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Satizabal CL, Himali JJ, Beiser AS, Ramachandran V, Melo van Lent D, Himali D, Aparicio HJ, Maillard P, DeCarli CS, Harris WS, Seshadri S. Association of Red Blood Cell Omega-3 Fatty Acids With MRI Markers and Cognitive Function in Midlife: The Framingham Heart Study. Neurology 2022; 99:e2572-e2582. [PMID: 36198518 PMCID: PMC9754651 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000201296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Diet may be a key contributor to brain health in midlife. In particular, omega-3 fatty acids have been related to better neurologic outcomes in older adults. However, studies focusing on midlife are lacking. We investigated the cross-sectional association of red blood cell (RBC) omega-3 fatty acid concentrations with MRI and cognitive markers of brain aging in a community-based sample of predominantly middle-aged adults and further explore effect modification by APOE genotype. METHODS We included participants from the Third-Generation and Omni 2 cohorts of the Framingham Heart Study attending their second examination. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) concentrations were measured from RBC using gas chromatography, and the Omega-3 index was calculated as EPA + DHA. We used linear regression models to relate omega-3 fatty acid concentrations to brain MRI measures (i.e., total brain, total gray matter, hippocampal, and white matter hyperintensity volumes) and cognitive function (i.e., episodic memory, processing speed, executive function, and abstract reasoning) adjusting for potential confounders. We further tested for interactions between omega-3 fatty acid levels and APOE genotype (e4 carrier vs noncarrier) on MRI and cognitive outcomes. RESULTS We included 2,183 dementia-free and stroke-free participants (mean age of 46 years, 53% women, 22% APOE-e4 carriers). In multivariable models, higher Omega-3 index was associated with larger hippocampal volumes (standard deviation unit beta ±standard error; 0.003 ± 0.001, p = 0.013) and better abstract reasoning (0.17 ± 0.07, p = 0.013). Similar results were obtained for DHA or EPA concentrations individually. Stratification by APOE-e4 status showed associations between higher DHA concentrations or Omega-3 index and larger hippocampal volumes in APOE-e4 noncarriers, whereas higher EPA concentrations were related to better abstract reasoning in APOE-e4 carriers. Finally, higher levels of all omega-3 predictors were related to lower white matter hyperintensity burden but only in APOE-e4 carriers. DISCUSSION Our results, albeit exploratory, suggest that higher omega-3 fatty acid concentrations are related to better brain structure and cognitive function in a predominantly middle-aged cohort free of clinical dementia. These associations differed by APOE genotype, suggesting potentially different metabolic patterns by APOE status. Additional studies in middle-aged populations are warranted to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia L Satizabal
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD.
| | - Jayandra Jung Himali
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Alexa S Beiser
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Vasan Ramachandran
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Debora Melo van Lent
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Dibya Himali
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Hugo J Aparicio
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Pauline Maillard
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Charles S DeCarli
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD
| | - William S Harris
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD
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64
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Yassine HN, Samieri C, Livingston G, Glass K, Wagner M, Tangney C, Plassman BL, Ikram MA, Voigt RM, Gu Y, O’Bryant S, Minihane AM, Craft S, Fink HA, Judd S, Andrieu S, Bowman GL, Richard E, Albensi B, Meyers E, Khosravian S, Solis M, Carrillo M, Snyder H, Grodstein F, Scarmeas N, Schneider LS. Nutrition state of science and dementia prevention: recommendations of the Nutrition for Dementia Prevention Working Group. THE LANCET. HEALTHY LONGEVITY 2022; 3:e501-e512. [PMID: 35821792 PMCID: PMC9273104 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(22)00120-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Observational studies suggest that nutritional factors have a potential cognitive benefit. However, systematic reviews of randomised trials of dietary and nutritional supplements have reported largely null effects on cognitive outcomes and have highlighted study inconsistencies and other limitations. In this Personal View, the Nutrition for Dementia Prevention Working Group presents what we consider to be limitations in the existing nutrition clinical trials for dementia prevention. On the basis of this evidence, we propose recommendations for incorporating dietary patterns and the use of genetic, and nutrition assessment tools, biomarkers, and novel clinical trial designs to guide future trial developments. Nutrition-based research has unique challenges that could require testing both more personalised interventions in targeted risk subgroups, identified by nutritional and other biomarkers, and large-scale and pragmatic study designs for more generalisable public health interventions across diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gill Livingston
- Department of Medicine (H N Yassine MD) and Department of Neurology (H
N Yassine, Prof L S Schneider MD MS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
(Prof L S Schneider), and Department of Gerontology (Prof L S Schneider), Keck
School of Medicine and Department of Medicine (S Khosravian BA), University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bordeaux population health U1219,
National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)—University of
Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C Samieri PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University
College London, London, UK (G Livingston MD); Camden and Islington NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK (G Livingston); Channing Division of Network
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA, USA (K Glass PhD);
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (K Glass) and Department of
Biostatistics, Harvard Chan School of Public Health (K Glass), Harvard
University, Boston MA, USA; Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center (M Wagner
PhD, F Grodstein ScD), Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Preventive Medicine
(C Tangney PhD), Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research (R M
Voigt PhD), Department of Internal Medicine (R M Voigt), and Department of
Anatomy and Cell Biology (R M Voigt), Rush University Medical Center (M Wagner)
and Department of Neurological Sciences (M Wagner), Rush Medical College, Rush
University, Chicago IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Duke University, Durham NC, USA (B L Plassman PhD); Department of Epidemiology,
Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M A Ikram MD PhD);
Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology, Taub Institute,
Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (Y Gu MD PhD), and
Department of Neurology (N Scarmeas MD), Colombia University, New York, NY, USA;
University of North Texas Health Science Center, University of North Texas, Fort
Worth, Texas TX, USA (S O’Bryant PhD); Norwich Medical School (A M
Minihane PhD) and Norwich Institute of Healthy Ageing (A M Minihane), University
of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Wake
Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Wake Forest, NC,
USA (S Craft PhD); Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis
VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA (H A Fink MD MPH); Biostatistics
School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
(S Judd PhD MPH); Aging Research team, Centre for Epidemiology and Research in
Population Health, INSERM (S Andrieu MD PhD) and Department of Clinical
Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Toulouse Hospital, University of
Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (S Andrieu); NIA-Layton
Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology,
Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR, USA (G L Bowman ND MPH);
Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland
OR, USA (G L Bowman); Department of Neurology, Donders Institute from Brain,
Behavior and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
(E Richard MD PhD); Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam
University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E
Richard); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova
Southeastern University, Davie FL, USA (B Albensi PhD); St Boniface Hospital
Research Center, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi); Department of Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi);
Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, IL, USA (E Meyers PhD, M Solis PhD, M
Carrillo PhD, H Snyder PhD); Department of Neurology, Aiginitio Hospital,
Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
(N Scarmeas)
| | - Kimberly Glass
- Department of Medicine (H N Yassine MD) and Department of Neurology (H
N Yassine, Prof L S Schneider MD MS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
(Prof L S Schneider), and Department of Gerontology (Prof L S Schneider), Keck
School of Medicine and Department of Medicine (S Khosravian BA), University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bordeaux population health U1219,
National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)—University of
Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C Samieri PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University
College London, London, UK (G Livingston MD); Camden and Islington NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK (G Livingston); Channing Division of Network
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA, USA (K Glass PhD);
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (K Glass) and Department of
Biostatistics, Harvard Chan School of Public Health (K Glass), Harvard
University, Boston MA, USA; Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center (M Wagner
PhD, F Grodstein ScD), Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Preventive Medicine
(C Tangney PhD), Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research (R M
Voigt PhD), Department of Internal Medicine (R M Voigt), and Department of
Anatomy and Cell Biology (R M Voigt), Rush University Medical Center (M Wagner)
and Department of Neurological Sciences (M Wagner), Rush Medical College, Rush
University, Chicago IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Duke University, Durham NC, USA (B L Plassman PhD); Department of Epidemiology,
Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M A Ikram MD PhD);
Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology, Taub Institute,
Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (Y Gu MD PhD), and
Department of Neurology (N Scarmeas MD), Colombia University, New York, NY, USA;
University of North Texas Health Science Center, University of North Texas, Fort
Worth, Texas TX, USA (S O’Bryant PhD); Norwich Medical School (A M
Minihane PhD) and Norwich Institute of Healthy Ageing (A M Minihane), University
of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Wake
Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Wake Forest, NC,
USA (S Craft PhD); Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis
VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA (H A Fink MD MPH); Biostatistics
School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
(S Judd PhD MPH); Aging Research team, Centre for Epidemiology and Research in
Population Health, INSERM (S Andrieu MD PhD) and Department of Clinical
Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Toulouse Hospital, University of
Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (S Andrieu); NIA-Layton
Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology,
Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR, USA (G L Bowman ND MPH);
Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland
OR, USA (G L Bowman); Department of Neurology, Donders Institute from Brain,
Behavior and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
(E Richard MD PhD); Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam
University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E
Richard); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova
Southeastern University, Davie FL, USA (B Albensi PhD); St Boniface Hospital
Research Center, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi); Department of Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi);
Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, IL, USA (E Meyers PhD, M Solis PhD, M
Carrillo PhD, H Snyder PhD); Department of Neurology, Aiginitio Hospital,
Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
(N Scarmeas)
| | - Maude Wagner
- Department of Medicine (H N Yassine MD) and Department of Neurology (H
N Yassine, Prof L S Schneider MD MS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
(Prof L S Schneider), and Department of Gerontology (Prof L S Schneider), Keck
School of Medicine and Department of Medicine (S Khosravian BA), University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bordeaux population health U1219,
National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)—University of
Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C Samieri PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University
College London, London, UK (G Livingston MD); Camden and Islington NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK (G Livingston); Channing Division of Network
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA, USA (K Glass PhD);
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (K Glass) and Department of
Biostatistics, Harvard Chan School of Public Health (K Glass), Harvard
University, Boston MA, USA; Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center (M Wagner
PhD, F Grodstein ScD), Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Preventive Medicine
(C Tangney PhD), Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research (R M
Voigt PhD), Department of Internal Medicine (R M Voigt), and Department of
Anatomy and Cell Biology (R M Voigt), Rush University Medical Center (M Wagner)
and Department of Neurological Sciences (M Wagner), Rush Medical College, Rush
University, Chicago IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Duke University, Durham NC, USA (B L Plassman PhD); Department of Epidemiology,
Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M A Ikram MD PhD);
Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology, Taub Institute,
Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (Y Gu MD PhD), and
Department of Neurology (N Scarmeas MD), Colombia University, New York, NY, USA;
University of North Texas Health Science Center, University of North Texas, Fort
Worth, Texas TX, USA (S O’Bryant PhD); Norwich Medical School (A M
Minihane PhD) and Norwich Institute of Healthy Ageing (A M Minihane), University
of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Wake
Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Wake Forest, NC,
USA (S Craft PhD); Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis
VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA (H A Fink MD MPH); Biostatistics
School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
(S Judd PhD MPH); Aging Research team, Centre for Epidemiology and Research in
Population Health, INSERM (S Andrieu MD PhD) and Department of Clinical
Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Toulouse Hospital, University of
Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (S Andrieu); NIA-Layton
Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology,
Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR, USA (G L Bowman ND MPH);
Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland
OR, USA (G L Bowman); Department of Neurology, Donders Institute from Brain,
Behavior and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
(E Richard MD PhD); Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam
University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E
Richard); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova
Southeastern University, Davie FL, USA (B Albensi PhD); St Boniface Hospital
Research Center, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi); Department of Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi);
Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, IL, USA (E Meyers PhD, M Solis PhD, M
Carrillo PhD, H Snyder PhD); Department of Neurology, Aiginitio Hospital,
Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
(N Scarmeas)
| | - Christy Tangney
- Department of Medicine (H N Yassine MD) and Department of Neurology (H
N Yassine, Prof L S Schneider MD MS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
(Prof L S Schneider), and Department of Gerontology (Prof L S Schneider), Keck
School of Medicine and Department of Medicine (S Khosravian BA), University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bordeaux population health U1219,
National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)—University of
Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C Samieri PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University
College London, London, UK (G Livingston MD); Camden and Islington NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK (G Livingston); Channing Division of Network
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA, USA (K Glass PhD);
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (K Glass) and Department of
Biostatistics, Harvard Chan School of Public Health (K Glass), Harvard
University, Boston MA, USA; Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center (M Wagner
PhD, F Grodstein ScD), Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Preventive Medicine
(C Tangney PhD), Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research (R M
Voigt PhD), Department of Internal Medicine (R M Voigt), and Department of
Anatomy and Cell Biology (R M Voigt), Rush University Medical Center (M Wagner)
and Department of Neurological Sciences (M Wagner), Rush Medical College, Rush
University, Chicago IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Duke University, Durham NC, USA (B L Plassman PhD); Department of Epidemiology,
Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M A Ikram MD PhD);
Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology, Taub Institute,
Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (Y Gu MD PhD), and
Department of Neurology (N Scarmeas MD), Colombia University, New York, NY, USA;
University of North Texas Health Science Center, University of North Texas, Fort
Worth, Texas TX, USA (S O’Bryant PhD); Norwich Medical School (A M
Minihane PhD) and Norwich Institute of Healthy Ageing (A M Minihane), University
of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Wake
Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Wake Forest, NC,
USA (S Craft PhD); Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis
VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA (H A Fink MD MPH); Biostatistics
School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
(S Judd PhD MPH); Aging Research team, Centre for Epidemiology and Research in
Population Health, INSERM (S Andrieu MD PhD) and Department of Clinical
Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Toulouse Hospital, University of
Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (S Andrieu); NIA-Layton
Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology,
Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR, USA (G L Bowman ND MPH);
Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland
OR, USA (G L Bowman); Department of Neurology, Donders Institute from Brain,
Behavior and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
(E Richard MD PhD); Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam
University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E
Richard); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova
Southeastern University, Davie FL, USA (B Albensi PhD); St Boniface Hospital
Research Center, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi); Department of Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi);
Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, IL, USA (E Meyers PhD, M Solis PhD, M
Carrillo PhD, H Snyder PhD); Department of Neurology, Aiginitio Hospital,
Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
(N Scarmeas)
| | - Brenda L Plassman
- Department of Medicine (H N Yassine MD) and Department of Neurology (H
N Yassine, Prof L S Schneider MD MS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
(Prof L S Schneider), and Department of Gerontology (Prof L S Schneider), Keck
School of Medicine and Department of Medicine (S Khosravian BA), University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bordeaux population health U1219,
National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)—University of
Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C Samieri PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University
College London, London, UK (G Livingston MD); Camden and Islington NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK (G Livingston); Channing Division of Network
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA, USA (K Glass PhD);
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (K Glass) and Department of
Biostatistics, Harvard Chan School of Public Health (K Glass), Harvard
University, Boston MA, USA; Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center (M Wagner
PhD, F Grodstein ScD), Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Preventive Medicine
(C Tangney PhD), Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research (R M
Voigt PhD), Department of Internal Medicine (R M Voigt), and Department of
Anatomy and Cell Biology (R M Voigt), Rush University Medical Center (M Wagner)
and Department of Neurological Sciences (M Wagner), Rush Medical College, Rush
University, Chicago IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Duke University, Durham NC, USA (B L Plassman PhD); Department of Epidemiology,
Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M A Ikram MD PhD);
Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology, Taub Institute,
Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (Y Gu MD PhD), and
Department of Neurology (N Scarmeas MD), Colombia University, New York, NY, USA;
University of North Texas Health Science Center, University of North Texas, Fort
Worth, Texas TX, USA (S O’Bryant PhD); Norwich Medical School (A M
Minihane PhD) and Norwich Institute of Healthy Ageing (A M Minihane), University
of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Wake
Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Wake Forest, NC,
USA (S Craft PhD); Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis
VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA (H A Fink MD MPH); Biostatistics
School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
(S Judd PhD MPH); Aging Research team, Centre for Epidemiology and Research in
Population Health, INSERM (S Andrieu MD PhD) and Department of Clinical
Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Toulouse Hospital, University of
Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (S Andrieu); NIA-Layton
Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology,
Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR, USA (G L Bowman ND MPH);
Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland
OR, USA (G L Bowman); Department of Neurology, Donders Institute from Brain,
Behavior and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
(E Richard MD PhD); Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam
University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E
Richard); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova
Southeastern University, Davie FL, USA (B Albensi PhD); St Boniface Hospital
Research Center, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi); Department of Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi);
Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, IL, USA (E Meyers PhD, M Solis PhD, M
Carrillo PhD, H Snyder PhD); Department of Neurology, Aiginitio Hospital,
Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
(N Scarmeas)
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Medicine (H N Yassine MD) and Department of Neurology (H
N Yassine, Prof L S Schneider MD MS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
(Prof L S Schneider), and Department of Gerontology (Prof L S Schneider), Keck
School of Medicine and Department of Medicine (S Khosravian BA), University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bordeaux population health U1219,
National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)—University of
Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C Samieri PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University
College London, London, UK (G Livingston MD); Camden and Islington NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK (G Livingston); Channing Division of Network
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA, USA (K Glass PhD);
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (K Glass) and Department of
Biostatistics, Harvard Chan School of Public Health (K Glass), Harvard
University, Boston MA, USA; Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center (M Wagner
PhD, F Grodstein ScD), Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Preventive Medicine
(C Tangney PhD), Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research (R M
Voigt PhD), Department of Internal Medicine (R M Voigt), and Department of
Anatomy and Cell Biology (R M Voigt), Rush University Medical Center (M Wagner)
and Department of Neurological Sciences (M Wagner), Rush Medical College, Rush
University, Chicago IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Duke University, Durham NC, USA (B L Plassman PhD); Department of Epidemiology,
Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M A Ikram MD PhD);
Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology, Taub Institute,
Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (Y Gu MD PhD), and
Department of Neurology (N Scarmeas MD), Colombia University, New York, NY, USA;
University of North Texas Health Science Center, University of North Texas, Fort
Worth, Texas TX, USA (S O’Bryant PhD); Norwich Medical School (A M
Minihane PhD) and Norwich Institute of Healthy Ageing (A M Minihane), University
of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Wake
Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Wake Forest, NC,
USA (S Craft PhD); Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis
VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA (H A Fink MD MPH); Biostatistics
School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
(S Judd PhD MPH); Aging Research team, Centre for Epidemiology and Research in
Population Health, INSERM (S Andrieu MD PhD) and Department of Clinical
Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Toulouse Hospital, University of
Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (S Andrieu); NIA-Layton
Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology,
Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR, USA (G L Bowman ND MPH);
Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland
OR, USA (G L Bowman); Department of Neurology, Donders Institute from Brain,
Behavior and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
(E Richard MD PhD); Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam
University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E
Richard); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova
Southeastern University, Davie FL, USA (B Albensi PhD); St Boniface Hospital
Research Center, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi); Department of Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi);
Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, IL, USA (E Meyers PhD, M Solis PhD, M
Carrillo PhD, H Snyder PhD); Department of Neurology, Aiginitio Hospital,
Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
(N Scarmeas)
| | - Robin M Voigt
- Department of Medicine (H N Yassine MD) and Department of Neurology (H
N Yassine, Prof L S Schneider MD MS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
(Prof L S Schneider), and Department of Gerontology (Prof L S Schneider), Keck
School of Medicine and Department of Medicine (S Khosravian BA), University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bordeaux population health U1219,
National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)—University of
Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C Samieri PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University
College London, London, UK (G Livingston MD); Camden and Islington NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK (G Livingston); Channing Division of Network
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA, USA (K Glass PhD);
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (K Glass) and Department of
Biostatistics, Harvard Chan School of Public Health (K Glass), Harvard
University, Boston MA, USA; Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center (M Wagner
PhD, F Grodstein ScD), Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Preventive Medicine
(C Tangney PhD), Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research (R M
Voigt PhD), Department of Internal Medicine (R M Voigt), and Department of
Anatomy and Cell Biology (R M Voigt), Rush University Medical Center (M Wagner)
and Department of Neurological Sciences (M Wagner), Rush Medical College, Rush
University, Chicago IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Duke University, Durham NC, USA (B L Plassman PhD); Department of Epidemiology,
Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M A Ikram MD PhD);
Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology, Taub Institute,
Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (Y Gu MD PhD), and
Department of Neurology (N Scarmeas MD), Colombia University, New York, NY, USA;
University of North Texas Health Science Center, University of North Texas, Fort
Worth, Texas TX, USA (S O’Bryant PhD); Norwich Medical School (A M
Minihane PhD) and Norwich Institute of Healthy Ageing (A M Minihane), University
of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Wake
Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Wake Forest, NC,
USA (S Craft PhD); Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis
VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA (H A Fink MD MPH); Biostatistics
School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
(S Judd PhD MPH); Aging Research team, Centre for Epidemiology and Research in
Population Health, INSERM (S Andrieu MD PhD) and Department of Clinical
Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Toulouse Hospital, University of
Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (S Andrieu); NIA-Layton
Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology,
Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR, USA (G L Bowman ND MPH);
Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland
OR, USA (G L Bowman); Department of Neurology, Donders Institute from Brain,
Behavior and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
(E Richard MD PhD); Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam
University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E
Richard); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova
Southeastern University, Davie FL, USA (B Albensi PhD); St Boniface Hospital
Research Center, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi); Department of Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi);
Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, IL, USA (E Meyers PhD, M Solis PhD, M
Carrillo PhD, H Snyder PhD); Department of Neurology, Aiginitio Hospital,
Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
(N Scarmeas)
| | - Yian Gu
- Department of Medicine (H N Yassine MD) and Department of Neurology (H
N Yassine, Prof L S Schneider MD MS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
(Prof L S Schneider), and Department of Gerontology (Prof L S Schneider), Keck
School of Medicine and Department of Medicine (S Khosravian BA), University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bordeaux population health U1219,
National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)—University of
Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C Samieri PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University
College London, London, UK (G Livingston MD); Camden and Islington NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK (G Livingston); Channing Division of Network
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA, USA (K Glass PhD);
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (K Glass) and Department of
Biostatistics, Harvard Chan School of Public Health (K Glass), Harvard
University, Boston MA, USA; Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center (M Wagner
PhD, F Grodstein ScD), Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Preventive Medicine
(C Tangney PhD), Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research (R M
Voigt PhD), Department of Internal Medicine (R M Voigt), and Department of
Anatomy and Cell Biology (R M Voigt), Rush University Medical Center (M Wagner)
and Department of Neurological Sciences (M Wagner), Rush Medical College, Rush
University, Chicago IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Duke University, Durham NC, USA (B L Plassman PhD); Department of Epidemiology,
Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M A Ikram MD PhD);
Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology, Taub Institute,
Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (Y Gu MD PhD), and
Department of Neurology (N Scarmeas MD), Colombia University, New York, NY, USA;
University of North Texas Health Science Center, University of North Texas, Fort
Worth, Texas TX, USA (S O’Bryant PhD); Norwich Medical School (A M
Minihane PhD) and Norwich Institute of Healthy Ageing (A M Minihane), University
of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Wake
Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Wake Forest, NC,
USA (S Craft PhD); Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis
VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA (H A Fink MD MPH); Biostatistics
School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
(S Judd PhD MPH); Aging Research team, Centre for Epidemiology and Research in
Population Health, INSERM (S Andrieu MD PhD) and Department of Clinical
Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Toulouse Hospital, University of
Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (S Andrieu); NIA-Layton
Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology,
Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR, USA (G L Bowman ND MPH);
Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland
OR, USA (G L Bowman); Department of Neurology, Donders Institute from Brain,
Behavior and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
(E Richard MD PhD); Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam
University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E
Richard); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova
Southeastern University, Davie FL, USA (B Albensi PhD); St Boniface Hospital
Research Center, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi); Department of Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi);
Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, IL, USA (E Meyers PhD, M Solis PhD, M
Carrillo PhD, H Snyder PhD); Department of Neurology, Aiginitio Hospital,
Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
(N Scarmeas)
| | - Sid O’Bryant
- Department of Medicine (H N Yassine MD) and Department of Neurology (H
N Yassine, Prof L S Schneider MD MS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
(Prof L S Schneider), and Department of Gerontology (Prof L S Schneider), Keck
School of Medicine and Department of Medicine (S Khosravian BA), University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bordeaux population health U1219,
National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)—University of
Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C Samieri PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University
College London, London, UK (G Livingston MD); Camden and Islington NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK (G Livingston); Channing Division of Network
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA, USA (K Glass PhD);
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (K Glass) and Department of
Biostatistics, Harvard Chan School of Public Health (K Glass), Harvard
University, Boston MA, USA; Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center (M Wagner
PhD, F Grodstein ScD), Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Preventive Medicine
(C Tangney PhD), Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research (R M
Voigt PhD), Department of Internal Medicine (R M Voigt), and Department of
Anatomy and Cell Biology (R M Voigt), Rush University Medical Center (M Wagner)
and Department of Neurological Sciences (M Wagner), Rush Medical College, Rush
University, Chicago IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Duke University, Durham NC, USA (B L Plassman PhD); Department of Epidemiology,
Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M A Ikram MD PhD);
Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology, Taub Institute,
Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (Y Gu MD PhD), and
Department of Neurology (N Scarmeas MD), Colombia University, New York, NY, USA;
University of North Texas Health Science Center, University of North Texas, Fort
Worth, Texas TX, USA (S O’Bryant PhD); Norwich Medical School (A M
Minihane PhD) and Norwich Institute of Healthy Ageing (A M Minihane), University
of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Wake
Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Wake Forest, NC,
USA (S Craft PhD); Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis
VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA (H A Fink MD MPH); Biostatistics
School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
(S Judd PhD MPH); Aging Research team, Centre for Epidemiology and Research in
Population Health, INSERM (S Andrieu MD PhD) and Department of Clinical
Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Toulouse Hospital, University of
Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (S Andrieu); NIA-Layton
Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology,
Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR, USA (G L Bowman ND MPH);
Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland
OR, USA (G L Bowman); Department of Neurology, Donders Institute from Brain,
Behavior and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
(E Richard MD PhD); Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam
University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E
Richard); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova
Southeastern University, Davie FL, USA (B Albensi PhD); St Boniface Hospital
Research Center, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi); Department of Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi);
Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, IL, USA (E Meyers PhD, M Solis PhD, M
Carrillo PhD, H Snyder PhD); Department of Neurology, Aiginitio Hospital,
Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
(N Scarmeas)
| | - Anne Marie Minihane
- Department of Medicine (H N Yassine MD) and Department of Neurology (H
N Yassine, Prof L S Schneider MD MS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
(Prof L S Schneider), and Department of Gerontology (Prof L S Schneider), Keck
School of Medicine and Department of Medicine (S Khosravian BA), University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bordeaux population health U1219,
National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)—University of
Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C Samieri PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University
College London, London, UK (G Livingston MD); Camden and Islington NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK (G Livingston); Channing Division of Network
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA, USA (K Glass PhD);
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (K Glass) and Department of
Biostatistics, Harvard Chan School of Public Health (K Glass), Harvard
University, Boston MA, USA; Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center (M Wagner
PhD, F Grodstein ScD), Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Preventive Medicine
(C Tangney PhD), Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research (R M
Voigt PhD), Department of Internal Medicine (R M Voigt), and Department of
Anatomy and Cell Biology (R M Voigt), Rush University Medical Center (M Wagner)
and Department of Neurological Sciences (M Wagner), Rush Medical College, Rush
University, Chicago IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Duke University, Durham NC, USA (B L Plassman PhD); Department of Epidemiology,
Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M A Ikram MD PhD);
Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology, Taub Institute,
Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (Y Gu MD PhD), and
Department of Neurology (N Scarmeas MD), Colombia University, New York, NY, USA;
University of North Texas Health Science Center, University of North Texas, Fort
Worth, Texas TX, USA (S O’Bryant PhD); Norwich Medical School (A M
Minihane PhD) and Norwich Institute of Healthy Ageing (A M Minihane), University
of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Wake
Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Wake Forest, NC,
USA (S Craft PhD); Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis
VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA (H A Fink MD MPH); Biostatistics
School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
(S Judd PhD MPH); Aging Research team, Centre for Epidemiology and Research in
Population Health, INSERM (S Andrieu MD PhD) and Department of Clinical
Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Toulouse Hospital, University of
Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (S Andrieu); NIA-Layton
Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology,
Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR, USA (G L Bowman ND MPH);
Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland
OR, USA (G L Bowman); Department of Neurology, Donders Institute from Brain,
Behavior and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
(E Richard MD PhD); Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam
University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E
Richard); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova
Southeastern University, Davie FL, USA (B Albensi PhD); St Boniface Hospital
Research Center, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi); Department of Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi);
Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, IL, USA (E Meyers PhD, M Solis PhD, M
Carrillo PhD, H Snyder PhD); Department of Neurology, Aiginitio Hospital,
Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
(N Scarmeas)
| | - Suzanne Craft
- Department of Medicine (H N Yassine MD) and Department of Neurology (H
N Yassine, Prof L S Schneider MD MS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
(Prof L S Schneider), and Department of Gerontology (Prof L S Schneider), Keck
School of Medicine and Department of Medicine (S Khosravian BA), University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bordeaux population health U1219,
National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)—University of
Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C Samieri PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University
College London, London, UK (G Livingston MD); Camden and Islington NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK (G Livingston); Channing Division of Network
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA, USA (K Glass PhD);
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (K Glass) and Department of
Biostatistics, Harvard Chan School of Public Health (K Glass), Harvard
University, Boston MA, USA; Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center (M Wagner
PhD, F Grodstein ScD), Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Preventive Medicine
(C Tangney PhD), Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research (R M
Voigt PhD), Department of Internal Medicine (R M Voigt), and Department of
Anatomy and Cell Biology (R M Voigt), Rush University Medical Center (M Wagner)
and Department of Neurological Sciences (M Wagner), Rush Medical College, Rush
University, Chicago IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Duke University, Durham NC, USA (B L Plassman PhD); Department of Epidemiology,
Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M A Ikram MD PhD);
Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology, Taub Institute,
Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (Y Gu MD PhD), and
Department of Neurology (N Scarmeas MD), Colombia University, New York, NY, USA;
University of North Texas Health Science Center, University of North Texas, Fort
Worth, Texas TX, USA (S O’Bryant PhD); Norwich Medical School (A M
Minihane PhD) and Norwich Institute of Healthy Ageing (A M Minihane), University
of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Wake
Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Wake Forest, NC,
USA (S Craft PhD); Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis
VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA (H A Fink MD MPH); Biostatistics
School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
(S Judd PhD MPH); Aging Research team, Centre for Epidemiology and Research in
Population Health, INSERM (S Andrieu MD PhD) and Department of Clinical
Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Toulouse Hospital, University of
Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (S Andrieu); NIA-Layton
Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology,
Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR, USA (G L Bowman ND MPH);
Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland
OR, USA (G L Bowman); Department of Neurology, Donders Institute from Brain,
Behavior and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
(E Richard MD PhD); Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam
University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E
Richard); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova
Southeastern University, Davie FL, USA (B Albensi PhD); St Boniface Hospital
Research Center, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi); Department of Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi);
Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, IL, USA (E Meyers PhD, M Solis PhD, M
Carrillo PhD, H Snyder PhD); Department of Neurology, Aiginitio Hospital,
Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
(N Scarmeas)
| | - Howard A Fink
- Department of Medicine (H N Yassine MD) and Department of Neurology (H
N Yassine, Prof L S Schneider MD MS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
(Prof L S Schneider), and Department of Gerontology (Prof L S Schneider), Keck
School of Medicine and Department of Medicine (S Khosravian BA), University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bordeaux population health U1219,
National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)—University of
Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C Samieri PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University
College London, London, UK (G Livingston MD); Camden and Islington NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK (G Livingston); Channing Division of Network
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA, USA (K Glass PhD);
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (K Glass) and Department of
Biostatistics, Harvard Chan School of Public Health (K Glass), Harvard
University, Boston MA, USA; Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center (M Wagner
PhD, F Grodstein ScD), Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Preventive Medicine
(C Tangney PhD), Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research (R M
Voigt PhD), Department of Internal Medicine (R M Voigt), and Department of
Anatomy and Cell Biology (R M Voigt), Rush University Medical Center (M Wagner)
and Department of Neurological Sciences (M Wagner), Rush Medical College, Rush
University, Chicago IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Duke University, Durham NC, USA (B L Plassman PhD); Department of Epidemiology,
Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M A Ikram MD PhD);
Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology, Taub Institute,
Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (Y Gu MD PhD), and
Department of Neurology (N Scarmeas MD), Colombia University, New York, NY, USA;
University of North Texas Health Science Center, University of North Texas, Fort
Worth, Texas TX, USA (S O’Bryant PhD); Norwich Medical School (A M
Minihane PhD) and Norwich Institute of Healthy Ageing (A M Minihane), University
of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Wake
Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Wake Forest, NC,
USA (S Craft PhD); Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis
VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA (H A Fink MD MPH); Biostatistics
School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
(S Judd PhD MPH); Aging Research team, Centre for Epidemiology and Research in
Population Health, INSERM (S Andrieu MD PhD) and Department of Clinical
Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Toulouse Hospital, University of
Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (S Andrieu); NIA-Layton
Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology,
Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR, USA (G L Bowman ND MPH);
Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland
OR, USA (G L Bowman); Department of Neurology, Donders Institute from Brain,
Behavior and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
(E Richard MD PhD); Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam
University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E
Richard); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova
Southeastern University, Davie FL, USA (B Albensi PhD); St Boniface Hospital
Research Center, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi); Department of Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi);
Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, IL, USA (E Meyers PhD, M Solis PhD, M
Carrillo PhD, H Snyder PhD); Department of Neurology, Aiginitio Hospital,
Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
(N Scarmeas)
| | - Suzanne Judd
- Department of Medicine (H N Yassine MD) and Department of Neurology (H
N Yassine, Prof L S Schneider MD MS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
(Prof L S Schneider), and Department of Gerontology (Prof L S Schneider), Keck
School of Medicine and Department of Medicine (S Khosravian BA), University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bordeaux population health U1219,
National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)—University of
Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C Samieri PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University
College London, London, UK (G Livingston MD); Camden and Islington NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK (G Livingston); Channing Division of Network
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA, USA (K Glass PhD);
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (K Glass) and Department of
Biostatistics, Harvard Chan School of Public Health (K Glass), Harvard
University, Boston MA, USA; Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center (M Wagner
PhD, F Grodstein ScD), Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Preventive Medicine
(C Tangney PhD), Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research (R M
Voigt PhD), Department of Internal Medicine (R M Voigt), and Department of
Anatomy and Cell Biology (R M Voigt), Rush University Medical Center (M Wagner)
and Department of Neurological Sciences (M Wagner), Rush Medical College, Rush
University, Chicago IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Duke University, Durham NC, USA (B L Plassman PhD); Department of Epidemiology,
Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M A Ikram MD PhD);
Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology, Taub Institute,
Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (Y Gu MD PhD), and
Department of Neurology (N Scarmeas MD), Colombia University, New York, NY, USA;
University of North Texas Health Science Center, University of North Texas, Fort
Worth, Texas TX, USA (S O’Bryant PhD); Norwich Medical School (A M
Minihane PhD) and Norwich Institute of Healthy Ageing (A M Minihane), University
of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Wake
Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Wake Forest, NC,
USA (S Craft PhD); Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis
VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA (H A Fink MD MPH); Biostatistics
School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
(S Judd PhD MPH); Aging Research team, Centre for Epidemiology and Research in
Population Health, INSERM (S Andrieu MD PhD) and Department of Clinical
Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Toulouse Hospital, University of
Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (S Andrieu); NIA-Layton
Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology,
Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR, USA (G L Bowman ND MPH);
Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland
OR, USA (G L Bowman); Department of Neurology, Donders Institute from Brain,
Behavior and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
(E Richard MD PhD); Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam
University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E
Richard); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova
Southeastern University, Davie FL, USA (B Albensi PhD); St Boniface Hospital
Research Center, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi); Department of Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi);
Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, IL, USA (E Meyers PhD, M Solis PhD, M
Carrillo PhD, H Snyder PhD); Department of Neurology, Aiginitio Hospital,
Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
(N Scarmeas)
| | - Sandrine Andrieu
- Department of Medicine (H N Yassine MD) and Department of Neurology (H
N Yassine, Prof L S Schneider MD MS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
(Prof L S Schneider), and Department of Gerontology (Prof L S Schneider), Keck
School of Medicine and Department of Medicine (S Khosravian BA), University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bordeaux population health U1219,
National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)—University of
Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C Samieri PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University
College London, London, UK (G Livingston MD); Camden and Islington NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK (G Livingston); Channing Division of Network
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA, USA (K Glass PhD);
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (K Glass) and Department of
Biostatistics, Harvard Chan School of Public Health (K Glass), Harvard
University, Boston MA, USA; Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center (M Wagner
PhD, F Grodstein ScD), Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Preventive Medicine
(C Tangney PhD), Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research (R M
Voigt PhD), Department of Internal Medicine (R M Voigt), and Department of
Anatomy and Cell Biology (R M Voigt), Rush University Medical Center (M Wagner)
and Department of Neurological Sciences (M Wagner), Rush Medical College, Rush
University, Chicago IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Duke University, Durham NC, USA (B L Plassman PhD); Department of Epidemiology,
Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M A Ikram MD PhD);
Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology, Taub Institute,
Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (Y Gu MD PhD), and
Department of Neurology (N Scarmeas MD), Colombia University, New York, NY, USA;
University of North Texas Health Science Center, University of North Texas, Fort
Worth, Texas TX, USA (S O’Bryant PhD); Norwich Medical School (A M
Minihane PhD) and Norwich Institute of Healthy Ageing (A M Minihane), University
of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Wake
Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Wake Forest, NC,
USA (S Craft PhD); Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis
VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA (H A Fink MD MPH); Biostatistics
School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
(S Judd PhD MPH); Aging Research team, Centre for Epidemiology and Research in
Population Health, INSERM (S Andrieu MD PhD) and Department of Clinical
Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Toulouse Hospital, University of
Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (S Andrieu); NIA-Layton
Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology,
Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR, USA (G L Bowman ND MPH);
Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland
OR, USA (G L Bowman); Department of Neurology, Donders Institute from Brain,
Behavior and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
(E Richard MD PhD); Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam
University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E
Richard); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova
Southeastern University, Davie FL, USA (B Albensi PhD); St Boniface Hospital
Research Center, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi); Department of Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi);
Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, IL, USA (E Meyers PhD, M Solis PhD, M
Carrillo PhD, H Snyder PhD); Department of Neurology, Aiginitio Hospital,
Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
(N Scarmeas)
| | - Gene L Bowman
- Department of Medicine (H N Yassine MD) and Department of Neurology (H
N Yassine, Prof L S Schneider MD MS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
(Prof L S Schneider), and Department of Gerontology (Prof L S Schneider), Keck
School of Medicine and Department of Medicine (S Khosravian BA), University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bordeaux population health U1219,
National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)—University of
Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C Samieri PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University
College London, London, UK (G Livingston MD); Camden and Islington NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK (G Livingston); Channing Division of Network
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA, USA (K Glass PhD);
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (K Glass) and Department of
Biostatistics, Harvard Chan School of Public Health (K Glass), Harvard
University, Boston MA, USA; Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center (M Wagner
PhD, F Grodstein ScD), Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Preventive Medicine
(C Tangney PhD), Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research (R M
Voigt PhD), Department of Internal Medicine (R M Voigt), and Department of
Anatomy and Cell Biology (R M Voigt), Rush University Medical Center (M Wagner)
and Department of Neurological Sciences (M Wagner), Rush Medical College, Rush
University, Chicago IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Duke University, Durham NC, USA (B L Plassman PhD); Department of Epidemiology,
Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M A Ikram MD PhD);
Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology, Taub Institute,
Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (Y Gu MD PhD), and
Department of Neurology (N Scarmeas MD), Colombia University, New York, NY, USA;
University of North Texas Health Science Center, University of North Texas, Fort
Worth, Texas TX, USA (S O’Bryant PhD); Norwich Medical School (A M
Minihane PhD) and Norwich Institute of Healthy Ageing (A M Minihane), University
of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Wake
Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Wake Forest, NC,
USA (S Craft PhD); Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis
VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA (H A Fink MD MPH); Biostatistics
School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
(S Judd PhD MPH); Aging Research team, Centre for Epidemiology and Research in
Population Health, INSERM (S Andrieu MD PhD) and Department of Clinical
Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Toulouse Hospital, University of
Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (S Andrieu); NIA-Layton
Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology,
Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR, USA (G L Bowman ND MPH);
Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland
OR, USA (G L Bowman); Department of Neurology, Donders Institute from Brain,
Behavior and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
(E Richard MD PhD); Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam
University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E
Richard); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova
Southeastern University, Davie FL, USA (B Albensi PhD); St Boniface Hospital
Research Center, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi); Department of Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi);
Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, IL, USA (E Meyers PhD, M Solis PhD, M
Carrillo PhD, H Snyder PhD); Department of Neurology, Aiginitio Hospital,
Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
(N Scarmeas)
| | - Edo Richard
- Department of Medicine (H N Yassine MD) and Department of Neurology (H
N Yassine, Prof L S Schneider MD MS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
(Prof L S Schneider), and Department of Gerontology (Prof L S Schneider), Keck
School of Medicine and Department of Medicine (S Khosravian BA), University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bordeaux population health U1219,
National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)—University of
Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C Samieri PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University
College London, London, UK (G Livingston MD); Camden and Islington NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK (G Livingston); Channing Division of Network
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA, USA (K Glass PhD);
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (K Glass) and Department of
Biostatistics, Harvard Chan School of Public Health (K Glass), Harvard
University, Boston MA, USA; Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center (M Wagner
PhD, F Grodstein ScD), Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Preventive Medicine
(C Tangney PhD), Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research (R M
Voigt PhD), Department of Internal Medicine (R M Voigt), and Department of
Anatomy and Cell Biology (R M Voigt), Rush University Medical Center (M Wagner)
and Department of Neurological Sciences (M Wagner), Rush Medical College, Rush
University, Chicago IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Duke University, Durham NC, USA (B L Plassman PhD); Department of Epidemiology,
Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M A Ikram MD PhD);
Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology, Taub Institute,
Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (Y Gu MD PhD), and
Department of Neurology (N Scarmeas MD), Colombia University, New York, NY, USA;
University of North Texas Health Science Center, University of North Texas, Fort
Worth, Texas TX, USA (S O’Bryant PhD); Norwich Medical School (A M
Minihane PhD) and Norwich Institute of Healthy Ageing (A M Minihane), University
of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Wake
Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Wake Forest, NC,
USA (S Craft PhD); Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis
VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA (H A Fink MD MPH); Biostatistics
School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
(S Judd PhD MPH); Aging Research team, Centre for Epidemiology and Research in
Population Health, INSERM (S Andrieu MD PhD) and Department of Clinical
Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Toulouse Hospital, University of
Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (S Andrieu); NIA-Layton
Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology,
Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR, USA (G L Bowman ND MPH);
Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland
OR, USA (G L Bowman); Department of Neurology, Donders Institute from Brain,
Behavior and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
(E Richard MD PhD); Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam
University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E
Richard); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova
Southeastern University, Davie FL, USA (B Albensi PhD); St Boniface Hospital
Research Center, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi); Department of Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi);
Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, IL, USA (E Meyers PhD, M Solis PhD, M
Carrillo PhD, H Snyder PhD); Department of Neurology, Aiginitio Hospital,
Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
(N Scarmeas)
| | - Benedict Albensi
- Department of Medicine (H N Yassine MD) and Department of Neurology (H
N Yassine, Prof L S Schneider MD MS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
(Prof L S Schneider), and Department of Gerontology (Prof L S Schneider), Keck
School of Medicine and Department of Medicine (S Khosravian BA), University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bordeaux population health U1219,
National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)—University of
Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C Samieri PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University
College London, London, UK (G Livingston MD); Camden and Islington NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK (G Livingston); Channing Division of Network
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA, USA (K Glass PhD);
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (K Glass) and Department of
Biostatistics, Harvard Chan School of Public Health (K Glass), Harvard
University, Boston MA, USA; Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center (M Wagner
PhD, F Grodstein ScD), Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Preventive Medicine
(C Tangney PhD), Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research (R M
Voigt PhD), Department of Internal Medicine (R M Voigt), and Department of
Anatomy and Cell Biology (R M Voigt), Rush University Medical Center (M Wagner)
and Department of Neurological Sciences (M Wagner), Rush Medical College, Rush
University, Chicago IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Duke University, Durham NC, USA (B L Plassman PhD); Department of Epidemiology,
Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M A Ikram MD PhD);
Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology, Taub Institute,
Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (Y Gu MD PhD), and
Department of Neurology (N Scarmeas MD), Colombia University, New York, NY, USA;
University of North Texas Health Science Center, University of North Texas, Fort
Worth, Texas TX, USA (S O’Bryant PhD); Norwich Medical School (A M
Minihane PhD) and Norwich Institute of Healthy Ageing (A M Minihane), University
of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Wake
Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Wake Forest, NC,
USA (S Craft PhD); Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis
VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA (H A Fink MD MPH); Biostatistics
School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
(S Judd PhD MPH); Aging Research team, Centre for Epidemiology and Research in
Population Health, INSERM (S Andrieu MD PhD) and Department of Clinical
Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Toulouse Hospital, University of
Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (S Andrieu); NIA-Layton
Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology,
Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR, USA (G L Bowman ND MPH);
Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland
OR, USA (G L Bowman); Department of Neurology, Donders Institute from Brain,
Behavior and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
(E Richard MD PhD); Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam
University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E
Richard); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova
Southeastern University, Davie FL, USA (B Albensi PhD); St Boniface Hospital
Research Center, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi); Department of Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi);
Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, IL, USA (E Meyers PhD, M Solis PhD, M
Carrillo PhD, H Snyder PhD); Department of Neurology, Aiginitio Hospital,
Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
(N Scarmeas)
| | - Emily Meyers
- Department of Medicine (H N Yassine MD) and Department of Neurology (H
N Yassine, Prof L S Schneider MD MS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
(Prof L S Schneider), and Department of Gerontology (Prof L S Schneider), Keck
School of Medicine and Department of Medicine (S Khosravian BA), University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bordeaux population health U1219,
National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)—University of
Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C Samieri PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University
College London, London, UK (G Livingston MD); Camden and Islington NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK (G Livingston); Channing Division of Network
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA, USA (K Glass PhD);
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (K Glass) and Department of
Biostatistics, Harvard Chan School of Public Health (K Glass), Harvard
University, Boston MA, USA; Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center (M Wagner
PhD, F Grodstein ScD), Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Preventive Medicine
(C Tangney PhD), Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research (R M
Voigt PhD), Department of Internal Medicine (R M Voigt), and Department of
Anatomy and Cell Biology (R M Voigt), Rush University Medical Center (M Wagner)
and Department of Neurological Sciences (M Wagner), Rush Medical College, Rush
University, Chicago IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Duke University, Durham NC, USA (B L Plassman PhD); Department of Epidemiology,
Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M A Ikram MD PhD);
Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology, Taub Institute,
Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (Y Gu MD PhD), and
Department of Neurology (N Scarmeas MD), Colombia University, New York, NY, USA;
University of North Texas Health Science Center, University of North Texas, Fort
Worth, Texas TX, USA (S O’Bryant PhD); Norwich Medical School (A M
Minihane PhD) and Norwich Institute of Healthy Ageing (A M Minihane), University
of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Wake
Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Wake Forest, NC,
USA (S Craft PhD); Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis
VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA (H A Fink MD MPH); Biostatistics
School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
(S Judd PhD MPH); Aging Research team, Centre for Epidemiology and Research in
Population Health, INSERM (S Andrieu MD PhD) and Department of Clinical
Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Toulouse Hospital, University of
Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (S Andrieu); NIA-Layton
Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology,
Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR, USA (G L Bowman ND MPH);
Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland
OR, USA (G L Bowman); Department of Neurology, Donders Institute from Brain,
Behavior and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
(E Richard MD PhD); Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam
University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E
Richard); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova
Southeastern University, Davie FL, USA (B Albensi PhD); St Boniface Hospital
Research Center, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi); Department of Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi);
Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, IL, USA (E Meyers PhD, M Solis PhD, M
Carrillo PhD, H Snyder PhD); Department of Neurology, Aiginitio Hospital,
Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
(N Scarmeas)
| | - Serly Khosravian
- Department of Medicine (H N Yassine MD) and Department of Neurology (H
N Yassine, Prof L S Schneider MD MS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
(Prof L S Schneider), and Department of Gerontology (Prof L S Schneider), Keck
School of Medicine and Department of Medicine (S Khosravian BA), University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bordeaux population health U1219,
National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)—University of
Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C Samieri PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University
College London, London, UK (G Livingston MD); Camden and Islington NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK (G Livingston); Channing Division of Network
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA, USA (K Glass PhD);
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (K Glass) and Department of
Biostatistics, Harvard Chan School of Public Health (K Glass), Harvard
University, Boston MA, USA; Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center (M Wagner
PhD, F Grodstein ScD), Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Preventive Medicine
(C Tangney PhD), Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research (R M
Voigt PhD), Department of Internal Medicine (R M Voigt), and Department of
Anatomy and Cell Biology (R M Voigt), Rush University Medical Center (M Wagner)
and Department of Neurological Sciences (M Wagner), Rush Medical College, Rush
University, Chicago IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Duke University, Durham NC, USA (B L Plassman PhD); Department of Epidemiology,
Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M A Ikram MD PhD);
Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology, Taub Institute,
Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (Y Gu MD PhD), and
Department of Neurology (N Scarmeas MD), Colombia University, New York, NY, USA;
University of North Texas Health Science Center, University of North Texas, Fort
Worth, Texas TX, USA (S O’Bryant PhD); Norwich Medical School (A M
Minihane PhD) and Norwich Institute of Healthy Ageing (A M Minihane), University
of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Wake
Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Wake Forest, NC,
USA (S Craft PhD); Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis
VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA (H A Fink MD MPH); Biostatistics
School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
(S Judd PhD MPH); Aging Research team, Centre for Epidemiology and Research in
Population Health, INSERM (S Andrieu MD PhD) and Department of Clinical
Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Toulouse Hospital, University of
Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (S Andrieu); NIA-Layton
Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology,
Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR, USA (G L Bowman ND MPH);
Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland
OR, USA (G L Bowman); Department of Neurology, Donders Institute from Brain,
Behavior and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
(E Richard MD PhD); Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam
University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E
Richard); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova
Southeastern University, Davie FL, USA (B Albensi PhD); St Boniface Hospital
Research Center, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi); Department of Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi);
Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, IL, USA (E Meyers PhD, M Solis PhD, M
Carrillo PhD, H Snyder PhD); Department of Neurology, Aiginitio Hospital,
Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
(N Scarmeas)
| | - Michele Solis
- Department of Medicine (H N Yassine MD) and Department of Neurology (H
N Yassine, Prof L S Schneider MD MS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
(Prof L S Schneider), and Department of Gerontology (Prof L S Schneider), Keck
School of Medicine and Department of Medicine (S Khosravian BA), University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bordeaux population health U1219,
National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)—University of
Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C Samieri PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University
College London, London, UK (G Livingston MD); Camden and Islington NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK (G Livingston); Channing Division of Network
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA, USA (K Glass PhD);
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (K Glass) and Department of
Biostatistics, Harvard Chan School of Public Health (K Glass), Harvard
University, Boston MA, USA; Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center (M Wagner
PhD, F Grodstein ScD), Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Preventive Medicine
(C Tangney PhD), Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research (R M
Voigt PhD), Department of Internal Medicine (R M Voigt), and Department of
Anatomy and Cell Biology (R M Voigt), Rush University Medical Center (M Wagner)
and Department of Neurological Sciences (M Wagner), Rush Medical College, Rush
University, Chicago IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Duke University, Durham NC, USA (B L Plassman PhD); Department of Epidemiology,
Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M A Ikram MD PhD);
Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology, Taub Institute,
Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (Y Gu MD PhD), and
Department of Neurology (N Scarmeas MD), Colombia University, New York, NY, USA;
University of North Texas Health Science Center, University of North Texas, Fort
Worth, Texas TX, USA (S O’Bryant PhD); Norwich Medical School (A M
Minihane PhD) and Norwich Institute of Healthy Ageing (A M Minihane), University
of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Wake
Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Wake Forest, NC,
USA (S Craft PhD); Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis
VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA (H A Fink MD MPH); Biostatistics
School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
(S Judd PhD MPH); Aging Research team, Centre for Epidemiology and Research in
Population Health, INSERM (S Andrieu MD PhD) and Department of Clinical
Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Toulouse Hospital, University of
Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (S Andrieu); NIA-Layton
Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology,
Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR, USA (G L Bowman ND MPH);
Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland
OR, USA (G L Bowman); Department of Neurology, Donders Institute from Brain,
Behavior and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
(E Richard MD PhD); Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam
University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E
Richard); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova
Southeastern University, Davie FL, USA (B Albensi PhD); St Boniface Hospital
Research Center, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi); Department of Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi);
Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, IL, USA (E Meyers PhD, M Solis PhD, M
Carrillo PhD, H Snyder PhD); Department of Neurology, Aiginitio Hospital,
Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
(N Scarmeas)
| | - Maria Carrillo
- Department of Medicine (H N Yassine MD) and Department of Neurology (H
N Yassine, Prof L S Schneider MD MS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
(Prof L S Schneider), and Department of Gerontology (Prof L S Schneider), Keck
School of Medicine and Department of Medicine (S Khosravian BA), University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bordeaux population health U1219,
National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)—University of
Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C Samieri PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University
College London, London, UK (G Livingston MD); Camden and Islington NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK (G Livingston); Channing Division of Network
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA, USA (K Glass PhD);
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (K Glass) and Department of
Biostatistics, Harvard Chan School of Public Health (K Glass), Harvard
University, Boston MA, USA; Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center (M Wagner
PhD, F Grodstein ScD), Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Preventive Medicine
(C Tangney PhD), Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research (R M
Voigt PhD), Department of Internal Medicine (R M Voigt), and Department of
Anatomy and Cell Biology (R M Voigt), Rush University Medical Center (M Wagner)
and Department of Neurological Sciences (M Wagner), Rush Medical College, Rush
University, Chicago IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Duke University, Durham NC, USA (B L Plassman PhD); Department of Epidemiology,
Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M A Ikram MD PhD);
Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology, Taub Institute,
Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (Y Gu MD PhD), and
Department of Neurology (N Scarmeas MD), Colombia University, New York, NY, USA;
University of North Texas Health Science Center, University of North Texas, Fort
Worth, Texas TX, USA (S O’Bryant PhD); Norwich Medical School (A M
Minihane PhD) and Norwich Institute of Healthy Ageing (A M Minihane), University
of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Wake
Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Wake Forest, NC,
USA (S Craft PhD); Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis
VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA (H A Fink MD MPH); Biostatistics
School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
(S Judd PhD MPH); Aging Research team, Centre for Epidemiology and Research in
Population Health, INSERM (S Andrieu MD PhD) and Department of Clinical
Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Toulouse Hospital, University of
Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (S Andrieu); NIA-Layton
Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology,
Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR, USA (G L Bowman ND MPH);
Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland
OR, USA (G L Bowman); Department of Neurology, Donders Institute from Brain,
Behavior and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
(E Richard MD PhD); Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam
University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E
Richard); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova
Southeastern University, Davie FL, USA (B Albensi PhD); St Boniface Hospital
Research Center, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi); Department of Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi);
Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, IL, USA (E Meyers PhD, M Solis PhD, M
Carrillo PhD, H Snyder PhD); Department of Neurology, Aiginitio Hospital,
Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
(N Scarmeas)
| | - Heather Snyder
- Department of Medicine (H N Yassine MD) and Department of Neurology (H
N Yassine, Prof L S Schneider MD MS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
(Prof L S Schneider), and Department of Gerontology (Prof L S Schneider), Keck
School of Medicine and Department of Medicine (S Khosravian BA), University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bordeaux population health U1219,
National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)—University of
Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C Samieri PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University
College London, London, UK (G Livingston MD); Camden and Islington NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK (G Livingston); Channing Division of Network
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA, USA (K Glass PhD);
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (K Glass) and Department of
Biostatistics, Harvard Chan School of Public Health (K Glass), Harvard
University, Boston MA, USA; Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center (M Wagner
PhD, F Grodstein ScD), Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Preventive Medicine
(C Tangney PhD), Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research (R M
Voigt PhD), Department of Internal Medicine (R M Voigt), and Department of
Anatomy and Cell Biology (R M Voigt), Rush University Medical Center (M Wagner)
and Department of Neurological Sciences (M Wagner), Rush Medical College, Rush
University, Chicago IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Duke University, Durham NC, USA (B L Plassman PhD); Department of Epidemiology,
Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M A Ikram MD PhD);
Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology, Taub Institute,
Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (Y Gu MD PhD), and
Department of Neurology (N Scarmeas MD), Colombia University, New York, NY, USA;
University of North Texas Health Science Center, University of North Texas, Fort
Worth, Texas TX, USA (S O’Bryant PhD); Norwich Medical School (A M
Minihane PhD) and Norwich Institute of Healthy Ageing (A M Minihane), University
of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Wake
Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Wake Forest, NC,
USA (S Craft PhD); Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis
VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA (H A Fink MD MPH); Biostatistics
School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
(S Judd PhD MPH); Aging Research team, Centre for Epidemiology and Research in
Population Health, INSERM (S Andrieu MD PhD) and Department of Clinical
Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Toulouse Hospital, University of
Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (S Andrieu); NIA-Layton
Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology,
Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR, USA (G L Bowman ND MPH);
Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland
OR, USA (G L Bowman); Department of Neurology, Donders Institute from Brain,
Behavior and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
(E Richard MD PhD); Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam
University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E
Richard); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova
Southeastern University, Davie FL, USA (B Albensi PhD); St Boniface Hospital
Research Center, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi); Department of Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi);
Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, IL, USA (E Meyers PhD, M Solis PhD, M
Carrillo PhD, H Snyder PhD); Department of Neurology, Aiginitio Hospital,
Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
(N Scarmeas)
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