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Cavero-Redondo I, Sui X, Blair SN, Lavie CJ, Álvarez-Bueno C, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. Lifetime predictors of stroke in subjects without a diagnosis of hypertension: the aerobics center longitudinal study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:849-856. [PMID: 31040684 PMCID: PMC6459140 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s193842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although several studies have assessed the importance of traditional risk factors in predicting stroke, none have concurrently addressed the stroke-predicting ability of these risk factors across the lifespan of subjects without a hypertension (HTN) diagnosis. Thus, this study aimed to assess the importance of blood-pressure-related risk indicators, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), weight status, diabetes mellitus (DM), and lifestyle factors as predictors of stroke in different stages of life among non-hypertensive subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was a long-term follow-up study including 33,254 men and 10,598 women from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (ACLS) who were 18-100 years old and did not have a HTN diagnosis at baseline. Logistic regression models were constructed using forward selection procedures for each age category, with stroke occurrence as the dependent variable, and pulse pressure (PP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), smoking status, CRF, drinking behavior, DM status, and weight status as potential predictors. RESULTS In total, 507 subjects had a stroke during an average follow-up period of 17 years (range=1-34 years). Logistic regression models showed that MAP values (P=0.043) in those aged 19-39 years; SBP (P<0.001), CRF (P=0.001), weight status (P=0.005), and alcohol consumption (P=0.001) in those 40-60 years old; and CRF (P=0.002), weight status (P=0.005), and DM status (P=0.037) in those over 60 years old were predictors of stroke. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that, among individuals without a baseline HTN diagnosis, classic modifiable risk factors for stroke change across different stages of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Cavero-Redondo
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain,
| | - Xuemei Sui
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Steven N Blair
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Carl J Lavie
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Celia Álvarez-Bueno
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain,
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain, .,Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Talca, Chile
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Buonacera A, Stancanelli B, Malatino L. Stroke and Hypertension: An Appraisal from Pathophysiology to Clinical Practice. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2018; 17:72-84. [DOI: 10.2174/1570161115666171116151051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Stroke as a cause of long-term disability is a growing public health burden. Therefore, focusing
on prevention is important. The most prominent aim of this strategy is to treat modifiable risk factors,
such as arterial hypertension, the leading modifiable contributor to stroke. Thus, efforts to adequately
reduce Blood Pressure (BP) among hypertensives are mandatory. In this respect, although safety
and benefits of BP control related to long-term outcome have been largely demonstrated, there are open
questions that remain to be addressed, such as optimal timing to initiate BP reduction and BP goals to be
targeted. Moreover, evidence on antihypertensive treatment during the acute phase of stroke or BP management
in specific categories (i.e. patients with carotid stenosis and post-acute stroke) remain controversial.
</P><P>
This review provides a critical update on the current knowledge concerning BP management and stroke
pathophysiology in patients who are either at risk for stroke or who experienced stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Buonacera
- Academic Unit of Internal Medicine and Hypertension Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, c/o Cannizzaro Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Benedetta Stancanelli
- Academic Unit of Internal Medicine and Hypertension Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, c/o Cannizzaro Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Malatino
- Academic Unit of Internal Medicine and Hypertension Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, c/o Cannizzaro Hospital, Catania, Italy
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Sierra C, Castilla-Guerra L, Masjuan J, Gil-Nuñez A, Álvarez-Sabín J, Egocheaga MI, Armario P. [Recommendations on the treatment of hypertension in the secondary prevention of ischemic stroke]. HIPERTENSION Y RIESGO VASCULAR 2018; 35:e11-e18. [PMID: 30042028 DOI: 10.1016/j.hipert.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Stroke continues to be one of the leading causes of death and disability in the world. One of the main problems with a patient who has survived from a stroke is the possibility of developing a new vascular episode again. Hypertension is the modifiable vascular risk factor with the greatest impact for both primary prevention and stroke recurrence. The Group for the study of Hypertension and Brain (GEHYC) from the Spanish Society of Hypertension aims to spread the importance of strict control of blood pressure in order to prevent cerebrovascular diseases. In this article, this multidisciplinary Group reviews the latest evidence regarding antihypertensive treatment and secondary prevention of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sierra
- Unidad de Hipertensión y Riesgo Vascular, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, España.
| | - L Castilla-Guerra
- Unidad de Riesgo Vascular, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, España
| | - J Masjuan
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá (IRYCIS), Red INVICTUS PLUS, Madrid, España
| | - A Gil-Nuñez
- Sección de Neurología Vascular-Unidad de Ictus, Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España
| | - J Álvarez-Sabín
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Vall d́Hebrón, Barcelona, España
| | - M I Egocheaga
- Medicina de Familia, Centro de Salud de Oza, Madrid, España
| | - P Armario
- Área Atención Integrada Riesgo Vascular, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Moisés Broggi-Consorci Sanitari Integral, Universidad de Barcelona , Barcelona, España
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Rozza F, Manzi MV, Trimarco B. Is there a risk in overtreating a hypertensive patient? J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2018; 18 Suppl 1:e50-e53. [PMID: 27801683 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000000440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Rozza
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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Tsivgoulis G, Safouris A, Kim DE, Alexandrov AV. Recent Advances in Primary and Secondary Prevention of Atherosclerotic Stroke. J Stroke 2018; 20:145-166. [PMID: 29886715 PMCID: PMC6007302 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2018.00773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a major cause of ischemic stroke that can be effectively prevented with appropriate lifestyle modifications and control of cardiovascular risk factors. Medical advances in recent years along with aggressive cardiovascular risk factor modifications have resulted in decreased recurrence rates of atherosclerotic stroke. Non-statin lipid-lowering molecules have recently shown clinical benefit and are recommended for very high-risk patients to reduce their risk of stroke. Aggressive hypertension treatment is crucial to reduce atherosclerotic stroke risk. Advances in antithrombotic treatments include combinations of antiplatelets and new antiplatelet agents in the acute phase post-stroke, which carries a high risk of recurrence. Intensive medical treatment has also limited the indications for carotid interventions, especially for asymptomatic disease. Intracranial atherosclerotic disease may provoke stroke through various mechanisms; it is increasingly recognized as a cause of ischemic stroke with advanced imaging and is best managed with lifestyle modifications and medical therapy. The diagnostic search for the vulnerable culprit atherosclerotic plaque is an area of intense research, from the level of the intracranial arteries to that of the aortic arch. Ultrasonography and novel magnetic resonance imaging techniques (high-resolution vessel-wall imaging) may assist in the identification of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques as the underlying cause in cryptogenic or misdiagnosed non-atherosclerotic ischemic stroke. Vertebrobasilar atherosclerotic disease is less common than carotid artery disease; thus, high-quality data on effective prevention strategies are scarcer. However, aggressive medical treatment is also the gold standard to reduce cerebrovascular disease located in posterior circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Second Department of Neurology, “Attikon” University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
- Department of Neurology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Apostolos Safouris
- Second Department of Neurology, “Attikon” University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
- Stroke Unit, Metropolitan Hospital, Pireus, Greece
| | - Dong-Eog Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Andrei V. Alexandrov
- Department of Neurology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton B. Wright
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Rockville, MD
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Borisenko O, Lukyanov V, Debergh I, Dillemans B. Cost-effectiveness analysis of bariatric surgery for morbid obesity in Belgium. J Med Econ 2018; 21:365-373. [PMID: 29271279 DOI: 10.1080/13696998.2017.1419958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study presents the cost-effectiveness analysis of bariatric surgery in Belgium from a third-party payer perspective for a lifetime and 10-year horizon. MATERIALS AND METHODS A decision analytic model incorporating Markov process was developed to compare the cost-effectiveness of gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, and adjustable gastric banding against conventional medical management (CMM). In the model, patients could undergo surgery, or experience post-surgery complications, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, or die. Transition probabilities, costs, and utilities were derived from the literature. The impact of different surgical methods on body mass index (BMI) level in the base-case analysis was informed by the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry and the Swedish Obese Subject (SOS) study. Healthcare resource use and costs were obtained from Belgian sources. A base-case analysis was performed for the population, the characteristics of which were obtained from surgery candidates in Belgium. RESULTS In the base-case analysis over a 10-year time horizon, the increment in quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained from bariatric surgery vs CMM was 1.4 per patient, whereas the incremental cost was €3,788, leading to an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of €2,809 per QALY. Over a lifetime, bariatric surgery produced savings of €9,332, an additional 1.1 life years and 5.0 QALYs. Bariatric surgery was cost-effective at 10 years post-surgery and dominant over conventional management over a lifetime horizon. LIMITATIONS The model did not include the whole scope of obesity-related complications, and also did not account for variation in surgery outcomes for different populations of diabetic patients. Also, the data about management of patients after surgery was based on assumptions and the opinion of a clinical expert. CONCLUSIONS It was demonstrated that a current mix of bariatric surgery methods was cost-effective at 10 years post-surgery and cost-saving over the lifetime of the Belgian patient cohort considered in this analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Borisenko
- a Health Economics and Market Access , Synergus AB , Danderyd ( Stockholm ), Sweden
| | - Vasily Lukyanov
- b Health Economics , Synergus AB , Danderyd (Stockholm) , Sweden
| | - Isabelle Debergh
- c Dienst Algemene, Vaat- en Kinderheelkunde, AZ Sint-Jan Brugge-Oostende AV, campus Sint-Jan , Ruddershove 10 , 8000 Brugge , Belgium
| | - Bruno Dillemans
- c Dienst Algemene, Vaat- en Kinderheelkunde, AZ Sint-Jan Brugge-Oostende AV, campus Sint-Jan , Ruddershove 10 , 8000 Brugge , Belgium
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Rahman F, McEvoy JW. The J-shaped Curve for Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Historical Context and Recent Updates. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2018; 19:34. [PMID: 28612327 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-017-0670-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The definition and treatment of hypertension have both changed dramatically over the last century, with recent trials suggesting benefit for lower blood pressure (BP) targets than ever before considered. However, tempering the enthusiasm for more intensive BP targets are long-held concerns that BP reduction below a certain threshold may pose dangers, the so-called "J-curve." In this review, we summarize the evidence for a J-curve in the treatment of hypertension. RECENT FINDINGS The Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) reported that achieving a systolic BP target of 120 mmHg reduces cardiovascular disease in high-risk individuals, supporting more intensive BP reduction. However, contemporary observational studies consistently demonstrate a BP J-curve, the threshold of which is often close to the SPRINT target. Studies also suggest that the BP level of this J-curve may vary based on patient characteristics, including age and comorbidities. There is also more compelling evidence for the specific presence of a J-curve between diastolic BP and coronary events, in contrast to conflicting evidence of a J-curve with systolic BP and cardiovascular disease more generally. There is increased risk of coronary events below a diastolic BP of 60-70 mmHg. In comparison, the presence of a systolic J-curve is less clear and some persons at high risk may actually benefit from systolic levels down to 120 mmHg. Therefore, we suggest a personalized approach to BP management considering individual risks, benefits, and preferences when choosing therapeutic targets. Further, well-designed studies are required to support our suggestions and to define J-curve thresholds more clearly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Rahman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John W McEvoy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Blalock 524C, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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Andrew NE, Kim J, Thrift AG, Kilkenny MF, Lannin NA, Anderson CS, Donnan GA, Hill K, Middleton S, Levi C, Faux S, Grimley R, Gange N, Geraghty R, Ermel S, Cadilhac DA. Prescription of antihypertensive medication at discharge influences survival following stroke. Neurology 2018; 90:e745-e753. [PMID: 29386279 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000005023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the risk of death from cardiovascular disease between patients who were and were not prescribed antihypertensive medication following stroke or TIA. METHODS This was a large cohort study using routinely collected prospective data from the Australian Stroke Clinical Registry. Patients registered between 2009 and 2013 who were discharged to the community or rehabilitation were included. Cases were linked to the National Death Index to determine the date and cause of death. Propensity score matching with stratification was utilized to compare between similar subgroups of patients. Multivariable competing risks regression, with noncardiovascular death as a competing risk, was conducted to investigate the association between the prescription of antihypertensive medications and cardiovascular death at 180 days after admission. RESULTS Among 12,198 patients from 40 hospitals, 70% were prescribed antihypertensive medications. Patients who were older, were treated in a stroke unit, and had better socioeconomic position were more often discharged from hospital with an antihypertensive medication. Including only patients within propensity score quintiles with acceptable levels of balance in covariates between groups (n = 8,786), prescription of antihypertensive medications was associated with a 23% greater reduction in the subhazard of cardiovascular death compared to those who were not prescribed these agents (subhazard ratio 0.77; 95% confidence interval 0.61 to 0.97). CONCLUSIONS People who are prescribed antihypertensive medications at discharge from hospital after a stroke or TIA demonstrate better cardiovascular and all-cause survival outcomes than those not prescribed these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine E Andrew
- From Stroke & Ageing Research (N.E.A., J.K., A.G.T., M.F.K., R.G., D.A.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton; Department of Medicine (N.E.A), Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Frankston; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (J.K., M.F.K., G.A.D., D.A.C.), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; School of Allied Health (Occupational Therapy) (N.A.L.), La Trobe University, Bundoora; Occupational Therapy Department (N.A.L.), Alfred Health, Melbourne; Faculty of Medicine (C.S.A.), The University of New South Wales, Sydney; Stroke Foundation (K.H.), Melbourne; Nursing Research Institute (S.M.), St Vincent's Health Australia, Sydney and Australian Catholic University, Sydney; University of New South Wales and the Partnership for Health Education, Research and Enterprise (SPHERE) (C.L.), Sydney; Faculty of Medicine (S.F.), The University of New South Wales, Sydney and St Vincent's Health Australia, Sydney; Statewide Stroke Clinical Network (R.G.), Queensland Health, Brisbane; Sunshine Coast Clinical School (R.G), The University of Queensland, Birtinya; Toowoomba Hospital (N.G.), Toowoomba; Redcliffe Hospital (R.G.), Brisbane; and Bendigo Health (S.E.), Bendigo, Australia
| | - Joosup Kim
- From Stroke & Ageing Research (N.E.A., J.K., A.G.T., M.F.K., R.G., D.A.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton; Department of Medicine (N.E.A), Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Frankston; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (J.K., M.F.K., G.A.D., D.A.C.), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; School of Allied Health (Occupational Therapy) (N.A.L.), La Trobe University, Bundoora; Occupational Therapy Department (N.A.L.), Alfred Health, Melbourne; Faculty of Medicine (C.S.A.), The University of New South Wales, Sydney; Stroke Foundation (K.H.), Melbourne; Nursing Research Institute (S.M.), St Vincent's Health Australia, Sydney and Australian Catholic University, Sydney; University of New South Wales and the Partnership for Health Education, Research and Enterprise (SPHERE) (C.L.), Sydney; Faculty of Medicine (S.F.), The University of New South Wales, Sydney and St Vincent's Health Australia, Sydney; Statewide Stroke Clinical Network (R.G.), Queensland Health, Brisbane; Sunshine Coast Clinical School (R.G), The University of Queensland, Birtinya; Toowoomba Hospital (N.G.), Toowoomba; Redcliffe Hospital (R.G.), Brisbane; and Bendigo Health (S.E.), Bendigo, Australia
| | - Amanda G Thrift
- From Stroke & Ageing Research (N.E.A., J.K., A.G.T., M.F.K., R.G., D.A.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton; Department of Medicine (N.E.A), Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Frankston; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (J.K., M.F.K., G.A.D., D.A.C.), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; School of Allied Health (Occupational Therapy) (N.A.L.), La Trobe University, Bundoora; Occupational Therapy Department (N.A.L.), Alfred Health, Melbourne; Faculty of Medicine (C.S.A.), The University of New South Wales, Sydney; Stroke Foundation (K.H.), Melbourne; Nursing Research Institute (S.M.), St Vincent's Health Australia, Sydney and Australian Catholic University, Sydney; University of New South Wales and the Partnership for Health Education, Research and Enterprise (SPHERE) (C.L.), Sydney; Faculty of Medicine (S.F.), The University of New South Wales, Sydney and St Vincent's Health Australia, Sydney; Statewide Stroke Clinical Network (R.G.), Queensland Health, Brisbane; Sunshine Coast Clinical School (R.G), The University of Queensland, Birtinya; Toowoomba Hospital (N.G.), Toowoomba; Redcliffe Hospital (R.G.), Brisbane; and Bendigo Health (S.E.), Bendigo, Australia
| | - Monique F Kilkenny
- From Stroke & Ageing Research (N.E.A., J.K., A.G.T., M.F.K., R.G., D.A.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton; Department of Medicine (N.E.A), Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Frankston; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (J.K., M.F.K., G.A.D., D.A.C.), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; School of Allied Health (Occupational Therapy) (N.A.L.), La Trobe University, Bundoora; Occupational Therapy Department (N.A.L.), Alfred Health, Melbourne; Faculty of Medicine (C.S.A.), The University of New South Wales, Sydney; Stroke Foundation (K.H.), Melbourne; Nursing Research Institute (S.M.), St Vincent's Health Australia, Sydney and Australian Catholic University, Sydney; University of New South Wales and the Partnership for Health Education, Research and Enterprise (SPHERE) (C.L.), Sydney; Faculty of Medicine (S.F.), The University of New South Wales, Sydney and St Vincent's Health Australia, Sydney; Statewide Stroke Clinical Network (R.G.), Queensland Health, Brisbane; Sunshine Coast Clinical School (R.G), The University of Queensland, Birtinya; Toowoomba Hospital (N.G.), Toowoomba; Redcliffe Hospital (R.G.), Brisbane; and Bendigo Health (S.E.), Bendigo, Australia
| | - Natasha A Lannin
- From Stroke & Ageing Research (N.E.A., J.K., A.G.T., M.F.K., R.G., D.A.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton; Department of Medicine (N.E.A), Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Frankston; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (J.K., M.F.K., G.A.D., D.A.C.), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; School of Allied Health (Occupational Therapy) (N.A.L.), La Trobe University, Bundoora; Occupational Therapy Department (N.A.L.), Alfred Health, Melbourne; Faculty of Medicine (C.S.A.), The University of New South Wales, Sydney; Stroke Foundation (K.H.), Melbourne; Nursing Research Institute (S.M.), St Vincent's Health Australia, Sydney and Australian Catholic University, Sydney; University of New South Wales and the Partnership for Health Education, Research and Enterprise (SPHERE) (C.L.), Sydney; Faculty of Medicine (S.F.), The University of New South Wales, Sydney and St Vincent's Health Australia, Sydney; Statewide Stroke Clinical Network (R.G.), Queensland Health, Brisbane; Sunshine Coast Clinical School (R.G), The University of Queensland, Birtinya; Toowoomba Hospital (N.G.), Toowoomba; Redcliffe Hospital (R.G.), Brisbane; and Bendigo Health (S.E.), Bendigo, Australia
| | - Craig S Anderson
- From Stroke & Ageing Research (N.E.A., J.K., A.G.T., M.F.K., R.G., D.A.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton; Department of Medicine (N.E.A), Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Frankston; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (J.K., M.F.K., G.A.D., D.A.C.), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; School of Allied Health (Occupational Therapy) (N.A.L.), La Trobe University, Bundoora; Occupational Therapy Department (N.A.L.), Alfred Health, Melbourne; Faculty of Medicine (C.S.A.), The University of New South Wales, Sydney; Stroke Foundation (K.H.), Melbourne; Nursing Research Institute (S.M.), St Vincent's Health Australia, Sydney and Australian Catholic University, Sydney; University of New South Wales and the Partnership for Health Education, Research and Enterprise (SPHERE) (C.L.), Sydney; Faculty of Medicine (S.F.), The University of New South Wales, Sydney and St Vincent's Health Australia, Sydney; Statewide Stroke Clinical Network (R.G.), Queensland Health, Brisbane; Sunshine Coast Clinical School (R.G), The University of Queensland, Birtinya; Toowoomba Hospital (N.G.), Toowoomba; Redcliffe Hospital (R.G.), Brisbane; and Bendigo Health (S.E.), Bendigo, Australia
| | - Geoffrey A Donnan
- From Stroke & Ageing Research (N.E.A., J.K., A.G.T., M.F.K., R.G., D.A.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton; Department of Medicine (N.E.A), Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Frankston; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (J.K., M.F.K., G.A.D., D.A.C.), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; School of Allied Health (Occupational Therapy) (N.A.L.), La Trobe University, Bundoora; Occupational Therapy Department (N.A.L.), Alfred Health, Melbourne; Faculty of Medicine (C.S.A.), The University of New South Wales, Sydney; Stroke Foundation (K.H.), Melbourne; Nursing Research Institute (S.M.), St Vincent's Health Australia, Sydney and Australian Catholic University, Sydney; University of New South Wales and the Partnership for Health Education, Research and Enterprise (SPHERE) (C.L.), Sydney; Faculty of Medicine (S.F.), The University of New South Wales, Sydney and St Vincent's Health Australia, Sydney; Statewide Stroke Clinical Network (R.G.), Queensland Health, Brisbane; Sunshine Coast Clinical School (R.G), The University of Queensland, Birtinya; Toowoomba Hospital (N.G.), Toowoomba; Redcliffe Hospital (R.G.), Brisbane; and Bendigo Health (S.E.), Bendigo, Australia
| | - Kelvin Hill
- From Stroke & Ageing Research (N.E.A., J.K., A.G.T., M.F.K., R.G., D.A.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton; Department of Medicine (N.E.A), Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Frankston; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (J.K., M.F.K., G.A.D., D.A.C.), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; School of Allied Health (Occupational Therapy) (N.A.L.), La Trobe University, Bundoora; Occupational Therapy Department (N.A.L.), Alfred Health, Melbourne; Faculty of Medicine (C.S.A.), The University of New South Wales, Sydney; Stroke Foundation (K.H.), Melbourne; Nursing Research Institute (S.M.), St Vincent's Health Australia, Sydney and Australian Catholic University, Sydney; University of New South Wales and the Partnership for Health Education, Research and Enterprise (SPHERE) (C.L.), Sydney; Faculty of Medicine (S.F.), The University of New South Wales, Sydney and St Vincent's Health Australia, Sydney; Statewide Stroke Clinical Network (R.G.), Queensland Health, Brisbane; Sunshine Coast Clinical School (R.G), The University of Queensland, Birtinya; Toowoomba Hospital (N.G.), Toowoomba; Redcliffe Hospital (R.G.), Brisbane; and Bendigo Health (S.E.), Bendigo, Australia
| | - Sandy Middleton
- From Stroke & Ageing Research (N.E.A., J.K., A.G.T., M.F.K., R.G., D.A.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton; Department of Medicine (N.E.A), Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Frankston; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (J.K., M.F.K., G.A.D., D.A.C.), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; School of Allied Health (Occupational Therapy) (N.A.L.), La Trobe University, Bundoora; Occupational Therapy Department (N.A.L.), Alfred Health, Melbourne; Faculty of Medicine (C.S.A.), The University of New South Wales, Sydney; Stroke Foundation (K.H.), Melbourne; Nursing Research Institute (S.M.), St Vincent's Health Australia, Sydney and Australian Catholic University, Sydney; University of New South Wales and the Partnership for Health Education, Research and Enterprise (SPHERE) (C.L.), Sydney; Faculty of Medicine (S.F.), The University of New South Wales, Sydney and St Vincent's Health Australia, Sydney; Statewide Stroke Clinical Network (R.G.), Queensland Health, Brisbane; Sunshine Coast Clinical School (R.G), The University of Queensland, Birtinya; Toowoomba Hospital (N.G.), Toowoomba; Redcliffe Hospital (R.G.), Brisbane; and Bendigo Health (S.E.), Bendigo, Australia
| | - Christopher Levi
- From Stroke & Ageing Research (N.E.A., J.K., A.G.T., M.F.K., R.G., D.A.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton; Department of Medicine (N.E.A), Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Frankston; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (J.K., M.F.K., G.A.D., D.A.C.), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; School of Allied Health (Occupational Therapy) (N.A.L.), La Trobe University, Bundoora; Occupational Therapy Department (N.A.L.), Alfred Health, Melbourne; Faculty of Medicine (C.S.A.), The University of New South Wales, Sydney; Stroke Foundation (K.H.), Melbourne; Nursing Research Institute (S.M.), St Vincent's Health Australia, Sydney and Australian Catholic University, Sydney; University of New South Wales and the Partnership for Health Education, Research and Enterprise (SPHERE) (C.L.), Sydney; Faculty of Medicine (S.F.), The University of New South Wales, Sydney and St Vincent's Health Australia, Sydney; Statewide Stroke Clinical Network (R.G.), Queensland Health, Brisbane; Sunshine Coast Clinical School (R.G), The University of Queensland, Birtinya; Toowoomba Hospital (N.G.), Toowoomba; Redcliffe Hospital (R.G.), Brisbane; and Bendigo Health (S.E.), Bendigo, Australia
| | - Steven Faux
- From Stroke & Ageing Research (N.E.A., J.K., A.G.T., M.F.K., R.G., D.A.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton; Department of Medicine (N.E.A), Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Frankston; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (J.K., M.F.K., G.A.D., D.A.C.), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; School of Allied Health (Occupational Therapy) (N.A.L.), La Trobe University, Bundoora; Occupational Therapy Department (N.A.L.), Alfred Health, Melbourne; Faculty of Medicine (C.S.A.), The University of New South Wales, Sydney; Stroke Foundation (K.H.), Melbourne; Nursing Research Institute (S.M.), St Vincent's Health Australia, Sydney and Australian Catholic University, Sydney; University of New South Wales and the Partnership for Health Education, Research and Enterprise (SPHERE) (C.L.), Sydney; Faculty of Medicine (S.F.), The University of New South Wales, Sydney and St Vincent's Health Australia, Sydney; Statewide Stroke Clinical Network (R.G.), Queensland Health, Brisbane; Sunshine Coast Clinical School (R.G), The University of Queensland, Birtinya; Toowoomba Hospital (N.G.), Toowoomba; Redcliffe Hospital (R.G.), Brisbane; and Bendigo Health (S.E.), Bendigo, Australia
| | - Rohan Grimley
- From Stroke & Ageing Research (N.E.A., J.K., A.G.T., M.F.K., R.G., D.A.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton; Department of Medicine (N.E.A), Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Frankston; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (J.K., M.F.K., G.A.D., D.A.C.), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; School of Allied Health (Occupational Therapy) (N.A.L.), La Trobe University, Bundoora; Occupational Therapy Department (N.A.L.), Alfred Health, Melbourne; Faculty of Medicine (C.S.A.), The University of New South Wales, Sydney; Stroke Foundation (K.H.), Melbourne; Nursing Research Institute (S.M.), St Vincent's Health Australia, Sydney and Australian Catholic University, Sydney; University of New South Wales and the Partnership for Health Education, Research and Enterprise (SPHERE) (C.L.), Sydney; Faculty of Medicine (S.F.), The University of New South Wales, Sydney and St Vincent's Health Australia, Sydney; Statewide Stroke Clinical Network (R.G.), Queensland Health, Brisbane; Sunshine Coast Clinical School (R.G), The University of Queensland, Birtinya; Toowoomba Hospital (N.G.), Toowoomba; Redcliffe Hospital (R.G.), Brisbane; and Bendigo Health (S.E.), Bendigo, Australia
| | - Nisal Gange
- From Stroke & Ageing Research (N.E.A., J.K., A.G.T., M.F.K., R.G., D.A.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton; Department of Medicine (N.E.A), Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Frankston; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (J.K., M.F.K., G.A.D., D.A.C.), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; School of Allied Health (Occupational Therapy) (N.A.L.), La Trobe University, Bundoora; Occupational Therapy Department (N.A.L.), Alfred Health, Melbourne; Faculty of Medicine (C.S.A.), The University of New South Wales, Sydney; Stroke Foundation (K.H.), Melbourne; Nursing Research Institute (S.M.), St Vincent's Health Australia, Sydney and Australian Catholic University, Sydney; University of New South Wales and the Partnership for Health Education, Research and Enterprise (SPHERE) (C.L.), Sydney; Faculty of Medicine (S.F.), The University of New South Wales, Sydney and St Vincent's Health Australia, Sydney; Statewide Stroke Clinical Network (R.G.), Queensland Health, Brisbane; Sunshine Coast Clinical School (R.G), The University of Queensland, Birtinya; Toowoomba Hospital (N.G.), Toowoomba; Redcliffe Hospital (R.G.), Brisbane; and Bendigo Health (S.E.), Bendigo, Australia
| | - Richard Geraghty
- From Stroke & Ageing Research (N.E.A., J.K., A.G.T., M.F.K., R.G., D.A.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton; Department of Medicine (N.E.A), Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Frankston; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (J.K., M.F.K., G.A.D., D.A.C.), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; School of Allied Health (Occupational Therapy) (N.A.L.), La Trobe University, Bundoora; Occupational Therapy Department (N.A.L.), Alfred Health, Melbourne; Faculty of Medicine (C.S.A.), The University of New South Wales, Sydney; Stroke Foundation (K.H.), Melbourne; Nursing Research Institute (S.M.), St Vincent's Health Australia, Sydney and Australian Catholic University, Sydney; University of New South Wales and the Partnership for Health Education, Research and Enterprise (SPHERE) (C.L.), Sydney; Faculty of Medicine (S.F.), The University of New South Wales, Sydney and St Vincent's Health Australia, Sydney; Statewide Stroke Clinical Network (R.G.), Queensland Health, Brisbane; Sunshine Coast Clinical School (R.G), The University of Queensland, Birtinya; Toowoomba Hospital (N.G.), Toowoomba; Redcliffe Hospital (R.G.), Brisbane; and Bendigo Health (S.E.), Bendigo, Australia
| | - Sharan Ermel
- From Stroke & Ageing Research (N.E.A., J.K., A.G.T., M.F.K., R.G., D.A.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton; Department of Medicine (N.E.A), Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Frankston; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (J.K., M.F.K., G.A.D., D.A.C.), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; School of Allied Health (Occupational Therapy) (N.A.L.), La Trobe University, Bundoora; Occupational Therapy Department (N.A.L.), Alfred Health, Melbourne; Faculty of Medicine (C.S.A.), The University of New South Wales, Sydney; Stroke Foundation (K.H.), Melbourne; Nursing Research Institute (S.M.), St Vincent's Health Australia, Sydney and Australian Catholic University, Sydney; University of New South Wales and the Partnership for Health Education, Research and Enterprise (SPHERE) (C.L.), Sydney; Faculty of Medicine (S.F.), The University of New South Wales, Sydney and St Vincent's Health Australia, Sydney; Statewide Stroke Clinical Network (R.G.), Queensland Health, Brisbane; Sunshine Coast Clinical School (R.G), The University of Queensland, Birtinya; Toowoomba Hospital (N.G.), Toowoomba; Redcliffe Hospital (R.G.), Brisbane; and Bendigo Health (S.E.), Bendigo, Australia
| | - Dominique A Cadilhac
- From Stroke & Ageing Research (N.E.A., J.K., A.G.T., M.F.K., R.G., D.A.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton; Department of Medicine (N.E.A), Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Frankston; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (J.K., M.F.K., G.A.D., D.A.C.), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; School of Allied Health (Occupational Therapy) (N.A.L.), La Trobe University, Bundoora; Occupational Therapy Department (N.A.L.), Alfred Health, Melbourne; Faculty of Medicine (C.S.A.), The University of New South Wales, Sydney; Stroke Foundation (K.H.), Melbourne; Nursing Research Institute (S.M.), St Vincent's Health Australia, Sydney and Australian Catholic University, Sydney; University of New South Wales and the Partnership for Health Education, Research and Enterprise (SPHERE) (C.L.), Sydney; Faculty of Medicine (S.F.), The University of New South Wales, Sydney and St Vincent's Health Australia, Sydney; Statewide Stroke Clinical Network (R.G.), Queensland Health, Brisbane; Sunshine Coast Clinical School (R.G), The University of Queensland, Birtinya; Toowoomba Hospital (N.G.), Toowoomba; Redcliffe Hospital (R.G.), Brisbane; and Bendigo Health (S.E.), Bendigo, Australia.
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60
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Ferreira JP, Duarte K, Pfeffer MA, McMurray JJV, Pitt B, Dickstein K, Zannad F, Rossignol P. Association between mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure throughout the follow-up and cardiovascular events in acute myocardial infarction patients with systolic dysfunction and/or heart failure: an analysis from the High-Risk Myocardial Infarction Database Initiative. Eur J Heart Fail 2018; 20:323-331. [PMID: 29314455 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational data have described the association of blood pressure (BP) with mortality as 'J-shaped', meaning that mortality rates increase below a certain BP threshold. We aimed to analyse the associations between BP and prognosis in a population of acute myocardial infarction (MI) patients with heart failure (HF) and/or systolic dysfunction. METHODS AND RESULTS The datasets included in this pooling initiative are derived from four trials: CAPRICORN, EPHESUS, OPTIMAAL, and VALIANT. A total of 28 771 patients were included in this analysis. Arithmetic means of all office BP values measured throughout follow-up were used. The primary outcome was cardiovascular death. The mean age was 65 ± 11.5 years and 30% were female. Patients in the lower systolic BP (SBP) quintiles had higher rates of cardiovascular death (reference: SBP 121-128 mmHg) [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 2.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.26-2.74 for SBP ≤112 mmHg, and HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.16-1.43 for SBP 113-120 mmHg]. The findings for HF hospitalization and MI were similar. However, stroke rates were higher in patients within the highest SBP quintile (reference: SBP 121-128 mmHg) (HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.11-1.72). Patients who died had a much shorter follow-up (0.7 vs. 2.1 years), less BP measurements (4.6 vs. 9.8) and lower mean BP (-8 mmHg in the last SBP measurement compared with patients who remained alive during the follow-up), suggesting that the associations of low BP and increased cardiovascular death represent a reverse causality phenomenon. CONCLUSION Systolic BP values <125 mmHg were associated with increased cardiovascular death, but these findings likely represent a reverse causality phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Ferreira
- INSERM, Centre, d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, INSERM U1116, Université de Lorraine, CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy, France.,Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research and Development Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Kevin Duarte
- Université de Lorraine, Institut Elie Cartan de Lorraine, UMR 7502, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,CNRS, Institut Elie Cartan de Lorraine, UMR 7502, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Team BIGS, INRIA, Villers-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Marc A Pfeffer
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John J V McMurray
- BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Bertram Pitt
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kenneth Dickstein
- Department of Cardiology, University of Bergan, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Faiez Zannad
- INSERM, Centre, d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, INSERM U1116, Université de Lorraine, CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy, France
| | - Patrick Rossignol
- INSERM, Centre, d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, INSERM U1116, Université de Lorraine, CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy, France
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61
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Lee KJ, Kim BJ, Han MK, Kim JT, Cho KH, Shin DI, Yeo MJ, Cha JK, Kim DH, Nah HW, Kim DE, Ryu WS, Park JM, Kang K, Lee SJ, Oh MS, Yu KH, Lee BC, Hong KS, Cho YJ, Choi JC, Sohn SI, Hong JH, Park TH, Park SS, Kwon JH, Kim WJ, Lee J, Lee JS, Lee J, Gorelick PB, Bae HJ. Predictive Value of Pulse Pressure in Acute Ischemic Stroke for Future Major Vascular Events. Stroke 2018; 49:46-53. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.117.019582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
This study aimed to investigate whether pulse pressure (PP) obtained during the acute stage of ischemic stroke can be used as a predictor for future major vascular events.
Methods—
Using a multicenter prospective stroke registry database, patients who were hospitalized for ischemic stroke within 48 hours of onset were enrolled in this study. We analyzed blood pressure (BP) data measured during the first 3 days from onset. Primary and secondary outcomes were time to a composite of stroke recurrence, myocardial infarction, all-cause death, and time to stroke recurrence, respectively.
Results—
Of 9840 patients, 4.3% experienced stroke recurrence, 0.2% myocardial infarction, and 7.3% death during a 1-year follow-up period. In Cox proportional hazards models including both linear and quadratic terms of PP, PP had a nonlinear J-shaped relationship with primary (for a quadratic term of PP,
P
=0.004) and secondary (
P
<0.001) outcomes. The overall effects of PP and other BP parameters on primary and secondary outcomes were also significant (
P
<0.05). When predictive power of BP parameters was compared using a statistic of −2 log-likelihood differences, PP was a stronger predictor than systolic BP (8.49 versus 5.91; 6.32 versus 4.56), diastolic BP (11.42 versus 11.05; 10.07 versus 4.56), and mean atrial pressure (8.75 versus 5.91; 7.03 versus 4.56) for the primary and secondary outcomes, respectively.
Conclusions—
Our study shows that PP when measured in the acute period of ischemic stroke has nonlinear J-shaped relationships with major vascular events and stroke recurrence, and may have a stronger predictive power than other commonly used BP parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keon-Joo Lee
- From the Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (K.-J.L., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K., H.-W.N.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (D.-E
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- From the Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (K.-J.L., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K., H.-W.N.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (D.-E
| | - Moon-Ku Han
- From the Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (K.-J.L., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K., H.-W.N.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (D.-E
| | - Joon-Tae Kim
- From the Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (K.-J.L., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K., H.-W.N.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (D.-E
| | - Ki-Hyun Cho
- From the Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (K.-J.L., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K., H.-W.N.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (D.-E
| | - Dong-Ick Shin
- From the Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (K.-J.L., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K., H.-W.N.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (D.-E
| | - Min-Ju Yeo
- From the Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (K.-J.L., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K., H.-W.N.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (D.-E
| | - Jae-Kwan Cha
- From the Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (K.-J.L., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K., H.-W.N.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (D.-E
| | - Dae-Hyun Kim
- From the Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (K.-J.L., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K., H.-W.N.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (D.-E
| | - Hyun-Wook Nah
- From the Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (K.-J.L., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K., H.-W.N.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (D.-E
| | - Dong-Eog Kim
- From the Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (K.-J.L., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K., H.-W.N.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (D.-E
| | - Wi-Sun Ryu
- From the Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (K.-J.L., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K., H.-W.N.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (D.-E
| | - Jong-Moo Park
- From the Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (K.-J.L., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K., H.-W.N.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (D.-E
| | - Kyusik Kang
- From the Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (K.-J.L., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K., H.-W.N.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (D.-E
| | - Soo Joo Lee
- From the Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (K.-J.L., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K., H.-W.N.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (D.-E
| | - Mi-Sun Oh
- From the Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (K.-J.L., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K., H.-W.N.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (D.-E
| | - Kyung-Ho Yu
- From the Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (K.-J.L., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K., H.-W.N.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (D.-E
| | - Byung-Chul Lee
- From the Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (K.-J.L., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K., H.-W.N.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (D.-E
| | - Keun-Sik Hong
- From the Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (K.-J.L., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K., H.-W.N.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (D.-E
| | - Yong-Jin Cho
- From the Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (K.-J.L., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K., H.-W.N.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (D.-E
| | - Jay Chol Choi
- From the Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (K.-J.L., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K., H.-W.N.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (D.-E
| | - Sung Il Sohn
- From the Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (K.-J.L., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K., H.-W.N.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (D.-E
| | - Jeong-Ho Hong
- From the Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (K.-J.L., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K., H.-W.N.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (D.-E
| | - Tai Hwan Park
- From the Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (K.-J.L., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K., H.-W.N.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (D.-E
| | - Sang-Soon Park
- From the Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (K.-J.L., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K., H.-W.N.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (D.-E
| | - Jee-Hyun Kwon
- From the Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (K.-J.L., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K., H.-W.N.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (D.-E
| | - Wook-Joo Kim
- From the Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (K.-J.L., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K., H.-W.N.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (D.-E
| | - Jun Lee
- From the Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (K.-J.L., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K., H.-W.N.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (D.-E
| | - Ji Sung Lee
- From the Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (K.-J.L., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K., H.-W.N.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (D.-E
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- From the Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (K.-J.L., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K., H.-W.N.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (D.-E
| | - Philip B. Gorelick
- From the Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (K.-J.L., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K., H.-W.N.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (D.-E
| | - Hee-Joon Bae
- From the Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (K.-J.L., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K., H.-W.N.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (D.-E
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Cheng EM, Cunningham WE, Towfighi A, Sanossian N, Bryg RJ, Anderson TL, Barry F, Douglas SM, Hudson L, Ayala-Rivera M, Guterman JJ, Gross-Schulman S, Beanes S, Jones AS, Liu H, Vickrey BG. Efficacy of a Chronic Care-Based Intervention on Secondary Stroke Prevention Among Vulnerable Stroke Survivors: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2018; 11:e003228. [PMID: 29321134 PMCID: PMC5769158 DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.116.003228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disparities of care among stroke survivors are well documented. Effective interventions to improve recurrent stroke preventative care in vulnerable populations are lacking. METHODS AND RESULTS In a randomized controlled trial, we tested the efficacy of components of a chronic care model-based intervention versus usual care among 404 subjects having an ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack within 90 days of enrollment and receiving care within the Los Angeles public healthcare system. Subjects had baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥120 mm Hg. The intervention included a nurse practitioner/physician assistant care manager, group clinics, self-management support, report cards, decision support, and ongoing care coordination. Outcomes were collected at 3, 8, and 12 months, analyzed as intention-to-treat, and used repeated-measures mixed-effects models. Change in SBP was the primary outcome. Low-density lipoprotein reduction, antithrombotic medication use, smoking cessation, and physical activity were secondary outcomes. Average age was 57 years; 18% were of black race; 69% were of Hispanic ethnicity. Mean baseline SBP was 150 mm Hg in both arms. SBP decreased to 17 mm Hg in the intervention arm and 14 mm Hg in the usual care arm; the between-arm difference was not significant (-3.6 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval, -9.2 to 2.2). Among secondary outcomes, the only significant difference was that persons in the intervention arm were more likely to lower their low-density lipoprotein <100 md/dL (2.0 odds ratio; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-3.5). CONCLUSIONS This intervention did not improve SBP control beyond that attained in usual care among vulnerable stroke survivors. A community-centered component could strengthen the intervention impact. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00861081.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Cheng
- From the Department of Neurology (E.M.C., F.B., S.M.D., L.H., M.A.-R., B.G.V.) and Department of Medicine (W.E.C., H.L.), UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Department of Neurology, Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA (A.T.); Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles (N.S.); Department of Medicine, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar (R.J.B.); Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (T.L.A.); Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, Sylmar, CA (J.J.G., S.G.-S.); American Heart Association, Los Angeles, CA (S.B.); Healthy African American Families Phase II, Los Angeles, CA (A.S.J.); UCLA School of Dentistry (H.L.); and Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (B.G.V.).
| | - William E Cunningham
- From the Department of Neurology (E.M.C., F.B., S.M.D., L.H., M.A.-R., B.G.V.) and Department of Medicine (W.E.C., H.L.), UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Department of Neurology, Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA (A.T.); Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles (N.S.); Department of Medicine, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar (R.J.B.); Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (T.L.A.); Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, Sylmar, CA (J.J.G., S.G.-S.); American Heart Association, Los Angeles, CA (S.B.); Healthy African American Families Phase II, Los Angeles, CA (A.S.J.); UCLA School of Dentistry (H.L.); and Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (B.G.V.)
| | - Amytis Towfighi
- From the Department of Neurology (E.M.C., F.B., S.M.D., L.H., M.A.-R., B.G.V.) and Department of Medicine (W.E.C., H.L.), UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Department of Neurology, Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA (A.T.); Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles (N.S.); Department of Medicine, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar (R.J.B.); Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (T.L.A.); Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, Sylmar, CA (J.J.G., S.G.-S.); American Heart Association, Los Angeles, CA (S.B.); Healthy African American Families Phase II, Los Angeles, CA (A.S.J.); UCLA School of Dentistry (H.L.); and Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (B.G.V.)
| | - Nerses Sanossian
- From the Department of Neurology (E.M.C., F.B., S.M.D., L.H., M.A.-R., B.G.V.) and Department of Medicine (W.E.C., H.L.), UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Department of Neurology, Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA (A.T.); Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles (N.S.); Department of Medicine, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar (R.J.B.); Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (T.L.A.); Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, Sylmar, CA (J.J.G., S.G.-S.); American Heart Association, Los Angeles, CA (S.B.); Healthy African American Families Phase II, Los Angeles, CA (A.S.J.); UCLA School of Dentistry (H.L.); and Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (B.G.V.)
| | - Robert J Bryg
- From the Department of Neurology (E.M.C., F.B., S.M.D., L.H., M.A.-R., B.G.V.) and Department of Medicine (W.E.C., H.L.), UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Department of Neurology, Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA (A.T.); Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles (N.S.); Department of Medicine, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar (R.J.B.); Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (T.L.A.); Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, Sylmar, CA (J.J.G., S.G.-S.); American Heart Association, Los Angeles, CA (S.B.); Healthy African American Families Phase II, Los Angeles, CA (A.S.J.); UCLA School of Dentistry (H.L.); and Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (B.G.V.)
| | - Thomas L Anderson
- From the Department of Neurology (E.M.C., F.B., S.M.D., L.H., M.A.-R., B.G.V.) and Department of Medicine (W.E.C., H.L.), UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Department of Neurology, Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA (A.T.); Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles (N.S.); Department of Medicine, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar (R.J.B.); Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (T.L.A.); Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, Sylmar, CA (J.J.G., S.G.-S.); American Heart Association, Los Angeles, CA (S.B.); Healthy African American Families Phase II, Los Angeles, CA (A.S.J.); UCLA School of Dentistry (H.L.); and Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (B.G.V.)
| | - Frances Barry
- From the Department of Neurology (E.M.C., F.B., S.M.D., L.H., M.A.-R., B.G.V.) and Department of Medicine (W.E.C., H.L.), UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Department of Neurology, Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA (A.T.); Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles (N.S.); Department of Medicine, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar (R.J.B.); Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (T.L.A.); Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, Sylmar, CA (J.J.G., S.G.-S.); American Heart Association, Los Angeles, CA (S.B.); Healthy African American Families Phase II, Los Angeles, CA (A.S.J.); UCLA School of Dentistry (H.L.); and Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (B.G.V.)
| | - Susan M Douglas
- From the Department of Neurology (E.M.C., F.B., S.M.D., L.H., M.A.-R., B.G.V.) and Department of Medicine (W.E.C., H.L.), UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Department of Neurology, Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA (A.T.); Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles (N.S.); Department of Medicine, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar (R.J.B.); Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (T.L.A.); Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, Sylmar, CA (J.J.G., S.G.-S.); American Heart Association, Los Angeles, CA (S.B.); Healthy African American Families Phase II, Los Angeles, CA (A.S.J.); UCLA School of Dentistry (H.L.); and Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (B.G.V.)
| | - Lillie Hudson
- From the Department of Neurology (E.M.C., F.B., S.M.D., L.H., M.A.-R., B.G.V.) and Department of Medicine (W.E.C., H.L.), UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Department of Neurology, Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA (A.T.); Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles (N.S.); Department of Medicine, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar (R.J.B.); Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (T.L.A.); Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, Sylmar, CA (J.J.G., S.G.-S.); American Heart Association, Los Angeles, CA (S.B.); Healthy African American Families Phase II, Los Angeles, CA (A.S.J.); UCLA School of Dentistry (H.L.); and Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (B.G.V.)
| | - Monica Ayala-Rivera
- From the Department of Neurology (E.M.C., F.B., S.M.D., L.H., M.A.-R., B.G.V.) and Department of Medicine (W.E.C., H.L.), UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Department of Neurology, Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA (A.T.); Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles (N.S.); Department of Medicine, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar (R.J.B.); Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (T.L.A.); Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, Sylmar, CA (J.J.G., S.G.-S.); American Heart Association, Los Angeles, CA (S.B.); Healthy African American Families Phase II, Los Angeles, CA (A.S.J.); UCLA School of Dentistry (H.L.); and Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (B.G.V.)
| | - Jeffrey J Guterman
- From the Department of Neurology (E.M.C., F.B., S.M.D., L.H., M.A.-R., B.G.V.) and Department of Medicine (W.E.C., H.L.), UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Department of Neurology, Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA (A.T.); Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles (N.S.); Department of Medicine, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar (R.J.B.); Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (T.L.A.); Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, Sylmar, CA (J.J.G., S.G.-S.); American Heart Association, Los Angeles, CA (S.B.); Healthy African American Families Phase II, Los Angeles, CA (A.S.J.); UCLA School of Dentistry (H.L.); and Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (B.G.V.)
| | - Sandra Gross-Schulman
- From the Department of Neurology (E.M.C., F.B., S.M.D., L.H., M.A.-R., B.G.V.) and Department of Medicine (W.E.C., H.L.), UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Department of Neurology, Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA (A.T.); Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles (N.S.); Department of Medicine, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar (R.J.B.); Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (T.L.A.); Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, Sylmar, CA (J.J.G., S.G.-S.); American Heart Association, Los Angeles, CA (S.B.); Healthy African American Families Phase II, Los Angeles, CA (A.S.J.); UCLA School of Dentistry (H.L.); and Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (B.G.V.)
| | - Sylvia Beanes
- From the Department of Neurology (E.M.C., F.B., S.M.D., L.H., M.A.-R., B.G.V.) and Department of Medicine (W.E.C., H.L.), UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Department of Neurology, Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA (A.T.); Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles (N.S.); Department of Medicine, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar (R.J.B.); Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (T.L.A.); Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, Sylmar, CA (J.J.G., S.G.-S.); American Heart Association, Los Angeles, CA (S.B.); Healthy African American Families Phase II, Los Angeles, CA (A.S.J.); UCLA School of Dentistry (H.L.); and Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (B.G.V.)
| | - Andrea S Jones
- From the Department of Neurology (E.M.C., F.B., S.M.D., L.H., M.A.-R., B.G.V.) and Department of Medicine (W.E.C., H.L.), UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Department of Neurology, Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA (A.T.); Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles (N.S.); Department of Medicine, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar (R.J.B.); Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (T.L.A.); Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, Sylmar, CA (J.J.G., S.G.-S.); American Heart Association, Los Angeles, CA (S.B.); Healthy African American Families Phase II, Los Angeles, CA (A.S.J.); UCLA School of Dentistry (H.L.); and Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (B.G.V.)
| | - Honghu Liu
- From the Department of Neurology (E.M.C., F.B., S.M.D., L.H., M.A.-R., B.G.V.) and Department of Medicine (W.E.C., H.L.), UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Department of Neurology, Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA (A.T.); Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles (N.S.); Department of Medicine, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar (R.J.B.); Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (T.L.A.); Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, Sylmar, CA (J.J.G., S.G.-S.); American Heart Association, Los Angeles, CA (S.B.); Healthy African American Families Phase II, Los Angeles, CA (A.S.J.); UCLA School of Dentistry (H.L.); and Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (B.G.V.)
| | - Barbara G Vickrey
- From the Department of Neurology (E.M.C., F.B., S.M.D., L.H., M.A.-R., B.G.V.) and Department of Medicine (W.E.C., H.L.), UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Department of Neurology, Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA (A.T.); Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles (N.S.); Department of Medicine, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar (R.J.B.); Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (T.L.A.); Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, Sylmar, CA (J.J.G., S.G.-S.); American Heart Association, Los Angeles, CA (S.B.); Healthy African American Families Phase II, Los Angeles, CA (A.S.J.); UCLA School of Dentistry (H.L.); and Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (B.G.V.)
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Lee CJ, Hwang J, Oh J, Lee SH, Kang SM, Kim HC, Park S. Relation Between Blood Pressure and Clinical Outcome in Hypertensive Subjects With Previous Stroke. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.117.007102. [PMID: 29212651 PMCID: PMC5779023 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.007102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background This study investigated whether a mean blood pressure (BP) of <130/80 mm Hg is associated with further reduction in cardiovascular outcomes in treated hypertensive subjects with previous stroke. Methods and Results Subjects from the Korea National Health Insurance Service health examinee cohort diagnosed as having stroke and hypertension from January 1st, 2003 and December 31st, 2006 (N=2320) were grouped according to mean systolic (<130, 130–<140, and ≥140 mm Hg) and diastolic (<80, 80–<90, and ≥90 mm Hg) BP recorded during follow‐up health examinations. All‐cause and cardiovascular mortality over 11 years were compared. Compared with subjects with a systolic BP of ≥140 mm Hg (N=736), subjects with a systolic BP of 130 to <140 mm Hg (N=793) had a significantly lower risk of all‐cause death (hazard ratio [HR], 0.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.47–0.79; P<0.001), cardiovascular mortality (HR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.25–0.61; P<0.001), and fatal ischemic stroke (HR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.10–0.63; P=0.003). Systolic BP of <130 mm Hg (N=791) was associated with lower risk of nonfatal hemorrhagic stroke. Subjects with a diastolic BP of 80 to <90 mm Hg (N=1100) had significantly lower risk of all‐cause death (HR, 0.60, 95% CI, 0.45–0.80; P<0.001) and cardiovascular mortality (HR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.30–0.70; P<0.001) than those with a diastolic BP of ≥90 mm Hg (N=342). Diastolic BP of <80 mm Hg (N=878) was associated with reduced risk of nonfatal hemorrhagic stroke and further lowering of all‐cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality. Conclusions BP of <130/80 mm Hg was associated with improved outcomes in hypertensive subjects with previous stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Joo Lee
- Department of Health Promotion, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinseub Hwang
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Jaewon Oh
- Cardiology Division, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Hak Lee
- Cardiology Division, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok-Min Kang
- Cardiology Division, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Chang Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungha Park
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk, Korea
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Selvaraj S, Claggett B, Shah SJ, Anand I, Rouleau JL, Desai AS, Lewis EF, Pitt B, Sweitzer NK, Pfeffer MA, Solomon SD. Systolic blood pressure and cardiovascular outcomes in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: an analysis of the TOPCAT trial. Eur J Heart Fail 2017; 20:483-490. [PMID: 29148144 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Recent guidelines have advocated for stricter systolic blood pressure (SBP) control in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), though data regarding the optimal SBP in HFpEF are sparse. METHODS AND RESULTS We analysed participants from the Americas from the Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure with an Aldosterone Antagonist (TOPCAT) study with available baseline and 8-week visit SBP data (n = 1645). We related baseline SBP to several efficacy and safety outcomes. To determine whether blood pressure lowering was responsible for the potential beneficial effects of spironolactone observed in the Americas, we assessed the randomized treatment adjusting for baseline and change in 8-week SBP. The average age was 71.7 ± 9.7 years, 50% were women, and 79% were White. Patients in the lowest baseline SBP quartile were less often female, more often White, had lower body mass index, lower baseline diastolic blood pressure and pulse pressure, and more often had atrial fibrillation. After multivariable adjustment, there was no relationship observed between baseline SBP quartiles and any outcome. Spironolactone reduced SBP by 4.4 ± 0.6 mmHg compared with placebo (and consistently across baseline SBP quartiles). There was minimal change in the treatment effect for all outcomes after adjusting for baseline SBP and 8-week change in SBP. CONCLUSION No relationship was observed between baseline SBP quartiles and outcomes in TOPCAT. The anti-hypertensive effects of spironolactone did not account for the potential benefit in cardiovascular outcomes in the Americas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthil Selvaraj
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian Claggett
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sanjiv J Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Inder Anand
- VA Medical Center and University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jean L Rouleau
- Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Akshay S Desai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eldrin F Lewis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Nancy K Sweitzer
- Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, USA
| | - Marc A Pfeffer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott D Solomon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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65
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Park JH, Ovbiagele B, Hong KS, Kwon SU. Association of Systolic Blood Pressure with Progression of Symptomatic Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis. J Stroke 2017; 19:304-311. [PMID: 29037004 PMCID: PMC5647639 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2017.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Elevated blood pressure (BP) is associated with greater severity of intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) and increased risk of ischemic stroke. Because little is known about the relationship of maintained BP level with progression of symptomatic ICAS (sICAS), we evaluated the independent association of maintained systolic BP (SBP) with risk of sICAS progression. Methods We analyzed the Trial of cilOstazol in Symptomatic intracranial Stenosis 2, which evaluated 402 stroke patients with sICAS (mean age, 64.5±11.3 years; male, 52.2%). Study participants were categorized into four groups according to mean SBP level: low-normal (<120 mm Hg), normal to high-normal (120 to 139 mm Hg), high (140 to 159 mm Hg), and very-high (≥160 mm Hg). Progression of sICAS was defined as worsening in the degree of stenosis by ≥1 grade on the 7-month magnetic resonance angiography follow-up. Results sICAS progression was observed in 52 (12.9%) subjects. Percentages of sICAS progression by mean SBP category showed a J-shape pattern: low-normal (21.4%), normal to high-normal (10.7%), high (11.4%), and very-high (38.9%). In multivariable analysis, compared to the normal to high-normal SBP group, odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were low-normal, 1.88 (0.62–5.67); high, 1.06 (0.47–2.37); and very-high, 8.75 (2.57–29.86). Rate of sICAS progression by 10-mm Hg strata showed a similar pattern to findings from mean SBP category (9.47; 2.58–34.73 for SBP ≥160 mm Hg). Conclusions Among individuals with a recent ICAS stroke, very-high SBP level during the short-term period after the index stroke was associated with significantly greater odds of sICAS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Ho Park
- Department of Neurology, Seonam University Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Bruce Ovbiagele
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Keun-Sik Hong
- Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sun U Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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66
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[Blood pressure target in 2017]. JOURNAL DE MÉDECINE VASCULAIRE 2017; 42:367-374. [PMID: 29203043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdmv.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The issue of how far blood pressure (BP) should be lowered under antihypertensive treatment is still an important matter of scientific debate. The aim of the present review is to consider the clinical relevance of individualized BP goal under treatment in hypertensive patients according to their age, comorbidities or established cardio-vascular (CV) disease. DATA FROM THE LITERATURE The French and European recommendations propose a systolic BP target between 130 and 139mmHg (<150mmHg after 80 years) and diastolic BP target <90mmHg in hypertensive patients whatever their level of risk. The results of the recent SPRINT study suggest that a more ambitious systolic BP target, <120mmHg, significantly reduces CV morbidity and mortality, but with an increased iatrogenic risk. Several questions in everyday practice have to be considered. An important issue concerns BP measurement methods in this clinical trial (Dinamap) versus in routine clinical practice and the implications on BP treatment targets. In addition, close monitoring of participants in clinical trials and active orthostatic hypotension research limit the incidence of adverse events related to intensive treatement. Finally, in the presence of an established CV disease, an intensive therapeutic approach could be associated with a J-curve relationship between BP level and CV events. CONCLUSION An early and strict BP control in young or middle-aged hypertensive patients in primary prevention should be a priority. In this hypertensive population with low to moderate CV risk, without established CV or renal diseases, more stringent than recommended BP-lowering treatment could potentially prevent hypertensive arterial damage and thus correct the increased residual CV risk later in life. The tolerance of an intensive therapeutic approach should remain a concern in elderly patients and in patients with established CV disease.
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67
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Park JH, Ovbiagele B. Post-stroke diastolic blood pressure and risk of recurrent vascular events. Eur J Neurol 2017; 24:1416-1423. [PMID: 28940906 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Recent clinical trials and expert consensus guidelines have typically focused on the issue of systolic blood pressure (SBP) targets for reducing vascular risk. However, little is known about the relationship of the diastolic BP (DBP) level with vascular outcomes after a stroke. METHODS A multicenter trial dataset involving 3680 recent (<4 months) non-cardioembolic stroke patients followed for 2 years was analyzed. Subjects were categorized per mean DBP level (mmHg) during follow-up: low-normal (<70), normal (70 to <80), high-normal (80-89) and high (≥90). Pulse pressure (PP) was prespecified by three categories of <60, 60 to <70, and ≥70 mmHg. Independent associations of mean DBP level with major vascular events (MVEs) and ischaemic stroke were assessed. RESULTS Major vascular events occurred in 20.7% of the low-normal, 15.1% of the normal, 16.9% of the high-normal and 19.2% of the high DBP groups, whilst stroke occurred in 9.9%, 6.8%, 8.5% and 10.8%, respectively. Compared with the normal DBP group, risk of MVEs was higher in the low-normal DBP group (adjusted hazard ratio 1.33; 95% confidence interval 1.04-1.71). Amongst those with SBP 120 to <140 mmHg, risk of MVEs (1.89; 1.13-3.15) and stroke (2.87; 1.48-5.53) was higher in subjects with PP ≥70 (mean DBP 62.4 ± 3.8) than those with the lowest PP (mean DBP 78.0 ± 5.9) whilst, amongst those with SBP <120 mmHg, PP 60 to <70 (mean DBP 52.7 ± 2.5) was associated with increased risk of stroke (5.85; 1.25-27.5). CONCLUSION Diastolic BP levels in the low-normal range, particularly accompanied by an increased PP of >60, confer increased risk of MVEs and stroke amongst patients after recent non-cardioembolic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-H Park
- Department of Neurology, Seonam University Myongji Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - B Ovbiagele
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Leung LY, Bartz TM, Rice K, Floyd J, Psaty B, Gutierrez J, Longstreth WT, Mukamal KJ. Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Measures Associated With Increased Risk of Covert Brain Infarction and Worsening Leukoaraiosis in Older Adults. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:1579-1586. [PMID: 28663254 PMCID: PMC5551454 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In people without previous stroke, covert findings on serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of incident brain infarcts and worsening leukoaraiosis are associated with increased risk for ischemic stroke and dementia. We evaluated whether various measures of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate are associated with these MRI findings. APPROACH AND RESULTS In the CHS (Cardiovascular Health Study), a longitudinal cohort study of older adults, we used relative risk regression to assess the associations of mean, variability, and trend in systolic BP, diastolic BP, and heart rate measured at 4 annual clinic visits between 2 brain MRIs with incident covert brain infarction and worsening white matter grade (using a 10-point scale to characterize leukoaraiosis). We included participants who had both brain MRIs, no stroke before the follow-up MRI, and no change in antihypertensive medication status during follow-up. Among 878 eligible participants, incident covert brain infarction occurred in 15% and worsening white matter grade in 27%. Mean systolic BP was associated with increased risk for incident covert brain infarction (relative risk per 10 mm Hg, 1.28; 95% confidence interval, 1.12-1.47), and mean diastolic BP was associated with increased risk for worsening white matter grade (relative risk per 10 mm Hg, 1.45; 95% confidence interval, 1.24-1.69). These findings persisted in secondary and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS Elevated mean systolic BP is associated with increased risk for covert brain infarction, and elevated mean diastolic BP is associated with increased risk for worsening leukoaraiosis. These findings reinforce the importance of hypertension in the development of silent cerebrovascular diseases, but the pathophysiologic relationships to BP for each may differ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lester Y Leung
- From the Division of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Department of Neurology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (L.Y.L.); Department of Biostatistics (T.M.B., K.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (J.F.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.P.), and Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), University of Washington, Seattle; Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (B.P.); Division of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, NY (J.G.); and Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (K.J.M.).
| | - Traci M Bartz
- From the Division of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Department of Neurology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (L.Y.L.); Department of Biostatistics (T.M.B., K.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (J.F.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.P.), and Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), University of Washington, Seattle; Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (B.P.); Division of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, NY (J.G.); and Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (K.J.M.)
| | - Kenneth Rice
- From the Division of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Department of Neurology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (L.Y.L.); Department of Biostatistics (T.M.B., K.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (J.F.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.P.), and Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), University of Washington, Seattle; Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (B.P.); Division of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, NY (J.G.); and Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (K.J.M.)
| | - James Floyd
- From the Division of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Department of Neurology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (L.Y.L.); Department of Biostatistics (T.M.B., K.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (J.F.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.P.), and Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), University of Washington, Seattle; Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (B.P.); Division of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, NY (J.G.); and Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (K.J.M.)
| | - Bruce Psaty
- From the Division of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Department of Neurology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (L.Y.L.); Department of Biostatistics (T.M.B., K.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (J.F.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.P.), and Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), University of Washington, Seattle; Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (B.P.); Division of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, NY (J.G.); and Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (K.J.M.)
| | - Jose Gutierrez
- From the Division of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Department of Neurology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (L.Y.L.); Department of Biostatistics (T.M.B., K.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (J.F.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.P.), and Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), University of Washington, Seattle; Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (B.P.); Division of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, NY (J.G.); and Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (K.J.M.)
| | - W T Longstreth
- From the Division of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Department of Neurology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (L.Y.L.); Department of Biostatistics (T.M.B., K.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (J.F.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.P.), and Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), University of Washington, Seattle; Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (B.P.); Division of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, NY (J.G.); and Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (K.J.M.)
| | - Kenneth J Mukamal
- From the Division of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Department of Neurology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (L.Y.L.); Department of Biostatistics (T.M.B., K.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (J.F.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.P.), and Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), University of Washington, Seattle; Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (B.P.); Division of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, NY (J.G.); and Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (K.J.M.)
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Hong KS. Blood Pressure Management for Stroke Prevention and in Acute Stroke. J Stroke 2017; 19:152-165. [PMID: 28592775 PMCID: PMC5466289 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2017.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated blood pressure (BP) is the leading modifiable risk factor for stroke and the benefit of BP lowering therapy on the stroke risk reduction is well established. The optimal BP target for preventing stroke and other vascular events have been controversial, but the evidences from epidemiological studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) support intensive BP lowering for greater vascular protection, particularly for stroke prevention. For secondary stroke prevention, the evidence of intensive BP lowering benefit is limited since only a single RCT for patients with lacunar infarctions was conducted and most data were driven by exploratory analyses. In acute intracerebral hemorrhage, immediate BP lowering targeting systolic BP<140 mm Hg is recommended by guidelines based on the results from RCTs. In contrast, in acute ischemic stroke, early BP lowering is not usually recommended because of no benefit on functional outcome and future vascular events and potential harm of stroke progression. This review aims to summarize the updated evidence for optimal BP management for primary and secondary stroke prevention and in patients with acute stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun-Sik Hong
- Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Korea
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70
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Wakayama K, Shimamura M, Suzuki JI, Watanabe R, Koriyama H, Akazawa H, Nakagami H, Mochizuki H, Isobe M, Morishita R. Angiotensin II Peptide Vaccine Protects Ischemic Brain Through Reducing Oxidative Stress. Stroke 2017; 48:1362-1368. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.116.016269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
Medication nonadherence is one of major risk factors for the poor outcome in ischemic stroke. Vaccination is expected to solve such a problem because of its long-lasting effects, but its effect on ischemic brain damage is still unknown. Here, we focused on vaccination for renin–angiotensin system and examined the effects of angiotensin II (Ang II) peptide vaccine in permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion model in rats.
Methods—
Male Wistar rats were exposed to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion after 3× injections of Ang II peptide vaccine, and the serum or brain level of anti–Ang II antibody was examined. The effects of the vaccine were evaluated by differences in infarction volume, brain renin–angiotensin system components, and markers for neurodegeneration and oxidative stress.
Results—
Ang II vaccination successfully produced anti–Ang II antibodies in serum without concomitant change in blood pressure. Sufficient production of serum anti–Ang II antibody led to reduction of infarct volume and induced the penetration of anti–Ang II antibody in ischemic hemisphere, with suppressed expression of Ang II type 1 receptor mRNA. Vaccinated rats with sufficient antibody production showed the reduction of Fluoro-Jade B–positive cells, spectrin fragmentation, 4-hydroxynonenal-positive cells, and
Nox 2
mRNA expression.
Conclusions—
Our findings indicate that Ang II vaccination exerts neuroprotective and antioxidative effects in cerebral ischemia, with renin–angiotensin system blockade by penetration of anti–Ang II antibodies into ischemic brain lesion. Ang II peptide vaccination could be a promising approach to treat ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouji Wakayama
- From the Department of Advanced Clinical Science and Therapeutics (K.W., J.-i.S.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (H.A.), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.S., H.M.), Department of Health Development and Medicine (M.S., H.K., H.N.), and Department of Clinical Gene Therapy (R.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan; and Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity (R.W.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine
| | - Munehisa Shimamura
- From the Department of Advanced Clinical Science and Therapeutics (K.W., J.-i.S.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (H.A.), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.S., H.M.), Department of Health Development and Medicine (M.S., H.K., H.N.), and Department of Clinical Gene Therapy (R.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan; and Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity (R.W.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine
| | - Jun-ichi Suzuki
- From the Department of Advanced Clinical Science and Therapeutics (K.W., J.-i.S.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (H.A.), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.S., H.M.), Department of Health Development and Medicine (M.S., H.K., H.N.), and Department of Clinical Gene Therapy (R.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan; and Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity (R.W.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine
| | - Ryo Watanabe
- From the Department of Advanced Clinical Science and Therapeutics (K.W., J.-i.S.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (H.A.), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.S., H.M.), Department of Health Development and Medicine (M.S., H.K., H.N.), and Department of Clinical Gene Therapy (R.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan; and Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity (R.W.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine
| | - Hiroshi Koriyama
- From the Department of Advanced Clinical Science and Therapeutics (K.W., J.-i.S.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (H.A.), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.S., H.M.), Department of Health Development and Medicine (M.S., H.K., H.N.), and Department of Clinical Gene Therapy (R.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan; and Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity (R.W.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine
| | - Hiroshi Akazawa
- From the Department of Advanced Clinical Science and Therapeutics (K.W., J.-i.S.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (H.A.), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.S., H.M.), Department of Health Development and Medicine (M.S., H.K., H.N.), and Department of Clinical Gene Therapy (R.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan; and Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity (R.W.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine
| | - Hironori Nakagami
- From the Department of Advanced Clinical Science and Therapeutics (K.W., J.-i.S.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (H.A.), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.S., H.M.), Department of Health Development and Medicine (M.S., H.K., H.N.), and Department of Clinical Gene Therapy (R.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan; and Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity (R.W.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- From the Department of Advanced Clinical Science and Therapeutics (K.W., J.-i.S.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (H.A.), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.S., H.M.), Department of Health Development and Medicine (M.S., H.K., H.N.), and Department of Clinical Gene Therapy (R.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan; and Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity (R.W.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine
| | - Mitsuaki Isobe
- From the Department of Advanced Clinical Science and Therapeutics (K.W., J.-i.S.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (H.A.), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.S., H.M.), Department of Health Development and Medicine (M.S., H.K., H.N.), and Department of Clinical Gene Therapy (R.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan; and Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity (R.W.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine
| | - Ryuichi Morishita
- From the Department of Advanced Clinical Science and Therapeutics (K.W., J.-i.S.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (H.A.), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.S., H.M.), Department of Health Development and Medicine (M.S., H.K., H.N.), and Department of Clinical Gene Therapy (R.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan; and Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity (R.W.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine
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Yannoutsos A, Kheder-Elfekih R, Halimi JM, Safar ME, Blacher J. Should blood pressure goal be individualized in hypertensive patients? Pharmacol Res 2017; 118:53-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Qin X, Li Y, Sun N, He M, Tang G, Yin D, Wang J, Liang M, Wang B, Huo Y, Xu X, Xu X, Hou FF. Impact of Achieved Blood Pressure on First Stroke in Uncomplicated Grade 1 Hypertension. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.116.005247. [PMID: 28275067 PMCID: PMC5524030 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.005247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background We aimed to test the impact of achieved blood pressure (BP) on first stroke among patients with grade 1 hypertension and without cardiovascular diseases in the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial. Methods and Results A total of 3187 patients with uncomplicated grade 1 hypertension were included. The risk of outcomes was assessed according to: (1) the proportion of visits in which BP was reduced to <140/90 mm Hg, and (2) the time‐averaged systolic BP (SBP) or diastolic BP levels during the study treatment period. The median antihypertensive treatment duration was 4.6 years. Only 1.5% of the participants discontinued the treatments because of adverse reaction. Overall, the risk of stroke decreased with the increase of the proportion of study visits with BP <140/90 mm Hg (for per 5% increase; hazard ratio, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.87–0.98]). Consistently, compared with patients with time‐averaged SBP ≥140 or diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg, the risk of stroke was lower in patients with time‐averaged SBP of 120 to <140 mm Hg (1.1% versus 2.9%; hazard ratio, 0.39 [95% CI, 0.22–0.69]) or diastolic BP <90 mm Hg (1.5% versus 2.7%; hazard ratio, 0.41 [95% CI, 0.17–0.98]). The beneficial results were consistent across age (<60 versus ≥60 years), sex, baseline SBP (<150 versus 150 to <160 mm Hg), study treatment groups (enalapril or enalapril‐folic acid), and hypertension subtypes (isolated systolic hypertension or systolic‐diastolic hypertension). However, a time‐averaged SBP <120 mm Hg (versus 120–140 mm Hg) was associated with an increased risk for stroke. Similar results were observed for composite cardiovascular events or all‐cause death. Conclusions Achieved BP <140/90 mm Hg was significantly associated with a decreased risk of stroke or all‐cause death in patients with uncomplicated grade 1 hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhui Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Renal Division, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youbao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Renal Division, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ningling Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mingli He
- Department of Neurology, First People's Hospital, Lianyungang, China
| | - Genfu Tang
- Institute for Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,School of Health Administration, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Delu Yin
- Department of Cardiology, First People's Hospital, Lianyungang, China
| | - JiGuang Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Centre for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Renal Division, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Binyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Renal Division, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Huo
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Renal Division, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Renal Division, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China .,AUSA Research Institute, Shenzhen AUSA Pharmed Co Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fan Fan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Renal Division, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Fan F, Yuan Z, Qin X, Li J, Zhang Y, Li Y, Yu T, Ji M, Ge J, Zheng M, Yang X, Bao H, Cheng X, Gu D, Zhao D, Wang J, Sun N, Chen Y, Wang H, Wang X, Parati G, Hou F, Xu X, Wang X, Zhao G, Huo Y. Optimal Systolic Blood Pressure Levels for Primary Prevention of Stroke in General Hypertensive Adults: Findings From the CSPPT (China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial). Hypertension 2017; 69:697-704. [PMID: 28242714 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.08499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the relationship of time-averaged on-treatment systolic blood pressure (SBP) with the risk of first stroke in the CSPPT (China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial). A post hoc analysis was conducted using data from 17 720 hypertensive adults without cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and renal function decline from the CSPPT, a randomized double-blind controlled trial. The primary outcome was first stroke. Over a median follow-up duration of 4.5 years, the association between averaged on-treatment SBP and risk for first stoke followed a U-shape curve, with increased risk above and below the reference range of 120 to 130 mm Hg. Compared with participants with time-averaged on-treatment SBP at 120 to 130 mm Hg (mean, 126.2 mm Hg), the risk of first stroke was not only increased in participants with SBP at 130 to 135 mm Hg (mean, 132.6 mm Hg; 1.5% versus 0.8%; hazard ratio, 1.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-2.63) or 135 to 140 mm Hg (mean, 137.5 mm Hg; 1.9% versus 0.8%; hazard ratio, 1.85; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-2.93), but also increased in participants with SBP <120 mm Hg (mean, 116.7 mm Hg; 3.1% versus 0.8%; hazard ratio, 4.37; 95% confidence interval, 2.10-9.07). Similar results were found in various subgroups stratified by age, sex, and treatment group. Furthermore, lower diastolic blood pressure was associated with lower risk of stroke, with a plateau at a time-average on-treatment diastolic blood pressure <80 mm Hg. In conclusion, among adults with hypertension and without a history of stroke or myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, or renal function decline, a lower SBP goal of 120 to 130 mm Hg, as compared with a target SBP of 130 to 140 mm Hg or <120 mm Hg, resulted in the lowest risk of first stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Fan
- From the Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (F.F., J.L., Y.Z., Y.H.); Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China (Z.Y., G.Z.); National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research; Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (X.Q., Y.L., F.H., X.X.); Institute for Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (X.Q., T.Y.); Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital (M.J., J.G.), and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences (M.J., J.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (M.Z., X.Y.); Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, China (H.B., X.C.); Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); Department of Epidemiology, Capital Medical University Beijing Anzhen Hospital-Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung & Blood Vessel Diseases, China (D.Z.); Centre for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials, Ruijin Hospital, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (J.W.); Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China (N.S.); Department of Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.C.); Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (H.W.); Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (Xiaobin Wang); Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (G.P.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (G.P.); and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Xian Wang)
| | - Ziwen Yuan
- From the Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (F.F., J.L., Y.Z., Y.H.); Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China (Z.Y., G.Z.); National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research; Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (X.Q., Y.L., F.H., X.X.); Institute for Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (X.Q., T.Y.); Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital (M.J., J.G.), and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences (M.J., J.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (M.Z., X.Y.); Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, China (H.B., X.C.); Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); Department of Epidemiology, Capital Medical University Beijing Anzhen Hospital-Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung & Blood Vessel Diseases, China (D.Z.); Centre for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials, Ruijin Hospital, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (J.W.); Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China (N.S.); Department of Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.C.); Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (H.W.); Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (Xiaobin Wang); Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (G.P.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (G.P.); and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Xian Wang)
| | - Xianhui Qin
- From the Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (F.F., J.L., Y.Z., Y.H.); Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China (Z.Y., G.Z.); National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research; Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (X.Q., Y.L., F.H., X.X.); Institute for Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (X.Q., T.Y.); Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital (M.J., J.G.), and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences (M.J., J.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (M.Z., X.Y.); Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, China (H.B., X.C.); Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); Department of Epidemiology, Capital Medical University Beijing Anzhen Hospital-Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung & Blood Vessel Diseases, China (D.Z.); Centre for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials, Ruijin Hospital, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (J.W.); Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China (N.S.); Department of Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.C.); Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (H.W.); Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (Xiaobin Wang); Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (G.P.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (G.P.); and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Xian Wang)
| | - Jianping Li
- From the Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (F.F., J.L., Y.Z., Y.H.); Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China (Z.Y., G.Z.); National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research; Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (X.Q., Y.L., F.H., X.X.); Institute for Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (X.Q., T.Y.); Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital (M.J., J.G.), and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences (M.J., J.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (M.Z., X.Y.); Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, China (H.B., X.C.); Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); Department of Epidemiology, Capital Medical University Beijing Anzhen Hospital-Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung & Blood Vessel Diseases, China (D.Z.); Centre for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials, Ruijin Hospital, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (J.W.); Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China (N.S.); Department of Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.C.); Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (H.W.); Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (Xiaobin Wang); Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (G.P.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (G.P.); and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Xian Wang)
| | - Yan Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (F.F., J.L., Y.Z., Y.H.); Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China (Z.Y., G.Z.); National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research; Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (X.Q., Y.L., F.H., X.X.); Institute for Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (X.Q., T.Y.); Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital (M.J., J.G.), and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences (M.J., J.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (M.Z., X.Y.); Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, China (H.B., X.C.); Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); Department of Epidemiology, Capital Medical University Beijing Anzhen Hospital-Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung & Blood Vessel Diseases, China (D.Z.); Centre for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials, Ruijin Hospital, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (J.W.); Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China (N.S.); Department of Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.C.); Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (H.W.); Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (Xiaobin Wang); Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (G.P.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (G.P.); and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Xian Wang)
| | - Youbao Li
- From the Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (F.F., J.L., Y.Z., Y.H.); Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China (Z.Y., G.Z.); National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research; Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (X.Q., Y.L., F.H., X.X.); Institute for Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (X.Q., T.Y.); Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital (M.J., J.G.), and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences (M.J., J.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (M.Z., X.Y.); Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, China (H.B., X.C.); Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); Department of Epidemiology, Capital Medical University Beijing Anzhen Hospital-Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung & Blood Vessel Diseases, China (D.Z.); Centre for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials, Ruijin Hospital, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (J.W.); Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China (N.S.); Department of Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.C.); Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (H.W.); Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (Xiaobin Wang); Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (G.P.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (G.P.); and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Xian Wang)
| | - Tao Yu
- From the Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (F.F., J.L., Y.Z., Y.H.); Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China (Z.Y., G.Z.); National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research; Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (X.Q., Y.L., F.H., X.X.); Institute for Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (X.Q., T.Y.); Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital (M.J., J.G.), and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences (M.J., J.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (M.Z., X.Y.); Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, China (H.B., X.C.); Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); Department of Epidemiology, Capital Medical University Beijing Anzhen Hospital-Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung & Blood Vessel Diseases, China (D.Z.); Centre for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials, Ruijin Hospital, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (J.W.); Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China (N.S.); Department of Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.C.); Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (H.W.); Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (Xiaobin Wang); Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (G.P.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (G.P.); and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Xian Wang)
| | - Meng Ji
- From the Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (F.F., J.L., Y.Z., Y.H.); Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China (Z.Y., G.Z.); National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research; Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (X.Q., Y.L., F.H., X.X.); Institute for Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (X.Q., T.Y.); Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital (M.J., J.G.), and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences (M.J., J.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (M.Z., X.Y.); Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, China (H.B., X.C.); Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); Department of Epidemiology, Capital Medical University Beijing Anzhen Hospital-Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung & Blood Vessel Diseases, China (D.Z.); Centre for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials, Ruijin Hospital, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (J.W.); Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China (N.S.); Department of Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.C.); Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (H.W.); Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (Xiaobin Wang); Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (G.P.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (G.P.); and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Xian Wang)
| | - Junbo Ge
- From the Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (F.F., J.L., Y.Z., Y.H.); Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China (Z.Y., G.Z.); National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research; Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (X.Q., Y.L., F.H., X.X.); Institute for Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (X.Q., T.Y.); Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital (M.J., J.G.), and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences (M.J., J.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (M.Z., X.Y.); Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, China (H.B., X.C.); Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); Department of Epidemiology, Capital Medical University Beijing Anzhen Hospital-Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung & Blood Vessel Diseases, China (D.Z.); Centre for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials, Ruijin Hospital, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (J.W.); Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China (N.S.); Department of Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.C.); Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (H.W.); Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (Xiaobin Wang); Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (G.P.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (G.P.); and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Xian Wang)
| | - Meili Zheng
- From the Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (F.F., J.L., Y.Z., Y.H.); Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China (Z.Y., G.Z.); National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research; Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (X.Q., Y.L., F.H., X.X.); Institute for Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (X.Q., T.Y.); Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital (M.J., J.G.), and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences (M.J., J.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (M.Z., X.Y.); Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, China (H.B., X.C.); Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); Department of Epidemiology, Capital Medical University Beijing Anzhen Hospital-Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung & Blood Vessel Diseases, China (D.Z.); Centre for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials, Ruijin Hospital, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (J.W.); Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China (N.S.); Department of Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.C.); Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (H.W.); Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (Xiaobin Wang); Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (G.P.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (G.P.); and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Xian Wang)
| | - Xinchun Yang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (F.F., J.L., Y.Z., Y.H.); Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China (Z.Y., G.Z.); National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research; Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (X.Q., Y.L., F.H., X.X.); Institute for Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (X.Q., T.Y.); Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital (M.J., J.G.), and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences (M.J., J.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (M.Z., X.Y.); Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, China (H.B., X.C.); Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); Department of Epidemiology, Capital Medical University Beijing Anzhen Hospital-Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung & Blood Vessel Diseases, China (D.Z.); Centre for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials, Ruijin Hospital, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (J.W.); Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China (N.S.); Department of Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.C.); Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (H.W.); Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (Xiaobin Wang); Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (G.P.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (G.P.); and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Xian Wang)
| | - Huihui Bao
- From the Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (F.F., J.L., Y.Z., Y.H.); Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China (Z.Y., G.Z.); National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research; Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (X.Q., Y.L., F.H., X.X.); Institute for Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (X.Q., T.Y.); Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital (M.J., J.G.), and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences (M.J., J.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (M.Z., X.Y.); Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, China (H.B., X.C.); Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); Department of Epidemiology, Capital Medical University Beijing Anzhen Hospital-Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung & Blood Vessel Diseases, China (D.Z.); Centre for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials, Ruijin Hospital, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (J.W.); Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China (N.S.); Department of Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.C.); Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (H.W.); Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (Xiaobin Wang); Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (G.P.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (G.P.); and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Xian Wang)
| | - Xiaoshu Cheng
- From the Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (F.F., J.L., Y.Z., Y.H.); Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China (Z.Y., G.Z.); National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research; Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (X.Q., Y.L., F.H., X.X.); Institute for Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (X.Q., T.Y.); Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital (M.J., J.G.), and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences (M.J., J.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (M.Z., X.Y.); Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, China (H.B., X.C.); Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); Department of Epidemiology, Capital Medical University Beijing Anzhen Hospital-Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung & Blood Vessel Diseases, China (D.Z.); Centre for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials, Ruijin Hospital, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (J.W.); Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China (N.S.); Department of Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.C.); Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (H.W.); Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (Xiaobin Wang); Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (G.P.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (G.P.); and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Xian Wang)
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- From the Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (F.F., J.L., Y.Z., Y.H.); Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China (Z.Y., G.Z.); National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research; Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (X.Q., Y.L., F.H., X.X.); Institute for Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (X.Q., T.Y.); Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital (M.J., J.G.), and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences (M.J., J.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (M.Z., X.Y.); Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, China (H.B., X.C.); Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); Department of Epidemiology, Capital Medical University Beijing Anzhen Hospital-Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung & Blood Vessel Diseases, China (D.Z.); Centre for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials, Ruijin Hospital, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (J.W.); Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China (N.S.); Department of Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.C.); Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (H.W.); Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (Xiaobin Wang); Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (G.P.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (G.P.); and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Xian Wang)
| | - Dong Zhao
- From the Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (F.F., J.L., Y.Z., Y.H.); Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China (Z.Y., G.Z.); National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research; Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (X.Q., Y.L., F.H., X.X.); Institute for Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (X.Q., T.Y.); Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital (M.J., J.G.), and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences (M.J., J.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (M.Z., X.Y.); Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, China (H.B., X.C.); Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); Department of Epidemiology, Capital Medical University Beijing Anzhen Hospital-Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung & Blood Vessel Diseases, China (D.Z.); Centre for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials, Ruijin Hospital, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (J.W.); Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China (N.S.); Department of Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.C.); Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (H.W.); Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (Xiaobin Wang); Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (G.P.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (G.P.); and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Xian Wang)
| | - Jiguang Wang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (F.F., J.L., Y.Z., Y.H.); Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China (Z.Y., G.Z.); National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research; Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (X.Q., Y.L., F.H., X.X.); Institute for Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (X.Q., T.Y.); Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital (M.J., J.G.), and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences (M.J., J.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (M.Z., X.Y.); Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, China (H.B., X.C.); Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); Department of Epidemiology, Capital Medical University Beijing Anzhen Hospital-Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung & Blood Vessel Diseases, China (D.Z.); Centre for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials, Ruijin Hospital, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (J.W.); Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China (N.S.); Department of Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.C.); Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (H.W.); Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (Xiaobin Wang); Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (G.P.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (G.P.); and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Xian Wang)
| | - Ningling Sun
- From the Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (F.F., J.L., Y.Z., Y.H.); Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China (Z.Y., G.Z.); National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research; Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (X.Q., Y.L., F.H., X.X.); Institute for Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (X.Q., T.Y.); Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital (M.J., J.G.), and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences (M.J., J.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (M.Z., X.Y.); Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, China (H.B., X.C.); Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); Department of Epidemiology, Capital Medical University Beijing Anzhen Hospital-Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung & Blood Vessel Diseases, China (D.Z.); Centre for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials, Ruijin Hospital, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (J.W.); Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China (N.S.); Department of Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.C.); Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (H.W.); Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (Xiaobin Wang); Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (G.P.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (G.P.); and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Xian Wang)
| | - Yundai Chen
- From the Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (F.F., J.L., Y.Z., Y.H.); Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China (Z.Y., G.Z.); National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research; Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (X.Q., Y.L., F.H., X.X.); Institute for Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (X.Q., T.Y.); Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital (M.J., J.G.), and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences (M.J., J.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (M.Z., X.Y.); Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, China (H.B., X.C.); Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); Department of Epidemiology, Capital Medical University Beijing Anzhen Hospital-Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung & Blood Vessel Diseases, China (D.Z.); Centre for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials, Ruijin Hospital, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (J.W.); Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China (N.S.); Department of Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.C.); Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (H.W.); Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (Xiaobin Wang); Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (G.P.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (G.P.); and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Xian Wang)
| | - Hong Wang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (F.F., J.L., Y.Z., Y.H.); Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China (Z.Y., G.Z.); National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research; Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (X.Q., Y.L., F.H., X.X.); Institute for Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (X.Q., T.Y.); Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital (M.J., J.G.), and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences (M.J., J.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (M.Z., X.Y.); Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, China (H.B., X.C.); Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); Department of Epidemiology, Capital Medical University Beijing Anzhen Hospital-Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung & Blood Vessel Diseases, China (D.Z.); Centre for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials, Ruijin Hospital, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (J.W.); Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China (N.S.); Department of Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.C.); Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (H.W.); Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (Xiaobin Wang); Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (G.P.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (G.P.); and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Xian Wang)
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (F.F., J.L., Y.Z., Y.H.); Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China (Z.Y., G.Z.); National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research; Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (X.Q., Y.L., F.H., X.X.); Institute for Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (X.Q., T.Y.); Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital (M.J., J.G.), and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences (M.J., J.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (M.Z., X.Y.); Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, China (H.B., X.C.); Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); Department of Epidemiology, Capital Medical University Beijing Anzhen Hospital-Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung & Blood Vessel Diseases, China (D.Z.); Centre for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials, Ruijin Hospital, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (J.W.); Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China (N.S.); Department of Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.C.); Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (H.W.); Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (Xiaobin Wang); Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (G.P.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (G.P.); and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Xian Wang)
| | - Gianfranco Parati
- From the Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (F.F., J.L., Y.Z., Y.H.); Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China (Z.Y., G.Z.); National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research; Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (X.Q., Y.L., F.H., X.X.); Institute for Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (X.Q., T.Y.); Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital (M.J., J.G.), and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences (M.J., J.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (M.Z., X.Y.); Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, China (H.B., X.C.); Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); Department of Epidemiology, Capital Medical University Beijing Anzhen Hospital-Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung & Blood Vessel Diseases, China (D.Z.); Centre for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials, Ruijin Hospital, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (J.W.); Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China (N.S.); Department of Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.C.); Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (H.W.); Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (Xiaobin Wang); Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (G.P.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (G.P.); and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Xian Wang)
| | - Fanfan Hou
- From the Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (F.F., J.L., Y.Z., Y.H.); Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China (Z.Y., G.Z.); National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research; Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (X.Q., Y.L., F.H., X.X.); Institute for Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (X.Q., T.Y.); Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital (M.J., J.G.), and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences (M.J., J.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (M.Z., X.Y.); Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, China (H.B., X.C.); Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); Department of Epidemiology, Capital Medical University Beijing Anzhen Hospital-Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung & Blood Vessel Diseases, China (D.Z.); Centre for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials, Ruijin Hospital, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (J.W.); Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China (N.S.); Department of Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.C.); Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (H.W.); Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (Xiaobin Wang); Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (G.P.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (G.P.); and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Xian Wang)
| | - Xiping Xu
- From the Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (F.F., J.L., Y.Z., Y.H.); Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China (Z.Y., G.Z.); National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research; Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (X.Q., Y.L., F.H., X.X.); Institute for Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (X.Q., T.Y.); Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital (M.J., J.G.), and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences (M.J., J.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (M.Z., X.Y.); Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, China (H.B., X.C.); Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); Department of Epidemiology, Capital Medical University Beijing Anzhen Hospital-Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung & Blood Vessel Diseases, China (D.Z.); Centre for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials, Ruijin Hospital, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (J.W.); Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China (N.S.); Department of Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.C.); Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (H.W.); Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (Xiaobin Wang); Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (G.P.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (G.P.); and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Xian Wang)
| | - Xian Wang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (F.F., J.L., Y.Z., Y.H.); Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China (Z.Y., G.Z.); National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research; Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (X.Q., Y.L., F.H., X.X.); Institute for Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (X.Q., T.Y.); Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital (M.J., J.G.), and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences (M.J., J.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (M.Z., X.Y.); Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, China (H.B., X.C.); Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); Department of Epidemiology, Capital Medical University Beijing Anzhen Hospital-Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung & Blood Vessel Diseases, China (D.Z.); Centre for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials, Ruijin Hospital, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (J.W.); Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China (N.S.); Department of Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.C.); Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (H.W.); Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (Xiaobin Wang); Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (G.P.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (G.P.); and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Xian Wang).
| | - Gang Zhao
- From the Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (F.F., J.L., Y.Z., Y.H.); Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China (Z.Y., G.Z.); National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research; Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (X.Q., Y.L., F.H., X.X.); Institute for Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (X.Q., T.Y.); Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital (M.J., J.G.), and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences (M.J., J.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (M.Z., X.Y.); Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, China (H.B., X.C.); Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); Department of Epidemiology, Capital Medical University Beijing Anzhen Hospital-Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung & Blood Vessel Diseases, China (D.Z.); Centre for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials, Ruijin Hospital, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (J.W.); Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China (N.S.); Department of Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.C.); Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (H.W.); Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (Xiaobin Wang); Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (G.P.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (G.P.); and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Xian Wang).
| | - Yong Huo
- From the Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (F.F., J.L., Y.Z., Y.H.); Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China (Z.Y., G.Z.); National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research; Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (X.Q., Y.L., F.H., X.X.); Institute for Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (X.Q., T.Y.); Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital (M.J., J.G.), and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences (M.J., J.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (M.Z., X.Y.); Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, China (H.B., X.C.); Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); Department of Epidemiology, Capital Medical University Beijing Anzhen Hospital-Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung & Blood Vessel Diseases, China (D.Z.); Centre for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials, Ruijin Hospital, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (J.W.); Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China (N.S.); Department of Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.C.); Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (H.W.); Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (Xiaobin Wang); Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (G.P.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (G.P.); and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Xian Wang).
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Association of systolic blood pressure levels with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events and all-cause mortality: a result from the Kailuan study. Blood Press Monit 2017; 21:149-54. [PMID: 26881934 DOI: 10.1097/mbp.0000000000000181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine the impact of different levels of systolic blood pressure (SBP) on the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events and all-cause death in Chinese adults. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 97 013 Chinese men and women from the Kailuan study were followed up with the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events and all-cause death. The participants were categorized into nine groups on the basis of the different SBP levels (mmHg) (groups 1-9): SBP<110, 110≤SBP<120, 120≤SBP<130, 130≤SBP<140, 140≤SBP<150, 150≤SBP<160, 160≤SBP<170, 170≤SBP<180, and SBP≥180. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated from Cox regression models. RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 4.02 years, a total of 2043 cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events and 1686 of all-cause deaths occurred. After adjustments for potential confounding factors and using group 1 as a reference, HRs (95% CIs) of total cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events for groups 2-9 were 1.35 (1.00-1.82), 1.61 (1.22-2.12), 1.54 (1.16-2.04), 2.05 (1.55-2.72), 2.47 (1.86-3.29), 3.04 (2.28-4.06), 3.93 (2.89-5.36), and 4.56 (3.39-6.15), respectively. HRs (95% CIs) of all-cause death for groups 2-9 were 0.92 (0.71-1.20), 0.95 (0.75-1.20), 1.06 (0.83-1.34), 1.18 (0.93-1.50), 1.16 (0.90-1.49), 1.39 (1.07-1.81), 1.74 (1.29-2.33), and 2.06 (1.56-2.72), respectively. CONCLUSION An increase in the SBP levels is significantly associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events and all-cause death.
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Towfighi A, Cheng EM, Ayala-Rivera M, McCreath H, Sanossian N, Dutta T, Mehta B, Bryg R, Rao N, Song S, Razmara A, Ramirez M, Sivers-Teixeira T, Tran J, Mojarro-Huang E, Montoya A, Corrales M, Martinez B, Willis P, Macias M, Ibrahim N, Wu S, Wacksman J, Haber H, Richards A, Barry F, Hill V, Mittman B, Cunningham W, Liu H, Ganz DA, Factor D, Vickrey BG. Randomized controlled trial of a coordinated care intervention to improve risk factor control after stroke or transient ischemic attack in the safety net: Secondary stroke prevention by Uniting Community and Chronic care model teams Early to End Disparities (SUCCEED). BMC Neurol 2017; 17:24. [PMID: 28166784 PMCID: PMC5294765 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-017-0792-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent strokes are preventable through awareness and control of risk factors such as hypertension, and through lifestyle changes such as healthier diets, greater physical activity, and smoking cessation. However, vascular risk factor control is frequently poor among stroke survivors, particularly among socio-economically disadvantaged blacks, Latinos and other people of color. The Chronic Care Model (CCM) is an effective framework for multi-component interventions aimed at improving care processes and outcomes for individuals with chronic disease. In addition, community health workers (CHWs) have played an integral role in reducing health disparities; however, their effectiveness in reducing vascular risk among stroke survivors remains unknown. Our objectives are to develop, test, and assess the economic value of a CCM-based intervention using an Advanced Practice Clinician (APC)-CHW team to improve risk factor control after stroke in an under-resourced, racially/ethnically diverse population. METHODS/DESIGN In this single-blind randomized controlled trial, 516 adults (≥40 years) with an ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack or intracerebral hemorrhage within the prior 90 days are being enrolled at five sites within the Los Angeles County safety-net setting and randomized 1:1 to intervention vs usual care. Participants are excluded if they do not speak English, Spanish, Cantonese, Mandarin, or Korean or if they are unable to consent. The intervention includes a minimum of three clinic visits in the healthcare setting, three home visits, and Chronic Disease Self-Management Program group workshops in community venues. The primary outcome is blood pressure (BP) control (systolic BP <130 mmHg) at 1 year. Secondary outcomes include: (1) mean change in systolic BP; (2) control of other vascular risk factors including lipids and hemoglobin A1c, (3) inflammation (C reactive protein [CRP]), (4) medication adherence, (5) lifestyle factors (smoking, diet, and physical activity), (6) estimated relative reduction in risk for recurrent stroke or myocardial infarction (MI), and (7) cost-effectiveness of the intervention versus usual care. DISCUSSION If this multi-component interdisciplinary intervention is shown to be effective in improving risk factor control after stroke, it may serve as a model that can be used internationally to reduce race/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in stroke in resource-constrained settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01763203 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Amytis Towfighi
- Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, Los Angeles, California USA
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California USA
- Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, California USA
| | - Eric M. Cheng
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California USA
| | - Monica Ayala-Rivera
- Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, California USA
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California USA
| | - Heather McCreath
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California USA
| | - Nerses Sanossian
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California USA
- Los Angeles County-University of Southern California (USC) Medical Center, Los Angeles, California USA
| | - Tara Dutta
- Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, California USA
- Kaiser Permanente, Sacramento, California USA
| | - Bijal Mehta
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California USA
- Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California USA
| | - Robert Bryg
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California USA
- Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar, California USA
| | - Neal Rao
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California USA
- Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar, California USA
| | - Shlee Song
- Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California USA
| | - Ali Razmara
- Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, California USA
- Kaiser Permanente, Irvine, California USA
| | - Magaly Ramirez
- Fielding School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California USA
| | - Theresa Sivers-Teixeira
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California USA
- Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, California USA
| | - Jamie Tran
- Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California USA
| | - Elizabeth Mojarro-Huang
- Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, California USA
- Los Angeles County-University of Southern California (USC) Medical Center, Los Angeles, California USA
| | - Ana Montoya
- Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, California USA
- Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California USA
- Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar, California USA
| | - Marilyn Corrales
- Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, Los Angeles, California USA
- Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, California USA
| | - Beatrice Martinez
- Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, California USA
- Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California USA
| | - Phyllis Willis
- Watts Labor Community Action Committee, Watts, California USA
| | - Mireya Macias
- Worker Education and Resource Center, Los Angeles, California USA
| | - Nancy Ibrahim
- Esperanza Community Housing, Los Angeles, California USA
| | - Shinyi Wu
- School of Social Work, Edward R. Roybal Institute on Aging, and Daniel J. Epstein Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California USA
- RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California USA
| | | | | | - Adam Richards
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California USA
| | - Frances Barry
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California USA
| | - Valerie Hill
- Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, California USA
| | - Brian Mittman
- Department of Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California USA
| | - William Cunningham
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California USA
| | - Honghu Liu
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California USA
| | - David A. Ganz
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California USA
- RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California USA
| | - Diane Factor
- Worker Education and Resource Center, Los Angeles, California USA
| | - Barbara G. Vickrey
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York USA
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Bath PM, Scutt P, Blackburn DJ, Ankolekar S, Krishnan K, Ballard C, Burns A, Mant J, Passmore P, Pocock S, Reckless J, Sprigg N, Stewart R, Wardlaw JM, Ford GA. Intensive versus Guideline Blood Pressure and Lipid Lowering in Patients with Previous Stroke: Main Results from the Pilot 'Prevention of Decline in Cognition after Stroke Trial' (PODCAST) Randomised Controlled Trial. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0164608. [PMID: 28095412 PMCID: PMC5240987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stroke is associated with the development of cognitive impairment and dementia. We assessed the effect of intensive blood pressure (BP) and/or lipid lowering on cognitive outcomes in patients with recent stroke in a pilot trial. Methods In a multicentre, partial-factorial trial, patients with recent stroke, absence of dementia, and systolic BP (SBP) 125–170 mmHg were assigned randomly to at least 6 months of intensive (target SBP <125 mmHg) or guideline (target SBP <140 mmHg) BP lowering. The subset of patients with ischaemic stroke and total cholesterol 3.0–8.0 mmol/l were also assigned randomly to intensive (target LDL-cholesterol <1.3 mmol/l) or guideline (target LDL-c <3.0 mmol/l) lipid lowering. The primary outcome was the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R). Results We enrolled 83 patients, mean age 74.0 (6.8) years, and median 4.5 months after stroke. The median follow-up was 24 months (range 1–48). Mean BP was significantly reduced with intensive compared to guideline treatment (difference –10·6/–5·5 mmHg; p<0·01), as was total/LDL-cholesterol with intensive lipid lowering compared to guideline (difference –0·54/–0·44 mmol/l; p<0·01). The ACE-R score during treatment did not differ for either treatment comparison; mean difference for BP lowering -3.6 (95% CI -9.7 to 2.4), and lipid lowering 4.4 (95% CI -2.1 to 10.9). However, intensive lipid lowering therapy was significantly associated with improved scores for ACE-R at 6 months, trail making A, modified Rankin Scale and Euro-Qol Visual Analogue Scale. There was no difference in rates of dementia or serious adverse events for either comparison. Conclusion In patients with recent stroke and normal cognition, intensive BP and lipid lowering were feasible and safe, but did not alter cognition over two years. The association between intensive lipid lowering and improved scores for some secondary outcomes suggests further trials are warranted. Trial Registration ISRCTN ISRCTN85562386
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M. Bath
- Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Polly Scutt
- Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J. Blackburn
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Sandeep Ankolekar
- Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurology, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kailash Krishnan
- Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Clive Ballard
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair Burns
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Mant
- General Practice & Primary Care Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Passmore
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Queens University, Belfast, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Pocock
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Reckless
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal United Hospital, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Nikola Sprigg
- Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rob Stewart
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London (Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience), London, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna M. Wardlaw
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Gary A. Ford
- Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Villa RF, Ferrari F, Moretti A. Effects of Neuroprotectants Before and After Stroke: Statins and Anti-hypertensives. SPRINGER SERIES IN TRANSLATIONAL STROKE RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45345-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Lucchese M, Borisenko O, Mantovani LG, Cortesi PA, Cesana G, Adam D, Burdukova E, Lukyanov V, Di Lorenzo N. Cost-Utility Analysis of Bariatric Surgery in Italy: Results of Decision-Analytic Modelling. Obes Facts 2017; 10:261-272. [PMID: 28601866 PMCID: PMC5644931 DOI: 10.1159/000475842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of bariatric surgery in Italy from a third-party payer perspective over a medium-term (10 years) and a long-term (lifetime) horizon. METHODS A state-transition Markov model was developed, in which patients may experience surgery, post-surgery complications, diabetes mellitus type 2, cardiovascular diseases or die. Transition probabilities, costs, and utilities were obtained from the Italian and international literature. Three types of surgeries were considered: gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, and adjustable gastric banding. A base-case analysis was performed for the population, the characteristics of which were obtained from surgery candidates in Italy. RESULTS In the base-case analysis, over 10 years, bariatric surgery led to cost increment of EUR 2,661 and generated additional 1.1 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Over a lifetime, surgery led to savings of EUR 8,649, additional 0.5 life years and 3.2 QALYs. Bariatric surgery was cost-effective at 10 years with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of EUR 2,412/QALY and dominant over conservative management over a lifetime. CONCLUSION In a comprehensive decision analytic model, a current mix of surgical methods for bariatric surgery was cost-effective at 10 years and cost-saving over the lifetime of the Italian patient cohort considered in this analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Lucchese
- Bariatric, General Surgery and Metabolic Department, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Oleg Borisenko
- Synergus AB, Danderyd, Sweden
- *Oleg Borisenko, MD, PhD, Health Economy, Synergus AB, Kevinge strand 20, Danderyd, 18257, Sweden,
| | | | - Paolo Angelo Cortesi
- Research Centre on Public Health (CESP), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Cesana
- Research Centre on Public Health (CESP), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Nicola Di Lorenzo
- Applied Experimental Medicine and Surgery Department, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Hilkens NA, Greving JP, Algra A, Klijn CJ. Blood pressure levels and the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage after ischemic stroke. Neurology 2016; 88:177-181. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000003489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective:To investigate the association between blood pressure (BP) levels and risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) after ischemic stroke.Methods:We performed a post hoc analysis of data from the Prevention Regimen for Effectively Avoiding Second Strokes (PRoFESS) trial, a randomized clinical trial including 20,332 patients with recent noncardioembolic ischemic stroke. BP measurements were divided into predefined categories. We calculated incidence rates per BP category and performed multivariable Cox regression analysis with systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) categories as time-dependent covariables.Results:One hundred thirty-three ICHs occurred during 50,778 person-years of follow-up, resulting in an incidence rate of 2.6 per 1,000 person-years. The incidence rate of ICH increased with increasing SBP and DBP categories. Risk of ICH was significantly higher in patients with SBP ≥160 mm Hg (hazard ratio 2.27, 95% confidence interval 1.34–3.86) compared with those with SBP of 130–<140 mm Hg and in patients with DBP ≥100 mm Hg (hazard ratio 3.08, 95% confidence interval 1.78–5.34) compared with those with DBP of 80–<90 mm Hg. The association between SBP or DBP and ICH did not differ by ischemic stroke subtype (p = 0.55 and 0.93).Conclusions:Among patients with recent noncardioembolic ischemic stroke, the risk of ICH is high. High SBP and DBP are associated with an increased risk of ICH. The association between BP and ICH is not dependent on ischemic stroke subtype.
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Abstract
Patients who have had a stroke are at high risk for recurrent stroke, myocardial infarction, and vascular death. Prevention of these events should be initiated promptly after stroke, because many recurrent events occur early, and should be tailored to the precise cause of stroke, which may require specific treatment. Lifestyle advice including abstinence from smoking, regular exercise, Mediterranean-style diet, and reduction of salt intake and alcohol consumption are recommended for all patients with stroke. For most patients with ischemic stroke or TIA, control of risk factors, including lowering blood pressure under 140/90mmHg and LDL cholesterol under 1g/L, together with antiplatelet or oral anticoagulant therapy, depending on the cause of stroke, have been shown to decrease the risk of recurrent stroke and cardiovascular events. Aspirin, clopidogrel, or the combination of aspirin and dipyridamole, are all acceptable options for secondary prevention in patients with ischemic stroke or TIA of arterial origin. Dual therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel might be considered for 3 weeks after a minor ischemic stroke or TIA and for 3 months in patients with stroke due to severe intracranial stenosis. Oral anticoagulants are very effective to prevent cardioembolic stroke. Non-VKA oral anticoagulants have a favorable risk-benefit profile compared with VKAs, with significant reductions in stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, mortality, with similar major bleeding, but increased gastrointestinal bleeding. Carotid endarterectomy reduces the risk of ipsilateral stroke in patients with recent (<6 months) non disabling ischemic stroke or TIA in the territory and severe carotid artery stenosis. Carotid stenting is a potential alternative to surgery in patients younger than ≈70 years or patients with greater risk of surgery due to anatomic or medical conditions or specific circumstances such as radiation-induced stenosis or restenosis after surgery. For patients with hemorrhagic stroke due to hypertension-associated small vessel disease or cerebral amyloid angiopathy, strict control of blood pressure is essential. Restarting oral anticoagulants in patients after intracranial hemorrhage is a difficult decision that should weigh the risks of recurrent ischemic and hemorrhage stroke with and without oral anticoagulants. Several areas of uncertainty persist including the optimal target of blood pressure in patients with cerebrovascular disease, the benefit of PFO closure in patients with PFO-associated stroke, of stenting procedures in patients with atherosclerotic intracranial artery or extracranial vertebral artery stenosis, and of interventional procedures in patients with brain arteriovenous or cavernous malformations.
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Vidal-Petiot E, Ford I, Greenlaw N, Ferrari R, Fox KM, Tardif JC, Tendera M, Tavazzi L, Bhatt DL, Steg PG. Cardiovascular event rates and mortality according to achieved systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with stable coronary artery disease: an international cohort study. Lancet 2016; 388:2142-2152. [PMID: 27590221 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31326-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimum blood pressure target in hypertension remains debated, especially in coronary artery disease, given concerns for reduced myocardial perfusion if diastolic blood pressure is too low. We aimed to study the association between achieved blood pressure and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease and hypertension. METHODS We analysed data from 22 672 patients with stable coronary artery disease enrolled (from Nov 26, 2009, to June 30, 2010) in the CLARIFY registry (including patients from 45 countries) and treated for hypertension. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures before each event were averaged and categorised into 10 mm Hg increments. The primary outcome was the composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated with multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards models, using the 120-129 mm Hg systolic blood pressure and 70-79 mm Hg diastolic blood pressure subgroups as reference. FINDINGS After a median follow-up of 5·0 years, increased systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or more and diastolic blood pressure of 80 mm Hg or more were each associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events. Systolic blood pressure of less than 120 mm Hg was also associated with increased risk for the primary outcome (adjusted HR 1·56, 95% CI 1·36-1·81). Likewise, diastolic blood pressure of less than 70 mm Hg was associated with an increase in the primary outcome (adjusted HR 1·41 [1·24-1·61] for diastolic blood pressure of 60-69 mm Hg and 2·01 [1·50-2·70] for diastolic blood pressure of less than 60 mm Hg). INTERPRETATION In patients with hypertension and coronary artery disease from routine clinical practice, systolic blood pressure of less than 120 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure of less than 70 mm Hg were each associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes, including mortality, supporting the existence of a J-curve phenomenon. This finding suggests that caution should be taken in the use of blood pressure-lowering treatment in patients with coronary artery disease. FUNDING Servier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Vidal-Petiot
- Cardiology and Physiology Departments, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Inserm U1149, Paris, France
| | - Ian Ford
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Roberto Ferrari
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, ES Health Science Foundation, Cotignola, Italy; Department of Cardiology and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Kim M Fox
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | - Luigi Tavazzi
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, ES Health Science Foundation, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Philippe Gabriel Steg
- Cardiology and Physiology Departments, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK; French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, an F-CRIN network, INSERM U1148, Paris, France.
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Mancia G. Should blood pressure reduction be aggressive in patients with hypertension and coronary artery disease? Lancet 2016; 388:2061-2062. [PMID: 27590220 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31398-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mancia
- University of Milano-Bicocca, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan 20126, Italy.
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Optimal Blood Pressure Goals in Patients With Hypertension at High Risk for Cardiovascular Events. Am J Ther 2016; 23:e218-23. [PMID: 23591024 DOI: 10.1097/mjt.0b013e31827c5372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Existing epidemiologic and clinical trial data suggest that the blood pressure in patients with hypertension at high risk for cardiovascular events because of coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, stroke, or heart failure should be reduced to <140/90 mm Hg in patients younger than 80 years and the systolic blood pressure be reduced to 140-145 mm Hg if tolerated in patients aged 80 years and older. Studies from patients with coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, stroke, and heart failure will be discussed that support a blood pressure goal of <140/90 mm Hg in patients younger than 80 years at high risk for cardiovascular events.
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Becerra-Calixto A, Cardona-Gómez GP. Neuroprotection Induced by Transplanted CDK5 Knockdown Astrocytes in Global Cerebral Ischemic Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:6681-6696. [PMID: 27744570 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0162-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is a cerebrovascular episode that generates a high incidence of death and physical and mental disabilities worldwide. Excitotoxicity, release of free radicals, and exacerbated immune response cause serious complications in motor and cognitive areas during both short and long time frames post-ischemia. CDK5 is a kinase that is widely involved in the functions of neurons and astrocytes, and its over-activation is implicated in neurodegenerative processes. In this study, we evaluated the brain parenchymal response to the transplantation of CDK5-knockdown astrocytes into the somatosensory cortex after ischemia in rats. Male Wistar rats were subjected to the two-vessel occlusion (2VO) model of global cerebral ischemia and immediately transplanted with shCDK5miR- or shSCRmiR-transduced astrocytes or with untransduced astrocytes (Control). Our findings showed that animals transplanted with shCDK5miR astrocytes recovered motor and neurological performance better than with those transplanted with WT or shSCRmiR astrocytes. Cell transplantation produced an overall prevention of neuronal loss, and CDK5-knockdown astrocytes significantly increased the immunoreactivity (IR) of endogenous GFAP in branches surrounding blood vessels, accompanied by the upregulation of PECAM-1 IR in the walls of vessels in the motor and somatosensory regions and by an increase in Ki67 IR in the subventricular zone (SVZ), partially associated with the production of BDNF. Together, our data suggest that transplantation of shCDK5miR astrocytes protects the neurovascular unit in ischemic rats, allowing the motor and neurological function recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Becerra-Calixto
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Group of Neuroscience of Antioquia, School of Medicine, SIU, University of Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Gloria Patricia Cardona-Gómez
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Group of Neuroscience of Antioquia, School of Medicine, SIU, University of Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin, Colombia.
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Phan T. Blood pressure-lowering therapy post stroke should be commenced before discharge from hospital: Contra. Int J Stroke 2016; 12:119-120. [DOI: 10.1177/1747493016674957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The discussion presented here is a summary of the debate given at the combined Stroke Society of Australasia and Smart Strokes meeting in 2015. In summary, the evidence for blood pressure lowering at discharge has been extrapolated from clinical trial performed in the latter phase of stroke. Evidence of harm from early commencing blood pressure therapy was provided. The debate ended with emphasis on personalized medicine and proposal for other avenues to improve the use of secondary stroke prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Phan
- School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Department of Medicine, Monash University and Stroke Unit, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia
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87
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Feigl AB, Bloom DE, Danaei G, Pillay D, Salomon JA, Tanser F, Bärnighausen TW. The Effect of HIV and the Modifying Effect of Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) on Body Mass Index (BMI) and Blood Pressure Levels in Rural South Africa. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158264. [PMID: 27552195 PMCID: PMC4995007 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High BMI and blood pressure are leading chronic disease risk factors in South Africa. Longterm effects of HIV and ART on adiposity and blood pressure are poorly understood, and direct comparisons of risk factor trajectories in HIV- versus HIV+ populations are rare. METHODS In 2003 and 2010, height, weight, and blood pressure were recorded in a study population (n = 505) in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (30% adult HIV prevalence). We modeled change in BMI and BP longitudinally in HIV- individuals (n = 315), seroconverters (n = 32), HIV+ patients not on ART (HIV+ART-; n = 52), HIV+ patients on ART for 0-<2 years as of 2010 (HIV+ART0-<2 yrs; n = 18), patients on ART for 2-5 years (HIV+ART2-5yrs; n = 44), and a subgroup with unknown HIV status (n = 44). Difference-in-differences were assessed in reference to the HIV- population. RESULTS Between 2003 and 2010, BMI increased significantly in the HIV- group, by 0.874 (95% CI 0.339, 1.41; p = 0.001), to 30.4. BMI drop was significantly greater in HIV+ART0-<2yrs than in HIV+ART2-5yrs (p = 0.005). DID in BMI in HIV+ART0-<2yrs versus the reference was -5.21 (95% CI -7.53, -2.90; p = 0.001), and DID in HIV+ART2-5yrs versus reference was -1.35 (95% CI -2.89, 0.189; p = 0.086). DID in SBP in HIV+ART-vs HIV- DID was -7.55 mmHg (95% CI -13.2 to -1.90; p = 0.009). CONCLUSION Short-term ART (0-<2 years) was associated with larger weight loss than either no ART or long-term ART. Once on ART for 2+ years, individuals 'caught up' on weight gain with the HIV- population. Our results showcase the importance of health system readiness to address the burgeoning double burden of disease in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea B. Feigl
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, 641 Huntington Ave, 02115, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Africa Health Research Institute, Somkhele, South Africa
| | - David E. Bloom
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Dept. of Global Health and Population, 677 Huntington Ave, 02115, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Goodarz Danaei
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Dept. of Global Health and Population, 677 Huntington Ave, 02115, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Deenan Pillay
- Africa Health Research Institute, Somkhele, South Africa
- Division of Infection & Immunology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua A. Salomon
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Dept. of Global Health and Population, 677 Huntington Ave, 02115, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Frank Tanser
- Africa Health Research Institute, Somkhele, South Africa
- Division of Infection & Immunology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Till W. Bärnighausen
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Dept. of Global Health and Population, 677 Huntington Ave, 02115, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Africa Health Research Institute, Somkhele, South Africa
- School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Institute of Public Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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88
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Koh AS, Talaei M, Pan A, Wang R, Yuan JM, Koh WP. Systolic blood pressure and cardiovascular mortality in middle-aged and elderly adults - The Singapore Chinese Health Study. Int J Cardiol 2016; 219:404-9. [PMID: 27362831 PMCID: PMC4966974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) is related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, it is unclear if the optimal SBP level may differ by age or the presence of underlying CVD. OBJECTIVE We investigated the association between SBP categories and CVD mortality among middle-aged and elderly adults with and without CVD history. METHODS We used data from 30,692 participants of the population-based Singapore Chinese Health Study who had blood pressures measured using a standard protocol at ages 48-85years between 1994 and 2005. Information on lifestyle factors were collected at recruitment (1993-1998) and during follow-up interviews (1999 and 2004). Mortality was identified via nationwide registry linkage up to 31 December 2014. RESULTS SBP 120-139mmHg category was associated with lowest risk of CVD mortality in both age-groups of <60 and 60+years, as well as in those with and without underlying coronary heart disease or stroke. Overall, compared to this category, CVD risk was non-significantly increased in lower SBP categories and significantly increased in the higher SBP categories. The risk estimates associated with elevated SBP were higher among those <60years compared to their older counterparts, but less distinct between those with and without underlying CVD. CONCLUSION SBP 120-139mmHg was associated with the lowest risk of CVD mortality in middle aged and elderly adults, regardless of underlying CVD. Although risks in both adult groups were similar, there is a greater risk associated with higher SBP among those aged below 60years, highlighting a greater urgency of treatment in this younger group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela S Koh
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Mohammad Talaei
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - An Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Renwei Wang
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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89
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Soto M, Sampietro-Colom L, Sagarra J, Brugada-Terradellas J. InnovaSEC en acción: coste-efectividad de Barostim para el tratamiento de la hipertensión arterial refractaria en España. Rev Esp Cardiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2015.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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90
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Patterns and Predictors of Blood Pressure Treatment, Control, and Outcomes among Stroke Survivors in the United States. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2016; 25:857-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Mant J, McManus RJ, Roalfe A, Fletcher K, Taylor CJ, Martin U, Virdee S, Greenfield S, Hobbs FDR. Different systolic blood pressure targets for people with history of stroke or transient ischaemic attack: PAST-BP (Prevention After Stroke--Blood Pressure) randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2016; 352:i708. [PMID: 26919870 PMCID: PMC4770816 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.i708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether using intensive blood pressure targets leads to lower blood pressure in a community population of people with prevalent cerebrovascular disease. DESIGN Open label randomised controlled trial. SETTING 99 general practices in England, with participants recruited in 2009-11. PARTICIPANTS People with a history of stroke or transient ischaemic attack whose systolic blood pressure was 125 mm Hg or above. INTERVENTIONS Intensive systolic blood pressure target (<130 mm Hg or 10 mm Hg reduction from baseline if this was <140 mm Hg) or standard target (<140 mm Hg). Apart from the different target, patients in both arms were actively managed in the same way with regular reviews by the primary care team. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Change in systolic blood pressure between baseline and 12 months. RESULTS 529 patients (mean age 72) were enrolled, 266 to the intensive target arm and 263 to the standard target arm, of whom 379 were included in the primary analysis (182 (68%) intensive arm; 197 (75%) standard arm). 84 patients withdrew from the study during the follow-up period (52 intensive arm; 32 standard arm). Mean systolic blood pressure dropped by 16.1 mm Hg to 127.4 mm Hg in the intensive target arm and by 12.8 mm Hg to 129.4 mm Hg in the standard arm (difference between groups 2.9 (95% confidence interval 0.2 to 5.7) mm Hg; P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS Aiming for target below 130 mm Hg rather than 140 mm Hg for systolic blood pressure in people with cerebrovascular disease in primary care led to a small additional reduction in blood pressure. Active management of systolic blood pressure in this population using a <140 mm Hg target led to a clinically important reduction in blood pressure.Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN29062286.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Mant
- Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Richard J McManus
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, NIHR School for Primary Care Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Andrea Roalfe
- Primary Care Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Kate Fletcher
- Primary Care Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Clare J Taylor
- Primary Care Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Una Martin
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham
| | - Satnam Virdee
- Primary Care Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Sheila Greenfield
- Primary Care Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - F D Richard Hobbs
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, NIHR School for Primary Care Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
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Soto M, Sampietro-Colom L, Sagarra J, Brugada-Terradellas J. InnovaSEC in Action: Cost-effectiveness of Barostim in the Treatment of Refractory Hypertension in Spain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 69:563-71. [PMID: 26907729 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2015.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES In Spain, 0.3% of patients with hypertension are refractory to conventional treatment. The complications resulting from deficient control of this condition can lead to poor quality of life for the patient and considerable health care costs. Barostim is an implantable device designed to lower blood pressure in these patients. The aim of this study was to analyze the cost-effectiveness of Barostim compared with drug therapy in hypertensive patients refractory to conventional treatment (at least 3 antihypertensive drugs, including 1 diuretic agent). METHODS We used a Markov model adapted to the epidemiology of the Spanish population to simulate the natural history of a cohort of patients with refractory hypertension over their lifetime. Data on the effectiveness of the treatments studied were obtained from the literature, and data on costs were taken from hospital administrative databases and official sources. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted. RESULTS Barostim increased the number of quality-adjusted life years by 0.78 and reduced the number of hypertension-associated clinical events. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio in a cohort of men reached 68 726 euros per year of quality-adjusted life. One of the main elements that makes this technology costly is the need for battery replacement. The results were robust. CONCLUSIONS Barostim is not a cost-effective strategy for the treatment of refractory hypertension in Spain. The cost-effectiveness ratio could be improved by future reductions in the cost of the battery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Soto
- Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Laura Sampietro-Colom
- Unidad de Evaluación de Innovaciones y Nuevas Tecnologías, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Sagarra
- Institut Clínic del Tòrax (ICT), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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93
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Lackland DT, Voeks JH, Boan AD. Hypertension and stroke: an appraisal of the evidence and implications for clinical management. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2016; 14:609-16. [DOI: 10.1586/14779072.2016.1143359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Savoia C, Sada L, Volpe M. Blood pressure control versus atrial fibrillation management in stroke prevention. Curr Hypertens Rep 2016; 17:553. [PMID: 25893476 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-015-0553-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the major risk factors for atrial fibrillation which in turn is the most prevalent concomitant condition in hypertensive patients. While both these pathological conditions are independent risk factors for stroke, the association of hypertension and atrial fibrillation increases the incidence of disabling strokes. Moreover, documented or silent atrial fibrillation doubles the rate of cardiovascular death. Lowering blood pressure is strongly recommended, particularly for primary stroke prevention. However, a relatively small percentage of hypertensive patients still achieve the recommended blood pressure goals. The management of atrial fibrillation with respect to stroke prevention is changing. New oral anticoagulants represent a major advancement in long-term anticoagulation therapy in non valvular atrial fibrillation. They have several benefits over warfarin, including improved adherence to the anticoagulation therapy. This is an important issue since non-adherence to stroke prevention medications is a risk factor for first and recurrent strokes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Savoia
- Clinical and Molecular Medicine Department, Cardiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy,
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95
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Optimal Blood Pressure in Patients after Stroke in Rural Areas of China. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2016; 25:270-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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97
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Castilla-Guerra L, Fernandez-Moreno MDC. Chronic Management of Hypertension after Stroke: The Role of Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring. J Stroke 2015; 18:31-7. [PMID: 26687120 PMCID: PMC4747066 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2015.01102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is the most important potentially reversible risk factor for stroke in all age groups; high blood pressure (BP) is also associated with increased risk of recurrent stroke in patients who have already had an ischemic or hemorrhagic event. Twenty-four hour ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) has become an important tool for improving the diagnosis and management of hypertension, and is increasingly used to assess patients with hypertension. Nevertheless, although ABPM devices are increasingly used for assessment of hypertension, their value in the chronic management of hypertension in patients with stroke has not been systematically studied. In fact, among large-scale randomized trials for secondary stroke prevention, only the Morbidity and Mortality After Stroke, Eprosartan Compared With Nitrendipine for Secondary Prevention trial included 24-hour ABPM. ABPM has demonstrated chronic disruption of the circadian rhythm of BP after acute phase of stroke and has shown higher sensitivity compared to office BP in evaluating the effectiveness of antihypertensive treatment among stroke survivors. High 24-hour BP is an independent predictor for cerebrovascular events, brain microbleeds, and subsequent development of dementia. Nevertheless, although stroke care guidelines endorse the importance of hypertension management, the specific role of ABPM among stroke survivors after the acute phase of disease has not been established. Further studies are needed to clarify whether routine application of ABPM among these patients should be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Castilla-Guerra
- Department of Neurology, Hospital de Valme, University of Seville, 41014 Seville, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, 41071 Seville, Spain
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98
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Mancia G, Kjeldsen SE, Zappe DH, Holzhauer B, Hua TA, Zanchetti A, Julius S, Weber MA. Cardiovascular outcomes at different on-treatment blood pressures in the hypertensive patients of the VALUE trial. Eur Heart J 2015; 37:955-64. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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99
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Ji N, Meng P, Liu N, Xu B, Zhang G, Zhou X, He M. A Reasonable Blood Pressure Level for Good Clinical Outcome After the Acute Phase of Ischemic Stroke. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2015; 18:536-42. [PMID: 26395246 DOI: 10.1111/jch.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niu Ji
- Department of Neurology; Lianyungang Hospital affiliated with Xuzhou Medical College; Lianyungang City China
| | - Pin Meng
- Department of Neurology; Lianyungang Hospital affiliated with Xuzhou Medical College; Lianyungang City China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Neurology; Lianyungang Hospital affiliated with Xuzhou Medical College; Lianyungang City China
| | - Bingchao Xu
- Department of Neurology; Lianyungang Hospital affiliated with Xuzhou Medical College; Lianyungang City China
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- Department of Neurology; Lianyungang Hospital affiliated with Xuzhou Medical College; Lianyungang City China
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- Department of Neurology; Lianyungang Hospital affiliated with Xuzhou Medical College; Lianyungang City China
| | - Mingli He
- Department of Neurology; Lianyungang Hospital affiliated with Xuzhou Medical College; Lianyungang City China
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100
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Borisenko O, Adam D, Funch-Jensen P, Ahmed AR, Zhang R, Colpan Z, Hedenbro J. Bariatric Surgery can Lead to Net Cost Savings to Health Care Systems: Results from a Comprehensive European Decision Analytic Model. Obes Surg 2015; 25:1559-68. [PMID: 25639648 PMCID: PMC4522026 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-014-1567-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of the present study was to evaluate the cost-utility of bariatric surgery in a lifetime horizon from a Swedish health care payer perspective. METHODS A decision analytic model using the Markov process was developed covering cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and surgical complications. Clinical effectiveness and safety were based on the literature and data from the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry. Gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, and gastric banding were included in the analysis. Cost data were obtained from Swedish sources. RESULTS Bariatric surgery was cost saving in comparison with conservative management. It also led to a substantial reduction in lifetime risk of events: from a 16 % reduction in the risk of transient ischaemic attacks to a 62 % reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes. Over a lifetime, surgery led to savings of euro 8408 and generated an additional 0.8 years of life and 4.1 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) per patient, which translates into gains of 32,390 quality-adjusted person-years and savings of euro 66 million for the cohort, operated in 2012. Analysis of the consequences of a 3-year delay in surgery provision showed that the overall lifetime cost of treatment may be increased in patients with diabetes or a body mass index >40 kg/m(2). Delays in surgery may also lead to a loss of clinical benefits: up to 0.6 life years and 1.2 QALYs per patient over a lifetime. CONCLUSION Bariatric surgery, over a lifetime horizon, may lead to significant cost savings to health care systems in addition to the known clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Adam
- Synergus AB, Svardvagen 19, 182 33 Danderyd, Sweden
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