99801
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Sun Y, Zhuang Z, Wang X, Huang H, Fu Q, Yan Q. Dual RNA-seq reveals the effect of the flgM gene of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida on the immune response of Epinephelus coioides. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 87:515-523. [PMID: 30708058 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas plecoglossicida is an important and highly pathogenic bacterium for aquaculture and causes serious losses. The expression level of flgM was found to be significantly upregulated post-infection compared with in vitro results, which was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. RNAi significantly reduced the expression level of flgM mRNA of P. plecoglossicida. Compared with infection with the wild-type strain, infection with the flgM-RNAi strain resulted in a delay in death and a 75% reduction in the mortality of Epinephelus coioides, followed by alleviation of the symptoms in E. coioides spleen. Moreover, compared with infection with the wild-type strain, infection with the flgM-RNAi strain of P. plecoglossicida resulted in a significant change in the transcriptome of the spleens of infected E. coioides and P. plecoglossicida. KEGG analysis for E. coioides showed that genes of 17 immune pathways were most affected by flgM-RNAi of P. plecoglossicida. Among them, the expression of mhc2, zap70, rhoh, tlr2, ca79a, hcst and cd32 in E. coioides spleen was predicted to be negatively related to flgM in P. plecoglossicida but positively related to genes involved in communication, metabolism and motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Sun
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, Fujian 361024, China; Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Zhixia Zhuang
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, Fujian 361024, China
| | - Xiaoru Wang
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, Fujian 361024, China
| | - Huabin Huang
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, Fujian 361024, China
| | - Qi Fu
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, Fujian 361024, China
| | - Qingpi Yan
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China.
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99802
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Islam S, Aldstadt J, Aga D. Global antimicrobial resistance: a complex and dire threat with few definite answers. Trop Med Int Health 2019; 24:658-662. [DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shamim Islam
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases University at Buffalo State University of New York Buffalo NY USA
| | - Jared Aldstadt
- Department of Geography University at Buffalo State University of New York Buffalo NY USA
| | - Diana Aga
- Department of Chemistry University at Buffalo State University of New York Buffalo NY USA
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99803
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Echinococcosis, also called hydatid disease, is a common parasitic infection of the liver. However, echinococcus lesions rarely involve the heart, especially in children. PATIENT CONCERNS An 8-year-old child from grazing areas of northwest China was referred to our hospital for the complaint of inpersistent precordial chest pain and left upper quadrant pain for 3 years. Palpation showed hepatomegaly, abdominal palpable mass while inspection abdominal distension. Routine blood tests were within the normal ranges. DIAGNOSIS Combining the life history in pasture area, imaging features and serology results, it was consistent with the diagnosis of cardiac echinococcosis. INTERVENTIONS Surgery was performed to evacuate cyst liquid and remove the internal capsule of the cyst. OUTCOMES There was no cystic lesion in heart on ultrasound and her physical condition improved significantly after the surgery. The patient died of hepatic hydatid cyst rupture due to refusing high-risk surgical treatment and other treatment. LESSONS We presented a rare case of cystic echinococcosis involving left ventricle in a child, and surgery is an alternative and effective therapy for this lesion due to the cyst rupture or leakage that can result in anaphylaxis. The typical imaging features of the cardiac echinococcosis on cardiac magnetic resonance are presented. Patient prognosis relies on proper treatment of all lesions.
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99804
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Dye-Braumuller KC, Gorchakov R, Gunter SM, Nielsen DH, Roachell WD, Wheless A, Debboun M, Murray KO, Nolan MS. Identification of Triatomines and Their Habitats in a Highly Developed Urban Environment. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2019; 19:265-273. [PMID: 30571182 PMCID: PMC6459272 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2018.2352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Eleven triatomine species, the vector for Chagas disease, are endemic in the southern U.S. While traditionally thought to only occur in rural habitats and sylvatic transmission cycles, recent studies provide compounding evidence that triatomines could exist in urban habitats and domestic transmission cycles in Texas. We conducted a study of active and passive surveillance techniques over 3 years (2016-2018) in the City of Houston, Harris County, Texas to determine the presence of triatomines in this metroplex. Active surveillance methods uncovered Triatoma sanguisuga nymphs from two locations in downtown Houston city parks. We also documented the first Trypanosoma cruzi positive kissing bug collected in an urban environment of Harris County, Texas. Our findings provide evidence that triatomines can be found in heavily populated U.S. urban environments, and warrant public health support for expanded triatomine and Chagas disease surveillance in city settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodion Gorchakov
- Section of Pediatric Tropical Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Sarah M. Gunter
- Section of Pediatric Tropical Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - David H. Nielsen
- Public Health Command Central, JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Walter D. Roachell
- Public Health Command Central, JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Anna Wheless
- Section of Pediatric Tropical Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Mustapha Debboun
- Mosquito and Vector Control Division, Harris County Public Health, Houston, Texas
| | - Kristy O. Murray
- Section of Pediatric Tropical Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Melissa S. Nolan
- Section of Pediatric Tropical Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
- Department of Epidemiology, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
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99805
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Nayak PS, Pradhan S, Arakha M, Kumar D, Saleem M, Mallick B, Jha S. Silver nanoparticles fabricated using medicinal plant extracts show enhanced antimicrobial and selective cytotoxic propensities. IET Nanobiotechnol 2019; 13:193-201. [PMID: 31051451 PMCID: PMC8676497 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2018.5025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles fabricated using medicinal plant extract have great potential in the area of nanomedicine. High surface-to-volume ratio of nanoparticle enhances the local active biomolecules concentration, leading to many fold increase in the medicinal potentials. The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) fabricated using indigenous medicinal plants of India, Azadirachta indica and Syzygium cumini, have shown a significant effect on the viability of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Biofabrication of AgNP was confirmed using different spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. Extraction and purification of AgNP from non-conjugated plant moieties are done using centrifugation and size exclusion chromatography. The cytotoxic propensity of AgNP formulations was screened against Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis), Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria, cancerous (HT1080) and non-cancerous (HEK293) cell lines. The nanoparticle formulations showed a relatively higher cytotoxic propensity against Gram-positive bacteria and cancerous cell lines. In addition, the surface roughness and reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurements indicated that AgNP formulations mediate the cell activity predominantly by ROS-mediated disruptive change in membrane morphology upon direct interaction with the membrane. Hence, the nanoparticle formulations show an enhanced selective cytotoxic propensity towards Gram-positive bacteria and cancerous cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth Sarthi Nayak
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Stuti Pradhan
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Manoranjan Arakha
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Mohammed Saleem
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Bibekanand Mallick
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Suman Jha
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India.
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99806
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Kavolus JJ, Cunningham DJ, Rao SR, Wellman SS, Seyler TM. Polymicrobial Infections in Hip Arthroplasty: Lower Treatment Success Rate, Increased Surgery, and Longer Hospitalization. J Arthroplasty 2019; 34:710-716.e3. [PMID: 30527896 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2018.09.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymicrobial hip arthroplasty infections are a subset of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) with distinct challenges representing 10%-47% of PJI. METHODS Records were reviewed from all PJIs involving partial or total hip arthroplasty with positive hip cultures between 2005 and 2015 in order to determine baseline characteristics and outcomes including treatment success, surgeries for infection, and days in hospital for infection. Analysis was restricted to patients who had at least 2 years of follow-up after their final surgery or hospitalization for infection. Factors with P-value less than .05 in univariate outcomes analysis were included in multivariable models. RESULTS After multivariable analysis, 28 of 95 hip arthroplasty PJIs which were polymicrobial were associated with significantly lower treatment success, more surgery, and longer hospitalizations compared to PJIs which were not polymicrobial. Patients diagnosed with polymicrobial infection later in treatment (4 of 28) had the lowest treatment success rate, underwent the most surgery, and spent the longest time in hospital. CONCLUSION Polymicrobial periprosthetic hip infection is a particularly devastating complication of hip arthroplasty associated with decreased likelihood of treatment success, increased surgery for infection, and greater time in hospital. Patients with late polymicrobial infection had the worst outcomes. This investigation further characterizes the natural history of periprosthetic hip infections with more than one infectious organism. Patients who present with a subsequent polymicrobial infection should be educated that they have a particularly difficult treatment course and treatment success may not be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Kavolus
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Daniel J Cunningham
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Sneha R Rao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Samuel S Wellman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Thorsten M Seyler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
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99807
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Ghoshal UC, Rahman MM. Post-infection irritable bowel syndrome in the tropical and subtropical regions: Vibrio cholerae is a new cause of this well-known condition. Indian J Gastroenterol 2019; 38:87-94. [PMID: 31073702 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-019-00959-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Uday C Ghoshal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226 014, India.
| | - M Masudur Rahman
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sheikh Russel Gastroliver Institute and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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99808
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Taft DH, Salinero LK, Vongbhavit K, Kalanetra KM, Masarweh C, Yu A, Underwood MA, Mills DA. Bacterial colonization and antimicrobial resistance genes in neonatal enteral feeding tubes. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2019; 95:fiz039. [PMID: 30915455 PMCID: PMC6449222 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteral feeding is a key component of care in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs); however, feeding tubes harbor microbes. These microbes have the potential to cause disease, yet their source remains controversial and clinical recommendations to reduce feeding tube colonization are lacking. This study aims to improve our understanding of the bacteria in neonatal feeding tubes and to evaluate factors that may affect these bacteria. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to characterize the bacteria present in pharyngeal, esophageal, and gastric portions of feeding tubes, residual fluid of the tubes, and infant stool using samples from 47 infants. Similar distributions of taxa were observed in all samples, although beta diversity differed by sample type. Feeding tube samples had lower alpha diversity than stool samples, and alpha diversity increased with gestational age, day of life, and tube dwell time. In a subset of samples from 6 infants analyzed by whole metagenome sequencing, there was greater overlap in transferable antimicrobial resistance genes between tube and fecal samples in breast milk fed infants than in formula fed infants. These findings develop our understanding of neonatal feeding tube colonization, laying a foundation for research into methods for minimizing NICU patients' exposure to antimicrobial resistant microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana H Taft
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, California, 95616, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Lauren K Salinero
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Kannikar Vongbhavit
- Department of Pediatrics, HRH Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Medical Center, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakornayok, Thailand
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California at Davis, 410 X St, Sacramento, 95817, California, USA
| | - Karen M Kalanetra
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, California, 95616, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Chad Masarweh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, California, 95616, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Alice Yu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, California, 95616, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Mark A Underwood
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, California, 95616, USA
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California at Davis, 410 X St, Sacramento, 95817, California, USA
| | - David A Mills
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, California, 95616, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, California, 95616, USA
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, California, 95616, USA
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99809
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Docking- and pharmacophore-based virtual screening for the identification of novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein tyrosine phosphatase B (MptpB) inhibitor with a thiobarbiturate scaffold. Bioorg Chem 2019; 85:229-239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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99810
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Liu Y, Zhang H, Zhang X, Jiang N, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Zhu B, Wang G, Zhao K, Zhou Y. Characterization of an NDM-19-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strain harboring 2 resistance plasmids from China. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 93:355-361. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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99811
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Giuliano C, Patel CR, Kale-Pradhan PB. A Guide to Bacterial Culture Identification And Results Interpretation. P & T : A PEER-REVIEWED JOURNAL FOR FORMULARY MANAGEMENT 2019; 44:192-200. [PMID: 30930604 PMCID: PMC6428495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide a guide to interpreting bacterial culture results. METHODS Studies were identified via a PubMed literature search (from 1966 to January 2018). Search terms included microbial sensitivity tests, microbial drug resistance, and anti-infective agents/pharmacology. Articles were included if they were published in English. References within identified articles were also reviewed. RESULTS This paper reviewed core concepts of interpreting bacterial culture results, including timing of cultures, common culture sites, potential for contamination, interpreting the Gram stain, role of rapid diagnostic tests, conventional antibiotic susceptibility testing, and automated testing. CONCLUSION This guide can assist pharmacists in their role as integral members of the antimicrobial stewardship team in an effort to improve patient care.
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99812
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Elfrink F, Overbosch FW, Schinkel J, Koen G, Sonder GJB. Hepatitis E in Long-Term Travelers from the Netherlands to Subtropical and Tropical Countries, 2008-2011. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 24:1055-1060. [PMID: 29774856 PMCID: PMC6004834 DOI: 10.3201/eid2406.171513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a common cause of acute viral hepatitis. Virus genotypes 1 and 2 infect humans in developing countries by the fecal-oral route. To assess attack rates and disease incidence for travelers, we prospectively studied 604 long-term travelers to subtropical and tropical countries. Participants donated blood samples pretravel and posttravel and kept a diary. A total of 89/604 (15%) pretravel samples were positive for HEV IgG by ELISA, suggesting previous HEV infection. Seroconversion for HEV was found for 19/515 travelers (attack rate 3.7%, incidence 1.8 cases/1,000 person-weeks). We believe there is a substantial risk for acquiring HEV infection among long-term travelers. Although HEV infection does not seem to be a major problem in this healthy cohort, hygienic measures should be stressed in all pretravel health advice, particularly for pregnant women and immunocompromised travelers who are at risk for severe disease.
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99813
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Salinas FM, Vázquez L, Gentilini MV, O´Donohoe A, Regueira E, Nabaes Jodar MS, Viegas M, Michelini FM, Hermida G, Alché LE, Bueno CA. Aesculus hippocastanum L. seed extract shows virucidal and antiviral activities against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and reduces lung inflammation in vivo. Antiviral Res 2019; 164:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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99814
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Frank M, Adamashvili N, Lomtadze N, Kokhreidze E, Avaliani Z, Kempker RR, Blumberg HM. Long-term Follow-up Reveals High Posttreatment Mortality Rate Among Patients With Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in the Country of Georgia. Open Forum Infect Dis 2019; 6:ofz152. [PMID: 31041349 PMCID: PMC6483133 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given very limited data, we assessed the long-term outcomes among patients with extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB). METHODS A retrospective population-based cohort study was performed in patients with XDR-TB diagnosed during 2011-2013 in the country of Georgia. Data were abstracted from the National TB Program, medical charts, interviews, and the national Georgian death registry. RESULTS Among 111 patients starting treatment for XDR-TB, 59 (53.2%) had newly diagnosed tuberculosis, and 3 (2.9%) had human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection. The median length of follow-up from diagnosis of XDR-TB to death or the end of study was 53.9 months (interquartile range, 27.2-66.3 months). End-of-treatment outcomes were available for 106 patients; 35 (33.0%) had a favorable outcome, and 71 (67.0%) had an unfavorable outcome, including death in 16 (15.1%). An additional 20 patients died after cessation of initial treatment, increasing the overall mortality rate to 34.0%. In multivariable analysis, an unfavorable initial end-of-treatment outcome was associated with posttreatment death (adjusted odds ratio, 14.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.78-117.13). CONCLUSIONS The overall mortality rate and specifically the posttreatment mortality rate were high among patients with XDR-TB. Patients with an unfavorable end-of-treatment outcome had an increased risk of death during follow-up. Our findings highlight the need for improved adherence, better-tolerated and shorter therapies, and enhanced posttreatment surveillance among patients treated for XDR-TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Frank
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Nino Lomtadze
- National Center for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Eka Kokhreidze
- National Center for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Zaza Avaliani
- National Center for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Russell R Kempker
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Henry M Blumberg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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99815
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Prax M, Bekeredjian-Ding I, Krut O. Microbiological Screening of Platelet Concentrates in Europe. Transfus Med Hemother 2019; 46:76-86. [PMID: 31191193 PMCID: PMC6514488 DOI: 10.1159/000499349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk of transfusion-associated sepsis due to transmission of bacteria is a persistent problem in the transfusion field. Despite numerous interventions to reduce the risk, cases of bacterial sepsis following transfusion are repeatedly being reported. Especially platelet concentrates are highly susceptible to bacterial contaminations due to the growth-promoting storage conditions. In Europe, blood establishments and national authorities have implemented individual precaution measures to mitigate the risk of bacterial transmission. To obtain an overview of the different approaches, we compiled information from national authorities, blood establishments, and the current literature. Several aspects such as the shelf life of platelets, time of sampling and the applied control measures are compared between the member states. The analysis of the data revealed a broad heterogeneity of procedures on a national level ranging from platelet release without any safety testing up to mandatory screening of all platelet concentrates prior to transfusion. Despite the substantial progress made in recent years, several bacterial reports on transfusion-associated sepsis indicate that further efforts are needed to increase the safety of blood transfusions in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Prax
- Division of Microbiology, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen, Germany
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99816
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Combating tigecycline resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: A leap forward towards multi-epitope based vaccine discovery. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 132:1-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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99817
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Marujo F, Costa LC, Duarte R, Brito MJ, Cordeiro A, Neves C, Neves JF. Invasive Meningococcal Disease Unraveling a Novel Mutation in the C5 Gene in a Portuguese Family. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2019; 38:416-418. [PMID: 30882736 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000002149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although bacterial meningitis is a rare presentation of a congenital immunodeficiency, invasive meningococcal disease is classically associated with complement deficiencies. We report a patient from a consanguineous kindred presenting with an invasive meningococcal disease caused by serogroup B meningococcus that revealed an underlying C5 deficiency caused by a novel mutation in the C5 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Marujo
- From the Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Hospital Dona Estefânia- CHLC, EPE
| | - Luís Carlos Costa
- From the Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Hospital Dona Estefânia- CHLC, EPE
| | - Regina Duarte
- Plastic Surgery Unit, Hospital Dona Estefânia- CHLC, EPE
| | | | - Ana Cordeiro
- From the Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Hospital Dona Estefânia- CHLC, EPE
| | - Conceição Neves
- From the Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Hospital Dona Estefânia- CHLC, EPE
| | - João Farela Neves
- From the Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Hospital Dona Estefânia- CHLC, EPE
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Dona Estefânia- CHLC, EPE
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Lisboa, Portugal
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99818
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Wu D, Li KT, Tang W, Ong JJ, Huang W, Fu H, Lee A, Wei C, Tucker JD. Low Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Testing Rates Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Guangdong and Shandong Provinces, China. Sex Transm Dis 2019; 46:260-265. [PMID: 30601282 PMCID: PMC8159294 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000000963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although periodic chlamydia and gonorrhea testing is recommended for men who have sex with men (MSM), little is known about testing rates in China. This study examines chlamydia and gonorrhea testing rates and testing correlates among Chinese MSM. METHODS An online survey of MSM was conducted in August 2017. Men 16 years or older who had ever had sex with a man were enrolled through a gay social networking mobile application. We asked men about their sexual behaviors, community engagement in sexual health, and previous testing for chlamydia, gonorrhea, and HIV. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to examine the association of testing with community engagement and recent HIV testing. RESULTS Of 1031 men, 819 (79.5%) were younger than 30 years, and 263 (25.5%) reported condomless sex in the past 3 months. In total, 294 (28.5%) men tested for chlamydia, 315 (30.6%) men tested for gonorrhea, and 817 (79.2%) men tested for HIV. One hundred twenty-five (42.5%) men who received chlamydia testing and 134 (42.5%) men who received gonorrhea testing had substantial community engagement. Compared with men with no/minimal community engagement, men with substantial community engagement had greater odds of chlamydia testing (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 2.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9-4.3) and gonorrhea testing (AOR, 2.9; 95% CI, 2.0-4.4). Men with recent HIV testing were more likely to have received chlamydia testing (AOR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1-2.0) and gonorrhea testing (AOR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2-2.1). CONCLUSIONS Chlamydia and gonorrhea testing levels are low among Chinese MSM. Integrating chlamydia and gonorrhea test promotion strategies into HIV prevention programs that engage MSM communities may help bridge the gap.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hongyun Fu
- Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
| | | | - Chongyi Wei
- Department of Social and Behavior Health Sciences, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ
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99819
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Casalenovo MB, Rosa PS, de Faria Bertoluci DF, Barbosa ASAA, do Nascimento DC, de Souza VNB, Nogueira MRS. Myelination key factor krox-20 is downregulated in Schwann cells and murine sciatic nerves infected by Mycobacterium leprae. Int J Exp Pathol 2019; 100:83-93. [PMID: 31090128 PMCID: PMC6540694 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells (SCs) critically maintain the plasticity of the peripheral nervous system. Peripheral nerve injuries and infections stimulate SCs in order to retrieve homeostasis in neural tissues. Previous studies indicate that Mycobacterium leprae (ML) regulates the expression of key factors related to SC identity, suggesting that alterations in cell phenotype may be involved in the pathogenesis of neural damage in leprosy. To better understand whether ML restricts the plasticity of peripheral nerves, the present study sought to determine the expression of Krox-20, Sox-10, c-Jun and p75NTR in SC culture and mice sciatic nerves, both infected by ML Thai-53 strain. Primary SC cultures were stimulated with two different multiplicities of infection (MOI 100:1; MOI 50:1) and assessed after 7 and 14 days. Sciatic nerves of nude mice (NU-Foxn1nu ) infected with ML were evaluated after 6 and 9 months. In vitro results demonstrate downregulation of Krox-20 and Sox-10 along with the increase in p75NTR-immunolabelled cells. Concurrently, sciatic nerves of infected mice showed a significant decrease in Krox-20 and increase in p75NTR. Our results corroborate previous findings on the interference of ML in the expression of factors involved in cell maturation, favouring the maintenance of a non-myelinating phenotype in SCs, with possible implications for the repair of adult peripheral nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Bertolucci Casalenovo
- School of Medicine of BotucatuSão Paulo State UniversityBotucatuBrazil
- Lauro de Souza Lima InstituteSecretariat of Health of São PauloBauruSão PauloBrazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Vânia Nieto Brito de Souza
- School of Medicine of BotucatuSão Paulo State UniversityBotucatuBrazil
- Lauro de Souza Lima InstituteSecretariat of Health of São PauloBauruSão PauloBrazil
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99820
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Alwan SN, Shamran HA, Ghaib AH, Kadhim HS, Al-Mayah QS, AL-Saffar AJ, Bayati AH, Arif HS, Fu J, Wickes BL. Genotyping of Cytomegalovirus from Symptomatic Infected Neonates in Iraq. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2019; 100:957-963. [PMID: 30810104 PMCID: PMC6447132 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Among all other viruses, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the most frequent cause of congenital infection worldwide. Strain variation in HCMV may predict severity or outcome of congenital HCMV disease. Previous studies have associated a particular genotype with specific sequelae or more severe illness, but the results were contradictory. There are no previous studies addressing the genotype of HCMV in Iraq. Therefore, the present study is aimed at molecular detection and genotyping of HCMV isolated from symptomatic congenitally/perinatally infected neonates. This prospective study comprised 24 serum samples from symptomatic neonates with congenital/perinatal infection. Viral DNA was extracted from these serum samples; nested polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify the HCMV gB (UL55) gene. Polymerase chain reaction products of the second round of amplification were subjected to direct Sanger sequencing. Bioedit and MEGA5 software (EMBL-EBI, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK) were used for alignment and construction of a phylogenetic tree. Human cytomegalovirus DNA was detected in 23 of 24 samples (95.8%). According to the phylogenetic analysis, three genotypes of the virus were identified; gB1, gB2, and gB3 genotypes. However, the gB4 genotype was not detected. Human cytomegalovirus gB3 was the most frequent genotype: 14 of 24 (58.33%) among symptomatic infected infants, followed by gB1 (6/24; 25%) and gB2 (4/24; 16.67%). A mixed HCMV infection with gB3/gB1 was detected in only one case. Human cytomegalovirus gB3 was the most predominant genotype among symptomatic congenitally/perinatally HCMV-infected neonates. No association was found between B3 genotype and specific clinical presentation. Jaundice was the most common clinical feature among symptomatically infected neonates, followed by hepatosplenomegaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevan N. Alwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, UT Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Haidar A. Shamran
- Medical Research Unit, College of Medicine, University of AL-Nahrain, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Avan H. Ghaib
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Haider S. Kadhim
- Microbiology Department, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Qasim S. Al-Mayah
- Medical Research Unit, College of Medicine, University of AL-Nahrain, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Atheer J. AL-Saffar
- Community and Family Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali H. Bayati
- Community Health Department, Technical College of Health, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Hala S. Arif
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Jianmin Fu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UT Heath at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Brian L. Wickes
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UT Heath at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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99821
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MacLean SBM, Phadnis J, Ling CM, Bain GI. Application of dermal chlorhexidine antisepsis is ineffective at reducing Proprionibacterium acnes colonization in shoulder surgery. Shoulder Elbow 2019; 11:98-105. [PMID: 30936948 PMCID: PMC6434954 DOI: 10.1177/1758573218755570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chlorhexidine as a skin surface antiseptic has been shown to be ineffective with respect to reducing Proprionibacterium acnes colonization within the dermis. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the application of aqueous chlorhexidine solution to the dermal layer decreased P. acnes colonization during open shoulder surgery. METHODS The present study enrolled 50 patients who were undergoing open shoulder surgery. Patients received standard antimicrobial preparation. Three dermal swabs were taken from each patient: swab 1 following skin incision; swab taken 2 minutes to 5 minutes post-application of aqueous chlorhexidine to the dermis; and swab 3 taken 60 minutes post-application. RESULTS Mean age was 57.5 years (22 males, 28 females). There were 21 patients (42%) with P. acnes present on any dermal swab. There were significantly more P. acnes positive cultures identified at swab 3 compared to swab 1 (p = 0.043). In nine patients with positive P. acnes at cultures swab 1, eight also isolated P. acnes after at swabs 2 or 3. Males were significantly more likely to have P. acnes on any swab (p < 0.001). Positive P. acnes cultures were significantly more common in patients ≤50 years (p < .001). None of the patients had any clinical signs of infection at a minimum of 1 year following surgery. CONCLUSIONS Dermal application of aqueous chlorhexidine during open shoulder surgery fails to eradicate or reduce P. acnes on deep cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon B. M. MacLean
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia,Simon B. M. MacLean, Unit 6, 57 Lambert St, Kangaroo Point, Queensland 4169, Australia.
| | - Joideep Phadnis
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals, Brighton, UK
| | - Chi M. Ling
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Gregory I. Bain
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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99822
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Bacteriophage Therapy Testing Against Shigella flexneri in a Novel Human Intestinal Organoid-Derived Infection Model. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2019; 68:509-516. [PMID: 30418409 PMCID: PMC6939622 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Enteric bacterial pathogens cause diarrheal disease and mortality at significant rates throughout the world, particularly in children younger than 5 years. Our ability to combat bacterial pathogens has been hindered by antibiotic resistance, a lack of effective vaccines, and accurate models of infection. With the renewed interest in bacteriophage therapy, we sought to use a novel human intestinal model to investigate the efficacy of a newly isolated bacteriophage against Shigella flexneri. METHODS An S. flexneri 2457T-specific bacteriophage was isolated and assessed through kill curve experiments and infection assays with colorectal adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells and a novel human intestinal organoid-derived epithelial monolayer model. In our treatment protocol, organoids were generated from intestinal crypt stem cells, expanded in culture, and seeded onto transwells to establish 2-dimensional monolayers that differentiate into intestinal cells. RESULTS The isolated bacteriophage efficiently killed S. flexneri 2457T, other S. flexneri strains, and a strain of 2457T harboring an antibiotic resistance cassette. Analyses with laboratory and commensal Escherichia coli strains demonstrated that the bacteriophage was specific to S. flexneri, as observed under co-culture conditions. Importantly, the bacteriophage prevented both S. flexneri 2457T epithelial cell adherence and invasion in both infection models. CONCLUSIONS Bacteriophages offer feasible alternatives to antibiotics for eliminating enteric pathogens, confirmed here by the bacteriophage-targeted killing of S. flexneri. Furthermore, application of the organoid model has provided important insight into Shigella pathogenesis and bacteriophage-dependent intervention strategies. The screening platform described herein provides proof-of-concept analysis for the development of novel bacteriophage therapies to target antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
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99823
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Huang Y, Xue C, He W, Zhao X. Inhibition effect of Zedoary turmeric oil on Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus growth and exotoxin proteins production. J Med Microbiol 2019; 68:657-666. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Huang
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tonghua Normal University, 134000 Tonghua, PR China
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, PR China
| | - Changsong Xue
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Tonghua Normal University, 134000 Tonghua, PR China
| | - Wenbing He
- Changbai Mountain Edible Plant Resources Research and Development Engineering Center, Tonghua Normal University, 134002 Tonghua, PR China
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tonghua Normal University, 134000 Tonghua, PR China
| | - Xingchen Zhao
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tonghua Normal University, 134000 Tonghua, PR China
- Changbai Mountain Edible Plant Resources Research and Development Engineering Center, Tonghua Normal University, 134002 Tonghua, PR China
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99824
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Gobbi F, Tamarozzi F, Buonfrate D, Rodari P, Tais S, Bisoffi Z. Laboratory Parameters after Treatment for Loa loa and Mansonella perstans: The Experience of a Single Referral Center for Tropical Diseases in a Non-Endemic Area. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2019; 100:914-920. [PMID: 30693861 PMCID: PMC6447121 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections due to Loa loa and Mansonella perstans are common yet elusive neglected filariases. Parasitological cure after treatment is very difficult to assess, as adult parasites are not accessible. Therefore, outside transmission areas, patients require a long follow-up period to ascertain the therapeutic outcome, which is impractical for non-sedentary populations such as migrants. We studied the change over time of microfilaremia, eosinophil counts, and antifilarial antibodies tested with a commercial ELISA test (Bordier Affinity Products, Crissier, Switzerland), in a retrospective cohort of patients with confirmed L. loa and M. perstans infections, to evaluate the role of serology in clinical practice. After treatment, all 22 eligible patients diagnosed in our center between 2015 and 2017 reached amicrofilaremia, with microfilarial counts decreasing sharply within 2 months. Paralleling eosinophil counts, antibodies decreased in all patients, 36% of whom reached sero-reversion or near-sero-reversion in < 20 months. These findings suggest that positive serology is not just residual from a past infection, and may be used for diagnosis even when microfilaremia is negative or cannot be performed. Interestingly, antibodies and eosinophil counts increased following some, but not all, re-treatment courses. If the rise in these parameters reflects death of macrofilariae, caution is required in interpreting high eosinophil counts and antibody titers shortly after treatment, as these may reflect no need for further treatment. To optimize patients' management, it is now pivotal to ascertain the interval between treatment and macrofilarial death and therefore whether re-treatments are required for complete clearance of parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Gobbi
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, IRCCS Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Italy
| | - Francesca Tamarozzi
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, IRCCS Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Italy
| | - Dora Buonfrate
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, IRCCS Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Italy
| | - Paola Rodari
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, IRCCS Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Italy
| | - Stefano Tais
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, IRCCS Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Italy
| | - Zeno Bisoffi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Section, Diagnostic and Public Health Department, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, IRCCS Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Italy
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99825
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Ntalos D, Berger-Groch J, Rohde H, Grossterlinden LG, Both A, Luebke A, Hartel MJ, Klatte TO. Implementation of a multidisciplinary infections conference affects the treatment plan in prosthetic joint infections of the hip: a retrospective study. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2019; 139:467-473. [PMID: 30488282 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-018-3079-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Establishing a systematic multidisciplinary approach in the treatment of prosthetic joint infections (PJI) of the hip and analyzing its effect on clinical decision-making. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-six patients diagnosed with PJI of the hip were included in the retrospective study. The treatment plan was either established by a single-discipline approach (n = 20) or by a weekly multidisciplinary infections conference (n = 26) consisting of at least an orthopedic surgeon, microbiologist and pathologist. Recorded data included the length of hospital stay, number and type of surgeries, medical complications, recovered organisms as well as the number of applied antibiotics. RESULTS Patients discussed in the multidisciplinary infections conference showed a significantly shorter in-hospital stay (29 vs 62 days; p < 0.05), a significant reduction in surgeries (1.8 vs 5.1; p < 0.05) and a smaller number of antibiotics required (2.8 vs 4.2; p < 0.05). No significant difference could be found comparing inpatient complications between the two groups. Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most frequently recovered organisms in both patient groups. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the successful implementation of a weekly infections conference as an instrument to introduce a multidisciplinary approach to PJI of the hip. Implementation of these conferences significantly improves the treatment plan compared to a single-discipline approach, which we therefore highly recommend for other institutions. Multidiscipline may even affect clinical outcome which needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Ntalos
- Department of Trauma-, Hand-, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - J Berger-Groch
- Department of Trauma-, Hand-, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - H Rohde
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - L G Grossterlinden
- Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma and Spine Surgery, Asklepios Hospital Altona, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Both
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Luebke
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M J Hartel
- Department of Trauma-, Hand-, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - T O Klatte
- Department of Trauma-, Hand-, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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99826
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Green TJ, Siboni N, King WL, Labbate M, Seymour JR, Raftos D. Simulated Marine Heat Wave Alters Abundance and Structure of Vibrio Populations Associated with the Pacific Oyster Resulting in a Mass Mortality Event. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2019; 77:736-747. [PMID: 30097682 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-018-1242-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Marine heat waves are predicted to become more frequent and intense due to anthropogenically induced climate change, which will impact global production of seafood. Links between rising seawater temperature and disease have been documented for many aquaculture species, including the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. The oyster harbours a diverse microbial community that may act as a source of opportunistic pathogens during temperature stress. We rapidly raised the seawater temperature from 20 °C to 25 °C resulting in an oyster mortality rate of 77.4%. Under the same temperature conditions and with the addition of antibiotics, the mortality rate was only 4.3%, strongly indicating a role for bacteria in temperature-induced mortality. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing revealed a change in the oyster microbiome when the temperature was increased to 25 °C, with a notable increase in the proportion of Vibrio sequences. This pattern was confirmed by qPCR, which revealed heat stress increased the abundance of Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio fortis by 324-fold and 10-fold, respectively. Our findings indicate that heat stress-induced mortality of C. gigas coincides with an increase in the abundance of putative bacterial pathogens in the oyster microbiome and highlights the negative consequences of marine heat waves on food production from aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Green
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
- Centre for Shellfish Research, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, Canada.
| | - Nachshon Siboni
- Climate Change Cluster (C3) Ocean Microbes Group, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - William L King
- Climate Change Cluster (C3) Ocean Microbes Group, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- The School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maurizio Labbate
- The School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Justin R Seymour
- Climate Change Cluster (C3) Ocean Microbes Group, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - David Raftos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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99827
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Muthuirulandi Sethuvel DP, Devanga Ragupathi NK, Bakthavatchalam YD, Vijayakumar S, Varghese R, Shankar C, Jacob JJ, Vasudevan K, Elangovan D, Balaji V. Current strategy for local- to global-level molecular epidemiological characterisation of global antimicrobial resistance surveillance system pathogens. Indian J Med Microbiol 2019; 37:147-162. [PMID: 31745014 DOI: 10.4103/ijmm.ijmm_19_396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The prime goal of molecular epidemiology is to identify the origin and evolution of pathogens, which can potentially influence the public health worldwide. Traditional methods provide limited information which is not sufficient for outbreak investigation and studying transmission dynamics. The recent advancement of next-generation sequencing had a major impact on molecular epidemiological studies. Currently, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has become the gold standard typing method, especially for clinically significant pathogens. Here, we aimed to describe the application of appropriate molecular typing methods for global antimicrobial resistance surveillance system pathogens based on the level of discrimination and epidemiological settings. This shows that sequence-based methods such as multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) are widely used due to cost-effectiveness and database accessibility. However, WGS is the only method of choice for studying Escherichia coli and Shigella spp. WGS is shown to have higher discrimination than other methods in typing Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii and Salmonella spp. due to its changing accessory genome content. For Gram positives such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, WGS would be preferable to understand the evolution of the strains. Similarly, for Staphylococcus aureus, combination of MLST, staphylococcal protein A or SCCmec typing along with WGS could be the choice for epidemiological typing of hospital- and community-acquired strains. This review highlights that combinations of different typing methods should be used to get complete information since no one standalone method is sufficient to study the varying genome diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Saranya Vijayakumar
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rosemol Varghese
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chaitra Shankar
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jobin John Jacob
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Karthick Vasudevan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Divyaa Elangovan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Veeraraghavan Balaji
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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99828
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Parker DM. Humans, macaques, and malaria parasites in a shared and changing landscape. Lancet Planet Health 2019; 3:e157-e158. [PMID: 31029227 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(19)30061-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Parker
- Department of Population Health and Disease Prevention, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-3957, USA.
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99829
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Li Y, Tang X, Zhao Z, Wang H, Wang X, Shang X, Liu P, Kou Z, Jiang Y, Li Y. Intranasal immunization with recombinant outer membrane protein A induces protective immune response against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214596. [PMID: 30934008 PMCID: PMC6443155 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia), a multi-drug resistant opportunistic pathogen, is associated with nosocomial and community-acquired infections. Preventive and therapeutic strategies for such infections are greatly needed. In this study, sequence alignment analysis revealed that Outer membrane protein A (OmpA) was highly conserved among S. maltophilia strains but shared no significant similarity with human and mouse proteomes. In mice, intranasal immunization with S. maltophilia recombinant OmpA (rOmpA) without additional adjuvant induced sustained mucosal and systemic rOmpA-specific antibody responses. Treatment with rOmpA stimulated significantly higher levels of secretion of IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-17A (All P<0.05) from the primary splenocytes isolated from rOmpA-immunized mice than from the primary splenocytes isolated from PBS-immunized mice. Furthermore, mice immunized with rOmpA showed significantly reduced bacterial burden in the lung and reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) 24 hours after intranasal S. maltophilia infection, indicating that immunization with rOmpA may have protective effects against S. maltophilia challenge in mice. Our findings suggest that intranasal immunization with rOmpA may induce mucosal and systemic immune responses in mice, trigger Th1- and Th17-mediated cellular immune responses, and thus stimulate host immune defense against S. maltophilia infection. These results also demonstrate that intranasal vaccination may offer an alternative approach to current strategies since it induces a mucosal as well as a systemic immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- No 307 Hospital of PLA of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, No 307 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China.,Department of Respiratory and Digestive, Fengyang First People's Hospital, Fengyang, Anhui, China
| | - Xueping Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, No 307 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Zunquan Zhao
- The Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- The Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, No 307 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyi Shang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, No 307 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- The Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihua Kou
- The Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Jiang
- The Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- No 307 Hospital of PLA of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, No 307 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
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99830
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Moodley K, Coovadia YM, Cohen C, Meiring S, Lengana S, De Gouveia L, von Mollendorf C, Crowther-Gibson P, Quan V, Eley B, Reubenson G, Nana T, von Gottberg A. Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Neonates Prior to Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Use in South Africa: 2003-2008. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2019; 38:424-430. [PMID: 30882740 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000002096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in developing countries is poorly described. We provide a baseline description of neonatal IPD in South Africa, before implementation of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in 2009. METHODS Data from children (age ≤ 2 years) with IPD (pneumococcus identified from a normally sterile specimen) from January 2003 to December 2008 were extracted from a national laboratory-based surveillance database. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of IPD among neonates (0-27 days old) was compared with IPD among young children (≥ 28 days ≤ 2 years). Early-onset IPD (0-6 days old) was compared with late-onset IPD (≥ 7-27 days old). Isolates were serotyped using the Quellung reaction. RESULTS Overall 27,630 IPD cases were reported. Of the 26,277 (95%) with known ages, 6583 (25%) were ≤ 2 years of age, of which 4.5% (294/6583) were neonates. The estimated annual incidence of neonatal IPD in 2008 was 5 per 100,000 live births. Fifty-one percent of neonates with IPD presented with early-onset IPD. Case fatality ratios (CFRs) were high in both groups, 31% (28/89) in neonatal IPD versus 26% (614/2383) in non-neonatal IPD (P = 0.18). Among neonates, the meningitis cases (15/37, 41%) were associated with the highest CFR. The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) serotypes accounted for 69% (134/194) of neonatal IPD isolates. CONCLUSIONS Pneumococcal neonatal disease in South Africa was not uncommon before PCV introduction and is associated with a high CFR. The indirect effect on neonatal IPD of PCV rollout requires further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnee Moodley
- From the Microbiology, Lancet Laboratories, Kwa-Zulu Natal
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of Kwa-Zulu-Natal, Durban
| | - Yacoob Mahomed Coovadia
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban
| | - Cheryl Cohen
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg
| | - Susan Meiring
- Division of Public Health Surveillance and Response, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg
| | - Sarona Lengana
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg
| | - Linda De Gouveia
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg
| | - Claire von Mollendorf
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg
| | - Penny Crowther-Gibson
- Division of Public Health Surveillance and Response, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg
| | - Vanessa Quan
- Division of Public Health Surveillance and Response, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg
| | - Brian Eley
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town
| | - Gary Reubenson
- Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng
| | - Trusha Nana
- Department of Microbiology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg
| | - Anne von Gottberg
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg
- School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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99831
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Wright BW, Kamath KS, Krisp C, Molloy MP. Proteome profiling of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 identifies novel responders to copper stress. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:69. [PMID: 30935370 PMCID: PMC6444534 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1441-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The opportunistic pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is well known for its environmental and metabolic versatility, yet many of the functions of its gene-products remain to be fully elucidated. This study's objective was to illuminate the potential functions of under-described gene-products during the medically relevant copper-stress condition. RESULTS We used data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry to quantitate protein expression changes associated with copper stress in P. aeruginosa PAO1. Approximately 2000 non-redundant proteins were quantified, with 78 proteins altering in abundance by +/- 1.5-fold or more when cultured to mid-log growth in the presence of 50 μM copper sulfate. One-third of those differentially expressed proteins have no prior established functional roles. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence for the functional involvement of some specific proteins in enabling P. aeruginosa to survive under sub-lethal concentrations of copper. This further paves the way for targeted investigations into the specific mechanisms of their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley W. Wright
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109 Australia
| | - Karthik S. Kamath
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109 Australia
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109 Australia
| | - Christoph Krisp
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109 Australia
| | - Mark P. Molloy
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109 Australia
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109 Australia
- Present address: Bowel Cancer and Biomarker Laboratory, Kolling Instiute, The University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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99832
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Joji RM, Al-Rashed N, Saeed NK, Bindayna KM. Detection of VIM and NDM-1 metallo-beta-lactamase genes in carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains in Bahrain. J Lab Physicians 2019; 11:138-143. [PMID: 31160853 PMCID: PMC6543932 DOI: 10.4103/jlp.jlp_118_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa has emerged as a life-threatening infectious agent worldwide. Carbapenemase genes are reported to be some of the most common mechanisms for carbapenem resistance in P. aeruginosa. No reports are available from the Kingdom of Bahrain about carbapenem resistance and the underlying cause. In this study, we determined to study the presence of the metallo-beta-lactamase (MβL) genes of VIM family and NDM-1 in carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa strains. METHODOLOGY Fifty carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates were obtained from three main hospitals of Bahrain. They were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing by disc diffusion test. Subsequently, MβL was detected by imipenem-ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) combined disc test and conventional polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Among 50 P. aeruginosa strains, 40 (80%) were imipenem resistant. Among the 40 imipenem-resistant strains, 35 (87.5%) strains were positive for the imipenem-EDTA combined disc test, and 21 (52%) were carrying MβL genes. Nineteen (47.5%) strains were positive for the VIM gene; one (2.5%) strain was carrying the NDM-1 gene, while one strain was carrying both the VIM and NDM-1 genes. None of the imipenem sensitive strains carried the VIM or NDM-1 gene. CONCLUSION This is the first study to report the presence of the VIM family gene and NDM-1 genes in imipenem-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The study also confirms the multiple drug resistance by the MβL strains, attention should therefore from now on, be focused on prevention of further spread of such isolates by firm infection control measures, and to reduce its threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronni Mol Joji
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Disease, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Nouf Al-Rashed
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Disease, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Nermin Kamal Saeed
- Department of Pathology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Khalid Mubarak Bindayna
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Disease, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
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99833
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Zhi HJ, Zhu HY, Zhang YY, Lu Y, Li H, Chen DF. In vivo effect of quantified flavonoids-enriched extract of Scutellaria baicalensis root on acute lung injury induced by influenza A virus. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 57:105-116. [PMID: 30668313 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scutellaria baicalensis root is traditionally used for the treatment of common cold, fever and influenza. Flavonoids are the major chemical components of S. baicalensis root. PURPOSE To evaluate the therapeutic effects and action mechanism of flavonoids-enriched extract from S. baicalensis root (FESR) on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by influenza A virus (IAV) in mice. METHODS The anti-influenza, anti-inflammatory and anti-complementary properties of FESR and the main flavonoids were evaluated in vitro. Mice were challenged intranasally with influenza virus H1N1 (A/FM/1/47) 2 h before treatment. FESR (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) was administrated intragastrically. Baicalin (BG), the most abundant compound in FESR was given as reference control. Survival rates, life spans and lung indexes of IAV-infected mice were measured. Histopathological changes, virus levels, inflammatory markers and complement deposition in lungs were analyzed. RESULT Compared with the main compound BG, FESR and lower content aglycones (baicalein, oroxylin A, wogonin and chrysin) in FESR significantly inhibited H1N1 activity in virus-infected Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells and markedly decreased nitric oxide (NO) production from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In vitro assays showed that FESR and BG had no anti-complementary activity whereas baicalein, oroxylin A, wogonin and chrysin exhibited obvious anti-complementary activity. Oral administration of FESR effectively protected the IAV-infected mice, increased the survival rate (FESR: 67%; BG: 33%), decreased the lung index (FESR: 0.90; BG: 1.00) and improved the lung morphology in comparing with BG group. FESR efficiently decreased lung virus titers, reduced haemagglutinin (HA) titers and inhibited neuraminidase (NA) activities in lungs of IAV-infected mice. FESR modulated the inflammatory responses by decreasing the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and increasing the levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in lung tissues. Although showing no anti-complementary activity in vitro, FESR obviously reduced complement deposition and decreased complement activation product level in the lung . CONCLUSION FESR has a great potential for the treatment of ALI induced by IAV and the underlying action mechanism might be closely associated with antiviral, anti-inflammatory and anti-complementary properties. Furthermore, FESR resulted in more potent therapeutic effect than BG in the treatment of IAV-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Juan Zhi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hai-Yan Zhu
- Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yun-Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Dao-Feng Chen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
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99834
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Bartlett AW, Cann MP, Yeoh DK, Bernard A, Ryan AL, Blyth CC, Kotecha RS, McMullan BJ, Moore AS, Haeusler GM, Clark JE. Epidemiology of invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised children; an Australian national 10-year review. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019; 66:e27564. [PMID: 30511385 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A thorough understanding of local and contemporary invasive fungal infection (IFI) epidemiology in immunocompromised children is required to provide a rationale for targeted prevention and treatment strategies. METHODS Retrospective data over 10 years from four tertiary pediatric oncology and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) units across Australia were analyzed to report demographic, clinical, and mycological characteristics of IFI episodes, and crude IFI prevalence in select oncology/HSCT groups. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were used to calculate 180-day overall survival. RESULTS A total of 337 IFI episodes occurred in 320 children, of which 149 (44.2%), 51 (15.1%), and 110 (32.6%) met a modified European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (mEORTC) criteria for proven, probable, and possible IFI, respectively. There were a further 27 (8.0%) that met a "modified possible IFI" criteria. Median age at IFI diagnosis was 8.4 years. Crude mEORTC IFI prevalence in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, solid tumor, and allogeneic HSCT cohorts was 10.6%, 28.2%, 4.4%, and 11.7%, respectively. Non-Aspergillus species represented 48/102 (47.1%) molds identified, and non-albicans Candida represented 66/93 (71.0%) yeasts identified. There were 56 deaths among 297 children who met mEORTC criteria, with 180-day overall survival for proven, probable, and possible IFIs of 79.7%, 76.2%, and 84.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION Non-Aspergillus molds and non-albicans Candida contributed substantially to pediatric IFI in our study, with high IFI prevalence in leukemia and allogeneic HSCT cohorts. Inclusion of IFIs outside of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer criteria revealed an IFI burden that would go otherwise unrecognized in published reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam W Bartlett
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,Biostatistics and Databases Program, Kirby Institute, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Megan P Cann
- Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Children's Health Queensland, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Daniel K Yeoh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anne Bernard
- QFAB Bioinformatics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anne L Ryan
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher C Blyth
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Western Australia, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rishi S Kotecha
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Brendan J McMullan
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew S Moore
- Department of Oncology, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Children's Health Queensland, South Brisbane, Australia.,Infection Management Service, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Children's Health Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland
| | - Gabrielle M Haeusler
- The Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Infection and Immunity, Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Monash University, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julia E Clark
- Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Children's Health Queensland, South Brisbane, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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99835
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Using Machine Learning to Predict Progression in the Gastric Precancerous Process in a Population from a Developing Country Who Underwent a Gastroscopy for Dyspeptic Symptoms. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2019; 2019:8321942. [PMID: 31065263 PMCID: PMC6466893 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8321942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer and the third most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Morbidity and mortality from gastric cancer may be decreased by identification of those that are at high risk for progression in the gastric precancerous process so that they can be monitored over time for early detection and implementation of preventive strategies. Method Using machine learning, we developed prediction models for gastric precancerous progression in a population from a developing country with a high rate of gastric cancer who underwent gastroscopies for dyspeptic symptoms. In the data imputed for completeness, we divided the data into a training and a validation test set. Using the training set, we used the random forest method to rank potential predictors based on their predictive importance. Using predictors identified by the random forest method, we conducted best subset linear regressions with the leave-one-out cross-validation approach to select predictors for overall progression and progression to dysplasia or cancer. We validated the models in the test set using leave-one-out cross-validation. Results We observed for all models that complete intestinal metaplasia and incomplete intestinal metaplasia were the strongest predictors for further progression in the precancerous process. We also observed that a diagnosis of no gastritis, superficial gastritis, or antral diffuse gastritis at baseline was a predictor of no progression in the gastric precancerous process. The sensitivities and specificities were 86% and 79% for the general model and 100% and 82% for the location-specific model, respectively. Conclusion We developed prediction models to identify gastroscopy patients that are more likely to progress in the gastric precancerous process, among whom routine follow-up gastroscopies can be targeted to prevent gastric cancer. Future external validation is needed.
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99836
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Arnal A, Waleckx E, Rico-Chávez O, Herrera C, Dumonteil E. Estimating the current burden of Chagas disease in Mexico: A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological surveys from 2006 to 2017. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0006859. [PMID: 30964871 PMCID: PMC6474657 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Mexico, estimates of Chagas disease prevalence and burden vary widely. Updating surveillance data is therefore an important priority to ensure that Chagas disease does not remain a barrier to the development of Mexico's most vulnerable populations. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyze the literature on epidemiological surveys to estimate Chagas disease prevalence and burden in Mexico, during the period 2006 to 2017. A total of 2,764 articles were screened and 36 were retained for the final analysis. Epidemiological surveys have been performed in most of Mexico, but with variable study scale and geographic coverage. Based on studies reporting confirmed cases (i.e. using at least 2 serological tests), and taking into account the differences in sample sizes, the national estimated seroprevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection was 3.38% [95%CI 2.59-4.16], suggesting that there are 4.06 million cases in Mexico. Studies focused on pregnant women, which may transmit the parasite to their newborn during pregnancy, reported an estimated seroprevalence of 2.21% [95%CI 1.46-2.96], suggesting that there are 50,675 births from T. cruzi infected pregnant women per year, and 3,193 cases of congenitally infected newborns per year. Children under 18 years had an estimated seropositivity rate of 1.51% [95%CI 0.77-2.25], which indicate ongoing transmission. Cases of T. cruzi infection in blood donors have also been reported in most states, with a national estimated seroprevalence of 0.55% [95%CI 0.43-0.66]. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our analysis suggests a disease burden for T. cruzi infection higher than previously recognized, highlighting the urgency of establishing Chagas disease surveillance and control as a key national public health priority in Mexico, to ensure that it does not remain a major barrier to the economic and social development of the country's most vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Arnal
- Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, calle 96 s/n x av. Jacinto Canek y calle 47, Col. Paseo de las Fuentes, CP 97225, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Etienne Waleckx
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, calle 96 s/n x av. Jacinto Canek y calle 47, Col. Paseo de las Fuentes, CP 97225, Mérida, Yucatán, México
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR INTERTRYP IRD, CIRAD, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Oscar Rico-Chávez
- Departamento de Etología, Fauna Silvestre y Animales de Laboratorio, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México, México
| | - Claudia Herrera
- Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, and Vector-Borne and Infectious Disease Research Center, Tulane University, 1440 Canal St., New Orleans, LA 70112, United States of America
| | - Eric Dumonteil
- Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, and Vector-Borne and Infectious Disease Research Center, Tulane University, 1440 Canal St., New Orleans, LA 70112, United States of America
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99837
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Albuquerque RC, Moreno ACR, Dos Santos SR, Ragazzi SLB, Martinez MB. Multiplex-PCR for diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 50:435-443. [PMID: 30796713 PMCID: PMC6863191 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00055-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the great lethality and sequels caused by meningitis, rapid diagnosis and prompt treatment initiation have a great impact on patient outcome. Here, we developed a multiplex-PCR for simultaneous detection of the four most prevalent bacterial pathogens directly in CSF samples. The multiplex-PCR was designed to detect the following genes: fbsA (Streptococcus agalactiae), lytA (Streptococcus pneumoniae), crtA (Neisseria meningitidis), p6 (Haemophilus influenzae), and 16S rRNA (any bacterial agent). The multiplex-PCR showed a DNA detection limit of 1 pg/μL. Among 447 CSF samples tested, 40 were multiplex-PCR positive, in which 27 and 13 had positive and negative bacterial culture, respectively. Our multiplex-PCR is fast, reliable, and easily implementable into a laboratory routine for bacterial meningitis confirmation, especially for patients who previously started antimicrobial therapy. Our molecular approach can substantially improve clinical diagnosis and epidemiological measures of meningitis disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Chaves Albuquerque
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Toxicology, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Ramos Moreno
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Toxicology, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
- Biomedical Sciences Institute, Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, USP, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Marina Baquerizo Martinez
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Toxicology, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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99838
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Li YY, Li QY, Zhang GL, Tian XY, Chen DP, Luo ZX. [Current status of antibiotic therapy for Staphylococcus aureus sepsis in children]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2019; 21:387-392. [PMID: 31014434 PMCID: PMC7389225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 08/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the current status of empirical antibiotic therapy for children with Staphylococcus aureus sepsis and the effect of therapeutic paradigm on prognosis based on a retrospective analysis. METHODS A total of 78 children with Staphylococcus aureus sepsis who were admitted from January 2014 to August 2017 were enrolled. According to the preferred empirical antibiotics before the detection of Staphylococcus aureus by blood culture, these children were divided into a carbapenem group with 16 children, a β-lactam group with 37 children, a vancomycin group with 15 children and a vancomycin+β-lactam group with 10 children. A retrospective analysis was performed for related clinical data including general status, underlying diseases, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score, history of use of immunosuppressant, drug resistance to methicillin and prognosis. A logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the effect of empirical antibiotic therapy on the clinical outcome and prognosis of children with Staphylococcus aureus sepsis. RESULTS There were no significant differences among these groups in general status, underlying diseases, history of use of immunosuppressant, APACHE II score, nosocomial infection and detection rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (P>0.05). There were significant differences in the incidence rate of septic shock and in-hospital mortality among these four groups (P<0.05). The carbapenem group had the highest incidence rate of septic shock and in-hospital mortality (69% and 50% respectively). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that empirical antibiotic therapy with different antibiotics had different risks for septic shock and in-hospital death in children with Staphylococcus aureus sepsis (P<0.05), and that an APACHE II score of ≥15 was an independent risk factor for septic shock in these children (P<0.05). The carbapenem group had significantly higher risks of septic shock and in-hospital death than the vancomycin group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Inappropriate empirical use of antibiotics may lead to a poor prognosis in children with Staphylococcus aureus sepsis. Empirical use of carbapenems is not recommended for children suspected of Staphylococcus aureus sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China.
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99839
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Elbehiry A, Al‐Dubaib M, Marzouk E, Moussa I. Antibacterial effects and resistance induction of silver and gold nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus-induced mastitis and the potential toxicity in rats. Microbiologyopen 2019; 8:e00698. [PMID: 30079629 PMCID: PMC6460268 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the prevalent mastitis-inducing pathogens worldwide. The resistance of S. aureus to antibiotics is a common issue for dairy farms. Recently, nanoparticles (NPs) have been used for treating antibiotic-resistant bacteria. We therefore aimed to investigate the antimicrobial effect of silver and gold NPs (AgNPs and AuNPs, respectively) and the resistance developed by S. aureus as well as the toxic effects of both NPs in rats. We used 198 S. aureus strains to determine the antibacterial effects of AgNPs and AuNPs. The microdilution method was used to establish the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of both NPs. To induce resistance, 20 S. aureus strains were passaged 10 times in broth medium with sublethal doses of NPs and an additional 10 times without NPs to examine the stability of resistance. Histopathology was performed after oral administration to the rats with the study doses of 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg of NPs for 30 days. The MICs of 10-nm AgNPs, 20-nm AgNPs, 10-nm AuNPs, and 20-nm AuNPs against S. aureus were 14.70 ± 1.19 μg/ml, 9.15 ± 0.13 μg/ml, 24.06 ± 2.36 μg/ml, and 18.52 ± 1.26 μg/ml, respectively. Most strains developed strong resistance when treated with 20-nm or 10-nm AgNPs, whereas only two strains were resistant to 10-nm AuNPs and three strains to 20-nm AuNPs. No cross-resistance between NPs and various antibiotics was identified in any of the adapted S. aureus strains. Organ histopathology revealed that 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg doses of AgNPs and AuNPs were not toxic to rat tissue. In contrast, a higher dose (2 mg/kg) of NPs impaired all organs tested. This study demonstrates the antibacterial effects of NPs. S. aureus strains develop resistance less frequently against AuNPs than AgNPs, and neither AuNPs nor AgNPs was toxic to rats at low doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Elbehiry
- Department of BacteriologyMycology and ImmunologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Sadat CitySadat CityEgypt
- Department of Public HealthCollege of Public Health and Health InformaticsQassim UniversityBuraidahSaudi Arabia
| | - Musaad Al‐Dubaib
- Department of Veterinary MedicineCollege of Agriculture and Veterinary MedicineQassim UniversityBuraidahSaudi Arabia
| | - Eman Marzouk
- Department of Medical laboratoriesCollege of Applied Medical ScienceQassim UniversityBuraidahSaudi Arabia
| | - Ihab Moussa
- Department of Botany and MicrobiologyCollege of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
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99840
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Tetz G, Collins M, Vikina D, Tetz V. In Vitro Activity of a Novel Antifungal Compound, MYC-053, against Clinically Significant Antifungal-Resistant Strains of Candida glabrata, Candida auris, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Pneumocystis spp. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:e01975-18. [PMID: 30917977 PMCID: PMC6437499 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01975-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
An urgent need exists for new antifungal compounds to treat fungal infections in immunocompromised patients. The aim of the current study was to investigate the potency of a novel antifungal compound, MYC-053, against the emerging yeast and yeast-like pathogens Candida glabrata, Candida auris, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Pneumocystis species. MYC-053 was equally effective against the susceptible control strains, clinical isolates, and resistant strains, with MICs of 0.125 to 4.0 μg/ml. Notably, unlike other antifungals such as azoles, polyenes, and echinocandins, MYC-053 was effective against Pneumocystis isolates, therefore being the only synthetic antifungal that may potentially be used against Pneumocystis spp., Candida spp., and Cryptococcus spp. MYC-053 was highly effective against preformed 48-h-old C. glabrata and C. neoformans biofilms, with minimal biofilm eradication concentrations equal to 1 to 4 times the MIC. Together, these data indicated that MYC-053 may be developed into a promising antifungal agent for the treatment and prevention of invasive fungal infections caused by yeasts and yeast-like fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tetz
- TGV-Therapeutics, New York, New York, USA
| | - M Collins
- Pulmonary Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - D Vikina
- Human Microbiology Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - V Tetz
- Human Microbiology Institute, New York, New York, USA
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99841
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Coker OO, Nakatsu G, Dai RZ, Wu WKK, Wong SH, Ng SC, Chan FKL, Sung JJY, Yu J. Enteric fungal microbiota dysbiosis and ecological alterations in colorectal cancer. Gut 2019; 68:654-662. [PMID: 30472682 PMCID: PMC6580778 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bacteriome and virome alterations are associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). Nevertheless, the gut fungal microbiota in CRC remains largely unexplored. We aimed to characterise enteric mycobiome in CRC. DESIGN Faecal shotgun metagenomic sequences of 184 patients with CRC, 197 patients with adenoma and 204 control subjects from Hong Kong were analysed (discovery cohort: 73 patients with CRC and 92 control subjects; validation cohort: 111 patients with CRC, 197 patients with adenoma and 112 controls from Hong Kong). CRC-associated fungal markers and ecological changes were also validated in additional independent cohorts of 90 patients with CRC, 42 patients with adenoma and 66 control subjects of published repository sequences from Germany and France. Assignment of taxonomies was performed by exact k-mer alignment against an integrated microbial reference genome database. RESULTS Principal component analysis revealed separate clusters for CRC and control (p<0.0001), with distinct mycobiomes in early-stage and late-stage CRC (p=0.0048). Basidiomycota:Ascomycota ratio was higher in CRC (p=0.0042), with increase in Malasseziomycetes (p<0.0001) and decrease in Saccharomycetes (p<0.0001) and Pneumocystidomycetes (p=0.0017). Abundances of 14 fungal biomarkers distinguished CRC from controls with an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.93 and validated AUCs of 0.82 and 0.74 in independent Chinese cohort V1 and European cohort V2, respectively. Further ecological analysis revealed higher numbers of co-occurring fungal intrakingdom and co-exclusive bacterial-fungal correlations in CRC (p<0.0001). Moreover, co-occurrence interactions between fungi and bacteria, mostly contributed by fungal Ascomycota and bacterial Proteobacteria in control, were reverted to co-exclusive interplay in CRC (p=0.00045). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed CRC-associated mycobiome dysbiosis characterised by altered fungal composition and ecology, signifying that the gut mycobiome might play a role in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olabisi Oluwabukola Coker
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Geicho Nakatsu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Rudin Zhenwei Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - William Ka Kei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong,Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sunny Hei Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Siew Chien Ng
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Francis Ka Leung Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Joseph Jao Yiu Sung
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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99842
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Alcazer V, Conrad A, Valour F, Bachy E, Salles G, Huynh A, Latour RP, Labussière‐Wallet H, Ader F. Early-onset severe infections in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients with graft failure. Am J Hematol 2019; 94:E109-E111. [PMID: 30663089 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.25406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Alcazer
- Department of Hematology Hospices Civils de Lyon Lyon France
| | - Anne Conrad
- Department of Infectious Diseases Hospices Civils de Lyon Lyon France
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm 1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon Lyon France
| | - Florent Valour
- Department of Infectious Diseases Hospices Civils de Lyon Lyon France
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm 1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon Lyon France
| | - Emmanuel Bachy
- Department of Hematology Hospices Civils de Lyon Lyon France
- INSERM1052, CNRS 5286, Université Claude Bernard Faculté de Médecine Lyon‐Sud Charles Mérieux Lyon‐1 Pierre Bénite France
| | - Gilles Salles
- Department of Hematology Hospices Civils de Lyon Lyon France
- INSERM1052, CNRS 5286, Université Claude Bernard Faculté de Médecine Lyon‐Sud Charles Mérieux Lyon‐1 Pierre Bénite France
| | - Anne Huynh
- Department of Hematology Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole Toulouse France
| | - Régis Peffault Latour
- Department of Hematology, Hôpital Saint‐Louis Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris Paris France
- Université Paris Diderot Paris France
| | | | - Florence Ader
- Department of Infectious Diseases Hospices Civils de Lyon Lyon France
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm 1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon Lyon France
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99843
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Kaushik M, Khare N, Kumar S, Gulati P. High Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance and Integrons inEscherichia coliIsolated from Urban River Water, India. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 25:359-370. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Megha Kaushik
- Medical Microbiology and Bioprocess Technology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Neha Khare
- Medical Microbiology and Bioprocess Technology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Medical Microbiology and Bioprocess Technology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Pooja Gulati
- Medical Microbiology and Bioprocess Technology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
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99844
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Kim NH, Park SM, Kim HW, Cho TJ, Kim SH, Choi C, Rhee MS. Prevalence of pathogenic Arcobacter species in South Korea: Comparison of two protocols for isolating the bacteria from foods and examination of nine putative virulence genes. Food Microbiol 2019; 78:18-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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99845
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Russo R, Superti F, Karadja E, De Seta F. Randomised clinical trial in women with Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis: Efficacy of probiotics and lactoferrin as maintenance treatment. Mycoses 2019; 62:328-335. [PMID: 30565745 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a recurrent vaginal condition in childbearing women. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of an oral formulation containing Lactobacillus acidophilus GLA-14, Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 and bovine lactoferrin on symptoms and recurrence of VVC as adjuvant therapy to topical clotrimazole. PATIENTS/METHODS Forty-eight women positive for C. albicans, symptoms of VVC and documented history of recurrences were randomised into 2 groups receiving verum or placebo (2 capsules/day for 5 days followed by 1 capsule/day for additional 10 days) as adjuvant treatment to clotrimazole (induction phase) followed by a maintenance cycle of 6 months (1 capsule/day verum or placebo for 10 consecutive days each month). Symptoms, overall cure rate and recurrence rate were assessed. RESULTS After clotrimazole therapy, a significant improvement of symptoms was shown in both groups. However, only women treated with probiotics and lactoferrin showed a significant improvement of itching and discharge at 3 and 6 months. During the six-month follow-up, recurrences were significantly less in the intervention group vs placebo (33.3% vs 91.7% after 3 months and 29.2% vs 100% after 6 months). CONCLUSIONS The results show that the investigated lactobacilli mixture in combination with lactoferrin represents a safe and effective adjuvant approach for reducing symptoms and recurrences of RVVC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabiana Superti
- National Centre for Innovative Technologies in Public Health, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugen Karadja
- Emergency Clinical County Hospital "Pius Branzeu", Timisoara, Romania
| | - Francesco De Seta
- Department of Medical Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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99846
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Reina JC, Torres M, Llamas I. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia AHL-Degrading Strains Isolated from Marine Invertebrate Microbiota Attenuate the Virulence of Pectobacterium carotovorum and Vibrio coralliilyticus. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 21:276-290. [PMID: 30762152 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-019-09879-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Many Gram-negative aquacultural and agricultural pathogens control virulence factor expression through a quorum-sensing (QS) mechanism involving the production of N-acylhomoserine (AHL) signalling molecules. Thus, the interruption of QS systems by the enzymatic degradation of signalling molecules, known as quorum quenching (QQ), has been proposed as a novel strategy to combat these infections. Given that the symbiotic bacteria of marine invertebrates are considered to be an important source of new bioactive molecules, this study explores the presence of AHL-degrading bacteria among 827 strains previously isolated from the microbiota of anemones and holothurians. Four of these strains (M3-1, M1-14, M3-13 and M9-54-2), belonging to the species Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, were selected on the basis of their ability to degrade a broad range of AHLs, and the enzymes involved in their activity were identified. Strain M9-54-2, which showed the strongest AHL-degrading activity, was selected for further study. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass-spectrometry confirmed that the QQ enzyme is not a lactonase. Strain M9-54-2 degraded AHL accumulation and reduced the production of enzymatic activity in Pectobacterium carotovorum CECT 225T and Vibrio coralliilyticus VibC-Oc-193 in in vitro co-cultivation experiments. The effect of AHL inactivation was confirmed by a reduction in potato tuber maceration and brine shrimp (Artemia salina) mortality caused by P. carotovorum and Vibrio coralliilyticus, respectively. This study strengthens the evidence of marine organisms as an underexplored and promising source of QQ enzymes, useful to prevent infections in aquaculture and agriculture. To our knowledge, this is the first time that anemones and holothurians have been studied for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Reina
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Marta Torres
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, CEA, CNRS, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Inmaculada Llamas
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
- Institute of Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
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99847
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Diniz AN, de Oliveira Júnior CA, Vilela EG, Figueiredo HCP, Rupnik M, Wilcox MH, Fawley WN, Blanc DS, Faria Lobato FC, Silva ROS. Molecular epidemiology of Clostridioides (previously Clostridium) difficile isolates from a university hospital in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Anaerobe 2019; 56:34-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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99848
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Singh S, Hussain A, Shakeel F, Ahsan MJ, Alshehri S, Webster TJ, Lal UR. Recent insights on nanomedicine for augmented infection control. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:2301-2325. [PMID: 31114188 PMCID: PMC6497429 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s170280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial agents have been widely investigated for protecting against microbial infections in modern health. Drug-related limitations, poor bioavailability, toxicity to mammalian cells, and frequent bacteria drug resistance are major challenges faced when exploited in nanomedicine forms. Specific attention has been paid to control nanomaterial-based infection against numerous challenging pathogens in addition to improved drug delivery, targeting, and pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles, and thus, efficient antimicrobials have been fabricated using diverse components (metals, metal oxides, synthetic and semisynthetic polymers, natural or biodegradable polymers, etc). The present review covers several nanocarriers delivered through various routes of administration, highlighting major findings to control microbial infection as compared to using the free drug. Results over the past decade support the consistent development of various nanomedicines capable of improving biological significance and therapeutic benefits against an array of microbial strains. Depending on the intended application of nanomedicine, infection control will be challenged by various factors such as weighing the risk-benefits in healthcare settings, nanomaterial-induced (eco)toxicological hazards, frequent development of antibiotic resistance, scarcity of in vivo toxicity data, and a poor understanding of microbial interactions with nanomedicine at the molecular level. This review summarizes well-established informative data for nanomaterials used for infection control and safety concerns of nanomedicines to healthcare sectors followed by the significance of a unique "safe-by-design" approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Faiyaz Shakeel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Jawed Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Maharishi Arvind College of Pharmacy, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302023, India
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA,
| | - Uma Ranjan Lal
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, Himacahal Pradesh, India
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99849
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Advances in detection of fastidious bacteria: From microscopic observation to molecular biosensors. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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99850
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Azari FS, Roses RE. Management of Early Stage Gastric and Gastroesophageal Junction Malignancies. Surg Clin North Am 2019; 99:439-456. [PMID: 31047034 DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal and gastric carcinomas are prevalent malignancies worldwide. In contrast to the poor prognosis associated with advanced stages of disease, early stage disease has a favorable prognosis. Early stage gastric cancer (ESGC) is defined as cancer in which the depth of invasion is limited to the submucosal layer of the stomach on histologic examination, regardless of lymph node status. ESGC that meets standard or expanded criteria can be treated via endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection. Similar indications for endoscopic interventions exist for gastroesophageal junction and esophageal malignancies."
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Affiliation(s)
- Feredun S Azari
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, 4 Silverstein Pavilion, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert E Roses
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, 4 Silverstein Pavilion, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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