51
|
Pareras G, Simon S, Poater A, Solà M. Successive Diels-Alder Cycloadditions of Cyclopentadiene to [10]CPP⊃C 60: A Computational Study. J Org Chem 2022; 87:5149-5157. [PMID: 35319187 PMCID: PMC9016765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c03116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Fullerenes have potential
applications in many fields. To reach
their full potential, fullerenes have to be functionalized. One of
the most common reactions used to functionalize fullerenes is the
Diels–Alder cycloaddition. In this case, it is important to
control the regioselectivity of the cycloaddition during the formation
of higher adducts. In C60, successive Diels–Alder
cycloadditions lead to the Th-symmetric
hexakisadduct. In this work, we explore computationally using density
functional theory (DFT) how the presence of a [10]cycloparaphenylene
ring encapsulating C60 ([10]CPP⊃C60)
affects the regioselectivity of multiple additions to C60. Our results show that the presence of the [10]CPP ring changes
the preferred sites of cycloaddition compared to free C60 and leads to the formation of the tetrakisadduct. Somewhat surprisingly,
our calculations predict formation of this particular tetrakisadduct
to be more favored in [10]CPP⊃C60 than in free C60.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Pareras
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.,School of Chemistry, University College Cork, College Road, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
| | - Sílvia Simon
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Nogami J, Nagashima Y, Sugiyama H, Miyamoto K, Tanaka Y, Uekusa H, Muranaka A, Uchiyama M, Tanaka K. Synthesis of Cyclophenacene‐ and Chiral‐Type Cyclophenylene‐Naphthylene Belts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juntaro Nogami
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Yuki Nagashima
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | | | - Kazunori Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Yusuke Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Hidehiro Uekusa
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Atsuya Muranaka
- Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR) RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Chen XW, Chu KS, Wei RJ, Qiu ZL, Tang C, Tan YZ. Phenylene segments of zigzag carbon nanotubes synthesized by metal-mediated dimerization. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1636-1640. [PMID: 35282620 PMCID: PMC8826628 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05459g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Well-studied cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) correspond to the simplest segments of armchair CNTs, whereas the corresponding macrocyclic oligophenylene strip of zigzag CNTs is still missing. Herein, we present two series of conjugated macrocycles (CM2PP and CN2PP) containing two meta-phenylene or 2,7-naphthylene units facing each other in the strip. CM2PP and CN2PP can be regarded as the shortest cyclic primitive segments of zigzag CNTs. They were synthesized by gold-mediated dimerization and unambiguously characterized. They adopted the tubular structures and can further pack into one-dimensional supramolecular nanotubes. In particular, the supramolecular nanotube of CM2P4P mimics the CNT(9, 0) structure. Structural analysis and theoretical calculation accounted for the reduced ring strain in CM2PPs and CN2PPs. CM2PPs and CN2PPs exhibited a large optical extinction coefficient and high photoluminescence quantum yield. CN2P8P can accommodate fullerene C60, forming a Saturn-like C60@CN2P8P complex, a mimic structure of zigzag CNT peapods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Wen Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Ke-Shan Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Rong-Jing Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Zhen-Lin Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Chun Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Yuan-Zhi Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Zhan L, Dai C, Zhang G, Zhu J, Zhang S, Wang H, Zeng Y, Tung C, Wu L, Cong H. A Conjugated Figure‐of‐Eight Oligoparaphenylene Nanohoop with Adaptive Cavities Derived from Cyclooctatetrathiophene Core. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Chenshu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Guohui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Shaoguang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Hua Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials Henan University Kaifeng 475004 China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Chen‐Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Li‐Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Huan Cong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Wössner JS, Kohn J, Wassy D, Hermann M, Grimme S, Esser B. Increased Antiaromaticity through Pentalene Connection in [ n]Cyclo-1,5-dibenzopentalenes. Org Lett 2022; 24:983-988. [PMID: 35029397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated nanohoops incorporating nonalternant hydrocarbons have altered optoelectronic properties compared to [n]cycloparaphenylenes or other purely aromatic hoops. We synthesized [n]cyclo-1,5-dibenzopentalenes (n = 4, 5), in which nonalternant dibenzo[a,e]pentalenes are connected through their pentalene units. This leads to an increase in antiaromatic character and low-lying LUMO energies. Calculations show puckered or entangled conformations of the precursor macrocyclic Pt-complexes. Our study proves dibenzopentalene as a versatile nonalternant building block for conjugated nanohoops with modifiable antiaromaticity and optoelectronic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan S Wössner
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Kohn
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry (MCTC), University of Bonn, Beringstraße 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel Wassy
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Hermann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry (MCTC), University of Bonn, Beringstraße 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Birgit Esser
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Esser B, Wössner JS, Hermann M. Conjugated Nanohoops with Dibenzo[a,e]pentalenes as Non-alternant and Antiaromatic π-Systems. Synlett 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1740-7139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated nanohoops are excellent candidates to study structure-property relationships, as optoelectronic materials and as hosts for supramolecular chemistry. While carbon nanohoops containing aromatics are well studied, antiaromatic units had not been incorporated until recently by our group using dibenzo[a,e]pentalene (DBP). The non-alternant electronic character of the DBP units significantly influences the optoelectronic properties of such nanohoops. We herein summarize our synthetic strategies to DBP-containing nanohoops, their structural and electronic properties, chirality and host-guest chemistry. We demonstrate how incorporating antiaromatic units leads to unique properties and opens new synthetic avenues, making such nanohoops attractive as potential electronic materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Esser
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Jan S Wössner
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Mathias Hermann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Bold K, Stolte M, Shoyama K, Holzapfel M, Schmiedel A, Lambert C, Würthner F. Macrocyclic Donor–Acceptor Dyads Composed of a Perylene Bisimide Dye Surrounded by Oligothiophene Bridges. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Bold
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Matthias Stolte
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) Universität Würzburg Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Kazutaka Shoyama
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Marco Holzapfel
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Alexander Schmiedel
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) Universität Würzburg Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) Universität Würzburg Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Bold K, Stolte M, Shoyama K, Holzapfel M, Schmiedel A, Lambert C, Würthner F. Macrocyclic Donor-Acceptor Dyads Composed of a Perylene Bisimide Dye Surrounded by Oligothiophene Bridges. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202113598. [PMID: 34669254 PMCID: PMC9299635 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Two macrocyclic architectures comprising oligothiophene strands that connect the imide positions of a perylene bisimide (PBI) dye have been synthesized via a platinum‐mediated cross‐coupling strategy. The crystal structure of the double bridged PBI reveals all syn‐arranged thiophene units that completely enclose the planar PBI chromophore via a 12‐membered macrocycle. The target structures were characterized by steady‐state UV/Vis absorption, fluorescence and transient absorption spectroscopy, as well as cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry. Both donor–acceptor dyads show ultrafast Förster Resonance Energy Transfer and photoinduced electron transfer, thereby leading to extremely low fluorescence quantum yields even in the lowest polarity cyclohexane solvent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Bold
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Stolte
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kazutaka Shoyama
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marco Holzapfel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Schmiedel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Huijun Z, Jianbin L. Syntheses and Properties of Heteroatom-Doped Conjugated Nanohoops. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202205006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
60
|
He H, Li JA, Zhang Y, Idrees S, Cai J, Li Y, Osuka A, Xu B, Jiang HW. Synthesis, Structures and Fluorescence Properties of gem-Linked Cyclic Tetraphenylethylenes and Cyclic hexaphenylethylenes. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00395c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rigid cyclic molecules are of great interest due to their intriguing structures and unique properties. Here, we report the facile synthesis of gem-linked cyclic tetraphenylethylenes and cyclic hexaphenylethylenes, namely [n]CTPEs...
Collapse
|
61
|
Chen H, Shao M, Li H, Liu H, Wei WM, Zheng RH, Song M, Liu R, Lu D. Modular synthesis, racemization pathway, and photophysical properties of asymmetrically substituted cycloparaphenylenes. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj03166c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The racemization pathways of asymmetrically substituted cycloparaphenylenes analysed by transition-state calculations (TS) revealed size-dependent rotation barriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, P. R. China
| | - Mengqi Shao
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, P. R. China
| | - Huajun Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, P. R. China
| | - Hengxin Liu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Mei Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, P. R. China
| | - Ren-Hui Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Mengmeng Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, P. R. China
| | - Rui Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, P. R. China
| | - Dapeng Lu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Sato H, Suizu R, Kato T, Yagi A, Segawa Y, Awaga K, Itami K. N-doped nonalternant aromatic belt via a six-fold annulative double N-arylation. Chem Sci 2022; 13:9947-9951. [PMID: 36128250 PMCID: PMC9430306 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02647c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The design and synthesis of nitrogen (N)-doped molecular nanocarbons are of importance since N-doped nanocarbons have received significant attention in materials science. Herein, we report the synthesis and X-ray crystal structure of a nitrogen-inserted nonalternant aromatic belt. The palladium-catalyzed six-fold annulative double N-arylation provided an aromatic belt bearing six nitrogen atoms in one step from cyclo[6]paraphenylene-Z-ethenylene, the precursor of the (6,6)carbon nanobelt. The C3i-symmetric structure of the aromatic belt in the solid state was revealed using X-ray crystallography. The multistep (electro)chemical oxidation behavior of the belt, which was facilitated by the six p-methoxyaniline moieties, was studied, and a stable dication species was successfully identified by X-ray crystallography. The present study not only shows the unique structure and properties of the N-doped nonalternant aromatic belt but also expands the scope of accessibility of synthetically difficult belt molecules by the conventional intramolecular contraction pathway. Nitrogen-doped nonalternant aromatic belt was synthesized via palladium-catalyzed six-fold annulative double N-arylation reaction. The highly symmetric structure and multistep oxidation behavior of the N-belt were confirmed.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Sato
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Rie Suizu
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kato
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Akiko Yagi
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Segawa
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Structural Molecular Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Nagoya University, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kunio Awaga
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
- Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Nagoya University, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
- Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Zeng Q, Long Q, Lu J, Wang L, You Y, Yuan X, Zhang Q, Ge Q, Cong H, Liu M. Synthesis of a novel aminobenzene-containing hemicucurbituril and its fluorescence spectral properties with ions. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:2840-2847. [PMID: 34956406 PMCID: PMC8685562 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel hemicucurbituril-based macrocycle, alternately consisting of amidobenzene and 2-imidazolidione moieties was designed and synthesized. Based on the fragment coupling strategy, nitrobenzene-containing hemicucurbituril was firstly prepared facilely under alkaline environment, and reduction of the nitro groups produced the desired amidobenzene-containing hemicucurbituril. As an original fluorescent chemosensor, it exhibited strong interactions with Fe3+ over other metal cations. The experimental evidence of fluorescence spectra suggested that a 1:1 complex was formed between this macrocycle and Fe3+ with an association constant up to (2.1 ± 0.3) × 104 M−1. Meanwhile, this macrocycle showed no obvious or only slight enhancement of the fluorescence intensity with selected anions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingkai Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China
| | - Qiumeng Long
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China
| | - Jihong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China
| | - Yuting You
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China
| | - Xiaoting Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China
| | - Qianjun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China
| | - Qingmei Ge
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China
| | - Hang Cong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China
| | - Mao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Li R, Ma B, He RY, Zhang B, Zhang YK, Feng SY, An P. Azepine- or Oxepine-embedded Double Saddle-Helix Nanographenes. Chem Asian J 2021; 17:e202101365. [PMID: 34904381 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202101365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The azepine- and oxepine-embedded polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) 1-3, as the hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC)-based nanographenes (NG) were designed and synthesized by Diels-Alder reaction of cyclic alkene with tetrachlorothiophene-S,S-dioxide, followed by Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling and Scholl-type cyclodehydrogenation. Due to the strained seven-membered ring and the inherent structural pattern, heteroatom-doped NGs 1-3 show Cs symmetrical, double saddle-helix hybrid conformation, which represents a new shape for HBC based nanographenes. The calculation studies reveal the low aromaticity of the 8π heterocycles themselves and the heterocycles also decrease the electron delocalization of benzenes surrounding them. Dynamics-based calculation suggests the Cs symmetry would maintain druing the saddle-inversion process. Meanwhile, we show property perturbation by doping with different heteroatoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Li
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Ynunan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Bin Ma
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Ynunan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Run-Ying He
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Ynunan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Ynunan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Kang Zhang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Ynunan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Yu Feng
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Ynunan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Peng An
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Ynunan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Takagi K, Miyamoto D, Yamaguchi H, Azumaya I. Toward the synthesis of a belt-shaped cyclic π-conjugated system comprising para-phenylene framework and amide bridging unit. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20210340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Takagi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
| | - Daiki Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
| | - Hinako Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
| | - Isao Azumaya
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Zhan L, Dai C, Zhang G, Zhu J, Zhang S, Wang H, Zeng Y, Tung CH, Wu LZ, Cong H. A Conjugated Figure-of-Eight Oligoparaphenylene Nanohoop with Adaptive Cavities Derived from Cyclooctatetrathiophene Core. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202113334. [PMID: 34817926 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A fully conjugated figure-of-eight nanohoop is presented with facile synthesis. The molecule's lemniscular skeleton features the combination of two strained oligoparaphenylene loops and a flexible cyclooctatetrathiophene core. Its rigid yet guest-adaptive cavities enable the formation of the peanut-like 1:2 host-guest complexes with C60 or C70 , which have been confirmed by X-ray crystallography and characterized in solution. Further computational studies suggest notable geometric variations and non-covalent interactions of the cavities upon binding with different fullerenes, as well as overall conjugation comparable to cycloparaphenylenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chenshu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Guohui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Shaoguang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Huan Cong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Wang J, Zhang X, Jia H, Wang S, Du P. Large π-Extended and Curved Carbon Nanorings as Carbon Nanotube Segments. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:4178-4190. [PMID: 34713698 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusDesigning and synthesizing topologically unique molecules is a long-term challenge for synthetic chemists. Classical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a large group of π-conjugated planar organic compounds with rich photophysical and electronic properties, while nonplanar/curved PAHs have different molecular orbital arrangements and demonstrate unique properties. The chemistry of curved aromatic molecules has been of significant interest to explore the relationship between π conjugation and molecular geometry, which offers an attractive combination of fundamental problems, potential applications, and aesthetic appeal. Remarkable advances have been made in the last few decades during the discovery of novel curved aromatic molecules, including corannulenes, fullerenes, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Especially, there has been increasing interest in making single-chirality CNTs and their curved molecular components (known as finite segments of CNTs) with a fixed geometry. The most representative examples of such organic molecules are cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) and related carbon nanorings, which possess cylindrical topologies and nanoscale conjugated segments similar to CNTs. CPPs, as the shortest cross-section and the simplest structure of armchair CNTs, have been synthetically accessible since 2008. Recent years have witnessed breakthroughs and rapid development in the synthesis of CPP-based nanorings as well as their derived molecules. In these molecules, the distortion from aromatic planarity can induce radially oriented π systems and further affect their electronic, optical, self-assembly, and charge-transport characteristics. These unique and interesting carbon nanorings are potentially useful in a variety of optoelectronic and biomedical materials. It is well-known that extension of the π-conjugated system facilitates the delocalization of π electrons and the redistribution of electronic clouds, leading to rich diversification of physical properties in the fields of electronics, optics, and supramolecular chemistry. Therefore, the precise design and controllable synthesis of carbon nanorings with large π conjugation will promote important advances in synthetic chemistry. To date, a number of π-extended carbon nanorings have been reported, and they exhibit novel physicochemical properties resulting from their fascinating topologies and structures. However, challenges still remain in the synthesis of π-extended carbon nanorings and their structural analogues and exploration of their unique properties.In this Account, we give a brief overview of our efforts to synthesize large π-extended carbon nanorings using different strategies and explore their novel applications. In 2013 we started our research on the synthesis of carbon nanorings with large π-conjugated structures. This research project has led to (i) the successful preparation of a series of carbon nanorings with inserted PAHs, especially with various nanographenes inserted, such as hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene; (ii) the design and synthesis of a series of carbon nanorings consisting solely of PAHs; and (iii) the initial synthesis of π-extended carbon-nanoring-based polymers as the long polymeric segments of CNTs, in which macrocyclic CPPs as the basic repeating blocks were covalently coupled together. Herein we describe in detail how these challenging π-extended carbon nanorings were synthesized, and their interesting physical properties are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Hongxing Jia
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shengda Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Pingwu Du
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Dumele O, Grabicki N. Confining the Inner Space of Strained Carbon Nanorings. Synlett 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1719853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractStrained aromatic macrocycles based on cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) are the shortest repeating units of armchair single-walled carbon nanotubes. Since the development of several new synthetic methodologies for accessing these structures, their properties have been extensively studied. Besides the fundamental interest in these novel molecular scaffolds, their application in the field of materials science is an ongoing topic of research. Most of the reported CPP-type macrocycles display strong binding toward fullerenes, due to the perfect match between the convex and concave π-surfaces of fullerenes and CPPs, respectively. Highly functionalized CPP derivatives capable of supramolecular binding with other molecules are rarely reported. The synthesis of highly functionalized [n]cyclo-2,7-pyrenylenes leads to CPP-type macrocycles with a defined cavity capable of binding non-fullerene guests with high association constants.
Collapse
|
69
|
Yang Y, Juríček M. Fullerene Wires Assembled Inside Carbon Nanohoops. Chempluschem 2021; 87:e202100468. [PMID: 34825520 PMCID: PMC9298906 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-nanohoop structures featuring one or more round-shaped cavities represent ideal supramolecular hosts for spherical fullerenes, with potential to form host-guest complexes that perform as organic semiconductors in the solid state. Due to the tight complexation between the shape-complementary hosts and guests, carbon nanohoops have the potential to shield fullerenes from water and oxygen, known to perturb the electron-transport process. Many nanohoop receptors have been found to form host-guest complexes with fullerenes. However, there is only a little or no control over the long-range order of encapsulated fullerenes in the solid state. Consequently, the potential of these complexes to perform as organic semiconductors is rarely evaluated. Herein, we present a survey of all known nanohoop-fullerene complexes, for which the solid-state structures were obtained. We discuss and propose instances where the inclusion fullerene guests form discrete supramolecular wires, which might open up possibilities for their use in electronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Michal Juríček
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057ZurichSwitzerland
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Wössner JS, Wassy D, Weber A, Bovenkerk M, Hermann M, Schmidt M, Esser B. [ n]Cyclodibenzopentalenes as Antiaromatic Curved Nanocarbons with High Strain and Strong Fullerene Binding. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:12244-12252. [PMID: 34324813 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated nanohoops provide a platform to study structure-property relationships; they are attractive hosts for supramolecular chemistry as well as promising candidates as new organic materials. We herein present [n]cyclodibenzopentalenes ([n]CDBPs) as antiaromatic analogues of [n]cycloparaphenylenes. Platinum-mediated macrocyclization of dibenzopentalene boronic esters provided the trimer and tetramer with strain energies of up to 80 kcal mol-1. In the solid state, the cylindrical [4]CDBP molecules align to form columnar structures. The larger hoop [4]CDBP binds both fullerenes C60 and C70 with temperature-dependent exchange behavior, providing higher activation energies for the exchange compared to [10]CPP. The antiaromatic character of the [n]CDBPs paired with the cyclic conjugation leads to high HOMO energies and lowered LUMO energies with band gaps below 2 eV. This work presents a new class of the antiaromatic and nonalternant curved nanocarbons with intriguing supramolecular and ambipolar optoelectronic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan S Wössner
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Wassy
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andrej Weber
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Bovenkerk
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Hermann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Schmidt
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Esser
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Kȯhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Wassy D, Hermann M, Wössner JS, Frédéric L, Pieters G, Esser B. Enantiopure nanohoops through racemic resolution of diketo[ n]CPPs by chiral derivatization as precursors to DBP[ n]CPPs. Chem Sci 2021; 12:10150-10158. [PMID: 34377404 PMCID: PMC8336472 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02718b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Strained conjugated nanohoops are attractive synthetic targets due to the bending of their π-system, which leads to intriguing optoelectronic properties, among others. By incorporating non-mirror-symmetric aromatic panels, chiral nanohoops can be obtained. We herein present a strategy to enantiopure nanohoops by racemic resolution through chiral derivatization of diketone-embedded hoops. The resulting diketo[n]CPPs (n = 6, 7) contain two stereogenic carbon atoms each and possess high fluorescence quantum yields paired with circularly polarized luminescence. These are versatile precursors to chiral dibenzo[a,e]pentalene-based nanohoops DBP[n]CPPs with antiaromatic character and ambipolar electrochemical behavior. Due to their strained structures the DBP[n]CPPs do not racemize at room temperature, which is supported by high calculated isomerization barriers. X-ray crystallographic investigations on the DBP[n]CPPs and their precursors as well as DFT calculations provide insight into the build-up of strain energy during the synthetic transformations. Racemic resolution of diketone-embedded cycloparaphenylenes by derivatization with a chiral auxiliary provides scalable access to enantiopure hoops with chiroptical properties.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wassy
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg Germany https://www.esser-lab.uni-freiburg.de
| | - Mathias Hermann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg Germany https://www.esser-lab.uni-freiburg.de
| | - Jan S Wössner
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg Germany https://www.esser-lab.uni-freiburg.de
| | - Lucas Frédéric
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Grégory Pieters
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Birgit Esser
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg Germany https://www.esser-lab.uni-freiburg.de.,Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Str. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany.,Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Guo QH, Qiu Y, Wang MX, Fraser Stoddart J. Aromatic hydrocarbon belts. Nat Chem 2021; 13:402-419. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00671-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
73
|
Hermann M, Wassy D, Kohn J, Seitz P, Betschart MU, Grimme S, Esser B. Chiral Dibenzopentalene-Based Conjugated Nanohoops through Stereoselective Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:10680-10689. [PMID: 33596338 PMCID: PMC8252646 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated nanohoops allow to investigate the effect of radial conjugation and bending on the involved π-systems. They can possess unexpected optoelectronic properties and their radially oriented π-system makes them attractive for host-guest chemistry. Bending the π-subsystems can lead to chiral hoops. Herein, we report the stereoselective synthesis of two enantiomers of chiral conjugated nanohoops by incorporating dibenzo[a,e]pentalenes (DBPs), which are generated in the last synthetic step from enantiomerically pure diketone precursors. Owing to its bent shape, this diketone unit was used as the only bent precursor and novel "corner unit" in the synthesis of the hoops. The [6]DBP[4]Ph-hoops contain six antiaromatic DBP units and four bridging phenylene groups. The small HOMO-LUMO gap and ambipolar electrochemical character of the DBP units is reflected in the optoelectronic properties of the hoop. Electronic circular dichroism spectra and MD simulations showed that the chiral hoop did not racemize even when heated to 110 °C. Due to its large diameter, it was able to accommodate two C60 molecules, as binding studies indicate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Hermann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Wassy
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Kohn
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Philipp Seitz
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin U Betschart
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Wissenschaften, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 25, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Birgit Esser
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Hermann M, Böttcher T, Schorpp M, Richert S, Wassy D, Krossing I, Esser B. Cations and Anions of Dibenzo[a,e]pentalene and Reduction of a Dibenzo[a,e]pentalenophane. Chemistry 2021; 27:4964-4970. [PMID: 33443300 PMCID: PMC7986162 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dibenzo[a,e]pentalene (DBP) is a non-alternant conjugated hydrocarbon with antiaromatic character and ambipolar electrochemical behavior. Upon both reduction and oxidation, it becomes aromatic. We herein study the chemical oxidation and reduction of a planar DBP derivative and a bent DBP-phane. The molecular structures of its planar dication, cation radical and anion radical in the solid state demonstrate the gained aromaticity through bond length equalization, which is supported by nucleus independent chemical shift-calculations. EPR spectra on the cation radical confirm the spin delocalization over the DBP framework. A similar delocalization was not possible in the reduced bent DBP-phane, which stabilized itself by proton abstraction from a solvent molecule upon reduction. This is the first report on structures of a DBP cation radical and dication in the solid state and of a reduced bent DBP derivative. Our study provides valuable insight into the charged species of DBP for its application as semiconductor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Hermann
- Institute for Organic ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstraße 2179104FreiburgGermany
| | - Tobias Böttcher
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstraße 2179104FreiburgGermany
| | - Marcel Schorpp
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstraße 2179104FreiburgGermany
| | - Sabine Richert
- Institute of Physical ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstraße 2179104FreiburgGermany
| | - Daniel Wassy
- Institute for Organic ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstraße 2179104FreiburgGermany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstraße 2179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Materials Research CenterUniversity of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Str. 2179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired TechnologiesUniversity of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
| | - Birgit Esser
- Institute for Organic ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstraße 2179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Materials Research CenterUniversity of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Str. 2179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired TechnologiesUniversity of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Ayub R, El Bakouri O, Smith JR, Jorner K, Ottosson H. Triplet State Baird Aromaticity in Macrocycles: Scope, Limitations, and Complications. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:570-584. [PMID: 33427474 PMCID: PMC7884009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c08926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aromaticity of cyclic 4nπ-electron molecules in their first ππ* triplet state (T1), labeled Baird aromaticity, has gained growing attention in the past decade. Here we explore computationally the limitations of T1 state Baird aromaticity in macrocyclic compounds, [n]CM's, which are cyclic oligomers of four different monocycles (M = p-phenylene (PP), 2,5-linked furan (FU), 1,4-linked cyclohexa-1,3-diene (CHD), and 1,4-linked cyclopentadiene (CPD)). We strive for conclusions that are general for various DFT functionals, although for macrocycles with up to 20 π-electrons in their main conjugation paths we find that for their T1 states single-point energies at both canonical UCCSD(T) and approximative DLPNO-UCCSD(T) levels are lowest when based on UB3LYP over UM06-2X and UCAM-B3LYP geometries. This finding is in contrast to what has earlier been observed for the electronic ground state of expanded porphyrins. Yet, irrespective of functional, macrocycles with 2,5-linked furans ([n]CFU's) retain Baird aromaticity until larger n than those composed of the other three monocycles. Also, when based on geometric, electronic and energetic aspects of aromaticity, a 3[n]CFU with a specific n is more strongly Baird-aromatic than the analogous 3[n]CPP while the magnetic indices tell the opposite. To construct large T1 state Baird-aromatic [n]CM's, the design should be such that the T1 state Baird aromaticity of the macrocyclic perimeter dominates over a situation with local closed-shell Hückel aromaticity of one or a few monocycles and semilocalized triplet diradical character. Monomers with lower Hückel aromaticity in S0 than benzene (e.g., furan) that do not impose steric congestion are preferred. Structural confinement imposed by, e.g., methylene bridges is also an approach to larger Baird-aromatic macrocycles. Finally, by using the Zilberg-Haas description of T1 state aromaticity, we reveal the analogy to the Hückel aromaticity of the corresponding closed-shell dications yet observe stronger Hückel aromaticity in the macrocyclic dications than Baird aromaticity in the T1 states of the neutral macrocycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Ayub
- Department
of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ouissam El Bakouri
- Department
of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joshua R. Smith
- Department
of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department
of Chemistry, Humboldt State University, One Harpst Street, Arcata, California 95521, United States
| | - Kjell Jorner
- Department
of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrik Ottosson
- Department
of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Konishi A, Yasuda M. Breathing New Life into Nonalternant Hydrocarbon Chemistry: Syntheses and Properties of Polycyclic Hydrocarbons Containing Azulene, Pentalene, and Heptalene Frameworks. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Konishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Yasuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Mao L, Zhou M, Niu YF, Zhao XL, Shi X. Aryl carbazole-based macrocycles: synthesis, their remarkably stable radical cations and host–guest complexation with fullerenes. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00686j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we have designed and synthesized a series of aryl carbazole-based macrocycles and their stable radical cation species and interesting fullerene recognition were systematically investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Manfei Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Fei Niu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Li Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xueliang Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Lu YB, Kanehashi S, Minegishi K, Wang SP, Cheng J, Ogino K, Li S. One-pot synthesis of conjugated triphenylamine macrocycles and their complexation with fullerenes. RSC Adv 2021; 11:33431-33437. [PMID: 35497513 PMCID: PMC9042278 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06200j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Triphenylamine derivates have been utilized as building blocks in hole-transporting materials. Herein, we describe the synthesis of three octyl-derived conjugated triphenylamine macrocycles with different sizes, and a 4-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-substituted cyclic triphenylamine hexamer using a palladium-catalyzed C–N coupling reaction. These conjugated triphenylamine macrocycles not only have interesting structures, but also are capable of complexing with C60, C70 and PC61BM. Their binding stoichiometries with fullerenes were all determined to be 1 : 1 by an emission titration method. The association constants of these complexes were measured to be in the range of 0.115–1.53 × 105 M−1 depending on the cavity size of the triphenylamine macrocycles and the volume of the fullerenes. The space-charge-limited current properties of the complexes were further investigated using the fabricated ITO/PEDOT:PSS/active layer/Au devices. Cyclic triphenylamine (TPA) oligomers synthesized by C–N coupling were found to be capable of complexing with fullerenes, and the applications in optoelectronic devices were investigated by using the fabricated ITO/PEDOT:PSS/active layer/Au devices.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Bo Lu
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Shinji Kanehashi
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Kazushi Minegishi
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Shu-Ping Wang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Kenji Ogino
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Shijun Li
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Hossain MM, Mirzaei MS, Lindeman SV, Mirzaei S, Rathore R. π-Extended dibenzo[ g, p]chrysenes. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00068c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Two different series of π-extended dibenzo[g,p]chrysenes are synthesized. The experimental and DFT data showed the significant effects of both position and substituent on the optoelectronic and charge delocalization behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Saeed Mirzaei
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Razi University
- Kermanshah
- Iran
| | | | - Saber Mirzaei
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
80
|
Watanabe K, Segawa Y, Itami K. A theoretical study on the strain energy of helicene-containing carbon nanobelts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:15044-15047. [PMID: 33196074 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06373h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the theoretical analysis of the strain energy of helicene-containing carbon nanobelts is reported. It was found that the combined method of linear regression analysis and suitable homodesmotic reactions can successfully estimate the strain energies of various helicene-containing carbon nanobelts including previously synthesized chiral (18,12) carbon nanobelts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Watanabe
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|