas
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A(∗)STAR), #04-06 Immunos, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138648, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
778
|
Norata GD, Caligiuri G, Chavakis T, Matarese G, Netea MG, Nicoletti A, O'Neill LAJ, Marelli-Berg FM. The Cellular and Molecular Basis of Translational Immunometabolism. Immunity 2016; 43:421-34. [PMID: 26377896 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The immune response requires major changes to metabolic processes, and indeed, energy metabolism and functional activation are fully integrated in immune cells to determine their ability to divide, differentiate, and carry out effector functions. Immune cell metabolism has therefore become an attractive target area for therapeutic purposes. A neglected aspect in the translation of immunometabolism is the critical connection between systemic and cellular metabolism. Here, we discuss the importance of understanding and manipulating the integration of systemic and immune cell metabolism through in-depth analysis of immune cell phenotype and function in human metabolic diseases and, in parallel, of the effects of conventional metabolic drugs on immune cell differentiation and function. We examine how the recent identification of selective metabolic programs operating in distinct immune cell subsets and functions has the potential to deliver tools for cell- and function-specific immunometabolic targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Danilo Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, 20092 Milan, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Caligiuri
- Unité 1148, INSERM, Hôpital X Bichat, 75018 Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire "FIRE," 75018 Paris, France
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Mihai Gheorge Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Antonino Nicoletti
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Luke A J O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Federica M Marelli-Berg
- William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
779
|
Lin L, Lee JH, Buras ED, Yu K, Wang R, Smith CW, Wu H, Sheikh-Hamad D, Sun Y. Ghrelin receptor regulates adipose tissue inflammation in aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2016; 8:178-91. [PMID: 26837433 PMCID: PMC4761721 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Aging is commonly associated with low-grade adipose inflammation, which is closely linked to insulin resistance. Ghrelin is the only circulating orexigenic hormone which is known to increase obesity and insulin resistance. We previously reported that the expression of the ghrelin receptor, growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R), increases in adipose tissues during aging, and old Ghsr(-/-) mice exhibit a lean and insulin-sensitive phenotype. Macrophages are major mediators of adipose tissue inflammation, which consist of pro-inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 subtypes. Here, we show that in aged mice, GHS-R ablation promotes macrophage phenotypical shift toward anti-inflammatory M2. Old Ghsrp(-/-) mice have reduced macrophage infiltration, M1/M2 ratio, and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in white and brown adipose tissues. We also found that peritoneal macrophages of old Ghsrp(-/-) mice produce higher norepinephrine, which is in line with increased alternatively-activated M2 macrophages. Our data further reveal that GHS-R has cell-autonomous effects in macrophages, and GHS-R antagonist suppresses lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in macrophages. Collectively, our studies demonstrate that ghrelin signaling has an important role in macrophage polarization and adipose tissue inflammation during aging. GHS-R antagonists may serve as a novel and effective therapeutic option for age-associated adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ligen Lin
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Jong Han Lee
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Eric D. Buras
- Department of Internal Medicine at University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kaijiang Yu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Ruitao Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - C. Wayne Smith
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Huaizhu Wu
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David Sheikh-Hamad
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| |
Collapse
|
780
|
Everts B, Tussiwand R, Dreesen L, Fairfax KC, Huang SCC, Smith AM, O'Neill CM, Lam WY, Edelson BT, Urban JF, Murphy KM, Pearce EJ. Migratory CD103+ dendritic cells suppress helminth-driven type 2 immunity through constitutive expression of IL-12. J Exp Med 2015; 213:35-51. [PMID: 26712805 PMCID: PMC4710198 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20150235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Everts et al. use Batf3−/− mice to examine the role of Batf3-dependent CD8α+ and CD103+ DCs in Th2 immunity in response to helminth infection. Loss of Batf3-dependent DCs resulted in rapid control of normally chronic infection with Heligmosomoides polygyrus, whereas liver fibrosis was exacerbated with Schistosoma mansoni infection. Mechanistically, steady-state IL-12 production by migratory CD103+ DCs was found to antagonize Th2 responses. CD8α+ and CD103+ dendritic cells (DCs) play a central role in the development of type 1 immune responses. However, their role in type 2 immunity remains unclear. We examined this issue using Batf3−/− mice, in which both of these DC subsets are missing. We found that Th2 cell responses, and related events such as eosinophilia, alternative macrophage activation, and immunoglobulin class switching to IgG1, were enhanced in Batf3−/− mice responding to helminth parasites. This had beneficial or detrimental consequences depending on the context. For example, Batf3 deficiency converted a normally chronic intestinal infection with Heligmosomoides polygyrus into an infection that was rapidly controlled. However, liver fibrosis, an IL-13–mediated pathological consequence of wound healing in chronic schistosomiasis, was exacerbated in Batf3−/− mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni. Mechanistically, steady-state production of IL-12 by migratory CD103+ DCs, independent of signals from commensals or TLR-initiated events, was necessary and sufficient to exert the suppressive effects on Th2 response development. These findings identify a previously unrecognized role for migratory CD103+ DCs in antagonizing type 2 immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bart Everts
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Roxane Tussiwand
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Leentje Dreesen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Keke C Fairfax
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Stanley Ching-Cheng Huang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Amber M Smith
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Christina M O'Neill
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Wing Y Lam
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Brian T Edelson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Joseph F Urban
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agriculture Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Kenneth M Murphy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Edward J Pearce
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| |
Collapse
|
781
|
Yuan Z, Syed M, Panchal D, Joo M, Bedi C, Lim S, Onyuksel H, Rubinstein I, Colonna M, Sadikot RT. TREM-1-accentuated lung injury via miR-155 is inhibited by LP17 nanomedicine. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 310:L426-38. [PMID: 26684249 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00195.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cell-1 (TREM-1) is a superimmunoglobulin receptor expressed on myeloid cells. Synergy between TREM-1 and Toll-like receptor amplifies the inflammatory response; however, the mechanisms by which TREM-1 accentuates inflammation are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the role of TREM-1 in a model of LPS-induced lung injury and neutrophilic inflammation. We show that TREM-1 is induced in lungs of mice with LPS-induced acute neutrophilic inflammation. TREM-1 knockout mice showed an improved survival after lethal doses of LPS with an attenuated inflammatory response in the lungs. Deletion of TREM-1 gene resulted in significantly reduced neutrophils and proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, particularly IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6. Physiologically deletion of TREM-1 conferred an immunometabolic advantage with low oxygen consumption rate (OCR) sparing the respiratory capacity of macrophages challenged with LPS. Furthermore, we show that TREM-1 deletion results in significant attenuation of expression of miR-155 in macrophages and lungs of mice treated with LPS. Experiments with antagomir-155 confirmed that TREM-1-mediated changes were indeed dependent on miR-155 and are mediated by downregulation of suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS-1) a key miR-155 target. These data for the first time show that TREM-1 accentuates inflammatory response by inducing the expression of miR-155 in macrophages and suggest a novel mechanism by which TREM-1 signaling contributes to lung injury. Inhibition of TREM-1 using a nanomicellar approach resulted in ablation of neutrophilic inflammation suggesting that TREM-1 inhibition is a potential therapeutic target for neutrophilic lung inflammation and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Yuan
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mansoor Syed
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Dipti Panchal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Myungsoo Joo
- Department of Immunology, Pusan University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Chetna Bedi
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Sokbee Lim
- School of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hayat Onyuksel
- School of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Israel Rubinstein
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Veterans Affairs, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ruxana T Sadikot
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia;
| |
Collapse
|
782
|
Zeng R, Faccio R, Novack DV. Alternative NF-κB Regulates RANKL-Induced Osteoclast Differentiation and Mitochondrial Biogenesis via Independent Mechanisms. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:2287-99. [PMID: 26094846 PMCID: PMC4834842 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial biogenesis, the generation of new mitochondrial DNA and proteins, has been linked to osteoclast (OC) differentiation and function. In this study we used mice with mutations in key alternative NF-κB pathway proteins, RelB and NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK), to dissect the complex relationship between mitochondrial biogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. In OC precursors lacking either NIK or RelB, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) was unable to increase mitochondrial DNA or oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) protein expression, which was associated with lower oxygen consumption rates. Transgenic OC precursors expressing constitutively active NIK showed normal RANKL-induced mitochondrial biogenesis (OxPhos expression and mitochondria copy number) compared to controls, but larger mitochondrial dimensions and increased oxygen consumption rates, suggesting increased mitochondrial function. To deduce the mechanism for mitochondrial biogenesis defects in NIK-deficient and RelB-deficient precursors, we examined expression of genes known to control this process. PGC-1β (Ppargc1b) expression, but not PGC-1α, PPRC1, or ERRα, was significantly reduced in RelB(-/-) and NIK(-/-) OCs. Because PGC-1β has been reported to positively regulate both mitochondrial biogenesis and differentiation in OCs, we retrovirally overexpressed PGC-1β in RelB(-/-) cells, but surprisingly found that it did not affect differentiation, nor did it restore RANKL-induced mitochondrial biogenesis. To determine whether the blockade in osteoclastogenesis in RelB-deficient cells precludes mitochondrial biogenesis, we rescued RelB(-/-) differentiation via overexpression of NFATc1. Mitochondrial parameters in neither WT nor RelB-deficient cultures were affected by NFATc1 overexpression, and bone resorption in RelB(-/-) was not restored. Furthermore, NFATc1 co-overexpression with PGC-1β, although allowing OC differentiation, did not rescue mitochondrial biogenesis or bone resorption in RelB(-/-) OCs, by CTX-I levels. Thus, our results indicate that the alternative NF-κB pathway plays dual, but distinct, roles in controlling the independent processes of OC differentiation and OC mitochondrial biogenesis. Furthermore, the inability of PGC-1β to drive mitochondrial biogenesis in OCs without RelB indicates a cell-type specificity in mitochondria regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zeng
- Division of Bone and Mineral Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Roberta Faccio
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Deborah V Novack
- Division of Bone and Mineral Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
783
|
Abstract
Macrophage plasticity is an important feature of these innate immune cells. Macrophage phenotypes are divided into two categories, the classically activated macrophages (CAM, M1 phenotype) and the alternatively activated macrophages (AAM, M2 phenotype). M1 macrophages are commonly associated with the generation of proinflammatory cytokines, whereas M2 macrophages are anti-inflammatory and often associated with tumor progression and fibrosis development. Macrophages produce high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recent evidence suggests ROS can potentially regulate macrophage phenotype. In addition, macrophages phenotypes are closely related to their metabolic patterns, particularly fatty acid/cholesterol metabolism. In this review, we briefly summarize recent advances in macrophage polarization with special attention to their relevance to specific disease conditions and metabolic regulation of polarization. Understanding these metabolic switches can facilitate the development of targeted therapies for various diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao He
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - A Brent Carter
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Birmingham VAMC, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| |
Collapse
|
784
|
Van den Bossche J, Baardman J, de Winther MPJ. Metabolic Characterization of Polarized M1 and M2 Bone Marrow-derived Macrophages Using Real-time Extracellular Flux Analysis. J Vis Exp 2015. [PMID: 26649578 DOI: 10.3791/53424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific metabolic pathways are increasingly being recognized as critical hallmarks of macrophage subsets. While LPS-induced classically activated M1 or M(LPS) macrophages are pro-inflammatory, IL-4 induces alternative macrophage activation and these so-called M2 or M(IL-4) support resolution of inflammation and wound healing. Recent evidence shows the crucial role of metabolic reprogramming in the regulation of M1 and M2 macrophage polarization. In this manuscript, an extracellular flux analyzer is applied to assess the metabolic characteristics of naive, M1 and M2 polarized mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. This instrument uses pH and oxygen sensors to measure the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR), which can be related to glycolytic and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. As such, both glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism can be measured in real-time in one single assay. Using this technique, we demonstrate here that inflammatory M1 macrophages display enhanced glycolytic metabolism and reduced mitochondrial activity. Conversely, anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages show high mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and are characterized by an enhanced spare respiratory capacity (SRC). The presented functional assay serves as a framework to investigate how particular cytokines, pharmacological compounds, gene knock outs or other interventions affect the macrophage's metabolic phenotype and inflammatory status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Van den Bossche
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam;
| | - Jeroen Baardman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam
| | - Menno P J de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam
| |
Collapse
|
785
|
Siegert I, Schödel J, Nairz M, Schatz V, Dettmer K, Dick C, Kalucka J, Franke K, Ehrenschwender M, Schley G, Beneke A, Sutter J, Moll M, Hellerbrand C, Wielockx B, Katschinski DM, Lang R, Galy B, Hentze MW, Koivunen P, Oefner PJ, Bogdan C, Weiss G, Willam C, Jantsch J. Ferritin-Mediated Iron Sequestration Stabilizes Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α upon LPS Activation in the Presence of Ample Oxygen. Cell Rep 2015; 13:2048-55. [PMID: 26628374 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Both hypoxic and inflammatory conditions activate transcription factors such as hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and nuclear factor (NF)-κB, which play a crucial role in adaptive responses to these challenges. In dendritic cells (DC), lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced HIF1α accumulation requires NF-κB signaling and promotes inflammatory DC function. The mechanisms that drive LPS-induced HIF1α accumulation under normoxia are unclear. Here, we demonstrate that LPS inhibits prolyl hydroxylase domain enzyme (PHD) activity and thereby blocks HIF1α degradation. Of note, LPS-induced PHD inhibition was neither due to cosubstrate depletion (oxygen or α-ketoglutarate) nor due to increased levels of reactive oxygen species, fumarate, and succinate. Instead, LPS inhibited PHD activity through NF-κB-mediated induction of the iron storage protein ferritin and subsequent decrease of intracellular available iron, a critical cofactor of PHD. Thus, hypoxia and LPS both induce HIF1α accumulation via PHD inhibition but deploy distinct molecular mechanisms (lack of cosubstrate oxygen versus deprivation of co-factor iron).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Siegert
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Schödel
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manfred Nairz
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Valentin Schatz
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katja Dettmer
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Dick
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Joanna Kalucka
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kristin Franke
- Heisenberg Research Group, Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Ehrenschwender
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gunnar Schley
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Angelika Beneke
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jörg Sutter
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Moll
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Claus Hellerbrand
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ben Wielockx
- Heisenberg Research Group, Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dörthe M Katschinski
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Roland Lang
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bruno Galy
- Division of Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Peppi Koivunen
- Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Peter J Oefner
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian Bogdan
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Carsten Willam
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Jantsch
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
786
|
Xiu F, Diao L, Qi P, Catapano M, Jeschke MG. Palmitate differentially regulates the polarization of differentiating and differentiated macrophages. Immunology 2015; 147:82-96. [PMID: 26453839 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The tissue accumulation of M1 macrophages in patients with metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus has been well-documented. Interestingly, it is an accumulation of M2 macrophages that is observed in the adipose, liver and lung tissues, as well as in the circulation, of patients who have had major traumas such as a burn injury or sepsis; however, the trigger for the M2 polarization observed in these patients has not yet been identified. In the current study, we explored the effects of chronic palmitate and high glucose treatment on macrophage differentiation and function in murine bone-marrow-derived macrophages. We found that chronic treatment with palmitate decreased phagocytosis and HLA-DR expression in addition to inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Chronic palmitate treatment of bone marrows also led to M2 polarization, which correlated with the activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ signalling pathway. Furthermore, we found that chronic palmitate treatment increased the expression of multiple endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers, including binding immunoglobulin protein. Preconditioning with the universal ER stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyrate attenuated ER stress signalling and neutralized the effect of palmitate, inducing a pro-inflammatory phenotype. We confirmed these results in differentiating human macrophages, showing an anti-inflammatory response to chronic palmitate exposure. Though alone it did not promote M2 polarization, hyperglycaemia exacerbated the effects of palmitate. These findings suggest that the dominant accumulation of M2 in adipose tissue and liver in patients with critical illness may be a result of hyperlipidaemia and hyperglycaemia, both components of the hypermetabolism observed in critically ill patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangming Xiu
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Li Diao
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Qi
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Catapano
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marc G Jeschke
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
787
|
Lee YH, Kim SN, Kwon HJ, Maddipati KR, Granneman JG. Adipogenic role of alternatively activated macrophages in β-adrenergic remodeling of white adipose tissue. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 310:R55-65. [PMID: 26538237 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00355.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
De novo brown adipogenesis involves the proliferation and differentiation of progenitors, yet the mechanisms that guide these events in vivo are poorly understood. We previously demonstrated that treatment with a β3-adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) agonist triggers brown/beige adipogenesis in gonadal white adipose tissue following adipocyte death and clearance by tissue macrophages. The close physical relationship between adipocyte progenitors and tissue macrophages suggested that the macrophages that clear dying adipocytes might generate proadipogenic factors. Flow cytometric analysis of macrophages from mice treated with CL 316,243 identified a subpopulation that contained elevated lipid and expressed CD44. Lipidomic analysis of fluorescence-activated cell sorting-isolated macrophages demonstrated that CD44+ macrophages contained four- to five-fold higher levels of the endogenous peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) ligands 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (HODE), and 13-HODE compared with CD44- macrophages. Gene expression profiling and immunohistochemistry demonstrated that ADRB3 agonist treatment upregulated expression of ALOX15, the lipoxygenase responsible for generating 9-HODE and 13-HODE. Using an in vitro model of adipocyte efferocytosis, we found that IL-4-primed tissue macrophages accumulated lipid from dying fat cells and upregulated expression of Alox15. Furthermore, treatment of differentiating adipocytes with 9-HODE and 13-HODE potentiated brown/beige adipogenesis. Collectively, these data indicate that noninflammatory removal of adipocyte remnants and coordinated generation of PPARγ ligands by M2 macrophages provides localized adipogenic signals to support de novo brown/beige adipogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Sang-Nam Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Krishna Rao Maddipati
- Lipidomics Core Facility and Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan; and
| | - James G Granneman
- Center for Integrative Metabolic and Endocrine Research, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
788
|
Abstract
Immune cells are highly dynamic in terms of their growth, proliferation, and effector functions as they respond to immunological challenges. Different immune cells can adopt distinct metabolic configurations that allow the cell to balance its requirements for energy, molecular biosynthesis, and longevity. However, in addition to facilitating immune cell responses, it is now becoming clear that cellular metabolism has direct roles in regulating immune cell function. This review article describes the distinct metabolic signatures of key immune cells, explains how these metabolic setups facilitate immune function, and discusses the emerging evidence that intracellular metabolism has an integral role in controlling immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - David K Finlay
- From the School of Biochemistry and Immunology and School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
789
|
Caspar-Bauguil S, Kolditz CI, Lefort C, Vila I, Mouisel E, Beuzelin D, Tavernier G, Marques MA, Zakaroff-Girard A, Pecher C, Houssier M, Mir L, Nicolas S, Moro C, Langin D. Fatty acids from fat cell lipolysis do not activate an inflammatory response but are stored as triacylglycerols in adipose tissue macrophages. Diabetologia 2015; 58:2627-36. [PMID: 26245186 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3719-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Activation of macrophages by fatty acids (FAs) is a potential mechanism linking obesity to adipose tissue (AT) inflammation and insulin resistance. Here, we investigated the effects of FAs released during adipocyte lipolysis on AT macrophages (ATMs). METHODS Human THP-1 macrophages were treated with media from human multipotent adipose-derived stem (hMADS) adipocytes stimulated with lipolytic drugs. Macrophages were also treated with mixtures of FAs and an inhibitor of Toll-like receptor 4, since this receptor is activated by saturated FAs. Levels of mRNA and the secretion of inflammation-related molecules were measured in macrophages. FA composition was determined in adipocytes, conditioned media and macrophages. The effect of chronic inhibition or acute activation of fat cell lipolysis on ATM response was investigated in vivo in mice. RESULTS Whereas palmitic acid alone activates THP-1, conditioned media from hMADS adipocyte lipolysis had no effect on IL, chemokine and cytokine gene expression, and secretion by macrophages. Mixtures of FAs representing de novo lipogenesis or habitual dietary conditions also had no effect. FAs derived from adipocyte lipolysis were taken up by macrophages and stored as triacylglycerol droplets. In vivo, chronic treatment with an antilipolytic drug did not modify gene expression and number of ATMs in mice with intact or defective Tlr4. Stimulation of adipocyte lipolysis increased storage of neutral lipids by macrophages without change in number and phenotype. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our data suggest that adipocyte lipolysis does not activate inflammatory pathways in ATMs, which instead may act as scavengers of FAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Caspar-Bauguil
- Inserm, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC, Obesity Research Laboratory, Team 4, CHU Rangueil, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
- Toulouse University Hospitals, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine-Ines Kolditz
- Inserm, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC, Obesity Research Laboratory, Team 4, CHU Rangueil, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Corinne Lefort
- Inserm, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC, Obesity Research Laboratory, Team 4, CHU Rangueil, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Vila
- Inserm, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC, Obesity Research Laboratory, Team 4, CHU Rangueil, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Etienne Mouisel
- Inserm, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC, Obesity Research Laboratory, Team 4, CHU Rangueil, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Diane Beuzelin
- Inserm, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC, Obesity Research Laboratory, Team 4, CHU Rangueil, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Geneviève Tavernier
- Inserm, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC, Obesity Research Laboratory, Team 4, CHU Rangueil, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Adeline Marques
- Inserm, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC, Obesity Research Laboratory, Team 4, CHU Rangueil, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexia Zakaroff-Girard
- University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
- Inserm, UMR1048, Cytometry Facility, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France
- Inserm, UMR1048, Team 1, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France
| | - Christiane Pecher
- University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
- Inserm, UMR1048, Cytometry Facility, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France
| | - Marianne Houssier
- Inserm, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC, Obesity Research Laboratory, Team 4, CHU Rangueil, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Lucile Mir
- Inserm, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC, Obesity Research Laboratory, Team 4, CHU Rangueil, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Sarah Nicolas
- Inserm, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC, Obesity Research Laboratory, Team 4, CHU Rangueil, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Cédric Moro
- Inserm, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC, Obesity Research Laboratory, Team 4, CHU Rangueil, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Dominique Langin
- Inserm, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC, Obesity Research Laboratory, Team 4, CHU Rangueil, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
- University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France.
- Toulouse University Hospitals, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Toulouse, France.
| |
Collapse
|
790
|
Oh J, Riek AE, Darwech I, Funai K, Shao J, Chin K, Sierra OL, Carmeliet G, Ostlund RE, Bernal-Mizrachi C. Deletion of macrophage Vitamin D receptor promotes insulin resistance and monocyte cholesterol transport to accelerate atherosclerosis in mice. Cell Rep 2015; 10:1872-86. [PMID: 25801026 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Intense effort has been devoted to understanding predisposition to chronic systemic inflammation because it contributes to cardiometabolic disease. We demonstrate that deletion of the macrophage vitamin D receptor (VDR) in mice (KODMAC) is sufficient to induce insulin resistance by promoting M2 macrophage accumulation in the liver as well as increasing cytokine secretion and hepatic glucose production. Moreover, VDR deletion increases atherosclerosis by enabling lipid-laden M2 monocytes to adhere, migrate, and carry cholesterol into the atherosclerotic plaque and by increasing macrophage cholesterol uptake and esterification. Increased foam cell formation results from lack of VDR-SERCA2b interaction, causing SERCA dysfunction, activation of ER stress-CaMKII-JNKp-PPARγ signaling, and induction of the scavenger receptors CD36 and SR-A1. Bone marrow transplant of VDR-expressing cells into KODMAC mice improved insulin sensitivity, suppressed atherosclerosis, and decreased foam cell formation. The immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D in macrophages are thus critical in diet-induced insulin resistance and atherosclerosis in mice.
Collapse
|
791
|
Ouimet M, Ediriweera HN, Gundra UM, Sheedy FJ, Ramkhelawon B, Hutchison SB, Rinehold K, van Solingen C, Fullerton MD, Cecchini K, Rayner KJ, Steinberg GR, Zamore PD, Fisher EA, Loke P, Moore KJ. MicroRNA-33-dependent regulation of macrophage metabolism directs immune cell polarization in atherosclerosis. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:4334-48. [PMID: 26517695 PMCID: PMC4665799 DOI: 10.1172/jci81676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolism is increasingly recognized as a controller of immune cell fate and function. MicroRNA-33 (miR-33) regulates cellular lipid metabolism and represses genes involved in cholesterol efflux, HDL biogenesis, and fatty acid oxidation. Here, we determined that miR-33-mediated disruption of the balance of aerobic glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation instructs macrophage inflammatory polarization and shapes innate and adaptive immune responses. Macrophage-specific Mir33 deletion increased oxidative respiration, enhanced spare respiratory capacity, and induced an M2 macrophage polarization-associated gene profile. Furthermore, miR-33-mediated M2 polarization required miR-33 targeting of the energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), but not cholesterol efflux. Notably, miR-33 inhibition increased macrophage expression of the retinoic acid-producing enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 (ALDH1A2) and retinal dehydrogenase activity both in vitro and in a mouse model. Consistent with the ability of retinoic acid to foster inducible Tregs, miR-33-depleted macrophages had an enhanced capacity to induce forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) expression in naive CD4(+) T cells. Finally, treatment of hypercholesterolemic mice with miR-33 inhibitors for 8 weeks resulted in accumulation of inflammation-suppressing M2 macrophages and FOXP3(+) Tregs in plaques and reduced atherosclerosis progression. Collectively, these results reveal that miR-33 regulates macrophage inflammation and demonstrate that miR-33 antagonism is atheroprotective, in part, by reducing plaque inflammation by promoting M2 macrophage polarization and Treg induction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - U. Mahesh Gundra
- Department of Microbiology, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Katharine Cecchini
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Gregory R. Steinberg
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Phillip D. Zamore
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Edward A. Fisher
- Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology and Disease Program and
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - P’ng Loke
- Department of Microbiology, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Kathryn J. Moore
- Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology and Disease Program and
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
792
|
Binger KJ, Gebhardt M, Heinig M, Rintisch C, Schroeder A, Neuhofer W, Hilgers K, Manzel A, Schwartz C, Kleinewietfeld M, Voelkl J, Schatz V, Linker RA, Lang F, Voehringer D, Wright MD, Hubner N, Dechend R, Jantsch J, Titze J, Müller DN. High salt reduces the activation of IL-4- and IL-13-stimulated macrophages. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:4223-38. [PMID: 26485286 DOI: 10.1172/jci80919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A high intake of dietary salt (NaCl) has been implicated in the development of hypertension, chronic inflammation, and autoimmune diseases. We have recently shown that salt has a proinflammatory effect and boosts the activation of Th17 cells and the activation of classical, LPS-induced macrophages (M1). Here, we examined how the activation of alternative (M2) macrophages is affected by salt. In stark contrast to Th17 cells and M1 macrophages, high salt blunted the alternative activation of BM-derived mouse macrophages stimulated with IL-4 and IL-13, M(IL-4+IL-13) macrophages. Salt-induced reduction of M(IL-4+IL-13) activation was not associated with increased polarization toward a proinflammatory M1 phenotype. In vitro, high salt decreased the ability of M(IL-4+IL-13) macrophages to suppress effector T cell proliferation. Moreover, mice fed a high salt diet exhibited reduced M2 activation following chitin injection and delayed wound healing compared with control animals. We further identified a high salt-induced reduction in glycolysis and mitochondrial metabolic output, coupled with blunted AKT and mTOR signaling, which indicates a mechanism by which NaCl inhibits full M2 macrophage activation. Collectively, this study provides evidence that high salt reduces noninflammatory innate immune cell activation and may thus lead to an overall imbalance in immune homeostasis.
Collapse
|
793
|
Study of the activated macrophage transcriptome. Exp Mol Pathol 2015; 99:575-80. [PMID: 26439118 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptome analysis is a powerful modern tool to study possible alterations of gene expression associated with human diseases. It turns out to be especially promising for evaluation of gene expression changes in immunopathology, as immune cells have flexible gene expression patterns that can be switched in response to infection, inflammatory stimuli and exposure to various cytokines. In particular, macrophage polarization towards pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes can be successfully studied using the modern transcriptome analysis approaches. The two mostly used techniques for transcriptome analysis are microarray and next generation sequencing. In this review we will provide an overview of known gene expression changes associated with immunopathology and discuss the advantage and limitations of different methods of transcriptome analysis.
Collapse
|
794
|
Zimetti F, Favari E, Cagliero P, Adorni MP, Ronda N, Bonardi R, Gomaraschi M, Calabresi L, Bernini F, Guardamagna O. Cholesterol trafficking-related serum lipoprotein functions in children with cholesteryl ester storage disease. Atherosclerosis 2015; 242:443-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
795
|
Sergin I, Evans TD, Razani B. Degradation and beyond: the macrophage lysosome as a nexus for nutrient sensing and processing in atherosclerosis. Curr Opin Lipidol 2015; 26:394-404. [PMID: 26241101 PMCID: PMC5027838 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The ability of macrophage lysosomes to degrade both exogenous and internally derived cargo is paramount to handling the overabundance of lipid and cytotoxic material present in the atherosclerotic plaque. We will discuss recent insights in both classical and novel functions of the lysosomal apparatus, as it pertains to the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. RECENT FINDINGS Lipid-mediated dysfunction in macrophage lysosomes appears to be a critical event in plaque progression. Consequences include enhanced inflammatory signalling [particularly the inflammasome/interleukin-1β axis] and an inability to interface with autophagy leading to a proatherogenic accumulation of dysfunctional organelles and protein aggregates. Aside from degradation, several novel functions have recently been ascribed to lysosomes, including involvement in macrophage polarization, generation of lipid signalling intermediates and serving as a nutrient depot for mechanistic target of rapamycin activation, each of which can have profound implications in atherosclerosis. Finally, the discovery of the transcription factor transcription factor EB as a mechanism of inducing lysosomal biogenesis can have therapeutic value by reversing lysosomal dysfunction in macrophages. SUMMARY Lysosomes are a central organelle in the processing of exogenous and intracellular biomolecules. Together with recent data that implicate the degradation products of lysosomes in modulation of signalling pathways, these organelles truly do lay at a nexus in nutrient sensing and processing. Dissecting the full repertoire of lysosome function and ensuing dysfunction in plaque macrophages is pivotal to our understanding of atherogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Sergin
- aCardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine bDepartment of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
796
|
Sarrazy V, Sore S, Viaud M, Rignol G, Westerterp M, Ceppo F, Tanti JF, Guinamard R, Gautier EL, Yvan-Charvet L. Maintenance of Macrophage Redox Status by ChREBP Limits Inflammation and Apoptosis and Protects against Advanced Atherosclerotic Lesion Formation. Cell Rep 2015; 13:132-144. [PMID: 26411684 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhanced glucose utilization can be visualized in atherosclerotic lesions and may reflect a high glycolytic rate in lesional macrophages, but its causative role in plaque progression remains unclear. We observe that the activity of the carbohydrate-responsive element binding protein ChREBP is rapidly downregulated upon TLR4 activation in macrophages. ChREBP inactivation refocuses cellular metabolism to a high redox state favoring enhanced inflammatory responses after TLR4 activation and increased cell death after TLR4 activation or oxidized LDL loading. Targeted deletion of ChREBP in bone marrow cells resulted in accelerated atherosclerosis progression in Ldlr(-/-) mice with increased monocytosis, lesional macrophage accumulation, and plaque necrosis. Thus, ChREBP-dependent macrophage metabolic reprogramming hinders plaque progression and establishes a causative role for leukocyte glucose metabolism in atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Sarrazy
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Atip-Avenir, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Sophie Sore
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Atip-Avenir, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Manon Viaud
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Atip-Avenir, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Guylène Rignol
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Atip-Avenir, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Marit Westerterp
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Franck Ceppo
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Atip-Avenir, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Jean-Francois Tanti
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Atip-Avenir, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Rodolphe Guinamard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Atip-Avenir, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Emmanuel L Gautier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR_S 1166, Pierre and Marie Curie University Paris 6, ICAN Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Yvan-Charvet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Atip-Avenir, 06204 Nice, France.
| |
Collapse
|
797
|
Abstract
Failure of T cells to protect against cancer is thought to result from lack of antigen recognition, chronic activation, and/or suppression by other cells. Using a mouse sarcoma model, we show that glucose consumption by tumors metabolically restricts T cells, leading to their dampened mTOR activity, glycolytic capacity, and IFN-γ production, thereby allowing tumor progression. We show that enhancing glycolysis in an antigenic "regressor" tumor is sufficient to override the protective ability of T cells to control tumor growth. We also show that checkpoint blockade antibodies against CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1, which are used clinically, restore glucose in tumor microenvironment, permitting T cell glycolysis and IFN-γ production. Furthermore, we found that blocking PD-L1 directly on tumors dampens glycolysis by inhibiting mTOR activity and decreasing expression of glycolysis enzymes, reflecting a role for PD-L1 in tumor glucose utilization. Our results establish that tumor-imposed metabolic restrictions can mediate T cell hyporesponsiveness during cancer.
Collapse
|
798
|
Chang CH, Qiu J, O'Sullivan D, Buck MD, Noguchi T, Curtis JD, Chen Q, Gindin M, Gubin MM, van der Windt GJW, Tonc E, Schreiber RD, Pearce EJ, Pearce EL. Metabolic Competition in the Tumor Microenvironment Is a Driver of Cancer Progression. Cell 2015; 162:1229-41. [PMID: 26321679 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2045] [Impact Index Per Article: 227.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Failure of T cells to protect against cancer is thought to result from lack of antigen recognition, chronic activation, and/or suppression by other cells. Using a mouse sarcoma model, we show that glucose consumption by tumors metabolically restricts T cells, leading to their dampened mTOR activity, glycolytic capacity, and IFN-γ production, thereby allowing tumor progression. We show that enhancing glycolysis in an antigenic "regressor" tumor is sufficient to override the protective ability of T cells to control tumor growth. We also show that checkpoint blockade antibodies against CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1, which are used clinically, restore glucose in tumor microenvironment, permitting T cell glycolysis and IFN-γ production. Furthermore, we found that blocking PD-L1 directly on tumors dampens glycolysis by inhibiting mTOR activity and decreasing expression of glycolysis enzymes, reflecting a role for PD-L1 in tumor glucose utilization. Our results establish that tumor-imposed metabolic restrictions can mediate T cell hyporesponsiveness during cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hao Chang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jing Qiu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - David O'Sullivan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Michael D Buck
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Takuro Noguchi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jonathan D Curtis
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Qiongyu Chen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Mariel Gindin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Matthew M Gubin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Gerritje J W van der Windt
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Elena Tonc
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Robert D Schreiber
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Edward J Pearce
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Erika L Pearce
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
799
|
Sanin DE, Prendergast CT, Mountford AP. IL-10 Production in Macrophages Is Regulated by a TLR-Driven CREB-Mediated Mechanism That Is Linked to Genes Involved in Cell Metabolism. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2015; 195:1218-32. [PMID: 26116503 PMCID: PMC4505959 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
IL-10 is produced by macrophages in diverse immune settings and is critical in limiting immune-mediated pathology. In helminth infections, macrophages are an important source of IL-10; however, the molecular mechanism underpinning production of IL-10 by these cells is poorly characterized. In this study, bone marrow-derived macrophages exposed to excretory/secretory products released by Schistosoma mansoni cercariae rapidly produce IL-10 as a result of MyD88-mediated activation of MEK/ERK/RSK and p38. The phosphorylation of these kinases was triggered by TLR2 and TLR4 and converged on activation of the transcription factor CREB. Following phosphorylation, CREB is recruited to a novel regulatory element in the Il10 promoter and is also responsible for regulating a network of genes involved in metabolic processes, such as glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Moreover, skin-resident tissue macrophages, which encounter S. mansoni excretory/secretory products during infection, are the first monocytes to produce IL-10 in vivo early postinfection with S. mansoni cercariae. The early and rapid release of IL-10 by these cells has the potential to condition the dermal microenvironment encountered by immune cells recruited to this infection site, and we propose a mechanism by which CREB regulates the production of IL-10 by macrophages in the skin, but also has a major effect on their metabolic state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David E Sanin
- Department of Biology, Centre for Immunology and Infection, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Catriona T Prendergast
- Department of Biology, Centre for Immunology and Infection, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian P Mountford
- Department of Biology, Centre for Immunology and Infection, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
800
|
Covarrubias AJ, Aksoylar HI, Horng T. Control of macrophage metabolism and activation by mTOR and Akt signaling. Semin Immunol 2015; 27:286-96. [PMID: 26360589 PMCID: PMC4682888 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are pleiotropic cells that assume a variety of functions depending on their tissue of residence and tissue state. They maintain homeostasis as well as coordinate responses to stresses such as infection and metabolic challenge. The ability of macrophages to acquire diverse, context-dependent activities requires their activation (or polarization) to distinct functional states. While macrophage activation is well understood at the level of signal transduction and transcriptional regulation, the metabolic underpinnings are poorly understood. Importantly, emerging studies indicate that metabolic shifts play a pivotal role in control of macrophage activation and acquisition of context-dependent effector activities. The signals that drive macrophage activation impinge on metabolic pathways, allowing for coordinate control of macrophage activation and metabolism. Here we discuss how mTOR and Akt, major metabolic regulators and targets of such activation signals, control macrophage metabolism and activation. Dysregulated macrophage activities contribute to many diseases, including infectious, inflammatory, and metabolic diseases and cancer, thus a better understanding of metabolic control of macrophage activation could pave the way to the development of new therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Covarrubias
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Ave, II-115, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - H Ibrahim Aksoylar
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Ave, II-115, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tiffany Horng
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Ave, II-115, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|