99851
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Yu JJ, Sun HT, Zhang ZF, Shi RX, Liu LB, Shang WQ, Wei CY, Chang KK, Shao J, Wang MY, Li MQ. IL15 promotes growth and invasion of endometrial stromal cells and inhibits killing activity of NK cells in endometriosis. Reproduction 2016; 152:151-60. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis (EMS) is associated with an abnormal immune response to endometrial cells, which can facilitate the implantation and proliferation of ectopic endometrial tissues. It has been reported that human endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) express interleukin (IL)15. The aim of our study was to elucidate whether or not IL15 regulates the cross talk between ESCs and natural killer (NK) cells in the endometriotic milieu and, if so, how this regulation occurs. The ESC behaviors in vitro were verified by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), Annexin/PI, and Matrigel invasion assays, respectively. To imitate the local immune microenvironment, the co-culture system between ESCs and NK cells was constructed. The effect of IL15 on NK cells in the co-culture unit was investigated by flow cytometry (FCM). In this study, we found that ectopic endometrium from patients with EMS highly expressed IL15. Rapamycin, an autophagy inducer, decreased the level of IL15 receptors (i.e. IL15Rα and IL2Rβ). IL15 inhibits apoptosis and promotes the invasiveness, viability, and proliferation of ESCs. Meanwhile, a co-culture with ESCs led to a decrease in CD16 on NK cells. In the co-culture system, IL15 treatment downregulated the levels of Granzyme B and IFN-γ in CD16+NK cells, NKG2D in CD56dimCD16-NK cells, and NKP44 in CD56brightCD16-NK cells. On the one hand, these results indicated that IL15 derived from ESCs directly stimulates the growth and invasion of ESCs. On the other hand, IL15 may help the immune escape of ESCs by suppressing the cytotoxic activity of NK cells in the ectopic milieu, thereby facilitating the progression of EMS.
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99852
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Hsu DY, Gordon K, Silverberg JI. Serious infections in hospitalized patients with psoriasis in the United States. J Am Acad Dermatol 2016; 75:287-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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99853
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Alzahrani Y, Pritchard N, Efron N. Changes in corneal Langerhans cell density during the first few hours of contact lens wear. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2016; 39:307-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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99854
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Wang L, Liu P, Wan ZY, Huang SQ, Wen YF, Lin G, Yue GH. RNA-Seq revealed the impairment of immune defence of tilapia against the infection of Streptococcus agalactiae with simulated climate warming. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 55:679-689. [PMID: 27377027 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Global warming is one of the causes of disease outbreaks in fishes. Understanding its mechanisms is critical in aquaculture and fisheries. We used tilapia to study the effects of a high temperature on the infection of a bacterial pathogen Streptococcus agalactiae using RNA-Seq. We found that the dissolved oxygen level in water at 32 °C is lower than at 22 °C, and tilapia infected with the pathogen died more rapidly at 32 °C. The gene expression profiles showed significant differences in fish raised under different conditions. We identified 126 and 576 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 4 and 24 h post infection at 22 °C, respectively, whereas at 32 °C, the data were 312 and 1670, respectively. Almost all responding pathways at 22 °C were involved in the immune responses, whereas at 32 °C, the enriched pathways were not only involved in immune responses but also involved in oxygen and energy metabolisms. We identified significant signals of immunosuppression of immune responses at 32 °C. In addition, many of the enriched transcription factors and DEGs under positive selection were involved in immune responses, oxygen and/or energy metabolisms. Our results suggest that global warming could reduce the oxygen level in water and impair the defence of tilapia against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- Molecular Population Genetics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore
| | - Peng Liu
- Molecular Population Genetics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Zi Yi Wan
- Molecular Population Genetics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore
| | - Shu Qing Huang
- Molecular Population Genetics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore
| | - Yan Fei Wen
- Molecular Population Genetics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore
| | - Grace Lin
- Molecular Population Genetics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore
| | - Gen Hua Yue
- Molecular Population Genetics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
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99855
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Cezaretto A, Ferreira SRG, Sharma S, Sadeghirad B, Kolahdooz F. Impact of lifestyle interventions on depressive symptoms in individuals at-risk of, or with, type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 26:649-662. [PMID: 27266986 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Depression affects one in four individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The impact of T2DM lifestyle interventions on depression is unclear. The aim of this analysis was to examine the influence of lifestyle interventions on depressive symptoms scores in individuals at-risk of or with T2DM. METHOD AND RESULTS Major bibliographic databases were searched for studies published in English from 1990 to 2015. Meta-analysis was conducted by random-effects model. Nineteen studies were included in the meta-analyses. A significant reduction in depression scores was shown for lifestyle interventions in the pooled analysis (Standardized Mean Difference (SMD): -0.165; 95%CI: -0.265, -0.064; I(2):67.9%) and when limited to individuals with T2DM (SMD: -0.202; 95%CI: -0.288, -0.079; I(2):72.5%). In subgroup analyses the most effective intervention methods were face-to-face individual consultations (SMD: -0.241; 95%CI: -0.403, -0.078, I(2): 50.8%) with a duration of ≤6 months (SMD: -0.203; 95%CI: -0.381, -0.026, I(2):59.9%). Interventions were most effective when delivered four times a month (SMD: -0.247; 95%CI: -0.441, -0.053, I(2):76.3%). CONCLUSIONS Lifestyle interventions were effective in improving depression among people with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cezaretto
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 715, São Paulo, SP 01246-904, Brazil
| | - S R G Ferreira
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 715, São Paulo, SP 01246-904, Brazil
| | - S Sharma
- Indigenous and Global Health Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, 5-10 University Terrace, 8303 112 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2T4, Canada
| | - B Sadeghirad
- Health Research Methodology, Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University, ON, Canada; Regional Knowledge Hub and WHO Collaborating Centre for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - F Kolahdooz
- Indigenous and Global Health Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, 5-10 University Terrace, 8303 112 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2T4, Canada.
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99856
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Kipp M, Hochstrasser T, Schmitz C, Beyer C. Female sex steroids and glia cells: Impact on multiple sclerosis lesion formation and fine tuning of the local neurodegenerative cellular network. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 67:125-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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99857
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NETosis markers: Quest for specific, objective, and quantitative markers. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 459:89-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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99858
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The effect of immunosuppressive molecules on T-cell metabolic reprogramming. Biochimie 2016; 127:23-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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99859
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Jager J, Aparicio-Vergara M, Aouadi M. Liver innate immune cells and insulin resistance: the multiple facets of Kupffer cells. J Intern Med 2016; 280:209-20. [PMID: 26864622 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, which affects 600 million adults worldwide, is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and insulin resistance. Current therapies for these metabolic disorders include weight management by lifestyle intervention or bariatric surgery and pharmacological treatment with the aim of regulating blood glucose. Probably because of their short-term effectiveness, these therapies have not been able to stop the rapidly rising prevalence of T2D over the past decades, highlighting an urgent need to develop new therapeutic strategies. The role of immune cells, such as macrophages, in insulin resistance has been extensively studied. Major advances have been made to elucidate the role of adipose tissue macrophages in these pathogeneses. Recently, anti-inflammatory drugs have been suggested as an alternative treatment for T2D, and clinical trials of these agents are currently ongoing. In addition, results of previous clinical trials using antibodies against inflammatory cytokines, which showed modest effects, are now being rigorously re-evaluated. However, it is still unclear how liver macrophages [termed Kupffer cells (KCs)], which constitute the major source of macrophages in the body, contribute to the development of insulin resistance. In this review, we will discuss the present understanding of the role of liver immune cells in the development of insulin resistance. We will particularly focus on KCs, which could represent an attractive target for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jager
- Department of Medicine, KI/AZ Integrated CardioMetabolic Center, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, C2-84, S-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Aparicio-Vergara
- Department of Medicine, KI/AZ Integrated CardioMetabolic Center, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, C2-84, S-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Aouadi
- Department of Medicine, KI/AZ Integrated CardioMetabolic Center, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, C2-84, S-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
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99860
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Pantsulaia I, Ciszewski WM, Niewiarowska J. Senescent endothelial cells: Potential modulators of immunosenescence and ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 29:13-25. [PMID: 27235855 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that the accumulation of senescent endothelial cells may be the primary cause of cardiovascular diseases. Because of their multifunctional properties, endothelial cells actively take part in stimulating the immune system and inflammation. In addition, ageing is characterized by the progressive deterioration of immune cells and a decline in the activation of the immune response. This results in a loss of the primary function of the immune system, which is eliminating damaged/senescent cells and neutralizing potential sources of harmful inflammatory reactions. In this review, we discuss cellular senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) of endothelial cells and summarize the link between endothelial cells and immunosenescence. We describe the possibility that age-related changes in Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and microRNAs can affect the phenotypes of senescent endothelial cells and immune cells via a negative feedback loop aimed at restraining the excessive pro-inflammatory response. This review also addresses the following questions: how do senescent endothelial cells influence ageing or age-related changes in the inflammatory burden; what is the connection between ECs and immunosenescence, and what are the crucial hypothetical pathways linking endothelial cells and the immune system during ageing.
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99861
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Vilgelm AE, Johnson DB, Richmond A. Combinatorial approach to cancer immunotherapy: strength in numbers. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:275-90. [PMID: 27256570 PMCID: PMC6608090 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.5ri0116-013rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune-checkpoint blockade therapy with antibodies targeting CTLA-4 and PD-1 has revolutionized melanoma treatment by eliciting responses that can be remarkably durable and is now advancing to other malignancies. However, not all patients respond to immune-checkpoint inhibitors. Extensive preclinical evidence suggests that combining immune-checkpoint inhibitors with other anti-cancer treatments can greatly improve the therapeutic benefit. The first clinical success of the combinatorial approach to cancer immunotherapy was demonstrated using a dual-checkpoint blockade with CTLA-4 and PD-1 inhibitors, which resulted in accelerated FDA approval of this therapeutic regimen. In this review, we discuss the combinations of current and emerging immunotherapeutic agents in clinical and preclinical development and summarize the insights into potential mechanisms of synergistic anti-tumor activity gained from animal studies. These promising combinatorial partners for the immune-checkpoint blockade include therapeutics targeting additional inhibitory receptors of T cells, such as TIM-3, LAG-3, TIGIT, and BTLA, and agonists of T cell costimulatory receptors 4-1BB, OX40, and GITR, as well as agents that promote cancer cell recognition by the immune system, such as tumor vaccines, IDO inhibitors, and agonists of the CD40 receptor of APCs. We also review the therapeutic potential of regimens combining the immune-checkpoint blockade with therapeutic interventions that have been shown to enhance immunogenicity of cancer cells, including oncolytic viruses, RT, epigenetic therapy, and senescence-inducing therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Vilgelm
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and
| | - Douglas B Johnson
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ann Richmond
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and
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99862
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Suryanarayanan A, Carter JM, Landin JD, Morrow AL, Werner DF, Spigelman I. Role of interleukin-10 (IL-10) in regulation of GABAergic transmission and acute response to ethanol. Neuropharmacology 2016; 107:181-188. [PMID: 27016017 PMCID: PMC5076550 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that ethanol (EtOH) exposure activates neuroimmune signaling. Alterations in pro-inflammatory cytokines after acute and chronic EtOH exposure have been heavily investigated. In contrast, little is known about the regulation of neurotransmission and/or modulation by anti-inflammatory cytokines in the brain after an acute EtOH exposure. Recent evidence suggests that interleukin-10 (IL-10), an anti-inflammatory cytokine, is upregulated during withdrawal from chronic EtOH exposure. In the present study, we show that IL-10 is increased early (1 h) after a single intoxicating dose of EtOH (5 g/kg, intragastric) in Sprague Dawley rats. We also show that IL-10 rapidly regulates GABAergic transmission in dentate gyrus neurons. In brain slice recordings, IL-10 application dose-dependently decreases miniature inhibitory postsynaptic current (mIPSC) area and frequency, and decreases the magnitude of the picrotoxin sensitive tonic current (Itonic), indicating both pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms. A PI3K inhibitor LY294002 (but not the negative control LY303511) ablated the inhibitory effects of IL-10 on mIPSC area and Itonic, but not on mIPSC frequency, indicating the involvement of PI3K in postsynaptic effects of IL-10 on GABAergic transmission. Lastly, we also identify a novel neurobehavioral regulation of EtOH sensitivity by IL-10, whereby IL-10 attenuates acute EtOH-induced hypnosis. These results suggest that EtOH causes an early release of IL-10 in the brain, which may contribute to neuronal hyperexcitability as well as disturbed sleep seen after binge exposure to EtOH. These results also identify IL-10 signaling as a potential therapeutic target in alcohol-use disorders and other CNS disorders where GABAergic transmission is altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Suryanarayanan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - J M Carter
- Department of Psychology, Center for Development and Behavioral Neuroscience, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - J D Landin
- Department of Psychology, Center for Development and Behavioral Neuroscience, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - A L Morrow
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - D F Werner
- Department of Psychology, Center for Development and Behavioral Neuroscience, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - I Spigelman
- Division of Oral Biology & Medicine, School of Dentistry, 63-078 CHS, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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99863
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Lunemann S, Martrus G, Hölzemer A, Chapel A, Ziegler M, Körner C, Garcia Beltran W, Carrington M, Wedemeyer H, Altfeld M. Sequence variations in HCV core-derived epitopes alter binding of KIR2DL3 to HLA-C∗03:04 and modulate NK cell function. J Hepatol 2016; 65:252-8. [PMID: 27057987 PMCID: PMC4955726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Both natural killer (NK) cells and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)/killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor (KIR) interactions have been shown to play an important role in the control, clearance and progression of hepatitis C virus (HCV) disease. Here we aimed at elucidating the effects of viral peptides derived from HCV on HLA stabilization, changes in KIR binding and primary NK cell function. METHODS Transporter for antigen presentation-deficient 722.221 cells stably transfected with HLA-C∗03:04 were used to screen 200 overlapping peptides, covering the non-structural protein 3 (NS3) and core protein of HCV genotype 1, for their ability to bind and stabilize HLA-C∗03:04. Binding of KIR2DL3 to the HLA-peptide complex was assessed using a KIR2DL3-IgG fusion construct. Primary NK cells were isolated from healthy donors to investigate the effects of identified peptides on KIR2DL3(+) NK cell function. RESULTS Thirty-one peptides able to stabilize HLA-C∗03:04 were identified. One 9mer peptide, YIPLVGAPL, resulted in significantly higher KIR2DL3 binding to HLA-C∗03:04(+) 722.221 cells and suppression of primary KIR2DL3(+) NK cell function. Interestingly this sequence exhibited a high frequency of mutations in different HCV genotypes. These genotype-specific peptides showed lower HLA-C∗03:04 stabilization, decreased binding of the inhibitory KIR2DL3 and lower inhibition of NK cell function. CONCLUSIONS Taken together we show that a viral peptide derived from the core protein of HCV genotype 1 binding to HLA-C∗03:04 results in a sequence-dependent engagement of the inhibitory NK cell receptor KIR2DL3, while the large majority of the remaining 30 HLA-C∗03:04 binding HCV core peptides did not. These data show that sequence variations within HCV can modulate NK cell function, providing potential pathways for viral escape. LAY SUMMARY We identified a HCV peptide that dampens NK cell responses, and thereby possibly prevents killing of infected cells through this part of the innate immune system. This is facilitated via presentation of the viral peptide on HLA∗03:04 to the inhibitory KIR receptor KIR2DL3 on NK cells. Naturally occurring sequence mutations in the peptide alter these interactions making the inhibition less efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Lunemann
- Department for Viral Immunology, Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gloria Martrus
- Department for Viral Immunology, Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Angelique Hölzemer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anais Chapel
- Department for Viral Immunology, Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maja Ziegler
- Department for Viral Immunology, Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Körner
- Department for Viral Immunology, Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Mary Carrington
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Cancer and Inflammation Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marcus Altfeld
- Department for Viral Immunology, Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Hamburg, Germany.
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99864
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Duran-Flores D, Heil M. Sources of specificity in plant damaged-self recognition. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 32:77-87. [PMID: 27421107 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2016.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants perceive injury and herbivore attack via the recognition of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and herbivore-associated molecular patterns (HAMPs). Although HAMPs in particular are cues that can indicate the presence of a specific enemy, the application of pure DAMPs or HAMPs frequently activates general downstream responses: membrane depolarization, Ca(2+) influxes, oxidative stress, MAPKinase activation and octadecanoid signaling at the molecular level, and the expression of digestion inhibitors, cell wall modifications and other general defenses at the phenotypic level. We discuss the relative benefits of perceiving the non-self versus the damaged-self and of specific versus non-specific responses and suggest that the perception of a complex mixture of DAMPs and HAMPs triggers fine-tuned plant responses. DAMPs such as extracellular ATP (eATP), cell wall fragments, signaling peptides, herbivore-induced volatile organic compounds (HI-VOCs) and eDNA hold the key for a more complete understanding of how plants perceive that and by whom they are attacked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Duran-Flores
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, CINVESTAV-Irapuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Martin Heil
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, CINVESTAV-Irapuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
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99865
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Helmy A, Guilfoyle MR, Carpenter KLH, Pickard JD, Menon DK, Hutchinson PJ. Recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist promotes M1 microglia biased cytokines and chemokines following human traumatic brain injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2016; 36:1434-48. [PMID: 26661249 PMCID: PMC4976751 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x15620204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL1ra) has demonstrated efficacy in a wide range of animal models of neuronal injury. We have previously published a randomised controlled study of IL1ra in human severe TBI, with concomitant microdialysis and plasma sampling of 42 cytokines and chemokines. In this study, we have used partial least squares discriminant analysis to model the effects of drug administration and time following injury on the cytokine milieu within the injured brain. We demonstrate that treatment with rhIL1ra causes a brain-specific modification of the cytokine and chemokine response to injury, particularly in samples from the first 48 h following injury. The magnitude of this response is dependent on the concentration of IL1ra achieved in the brain extracellular space. Chemokines related to recruitment of macrophages from the plasma compartment (MCP-1) and biasing towards a M1 microglial phenotype (GM-CSF, IL1) are increased in patient samples in the rhIL1ra-treated patients. In control patients, cytokines and chemokines biased to a M2 microglia phenotype (IL4, IL10, MDC) are relatively increased. This pattern of response suggests that a simple classification of IL1ra as an 'anti-inflammatory' cytokine may not be appropriate and highlights the importance of the microglial response to injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Helmy
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mathew R Guilfoyle
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Keri L H Carpenter
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - John D Pickard
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - David K Menon
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter J Hutchinson
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
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99866
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Rehwinkel J. Is anti-viral defence the evolutionary origin of mRNA turnover? (Comment on DOI 10.1002/bies.201600100). Bioessays 2016; 38:817. [PMID: 27477874 PMCID: PMC5006838 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201600140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Rehwinkel
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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99867
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Pala AN, Steca P, Bagrodia R, Helpman L, Colangeli V, Viale P, Wainberg M. Subtypes of depressive symptoms and inflammatory biomarkers: An exploratory study on a sample of HIV-positive patients. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 56:105-13. [PMID: 26883521 PMCID: PMC5553322 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Depressive symptoms cause major impairment and may accelerate HIV progression despite the use of antiretroviral medication. The somatic symptoms criteria for HIV infection and depression partially overlap, which can make differential diagnosis challenging. Because of chronic inflammation caused by HIV infection, HIV-positive patients may develop somatic and affective-cognitive symptoms of depression. Inflammation-related depression is primarily characterized with severe somatic symptoms such as fatigue and sleep disturbance. This study sought to explore the patterns of somatic and cognitive-affective depressive symptoms that characterize HIV-positive patients. Our specific aims were (1) to identify subtypes of depressive symptoms in a sample of HIV-positive patients; and (2) to test the subtypes' difference on inflammatory and HIV disease progression biomarkers. HIV-positive men and women (N=102) with and without depressive symptoms were randomly selected from an Italian HIV clinic. Depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), viral load (VL), CD4+, Il-6, TNF-α, and monocytes were assessed. The three subtypes formed using Latent Class Analysis (LCA) identified patients with (1) severe cognitive-affective and somatic depressive symptoms; (2) severe/moderate somatic symptoms; and (3) absent or low depressive symptoms. The subtype with severe/moderate somatic symptoms was characterized with elevated levels of Il-6 and monocytes. No difference on HIV progression biomarkers was found. The subtypes of depressive symptoms might help differentiating depressive symptoms from HIV- and inflammatory-related somatic symptoms. When present, cognitive-affective and/or somatic symptoms cause significant impairment to patients' lives and thus warrant further assessment and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Norcini Pala
- New York State Psychiatric Institute (NYSPI)/Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Corresponding author at: HIV Center New York State Psychiatric Institute/Columbia Psychiatry, 1051 Riverside Dr, Unit 15, New York, NY 10032, USA. (A. Norcini Pala)
| | - P. Steca
- Milano-Bicocca University, Milan, Italy
| | - R. Bagrodia
- Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - L. Helpman
- New York State Psychiatric Institute (NYSPI)/Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - V. Colangeli
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - P. Viale
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - M.L. Wainberg
- New York State Psychiatric Institute (NYSPI)/Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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99868
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Zemanová M, Stašková T, Kodrík D. Role of adipokinetic hormone and adenosine in the anti-stress response in Drosophila melanogaster. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 91-92:39-47. [PMID: 27374982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of adipokinetic hormone (AKH) and adenosine in the anti-stress response was studied in Drosophila melanogaster larvae and adults carrying a mutation in the Akh gene (Akh(1)), the adenosine receptor gene (AdoR(1)), or in both of these genes (Akh(1) AdoR(1) double mutant). Stress was induced by starvation or by the addition of an oxidative stressor paraquat (PQ) to food. Mortality tests revealed that the Akh(1) mutant was the most resistant to starvation, while the AdoR(1) mutant was the most sensitive. Conversely, the Akh(1) AdoR(1) double mutant was more sensitive to PQ toxicity than either of the single mutants. Administration of PQ significantly increased the Drome-AKH level in w(1118) and AdoR(1) larvae; however, this was not accompanied by a simultaneous increase in Akh gene expression. In contrast, PQ significantly increased the expression of the glutathione S-transferase D1 (GstD1) gene. The presence of both a functional adenosine receptor and AKH seem to be important for the proper control of GstD1 gene expression under oxidative stress, however, the latter appears to play more dominant role. On the other hand, differences in glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity among the strains, and between untreated and PQ-treated groups were minimal. In addition, the glutathione level was significantly lower in all untreated AKH- or AdoR-deficient mutant flies as compared with the untreated control w(1118) flies and further declined following treatment with PQ. All oxidative stress characteristics modified by mutations in Akh gene were restored or even improved by 'rescue' mutation in flies which ectopically express Akh. Thus, the results of the present study demonstrate the important roles of AKH and adenosine in the anti-stress response elicited by PQ in a D. melanogaster model, and provide the first evidence for the involvement of adenosine in the anti-oxidative stress response in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milada Zemanová
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, CAS, and Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Stašková
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, CAS, and Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Dalibor Kodrík
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, CAS, and Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
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99869
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Perna F, Sadelain M. Myeloid leukemia switch as immune escape from CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy. Transl Cancer Res 2016; 5:S221-S225. [PMID: 28824851 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2016.08.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Perna
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michel Sadelain
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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99870
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Steimle A, Autenrieth IB, Frick JS. Structure and function: Lipid A modifications in commensals and pathogens. Int J Med Microbiol 2016; 306:290-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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99871
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Dos-Santos A, Carvalho-Kelly L, Dick C, Meyer-Fernandes J. Innate immunomodulation to trypanosomatid parasite infections. Exp Parasitol 2016; 167:67-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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99872
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Dayan V, Sotelo V, Delfina V, Delgado N, Rodriguez C, Suanes C, Langhain M, Ferrando R, Keating A, Benech A, Touriño C. Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Improve Cardiac Perfusion in an Ovine Immunocompetent Animal Model. J INVEST SURG 2016; 29:218-25. [PMID: 26891475 DOI: 10.3109/08941939.2015.1128997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) hold considerable promise in the treatment of ischemic heart disease. Most preclinical studies of MSCs for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have been performed either in syngeneic animal models or with human cells in xenogeneic immunodeficient animals. A preferable pre-clinical model, however, would involve human MSCs in an immunocompetent animal. METHODS AMI was generated in adult sheep by inducing ischemia reperfusion of the second diagonal branch. Sheep (n = 10) were randomized to receive an intravenous injection of human MSCs (1 × 10(6) cells/kg) or phosphate buffered saline. Cardiac function and remodeling were evaluated with echocardiography. Perfusion scintigraphy was used to identify sustained myocardial ischemia. Interaction between human MSCs and ovine lymphocytes was assessed by a mixed lymphocyte response (MLR). RESULTS Sheep receiving human MSCs showed significant improvement in myocardial perfusion at 1 month compared with baseline measurements. There was no change in ventricular dimensions in either group after 1 month of AMI. No adverse events or symptoms were observed in the sheep receiving human MSCs. The MLR was negative. CONCLUSION The immunocompetent ovine AMI model demonstrates the clinical safety and efficacy of human MSCs. The human cells do not appear to be immunogenic, further suggesting that immunocompetent sheep may serve as a suitable pre-clinical large animal model for testing human MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Dayan
- a Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pathology , University of the Republic of Uruguay , Montevideo , Uruguay
| | - Veronica Sotelo
- b Faculty of Veterinary , University of the Republic of Uruguay , Montevideo , Uruguay
| | - Valentina Delfina
- b Faculty of Veterinary , University of the Republic of Uruguay , Montevideo , Uruguay
| | - Natalia Delgado
- b Faculty of Veterinary , University of the Republic of Uruguay , Montevideo , Uruguay
| | - Carlos Rodriguez
- b Faculty of Veterinary , University of the Republic of Uruguay , Montevideo , Uruguay
| | - Carol Suanes
- c Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine , University of the Republic of Uruguay, Montevideo , Uruguay
| | - María Langhain
- c Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine , University of the Republic of Uruguay, Montevideo , Uruguay
| | - Rodolfo Ferrando
- c Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine , University of the Republic of Uruguay, Montevideo , Uruguay
| | - Armand Keating
- d Cell Therapy Program, Princess Margaret Hospital , University Health Network, University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - Alejandro Benech
- b Faculty of Veterinary , University of the Republic of Uruguay , Montevideo , Uruguay
| | - Cristina Touriño
- a Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pathology , University of the Republic of Uruguay , Montevideo , Uruguay
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99873
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Wong MT, Ong DEH, Lim FSH, Teng KWW, McGovern N, Narayanan S, Ho WQ, Cerny D, Tan HKK, Anicete R, Tan BK, Lim TKH, Chan CY, Cheow PC, Lee SY, Takano A, Tan EH, Tam JKC, Tan EY, Chan JKY, Fink K, Bertoletti A, Ginhoux F, Curotto de Lafaille MA, Newell EW. A High-Dimensional Atlas of Human T Cell Diversity Reveals Tissue-Specific Trafficking and Cytokine Signatures. Immunity 2016; 45:442-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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99874
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Sun J, Shen R, Schrock MS, Liu J, Pan X, Quimby D, Zanesi N, Druck T, Fong LY, Huebner K. Reduction in squamous cell carcinomas in mouse skin by dietary zinc supplementation. Cancer Med 2016; 5:2032-42. [PMID: 27185213 PMCID: PMC4873604 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Inadequate dietary Zn consumption increases susceptibility to esophageal and other cancers in humans and model organisms. Since Zn supplementation can prevent cancers in rodent squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) models, we were interested in determining if it could have a preventive effect in a rodent skin cancer model, as a preclinical basis for considering a role for Zn in prevention of human nonmelanoma skin cancers, the most frequent cancers in humans. We used the 7,12-dimethyl benzanthracene carcinogen/phorbol myristate acetate tumor promoter treatment method to induce skin tumors in Zn-sufficient wild-type and Fhit (human or mouse protein) knockout mice. Fhit protein expression is lost in >50% of human cancers, including skin SCCs, and Fhit-deficient mice show increased sensitivity to carcinogen induction of tumors. We hypothesized that: (1) the skin cancer burdens would be reduced by Zn supplementation; (2) Fhit(-/-) (Fhit, murine fragile histidine triad gene) mice would show increased susceptibility to skin tumor induction versus wild-type mice. 30 weeks after initiating treatment, the tumor burden was increased ~2-fold in Fhit(-/-) versus wild-type mice (16.2 versus 7.6 tumors, P < 0.001); Zn supplementation significantly reduced tumor burdens in Fhit(-/-) mice (males and females combined, 16.2 unsupplemented versus 10.3 supplemented, P = 0.001). Most importantly, the SCC burden was reduced after Zn supplementation in both strains and genders of mice, most significantly in the wild-type males (P = 0.035). Although the mechanism(s) of action of Zn supplementation in skin tumor prevention is not known in detail, the Zn-supplemented tumors showed evidence of reduced DNA damage and some cohorts showed reduced inflammation scores. The results suggest that mild Zn supplementation should be tested for prevention of skin cancer in high-risk human cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sun
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical GeneticsThe Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer CenterColumbusOhio
- Present address: Department of PathologyMolecular PathologyThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOhio
| | - Rulong Shen
- Department of PathologyCollege of MedicineColumbusOhio
| | - Morgan S. Schrock
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical GeneticsThe Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer CenterColumbusOhio
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate ProgramColumbusOhio
| | - James Liu
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical GeneticsThe Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer CenterColumbusOhio
- Present address: Beaumont‐Oakland University Medical SchoolGrosse PointeMichigan
| | - Xueliang Pan
- Department of Biomedical InformaticsCenter for BiostatisticsThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhio
| | - Donald Quimby
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical GeneticsThe Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer CenterColumbusOhio
- Present address: University of CincinnatiDepartment of Internal MedicineCincinnatiOhio
| | - Nicola Zanesi
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical GeneticsThe Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer CenterColumbusOhio
| | - Teresa Druck
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical GeneticsThe Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer CenterColumbusOhio
| | - Louise Y. Fong
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell BiologySidney Kimmel Cancer CenterThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Kay Huebner
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical GeneticsThe Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer CenterColumbusOhio
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99875
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Abstract
Although the stem cells of various tissues remain in the quiescent state to maintain their undifferentiated state, they also undergo cell divisions as required, and if necessary, even a single stem cell is able to provide for lifelong tissue homeostasis. Stem cell populations are precisely controlled by the balance between their symmetric and asymmetric divisions, with their division patterns determined by whether the daughter cells involved retain their self-renewal capacities. Recent studies have reported that metabolic pathways and the distribution of mitochondria are regulators of the division balance of stem cells and that metabolic defects can shift division balance toward symmetric commitment, which leads to stem cell exhaustion. It has also been observed that in asymmetric division, old mitochondria, which are central metabolic organelles, are segregated to the daughter cell fated to cell differentiation, whereas in symmetric division, young and old mitochondria are equally distributed between both daughter cells. Thus, metabolism and mitochondrial biology play important roles in stem cell fate decisions. As these decisions directly affect tissue homeostasis, understanding their regulatory mechanisms in the context of cellular metabolism is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Ito
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461; .,Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Keisuke Ito
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461; .,Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine-Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10461.,Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461.,Albert Einstein Cancer Center and Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
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99876
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Kritikou JS, Dahlberg CIM, Baptista MAP, Wagner AK, Banerjee PP, Gwalani LA, Poli C, Panda SK, Kärre K, Kaech SM, Wermeling F, Andersson J, Orange JS, Brauner H, Westerberg LS. IL-2 in the tumor microenvironment is necessary for Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein deficient NK cells to respond to tumors in vivo. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30636. [PMID: 27477778 PMCID: PMC4967920 DOI: 10.1038/srep30636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To kill target cells, natural killer (NK) cells organize signaling from activating and inhibitory receptors to form a lytic synapse. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) patients have loss-of-function mutations in the actin regulator WASp and suffer from immunodeficiency with increased risk to develop lymphoreticular malignancies. NK cells from WAS patients fail to form lytic synapses, however, the functional outcome in vivo remains unknown. Here, we show that WASp KO NK cells had decreased capacity to degranulate and produce IFNγ upon NKp46 stimulation and this was associated with reduced capacity to kill MHC class I-deficient hematopoietic grafts. Pre-treatment of WASp KO NK cells with IL-2 ex vivo restored degranulation, IFNγ production, and killing of MHC class I negative hematopoietic grafts. Moreover, WASp KO mice controlled growth of A20 lymphoma cells that naturally produced IL-2. WASp KO NK cells showed increased expression of DNAM-1, LAG-3, and KLRG1, all receptors associated with cellular exhaustion and NK cell memory. NK cells isolated from WAS patient spleen cells showed increased expression of DNAM-1 and had low to negative expression of CD56, a phenotype associated with NK cells exhaustion. Finally, in a cohort of neuroblastoma patients we identified a strong correlation between WASp, IL-2, and patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna S. Kritikou
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Carin I. M. Dahlberg
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Marisa A. P. Baptista
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Arnika K. Wagner
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Pinaki P. Banerjee
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lavesh Amar Gwalani
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cecilia Poli
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sudeepta K. Panda
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden
| | - Klas Kärre
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Susan M. Kaech
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 4000 Jones Bridge Road, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Fredrik Wermeling
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden
| | - John Andersson
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden
| | - Jordan S. Orange
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hanna Brauner
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Lisa S. Westerberg
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
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99877
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STEPICHEVA NADEZDAA, SONG JIAL. Function and regulation of microRNA-31 in development and disease. Mol Reprod Dev 2016; 83:654-74. [PMID: 27405090 PMCID: PMC6040227 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that orchestrate numerous cellular processes both under normal physiological conditions as well as in diseases. This review summarizes the functional roles and transcriptional regulation of the highly evolutionarily conserved miRNA, microRNA-31 (miR-31). miR-31 is an important regulator of embryonic implantation, development, bone and muscle homeostasis, and immune system function. Its own regulation is disrupted during the onset and progression of cancer and autoimmune disorders such as psoriasis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Limited studies suggest that miR-31 is transcriptionally regulated by epigenetics, such as methylation and acetylation, as well as by a number of transcription factors. Overall, miR-31 regulates diverse cellular and developmental processes by targeting genes involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell differentiation, and cell motility. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 654-674, 2016 © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - JIA L. SONG
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
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99878
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Kong Y, Li Y, Zhang W, Yuan S, Winkler R, Kröhnert U, Han J, Lin T, Zhou Y, Miao P, Wang B, Zhang J, Yu Z, Zhang Y, Kosan C, Zeng H. Sepsis-Induced Thymic Atrophy Is Associated with Defects in Early Lymphopoiesis. Stem Cells 2016; 34:2902-2915. [PMID: 27422171 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Impaired T lymphopoiesis is associated with immunosuppression of the adaptive immune response and plays a role in the morbidity and mortality of patients and animal models of sepsis. Although previous studies examined several intrathymic mechanisms that negatively affect T lymphopoiesis, the extrathymic mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we report a dramatic decrease in the percentage of early T lineage progenitors (ETPs) in three models of sepsis in mice (cecal ligation and puncture, lipopolysaccharide continuous injection, and poly I:C continuous injection). However, septic mice did not show a decrease in the number of bone marrow (BM) precursor cells. Instead, the BM progenitors for ETPs expressed reduced mRNA levels of CC chemokine receptor (CCR) 7, CCR9 and P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1, and exhibited impaired homing capacity in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, RNA-Seq analysis and real-time PCR showed a marked downregulation of several lymphoid-related genes in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells differentiated into myeloid cells but failed to generate T lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicate that the depletion of ETPs in septic mice might be a consequence of an impaired migration of BM progenitors to the thymus, as well as a defect in lymphoid lineage commitment. Stem Cells 2016;34:2902-2915.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxian Kong
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yajie Li
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Weimei Zhang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoxin Yuan
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - René Winkler
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrike Kröhnert
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Junyan Han
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Ministry of Health), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Miao
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Beibei Wang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengya Yu
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Ministry of Health), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Christian Kosan
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Hui Zeng
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
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99879
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Habitual physical activity is associated with the maintenance of neutrophil migratory dynamics in healthy older adults. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 56:12-20. [PMID: 26928196 PMCID: PMC4929133 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysfunctional neutrophils with advanced age are a hallmark of immunosenescence. Reduced migration and bactericidal activity increase the risk of infection. It remains unclear why neutrophil dysfunction occurs with age. Physical activity and structured exercise have been suggested to improve immune function in the elderly. The aim of this study was to assess a comprehensive range of neutrophil functions and determine their association with habitual physical activity. METHOD Physical activity levels were determined in 211 elderly (67±5years) individuals by 7-days of accelerometry wear. Twenty of the most physically active men and women were matched for age and gender to twenty of the least physically active individuals. Groups were compared for neutrophil migration, phagocytosis, oxidative burst, cell surface receptor expression, metabolic health parameters and systemic inflammation. Groups were also compared against ten young participants (23±4years). RESULTS The most active group completed over twice as many steps/day as the least active group (p<0.001), had lower BMI's (p=0.007) and body fat percentages (p=0.029). Neutrophils migrated towards IL-8 better in the most active group compared to the least active (p<0.05) and was comparable to that of the young (p>0.05). These differences remained after adjusting for BMI, body fat and plasma metabolic markers which were different between groups. Correlations revealed that steps/day, higher adiponectin and lower insulin were positively associated with migratory ability (p<0.05). There was no difference in expression of the chemokine receptors CXCR1 or CXCR2 (p>0.05 for both). CD11b was higher in the most active group compared to the least active (p=0.048). No differences between activity groups or young controls were observed for neutrophil phagocytosis or oxidative burst in response to Escherichia coli (p>0.05). The young group had lower concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, CRP, IL-10 and IL-13 (p<0.05 for all) with no differences between the two older groups. CONCLUSION These data suggest that impaired neutrophil migration, but not bactericidal function, in older adults may be, in part, the result of reduced physical activity. A 2-fold difference in physical activity is associated with better preserved neutrophil migratory dynamics in healthy older people. As a consequence increasing habitual physical activity may be beneficial for neutrophil mediated immunity.
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99880
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Krummey SM, Chen CW, Guasch SA, Liu D, Wagener M, Larsen CP, Ford ML. Enhanced Requirement for TNFR2 in Graft Rejection Mediated by Low-Affinity Memory CD8+ T Cells during Heterologous Immunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:2009-15. [PMID: 27481849 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The affinity of a TCR binding to peptide:MHC profoundly impacts the phenotype and function of effector and memory cell differentiation. Little is known about the effect of low-affinity priming on memory cell generation and function, which is particularly important in heterologous immunity, when microbe-specific T cells cross-react with allogeneic Ag and mediate graft rejection. We found that low-affinity-primed memory CD8(+) T cells produced high levels of TNF ex vivo in response to heterologous rechallenge compared with high-affinity-primed memory T cells. Low-affinity secondary effectors significantly upregulated TNFR2 on the cell surface and contained a higher frequency of TNFR2(hi) proliferating cells. Low-affinity-primed secondary effectors concurrently downregulated TNF production. Importantly, blockade of TNFR2 attenuated graft rejection in low- but not high-affinity-primed animals. These data establish a functional connection between TNF signaling and TCR-priming affinity and have implications for the immunomodulation of pathogenic T cell responses during transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Krummey
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Ching-Wen Chen
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Sara A Guasch
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Danya Liu
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Maylene Wagener
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | | | - Mandy L Ford
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
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99881
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Chen SN, Zhang XW, Li L, Ruan BY, Huang B, Huang WS, Zou PF, Fu JP, Zhao LJ, Li N, Nie P. Evolution of IFN-λ in tetrapod vertebrates and its functional characterization in green anole lizard (Anolis carolinensis). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 61:208-224. [PMID: 27062970 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
IFN-λ (IFNL), i.e. type III IFN genes were found in a conserved gene locus in tetrapod vertebrates. But, a unique locus containing IFNL was found in avian. In turtle and crocodile, IFNL genes were distributed in these two separate loci. As revealed in phylogenetic trees, IFN-λs in these two different loci and other amniotes were grouped into two different clades. The conservation in gene presence and gene locus was also observed for the receptors of IFN-λ, IFN-λR1 and IL-10RB in tetrapods. It is further revealed that in North American green anole lizard Anolis carolinensis, a single IFNL gene was situated collinearly in the conserved locus as in other tetrapods, together with its receptors IFN-λR1 and IL-10RB also identified in this study. The IFN-λ and its receptors were expressed in all examined organs/tissues, and their expression was stimulated following the injection of polyI:polyC. The ISREs in promoter of IFN-λ in lizard were responsible to IRF3 as demonstrated using luciferase report system, and IFN-λ in lizard functioned through the receptors, IFN-λR1 and IL-10RB, as the up-regulation of ISGs was observed in ligand-receptor transfected, and also in recombinant IFN-λ stimulated, cell lines. Taken together, it is concluded that the mechanisms involved in type III IFN ligand-receptor system, and in its signalling pathway and its down-stream genes may be conserved in green anole lizard, and may even be so in tetrapods from xenopus to human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Nan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Xiao Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Bai Ye Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Bei Huang
- College of Fisheries, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Wen Shu Huang
- College of Fisheries, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Peng Fei Zou
- College of Fisheries, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jian Ping Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Li Juan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Pin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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99882
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Gill S. Planes, Trains, and Automobiles: Perspectives on CAR T Cells and Other Cellular Therapies for Hematologic Malignancies. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2016; 11:318-25. [PMID: 27136938 PMCID: PMC5018307 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-016-0330-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hematologic oncologists now have at their disposal (or a referral away) a myriad of new options to get from point A (a patient with relapsed or poor-risk disease) to point B (potential tumor eradication and long-term disease-free survival). In this perspective piece, we discuss the putative mechanisms of action and the relative strengths and weaknesses of currently available cellular therapy approaches. Notably, while many of these approaches have been published in high impact journals, with the exception of allogeneic stem cell transplantation and of checkpoint inhibitors (PD1/PDL1 or CTLA4 blockade), the published clinical trials have mostly been early phase, uncontrolled studies. Therefore, many of the new cellular therapy approaches have yet to demonstrate incontrovertible evidence of enhanced overall survival compared with controls. Nonetheless, the science behind these is sure to advance our understanding of cancer immunology and ultimately to bring us closer to our goal of curing cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saar Gill
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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99883
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Zhao D, Plotnikoff N, Griffin N, Song T, Shan F. Methionine enkephalin, its role in immunoregulation and cancer therapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 37:59-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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99884
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Krenova Z, Sterba J. Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis: The Time has Come to Consider a CNS-directed Prophylactic Approach. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2016; 38:493-5. [PMID: 27299591 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000000607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zdenka Krenova
- *Department of Paediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno †International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital ‡Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer, Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
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99885
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Montero J, Gómez-Abellán V, Arizcun M, Mulero V, Sepulcre MP. Prostaglandin E2 promotes M2 polarization of macrophages via a cAMP/CREB signaling pathway and deactivates granulocytes in teleost fish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 55:632-41. [PMID: 27368534 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The profile of prostaglandin (PG) production is determined by the differential expression of the enzymes involved in their production and degradation. Although the production of PGE2 by fish leukocytes has been relatively well studied in several fish species, knowledge of how its production is regulated, its biological activities and the signaling pathways activated by this PG is scant or even contradictory. In this work we show that in the teleost fish gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) macrophages regulate PGE2 release mainly by inducing the expression of the genes encoding the enzymes responsible for its synthesis, while acidophilic granulocytes (AGs) not only induce these genes quickly after activation but also inhibit the expression of the genes encoding the enzymes responsible for PGE2 degradation at later time points. In addition, treatment of macrophages with PGE2 promoted their M2 polarization, which is characterized by high expression levels of interleukin-10, mannose-receptor c-type 1 and arginase 2 genes. In sharp contrast, PGE2 promoted the deactivation of AGs, since it decreased the production of reactive oxygen species and the expression of genes encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines. These differences are the result of the alternative signaling pathways used by PGE2 in macrophages and AGs, a cAMP/CREB signaling pathway operating in macrophages, but not in AGs, downstream of PGE2. Our data identify for the first time a role for professional phagocyte-derived-PGE2 in the resolution of inflammation in fish and highlight key differences in the PGE2 signaling pathway in macrophages and granulocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Montero
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Victoria Gómez-Abellán
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Arizcun
- Oceanographic Centre of Murcia, Spanish Oceanographic Institute (IEO), Puerto de Mazarrón, Murcia, Spain
| | - Victoriano Mulero
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - María P Sepulcre
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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99886
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Georgin-Lavialle S, Gaillard R, Moura D, Hermine O. Mastocytosis in adulthood and neuropsychiatric disorders. Transl Res 2016; 174:77-85.e1. [PMID: 27063957 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Patients with mastocytosis can display various disabling general and neuropsychological symptoms among one third of them, including general signs such as fatigue and musculoskeletal pain, which can have a major impact on quality of life. Neurological symptoms are less frequent and mainly consist of acute or chronic headache (35%), rarely syncopes (5%), acute onset back pain (4%), and in a few cases, clinical and radiological symptoms resembling or allowing the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (1.3%). Headaches are associated with symptoms related to mast cell activation syndrome (flushes, prurit, and so forth) and more frequently present as migraine (37.5%), with often aura (66%). Depression-anxiety like symptoms can occur in 40% to 60% of the patients and cognitive impairment is not rare (38.6%). The pathophysiology of these symptoms could be linked to tissular mast cell infiltration or to mast cell mediators release or both. The tryptophan metabolism could be involved in mast cell-induced neuroinflammation through indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase activation. Treatments targeting mast cell may be useful to target neuropsychological features associated with mastocytosis, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Georgin-Lavialle
- Service de médecine Interne, Hôpital Tenon, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Gaillard
- Laboratoire de "Physiopathologie des maladies Psychiatriques", Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences U894, INSERM; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Service de Psychiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Human Histopathology and Animal Models, Infection and Epidemiology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Daniela Moura
- Centre de référence des mastocytoses, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne, Paris Cité, Hôpital Necker Enfants malades, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Centre de référence des mastocytoses, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne, Paris Cité, Hôpital Necker Enfants malades, Paris, France; INSERM U1163 and CNRS ERL 8254 and Laboratory of Physiopathology and Treatment of Hematological Disorders Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Institut Imagine, Paris, France; Service d'hématologie adulte, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne, Paris Cité, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France.
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99887
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Misiorek JO, Lähdeniemi IAK, Nyström JH, Paramonov VM, Gullmets JA, Saarento H, Rivero-Müller A, Husøy T, Taimen P, Toivola DM. Keratin 8-deletion induced colitis predisposes to murine colorectal cancer enforced by the inflammasome and IL-22 pathway. Carcinogenesis 2016; 37:777-786. [PMID: 27234655 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgw063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratins (K) are intermediate filament proteins important in protection from cellular stress. K8, K18 and K19 are the main components of keratin filaments in colonic epithelia but their role in intestinal diseases remains ambiguous. A function for keratins in intestinal health is supported by the K8-knock-out (K8(-/-)) mouse which manifests an early chronic ulcerative colitis-like inflammatory bowel disease and epithelial hyperproliferation. We tested whether K8(-/-) mice are more susceptible to colorectal cancer (CRC) compared to K8 wild type (K8(+/+)), and K8 heterozygote (K8(+/-)) mice showing increased proliferation but no inflammation. K8(-/-) mice did not develop CRC spontaneously, but had dramatically increased numbers of tumors in the distal colon in the azoxymethane (AOM) and Apc(Min/+) CRC models while neither K8(+/+) nor K8(+/-) mice were susceptible. Upregulation of IL-22 in combination with a complete loss of its negative regulator IL-22BP, and increased downstream STAT3-signaling in K8(-/-) and K8(-/-)Apc(Min/+) colonic epithelia confirmed that the IL-22 pathway, important in inflammation, proliferation and tissue regeneration, was activated. The nearly total loss of IL-22BP correlated with an activated inflammasome leading to increased cleaved caspase-1, and the putative IL-22BP inhibitor, IL-18, as well as a decrease in ALDH1/2. Ablation of K8 in a colorectal cancer cell line similarly resulted in increased IL-18 and decreased ALDH1/2. K8/K18 co-immunoprecipitated with pro-caspase-1, a component of the inflammasome in the colon, which suggests that keratins modulate inflammasome activity and protect the colon from inflammation and tumorigenesis. The K8-null mouse models also provide novel epithelial-derived robust colon-specific CRC models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia O Misiorek
- Biosciences, Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Iris A K Lähdeniemi
- Biosciences, Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Joel H Nyström
- Biosciences, Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Valeriy M Paramonov
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20520, Finland
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Josef A Gullmets
- Biosciences, Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20520, Finland
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20520, Finland
- Department of Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Helena Saarento
- Biosciences, Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20520, Finland
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Adolfo Rivero-Müller
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20520, Finland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-093, Poland
| | - Trine Husøy
- Department of Food, Water and Cosmetics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo 0403, Norway
| | - Pekka Taimen
- Department of Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland and
| | - Diana M Toivola
- Biosciences, Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20520, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
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99888
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Parsa R, Lund H, Tosevski I, Zhang XM, Malipiero U, Beckervordersandforth J, Merkler D, Prinz M, Gyllenberg A, James T, Warnecke A, Hillert J, Alfredsson L, Kockum I, Olsson T, Fontana A, Suter T, Harris RA. TGFβ regulates persistent neuroinflammation by controlling Th1 polarization and ROS production via monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Glia 2016; 64:1925-37. [PMID: 27479807 PMCID: PMC5053226 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebral levels of Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGFβ) rise rapidly during the onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). We addressed the role of TGFβ responsiveness in EAE by targeting the TGFβ receptor in myeloid cells, determining that Tgfbr2 was specifically targeted in monocyte‐derived dendritic cells (moDCs) but not in CNS resident microglia by using bone‐marrow chimeric mice. TGFβ responsiveness in moDCs was necessary for the remission phase since LysMCreTgfbr2fl/fl mice developed a chronic form of EAE characterized by severe demyelination and extensive infiltration of activated moDCs in the CNS. Tgfbr2 deficiency resulted in increased moDC IL‐12 secretion that skewed T cells to produce IFN‐γ, which in turn enhanced the production of moDC‐derived reactive oxygen species that promote oxidative damage and demyelination. We identified SNPs in the human NOX2 (CYBB) gene that associated with the severity of MS, and significantly increased CYBB expression was recorded in PBMCs from both MS patients and from MS severity risk allele rs72619425‐A carrying individuals. We thus identify a novel myeloid cell‐T cell activation loop active in the CNS during chronic disease that could be therapeutically targeted. GLIA 2016;64:1925–1937
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Affiliation(s)
- Roham Parsa
- Applied Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Harald Lund
- Applied Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ivana Tosevski
- Clinical Immunology, University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xing-Mei Zhang
- Applied Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | | | - Jan Beckervordersandforth
- Institute of Neuropathology and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Neuropathology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany
| | - Doron Merkler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, and; Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marco Prinz
- Department of Neuropathology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Gyllenberg
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Tojo James
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Andreas Warnecke
- Applied Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jan Hillert
- Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Lars Alfredsson
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Kockum
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Adriano Fontana
- Clinical Immunology, University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Suter
- Clinical Immunology, University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Priority Program Multiple Sclerosis, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert A Harris
- Applied Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden.
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99889
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Oliveira IB, Groh KJ, Stadnicka-Michalak J, Schönenberger R, Beiras R, Barroso CM, Langford KH, Thomas KV, Suter MJF. Tralopyril bioconcentration and effects on the gill proteome of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 177:198-210. [PMID: 27295630 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Antifouling (AF) systems are used worldwide as one of the most cost-effective ways of protecting submerged structures against heavy biofouling. The emergence of environmentally friendly AF biocides requires knowledge on their environmental fate and toxicity. In this study we measured the bioconcentration of the emerging AF biocide tralopyril (TP) in the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and investigated the effects of TP on the mussel gill proteome following acute (2days) and chronic (30days) exposure, as well as after a 10-day depuration period. The experiments were carried out with 1μg/L TP; blank and solvent (5×10(-5)% DMSO) controls were also included. Proteomics analysis was performed by mass spectrometry-based multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT). Differentially expressed proteins were identified using a label-free approach based on spectral counts and G-test. Our results show that TP is rapidly accumulated by mussels at concentrations up to 362ng/g dw (whole tissues), reaching steady-state condition within 13days. Ten days of depuration resulted in 80% elimination of accumulated TP from the organism, suggesting that a complete elimination could be reached with longer depuration times. In total, 46 proteins were found to be regulated in the different exposure scenarios. Interestingly, not only TP but also DMSO alone significantly modulated the protein expression in mussel gills following acute and chronic exposure. Both compounds regulated proteins involved in bioenergetics, immune system, active efflux and oxidative stress, often in the opposite way. Alterations of several proteins, notably several cytoskeletal ones, were still observed after the depuration period. These may reflect either the continuing chemical effect due to incomplete elimination or an onset of recovery processes in the mussel gills. Our study shows that exposure of adult mussels to sublethal TP concentration results in the bioconcentration of this biocide in the tissues and modulates the expression of several proteins that may intervene in important metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel B Oliveira
- Biology department and CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; ECIMAT, University of Vigo, 36331 Vigo, Galicia, Spain; Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ksenia J Groh
- Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Julita Stadnicka-Michalak
- Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; EPF Lausanne, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - René Schönenberger
- Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Carlos M Barroso
- Biology department and CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Kevin V Thomas
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Marc J-F Suter
- Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; ETH Zürich, Environmental Systems Science, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
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99890
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Optimizing Treatment with TNF Inhibitors in Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Monitoring Drug Levels and Antidrug Antibodies. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2016; 22:1999-2015. [PMID: 27135483 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and redefined treatment goals to include mucosal healing. Clinicians are faced with challenges such as inadequate responses, treatment failures, side effects, and high drug costs. The objective is to review optimization of anti-TNF therapy by use of personalized treatment strategies based on circulating drug levels and antidrug antibodies (Abs), i.e. therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). Furthermore, to outline TDM-related pitfalls and their prevention. METHODS Literature review. RESULTS Circulating anti-TNF drug trough level is a marker for the pharmacokinetics (PK) of TNF inhibitors. Because of a number of factors, including antidrug antibodies, PK varies between and within patients across time leading to variable clinical outcomes. Differences in intestinal inflammatory phenotype influencing the pharmacodynamic (PD) responses to TNF inhibitors also affect treatment outcomes. As an alternative to handling anti-TNF-treated patients by empiric strategies, TDM identifies underlying PK and PD-related reasons for treatment failure and aids decision making to secure optimal clinical and economic outcomes. Although promising, evidence does not the support use of TDM to counteract treatment failure in quiescent disease. Use of TDM is challenged by methodological biases, difficulties related to differentiation between PK and PD problems, and temporal biases due to lack of chronology between changes in PK versus symptomatic and objective disease activity manifestations. Biases can be accommodated by knowledgeable interpretation of results obtained by validated assays with clinically established thresholds, and by repeated assessments over time using complimentary techniques. CONCLUSIONS TDM-guided anti-TNF therapy at treatment failure has been brought from bench to bedside.
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99891
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Challa DK, Mi W, Lo ST, Ober RJ, Ward ES. Antigen dynamics govern the induction of CD4 + T cell tolerance during autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 2016; 72:84-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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99892
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Intact Regulatory T-Cell Function but Defective Generation of IL-17A-Producing CD4+ T Cells in XIAP Deficiency. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2016; 63:218-25. [PMID: 26825770 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000001122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (xIAP) deficiency is a primary immune deficiency disorder associated with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. About 17% of xIAP-deficient patients present with very early onset severe colitis with high mortality. We hypothesized that xIAP deficiency leads to defective generation and/or survival of T regulatory cells (Treg) through its involvement in transforming growth factor-β signaling. METHODS AND RESULTS We used a T-cell transfer model of chronic colitis and observed a mild increase in colitis severity induced by naïve CD4 T cells from xIAP mice compared with colitis induced by naïve CD4 T cells from WT mice. We did not observe any significant difference in the induction of Treg cells in these studies. We next tested whether xIAP is required for Treg cell function by co-transferring xIAP or WT Treg cells with naïve WT CD4 cells in this model. We demonstrate that XIAP-deficient Treg cells were able to prevent disease similarly to WT Treg cells. In these experiments we, however, found a significantly decreased percentage of IL-17A-producing CD4 T cells in mice receiving Tregs from xIAP mice. CONCLUSIONS xIAP appears dispensable for the generation of induced Treg cells as well as function of natural Treg cells. There appeared to be a role of xIAP in generation of IL-17-producing cells from either naïve CD4 T cells or Treg cells. Further research is needed to explore the role of xIAP in generation of IL-17-producing cells.
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99893
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Woller SA, Ravula SB, Tucci FC, Beaton G, Corr M, Isseroff RR, Soulika AM, Chigbrow M, Eddinger KA, Yaksh TL. Systemic TAK-242 prevents intrathecal LPS evoked hyperalgesia in male, but not female mice and prevents delayed allodynia following intraplantar formalin in both male and female mice: The role of TLR4 in the evolution of a persistent pain state. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 56:271-80. [PMID: 27044335 PMCID: PMC4917460 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pain resulting from local tissue injury or inflammation typically resolves with time. Frequently, however, this pain may unexpectedly persist, becoming a pathological chronic state. Increasingly, the innate and adaptive immune systems are being implicated in the initiation and maintenance of these persistent conditions. In particular, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling has been shown to mediate the transition to a persistent pain state in a sex-dependent manner. In the present work, we explored this contribution using the TLR4 antagonist, TAK-242. METHODS Male and female C57Bl/6 mice were given intravenous (IV), intrathecal (IT), or intraperitoneal (IP) TAK-242 prior to IT delivery of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and tactile reactivity was assessed at regular intervals over 72-h. Additional groups of mice were treated with IP TAK-242 prior to intraplantar formalin, and flinching was monitored for 1-h. Tactile reactivity was assessed at 7-days after formalin delivery. RESULTS LPS evoked TNF release from male and female macrophages and RAW267.4 cells, which was blocked in a concentration dependent fashion by TAK-242. In vivo, IT LPS evoked tactile allodynia to a greater degree in male than female mice. TAK-242, given by all routes, prevented development of IT LPS-induced tactile allodynia in male animals, but did not reverse their established allodynia. TLR4 deficiency and TAK-242 treatment attenuated IT LPS-induced allodynia in male, but not female mice. In the formalin model, pre-treatment with TAK-242 did not affect Phase 1 or Phase 2 flinching, but prevented the delayed tactile allodynia in both male and unexpectedly in female mice (Phase 3). CONCLUSIONS Together, these results suggest that TAK-242 is a TLR4 antagonist that has efficacy after systemic and intrathecal delivery and confirms the role of endogenous TLR4 signaling in triggering the development of a delayed allodynia in both male and female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Woller
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Satheesh B Ravula
- Epigen Biosciences Inc., 10225 Barnes Canyon Road, Suite A104, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - Fabio C Tucci
- Epigen Biosciences Inc., 10225 Barnes Canyon Road, Suite A104, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - Graham Beaton
- Epigen Biosciences Inc., 10225 Barnes Canyon Road, Suite A104, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - Maripat Corr
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - R Rivkah Isseroff
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Athena M Soulika
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Shriners Hospital for Children, Northern California, Sacramento, CA, USA.
| | - Marianne Chigbrow
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Kelly A Eddinger
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Tony L Yaksh
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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99894
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99895
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Sex effects on inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes in multiple sclerosis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 67:137-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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99896
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Vaidya HJ, Briones Leon A, Blackburn CC. FOXN1 in thymus organogenesis and development. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:1826-37. [PMID: 27378598 PMCID: PMC4988515 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Development of the primary T-cell repertoire takes place in the thymus. The linked processes of T-cell differentiation and T-cell repertoire selection each depend on interactions between thymocytes and thymic stromal cells; in particular, with the epithelial cells of the cortical and medullary thymic compartments (cortical and medullary thymic epithelial cells; cTECs and mTECs, respectively). The importance of the thymic epithelial cell lineage in these processes was revealed in part through analysis of nude (nu/nu) mice, which are congenitally hairless and athymic. The nude phenotype results from null mutation of the forkhead transcription factor FOXN1, which has emerged as a pivotal regulator both of thymus development and homeostasis. FOXN1 has been shown to play critical roles in thymus development, function, maintenance, and even regeneration, which positions it as a master regulator of thymic epithelial cell (TEC) differentiation. In this review, we discuss current understanding of the regulation and functions of FOXN1 throughout thymus ontogeny, from the earliest stages of organogenesis through homeostasis to age-related involution, contextualising its significance through reference to other members of the wider Forkhead family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Jayesh Vaidya
- MRC Centre for Regenerative MedicineInstitute for Stem Cell ResearchSchool of Biological SciencesEdinburghUK
| | - Alberto Briones Leon
- MRC Centre for Regenerative MedicineInstitute for Stem Cell ResearchSchool of Biological SciencesEdinburghUK
| | - C. Clare Blackburn
- MRC Centre for Regenerative MedicineInstitute for Stem Cell ResearchSchool of Biological SciencesEdinburghUK
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99897
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Zhang N, Tai J, Qu Z, Zhang Z, Zhao S, He J, Zhang S, Jiang Y. Increased CD4 +CXCR5 +T follicular helper cells in diabetic nephropathy. Autoimmunity 2016; 49:405-413. [PMID: 27477820 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2016.1196677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are known to regulate humoral immune response. In this study we examined the correlation of different subsets of peripheral blood Tfh cells in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). METHODS A total of 23 DN patients and 15 healthy controls (HC) were investigated for various subsets of Tfh cells by flow cytometry. The molecules ICOS+, PD-1+, CD28+, CD154+, IL-21+, IFN-γ+, IL-4+, IL-17+ Tfh cells were examined. The subsets of B cells were investigated by flow cytometry. The levels of 24 h urinary protein and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were calculated. A potential correlation between the number of different subsets of Tfh cells, B cells and DN, was assessed. RESULTS The circulating CD4+CXCR5+PD-1+, PD-1+CD154+, PD-1+CD28+, PD-1+IL-21+, PD-1+IL-4+, PD-1+-IL-17+-Tfh cell counts, CD38+CD19+, CD38+CD19+CD40+ B cells and plasma levels of IL-21 were significantly increased in DN patients (p < 0.05), as compared to that in the HC group. Furthermore, the circulating CD4+CXCR5+PD-1+ Tfh cell counts negatively correlated with eGFR; Tfh cell counts positively correlated with 24 h urinary protein concentration in DN patients. Post-treatment, there was a significant reduction in the CD4+CXCR5+PD-1+ Tfh cell counts and its subsets, with a corresponding decrease in plasma levels of IL-6 and IL-17A (p < 0.05) in DN patients, as compared to the HCs. CONCLUSION An increased number of CD4+CXCR5+PD-1+ Tfh cells were observed in DN patients, which may be new targets for intervention in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- a Genetic Diagnosis Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , PR China
| | - Jiandong Tai
- a Genetic Diagnosis Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , PR China
| | - Zhihui Qu
- a Genetic Diagnosis Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , PR China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- a Genetic Diagnosis Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , PR China
| | - Songchen Zhao
- a Genetic Diagnosis Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , PR China
| | - Jiaxue He
- a Genetic Diagnosis Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , PR China
| | - Songling Zhang
- a Genetic Diagnosis Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , PR China
| | - Yanfang Jiang
- a Genetic Diagnosis Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , PR China.,b Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , PR China , and.,c Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou , PR China
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99898
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Ahn SH, Cho SH, Song JE, Kim S, Oh SS, Jung S, Cho KA, Lee TH. Caveolin-1 serves as a negative effector in senescent human gingival fibroblasts during Fusobacterium nucleatum infection. Mol Oral Microbiol 2016; 32:236-249. [PMID: 27315395 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that aging is associated with increased susceptibility to infectious diseases. Fusobacterium nucleatum is a well-known bacterial species that plays a central bridging role between early and late colonizers in the human oral cavity. Further, the ability of F. nucleatum to invade gingival fibroblasts (GFs) is critical to the development of periodontal diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying the age-related infection of GFs by F. nucleatum remain unknown. We used young (fourth passage) and senescent (22nd passage) GFs to investigate the mechanisms of F. nucleatum infection in aged GFs and first observed increased invasion of F. nucleatum in senescent GFs. We also found that the co-localization of caveolin-1 (Cav-1), a protein marker of aging, with F. nucleatum and the knockdown of Cav-1 in GFs reduced F. nucleatum invasion. Additionally, F. nucleatum infection triggered the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through activation of NADPH oxidase in GFs, but senescent GFs exhibited significantly lower levels of NADPH oxidase activity and ROS production compared with young GFs in both the uninfected and infected conditions. Also, senescent GFs exhibited a decline in proinflammatory cytokine production and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation following F. nucleatum infection. Interestingly, the knockdown of Cav-1 in senescent GFs increased NADPH oxidase activity and caused the upregulation of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 and the phosphorylation of ERK. Collectively, the increased expression of Cav-1 might play a critical role in F. nucleatum invasion and could hinder the host response in senescent GFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Ahn
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - S-H Cho
- Department of Molecular Medicine (BK21plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - J-E Song
- Department of Molecular Medicine (BK21plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - S Kim
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine (BK21plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - S S Oh
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - S Jung
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - K A Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - T-H Lee
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine (BK21plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, Korea
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99899
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Balandin SV, Ovchinnikova TV. Antimicrobial peptides of invertebrates. Part 2. biological functions and mechanisms of action. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s106816201604004x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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99900
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Bustos-Morán E, Blas-Rus N, Martín-Cófreces NB, Sánchez-Madrid F. Orchestrating Lymphocyte Polarity in Cognate Immune Cell-Cell Interactions. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 327:195-261. [PMID: 27692176 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The immune synapse (IS) is a specialized structure established between different immune cells that fulfills several functions, including a role as a communication bridge. This intimate contact between a T cell and an antigen-presenting cell promotes the proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes involved in the contact. T-cell activation requires the specific triggering of the T-cell receptor (TCR), which promotes the activation of different signaling pathways inducing the polarization of the T cell. During this process, different adhesion and signaling receptors reorganize at specialized membrane domains, concomitantly to the polarization of the tubulin and actin cytoskeletons, forming stable polarization platforms. The centrosome also moves toward the IS, driving the movement of different organelles, such as the biosynthetic, secretory, degrading machinery, and mitochondria, to sustain T-cell activation. A proper orchestration of all these events is essential for T-cell effector functions and the accomplishment of a complete immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Bustos-Morán
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Spanish National Center of Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia Blas-Rus
- Department of Immunology, La Princesa Hospital, Autonomus University of Madrid (UAM), Health Research Institute of Princesa Hospital (ISS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Noa Beatriz Martín-Cófreces
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Spanish National Center of Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Immunology, La Princesa Hospital, Autonomus University of Madrid (UAM), Health Research Institute of Princesa Hospital (ISS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Spanish National Center of Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Immunology, La Princesa Hospital, Autonomus University of Madrid (UAM), Health Research Institute of Princesa Hospital (ISS-IP), Madrid, Spain
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