801
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Ou D, Chen B, Bai R, Song P, Lin H. Contamination of sulfonamide antibiotics and sulfamethazine-resistant bacteria in the downstream and estuarine areas of Jiulong River in Southeast China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:12104-12113. [PMID: 25877900 PMCID: PMC4515247 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4473-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Surface water samples from downstream and estuarine areas of Jiulong River were collected in August 2011 and May 2012 for detecting sulfonamide antibiotic residues and isolating sulfamethazine-resistant bacteria. Sulfamethazine was detected in all samples in May 2012 at an average concentration of 78.3 ng L(-1), which was the highest among the nine sulfonamide antibiotics determined. Sulfamethazine-resistant bacteria (SRB) were screened using antibiotic-containing agar plates. The SRB average abundance in the samples was 3.69 × 10(4) and 2.17 × 10(3) CFUs mL(-1) in August 2011 and May 2012, respectively, and was positively correlated to sulfamethazine concentration in May 2012. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing of all the 121 SRB isolates revealed high diversity. Furthermore, the SRB isolates exhibited multidrug resistance, with 48.7% showing resistance to at least three antibiotics. The abundance and persistence of highly diverse SRB and their multidrug resistance are likely to demonstrate the transferable pressure from coastal environments on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyun Ou
- Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 178 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005 China
| | - Bin Chen
- Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 178 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005 China
| | - Renao Bai
- Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 178 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005 China
| | - Puqing Song
- Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 178 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005 China
| | - Heshan Lin
- Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 178 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005 China
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802
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Czekalski N, Sigdel R, Birtel J, Matthews B, Bürgmann H. Does human activity impact the natural antibiotic resistance background? Abundance of antibiotic resistance genes in 21 Swiss lakes. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 81:45-55. [PMID: 25913323 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are emerging environmental contaminants, known to be continuously discharged into the aquatic environment via human and animal waste. Freshwater aquatic environments represent potential reservoirs for ARG and potentially allow sewage-derived ARG to persist and spread in the environment. This may create increased opportunities for an eventual contact with, and gene transfer to, human and animal pathogens via the food chain or drinking water. However, assessment of this risk requires a better understanding of the level and variability of the natural resistance background and the extent of the human impact. We have analyzed water samples from 21 Swiss lakes, taken at sampling points that were not under the direct influence of local contamination sources and analyzed the relative abundance of ARG using quantitative real-time PCR. Copy numbers of genes mediating resistance to three different broad-spectrum antibiotic classes (sulfonamides: sul1, sul2, tetracyclines: tet(B), tet(M), tet(W) and fluoroquinolones: qnrA) were normalized to copy numbers of bacterial 16S rRNA genes. We used multiple linear regression to assess if ARG abundance is related to human activities in the catchment, microbial community composition and the eutrophication status of the lakes. Sul genes were detected in all sampled lakes, whereas only four lakes contained quantifiable numbers of tet genes, and qnrA remained below detection in all lakes. Our data indicate higher abundance of sul1 in lakes with increasing number and capacity of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the catchment. sul2 abundance was rather related to long water residence times and eutrophication status. Our study demonstrates the potential of freshwater lakes to preserve antibiotic resistance genes, and provides a reference for ARG abundance from lake systems with low human impact as a baseline for assessing ARG contamination in lake water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Czekalski
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Surface Waters - Research and Management, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Radhika Sigdel
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Surface Waters - Research and Management, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Julia Birtel
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Aquatic Ecology, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Blake Matthews
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Aquatic Ecology, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Helmut Bürgmann
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Surface Waters - Research and Management, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.
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803
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Artemova T, Gerardin Y, Dudley C, Vega NM, Gore J. Isolated cell behavior drives the evolution of antibiotic resistance. Mol Syst Biol 2015; 11:822. [PMID: 26227664 PMCID: PMC4547850 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20145888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial antibiotic resistance is typically quantified by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), which is defined as the minimal concentration of antibiotic that inhibits bacterial growth starting from a standard cell density. However, when antibiotic resistance is mediated by degradation, the collective inactivation of antibiotic by the bacterial population can cause the measured MIC to depend strongly on the initial cell density. In cases where this inoculum effect is strong, the relationship between MIC and bacterial fitness in the antibiotic is not well defined. Here, we demonstrate that the resistance of a single, isolated cell—which we call the single-cell MIC (scMIC)—provides a superior metric for quantifying antibiotic resistance. Unlike the MIC, we find that the scMIC predicts the direction of selection and also specifies the antibiotic concentration at which selection begins to favor new mutants. Understanding the cooperative nature of bacterial growth in antibiotics is therefore essential in predicting the evolution of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Artemova
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ylaine Gerardin
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carmel Dudley
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nicole M Vega
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jeff Gore
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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804
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Shadoud L, Almahmoud I, Jarraud S, Etienne J, Larrat S, Schwebel C, Timsit JF, Schneider D, Maurin M. Hidden Selection of Bacterial Resistance to Fluoroquinolones In Vivo: The Case of Legionella pneumophila and Humans. EBioMedicine 2015; 2:1179-85. [PMID: 26501115 PMCID: PMC4588375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infectious diseases are the leading cause of human morbidity and mortality worldwide. One dramatic issue is the emergence of microbial resistance to antibiotics which is a major public health concern. Surprisingly however, such in vivo adaptive ability has not been reported yet for many intracellular human bacterial pathogens such as Legionella pneumophila. Methods We examined 82 unrelated patients with Legionnaire's disease from which 139 respiratory specimens were sampled during hospitalization and antibiotic therapy. We both developed a real time PCR assay and used deep-sequencing approaches to detect antibiotic resistance mutations in L. pneumophila and follow their selection and fate in these samples. Findings We identified the in vivo selection of fluoroquinolone resistance mutations in L. pneumophila in two infected patients treated with these antibiotics. By investigating the mutational dynamics in patients, we showed that antibiotic resistance occurred during hospitalization most likely after fluoroquinolone treatment. Interpretation In vivo selection of antibiotic resistances in L. pneumophila may be associated with treatment failures and poor prognosis. This hidden resistance must be carefully considered in the therapeutic management of legionellosis patients and in the control of the gradual loss of effectiveness of antibiotics. Legionellosis is a pneumonia caused by the inhalation of aerosols containing Legionella, mainly L. pneumophila. Its average mortality rate is 10%, despite availability of effective antibiotics such as the macrolides and the fluoroquinolones. Using modern molecular approaches, we identified the selection of fluoroquinolone resistance in L. pneumophila in patients under fluoroquinolone therapy. This may lead to reduction of treatment efficacy and prognosis worsening. Our findings should lead to revised guidelines for therapeutic management and prognosis evaluation of legionellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubana Shadoud
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire Adaptation et Pathogénie des Microorganismes (LAPM), F-38000 Grenoble, France ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LAPM, F-38000 Grenoble, France ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Grenoble, Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, Grenoble, France
| | - Iyad Almahmoud
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire Adaptation et Pathogénie des Microorganismes (LAPM), F-38000 Grenoble, France ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LAPM, F-38000 Grenoble, France ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Grenoble, Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, Grenoble, France
| | - Sophie Jarraud
- Université Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France ; CNRS UMR5308, Ecoles Normales Supérieures (ENS), Lyon, France ; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1111, Lyon, France ; Centre National de Référence des Legionella , Centre de Biologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jérôme Etienne
- Université Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France ; CNRS UMR5308, Ecoles Normales Supérieures (ENS), Lyon, France ; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1111, Lyon, France ; Centre National de Référence des Legionella , Centre de Biologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sylvie Larrat
- Unit of Virus host Cell Interactions (UVHCI), UMI 3265, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Grenoble, France
| | | | - Jean-François Timsit
- CHU Grenoble, Réanimation Médicale, Grenoble, France ; INSERM U823, Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble, France
| | - Dominique Schneider
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire Adaptation et Pathogénie des Microorganismes (LAPM), F-38000 Grenoble, France ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LAPM, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Max Maurin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire Adaptation et Pathogénie des Microorganismes (LAPM), F-38000 Grenoble, France ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LAPM, F-38000 Grenoble, France ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Grenoble, Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, Grenoble, France
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805
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Rashid M, Rakib MM, Hasan B. Antimicrobial-resistant and ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in different ecological niches in Bangladesh. Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2015; 5:26712. [PMID: 26193990 PMCID: PMC4507753 DOI: 10.3402/iee.v5.26712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The rapid and wide-scale environmental spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria in different ecosystems has become a serious issue in recent years. OBJECTIVES To investigate the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance and extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) in Bangladeshi wild birds and aquatic environments, samples were taken from Open Bill Stork (Anastomus oscitans) (OBS) and the nearby water sources. METHODS Water and fresh fecal samples were collected from several locations. All samples were processed and cultured for Escherichia coli and tested for antibiotic susceptibility against commonly used antibiotics. ESBL producers were characterized at genotypic level using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), sequencing, multilocus sequence typing, and rep-PCR. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A total of 76 E. coli isolates from the 170 OBS and 8 E. coli isolates from three river sources were isolated. In total, 29% of E. coli isolated from OBS and all of the E. coli isolated from water sources were resistant to at least one of the tested antimicrobials. Resistant phenotypes were observed with all antimicrobials except tigecycline, gentamicin, imipenem, and chloramphenicol. Multidrug resistance was observed in 2.6% of OBS and 37.5% of the water isolates. Also, 1.2% of the ESBL-producing E. coli were isolated from OBS, whereas 50% of the E. coli isolated from water sources were ESBL producers possessing the CTX-M-15 gene. The most concerning aspect of our findings was the presence of human-associated E. coli sequence types in the water samples, for example, ST156-complex156, ST10-complex10 and ST46. CONCLUSION This study reports the presence of multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing E. coli in OBSs and nearby aquatic sources in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmudur Rashid
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mufti Mahmud Rakib
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Badrul Hasan
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala Biomedical Centre (BMC), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; ;
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806
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Di Cesare A, Eckert EM, Teruggi A, Fontaneto D, Bertoni R, Callieri C, Corno G. Constitutive presence of antibiotic resistance genes within the bacterial community of a large subalpine lake. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:3888-900. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Di Cesare
- Microbial Ecology Group; National Research Council - Institute of Ecosystem Study (CNR-ISE); Largo Tonolli 50 28922 Verbania Italy
| | - Ester M. Eckert
- Microbial Ecology Group; National Research Council - Institute of Ecosystem Study (CNR-ISE); Largo Tonolli 50 28922 Verbania Italy
| | - Alessia Teruggi
- Microbial Ecology Group; National Research Council - Institute of Ecosystem Study (CNR-ISE); Largo Tonolli 50 28922 Verbania Italy
| | - Diego Fontaneto
- Microbial Ecology Group; National Research Council - Institute of Ecosystem Study (CNR-ISE); Largo Tonolli 50 28922 Verbania Italy
| | - Roberto Bertoni
- Microbial Ecology Group; National Research Council - Institute of Ecosystem Study (CNR-ISE); Largo Tonolli 50 28922 Verbania Italy
| | - Cristiana Callieri
- Microbial Ecology Group; National Research Council - Institute of Ecosystem Study (CNR-ISE); Largo Tonolli 50 28922 Verbania Italy
| | - Gianluca Corno
- Microbial Ecology Group; National Research Council - Institute of Ecosystem Study (CNR-ISE); Largo Tonolli 50 28922 Verbania Italy
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807
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Chen J, Zheng F, Guo R. Algal Feedback and Removal Efficiency in a Sequencing Batch Reactor Algae Process (SBAR) to Treat the Antibiotic Cefradine. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133273. [PMID: 26177093 PMCID: PMC4503666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many previous studies focused on the removal capability for contaminants when the algae grown in an unexposed, unpolluted environment and ignored whether the feedback of algae to the toxic stress influenced the removal capability in a subsequent treatment batch. The present research investigated and compared algal feedback and removal efficiency in a sequencing batch reactor algae process (SBAR) to remove cefradine. Three varied pollution load conditions (10, 30 and 60 mg/L) were considered. Compared with the algal characteristics in the first treatment batch at 10 and 30 mg/L, higher algal growth inhibition rates were observed in the second treatment batch (11.23% to 20.81%). In contrast, algae produced more photosynthetic pigments in response to cefradine in the second treatment batch. A better removal efficiency (76.02%) was obtained during 96 h when the alga treated the antibiotic at 60 mg/L in the first treatment batch and at 30 mg/L in the second treatment batch. Additionally, the removal rate per unit algal density was also improved when the alga treated the antibiotic at 30 or 60 mg/L in the first treatment batch, respectively and at 30 mg/L in the second treatment batch. Our result indicated that the green algae were also able to adapt to varied pollution loads in different treatment batches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiu Chen
- Department of Environmental Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengzhu Zheng
- Department of Environmental Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruixin Guo
- Department of Environmental Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
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808
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Identification of integrons and phylogenetic groups of drug-resistant Escherichia coli from broiler carcasses in China. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 211:51-6. [PMID: 26173199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The dissemination of drug-resistant Escherichia coli in poultry products is becoming a public concern, as it endangers food security and human health. It is very common for E. coli to exhibit drug resistance in the poultry industry in China due to the excessive use of antibiotics. However, few studies have examined the drug resistance endowed by integrons and integron-associated gene cassettes in different phylogenetic groups of E. coli isolated from broiler carcasses. In this study, 373 antibiotic-resistant E. coli strains were isolated from the surfaces or insides of broiler carcasses from a slaughterhouse in Shandong Province, China. According to phylogenetic assays of chuA, yjaA, and an anonymous DNA fragment, TSPE4-C2, these isolates belong to four phylogenetic groups (A, B1, B2, and D) and seven subgroups (A0, A1, B1, B21, B22, D1, and D2). Of the tested isolates, 95.71% (n=357) are multi-drug resistant, among which group B1 was predominant, accounting for 33.51% (n=125) of the tested isolates. A high percentage of the E. coli isolates were resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (99.20%, n=370), doxycycline (92.23%, n=344), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (90.88%, n=339), ciprofloxacin, (64.61%, n=241), sulbactam-cefoperazone (51.21%, n=191), and amikacin (33.78%, n=126). Furthermore, among the 373 isolates, class 1 and 2 integrons were identified in 292 (78.28%) and 49 (13.14%) of the isolates, respectively, while no class 3 integrons were detected. The most prevalent gene cassette arrays were dfrA17-aadA5 and dfrA12-orfF-aadA2 in the variable region of class 1 integrons, while only one gene cassette array (dfrA1-sat2-aadA1) was detected in the variable region of class 2 integrons. Class 1 integrons were distributed in various physiological subtypes, whereas no predominant phylogenetic groups could be identified. The presence of class 2 integrons in the B21 subtype was significantly higher than in the other subtypes, and it coexisted with the class 1 integron. This study suggests that broiler products are potential sources of multi-drug resistant E. coli, and that resistance genes could be spread by lateral gene transfer.
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809
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A function of SmeDEF, the major quinolone resistance determinant of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, is the colonization of plant roots. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 80:4559-65. [PMID: 24837376 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01058-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinolones are synthetic antibiotics, and the main cause of resistance to these antimicrobials is mutation of the genes encoding their targets. However, in contrast to the case for other organisms, such mutations have not been found in quinolone-resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates, in which overproduction of the SmeDEF efflux pump is a major cause of quinolone resistance. SmeDEF is chromosomally encoded and highly conserved in all studied S. maltophilia strains; it is an ancient element that evolved over millions of years in this species. It thus seems unlikely that its main function would be resistance to quinolones, a family of synthetic antibiotics not present in natural environments until the last few decades. Expression of SmeDEF is tightly controlled by the transcriptional repressor SmeT. Our work shows that plant-produced flavonoids can bind to SmeT, releasing it from smeDEF and smeT operators. Antibiotics extruded by SmeDEF do not impede the binding of SmeT to DNA. The fact that plant-produced flavonoids specifically induce smeDEF expression indicates that they are bona fide effectors regulating expression of this resistance determinant. Expression of efflux pumps is usually downregulated unless their activity is needed. Since smeDEF expression is triggered by plant-produced flavonoids, we reasoned that this efflux pump may have a role in the colonization of plants by S. maltophilia. Our results showed that, indeed, deletion of smeE impairs S. maltophilia colonization of plant roots. Altogether, our results indicate that quinolone resistance is a recent function of SmeDEF and that colonization of plant roots is likely one original function of this efflux pump.
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810
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Synthesis and antibacterial activities of cadiolides A, B and C and analogues. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:3618-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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811
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Characterization of BKC-1 class A carbapenemase from Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates in Brazil. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:5159-64. [PMID: 26055384 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00158-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Three Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates demonstrating carbapenem resistance were recovered from different patients hospitalized at two medical centers in São Paulo, Brazil. Resistance to all β-lactams, quinolones, and some aminoglycosides was observed for these isolates that were susceptible to polymyxin B. Carbapenem hydrolysis, which was inhibited by clavulanic acid, was observed for all K. pneumoniae isolates that belonged to the same pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) type and a novel sequence type (ST), ST1781 (clonal complex 442 [CC442]). A 10-kb nonconjugative incompatibility group Q (IncQ) plasmid, denominated p60136, was transferred to Escherichia coli strain TOP10 cells by electroporation. The full sequencing of p60136 showed that it was composed of a mobilization system, ISKpn23, the phosphotransferase aph3A-VI, and a 941-bp open reading frame (ORF) that codified a 313-amino acid protein. This ORF was named bla BKC-1. Brazilian Klebsiella carbapenemase-1 (BKC-1) showed a pI of 6.0 and possessed the highest identity (63%) with a β-lactamase of Sinorhizobium meliloti, an environmental bacterium. Hydrolysis studies demonstrated that purified BKC-1 not only hydrolyzed carbapenems but also penicillins, cephalosporins, and monobactams. However, the carbapenems were less efficiently hydrolyzed due to their very low kcat values (0.0016 to 0.031 s(-1)). In fact, oxacillin was the best substrate for BKC-1 (kcat /Km , 53,522.6 mM(-1) s(-1)). Here, we report a new class A carbapenemase, confirming the diversity and rapid evolution of β-lactamases in K. pneumoniae clinical isolates.
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812
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Devarajan N, Laffite A, Graham ND, Meijer M, Prabakar K, Mubedi JI, Elongo V, Mpiana PT, Ibelings BW, Wildi W, Poté J. Accumulation of clinically relevant antibiotic-resistance genes, bacterial load, and metals in freshwater lake sediments in Central Europe. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:6528-6537. [PMID: 25933054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) receive the effluents from various sources (communities, industrial, and hospital effluents) and are recognized as reservoir for antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) that are associated with clinical pathogens. The aquatic environment is considered a hot-spot for horizontal gene transfer, and lake sediments offer the opportunity for reconstructing the pollution history and evaluating the impacts. In this context, variation with depth and time of the total bacterial load, the abundance of faecal indicator bacteria (FIB; E. coli and Enterococcus spp. (ENT)), Pseudomonas spp., and ARGs (blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaNDM, and aadA) were quantified in sediment profiles of different parts of Lake Geneva using quantitative PCR. The abundance of bacterial marker genes was identified in sediments contaminated by WWTP following eutrophication of the lake. Additionally, ARGs, including the extended-spectrum ß-lactam- and aminoglycoside-resistance genes, were identified in the surface sediments. The ARG and FIB abundance strongly correlated (r ≥ 0.403, p < 0.05, n = 34) with organic matter and metal concentrations in the sediments, indicating a common and contemporary source of contamination. The contamination of sediments by untreated or partially treated effluent water can affect the quality of ecosystem. Therefore, the reduction of contaminants from the source is recommended for further improvement of water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Devarajan
- †University of Geneva, Faculty of Sciences, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Institute F. A. Forel and Institute of Environmental Sciences, Case Postale 416, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
| | - Amandine Laffite
- †University of Geneva, Faculty of Sciences, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Institute F. A. Forel and Institute of Environmental Sciences, Case Postale 416, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
| | - Neil D Graham
- †University of Geneva, Faculty of Sciences, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Institute F. A. Forel and Institute of Environmental Sciences, Case Postale 416, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
| | - Maria Meijer
- †University of Geneva, Faculty of Sciences, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Institute F. A. Forel and Institute of Environmental Sciences, Case Postale 416, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
| | - Kandasamy Prabakar
- ‡Postgraduate and Research Department of Zoology, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli, 620020 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Josué I Mubedi
- §Université Pédagogique Nationale, Croisement Route de Matadi et Avenue de la Libération, Quartier Binza/UPN, Boı̂te Postale 8815, Kinshasa, République Démocratique du Congo
| | - Vicky Elongo
- ∥Université de Kinshasa, Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines, Département des Sciences de l'Information et de la Communication, Boı̂te Postale 243, Kinshasa XI, République Démocratique du Congo
| | - Pius T Mpiana
- ⊥University of Kinshasa, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Boı̂te Postale 190, Kinshasa XI, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Bastiaan Willem Ibelings
- †University of Geneva, Faculty of Sciences, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Institute F. A. Forel and Institute of Environmental Sciences, Case Postale 416, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
| | - Walter Wildi
- †University of Geneva, Faculty of Sciences, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Institute F. A. Forel and Institute of Environmental Sciences, Case Postale 416, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
| | - John Poté
- †University of Geneva, Faculty of Sciences, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Institute F. A. Forel and Institute of Environmental Sciences, Case Postale 416, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
- §Université Pédagogique Nationale, Croisement Route de Matadi et Avenue de la Libération, Quartier Binza/UPN, Boı̂te Postale 8815, Kinshasa, République Démocratique du Congo
- ⊥University of Kinshasa, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Boı̂te Postale 190, Kinshasa XI, Democratic Republic of the Congo
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813
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Hollowell AC, Gano KA, Lopez G, Shahin K, Regus JU, Gleason N, Graeter S, Pahua V, Sachs JL. Native California soils are selective reservoirs for multidrug-resistant bacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2015; 7:442-449. [PMID: 25625724 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Soil bacteria can exhibit extensive antibiotic resistomes and act as reservoirs of important antibiotic resistance traits. However, the geographic sources and evolutionary drivers of resistance traits are poorly understood in these natural settings. We investigated the prevalence, spatial structure and evolutionary drivers of multidrug resistance in natural populations of Bradyrhizobium, a cosmopolitan bacterial lineage that thrives in soil and aquatic systems as well as in plant and human hosts. We genotyped > 400 isolates from plant roots and soils across California and assayed 98 of them for resistance traits against 17 clinically relevant antibiotics. We investigated the geographic and phylogenetic structure of resistance traits, and analysed correlations of resistance with strain abundance, host infection capacity and in vitro fitness. We found: (i) multidrug resistance at all sites, (ii) subsets of resistance traits that are spatially structured and (iii) significant associations between resistance traits and increased strain abundance or host infection capacity. Our results highlight multiple selective factors that can result in the spread of resistance traits in native Bradyrhizobium populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelsey A Gano
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Gabriel Lopez
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Kareem Shahin
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - John U Regus
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | - Stefanie Graeter
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Victor Pahua
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Joel L Sachs
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
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814
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Field W, Hershberg R. Alarmingly High Segregation Frequencies of Quinolone Resistance Alleles within Human and Animal Microbiomes Are Not Explained by Direct Clinical Antibiotic Exposure. Genome Biol Evol 2015; 7:1743-57. [PMID: 26019163 PMCID: PMC4494058 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evv102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance poses a major threat to human health. It is therefore important to characterize the frequency of resistance within natural bacterial environments. Many studies have focused on characterizing the frequencies with which horizontally acquired resistance genes segregate within natural bacterial populations. Yet, very little is currently understood regarding the frequency of segregation of resistance alleles occurring within the housekeeping targets of antibiotics. We surveyed a large number of metagenomic datasets extracted from a large variety of host-associated and non host-associated environments for such alleles conferring resistance to three groups of broad spectrum antibiotics: streptomycin, rifamycins, and quinolones. We find notable segregation frequencies of resistance alleles occurring within the target genes of each of the three antibiotics, with quinolone resistance alleles being the most frequent and rifamycin resistance alleles being the least frequent. Resistance allele frequencies varied greatly between different phyla and as a function of environment. The frequency of quinolone resistance alleles was especially high within host-associated environments, where it averaged an alarming ∼40%. Within host-associated environments, resistance to quinolones was most often conferred by a specific resistance allele. High frequencies of quinolone resistance alleles were also found within hosts that were not directly treated with antibiotics. Therefore, the high segregation frequency of quinolone resistance alleles occurring within the housekeeping targets of antibiotics in host-associated environments does not seem to be the sole result of clinical antibiotic usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Field
- Rachel & Menachem Mendelovitch Evolutionary Processes of Mutation & Natural Selection Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ruth Hershberg
- Rachel & Menachem Mendelovitch Evolutionary Processes of Mutation & Natural Selection Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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815
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Effect of temperature on removal of antibiotic resistance genes by anaerobic digestion of activated sludge revealed by metagenomic approach. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:7771-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6688-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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816
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Ma S, Zhan S, Jia Y, Zhou Q. Highly Efficient Antibacterial and Pb(II) Removal Effects of Ag-CoFe2O4-GO Nanocomposite. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:10576-10586. [PMID: 25905556 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b02209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ag-CoFe2O4-graphene oxide (Ag-CoFe2O4-GO) nanocomposite was synthesized by doping silver and CoFe2O4 nanoparticles on the surface of GO, which was used to purify both bacteria and Pb(II) contaminated water. The Ag-CoFe2O4-GO nanomaterial was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and magnetic property tests. It can be found that Ag-CoFe2O4-GO nanocomposite exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus compared with CoFe2O4, Ag-CoFe2O4, and CoFe2O4-GO composite. This superior disinfecting effect was possibly attributed to the combination of GO nanosheets and Ag nanoparticles. Several antibacterial factors including temperature, time, and pH were also investigated. It was obvious that E. coli was more susceptible than S. aureus toward all the four types of nanomaterials. The structural difference of bacterial membranes should be responsible for the resistant discrepancy. We also found that Ag-CoFe2O4-GO inactivated both bacteria in an irreversibly stronger manner than Ag-CoFe2O4 and CoFe2O4-GO. The Pb(II) removal efficiency with all the nanomaterials showed significant dependence on the surface area and zeta potential of the materials. In this work, not only did we demonstrate the simultaneous superior removal efficiency of bacteria and Pb(II) by Ag-CoFe2O4-GO but also the antibacterial mechanism was discussed to have a better understanding of the interaction between Ag-CoFe2O4-GO and bacteria. In a word, taking into consideration the easy magnetic separation, bulk availability, and irreversibly high antibacterial activity of Ag-CoFe2O4-GO, it is the very promising candidate material for advanced antimicrobial or Pb(II) contaminated water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanglong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Sihui Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Qixing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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817
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Valdezate S, Garrido N, Carrasco G, Villalón P, Medina-Pascual MJ, Saéz-Nieto JA. Resistance gene pool to co-trimoxazole in non-susceptible Nocardia strains. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:376. [PMID: 25972856 PMCID: PMC4412068 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The soil-borne pathogen Nocardia sp. causes severe cutaneous, pulmonary, and central nervous system infections. Against them, co-trimoxazole (SXT) constitutes the mainstay of antimicrobial therapy. However, some Nocardia strains show resistance to SXT, but the underlying genetic basis is unknown. We investigated the presence of genetic resistance determinants and class 1–3 integrons in 76 SXT-resistant Nocardia strains by PCR and sequencing. By E test, these clinical strains showed SXT minimum inhibitory concentrations of ≥32:608 mg/L (ratio of 1:19 for trimethoprim: sulfamethoxazole). They belonged to 12 species, being the main representatives Nocardia farcinica (32%), followed by N. flavorosea (6.5%), N. nova (11.8%), N. carnea (10.5%), N. transvalensis (10.5%), and Nocardia sp. (6.5%). The prevalence of resistance genes in the SXT-resistant strains was as follows: sul1 and sul2 93.4 and 78.9%, respectively, dfrA(S1) 14.7%, blaTEM-1 and blaZ 2.6 and 2.6%, respectively, VIM-2 1.3%, aph(3′)-IIIa 40.8%, ermA, ermB, mefA, and msrD 2.6, 77.6, 14.4, and 5.2%, respectively, and tet(O), tet(M), and tet(L) 48.6, 25.0, and 3.9%, respectively. Detected amino acid changes in GyrA were not related to fluoroquinolone resistance, but probably linked to species polymorphism. Class 1 and 3 integrons were found in 93.42 and 56.57% strains, respectively. Class 2 integrons and sul3 genes were not detected. Other mechanisms, different than dfrA(S1), dfrD, dfrF, dfrG, and dfrK, could explain the strong trimethoprim resistance shown by the other 64 strains. For first time, resistance determinants commonly found in clinically important bacteria were detected in Nocardia sp. sul1, sul2, erm(B), and tet(O) were the most prevalent in the SXT-resistant strains. The similarity in their resistome could be due to a common genetic platform, in which these determinants are co-transferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Valdezate
- Servicio de Bacteriología and Taxonomía, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia Garrido
- Servicio de Bacteriología and Taxonomía, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Carrasco
- Servicio de Bacteriología and Taxonomía, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Villalón
- Servicio de Bacteriología and Taxonomía, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Medina-Pascual
- Servicio de Bacteriología and Taxonomía, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A Saéz-Nieto
- Servicio de Bacteriología and Taxonomía, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain
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818
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Martínez JL, Coque TM, Baquero F. Prioritizing risks of antibiotic resistance genes in all metagenomes. Nat Rev Microbiol 2015; 13:396. [PMID: 25915635 DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro3399-c2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José L Martínez
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, Madrid Spain; and the Unidad de Resistencia a Antibióticos y Virulencia Bacteriana asociada al CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa M Coque
- Unidad de Resistencia a Antibióticos y Virulencia Bacteriana asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain; and the Departamento de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid 28034, Spain
| | - Fernando Baquero
- Unidad de Resistencia a Antibióticos y Virulencia Bacteriana asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain; and the Departamento de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid 28034, Spain
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819
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Hospital-associated microbiota and implications for nosocomial infections. Trends Mol Med 2015; 21:427-32. [PMID: 25907678 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The rise of high-throughput sequencing technologies and culture-independent microbial surveys has the potential to revolutionize our understanding of how microbes colonize, move about, and evolve in hospital environments. Genome analysis of individual organisms, characterization of population dynamics, and microbial community ecology are facilitating the identification of novel pathogens, the tracking of disease outbreaks, and the study of the evolution of antibiotic resistance. Here we review the recent applications of these methods to microbial ecology studies in hospitals and discuss their potential to influence hospital management policy and practice and to reduce nosocomial infections and the spread of antibiotic resistance.
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820
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Alexander J, Bollmann A, Seitz W, Schwartz T. Microbiological characterization of aquatic microbiomes targeting taxonomical marker genes and antibiotic resistance genes of opportunistic bacteria. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 512-513:316-325. [PMID: 25634736 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The dissemination of medically relevant antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) (blaVIM-1, vanA, ampC, ermB, and mecA) and opportunistic bacteria (Enterococcus faecium/faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus aureus, and CNS) was determined in different anthropogenically influenced aquatic habitats in a selected region of Germany. Over a period of two years, four differently sized wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with and without clinical influence, three surface waters, four rain overflow basins, and three groundwater sites were analyzed by quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR). Results were calculated in cell equivalents per 100 ng of total DNA extracted from water samples and per 100 mL sample volume, which seems to underestimate the abundance of antibiotic resistance and opportunistic bacteria. High abundances of opportunistic bacteria and ARG were quantified in clinical wastewaters and influents of the adjacent WWTP. The removal capacities of WWTP were up to 99% for some, but not all investigated bacteria. The abundances of most ARG targets were found to be increased in the bacterial population after conventional wastewater treatment. As a consequence, downstream surface water and also some groundwater compartments displayed high abundances of all four ARGs. It became obvious that the dynamics of the ARG differed from the fate of the opportunistic bacteria. This underlines the necessity of an advanced microbial characterization of anthropogenically influenced environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Alexander
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)-Campus North, Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Microbiology at Natural and Technical Interfaces Department, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anna Bollmann
- Zweckverband Landeswasserversorgung, Betriebs- und Forschungslaboratorium, Am Spitzigen Berg 1, 89129 Langenau, Germany
| | - Wolfram Seitz
- Zweckverband Landeswasserversorgung, Betriebs- und Forschungslaboratorium, Am Spitzigen Berg 1, 89129 Langenau, Germany
| | - Thomas Schwartz
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)-Campus North, Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Microbiology at Natural and Technical Interfaces Department, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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821
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Abstract
Integrons are versatile gene acquisition systems commonly found in bacterial genomes. They are ancient elements that are a hot spot for genomic complexity, generating phenotypic diversity and shaping adaptive responses. In recent times, they have had a major role in the acquisition, expression, and dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes. Assessing the ongoing threats posed by integrons requires an understanding of their origins and evolutionary history. This review examines the functions and activities of integrons before the antibiotic era. It shows how antibiotic use selected particular integrons from among the environmental pool of these elements, such that integrons carrying resistance genes are now present in the majority of Gram-negative pathogens. Finally, it examines the potential consequences of widespread pollution with the novel integrons that have been assembled via the agency of human antibiotic use and speculates on the potential uses of integrons as platforms for biotechnology.
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822
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Zhang H, Luo Y, Wu L, Huang Y, Christie P. Residues and potential ecological risks of veterinary antibiotics in manures and composts associated with protected vegetable farming. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:5908-5918. [PMID: 25354434 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3731-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Veterinary antibiotics (VAs) are emerging contaminants and enter into soil principally by agricultural application of organic fertilizer. A total of 33 solid animal manures and 17 compost samples from protected vegetable farms in nine areas of China were analyzed for the antibiotic classes of tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, and macrolides (17 substances in total). Oxytetracycline was found as a dominant compound in the samples, and its highest concentration reached 416.8 mg kg(-1) in a chicken manure sample from Shouguang, Shandong Province. Among the samples, animal manures (especially pig manure) contained higher VA residues than composts. However, fluoroquinolones exhibited higher persistence in the compost samples than other antibiotic classes. This is particularly the case in the rice husk compost, which contained the highest level of ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin (1334.5 and 1717.4 μg kg(-1) on average, respectively). The veterinary antibiotic profile in the risk husk compost had a good relationship with that in the corresponding manures. The refined commercial compost had the lowest VA residues among the compost samples in general. This implied that composting process might be important to reduce the antibiotic residue. High residue of antibiotics in soil was assumed to be a hazard to ecosystem. This is especially noticeable under current application rates (150 t ha(-1) a(-1)) in protected vegetable farming because over half of the samples exhibited a risk quotient (RQ) >1 for one or more antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Zhang
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
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823
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Novovic K, Filipic B, Veljovic K, Begovic J, Mirkovic N, Jovcic B. Environmental waters and blaNDM-1 in Belgrade, Serbia: endemicity questioned. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 511:393-398. [PMID: 25569574 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) will soon become the most commonly isolated and distributed metallo-beta-lactamase worldwide due to its rapid international dissemination and its ability to be expressed by numerous Gram-negative pathogens. NDM-positive bacteria pose a significant public health threat in the Indian subcontinent and the Balkans, which have been designated as endemic regions. Our study was focused on urban rivers, a lake and springheads as a potential source of NDM-1-producing strains in Serbia, but also as a source of other metallo-beta-lactamases and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria. A total of 69 beta-lactam resistant isolates, belonging to 12 bacterial genera, were collected from 8 out of 10 different locations in Belgrade, of which the most were from a popular recreational site, Ada Ciganlija Lake. Phenotypic tests revealed 7 (10.14%) ESBL-producing isolates and 39 (56.52%) isolates resistant to imipenem, of which 32 were positive for metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) production. PCR and sequencing revealed the presence of genetic determinants for SHV (3 isolates), DHA-1 (1 isolate) and CMY-2 (1 isolate) beta-lactamases. However, we did not detect any NDM-1-producing strains (previously described cases of NDM-1 from Serbia were limited to Belgrade), so we propose that Serbian NDM-1 is in fact a transplant and a nosocomial, rather than an environmental, issue and that Serbia is not an endemic region for NDM-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Novovic
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Vojvode Stepe 444a, P.O. Box 23, 11010 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - B Filipic
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Vojvode Stepe 444a, P.O. Box 23, 11010 Belgrade, Serbia; University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - K Veljovic
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Vojvode Stepe 444a, P.O. Box 23, 11010 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - J Begovic
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Vojvode Stepe 444a, P.O. Box 23, 11010 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - N Mirkovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina 6, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - B Jovcic
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Vojvode Stepe 444a, P.O. Box 23, 11010 Belgrade, Serbia; University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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824
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Zhang Z, Lan H, Liu H, Qu J. Removal of tetracycline antibiotics from aqueous solution by amino-Fe (III) functionalized SBA15. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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825
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Perron GG, Whyte L, Turnbaugh PJ, Goordial J, Hanage WP, Dantas G, Desai MM. Functional characterization of bacteria isolated from ancient arctic soil exposes diverse resistance mechanisms to modern antibiotics. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0069533. [PMID: 25807523 PMCID: PMC4373940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Using functional metagenomics to study the resistomes of bacterial communities isolated from different layers of the Canadian high Arctic permafrost, we show that microbial communities harbored diverse resistance mechanisms at least 5,000 years ago. Among bacteria sampled from the ancient layers of a permafrost core, we isolated eight genes conferring clinical levels of resistance against aminoglycoside, β-lactam and tetracycline antibiotics that are naturally produced by microorganisms. Among these resistance genes, four also conferred resistance against amikacin, a modern semi-synthetic antibiotic that does not naturally occur in microorganisms. In bacteria sampled from the overlaying active layer, we isolated ten different genes conferring resistance to all six antibiotics tested in this study, including aminoglycoside, β-lactam and tetracycline variants that are naturally produced by microorganisms as well as semi-synthetic variants produced in the laboratory. On average, we found that resistance genes found in permafrost bacteria conferred lower levels of resistance against clinically relevant antibiotics than resistance genes sampled from the active layer. Our results demonstrate that antibiotic resistance genes were functionally diverse prior to the anthropogenic use of antibiotics, contributing to the evolution of natural reservoirs of resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel G. Perron
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, United States of America
- Department of Evolutionary and Organismic Biology, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, United States of America
- Biology Program, Bard College, 30 Campus Road, Annandale-on-Hudson, New York, 12504, United States of America
| | - Lyle Whyte
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Peter J. Turnbaugh
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hooper Foundation, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, California, 94143, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline Goordial
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - William P. Hanage
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public School, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, United States of America
| | - Gautam Dantas
- Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri, 63108, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Park Forest Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri, 63108, United States of America
| | - Michael M. Desai
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, United States of America
- Department of Evolutionary and Organismic Biology, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, United States of America
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, United States of America
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826
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Guo M, Ding S, Zhao C, Gu X, He X, Huang K, Luo Y, Liang Z, Tian H, Xu W. Red Ginseng and Semen Coicis can improve the structure of gut microbiota and relieve the symptoms of ulcerative colitis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 162:7-13. [PMID: 25554637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Many Chinese herbs are traditionally used as medicine to improve the functions of gastrointestinal tract. Some of these herbs are also promising agents for the improvement of the gut microbiota and the treatment of ulcerative colitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS By screening seven traditional Chinese herbs, we found that Red Ginseng and Semen Coicis were the most effective in promoting the growth of probiotics including Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in vitro. We then evaluated the effects of Red Ginseng and Semen Coicis on the growth of the bacterial pathogens (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella spp.) in vitro. In in vivo experiment, we gavage administrated trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid induced ulcerative colitis (UC) rats with Red Ginseng and Semen Coicis extracts. After two weeks treatment, we analyzed the structure of the gut microbiota and examined the UC symptoms by employing qPCR and animal pathology detection techniques. RESULTS Both Red Ginseng and Semen Coicis promoted the growth of probiotics - Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in vitro. Red Ginseng also inhibited the growth of some pathogen strains. In vivo, Red Ginseng and Semen Coicis improved the structure of gut microbiota and relieved the symptoms of ulcerative colitis in vivo. Compared with Semen Coicis, Red Ginseng was more effective in relieving the symptoms of ulcerative colitis. CONCLUSIONS Red Ginseng could promote the growth of probiotic bacteria in vitro. Red Ginseng and, to a lesser extent Semen Coicis, gave positive results in an experimental in vivo model for ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhang Guo
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Shuo Ding
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China; College of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, PR China
| | - Changhui Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Xinxi Gu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, PR China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Kunlun Huang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yunbo Luo
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Zhihong Liang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Hongtao Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, PR China.
| | - Wentao Xu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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827
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Tam HK, Wong CMVL, Yong ST, Blamey J, González M. Multiple-antibiotic-resistant bacteria from the maritime Antarctic. Polar Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-015-1671-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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828
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Perron GG, Inglis RF, Pennings PS, Cobey S. Fighting microbial drug resistance: a primer on the role of evolutionary biology in public health. Evol Appl 2015; 8:211-22. [PMID: 25861380 PMCID: PMC4380916 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although microbes have been evolving resistance to antimicrobials for millennia, the spread of resistance in pathogen populations calls for the development of new drugs and treatment strategies. We propose that successful, long-term resistance management requires a better understanding of how resistance evolves in the first place. This is an opportunity for evolutionary biologists to engage in public health, a collaboration that has substantial precedent. Resistance evolution has been an important tool for developing and testing evolutionary theory, especially theory related to the genetic basis of new traits and constraints on adaptation. The present era is no exception. The articles in this issue highlight the breadth of current research on resistance evolution and also its challenges. In this introduction, we review the conceptual advances that have been achieved from studying resistance evolution and describe a path forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel G Perron
- Department of Biology, Bard College Annandale-on-Hudson, NY, USA
| | - R Fredrik Inglis
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pleuni S Pennings
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Cobey
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago Chicago, IL, USA
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829
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Tang J, Shi T, Wu X, Cao H, Li X, Hua R, Tang F, Yue Y. The occurrence and distribution of antibiotics in Lake Chaohu, China: seasonal variation, potential source and risk assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 122:154-161. [PMID: 25479810 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The distribution and seasonal variation of fifteen antibiotics belonging to three classes (sulfonamides, fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines) were investigated in Lake Chaohu, China. The concentrations of the selected antibiotics in the surface water, eight major inflowing rivers and sewage treatment plant (STP) samples were analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS. The results indicated that sulfamethoxazole and ofloxacin were the predominant antibiotics, with maximum concentrations of 95.6 and 383.4ngL(-1), respectively, in the river samples. In Lake Chaohu, the western inflowing rivers (the Nanfei and Shiwuli Rivers) were the primary import routes for the antibiotics, and the domestic effluent from four STPs were considered the primary source of the antibiotics. The level of antibiotics in Lake Chaohu clearly varied with seasonal changes, and the highest detectable frequencies and mean concentrations were found during the winter. The quality of water downstream of Lake Chaohu was influenced by the lake, and the results of risk assessment of the antibiotics on aquatic organisms suggested that sulfamethoxazole, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin in the surface water of Lake Chaohu and inflowing rivers might pose a high risk to algae and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tang
- School of Resource and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Taozhong Shi
- School of Resource and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiangwei Wu
- School of Resource and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Haiqun Cao
- School of Resource and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xuede Li
- School of Resource and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Rimao Hua
- School of Resource and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Feng Tang
- International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yongde Yue
- International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China
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830
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Blom K. Drainage systems, an occluded source of sanitation related outbreaks. Arch Public Health 2015; 73:8. [PMID: 25722855 PMCID: PMC4342212 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-014-0056-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drainage systems and its role in sanitation related outbreaks are evident but still occluded once it has been installed. This current review evaluates if drainage systems can cause infections and thus be of clinical concern. METHOD A review of the literature was analyzed. Papers, guidelines, and quality management systems have been considered. RESULTS Adequate sanitation is fundamental and a prerequisite for safe life and productivity. In contrast, malfunctioning sanitation has been reported to cause outbreaks all over the world. In areas with no sanitation, diarrheal mortality is high and has been shown to decrease by 36% after interventions to improve sanitation. Often, infections are faeces associated and when present in wastewater and sewage sludge poses a high risk of infection upon exposure. Hence, there are working safety guidelines and in industries where infection reduction is essential strict quality assurance systems, i.e. HACCP (hazard analysis critical control points) and GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) must be complied. Healthcare has recently taken interest in the HACCP system in their efforts to reduce healthcare associated infections as a response to increasing number of ineffective antibiotics and the threat of mortality rate like the pre-antibiotic era. The last few years have called for immediate action to contain the emergence of increasing resistant microorganisms. Resistance is obtained as a result of overuse and misuse of antibiotics in both healthcare and agriculture. Also, by the discharge of antibiotics from manufacturers, healthcare and society. One mechanism of development of novel resistant pathogens has been shown to be by effortless sharing of genetic mobile elements coding for resistance from microbes in the environment to human microbes. These pathogens have been sampled from the drainage systems. These were noticed owing to their possession of an unusual antibiotic resistance profile linking them to the outbreak. Often the cause of sanitation related outbreaks is due to inadequate sanitation and maintenance. However, in general these infections probably go unnoticed. CONCLUSION Drainage systems and its maintenance, if neglected, could pose a threat in both community and healthcare causing infections as well as emergence of multi-resistant bacteria that could cause unpredictable clinical manifestations.
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831
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Tan SWB, Chai CLL, Moloney MG, Thompson AL. Synthesis of Mimics of Pramanicin from Pyroglutamic Acid and Their Antibacterial Activity. J Org Chem 2015; 80:2661-75. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502810b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Song Wei Benjamin Tan
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, The University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
- Institute of Chemical
and Engineering Sciences (ICES), 8
Biomedical Grove, Neuros Building, #07-01/02/03, Singapore 138665
| | - Christina L. L. Chai
- Institute of Chemical
and Engineering Sciences (ICES), 8
Biomedical Grove, Neuros Building, #07-01/02/03, Singapore 138665
- Department
of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543
| | - Mark G. Moloney
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, The University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Amber L. Thompson
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, The University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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832
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Peng S, Wang Y, Zhou B, Lin X. Long-term application of fresh and composted manure increase tetracycline resistance in the arable soil of eastern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 506-507:279-286. [PMID: 25460961 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the occurrence, abundance, and diversity of tetracycline resistance genes (tet) in agricultural soils after 6 years' application of fresh or composted swine manure. Soil samples were collected from fresh or composted manure-treated farmland at three depths (0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, and 10-20 cm). Nine classes of tet genes [tetW, tetB(P), tetO, tetS, tetC, tetG, tetZ, tetL, and tetX] were detected; tetG, tetZ, tetL, and tetB(P) were predominant in the manure-treated soil. The abundances of tetB(P), tetW, tetC, and tetO were reduced, while tetG and tetL were increased by fertilizing with composted versus fresh manure; thus, the total abundance of tet genes was not significantly reduced by compost manuring. tetG was the most abundant gene in manure-treated soil; the predominant tetG genotypes shared high homology with pathogenic bacteria. The tetG isolates were more diverse in soils treated with fresh versus composted manure, although the residual tet genes in composted manure remain a pollutant and produce a different influence on the tet gene resistome in field soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71 Beijing East Road, Nanjing, 210008 Jiangsu Province, PR China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71 Beijing East Road, Nanjing, 210008 Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Beibei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71 Beijing East Road, Nanjing, 210008 Jiangsu Province, PR China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xiangui Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71 Beijing East Road, Nanjing, 210008 Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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833
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Increased levels of antibiotic resistance in urban stream of Jiulongjiang River, China. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:5697-707. [PMID: 25661810 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6416-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The rapid global urbanization and other extensive anthropogenic activities exacerbated the worldwide human health risks induced by antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Knowledge of the origins and dissemination of ARGs is essential for understanding modern resistome, while little information is known regarding the overall resistance levels in urban river. In this study, the abundance of multi-resistant bacteria (MRB) and ARGs was investigated using culture-based method and high-throughput qPCR in water samples collected from urban stream and source of Jiulongjiang River, China, respectively. The abundance of MRB (conferring resistance to three combinations of antibiotics and vancomycin) was significantly higher in urban samples. A total of 212 ARGs were detected among all the water samples, which encoded resistance to almost all major classes of antibiotics and encompassed major resistant mechanisms. The total abundance of ARGs in urban samples (ranging from 9.72 × 10(10) to 1.03 × 10(11) copies L(-1)) was over two orders of magnitude higher than that in pristine samples (7.18 × 10(8) copies L(-1)), accompanied with distinct ARGs structures, significantly higher diversity, and enrichment of ARGs. Significant correlations between the abundance of ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were observed, implicating the potential of horizontal transfer of ARGs. High abundance and enrichment of diverse ARGs and MGEs detected in urban river provide evidence that anthropogenic activities are responsible for the emergence and dissemination of ARGs to the urban river and management options should be taken into account for minimizing the spread of ARGs.
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834
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Tevyashova AN, Olsufyeva EN, Preobrazhenskaya MN. Design of dual action antibiotics as an approach to search for new promising drugs. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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835
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Kotlarska E, Łuczkiewicz A, Pisowacka M, Burzyński A. Antibiotic resistance and prevalence of class 1 and 2 integrons in Escherichia coli isolated from two wastewater treatment plants, and their receiving waters (Gulf of Gdansk, Baltic Sea, Poland). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:2018-30. [PMID: 25167818 PMCID: PMC4308648 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3474-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, antimicrobial-resistance patterns were analyzed in Escherichia coli isolates from raw (RW) and treated wastewater (TW) of two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), their marine outfalls (MOut), and mouth of the Vistula River (VR). Susceptibility of E. coli was tested against different classes of antibiotics. Isolates resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent were PCR tested for the presence of integrons. Ampicillin-resistant E. coli were the most frequent, followed by amoxicillin/clavulanate (up to 32 %), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (up to 20 %), and fluoroquinolone (up to 15 %)-resistant isolates. Presence of class 1 and 2 integrons was detected among tested E. coli isolates with rate of 32.06 % (n = 84) and 3.05 % (n = 8), respectively. The presence of integrons was associated with increased frequency of resistance to fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, amoxicillin/clavulanate, piperacillin/tazobactam, and presence of multidrug-resistance phenotype. Variable regions were detected in 48 class 1 and 5 class 2 integron-positive isolates. Nine different gene cassette arrays were confirmed among sequenced variable regions, with predominance of dfrA1-aadA1, dfrA17-aadA5, and aadA1 arrays. These findings illustrate the importance of WWTPs in spreading of resistance genes in the environment and the need for inclusion of at least monitoring efforts in the regular WWTP processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Kotlarska
- Genetics and Marine Biotechnology Department, Institute of Oceanology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstancow Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
| | - Aneta Łuczkiewicz
- Department of Water and Wastewater Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marta Pisowacka
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Artur Burzyński
- Genetics and Marine Biotechnology Department, Institute of Oceanology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstancow Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
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836
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Zhou Y, Xu YB, Xu JX, Zhang XH, Xu SH, Du QP. Combined toxic effects of heavy metals and antibiotics on a Pseudomonas fluorescens strain ZY2 isolated from swine wastewater. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:2839-50. [PMID: 25633105 PMCID: PMC4346868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16022839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A Pseudomonas fluorescens strain ZY2, isolated from swine wastewater, was used to investigate the synergistic effects of five heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr(VI) and Hg) on bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Results indicate that the combined effects of antibiotic type, heavy metal type and concentration were significant (p < 0.01). Cross-resistance to Hg and antibiotics was the most noticeable. Moreover, the resistance to Hg and cefradine or amoxicillin, and Cr and amoxicillin were synergistic for low heavy metal concentrations, and turned antagonistic with increasing concentrations, while the resistances to Cr or Cu and cefradine, Pb or Cu and amoxicillin, Cu and norfloxacin showed reverse effects. In addition, resistance to Zn and amoxicillin were always synergetic, while resistance to Pb and cefradine or norfloxacin, Cr or Hg and norfloxacin as well as all the heavy metals and tetracycline were antagonistic. These results indicate that bacterial resistance to antibiotics can be affected by the type and concentration of co-exposed heavy metals and may further threaten people’s health and ecological security severely via horizontal gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yan-Bin Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jia-Xin Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xiao-Hua Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Shi-Hui Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Qing-Ping Du
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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837
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Hou L, Yin G, Liu M, Zhou J, Zheng Y, Gao J, Zong H, Yang Y, Gao L, Tong C. Effects of sulfamethazine on denitrification and the associated N2O release in estuarine and coastal sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:326-333. [PMID: 25525860 DOI: 10.1021/es504433r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Denitrification is an important pathway of nitrogen removal and nitrous oxide (N2O) production in estuarine and coastal ecosystems, and plays a significant role in counteracting aquatic eutrophication induced by excessive nitrogen loads. Estuarine and coastal environments also suffer from increasing antibiotic contamination because of the growing production and usage of antibiotics. In this study, sediment slurry incubation experiments were conducted to determine the influence of sulfamethazine (SMT, a sulphonamide antibiotic) on denitrification and the associated N2O production. Genes important for denitrification and antibiotic resistance were quantified to investigate the microbial physiological mechanisms underlying SMT's effects on denitrification. SMT was observed to significantly inhibit denitrification rates, but increasing concentrations of SMT enhanced N2O release rates. The negative exponential relationships between denitrifying gene abundances and SMT concentrations showed that SMT reduced denitrification rates by restricting the growth of denitrifying bacteria, although the presence of the antibiotic resistance gene was detected during the incubation period. These results imply that the wide occurrence of residual antibiotics in estuarine and coastal ecosystems may influence eutrophication control, greenhouse effects, and atmospheric ozone depletion by inhibiting denitrification and stimulating the release of N2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University , 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
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838
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Martinez JL. General principles of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2015; 11:33-9. [PMID: 24847651 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Given the impact of antibiotic resistance on human health, its study is of great interest from a clinical view- point. In addition, antibiotic resistance is one of the few examples of evolution that can be studied in real time. Knowing the general principles involved in the acquisition of antibiotic resistance is therefore of interest to clinicians, evolutionary biologists and ecologists. The origin of antibiotic resistance genes now possessed by human pathogens can be traced back to environmental microorganisms. Consequently, a full understanding of the evolution of antibiotic resistance requires the study of natural environments as well as clinical ecosystems. Updated information on the evolutionary mechanisms behind resistance, indicates that ecological connectivity, founder effect and fitness costs are important bottle- necks that modulate the transfer of resistance from environmental microorganisms to pathogens.
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839
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Hua Y, Ou C, Chen G, Zhang X, Cai Y, Yang Z, Wang L, Chen M. Visualized detection of vancomycin by supramolecular hydrogelations. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14045e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report on a visualized detection system for vancomycin based on supramolecular hydrogelations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongquan Hua
- Department of Cardiology
- Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510280
- P. R. China
| | - Caiwen Ou
- Department of Cardiology
- Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510280
- P. R. China
| | - Guoqin Chen
- Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- College of Pharmacy
- Nankai University
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Yanbin Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- College of Pharmacy
- Nankai University
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Zhimou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- College of Pharmacy
- Nankai University
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- College of Pharmacy
- Nankai University
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Minsheng Chen
- Department of Cardiology
- Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510280
- P. R. China
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840
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Du Y, Feng Y, Guo R, Chen J. Enhancement by the artificial controlled culture for the algal treatment of antibiotic ceftazidime: a three-step response performance and high-removal efficiency. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra06855j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The improved activity of alga is critical for the biological enhanced treatment to remove contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxiang Du
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance
- Nanjing 210009
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
| | - Yunqing Feng
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Ruixin Guo
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Jianqiu Chen
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance
- Nanjing 210009
- China
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841
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Berglund B, Fick J, Lindgren PE. Urban wastewater effluent increases antibiotic resistance gene concentrations in a receiving northern European river. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2015; 34:192-6. [PMID: 25331227 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are an emerging global problem that threatens to undermine important advances in modern medicine. The environment is likely to play an important role in the dissemination of antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) among both environmental and pathogenic bacteria. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) accumulate both chemical and biological waste from the surrounding urban milieu and have therefore been viewed as potential hotspots for dissemination and development of antibiotic resistance. To assess the effect of wastewater effluent on a river that flows through a Swedish city, sediment and water samples were collected from Stångån River, both upstream and downstream of an adjacent WWTP over 3 mo. Seven ARGs and the integrase gene on class 1 integrons were quantified in the collected sediment using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to assess the abundance of 10 different antibiotics in the water phase of the samples. The results showed an increase in ARGs and integrons downstream of the WWTP. The measured concentrations of antibiotics were low in the water samples from the Stångån River, suggesting that selection for ARGs did not occur in the surface water. Instead, the downstream increase in ARGs is likely to be attributable to accumulation of genes present in the treated effluent discharged from the WWTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Berglund
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Medical Microbiology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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842
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Liang C, Zhao H, Deng M, Quan X, Chen S, Wang H. Impact of dissolved organic matter on the photolysis of the ionizable antibiotic norfloxacin. J Environ Sci (China) 2015; 27:115-123. [PMID: 25597669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2014.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Norfloxacin (NOR), an ionizable antibiotic frequently used in the aquaculture industry, has aroused public concern due to its persistence, bacterial resistance, and environmental ubiquity. Therefore, we investigated the photolysis of different species of NOR and the impact of a ubiquitous component of natural water - dissolved organic matter (DOM), which has a special photochemical activity and normally acts as a sensitizer or inhibiter in the photolysis of diverse organics; furthermore, scavenging experiments combined with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) were performed to evaluate the transformation of NOR in water. The results demonstated that NOR underwent direct photolysis and self-sensitized photolysis via hydroxyl radical (OH) and singlet oxygen ((1)O2) based on the scavenging experiments. In addition, DOM was found to influence the photolysis of different NOR species, and its impact was related to the concentration of DOM and type of NOR species. Photolysis of cationic NOR was photosensitized by DOM at low concentration, while zwitterionic and anionic NOR were photoinhibited by DOM, where quenching of OH predominated according to EPR experiments, accompanied by possible participation of excited triplet-state NOR and (1)O2. Photo-intermediate identification of different NOR species in solutions with/without DOM indicated that NOR underwent different photodegradation pathways including dechlorination, cleavage of the piperazine side chain and photooxidation, and DOM had little impact on the distribution but influenced the concentration evolution of photolysis intermediates. The results implied that for accurate ecological risk assessment of emerging ionizable pollutants, the impact of DOM on the environmental photochemical behavior of all dissociated species should not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Huimin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Minjie Deng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xie Quan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hua Wang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
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843
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Li T, Han X, Liang C, Shohag MJI, Yang X. Sorption of sulphamethoxazole by the biochars derived from rice straw and alligator flag. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 36:245-253. [PMID: 25413119 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2014.943299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The sorption ability of sulphamethoxazole (SMX) by biochar derived from rice straw (RS) and alligator flag (AF) at 600°C was studied to assess the ability of biochar as adsorbent to remove SMX from aqueous solution. The results indicated that sorption of SMX by biochars was well described using the Langmuir equation (R2>0.94), and the maximum sorption parameter (Q) of RS (3650 mg kg(-1)) was much higher than that of AF (1963 mg kg(-1)). Temperature had no effect on SMX sorption by biochars, while thermodynamics analysis indicated that the sorption of SMX on both biochars was a spontaneous physical process. The d 250 RS (diameter of RS sieved through 250 µm) and d 150 AF (diameter of AF sieved through 150 µm) showed excellent sorption ability for SMX. The sorption amount of RS was larger than that of AF when pH<7, whereas, the sorption amount of AF surpassed RS when pH≥7. The presence of Cu2+ and/or Cd2+ ion at low concentrations (20 mg L(-1)) significantly (P<0.05) increased the sorption of SMX on both RS and AF. Our study confirms that biochar derived from the wetland plants could be used as effective adsorbents to remove SMX from aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingqiang Li
- a Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , Peoples' Republic of China
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844
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Kirchner M, Mafura M, Hunt T, Abu-Oun M, Nunez-Garcia J, Hu Y, Weile J, Coates A, Card R, Anjum MF. Antimicrobial resistance characteristics and fitness of Gram-negative fecal bacteria from volunteers treated with minocycline or amoxicillin. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:722. [PMID: 25566232 PMCID: PMC4269195 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A yearlong study was performed to examine the effect of antibiotic administration on the bacterial gut flora. Gram-negative facultative anaerobic bacteria were recovered from the feces of healthy adult volunteers administered amoxicillin, minocycline or placebo, and changes determined in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene carriage. Seventy percent of the 1039 facultative anaerobic isolates recovered were identified by MALDI-TOF as Escherichia coli. A microarray used to determine virulence and resistance gene carriage demonstrated that AMR genes were widespread in all administration groups, with the most common resistance genes being blaTEM, dfr, strB, tet(A), and tet(B). Following amoxicillin administration, an increase in the proportion of amoxicillin resistant E. coli and a three-fold increase in the levels of blaTEM gene carriage was observed, an effect not observed in the other two treatment groups. Detection of virulence genes, including stx1A, indicated not all E. coli were innocuous commensals. Approximately 150 E. coli collected from 6 participants were selected for pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and a subset used for characterisation of plasmids and Phenotypic Microarrays (PM). PFGE indicated some E. coli clones had persisted in volunteers for up to 1 year, while others were transient. Although there were no unique characteristics associated with plasmids from persistent or transient isolates, PM assays showed transient isolates had greater adaptability to a range of antiseptic biocides and tetracycline; characteristics which were lost in some, but not all persistent isolates. This study indicates healthy individuals carry bacteria harboring resistance to a variety of antibiotics and biocides in their intestinal tract. Antibiotic administration can have a temporary effect of selecting bacteria, showing co-resistance to multiple antibiotics, some of which can persist within the gut for up to 1 year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Kirchner
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency Addlestone, UK
| | - Muriel Mafura
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency Addlestone, UK
| | - Theresa Hunt
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency Addlestone, UK
| | - Manal Abu-Oun
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency Addlestone, UK
| | - Javier Nunez-Garcia
- Specialist Scientific Services Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency Addlestone, UK
| | - Yanmin Hu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Infection and Immunity, St. George's University of London London, UK
| | - Jan Weile
- Institute for Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine at the Heart and Diabetes Centre NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| | - Anthony Coates
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Infection and Immunity, St. George's University of London London, UK
| | - Roderick Card
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency Addlestone, UK
| | - Muna F Anjum
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency Addlestone, UK
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845
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Nesme J, Simonet P. The soil resistome: a critical review on antibiotic resistance origins, ecology and dissemination potential in telluric bacteria. Environ Microbiol 2014; 17:913-30. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Nesme
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Bioengineering Departement, Laboratoire Ampère, CNRS UMR5005, Ecole Centrale de Lyon; Université de Lyon; 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue Ecully 69134 France
| | - Pascal Simonet
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Bioengineering Departement, Laboratoire Ampère, CNRS UMR5005, Ecole Centrale de Lyon; Université de Lyon; 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue Ecully 69134 France
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846
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Bengtsson-Palme J, Boulund F, Fick J, Kristiansson E, Larsson DGJ. Shotgun metagenomics reveals a wide array of antibiotic resistance genes and mobile elements in a polluted lake in India. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:648. [PMID: 25520706 PMCID: PMC4251439 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence for an environmental origin of many antibiotic resistance genes. Consequently, it is important to identify environments of particular risk for selecting and maintaining such resistance factors. In this study, we described the diversity of antibiotic resistance genes in an Indian lake subjected to industrial pollution with fluoroquinolone antibiotics. We also assessed the genetic context of the identified resistance genes, to try to predict their genetic transferability. The lake harbored a wide range of resistance genes (81 identified gene types) against essentially every major class of antibiotics, as well as genes responsible for mobilization of genetic material. Resistance genes were estimated to be 7000 times more abundant than in a Swedish lake included for comparison, where only eight resistance genes were found. The sul2 and qnrD genes were the most common resistance genes in the Indian lake. Twenty-six known and 21 putative novel plasmids were recovered in the Indian lake metagenome, which, together with the genes found, indicate a large potential for horizontal gene transfer through conjugation. Interestingly, the microbial community of the lake still included a wide range of taxa, suggesting that, across most phyla, bacteria has adapted relatively well to this highly polluted environment. Based on the wide range and high abundance of known resistance factors we have detected, it is plausible that yet unrecognized resistance genes are also present in the lake. Thus, we conclude that environments polluted with waste from antibiotic manufacturing could be important reservoirs for mobile antibiotic resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Bengtsson-Palme
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Boulund
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jerker Fick
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University Umeå, Sweden
| | - Erik Kristiansson
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - D G Joakim Larsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg, Sweden
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847
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Abstract
The genes responsible for antibiotics can spread between the three domains of life—Archaea, Bacteria and Eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Catchpole
- Ryan J Catchpole is in the Biomolecular Interaction Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Anthony M Poole
- Anthony M Poole is in the Biomolecular Interaction Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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848
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Role of secondary metabolites in establishment of the mutualistic partnership between Xenorhabdus nematophila and the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 81:754-64. [PMID: 25398871 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02650-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenorhabdus nematophila engages in a mutualistic partnership with the nematode Steinernema carpocapsae, which invades insects, migrates through the gut, and penetrates into the hemocoel (body cavity). We showed previously that during invasion of Manduca sexta, the gut microbe Staphylococcus saprophyticus appeared transiently in the hemocoel, while Enterococcus faecalis proliferated as X. nematophila became dominant. X. nematophila produces diverse secondary metabolites, including the major water-soluble antimicrobial xenocoumacin. Here, we study the role of X. nematophila antimicrobials in interspecies competition under biologically relevant conditions using strains lacking either xenocoumacin (ΔxcnKL strain), xenocoumacin and the newly discovered antibiotic F (ΔxcnKL:F strain), or all ngrA-derived secondary metabolites (ngrA strain). Competition experiments were performed in Grace's insect medium, which is based on lepidopteran hemolymph. S. saprophyticus was eliminated when inoculated into growing cultures of either the ΔxcnKL strain or ΔxcnKL:F strain but grew in the presence of the ngrA strain, indicating that ngrA-derived antimicrobials, excluding xenocoumacin or antibiotic F, were required to eliminate the competitor. In contrast, S. saprophyticus was eliminated when coinjected into M. sexta with either the ΔxcnKL or ngrA strain, indicating that ngrA-derived antimicrobials were not required to eliminate the competitor in vivo. E. faecalis growth was facilitated when coinjected with either of the mutant strains. Furthermore, nematode reproduction in M. sexta naturally infected with infective juveniles colonized with the ngrA strain was markedly reduced relative to the level of reproduction when infective juveniles were colonized with the wild-type strain. These findings provide new insights into interspecies competition in a host environment and suggest that ngrA-derived compounds serve as signals for in vivo nematode reproduction.
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849
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Ray P, Knowlton KF, Shang C, Xia K. Development and validation of a UPLC-MS/MS method to monitor cephapirin excretion in dairy cows following intramammary infusion. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112343. [PMID: 25375097 PMCID: PMC4223036 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cephapirin, a cephalosporin antibiotic, is used by the majority of dairy farms in the US. Fecal and urinary excretion of cephapirin could introduce this compound into the environment when manure is land applied as fertilizer, and may cause development of bacterial resistance to antibiotics critical for human health. The environmental loading of cephapirin by the livestock industry remains un-assessed, largely due to a lack of appropriate analytical methods. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and validate a cephapirin quantification method to capture the temporal pattern of cephapirin excretion in dairy cows following intramammary infusion. The method includes an extraction with phosphate buffer and methanol, solid-phase extraction (SPE) clean-up, and quantification using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The LOQ values of the developed method were 4.02 µg kg(-1) and 0.96 µg L(-1) for feces and urine, respectively. This robust method recovered >60% and >80% cephapirin from spiked blank fecal and urine samples, respectively, with acceptable intra- and inter-day variation (<10%). Using this method, we detected trace amounts (µg kg(-1)) of cephapirin in dairy cow feces, and cephapirin in urine was detected at very high concentrations (133 to 480 µg L(-1)). Cephapirin was primarily excreted via urine and its urinary excretion was influenced by day (P = 0.03). Peak excretion (2.69 mg) was on day 1 following intramammary infusion and decreased sharply thereafter (0.19, 0.19, 0.08, and 0.17 mg on day 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively) reflecting a quadratic pattern of excretion (Quadratic: P = 0.03). The described method for quantification of cephapirin in bovine feces and urine is sensitive, accurate, and robust and allowed to monitor the pattern of cephapirin excretion in dairy cows. This data will help develop manure segregation and treatment methods to minimize the risk of antibiotic loading to the environment from dairy farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Ray
- Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Katharine F. Knowlton
- Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Chao Shang
- Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Kang Xia
- Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
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850
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Development of a modified QUick, Easy, CHeap, Effective, Rugged and Safe method for the determination of multi-class antimicrobials in vegetables by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1368:52-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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