851
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Fiume L, Manerba M, Vettraino M, Di Stefano G. Effect of sorafenib on the energy metabolism of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 670:39-43. [PMID: 21924262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent data demonstrated that sorafenib impaired the oxidative phosphorylation of a rat myogenic cell line and suggested that this biochemical lesion can contribute to the cardiac toxicity caused by the drug. With the experiments reported here, we verified whether sorafenib inhibits oxidative phosphorylation also in cells from human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), which are treated with this drug. By using the HCC cell lines PLC/PRF/5 and SNU-449 we studied the effects of the drug on ATP cellular levels, oxygen consumption and aerobic glycolysis, a metabolic pathway generally used by neoplastic cells to meet their energy demand. The effect of sorafenib on ATP cellular levels was also studied in cells grown in a glucose-free medium, which only derive their energy from oxidative phosphorylation. We found that at clinically relevant concentrations sorafenib hindered oxidative phosphorylation, whereas at the same time stimulated aerobic glycolysis in glucose-grown cells, thus attenuating the cellular ATP depletion. These results support the impairment of oxidative phosphorylation as a mechanism contributing to the antineoplastic activity of sorafenib in the treatment of HCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Fiume
- Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Bologna, Italy
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852
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Kempf M, Kimble RM, Cuttle L. Cytotoxicity testing of burn wound dressings, ointments and creams: A method using polycarbonate cell culture inserts on a cell culture system. Burns 2011; 37:994-1000. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2011.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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853
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Thuillier R, Dutheil D, Trieu MTN, Mallet V, Allain G, Rousselot M, Denizot M, Goujon JM, Zal F, Hauet T. Supplementation with a new therapeutic oxygen carrier reduces chronic fibrosis and organ dysfunction in kidney static preservation. Am J Transplant 2011; 11:1845-60. [PMID: 21875432 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2011.03614.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Static preservation is currently the most widely used organ preservation strategy; however, decreased donor organ quality is impacting outcome negatively. M101 is an O₂ carrier with high-oxygen affinity and the capacity to function at low temperatures. We tested the benefits of M101 both in vitro, on cold preserved LLC-PK1, as well as in vivo, in a large white pig kidney autotransplantation model. In vitro, M101 supplementation reduced cold storage-induced cell death. In vivo, early follow-up demonstrated superiority of M101-supplemented solutions, lowering the peak of serum creatinine and increasing the speed of function recovery. On the longer term, supplementation with M101 reduced kidney inflammation levels and maintained structural integrity, particularly with University of Wisconsin (UW). At the end of the 3-month follow-up, M101 supplementation proved beneficial in terms of survival and function, as well as slowing the advance of interstitial fibrosis. We show that addition of M101 to classic organ preservation protocols with UW and Histidine-Tryptophane-Ketoglutarate, the two most widely used solutions worldwide in kidney preservation, provides significant benefits to grafts, both on early function recovery and outcome. Simple supplementation of the solution with M101 is easily translatable to the clinic and shows promises in terms of outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Thuillier
- Inserm U927, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, F86000, France
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854
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Is nitric oxide decrease observed with naphthoquinones in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages a beneficial property? PLoS One 2011; 6:e24098. [PMID: 21887376 PMCID: PMC3162593 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The search of new anti-inflammatory drugs has been a current preoccupation, due to the need of effective drugs, with less adverse reactions than those used nowadays. Several naphthoquinones (plumbagin, naphthazarin, juglone, menadione, diosquinone and 1,4-naphthoquinone), plus p-hydroquinone and p-benzoquinone were evaluated for their ability to cause a reduction of nitric oxide (NO) production, when RAW 264.7 macrophages were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Dexamethasone was used as positive control. Among the tested compounds, diosquinone was the only one that caused a NO reduction with statistical importance and without cytotoxicity: an IC25 of 1.09±0.24 µM was found, with 38.25±6.50% (p<0.001) NO reduction at 1.5 µM. In order to elucidate if this NO decrease resulted from the interference of diosquinone with cellular defence mechanisms against LPS or to its conversion into peroxynitrite, by reaction with superoxide radical formed by naphthoquinones redox cycling, 3-nitrotyrosine and superoxide determination was also performed. None of these parameters showed significant changes relative to control. Furthermore, diosquinone caused a decrease in the pro-inflammatory cytokines: tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Therefore, according to the results obtained, diosquinone, studied for its anti-inflammatory potential for the first time herein, has beneficial effects in inflammation control. This study enlightens the mechanisms of action of naphthoquinones in inflammatory models, by checking for the first time the contribution of oxidative stress generated by naphthoquinones to NO reduction.
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855
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Nogueira DR, Mitjans M, Infante MR, Vinardell MP. Comparative sensitivity of tumor and non-tumor cell lines as a reliable approach for in vitro cytotoxicity screening of lysine-based surfactants with potential pharmaceutical applications. Int J Pharm 2011; 420:51-8. [PMID: 21871545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Surfactants are used as additives in topical pharmaceuticals and drug delivery systems. The biocompatibility of amino acid-based surfactants makes them highly suitable for use in these fields, but tests are needed to evaluate their potential toxicity. Here we addressed the sensitivity of tumor (HeLa, MCF-7) and non-tumor (3T3, 3T6, HaCaT, NCTC 2544) cell lines to the toxic effects of lysine-based surfactants by means of two in vitro endpoints (MTT and NRU). This comparative assay may serve as a reliable approach for predictive toxicity screening of chemicals prior to pharmaceutical applications. After 24-h of cell exposure to surfactants, differing toxic responses were observed. NCTC 2544 and 3T6 cell lines were the most sensitive, while both tumor cells and 3T3 fibroblasts were more resistant to the cytotoxic effects of surfactants. IC(50)-values revealed that cytotoxicity was detected earlier by MTT assay than by NRU assay, regardless of the compound or cell line. The overall results showed that surfactants with organic counterions were less cytotoxic than those with inorganic counterions. Our findings highlight the relevance of the correct choice and combination of cell lines and bioassays in toxicity studies for a safe and reliable screen of chemicals with potential interest in pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Rubert Nogueira
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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856
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He X, Lv R, Wang K, Huang X, Wu W, Yin L, Liu Y. Cytoglobin Exhibits Anti-Fibrosis Activity on Liver In Vivo and In Vitro. Protein J 2011; 30:437-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s10930-011-9340-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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857
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Zhang Y, Yu W, Jiang X, Lv K, Sun S, Zhang F. Analysis of the cytotoxicity of differentially sized titanium dioxide nanoparticles in murine MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2011; 22:1933-45. [PMID: 21681655 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-011-4375-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
There is an increased use of nanophase titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) in bone implants and scaffolds. However, nano-debris is generated at the bone-biomaterial interface. Therefore, TiO(2) nanoparticles (NPs) of many sizes were investigated for cytotoxic effects on murine MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts. These TiO(2) NPs induced a time- and dose-dependent decrease in cell viability. There was a significant increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane permeability following short-term exposure of the cells to TiO(2) NPs. These NPs also increased granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) gene expression. Compared with the 32 nm TiO(2) NPs, 5 nm TiO(2) NPs were more toxic, induced more apoptosis, increased mitochondrial membrane permeability and stimulated more GM-CSF expression at a high concentration (≥100 μg/ml). The results implied that the differential toxicity was associated with variations in size, so more attention should be given to the toxicity of small NPs for the design of future materials for implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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858
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Dikmen M, Cantürk Z, Oztürk Y. Escitalopram oxalate, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, exhibits cytotoxic and apoptotic effects in glioma C6 cells. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2011; 23:173-8. [PMID: 25379795 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5215.2011.00550.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Dikmen M, Cantürk Z, Öztürk Y. Escitalopram oxalate, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, exhibits cytotoxic and apoptotic effects in glioma C6 cells.Objective: Various antidepressants, mainly tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), have been reported to exhibit potent anticancer properties in different cancer cells. In this study, we evaluated the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of escitalopram oxalate (25, 50, 100 and 200 µM) on rat C6 glioma cells.Methods: Cell proliferations were measured by [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2-5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay, apoptosis was observed by flow cytometric analysis on C6 cells.Results: Significant decreases in the proliferation of C6 glioma cells were detected depending on increases in the escitalopram concentrations and incubation periods. When compared to controls, C6 cell proliferations after 24 h incubation were determined with 97.7, 85.9, 74.5 and 67.9% for 25, 50, 100 and 200 µM escitalopram, respectively, while the cell proliferations after 48 h were established as 96.5, 68.0, 50.7 and 39.9% for 25, 50, 100 and 200 µM concentrations, respectively. IC50 value of escitalopram was able to be calculated as 106.97 µM after 48 h. Based on Annexin V-propidium iodide (PI) binding capacity for 25, 50, 100 and 200 µM escitalopram, apoptotic effects were determined as 17.0, 22.3, 12.5 and 7.8%, respectively.Conclusion: Based on our findings, escitalopram oxalate was observed to induce cytotoxic and apoptotic activities in C6 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriş Dikmen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Zerrin Cantürk
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Oztürk
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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859
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Kojic acid, a secondary metabolite from Aspergillus sp., acts as an inducer of macrophage activation. Cell Biol Int 2011; 35:335-43. [PMID: 21044044 DOI: 10.1042/cbi20100083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
KA (kojic acid) is a secondary metabolite isolated from Aspergillus fungi that has demonstrated skin whitening, antioxidant and antitumour properties among others. However, limited information is available regarding its effects on macrophages, the major cell involved in cell defence. The aim of the present study was to analyse whether KA affects functional properties related to macrophage activation, such as phagocytosis and spreading ability over a substrate. Treatment of resident macrophages with 50 μg/ml KA for 1 h induced both morphological and physiological alterations in cells. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed enhanced cell spreading and an increase in cell surface exposure, associated with a rearrangement of microtubules, actin filaments and intermediate filaments. KA also potentiated phagocytosis by macrophages, as demonstrated by the increase in phagocytic activity towards yeast, when compared to untreated cells. KA increased the production of ROS (reactive oxygen species), but not NO (nitric oxide) production. Three tests were used to assess cell viability; MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide], NR (neutral red) uptake and PI (propidium iodide) exclusion test, which showed that macrophages maintain their viability following KA treatment. Results indicate that KA can modulate macrophage activation through cytoskeleton rearrangement, increase cell surface exposure, enhance the phagocytic process and ROS production. The study demonstrates a new role for KA as a macrophage activator.
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860
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Ali D, Verma A, Mujtaba F, Dwivedi A, Hans R, Ray R. UVB-induced apoptosis and DNA damaging potential of chrysene via reactive oxygen species in human keratinocytes. Toxicol Lett 2011; 204:199-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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861
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Kim D, Kim S, Jo S, Woo J, Noh I. Effect of cross-linking spacers on biocompatibility of chitosan-spacer-poly(ethylene oxide) hydrogel. Macromol Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-011-0606-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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862
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Fröhlich E, Meindl C, Roblegg E, Griesbacher A, Pieber TR. Cytotoxity of nanoparticles is influenced by size, proliferation and embryonic origin of the cells used for testing. Nanotoxicology 2011; 6:424-39. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2011.586478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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863
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How to screen non-viral gene delivery systems in vitro? J Control Release 2011; 154:218-32. [PMID: 21600249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 05/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Screening of new gene delivery candidates regarding transfection efficiency and toxicity is usually performed by reading out transgene expression levels relative to a reference formulation after in vitro transfection. However, over the years and among different laboratories, this screening has been performed in a variety of cell lines, using a variety of conditions and read-out systems, and by comparison to a variety of reference formulations. This makes a direct comparison of results difficult, if not impossible. Reaching a consensus would enable placing new results into context of previous findings and estimate the overall contribution to the improvement of non-viral gene delivery. In this paper we illustrate the sensitivity of transfection outcomes on testing conditions chosen, and propose a screening protocol with the aim of standardization within the field.
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864
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Sengupta J, Khan MA, Huppertz B, Ghosh D. In-vitro effects of the antimicrobial peptide Ala8,13,18-magainin II amide on isolated human first trimester villous trophoblast cells. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2011; 9:49. [PMID: 21496281 PMCID: PMC3098154 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-9-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 04/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on antimicrobial cationic peptides (AMPs) has gained pace toward using their potential to replace conventional antibiotics. These peptides preferentially interact with negatively charged membrane lipids typically seen in bacteria and thereby lead to membrane perturbations and membrane dysfunction. However, one possible disadvantage of AMP drugs is their potential for toxicity, especially to those cells which display externalization of negatively charged moieties to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane during the process of syncytialization. Human placental villous trophoblast is one such cell type. Indeed, intra-vaginal administration of an antimicrobial cationic peptide Ala8,13,18-magainin II amide (AMA) which is a synthetic analogue of magainin 2 derived from Xenopus frog has been observed to result in inhibition of pregnancy establishment in monkeys. However, only little is known about the cellular behavior of early placental cytotrophoblasts (CTB) in the presence of cationic antimicrobial peptides. It is believed that suitable cell culture approaches using AMA as a representative alpha-helical AMP may yield tangible knowledge in this regard. METHODS Immunocytochemical (ICC) analyses using confocal microscopy (n = 6 for each treatment sub-group) and Western blot (WB) method (n = 5 for each treatment sub-group) of CTB differentiation based on synthesis of beta-hCG and hPL, and apoptosis based on apoptosis-associated cytokeratin 18 neo-epitope (CK18f) were performed for CTB isolated from human first trimester placental villi and grown in serum-free primary culture for 24 h, 48 h and 96 h on rat-tail collagen with and without AMA (1000 ng/ml). Moreover, secretion of beta-hCG and hPL into conditioned media from isolated CTB grown in vitro for 24 h, 48 h and 96 h (n = 6/each sub-group) with and without AMA was examined using enzyme immunoassays. Furthermore, TUNEL assay, and cell viability based on LDH leakage into medium (n = 6/each sub-group) were assessed to examine the phenomenon of cell death with time and administration of AMA. RESULTS CTB in serum-free primary culture showed increased (P < 0.05) level of synthesis and secretion of beta-hCG and hPL with time, and higher (P < 0.05) level of cellular cytokeratin 18 neo-epitope and number of TUNEL-positive cells, and LDH activity in conditioned medium at 96 h of culture. Exposure of CTB to AMA resulted in lower (P < 0.05) level of synthesis and secretion of beta-hCG and hPL, as well as, an increase (P < 0.05) of cellular cytokeratin 18 neo-epitope and number of TUNEL-positive cells, and LDH activity in conditioned medium at 96 h as compared to the control treatment. CONCLUSIONS Administration of AMA resulted in attenuation of differentiation, enhancement in apoptosis and loss of viability in early placental villi trophoblast cells in primary culture. Thus, it appears that administration of alpha-helical AMP may adversely affect the process of placentation and pregnancy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayasree Sengupta
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Meraj Alam Khan
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Berthold Huppertz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University Graz, Austria
| | - Debabrata Ghosh
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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865
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Franco de Oliveira R, Pires Oliveira DAA, Soares CP. Effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on l929 fibroblasts. Arch Med Sci 2011; 7:224-9. [PMID: 22291760 PMCID: PMC3258710 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2011.22071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2009] [Revised: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ultrasound has proven to be an important therapeutic resource regarding musculoskeletal disease and is routinely used in physical therapy and medicine both therapeutically and diagnostically. The aim of the present study was to analyse the effects with different ultrasound intensities in order to establish the ideal radiation level in cell cultures. MATERIAL AND METHODS FIBROBLAST CELL CULTURES WERE DIVIDED INTO FIVE GROUPS: group I - control (did not receive irradiation); group II - 0.2 W/cm(2) in pulsed mode at 10% (1 : 9 duty cycle); group III - 0.6 W/cm(2) in pulsed mode at 10% (1 : 9 duty cycle); group IV - 0.2 W/cm(2) in pulsed mode at 20% (2 : 8 duty cycle); and group V - 0.6 W/cm(2) in pulsed mode at 20% (2 : 8 duty cycle). Each group was irradiated with 24-h intervals, observing the following post-irradiation incubation times: 24, 48, 72 and 96 h; after 24 h of each irradiation, cultures were analysed using the MTT method. RESULTS Analysis of the results following ultrasound irradiation demonstrated that the effect of ultrasound with 0.6 W/cm(2) in pulsed mode at 10% (1 : 9 duty cycle) was statistically significant in relation to ultrasonic irradiation in pulsed mode at 20% (2 : 8 duty cycle) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS According to parameters used in the irradiation of cultivated fibroblasts, the pulse mode regime and the control of intensity are of fundamental importance for the optimal use of therapeutic ultrasound. Furthermore, low and medium intensities decreased cell damage, which establishes that acoustic pulsed energy induces the proliferation of fibroblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cristina Pacheco Soares
- Laboratório de Dinâmica de Compartimento Celular, Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento – IP&D, Univap – São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
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866
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Rudzok S, Krejči S, Graebsch C, Herbarth O, Mueller A, Bauer M. Toxicity profiles of four metals and 17 xenobiotics in the human hepatoma cell line HepG2 and the protozoa Tetrahymena pyriformis--a comparison. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2011; 26:171-186. [PMID: 19790250 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We performed an interspecies comparison for the human hepatoma cell line HepG2 and the eukaryotic single cell organism Tetrahymena pyriformis (T. pyriformis) for 17 xenobiotics with diverse structures and four metals. The cytotoxicity was assessed by four different cell viability assays (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide reduction (MTT), neutral red uptake (NRU), resazurin dye (AlamarBlue), 5-carboxyfluorescein diacetate acetoxymethyl ester (CFDA-AM)) for the HepG2 and by cell count and MTT for T. pyriformis. For HepG2 cells, the results revealed interassay variations depending on the compound. The highest assay conformity was found for the metal Hg(2+) and the fungicide prochloraz. The AlamarBlue assay was the most sensitive assay according to low-effect concentrations. By contrast, the NRU assay was comprised of more frequent whole concentration response relationships and was more susceptible to EC(50). For T. pyriformis the EC(50) values of the two applied assays displayed a high conformity (R(2) = 0.97). Comparing the EC(50) values obtained by the MTT assay for the two cell models, a direct correlation was absent for the xenobiotics and only present for the metals (Cd(2+), Cu(2+), and Ni(2+)). Moreover, the protozoa T. pyriformis displayed a 20 times higher sensitivity than the cell line. The highest interspecies difference of three log degrees was obtained for the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fluoranthene. In addition, a correlation of the EC(50) values and octanol-water partition coefficient (log K(OW)) of the xenobiotics was performed. No correlation was found for HepG2, and a weak one for T. pyriformis. Interestingly, the interspecies difference of logarithmized EC(50) correlated positive with the log K(OW) (R(2) = 0.65). In conclusion, to obtain reliable evidence for human cytotoxicity, more than one viability/cytotoxicity assay had to be applied for cell lines. Second, the human hepatoma cell line was less affected by the organic compounds than the eukaryotic single-cell organism and was also less dependent on the log K(OW) of the xenobiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Rudzok
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Division Health Research, Leipzig, Germany
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867
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Lee OR, Sathiyaraj G, Kim YJ, In JG, Kwon WS, Kim JH, Yang DC. Defense Genes Induced by Pathogens and Abiotic Stresses in Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. J Ginseng Res 2011. [DOI: 10.5142/jgr.2011.35.1.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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868
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Scherliess R. The MTT assay as tool to evaluate and compare excipient toxicity in vitro on respiratory epithelial cells. Int J Pharm 2011; 411:98-105. [PMID: 21453764 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
There are not many excipients already approved in drug products for the use in the respiratory tract. In this study, a rapid in vitro screening procedure to assess and compare acute toxicity of soluble excipient substances on respiratory epithelial cells utilising the Calu-3 cell line is presented. The test substances are either dissolved in HBSS+HEPES buffer or are directly applied to the cellular surface. After 4h incubation, the substances are removed and the cell viability is assessed using an MTT assay. The tested excipients include polysorbate 20 and 80, lactose and povidone 30 as well as glycerol and propylene glycol as examples of excipients already being used in formulations for application in the respiratory tract. These substances are sorted according to their toxic effect and new excipients not yet used in the respiratory tract like HPMC can be classified in this scheme. With this, besides information from systemic toxicity tests, a first valuation of the acute toxic effect of the substance on respiratory epithelial cells is gained. This can aid in the choice of new excipients being necessary for modern respiratory formulations comprising new active compounds as biomolecules or new delivery strategies such as sustained or prolonged delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Scherliess
- Christian Albrecht University Kiel, Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Grasweg 9a, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
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869
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Kim JY, Kim HJ, Kim HJ. Effect of Oral Administration of Korean Red Ginseng on Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection. J Ginseng Res 2011. [DOI: 10.5142/jgr.2011.35.1.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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870
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Saxena P, Pant VA, Wadhwani KK, Kashyap MP, Gupta SK, Pant AB. Potential of the propolis as storage medium to preserve the viability of cultured human periodontal ligament cells: an in vitro study. Dent Traumatol 2011; 27:102-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-9657.2011.00974.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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871
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Lin IC, Liang M, Liu TY, Ziora ZM, Monteiro MJ, Toth I. Interaction of Densely Polymer-Coated Gold Nanoparticles with Epithelial Caco-2 Monolayers. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:1339-48. [DOI: 10.1021/bm200116z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I-Chun Lin
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, ‡School of Pharmacy, and §Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Mingtao Liang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, ‡School of Pharmacy, and §Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Tzu-Yu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, ‡School of Pharmacy, and §Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zyta M. Ziora
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, ‡School of Pharmacy, and §Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Michael J. Monteiro
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, ‡School of Pharmacy, and §Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, ‡School of Pharmacy, and §Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
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872
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Nirmala R, Park HM, Navamathavan R, Kang HS, El-Newehy MH, Kim HY. Lecithin blended polyamide-6 high aspect ratio nanofiber scaffolds via electrospinning for human osteoblast cell culture. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2010.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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873
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Tsukahara T, Haniu H. Cellular cytotoxic response induced by highly purified multi-wall carbon nanotube in human lung cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 352:57-63. [PMID: 21298324 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-0739-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes, a promising nanomaterial with unique characteristics, have applications in a variety of fields. The cytotoxic effects of carbon nanotubes are partially due to the induction of oxidative stress; however, the detailed mechanisms of nanotube cytotoxicity and their interaction with cells remain unclear. In this study, the authors focus on the acute toxicity of vapor-grown carbon fiber, HTT2800, which is one of the most highly purified multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) by high-temperature thermal treatment. The authors exposed human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) to HTT2800 and measured the cellular uptake, mitochondrial function, cellular LDH release, apoptotic signaling, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and pro-inflammatory cytokine release. The HTT2800-exposed cells showed cellular uptake of the carbon nanotube, increased cell death, enhanced DNA damage, and induced cytokine release. However, the exposed cells showed no obvious intracellular ROS generation. These cellular and molecular findings suggest that HTT2800 could cause a potentially adverse inflammatory response in BEAS-2B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamotsu Tsukahara
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-System Control, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.
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874
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Ferraz KO, Cardoso GM, Bertollo CM, Souza-Fagundes EM, Speziali N, Zani CL, Mendes IC, Gomes MA, Beraldo H. N(4)-tolyl-2-benzoylpyridine-derived thiosemicarbazones and their palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes: Cytotoxicity against human solid tumor cells. Polyhedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2010.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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875
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Annan K, Houghton PJ. Two novel lupane triterpenoids from Paullinia pinnata L. with fibroblast stimulatory activity. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011; 62:663-8. [PMID: 20609071 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.62.05.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Novel lupane triterpenoids from Paullinia pinnata L., a Ghanaian plant traditionally used for wound healing, were examined for in-vitro fibroblast stimulatory activity using the 142BR cell line. METHODS Bioactivity-guided isolation of the crude extract of P. pinnata L. was carried out in order to determine the nature of the compounds responsible for the stimulation of fibroblast proliferation. KEY FINDINGS Two novel compounds were isolated and characterised, namely, 6beta-(3'-methoxy-4'-hydroxybenzoyl)-lup-20(29)-ene-one (1) and 6beta-(3'-methoxy-4'-hydroxybenzoyl)-lup-20(29)-ene-ol (2), together with three known compounds, friedelin (3), beta-sitosterol (4) and beta-sitosterol-3-D-glucoside (5). The methanol extract of the roots of P. pinnata caused a significant in-vitro increase (94%) in 142BR cell line proliferation at 20 microg/ml compared with the control. CONCLUSIONS Compounds 1 and 2, which were isolated from the active chloroform fraction, have not previously been reported and showed a dose-dependent increase in proliferation of 142BR cells up to 3 microM; compounds 3, 4 and 5 had no effect on the 142BR cell line at the concentrations tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kofi Annan
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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876
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Adetutu A, Morgan WA, Corcoran O. Antibacterial, antioxidant and fibroblast growth stimulation activity of crude extracts of Bridelia ferruginea leaf, a wound-healing plant of Nigeria. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 133:116-119. [PMID: 20863876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Revised: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Determination of pharmacological activity relevant to wound healing of Bridelia ferruginea leaf, a traditional medicine used to treat wounds in rural Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts were tested against bacterial species of relevance to wound infections: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The ethanolic extracts were assessed for their ability to stimulate the growth of human dermal fibroblasts (FS5) and protect against damage induced by hydrogen peroxide. Antioxidant activity was also assessed using the DPPH assay. RESULTS Both aqueous and ethanolic extracts had weak antibacterial activity (MIC>470 μg/ml). A significant effect (p<0.001) on the growth of FS5 fibroblasts was observed only at a concentration of 5 μg/ml (28% increase), above which the extracts appeared toxic to the cells. The ethanolic extract offered the highest protection against H(2)O(2) damage to FS5 cells, comparable with catalase (82% at 250 μg/ml). The DPPH assay revealed antioxidant activity of the ethanolic leaf extract with IC(50) 12.5±0.3 μg/ml comparable to l-ascorbic acid (7.3±0.1 μg/ml). CONCLUSION The antibacterial, modest fibroblast stimulation activity and relatively strong antioxidant activity lend some support to the topical use of Bridelia ferruginea leaf for wound-healing in the traditional medicine of South-western Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adewale Adetutu
- School of Health and Bioscience, University of East London, London, United Kingdom.
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877
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Liao TT, Jia RW, Shi YL, Jia JW, Wang L, Chua H. Propidium iodide staining method for testing the cytotoxicity of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and perfluorooctane sulfonate at low concentrations with Vero cells. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2011; 46:1769-75. [PMID: 22175881 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2011.624016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In this article, the feasibility of propidium iodide (PI) staining based on cell membrane damage as a sensitive and quantitative method to test the cytotoxicity of typical lipophilic compounds including 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was examined. The sensitivity of PI staining was compared to that of the methylthiazol-2-yl-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. We found a good correlation between PI uptake and increasing concentrations of TCP (10-50 μM) and PFOS (20-50 μM) at lower concentrations than those between growth inhibition ratio determined by the MTT assay and increasing concentrations of TCP (150-400 μM) and PFOS (100-500 μM). These findings indicated that the PI staining was more sensitive than the MTT assay. Furthermore, both the amount of PI uptake and the ratio of morphologically changed cells increased with increasing TCP concentrations, suggesting that PI staining may be a suitable quantitative substitute for the original method based on the observation of morphological changes in Vero cells. Our data also suggest that it is possible that the cell membrane damage that resulted in increased PI uptake may be due to variations in the phospholipid and protein content of the membrane, which are affected by interactions between the lipophilic compounds and components of the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting T Liao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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878
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Karmakar A, Xu Y, Mahmood MW, Zhang Y, Saeed LM, Mustafa T, Ali S, Biris AR, Biris AS. Radio-frequency induced in vitro thermal ablation of cancer cells by EGF functionalized carbon-coated magnetic nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm10569h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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879
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Park JY, Kim SW, Lee JK, Im WB, Jin BK, Yoon SH. Simplified Heterocyclic Analogues of Fluoxetine Inhibit Inducible Nitric Oxide Production in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced BV2 Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 34:538-44. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.34.538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Young Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University
| | | | | | - Weon Bin Im
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University
| | - Byung Kwan Jin
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Neurodegeneration Control Research Center, School of Medicine Kyung Hee University
| | - Sung-Hwa Yoon
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University
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880
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Inhibition of lactic dehydrogenase as a way to increase the anti-proliferative effect of multi-targeted kinase inhibitors. Pharmacol Res 2010; 63:328-34. [PMID: 21168502 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2010.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase inhibitors are a relatively new class of promising anticancer drugs, most of which exert their action by binding to the ATP site on the targeted kinases. We hypothesized that a decrease in ATP levels in neoplastic cells could reduce the competition for the same enzymatic site, thus increasing the efficacy of kinase inhibitors. Using oxamic acid, an inhibitor of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) which hinders aerobic glycolysis, we decreased ATP levels in PLC/PRF/5 cells (a line from a hepatocellular carcinoma). We found that in these cells oxamic acid potentiated the antiproliferative activity of sorafenib, imatinib and sunitinib, three kinase inhibitors. When aerobic glycolysis was shut down by culturing the cells in the absence of glucose, oxamic acid did not reduce the ATP levels, suggesting that in normal tissues, which do not rely on aerobic glycolysis for their ATP synthesis, the block of LDH should not impair cellular metabolism. In conclusion, the inhibition of LDH could enhance anticancer activity of sorafenib, imatinib and sunitinib without increasing their side effects on normal cells, which in conditions of normal functional activity and sufficient oxygen supply do not need the activity of this enzyme.
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881
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Dikmen M, Canturk Z, Ozturk Y, Tunali Y. Investigation of the Apoptotic Effect of Curcumin in Human Leukemia HL-60 Cells by Using Flow Cytometry. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2010; 25:749-55. [DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2010.0822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Miriş Dikmen
- Department of Pharmacology, Anadolu University, Tepebasi, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Zerrin Canturk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Tepebasi, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Ozturk
- Department of Pharmacology, Anadolu University, Tepebasi, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Yagmur Tunali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Tepebasi, Eskisehir, Turkey
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882
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Sandri G, Bonferoni MC, Rossi S, Ferrari F, Mori M, Del Fante C, Perotti C, Scudeller L, Caramella C. Platelet lysate formulations based on mucoadhesive polymers for the treatment of corneal lesions. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 63:189-98. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2010.01208.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Growth factors contained in platelet α-granules initiate and modulate tissue repair and are proposed for the treatment of soft and hard-tissue surgical conditions and in the management of non-healing wounds. Platelet lysate is a hemoderivative obtained from platelet-rich plasma and is capable of releasing a pool of growth factors. Many medical and surgical techniques have been proposed for the treatment of corneal lesions; management of these conditions remains problematic and healing with standard protocols is unattainable. The aim of this study was to develop formulations suitable for prolonging the contact of platelet lysate with the damaged cornea for the time necessary to exert a therapeutic effect.
Methods
Two vehicles, one based on polyacrylic acid and one based on chitosan, were autoclaved and loaded with platelet lysate and the resultant formulations were characterized for rheology, mucoadhesion, vehicle compatibility and stability. The proliferation effect was tested on two cell culture types (rabbit corneal epithelial cells and fibroblasts). An in-vitro wound-healing test was performed on fibroblasts. In both cases the formulations were compared with platelet lysate diluted with saline at the same concentration.
Findings
Both formulations maintained the rheological and mucoadhesive properties of the vehicles and the proliferative activity of platelet lysate. The chitosan formulation was able to significantly enhance epithelial cell growth even after storage of up to 2 weeks (in-use conditions), while the polyacrylic acid formulation was less efficient, probably due to the characteristics of the cell model used.
Conclusions
The in-vitro wound-healing test performed on fibroblasts confirmed the differences between the two vehicles. The effect induced by the platelet lysate and chitosan formulation was faster than that of the polyacrylic acid formulation and complete in-vitro wound repair was achieved within 48 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Sandri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pavia, Vle Taramelli 12, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Rossi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pavia, Vle Taramelli 12, Pavia, Italy
| | - Franca Ferrari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pavia, Vle Taramelli 12, Pavia, Italy
| | - Michela Mori
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pavia, Vle Taramelli 12, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudia Del Fante
- Immunohaematology and Transfusion Service and Cell Therapy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS S. Matteo, Vle Golgi 19, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cesare Perotti
- Immunohaematology and Transfusion Service and Cell Therapy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS S. Matteo, Vle Golgi 19, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luigia Scudeller
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biometric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS S. Matteo, Viale Golgi 19, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carla Caramella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pavia, Vle Taramelli 12, Pavia, Italy
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883
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UVA-induced cyototoxicity and DNA damaging potential of benz (e) acephenanthrylene. Toxicol Lett 2010; 199:193-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Revised: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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884
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Sandri G, Bonferoni MC, Gökçe EH, Ferrari F, Rossi S, Patrini M, Caramella C. Chitosan-associated SLN:in vitroandex vivocharacterization of cyclosporine A loaded ophthalmic systems. J Microencapsul 2010; 27:735-46. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2010.517854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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885
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Omoregie ES, Pal A, Darokar MP, Chanda D, Sisodia B. In vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial activity and cytotoxicity of extracts from Vernonia amygdalina Del. Leaves. Malar J 2010. [PMCID: PMC2963271 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-9-s2-p30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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886
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Kashyap MP, Singh AK, Siddiqui MA, Kumar V, Tripathi VK, Khanna VK, Yadav S, Jain SK, Pant AB. Caspase Cascade Regulated Mitochondria Mediated Apoptosis in Monocrotophos Exposed PC12 Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2010; 23:1663-72. [DOI: 10.1021/tx100234m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. P. Kashyap
- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, New Delhi, India, and Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - A. K. Singh
- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, New Delhi, India, and Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - M. A. Siddiqui
- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, New Delhi, India, and Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - V. Kumar
- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, New Delhi, India, and Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - V. K. Tripathi
- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, New Delhi, India, and Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - V. K. Khanna
- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, New Delhi, India, and Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - S. Yadav
- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, New Delhi, India, and Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - S. K. Jain
- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, New Delhi, India, and Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - A. B. Pant
- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, New Delhi, India, and Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
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887
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Josset L, Textoris J, Loriod B, Ferraris O, Moules V, Lina B, N'Guyen C, Diaz JJ, Rosa-Calatrava M. Gene expression signature-based screening identifies new broadly effective influenza a antivirals. PLoS One 2010; 5. [PMID: 20957181 PMCID: PMC2949399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical antiviral therapies target viral proteins and are consequently subject to resistance. To counteract this limitation, alternative strategies have been developed that target cellular factors. We hypothesized that such an approach could also be useful to identify broad-spectrum antivirals. The influenza A virus was used as a model for its viral diversity and because of the need to develop therapies against unpredictable viruses as recently underlined by the H1N1 pandemic. We proposed to identify a gene-expression signature associated with infection by different influenza A virus subtypes which would allow the identification of potential antiviral drugs with a broad anti-influenza spectrum of activity. We analyzed the cellular gene expression response to infection with five different human and avian influenza A virus strains and identified 300 genes as differentially expressed between infected and non-infected samples. The most 20 dysregulated genes were used to screen the connectivity map, a database of drug-associated gene expression profiles. Candidate antivirals were then identified by their inverse correlation to the query signature. We hypothesized that such molecules would induce an unfavorable cellular environment for influenza virus replication. Eight potential antivirals including ribavirin were identified and their effects were tested in vitro on five influenza A strains. Six of the molecules inhibited influenza viral growth. The new pandemic H1N1 virus, which was not used to define the gene expression signature of infection, was inhibited by five out of the eight identified molecules, demonstrating that this strategy could contribute to identifying new broad anti-influenza agents acting on cellular gene expression. The identified infection signature genes, the expression of which are modified upon infection, could encode cellular proteins involved in the viral life cycle. This is the first study showing that gene expression-based screening can be used to identify antivirals. Such an approach could accelerate drug discovery and be extended to other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Josset
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) FRE 3011 Virologie et Pathologie Humaine, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire de Virologie Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- * E-mail: (LJ); (MRC)
| | - Julien Textoris
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U928 Technologies Avancées pour le Génome et la Clinique, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 5534, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Service d'anesthésie et de réanimation Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Béatrice Loriod
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U928 Technologies Avancées pour le Génome et la Clinique, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Ferraris
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) FRE 3011 Virologie et Pathologie Humaine, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Moules
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) FRE 3011 Virologie et Pathologie Humaine, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Bruno Lina
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) FRE 3011 Virologie et Pathologie Humaine, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire de Virologie Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Catherine N'Guyen
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U928 Technologies Avancées pour le Génome et la Clinique, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Diaz
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 5534, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Manuel Rosa-Calatrava
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) FRE 3011 Virologie et Pathologie Humaine, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- * E-mail: (LJ); (MRC)
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888
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Martín JMP, Peropadre A, Herrero Ó, Freire PF, Labrador V, Hazen MJ. Oxidative DNA damage contributes to the toxic activity of propylparaben in mammalian cells. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2010; 702:86-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Revised: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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889
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Letter to the Editor. Mol Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-010-9301-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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890
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Studies on toxicity of antitubercular drugs namely isoniazid, rifampicin, and pyrazinamide in an in vitro model of HepG2 cell line. Med Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-010-9405-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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891
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Pires-Oliveira DAA, Oliveira RF, Machado AHA, Zângaro RA, Pacheco-Soares C. Laser biomodulation on L 929 cell culture. Photomed Laser Surg 2010; 28:167-71. [PMID: 20232997 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2008.2269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of photobiomodulation using a 904-nm diode laser at two energy densities (6 J/cm(2) and 50 mJ/cm(2)) on L929 fibroblast cells. BACKGROUND Low-power laser irradiation (LPLI) is a non-pharmacological resource that induces important in vitro photobiomodulation on cell cultures and tissues. METHODS Irradiation was performed for three days at 24-h intervals. After each interval, the cells were stained with MitoTracker Orange and DioC6 dyes to assess the photobiomodulatory effects of irradiation on mitochondrial activity and changes in the endoplasmic reticulum. The MTT assay [3-(4.5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2.5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide] was used to evaluate cell proliferation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The fluorescence microscopy assessment of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum in cells irradiated with 6 J/cm(2) and 50 mJ/cm(2) demonstrated intense mitochondrial activity, which was confirmed by DioC6 staining. Reticular activity was observed stemming from increased protein synthesis. Photobiomodulation with 50 mJ/cm(2) was slightly higher than with 6 J/cm(2), as demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy results. Photobiomodulation was also time-dependent, with better results 72-h after irradiation.
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892
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Prasad SB, Rosangkima G, Nicol BM. Cyclophosphamide and ascorbic acid-mediated ultrastructural and biochemical changes in Dalton's lymphoma cells in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 645:47-54. [PMID: 20655303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Revised: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide, an antineoplastic drug effective against a wide variety of cancers is cytotoxic to normal cells also. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) at higher concentrations possesses cytotoxic effects and it can also enhance the cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil in a dose-dependent manner in mouse lymphoma. In the present study, effect of cyclophosphamide treatment alone and in combination with ascorbic acid in vivo on the ultrastructure and some biochemical changes in Dalton's lymphoma tumor cells were investigated. Cyclophosphamide treatment causes disappearance of cell membrane processes, thickening and reduction in the number of mitochondrial cristae as well as the manifestation of rounded shape of mitochondria. The combination treatment with ascorbic acid plus cyclophosphamide caused further changes in tumor cells showing disintegration in the cell surface membrane, disruption in the nuclear membrane and roundish mitochondria with reduction and disruption in the mitochondrial cristae. The observed ascorbic acid plus cyclophosphamide-mediated decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) in tumor cells may play an important role in the antitumor activity of cyclophosphamide by weakening cellular antioxidant-mediated defense mechanism, thereby increasing tumor cell's susceptibility to cell death. The cyclophosphamide-mediated decrease in lactate dehydrogenase activity in tumor cells and simultaneous increase in ascites supernatant may possibly indicate alteration in the membrane permeability of tumor cells for lactate dehydrogenase as well as tumor cell injury. Further investigation should determine detailed mechanism(s) involved in cyclophosphamide-induced ultrastructural and biochemical changes in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya Bali Prasad
- Cell and Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong-793022, India.
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893
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Bendova P, Mackova E, Haskova P, Vavrova A, Jirkovsky E, Sterba M, Popelova O, Kalinowski DS, Kovarikova P, Vavrova K, Richardson DR, Simunek T. Comparison of Clinically Used and Experimental Iron Chelators for Protection against Oxidative Stress-Induced Cellular Injury. Chem Res Toxicol 2010; 23:1105-14. [DOI: 10.1021/tx100125t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Bendova
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, and Iron Metabolism and Chelation Program, Bosch Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Eliska Mackova
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, and Iron Metabolism and Chelation Program, Bosch Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Pavlina Haskova
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, and Iron Metabolism and Chelation Program, Bosch Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Anna Vavrova
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, and Iron Metabolism and Chelation Program, Bosch Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Eduard Jirkovsky
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, and Iron Metabolism and Chelation Program, Bosch Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Martin Sterba
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, and Iron Metabolism and Chelation Program, Bosch Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Olga Popelova
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, and Iron Metabolism and Chelation Program, Bosch Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Danuta S. Kalinowski
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, and Iron Metabolism and Chelation Program, Bosch Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Petra Kovarikova
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, and Iron Metabolism and Chelation Program, Bosch Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Katerina Vavrova
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, and Iron Metabolism and Chelation Program, Bosch Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Des R. Richardson
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, and Iron Metabolism and Chelation Program, Bosch Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Tomas Simunek
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, and Iron Metabolism and Chelation Program, Bosch Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
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894
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Chen S, Chen C, Tioh Y, Zhong P, Lin Y, Chye S. Para-phenylenediamine induced DNA damage and apoptosis through oxidative stress and enhanced caspase-8 and -9 activities in Mardin–Darby canine kidney cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2010; 24:1197-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2009] [Revised: 01/06/2010] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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895
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Di Virgilio AL, Reigosa M, Arnal PM, Fernández Lorenzo de Mele M. Comparative study of the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of titanium oxide and aluminium oxide nanoparticles in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2010; 177:711-8. [PMID: 20079968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.12.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2009] [Revised: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 12/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of titanium oxide (TiO(2)) and aluminium oxide (Al(2)O(3)) nanoparticles (NPs) on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells using neutral red (NR), mitochondrial activity (by MTT assay), sister chromatid exchange (SCE), micronucleus (MN) formation, and cell cycle kinetics techniques. Results showed a dose-related cytotoxic effect evidenced after 24h by changes in lysosomal and mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity. Interestingly, transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) showed the formation of perinuclear vesicles in CHO-K1 cells after treatment with both NPs during 24h but no NP was detected in the nuclei. Genotoxic effects were shown by MN frequencies which significantly increased at 0.5 and 1 microg/mL TiO(2) and 0.5-10 microg/mL Al(2)O(3). SCE frequencies were higher for cells treated with 1-5 microg/mL TiO(2). The absence of metaphases evidenced cytotoxicity for higher concentrations of TiO(2). No SCE induction was achieved after treatment with 1-25 microg/mL Al(2)O(3). In conclusion, findings showed cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of TiO(2) and Al(2)O(3) NPs on CHO-K1 cells. Possible causes of controversial reports are discussed further on.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Di Virgilio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas, Diag 113 y 64, Correo 16, Suc 4, La Plata 1900, Argentina
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896
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ROS mediated cytotoxicity of porcine adrenocortical cells induced by QdNOs derivatives in vitro. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 185:227-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Revised: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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897
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Hu F, Li L, Wang C, Zhang Q, Zhang X, Zhao M. Enantioselective induction of oxidative stress by permethrin in rat adrenal pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2010; 29:683-690. [PMID: 20821495 DOI: 10.1002/etc.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic pyrethroid (SP) insecticides are chiral compounds with multiple asymmetric positions. Several recent studies have focused on the effect of enantioselectivity of SPs in acute aquatic toxicity, endocrine-disrupting activities, and immunotoxicity. However, the relevant molecular mechanisms are still unknown. The potential relationship between ecotoxicological effects and oxidative stress could contribute to SP-induced enantioselective cytotoxicity, but this requires further investigation. Therefore, this study was undertaken to evaluate the role of oxidative stress in enantiomer-specific permethrin (PM)-induced cytotoxicity in rat adrenal pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. The study demonstrated that PM induced enantioselective oxidative stress and cytotoxicity. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and lipid peroxidation production of malondialdehyde (MDA) were obviously increased, whereas the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD] and catalase [CAT]) and glutathione (GSH) content had declined after exposure in 1R-trans-PM at a concentration of 30 mg/L. Meanwhile, the result of the cytotoxicity assay showed a clear, dose-dependent growth-inhibition effect of PM in an enantioselective manner. The most toxic effect on PC12 cells was shown by 1R-trans-PM and was approximately 1.6 times higher than that with 1S-cis-PM, which exhibited only a slightly toxic effect at a concentration of 20 mg/L. These results suggested that PM exhibited significant enantioselectivity in oxidative stress, which may be one of the initial events in PM-induced enantioselective cytotoxicity. The present study also improved understanding of enantiomer-specific, SP-induced cytotoxicity. The enantioselectivity should be taken into consideration when assessing ecological effects and development of new chiral pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Hu
- Research Center of Environmental Science, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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898
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Blay J, Price RB. Cellular inhibition produced by dental curing lights is a heating artifact. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2010; 93:367-74. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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899
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Schappacher M, Le Hellaye M, Bareille R, Durrieu MC, Guillaume SM. Comparative in vitro Cytotoxicity Toward Human Osteoprogenitor Cells of Polycaprolactones Synthesized from Various Metallic Initiators. Macromol Biosci 2010; 10:60-7. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200900184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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900
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Wang X, Shi W, Wu J, Hao Y, Hu G, Liu H, Han X, Yu H. Reproductive toxicity of organic extracts from petrochemical plant effluents discharged to the Yangtze River, China. J Environ Sci (China) 2010; 22:297-303. [PMID: 20397421 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(09)60108-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Water pollution of the Yangtze River in China became one of challenges that the government is facing today. Increasing numbers of petrochemical plants were built along the river in past decades, and numbers of organic chemicals were discharged into the river. Our goal was to establish in vitro system on rat sertoli cells, spermatogenic cells and leydig cells to investigate the reproductive toxicity potential induced by organic extracts from petrochemical effluents. Our results showed that the organic extract depressed the viability (p < 0.01) and destroyed the plasma membrane integrity of sertoli cells and spermatogenic cells to a certain degree. Accordingly, proportion of early apoptotic sertoli cells and late apoptotic spermatogenic cells increased significantly. Although significant morphological changes were not detected for leydig cells, the extract was observed to inhibit their testosterone production (p < 0.01). Sertoli cells and spermatogenic cells appeared to be more sensitive and maybe the main targets of the key toxins. Theseresults suggested that the in vitro system on rat testicular cells may be useful to predicate reproductive toxicity potential of organic extracts from petrochemical effluents. More attention should be paid to the petrochemical effluents, because long-term accumulation of these organic compounds in organisms may cause spermatogenesis malfunction and testosterone reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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