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Song K, Kim J, Cho S, Kim N, Jung D, Choo H, Lee J. Flexible-Device Injector with a Microflap Array for Subcutaneously Implanting Flexible Medical Electronics. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800419. [PMID: 29938924 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Implantable electronics in soft and flexible forms can reduce undesired outcomes such as irritations and chronic damages to surrounding biological tissues due to the improved mechanical compatibility with soft tissues. However, the same mechanical flexibility also makes it difficult to insert such implants through the skin because of reduced stiffness. In this paper, a flexible-device injector that enables the subcutaneous implantation of flexible medical electronics is reported. The injector consists of a customized blade at the tip and a microflap array which holds the flexible implant while the injector penetrates through soft tissues. The microflap array eliminates the need of additional materials such as adhesives that require an extended period to release a flexible medical electronic implant from an injector inside the skin. The mechanical properties of the injection system during the insertion process are experimentally characterized, and the injection of a flexible optical pulse sensor and electrocardiogram sensor is successfully demonstrated in vivo in live pig animal models to establish the practical feasibility of the concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangsun Song
- School of Mechanical Engineering; Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST); 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies; Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST); 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
| | - Juho Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering; Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST); 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies; Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST); 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
| | - Sungbum Cho
- School of Mechanical Engineering; Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST); 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
| | - Namyun Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering; Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST); 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwuk Jung
- School of Mechanical Engineering; Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST); 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies; Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST); 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuck Choo
- Department of Medical Engineering; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena CA 91125 USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Jongho Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering; Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST); 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies; Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST); 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
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52
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Pagaduan JV, Bhatta A, Romer LH, Gracias DH. 3D Hybrid Small Scale Devices. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1702497. [PMID: 29749014 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201702497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Interfacing nano/microscale elements with biological components in 3D contexts opens new possibilities for mimicry, bionics, and augmentation of organismically and anatomically inspired materials. Abiotic nanoscale elements such as plasmonic nanostructures, piezoelectric ribbons, and thin film semiconductor devices interact with electromagnetic fields to facilitate advanced capabilities such as communication at a distance, digital feedback loops, logic, and memory. Biological components such as proteins, polynucleotides, cells, and organs feature complex chemical synthetic networks that can regulate growth, change shape, adapt, and regenerate. Abiotic and biotic components can be integrated in all three dimensions in a well-ordered and programmed manner with high tunability, versatility, and resolution to produce radically new materials and hybrid devices such as sensor fabrics, anatomically mimetic microfluidic modules, artificial tissues, smart prostheses, and bionic devices. In this critical Review, applications of small scale devices in 3D hybrid integration, biomicrofluidics, advanced prostheses, and bionic organs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayson V Pagaduan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Anil Bhatta
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Lewis H Romer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - David H Gracias
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
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53
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Xu H, Yin L, Liu C, Sheng X, Zhao N. Recent Advances in Biointegrated Optoelectronic Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1800156. [PMID: 29806115 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
With recent progress in the design of materials and mechanics, opportunities have arisen to improve optoelectronic devices, circuits, and systems in curved, flexible, stretchable, and biocompatible formats, thereby enabling integration of customized optoelectronic devices and biological systems. Here, the core material technologies of biointegrated optoelectronic platforms are discussed. An overview of the design and fabrication methods to form semiconductor materials and devices in flexible and stretchable formats is presented, strategies incorporating various heterogeneous substrates, interfaces, and encapsulants are discussed, and their applications in biomimetic, wearable, and implantable systems are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lan Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xing Sheng
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ni Zhao
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
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54
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Rullyani C, Sung CF, Lin HC, Chu CW. Flexible Organic Thin Film Transistors Incorporating a Biodegradable CO 2-Based Polymer as the Substrate and Dielectric Material. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8146. [PMID: 29802298 PMCID: PMC5970150 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26585-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Employing CO2-based polymer in electronic applications should boost the consumption of CO2 feedstocks and provide the potential for non-permanent CO2 storage. In this study, polypropylene carbonate (PPC) is utilized as a dielectric and substrate material for organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) and organic inverter. The PPC dielectric film exhibits a surface energy of 47 mN m−1, a dielectric constant of 3, a leakage current density of less than 10−6 A cm−2, and excellent compatibility with pentacene and PTCDI-C8 organic semiconductors. Bottom-gate top-contact OTFTs are fabricated using PPC as a dielectric; they exhibits good electrical performance at an operating voltage of 60 V, with electron and hole mobilities of 0.14 and 0.026 cm2 V−1 s−1, and on-to-off ratios of 105 and 103, respectively. The fabricated p- and n-type transistors were connected to form a complementary inverter that operated at supply voltages of 20 V with high and low noise margins of 85 and 69%, respectively. The suitability of PPC as a substrate is demonstrated through the preparation of PPC sheets by casting method. The fabricated PPC sheets has a transparency of 92% and acceptable mechanical properties, yet they biodegraded rapidly through enzymatic degradation when using the lipase from Rhizhopus oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cut Rullyani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Chao-Feng Sung
- Department of Photonics and Display Institute, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Hong-Cheu Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan (ROC).
| | - Chih-Wei Chu
- Research Center for Applied Science Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan (ROC). .,College of Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan (ROC).
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55
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Reeder JT, Kang T, Rains S, Voit W. 3D, Reconfigurable, Multimodal Electronic Whiskers via Directed Air Assembly. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:1706733. [PMID: 29357119 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201706733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A batch-assembly technique for forming 3D electronics on shape memory polymer substrates is demonstrated and is used to create dense, highly sensitive, multimodal arrays of electronic whiskers. Directed air flow at temperatures above the substrate's glass transition temperature transforms planar photolithographically defined resistive sensors from 2D precursors into shape-tunable, deterministic 3D assemblies. Reversible 3D assembly and flattening is achieved by exploiting the shape memory properties of the substrate, enabling context-driven shape reconfiguration to isolate/enhance specific sensing modes. In particular, measurement schemes and device configurations are introduced that allow for the sensing of temperature, stiffness, contact force, proximity, and surface texture and roughness. The assemblies offer highly spatiotemporally resolved, wide-range measurements of surface topology (50 nm to 500 µm), material stiffness (200 kPa to 7.5 GPa), and temperature (0-100 °C), with response times of <250 µs. The development of a scalable process for 3D assembly of reconfigurable electronic sensors, as well as the large breadth and sensitivity of complex sensing modes demonstrated, has applications in the growing fields of 3D assembly, electronic skin, and human-machine interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan T Reeder
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080-3021, USA
| | - Tong Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080-3021, USA
| | - Sarah Rains
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080-3021, USA
| | - Walter Voit
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080-3021, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080-3021, USA
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56
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Liu Y, Wang H, Zhao W, Zhang M, Qin H, Xie Y. Flexible, Stretchable Sensors for Wearable Health Monitoring: Sensing Mechanisms, Materials, Fabrication Strategies and Features. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E645. [PMID: 29470408 PMCID: PMC5856015 DOI: 10.3390/s18020645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Wearable health monitoring systems have gained considerable interest in recent years owing to their tremendous promise for personal portable health watching and remote medical practices. The sensors with excellent flexibility and stretchability are crucial components that can provide health monitoring systems with the capability of continuously tracking physiological signals of human body without conspicuous uncomfortableness and invasiveness. The signals acquired by these sensors, such as body motion, heart rate, breath, skin temperature and metabolism parameter, are closely associated with personal health conditions. This review attempts to summarize the recent progress in flexible and stretchable sensors, concerning the detected health indicators, sensing mechanisms, functional materials, fabrication strategies, basic and desired features. The potential challenges and future perspectives of wearable health monitoring system are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Electronic Equipment Structure Design, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China.
| | - Hai Wang
- School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China.
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Electronic Equipment Structure Design, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China.
| | - Hongbo Qin
- Key Laboratory of Electronic Equipment Structure Design, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China.
| | - Yongqiang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Electronic Equipment Structure Design, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China.
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57
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Donahue MJ, Williamson A, Strakosas X, Friedlein JT, McLeod RR, Gleskova H, Malliaras GG. High-Performance Vertical Organic Electrochemical Transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:1705031. [PMID: 29266473 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are promising transducers for biointerfacing due to their high transconductance, biocompatibility, and availability in a variety of form factors. Most OECTs reported to date, however, utilize rather large channels, limiting the transistor performance and resulting in a low transistor density. This is typically a consequence of limitations associated with traditional fabrication methods and with 2D substrates. Here, the fabrication and characterization of OECTs with vertically stacked contacts, which overcome these limitations, is reported. The resulting vertical transistors exhibit a reduced footprint, increased intrinsic transconductance of up to 57 mS, and a geometry-normalized transconductance of 814 S m-1 . The fabrication process is straightforward and compatible with sensitive organic materials, and allows exceptional control over the transistor channel length. This novel 3D fabrication method is particularly suited for applications where high density is needed, such as in implantable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary J Donahue
- Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, 880 route de Mimet, 13541, Gardanne, France
| | | | - Xenofon Strakosas
- Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, 880 route de Mimet, 13541, Gardanne, France
| | - Jacob T Friedlein
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0425, USA
| | - Robert R McLeod
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0425, USA
| | - Helena Gleskova
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XW, UK
| | - George G Malliaras
- Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, 880 route de Mimet, 13541, Gardanne, France
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58
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Qian C, Asoh TA, Uyama H. Sea cucumber mimicking bacterial cellulose composite hydrogel with ionic strength-sensitive mechanical adaptivity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:11320-11323. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05779f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A novel sea cucumber-mimicking bacterial cellulose composite hydrogel shows stiffness changes in response to ionic strength without significant volume changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Qian
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka University
- Suita
- Japan
| | - Taka-Aki Asoh
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka University
- Suita
- Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka University
- Suita
- Japan
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59
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Prospects for a Robust Cortical Recording Interface. Neuromodulation 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-805353-9.00028-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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60
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Zhang C, Su JW, Deng H, Xie Y, Yan Z, Lin J. Reversible Self-Assembly of 3D Architectures Actuated by Responsive Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:41505-41511. [PMID: 29115816 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b14887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
An assembly of three-dimensional (3D) architectures with defined configurations has important applications in broad areas. Among various approaches of constructing 3D structures, a stress-driven assembly provides the capabilities of creating 3D architectures in a broad range of functional materials with unique merits. However, 3D architectures built via previous methods are simple, irreversible, or not free-standing. Furthermore, the substrates employed for the assembly remain flat, thus not involved as parts of the final 3D architectures. Herein, we report a reversible self-assembly of various free-standing 3D architectures actuated by the self-folding of smart polymer substrates with programmed geometries. The strategically designed polymer substrates can respond to external stimuli, such as organic solvents, to initiate the 3D assembly process and subsequently become the parts of the final 3D architectures. The self-assembly process is highly controllable via origami and kirigami designs patterned by direct laser writing. Self-assembled geometries include 3D architectures such as "flower", "rainbow", "sunglasses", "box", "pyramid", "grating", and "armchair". The reported self-assembly also shows wide applicability to various materials including epoxy, polyimide, laser-induced graphene, and metal films. The device examples include 3D architectures integrated with a micro light-emitting diode and a flex sensor, indicting the potential applications in soft robotics, bioelectronics, microelectromechanical systems, and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Jheng-Wun Su
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Heng Deng
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Yunchao Xie
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Zheng Yan
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Jian Lin
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
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61
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Xu X, Hu D, Yan L, Fang S, Shen C, Loo YL, Lin Y, Haines CS, Li N, Zakhidov AA, Meng H, Baughman RH, Huang W. Polar-Electrode-Bridged Electroluminescent Displays: 2D Sensors Remotely Communicating Optically. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29. [PMID: 28898465 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel geometry for electroluminescent devices, which does not require transparent electrodes for electrical input, is demonstrated, theoretically analyzed, and experimentally characterized. Instead of emitting light through a conventional electrode, light emission occurs through a polar liquid or solid and input electrical electrodes are coplanar, rather than stacked in a sandwich configuration. This new device concept is scalable and easily deployed for a range of modular alternating-current-powered electroluminescent light sources and light-emitting sensing devices. The polar-electrode-bridged electroluminescent displays can be used as remotely readable, spatially responsive sensors that emit light in response to the accumulation and distribution of materials on the device surface. Using this device structure, various types of alternating current devices are demonstrated. These include an umbrella that automatically lights up when it rains, a display that emits light from regions touched by human fingers (or painted upon using a mixture of oil and water), and a sensor that lights up differently in different areas to indicate the presence of water and its freezing. This study extends the dual-stack, coplanar-electrode device geometry to provide displays that emit light from a figure drawn on an electroluminescent panel using a graphite pencil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuru Xu
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Dan Hu
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lijia Yan
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Shaoli Fang
- Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75083, USA
| | - Clifton Shen
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yueh-Lin Loo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and the Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Yuan Lin
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Carter S Haines
- Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75083, USA
| | - Na Li
- Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75083, USA
| | - Anvar A Zakhidov
- Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75083, USA
| | - Hong Meng
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ray H Baughman
- Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75083, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
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62
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Chortos A, Zhu C, Oh JY, Yan X, Pochorovski I, To JWF, Liu N, Kraft U, Murmann B, Bao Z. Investigating Limiting Factors in Stretchable All-Carbon Transistors for Reliable Stretchable Electronics. ACS NANO 2017; 11:7925-7937. [PMID: 28745872 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b02458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable form factors enable electronic devices to conform to irregular 3D structures, including soft and moving entities. Intrinsically stretchable devices have potential advantages of high surface coverage of active devices, improved durability, and reduced processing costs. This work describes intrinsically stretchable transistors composed of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) electrodes and semiconductors and a dielectric that consists of a nonpolar elastomer. The use of a nonpolar elastomer dielectric enabled hysteresis-free device characteristics. Compared to devices on SiO2 dielectrics, stretchable devices with nonpolar dielectrics showed lower mobility in ambient conditions because of the absence of doping from water. The effect of a SWNT band gap on device characteristics was investigated by using different SWNT sources as the semiconductor. Large-band-gap SWNTs exhibited trap-limited behavior caused by the low capacitance of the dielectric. In contrast, high-current devices based on SWNTs with smaller band gaps were more limited by contact resistance. Of the tested SWNT sources, SWNTs with a maximum diameter of 1.5 nm performed the best, with a mobility of 15.4 cm2/Vs and an on/off ratio >103 for stretchable transistors. Large-band-gap devices showed increased sensitivity to strain because of a pronounced dependence on the dielectric thickness, whereas contact-limited devices showed substantially less strain dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Chortos
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, and §Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Chenxin Zhu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, and §Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jin Young Oh
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, and §Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, and §Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Igor Pochorovski
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, and §Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - John W-F To
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, and §Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, and §Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ulrike Kraft
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, and §Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Boris Murmann
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, and §Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, and §Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
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63
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Song K, Han JH, Yang HC, Nam KI, Lee J. Generation of electrical power under human skin by subdermal solar cell arrays for implantable bioelectronic devices. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 92:364-371. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.10.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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64
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Root SE, Savagatrup S, Printz AD, Rodriquez D, Lipomi DJ. Mechanical Properties of Organic Semiconductors for Stretchable, Highly Flexible, and Mechanically Robust Electronics. Chem Rev 2017; 117:6467-6499. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 465] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E. Root
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Suchol Savagatrup
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Adam D. Printz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Daniel Rodriquez
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Darren J. Lipomi
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
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65
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Uto K, Tsui JH, DeForest CA, Kim DH. Dynamically Tunable Cell Culture Platforms for Tissue Engineering and Mechanobiology. Prog Polym Sci 2017; 65:53-82. [PMID: 28522885 PMCID: PMC5432044 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human tissues are sophisticated ensembles of many distinct cell types embedded in the complex, but well-defined, structures of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Dynamic biochemical, physicochemical, and mechano-structural changes in the ECM define and regulate tissue-specific cell behaviors. To recapitulate this complex environment in vitro, dynamic polymer-based biomaterials have emerged as powerful tools to probe and direct active changes in cell function. The rapid evolution of polymerization chemistries, structural modulation, and processing technologies, as well as the incorporation of stimuli-responsiveness, now permit synthetic microenvironments to capture much of the dynamic complexity of native tissue. These platforms are comprised not only of natural polymers chemically and molecularly similar to ECM, but those fully synthetic in origin. Here, we review recent in vitro efforts to mimic the dynamic microenvironment comprising native tissue ECM from the viewpoint of material design. We also discuss how these dynamic polymer-based biomaterials are being used in fundamental cell mechanobiology studies, as well as towards efforts in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Uto
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Jonathan H. Tsui
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Cole A. DeForest
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, 4000 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
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66
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Yu F, Wu S, Wang X, Zhang G, Lu H, Qiu L. Flexible and low-voltage organic phototransistors. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28821a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A stripping procedure was demonstrated to prepare ultra-smooth gate dielectric for flexible and low-voltage organic phototransistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfan Yu
- Key Lab of Special Display Technology
- Ministry of Education
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology
- State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology
- Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology
| | - Shaohua Wu
- Key Lab of Special Display Technology
- Ministry of Education
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology
- State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology
- Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Key Lab of Special Display Technology
- Ministry of Education
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology
- State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology
- Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology
| | - Guobing Zhang
- Key Lab of Special Display Technology
- Ministry of Education
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology
- State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology
- Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology
| | - Hongbo Lu
- Key Lab of Special Display Technology
- Ministry of Education
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology
- State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology
- Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology
| | - Longzhen Qiu
- Key Lab of Special Display Technology
- Ministry of Education
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology
- State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology
- Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology
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67
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Chen PJ, Liu RZ, Hsiao YS. Self-assembled coronene nanofiber arrays: toward integrated organic bioelectronics for efficient isolation, detection, and recovery of cancer cells. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra07515d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrated coronene-based nanofiber array devices for circulating tumor cell isolation, detection, and recovery through electrical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Jung Chen
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Ming Chi University of Technology
- New Taipei City 243
- Taiwan
| | - Rou-Zhen Liu
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Ming Chi University of Technology
- New Taipei City 243
- Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Hsiao
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Ming Chi University of Technology
- New Taipei City 243
- Taiwan
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68
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Wang X, Liu J. Recent Advancements in Liquid Metal Flexible Printed Electronics: Properties, Technologies, and Applications. MICROMACHINES 2016; 7:E206. [PMID: 30404387 PMCID: PMC6189762 DOI: 10.3390/mi7120206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This article presents an overview on typical properties, technologies, and applications of liquid metal based flexible printed electronics. The core manufacturing material-room-temperature liquid metal, currently mainly represented by gallium and its alloys with the properties of excellent resistivity, enormous bendability, low adhesion, and large surface tension, was focused on in particular. In addition, a series of recently developed printing technologies spanning from personal electronic circuit printing (direct painting or writing, mechanical system printing, mask layer based printing, high-resolution nanoimprinting, etc.) to 3D room temperature liquid metal printing is comprehensively reviewed. Applications of these planar or three-dimensional printing technologies and the related liquid metal alloy inks in making flexible electronics, such as electronical components, health care sensors, and other functional devices were discussed. The significantly different adhesions of liquid metal inks on various substrates under different oxidation degrees, weakness of circuits, difficulty of fabricating high-accuracy devices, and low rate of good product-all of which are challenges faced by current liquid metal flexible printed electronics-are discussed. Prospects for liquid metal flexible printed electronics to develop ending user electronics and more extensive applications in the future are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
- Beijing Key Lab of CryoBiomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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69
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Qian Y, Zhang X, Xie L, Qi D, Chandran BK, Chen X, Huang W. Stretchable Organic Semiconductor Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:9243-9265. [PMID: 27573694 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201601278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable electronics are essential for the development of intensely packed collapsible and portable electronics, wearable electronics, epidermal and bioimplanted electronics, 3D surface compliable devices, bionics, prosthesis, and robotics. However, most stretchable devices are currently based on inorganic electronics, whose high cost of fabrication and limited processing area make it difficult to produce inexpensive, large-area devices. Therefore, organic stretchable electronics are highly attractive due to many advantages over their inorganic counterparts, such as their light weight, flexibility, low cost and large-area solution-processing, the reproducible semiconductor resources, and the easy tuning of their properties via molecular tailoring. Among them, stretchable organic semiconductor devices have become a hot and fast-growing research field, in which great advances have been made in recent years. These fantastic advances are summarized here, focusing on stretchable organic field-effect transistors, light-emitting devices, solar cells, and memory devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qian
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Linghai Xie
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Dianpeng Qi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Bevita K Chandran
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
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70
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Reit R, Abitz H, Reddy N, Parker S, Wei A, Aragon N, Ho M, Weittenhiller A, Kang T, Ecker M, Voit WE. Thiol-epoxy/maleimide ternary networks as softening substrates for flexible electronics. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:5367-5374. [PMID: 32263460 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb01082b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Softening microelectrode arrays, or flexible bioelectronic systems which can dynamically change modulus under the application of an external stimulus such as heat or electromagnetic radiation, have been of significant interest in the literature within the previous decade. Through their ability to actively soften in vivo, these devices have shown the capacity to attenuate the neuronal damage associated with insertion of rigid microelectrode arrays into soft tissue. Thiol-click substrates specifically have shown particularly impressive results for fabricating devices requiring small-scale, high-performance electronics for neural recording. However, previous attempts to engineer increasingly lower-modulus substrates for these devices have failed due to the fundamental chemistries' (the thioether linkage) flexibility. This failure has led to substrates without sufficient mechanical rigidity for penetrating soft tissue at physiological temperatures, or sufficient softening capacity to reduce the mechanical mismatch between soft tissue and implantable device. In this work, a ternary thiol-epoxy/maleimide network is investigated as a potential substrate materials space in which the degree of softening can be modulated without sacrificing the mechanical rigidity at physiological temperatures. Using these networks as platforms for the microfabrication of electrode arrays, example implantable intracortical microelectrode arrays are fabricated on both thiol-epoxy and thiol-epoxy/maleimide networks to demonstrate the insertion capacity of microelectrode arrays on the ternary polymer networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu Reit
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75030, USA.
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71
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Tong W, Fox K, Zamani A, Turnley AM, Ganesan K, Ahnood A, Cicione R, Meffin H, Prawer S, Stacey A, Garrett DJ. Optimizing growth and post treatment of diamond for high capacitance neural interfaces. Biomaterials 2016; 104:32-42. [PMID: 27424214 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical and biological properties are two crucial criteria in the selection of the materials to be used as electrodes for neural interfaces. For neural stimulation, materials are required to exhibit high capacitance and to form intimate contact with neurons for eliciting effective neural responses at acceptably low voltages. Here we report on a new high capacitance material fabricated using nitrogen included ultrananocrystalline diamond (N-UNCD). After exposure to oxygen plasma for 3 h, the activated N-UNCD exhibited extremely high electrochemical capacitance greater than 1 mF/cm(2), which originates from the special hybrid sp(2)/sp(3) structure of N-UNCD. The in vitro biocompatibility of the activated N-UNCD was then assessed using rat cortical neurons and surface roughness was found to be critical for healthy neuron growth, with best results observed on surfaces with a roughness of approximately 20 nm. Therefore, by using oxygen plasma activated N-UNCD with appropriate surface roughness, and considering the chemical and mechanical stability of diamond, the fabricated neural interfaces are expected to exhibit high efficacy, long-term stability and a healthy neuron/electrode interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tong
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kate Fox
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Akram Zamani
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ann M Turnley
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | | | - Arman Ahnood
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Rosemary Cicione
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Hamish Meffin
- National Vision Research Institute, Department of Optometry and Vision Science University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Steven Prawer
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Alastair Stacey
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - David J Garrett
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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72
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Heremans P, Tripathi AK, de Jamblinne de Meux A, Smits ECP, Hou B, Pourtois G, Gelinck GH. Mechanical and Electronic Properties of Thin-Film Transistors on Plastic, and Their Integration in Flexible Electronic Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:4266-4282. [PMID: 26707947 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201504360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The increasing interest in flexible electronics and flexible displays raises questions regarding the inherent mechanical properties of the electronic materials used. Here, the mechanical behavior of thin-film transistors used in active-matrix displays is considered. The change of electrical performance of thin-film semiconductor materials under mechanical stress is studied, including amorphous oxide semiconductors. This study comprises an experimental part, in which transistor structures are characterized under different mechanical loads, as well as a theoretical part, in which the changes in energy band structures in the presence of stress and strain are investigated. The performance of amorphous oxide semiconductors are compared to reported results on organic semiconductors and covalent semiconductors, i.e., amorphous silicon and polysilicon. In order to compare the semiconductor materials, it is required to include the influence of the other transistor layers on the strain profile. The bending limits are investigated, and shown to be due to failures in the gate dielectric and/or the contacts. Design rules are proposed to minimize strain in transistor stacks and in transistor arrays. Finally, an overview of the present and future applications of flexible thin-film transistors is given, and the suitability of the different material classes for those applications is assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Heremans
- imec, Kapeldreef 75, B3001, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, B3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ashutosh K Tripathi
- National Center for Flexible Electronics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Albert de Jamblinne de Meux
- imec, Kapeldreef 75, B3001, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, B3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Edsger C P Smits
- Holst Center, TNO-The Dutch Organization for Applied Scientific Research, High Tech Campus 31, 5656, AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Bo Hou
- Holst Center, TNO-The Dutch Organization for Applied Scientific Research, High Tech Campus 31, 5656, AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gerwin H Gelinck
- Holst Center, TNO-The Dutch Organization for Applied Scientific Research, High Tech Campus 31, 5656, AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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73
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Santiago D, Fabregat-Sanjuan A, Ferrando F, De la Flor S. Recovery stress and work output in hyperbranched poly(ethyleneimine)-modified shape-memory epoxy polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Santiago
- Departament of Mechanical Engineering; Universitat Rovira I Virgili; Av. Països Catalans 26 Tarragona 43007 Spain
| | - Albert Fabregat-Sanjuan
- Departament of Mechanical Engineering; Universitat Rovira I Virgili; Av. Països Catalans 26 Tarragona 43007 Spain
| | - Francesc Ferrando
- Departament of Mechanical Engineering; Universitat Rovira I Virgili; Av. Països Catalans 26 Tarragona 43007 Spain
| | - Silvia De la Flor
- Departament of Mechanical Engineering; Universitat Rovira I Virgili; Av. Països Catalans 26 Tarragona 43007 Spain
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74
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Lei M, Xu B, Pei Y, Lu H, Fu YQ. Micro-mechanics of nanostructured carbon/shape memory polymer hybrid thin film. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:106-14. [PMID: 26448555 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01269d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates the mechanics of hybrid shape memory polymer polystrene (PS) based nanocomposites with skeletal structures of CNFs/MWCNTs formed inside. Experimental results showed an increase of glass transition temperature (Tg) with CNF/MWCNT concentrations instead of a decrease of Tg in nanocomposites filled by spherical particles, and an increase in mechanical properties on both macro- and μm-scales. Compared with CNFs, MWCNTs showed a better mechanical enhancement for PS nanocomposites due to their uniform distribution in the nanocomposites. In nanoindentation tests using the Berkovich tips, indentation size effects and pile-up effects appeared obviously for the nanocomposites, but not for pure PS. Experimental results revealed the enhancement mechanisms of CNFs/MWCNTs related to the secondary structures formed by nanofillers, including two aspects, i.e., filler-polymer interfacial connections and geometrical factors of nanofillers. The filler-polymer interfacial connections were strongly dependent on temperature, thus leading to the opposite changing trend of loss tangent with nanofiller concentrations, respectively, at low and high temperature. The geometrical factors of nanofillers were related to testing scales, further leading to the appearance of pile-up effects for nanocomposites in the nanoindentation tests, in which the size of indents was close to the size of the nanofiller skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Lei
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China. and Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Ben Xu
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Yutao Pei
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Advanced Production Engineering - Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Haibao Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong Qing Fu
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
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75
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Reit R, Zamorano D, Parker S, Simon D, Lund B, Voit W, Ware TH. Hydrolytically Stable Thiol-ene Networks for Flexible Bioelectronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:28673-28681. [PMID: 26650346 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b10593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydrolytically stable, tunable modulus polymer networks are demonstrated to survive harsh alkaline environments and offer promise for use in long-term implantable bioelectronic medicines known as electroceuticals. Today's polymer networks (such as polyimides or polysiloxanes) succeed in providing either stiff or soft substrates for bioelectronics devices; however, the capability to significantly tune the modulus of such materials is lacking. Within the space of materials with easily modified elastic moduli, thiol-ene copolymers are a subset of materials that offer a promising solution to build next generation flexible bioelectronics but have typically been susceptible to hydrolytic degradation chronically. In this inquiry, we demonstrate a materials space capable of tuning the substrate modulus and explore the mechanical behavior of such networks. Furthermore, we fabricate an array of microelectrodes that can withstand accelerated aging environments shown to destroy conventional flexible bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu Reit
- Department of Bioengineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and ∥Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas , 800 West Campbell Road, Mailstop RL 10, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Daniel Zamorano
- Department of Bioengineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and ∥Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas , 800 West Campbell Road, Mailstop RL 10, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Shelbi Parker
- Department of Bioengineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and ∥Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas , 800 West Campbell Road, Mailstop RL 10, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Dustin Simon
- Department of Bioengineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and ∥Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas , 800 West Campbell Road, Mailstop RL 10, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Benjamin Lund
- Department of Bioengineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and ∥Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas , 800 West Campbell Road, Mailstop RL 10, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Walter Voit
- Department of Bioengineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and ∥Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas , 800 West Campbell Road, Mailstop RL 10, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Taylor H Ware
- Department of Bioengineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and ∥Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas , 800 West Campbell Road, Mailstop RL 10, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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76
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Santiago D, De la Flor S, Ferrando F, Ramis X, Sangermano M. Thermomechanical Properties and Shape-Memory Behavior of Bisphenol A Diacrylate-Based Shape-Memory Polymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Santiago
- Departament of Mechanical Engineering; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Av. Països Catalans 26 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Silvia De la Flor
- Departament of Mechanical Engineering; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Av. Països Catalans 26 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Francesc Ferrando
- Departament of Mechanical Engineering; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Av. Països Catalans 26 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Xavier Ramis
- Thermodynamics Laboratory; Heat Engines Department; ETSEIB Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya; Av. Diagonal 647 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Marco Sangermano
- Dipartamento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia; Politecnico di Torino; C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24 10129 Turin Italy
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77
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Karnaushenko D, Münzenrieder N, Karnaushenko DD, Koch B, Meyer AK, Baunack S, Petti L, Tröster G, Makarov D, Schmidt OG. Biomimetic Microelectronics for Regenerative Neuronal Cuff Implants. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:6797-6805. [PMID: 26397039 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201503696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Smart biomimetics, a unique class of devices combining the mechanical adaptivity of soft actuators with the imperceptibility of microelectronics, is introduced. Due to their inherent ability to self-assemble, biomimetic microelectronics can firmly yet gently attach to an inorganic or biological tissue enabling enclosure of, for example, nervous fibers, or guide the growth of neuronal cells during regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil Karnaushenko
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden), 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Niko Münzenrieder
- Electronics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
- Sensor Technology Research Center, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QT, UK
| | - Dmitriy D Karnaushenko
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden), 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Britta Koch
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden), 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne K Meyer
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden), 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Baunack
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden), 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Luisa Petti
- Electronics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Tröster
- Electronics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Denys Makarov
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden), 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver G Schmidt
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden), 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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78
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Karnaushenko D, Karnaushenko DD, Makarov D, Baunack S, Schäfer R, Schmidt OG. Self-Assembled On-Chip-Integrated Giant Magneto-Impedance Sensorics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:6582-9. [PMID: 26398863 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201503127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A novel method relying on strain engineering to realize arrays of on-chip-integrated giant magneto-impedance (GMI) sensors equipped with pick-up coils is put forth. The geometrical transformation of an initially planar layout into a tubular 3D architecture stabilizes favorable azimuthal magnetic domain patterns. This work creates a solid foundation for further development of CMOS compatible GMI sensorics for magnetoencephalography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil Karnaushenko
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden), 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dmitriy D Karnaushenko
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden), 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Denys Makarov
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden), 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Baunack
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden), 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rudolf Schäfer
- Institute for Metallic Materials, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden), 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Institute for Materials Science, Dresden University of Technology, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver G Schmidt
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden), 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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79
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Wang X, Dong L, Zhang H, Yu R, Pan C, Wang ZL. Recent Progress in Electronic Skin. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2015; 2:1500169. [PMID: 27980911 PMCID: PMC5115318 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201500169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ of the human body and can sense pressure, temperature, and other complex environmental stimuli or conditions. The mimicry of human skin's sensory ability via electronics is a topic of innovative research that could find broad applications in robotics, artificial intelligence, and human-machine interfaces, all of which promote the development of electronic skin (e-skin). To imitate tactile sensing via e-skins, flexible and stretchable pressure sensor arrays are constructed based on different transduction mechanisms and structural designs. These arrays can map pressure with high resolution and rapid response beyond that of human perception. Multi-modal force sensing, temperature, and humidity detection, as well as self-healing abilities are also exploited for multi-functional e-skins. Other recent progress in this field includes the integration with high-density flexible circuits for signal processing, the combination with wireless technology for convenient sensing and energy/data transfer, and the development of self-powered e-skins. Future opportunities lie in the fabrication of highly intelligent e-skins that can sense and respond to variations in the external environment. The rapidly increasing innovations in this area will be important to the scientific community and to the future of human life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiandi Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100083 P. R. China
| | - Lin Dong
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100083 P. R. China
| | - Hanlu Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100083 P. R. China
| | - Ruomeng Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332-0245 USA
| | - Caofeng Pan
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100083 P. R. China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100083 P. R. China; School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332-0245 USA
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80
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Zhao Q, Qi HJ, Xie T. Recent progress in shape memory polymer: New behavior, enabling materials, and mechanistic understanding. Prog Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 680] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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81
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Kunugi Y, Mada A, Otsuki H, Okamoto K. Organic Field-Effect Transistors Based on Solution-Processed Single Crystal Films of Alkylphenyl Chrysene Derivatives. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20150153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihito Kunugi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tokai University
| | - Ayami Mada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tokai University
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82
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Wang H, Wang Y, Tee BCK, Kim K, Lopez J, Cai W, Bao Z. Shape-Controlled, Self-Wrapped Carbon Nanotube 3D Electronics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2015; 2:1500103. [PMID: 27980972 PMCID: PMC5115380 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201500103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical flexibility and structural softness of ultrathin devices based on organic thin films and low-dimensional nanomaterials have enabled a wide range of applications including flexible display, artificial skin, and health monitoring devices. However, both living systems and inanimate systems that are encountered in daily lives are all 3D. It is therefore desirable to either create freestanding electronics in a 3D form or to incorporate electronics onto 3D objects. Here, a technique is reported to utilize shape-memory polymers together with carbon nanotube flexible electronics to achieve this goal. Temperature-assisted shape control of these freestanding electronics in a programmable manner is demonstrated, with theoretical analysis for understanding the shape evolution. The shape control process can be executed with prepatterned heaters, desirable for 3D shape formation in an enclosed environment. The incorporation of carbon nanotube transistors, gas sensors, temperature sensors, and memory devices that are capable of self-wrapping onto any irregular shaped-objects without degradations in device performance is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiliang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University 496 Lomita Mall Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Yanming Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University 496 Lomita Mall Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Benjamin C-K Tee
- Department of Electrical Engineering Stanford University 350 Serra Mall Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Kwanpyo Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University 443 Via Ortega Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Jeffrey Lopez
- Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University 443 Via Ortega Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University 496 Lomita Mall Stanford CA 94305 USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering Stanford University 440 Escondido Mall Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University 443 Via Ortega Stanford CA 94305 USA
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83
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Kim DI, Trung TQ, Hwang BU, Kim JS, Jeon S, Bae J, Park JJ, Lee NE. A Sensor Array Using Multi-functional Field-effect Transistors with Ultrahigh Sensitivity and Precision for Bio-monitoring. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26223845 PMCID: PMC4520005 DOI: 10.1038/srep12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanically adaptive electronic skins (e-skins) emulate tactition and thermoception by cutaneous mechanoreceptors and thermoreceptors in human skin, respectively. When exposed to multiple stimuli including mechanical and thermal stimuli, discerning and quantifying precise sensing signals from sensors embedded in e-skins are critical. In addition, different detection modes for mechanical stimuli, rapidly adapting (RA) and slowly adapting (SA) mechanoreceptors in human skin are simultaneously required. Herein, we demonstrate the fabrication of a highly sensitive, pressure-responsive organic field-effect transistor (OFET) array enabling both RA- and SA- mode detection by adopting easily deformable, mechano-electrically coupled, microstructured ferroelectric gate dielectrics and an organic semiconductor channel. We also demonstrate that the OFET array can separate out thermal stimuli for thermoreception during quantification of SA-type static pressure, by decoupling the input signals of pressure and temperature. Specifically, we adopt piezoelectric-pyroelectric coupling of highly crystalline, microstructured poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) gate dielectric in OFETs with stimuli to allow monitoring of RA- and SA-mode responses to dynamic and static forcing conditions, respectively. This approach enables us to apply the sensor array to e-skins for bio-monitoring of humans and robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Il Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science &Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Tran Quang Trung
- School of Advanced Materials Science &Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Ung Hwang
- School of Advanced Materials Science &Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Su Kim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghun Jeon
- Department of Applied Physics, Korea University, Sejongro 2511, Sejong 339-700, Korea
| | - Jihyun Bae
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Corporation, Yongin, Kyunggi-do 446-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Jin Park
- School of Polymer Science &Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
| | - Nae-Eung Lee
- 1] School of Advanced Materials Science &Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea [2] SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea
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84
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Nishinaga S, Mori H, Nishihara Y. Impact of Alkyl Side Chains on Thin-film Transistor Performances in Phenanthrodithiophene–Isoindigo Copolymers. CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.150357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Nishinaga
- Division of Earth, Life, and Molecular Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
| | - Hiroki Mori
- Division of Earth, Life, and Molecular Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
| | - Yasushi Nishihara
- Division of Earth, Life, and Molecular Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, ACT-C
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85
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Santiago D, Fernández-Francos X, Ferrando F, De la Flor S. Shape-memory effect in hyperbranched poly(ethyleneimine)-modified epoxy thermosets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Santiago
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Av. Països Catalans 26 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | | | - Francesc Ferrando
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Av. Països Catalans 26 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Silvia De la Flor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Av. Països Catalans 26 43007 Tarragona Spain
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86
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Saatchi M, Behl M, Nöchel U, Lendlein A. Copolymer Networks From Oligo(ε-caprolactone) and n-Butyl Acrylate Enable a Reversible Bidirectional Shape-Memory Effect at Human Body Temperature. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 36:880-4. [PMID: 25776303 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201400729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Exploiting the tremendous potential of the recently discovered reversible bidirectional shape-memory effect (rbSME) for biomedical applications requires switching temperatures in the physiological range. The recent strategy is based on the reduction of the melting temperature range (ΔT m ) of the actuating oligo(ε-caprolactone) (OCL) domains in copolymer networks from OCL and n-butyl acrylate (BA), where the reversible effect can be adjusted to the human body temperature. In addition, it is investigated whether an rbSME in the temperature range close or even above Tm,offset (end of the melting transition) can be obtained. Two series of networks having mixtures of OCLs reveal broad ΔTm s from 2 °C to 50 °C and from -10 °C to 37 °C, respectively. In cyclic, thermomechanical experiments the rbSME can be tailored to display pronounced actuation in a temperature interval between 20 °C and 37 °C. In this way, the application spectrum of the rbSME can be extended to biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mersa Saatchi
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstraße 55, 14513, Teltow, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Tianjin University-Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Joint Laboratory for Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Kantstraße 55, 14513, Teltow, Germany
| | - Marc Behl
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstraße 55, 14513, Teltow, Germany.,Tianjin University-Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Joint Laboratory for Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Kantstraße 55, 14513, Teltow, Germany
| | - Ulrich Nöchel
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstraße 55, 14513, Teltow, Germany
| | - Andreas Lendlein
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstraße 55, 14513, Teltow, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Tianjin University-Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Joint Laboratory for Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Kantstraße 55, 14513, Teltow, Germany
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87
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Ariraman M, Sasikumar R, Alagar M. Shape memory effect on the formation of oxazoline and triazine rings of BCC/DGEBA copolymer. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10373h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of shape memory polymer by the copolymerization of 1,3-bis(4-cyanatophenyl) cyclohexane cyanate ester and DGEBA through the formation of oxazoline and triazine ring without using any external flexibilizer/plasticizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathivathanan Ariraman
- Polymer Composites Lab
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- A.C.Tech
- Anna University
- Chennai-600 025
| | - Ramachandran Sasikumar
- Polymer Composites Lab
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- A.C.Tech
- Anna University
- Chennai-600 025
| | - Muthukaruppan Alagar
- Polymer Composites Lab
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- A.C.Tech
- Anna University
- Chennai-600 025
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88
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O'Connor TF, Rajan KM, Printz AD, Lipomi DJ. Toward organic electronics with properties inspired by biological tissue. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:4947-4952. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00173k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The carbon framework common to both organic semiconductors and biological structures suggests that these two classes of materials should be easily integrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kirtana M. Rajan
- Department of NanoEngineering
- University of California
- La Jolla
- USA
| | - Adam D. Printz
- Department of NanoEngineering
- University of California
- La Jolla
- USA
| | - Darren J. Lipomi
- Department of NanoEngineering
- University of California
- La Jolla
- USA
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89
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Lanzani G. Materials for bioelectronics: organic electronics meets biology. NATURE MATERIALS 2014; 13:775-6. [PMID: 24952749 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmo Lanzani
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Giovanni Pascoli, 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
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