51
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Miller RT. Risk Assessment for Hepatobiliary Toxicity Liabilities in Drug Development. Toxicol Pathol 2023; 51:432-436. [PMID: 38243687 DOI: 10.1177/01926233231223751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Risk assessment of hepatobiliary toxicities represents one of the greatest challenges and, more often than not, one of the most rewarding activities in which toxicologic pathologists can partake, and often times lead. This is in part because each liver toxicity picture is a bit different, informed by a broad range and diversity of relevant data, and also in part because the heavily relied upon animal models are imperfect regarding predictivity of hepatic effects in humans. Following identification and characterization of a hepatotoxicity hazard, typically in nonclinical toxicology studies, a holistic and integrated assessment of liver-relevant endpoints is conducted that typically incorporates ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) information (ideally, including extensive transporter data, exposure margins, and possibly concentration of parent/metabolite at region of injury), target expression/function, in silico prediction data, in vitro hepatocyte data, liver/circulating biomarkers, and importantly, species specificity of any of these data. Of course, a thorough understanding, developed in close partnership with clinical colleagues, of the anticipated liver disease status of intended patient populations is paramount to hepatic risk assessment. This is particularly important since the likelihood of translatable determinant hepatic events observed in nonclinical models to occur in humans has been reasonably well established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard T Miller
- Apex Drug Discovery and Innovation Strategies, Apex, North Carolina, USA
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52
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Dean AE, Jungwirth E, Panzitt K, Wagner M, Anakk S. Hepatic farnesoid X receptor is necessary to facilitate ductular reaction and expression of heme biosynthetic genes. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0213. [PMID: 37695073 PMCID: PMC10497251 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bile, which contains bile acids, the natural ligands for farnesoid x receptor (FXR), moves from the liver to the intestine through bile ducts. Ductular reaction often occurs during biliary obstruction. A subset of patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria, an inherited genetic mutation in heme biosynthetic enzyme ferrochelatase, accumulate porphyrin-containing bile plugs, leading to cholestasis. Here, we examined the link between FXR, bile plug formation, and how heme biosynthesis relates to this connection. METHODS We treated female and male wild-type and global and tissue-specific Fxr knockout mice with a diet containing 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine, an inhibitor of ferrochelatase, and examined the expression of heme biosynthetic genes. We mined FXR mouse ChIP-Seq data, performed biochemical and histological analysis, and tested HepG2 and primary human hepatocytes after treatment with obeticholic acid, an FXR agonist. RESULTS We observed that hepatic but not intestinal Fxr loss resulted in reduced bile plugs and ductular reaction in the liver. Then, we examined if FXR plays a regulatory role in heme biosynthesis and found significantly lower porphyrin accumulation in 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1, 4-dihydrocollidine-fed Fxr knockout mice. Gene expression and FXR mouse ChIP-Seq atlas analysis revealed that FXR orchestrates the expression of multiple heme biosynthetic enzymes. Finally, human HepG2 cells and primary human hepatocytes treated with obeticholic acid, showed increased expression of several heme biosynthetic genes. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our data show that hepatic Fxr is necessary to maintain ductular reaction and accumulation of bile plugs. FXR can direct the expression of multiple heme biosynthetic genes. Thus, modulating FXR activity in EPP patients may help alleviate its associated liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela E. Dean
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Emilian Jungwirth
- Research Unit for Translational Nuclear Receptor Research, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Katrin Panzitt
- Research Unit for Translational Nuclear Receptor Research, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Wagner
- Research Unit for Translational Nuclear Receptor Research, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sayeepriyadarshini Anakk
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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53
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Kasper P, Lang S, Steffen HM, Demir M. Management of alcoholic hepatitis: A clinical perspective. Liver Int 2023; 43:2078-2095. [PMID: 37605624 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease is the primary cause of liver-related mortality worldwide and one of the most common indications for liver transplantation. Alcoholic hepatitis represents the most acute and severe manifestation of alcohol-associated liver disease and is characterized by a rapid onset of jaundice with progressive inflammatory liver injury, worsening of portal hypertension, and an increased risk for multiorgan failure in patients with excessive alcohol consumption. Severe alcoholic hepatitis is associated with a poor prognosis and high short-term mortality. During the COVID-19 pandemic, rates of alcohol-associated hepatitis have increased significantly, underscoring that it is a serious and growing health problem. However, adequate management of alcohol-associated hepatitis and its complications in everyday clinical practice remains a major challenge. Currently, pharmacotherapy is limited to corticosteroids, although these have only a moderate effect on reducing short-term mortality. In recent years, translational studies deciphering key mechanisms of disease development and progression have led to important advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of alcoholic hepatitis. Emerging pathophysiology-based therapeutic approaches include anti-inflammatory agents, modifications of the gut-liver axis and intestinal dysbiosis, epigenetic modulation, antioxidants, and drugs targeting liver regeneration. Concurrently, evidence is increasing that early liver transplantation is a safe treatment option with important survival benefits in selected patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis not responding to medical treatment. This narrative review describes current pathophysiology and management concepts of alcoholic hepatitis, provides an update on emerging treatment options, and focuses on the need for holistic and patient-centred treatment approaches to improve prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Kasper
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sonja Lang
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hans-Michael Steffen
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Münevver Demir
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK) and Campus Charité Mitte (CCM), Berlin, Germany
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54
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Cai P, Ni R, Lv M, Liu H, Zhao J, He J, Luo L. VEGF signaling governs the initiation of biliary-mediated liver regeneration through the PI3K-mTORC1 axis. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113028. [PMID: 37632748 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Biliary epithelial cells (BECs) are a potential source to repair the damaged liver when hepatocyte proliferation is compromised. Promotion of BEC-to-hepatocyte transdifferentiation could be beneficial to the clinical therapeutics of patients with end-stage liver diseases. However, mechanisms underlying the initiation of BEC transdifferentiation remain largely unknown. Here, we show that upon extreme hepatocyte injury, vegfaa and vegfr2/kdrl are notably induced in hepatic stellate cells and BECs, respectively. Pharmacological and genetic inactivation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling would disrupt BEC dedifferentiation and proliferation, thus restraining hepatocyte regeneration. Mechanically, VEGF signaling regulates the activation of the PI3K-mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) axis, which is essential for BEC-to-hepatocyte transdifferentiation. In mice, VEGF signaling exerts conserved roles in oval cell activation and BEC-to-hepatocyte differentiation. Taken together, this study shows VEGF signaling as an initiator of biliary-mediated liver regeneration through activating the PI3K-mTORC1 axis. Modulation of VEGF signaling in BECs could be a therapeutic approach for patients with end-stage liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Cai
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Rui Ni
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mengzhu Lv
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jieqiong Zhao
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jianbo He
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lingfei Luo
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
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Mayer C, Nehring S, Kücken M, Repnik U, Seifert S, Sljukic A, Delpierre J, Morales‐Navarrete H, Hinz S, Brosch M, Chung B, Karlsen T, Huch M, Kalaidzidis Y, Brusch L, Hampe J, Schafmayer C, Zerial M. Apical bulkheads accumulate as adaptive response to impaired bile flow in liver disease. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57181. [PMID: 37522754 PMCID: PMC10481669 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocytes form bile canaliculi that dynamically respond to the signalling activity of bile acids and bile flow. Little is known about their responses to intraluminal pressure. During embryonic development, hepatocytes assemble apical bulkheads that increase the canalicular resistance to intraluminal pressure. Here, we investigate whether they also protect bile canaliculi against elevated pressure upon impaired bile flow in adult liver. Apical bulkheads accumulate upon bile flow obstruction in mouse models and patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Their loss under these conditions leads to abnormally dilated canaliculi, resembling liver cell rosettes described in other hepatic diseases. 3D reconstruction reveals that these structures are sections of cysts and tubes formed by hepatocytes. Mathematical modelling establishes that they positively correlate with canalicular pressure and occur in early PSC stages. Using primary hepatocytes and 3D organoids, we demonstrate that excessive canalicular pressure causes the loss of apical bulkheads and formation of rosettes. Our results suggest that apical bulkheads are a protective mechanism of hepatocytes against impaired bile flow, highlighting the role of canalicular pressure in liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Mayer
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsDresdenGermany
| | - Sophie Nehring
- Department of Medicine I, Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity Hospital Carl‐Gustav‐Carus, Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden)DresdenGermany
| | - Michael Kücken
- Center for Information Services and High‐Performance ComputingTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Urska Repnik
- Central Microscopy, Department of BiologyChristian‐Albrechts‐Universtät zu Kiel (CAU)KielGermany
| | - Sarah Seifert
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsDresdenGermany
| | - Aleksandra Sljukic
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsDresdenGermany
| | - Julien Delpierre
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsDresdenGermany
| | | | - Sebastian Hinz
- Department of General SurgeryUniversity Hospital RostockRostockGermany
| | - Mario Brosch
- Department of Medicine I, Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity Hospital Carl‐Gustav‐Carus, Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden)DresdenGermany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD)Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden)DresdenGermany
| | - Brian Chung
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Clinic of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Norwegian PSC Research CenterOslo University Hospital RikshospitaletOsloNorway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Clinic of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and TransplantationOslo University Hospital and University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Tom Karlsen
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Clinic of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Norwegian PSC Research CenterOslo University Hospital RikshospitaletOsloNorway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Clinic of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and TransplantationOslo University Hospital and University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Meritxell Huch
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsDresdenGermany
| | - Yannis Kalaidzidis
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsDresdenGermany
| | - Lutz Brusch
- Center for Information Services and High‐Performance ComputingTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Jochen Hampe
- Department of Medicine I, Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity Hospital Carl‐Gustav‐Carus, Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden)DresdenGermany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD)Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden)DresdenGermany
| | | | - Marino Zerial
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsDresdenGermany
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56
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Muñoz-Hernández R, Gato S, Gil-Gómez A, Aller R, Rojas A, Morán L, Gallego J, Blázquez-López E, Gallego-Durán R, Montero-Vallejo R, García-Fernández V, Maya-Miles D, Rico MDC, Cubero FJ, Vaquero J, Ampuero J, Bañares R, Romero-Gómez M. Role of EpCAM+ CD133+ extracellular vesicles in steatosis to steatohepatitis transition in NAFLD. Liver Int 2023; 43:1909-1919. [PMID: 37288714 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a potential source of circulating biomarkers in liver disease. We evaluated circulating AV+ EpCAM+ CD133+ EVs as a potential biomarker of the transition from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis. METHODS EpCAM and CD133 liver proteins and EpCAM+ CD133+ EVs levels were analysed in 31 C57BL/6J mice fed with a chow or high fat, high cholesterol and carbohydrates diet (HFHCC) for 52 weeks. The hepatic origin of MVs was addressed using AlbCrexmT/mG mice fed a Western (WD) or Dual diet for 23 weeks. Besides, we assessed plasma MVs in 130 biopsy-proven NAFLD patients. RESULTS Hepatic expression of EpCAM and CD133 and EpCAM+ CD133+ EVs increased during disease progression in HFHCC mice. GFP+ MVs were higher in AlbCrexmT/mG mice fed a WD (5.2% vs 12.1%) or a Dual diet (0.5% vs 7.3%). Most GFP+ MVs were also positive for EpCAM and CD133 (98.3% and 92.9% respectively), suggesting their hepatic origin. In 71 biopsy-proven NAFLD patients, EpCAM+ CD133+ EVs were significantly higher in those with steatohepatitis compare to those with simple steatosis (286.4 ± 61.9 vs 758.4 ± 82.3; p < 0.001). Patients with ballooning 367 ± 40.6 vs 532.0 ± 45.1; p = 0.01 and lobular inflammation (321.1 ± 74.1 vs 721.4 ± 80.1; p = 0.001), showed higher levels of these EVs. These findings were replicated in an independent cohort. CONCLUSIONS Circulating levels of EpCAM+ CD133+ MVs in clinical and experimental NAFLD were increased in the presence of steatohepatitis, showing high potential as a non-invasive biomarker for the evaluation and management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Muñoz-Hernández
- SeLiver Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Sheila Gato
- SeLiver Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Gil-Gómez
- SeLiver Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Aller
- Department of Medicine, Dermatology and Toxicology, Universidad de Valladolid / Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid / BioCritic, Group for Biomedical Research in Critical Care Medicine, Valladolid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela Rojas
- SeLiver Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Morán
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Gallego
- SeLiver Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Elena Blázquez-López
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Gallego-Durán
- SeLiver Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Montero-Vallejo
- SeLiver Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanessa García-Fernández
- SeLiver Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Douglas Maya-Miles
- SeLiver Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Del C Rico
- SeLiver Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
- UCM Digestive diseases, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco J Cubero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Vaquero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Ampuero
- SeLiver Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- UCM Digestive diseases, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rafael Bañares
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Romero-Gómez
- SeLiver Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- UCM Digestive diseases, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
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Li Y, Ma Z, Ding M, Jia K, Xu B, Zhou F, Luo R, Xue X, Wu R, Gao F, Li X. Chuanxiong Rhizoma extracts prevent cholestatic liver injury by targeting H3K9ac-mediated and cholangiocyte-derived secretory protein PAI-1 and FN. Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:694-709. [PMID: 37777319 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60416-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Chuanxiong Rhizoma (CX, the dried rhizome of Ligusticum wallichii Franch.), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, is clinically used for treating cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and hepatobiliary diseases. Cholestatic liver damage is one of the chronic liver diseases with limited effective therapeutic strategies. Currently, little is known about the mechanism links between CX-induced anti-cholestatic action and intercellular communication between cholangiocytes and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). The study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of different CX extracts including the aqueous, alkaloid, phenolic acid and phthalide extracts of CX (CXAE, CXAL, CXPA and CXPHL) and investigate the intercellular communication-related mechanisms by which the most effective extracts work on cholestatic liver injury. The active compounds of different CX extracts were identified by UPLC-MS/MS. A cholestatic liver injury mouse model induced by bile duct ligation (BDL), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-treated human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cholangiocytes (HIBECs) and HSC cell line (LX-2 cells) were used for in vivo and in vitro studies. Histological and other biological techniques were also applied. The results indicated that CXAE, CXAL and CXPHL significantly reduced ductular reaction (DR) and improved liver fibrosis in the BDL mice. Meanwhile, both CXAE and CXPHL suppressed DR in injured HIBECs and reduced collagen contraction force and the expression of fibrosis biomarkers in LX-2 cells treated with TGF-β. CXPHL suppressed the transcription and transfer of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and fibronectin (FN) from the 'DR-like' cholangiocytes to activated HSCs. Mechanistically, the inhibition of PAI-1 and FN by CXPHL was attributed to the untight combination of the acetyltransferase KAT2A and SMAD3, followdd by the suppression of histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9ac)-mediated transcription in cholangiocytes. In conclusion, CXPHL exerts stronger anti-cholestatic activity in vivo and in vitro than other CX extracts, and its protective effect on the intracellular communication between cholangiocytes and HSCs is achieved by reducing KAT2A/H3K9ac-mediated transcription and release of PAI-1 and FN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhi Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mingning Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Kexin Jia
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bing Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ranyi Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoyong Xue
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ruiyu Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaojiaoyang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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58
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Fernández Moro C, Geyer N, Harrizi S, Hamidi Y, Söderqvist S, Kuznyecov D, Tidholm Qvist E, Salmonson Schaad M, Hermann L, Lindberg A, Heuchel RL, Martín-Bernabé A, Dhanjal S, Navis AC, Villard C, Del Valle AC, Bozóky L, Sparrelid E, Dirix L, Strell C, Östman A, Schmierer B, Vermeulen PB, Engstrand J, Bozóky B, Gerling M. An idiosyncratic zonated stroma encapsulates desmoplastic liver metastases and originates from injured liver. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5024. [PMID: 37596278 PMCID: PMC10439160 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40688-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A perimetastatic capsule is a strong positive prognostic factor in liver metastases, but its origin remains unclear. Here, we systematically quantify the capsule's extent and cellular composition in 263 patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases to investigate its clinical significance and origin. We show that survival improves proportionally with increasing encapsulation and decreasing tumor-hepatocyte contact. Immunostaining reveals the gradual zonation of the capsule, transitioning from benign-like NGFRhigh stroma at the liver edge to FAPhigh stroma towards the tumor. Encapsulation correlates with decreased tumor viability and preoperative chemotherapy. In mice, chemotherapy and tumor cell ablation induce capsule formation. Our results suggest that encapsulation develops where tumor invasion into the liver plates stalls, representing a reparative process rather than tumor-induced desmoplasia. We propose a model of metastases growth, where the efficient tumor colonization of the liver parenchyma and a reparative liver injury reaction are opposing determinants of metastasis aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Fernández Moro
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14183, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 14186, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natalie Geyer
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14183, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Sara Harrizi
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14183, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Yousra Hamidi
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14183, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Sara Söderqvist
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14183, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Danyil Kuznyecov
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Medicinsk Service, Skåne University Hospital, 22185, Lund, Sweden
| | - Evelina Tidholm Qvist
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 14186, Sweden
| | | | - Laura Hermann
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14183, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Amanda Lindberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rainer L Heuchel
- Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 14183, Hudinge, Sweden
| | | | - Soniya Dhanjal
- CRISPR Functional Genomics, SciLifeLab and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17165, Solna, Sweden
| | - Anna C Navis
- CRISPR Functional Genomics, SciLifeLab and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17165, Solna, Sweden
| | - Christina Villard
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, 14183, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Andrea C Del Valle
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14183, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Lorand Bozóky
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14183, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Ernesto Sparrelid
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 14152, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luc Dirix
- Translational Cancer Research Unit (GZA Hospitals and University of Antwerp), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Carina Strell
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Arne Östman
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 17176, Solna, Sweden
| | - Bernhard Schmierer
- CRISPR Functional Genomics, SciLifeLab and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17165, Solna, Sweden
| | - Peter B Vermeulen
- Translational Cancer Research Unit (GZA Hospitals and University of Antwerp), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jennie Engstrand
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 14152, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Béla Bozóky
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 14186, Sweden
| | - Marco Gerling
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14183, Huddinge, Sweden.
- Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, 17 176, Solna, Sweden.
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Park HJ, Choi J, Kim H, Yang DY, An TH, Lee EW, Han BS, Lee SC, Kim WK, Bae KH, Oh KJ. Cellular heterogeneity and plasticity during NAFLD progression. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1221669. [PMID: 37635938 PMCID: PMC10450943 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1221669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a progressive liver disease that can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), NASH-related cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). NAFLD ranges from simple steatosis (or nonalcoholic fatty liver [NAFL]) to NASH as a progressive form of NAFL, which is characterized by steatosis, lobular inflammation, and hepatocellular ballooning with or without fibrosis. Because of the complex pathophysiological mechanism and the heterogeneity of NAFLD, including its wide spectrum of clinical and histological characteristics, no specific therapeutic drugs have been approved for NAFLD. The heterogeneity of NAFLD is closely associated with cellular plasticity, which describes the ability of cells to acquire new identities or change their phenotypes in response to environmental stimuli. The liver consists of parenchymal cells including hepatocytes and cholangiocytes and nonparenchymal cells including Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells, and endothelial cells, all of which have specialized functions. This heterogeneous cell population has cellular plasticity to adapt to environmental changes. During NAFLD progression, these cells can exert diverse and complex responses at multiple levels following exposure to a variety of stimuli, including fatty acids, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Therefore, this review provides insights into NAFLD heterogeneity by addressing the cellular plasticity and metabolic adaptation of hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, hepatic stellate cells, and Kupffer cells during NAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ju Park
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyoung Choi
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunmi Kim
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Yeon Yang
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyeon An
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Woo Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Baek-Soo Han
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Biodefense Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kon Kim
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hee Bae
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Jin Oh
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Su H, Haque M, Becker S, Edlund K, Duda J, Wang Q, Reißing J, Marschall HU, Candels LS, Mohamed M, Sjöland W, Liao L, Drexler SA, Strowig T, Rahnenführer J, Hengstler JG, Hatting M, Trautwein C. Long-term hypercaloric diet exacerbates metabolic liver disease in PNPLA3 I148M animals. Liver Int 2023; 43:1699-1713. [PMID: 37073116 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health burden associated with the metabolic syndrome leading to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and ultimately liver cancer. In humans, the PNPLA3 I148M polymorphism of the phospholipase patatin-like phospholipid domain containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) has a well-documented impact on metabolic liver disease. In this study, we used a mouse model mimicking the human PNPLA3 I148M polymorphism in a long-term high fat diet (HFD) experiment to better define its role for NAFLD progression. METHODS Male mice bearing wild-type Pnpla3 (Pnpla3WT ), or the human polymorphism PNPLA3 I148M (Pnpla3148M/M ) were subjected to HFD feeding for 24 and 52 weeks. Further analysis concerning basic phenotype, inflammation, proliferation and cell death, fibrosis and microbiota were performed in each time point. RESULTS After 52 weeks HFD Pnpla3148M/M animals had more liver fibrosis, enhanced numbers of inflammatory cells as well as increased Kupffer cell activity. Increased hepatocyte cell turnover and ductular proliferation were evident in HFD Pnpla3148M/M livers. Microbiome diversity was decreased after HFD feeding, changes were influenced by HFD feeding (36%) and the PNPLA3 I148M genotype (12%). Pnpla3148M/M mice had more faecal bile acids. RNA-sequencing of liver tissue defined an HFD-associated signature, and a Pnpla3148M/M specific pattern, which suggests Kupffer cell and monocytes-derived macrophages as significant drivers of liver disease progression in Pnpla3148M/M animals. CONCLUSION With long-term HFD feeding, mice with the PNPLA3 I148M genotype show exacerbated NAFLD. This finding is linked to PNPLA3 I148M-specific changes in microbiota composition and liver gene expression showing a stronger inflammatory response leading to enhanced liver fibrosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Su
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Madhuri Haque
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Svea Becker
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Karolina Edlund
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Julia Duda
- Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Qingbi Wang
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Johanna Reißing
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hanns-Ulrich Marschall
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena S Candels
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mohamed Mohamed
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Sjöland
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lijun Liao
- Department of Pain Management, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Stephan A Drexler
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Till Strowig
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Jan G Hengstler
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Maximilian Hatting
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Lebedeva E, Shchastniy A, Babenka A. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Toxic Liver Fibrosis in Rats Depending on the Stages of Its Development. Sovrem Tekhnologii Med 2023; 15:50-63. [PMID: 38434195 PMCID: PMC10902903 DOI: 10.17691/stm2023.15.4.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim is to study the cellular and molecular features of toxic liver fibrosis in rats and its dependence on development stages of this pathological condition. Materials and Methods Liver fibrogenesis in male Wistar rats was induced with the thioacetamide solution by introducing into the stomach with a probe at a dose of 200 mg/kg of animal body weight 2 times per week. The process dynamics was studied at 5 time points (control, week 3, week 5, week 7, and week 9). The mRNA levels of tweak, fn14, ang, vegfa, cxcl12, and mmp-9 genes in liver were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemical study was performed on paraffin sections. The CD31, CD34, CK19, α-SMA, FAP, CD68, CD206, CX3CR1, and CD45 cells were used as markers. Fibrosis degree was determined in histological sections, stained in line with the Mallory technique, according to the Ishak's semi-quantitative scale. Results Two simultaneously existing morphologically heterogeneous populations of myofibroblasts expressing different types of markers (FAP, α-SMA) were identified in rat liver. Prior to the onset of transformation of fibrosis into cirrhosis (F1-F4, weeks 3-7), FAP+ and SMA+ cells were localized in different places on histological specimens. All stages of liver fibrosis development were accompanied by an increase in the number (p=0.0000), a change in the phenotypic structure and functional properties of macrophages. The CK19+ cells of the portal areas differentiated into cholangiocytes that formed interlobular bile ducts and ductules, as well as hepatocytes that formed rudiments of new hepatic microlobules. Pathological venous angiogenesis and heterogeneity of endotheliocytes of the intrahepatic vascular bed were detected. Two options for changes in mRNA expression of the selected genes were identified. The level of the fn14 and mmp-9 mRNAs at all stages of fibrosis was higher (p=0.0000) than in control rats. For tweak, ang, vegfa, and cxcl12 mRNAs, the situation was the opposite - the level of genes decreased (p=0.0000). There were strong and moderate correlations between the studied target genes (p<0.05). Conclusion It was established that the stages of toxic fibrosis had morphological and molecular genetic features. The FAP+ cells make the main contribution to development of portal and initial stage of bridging fibrosis. The stellate macrophages and infiltrating monocytes/ macrophages can potentially be used for development of new therapeutic strategies for liver pathology treatment. One should take into account the features of the markers' expression by endothelial cells during the study of the intrahepatic vascular bed. Joint study of genes is a necessary ad-hoc parameter in fundamental and preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.I. Lebedeva
- Associate Professor, Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology; Vitebsk State Order of Peoples’ Friendship Medical University, 27 Frunze Avenue, Vitebsk, 210009, the Republic of Belarus
| | - A.T. Shchastniy
- Professor, Head of the Department of Hospital Surgery with the Course of the Fetoplacental Complex and Placental Complex; Vitebsk State Order of Peoples’ Friendship Medical University, 27 Frunze Avenue, Vitebsk, 210009, the Republic of Belarus
| | - A.S. Babenka
- Associate Professor, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry; Belarusian State Medical University, 83 Dzerzhinsky Avenue, Minsk, 220116, the Republic of Belarus
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Lan T, Tai Y, Zhao C, Xiao Y, Yang Z, Zhang L, Gan C, Dai W, Tong H, Tang C, Huang Z, Gao J. Atypical cholangiocytes derived from hepatocyte-cholangiocyte transdifferentiation mediated by COX-2: a kind of misguided liver regeneration. Inflamm Regen 2023; 43:37. [PMID: 37452426 PMCID: PMC10347763 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-023-00284-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocyte-cholangiocyte transdifferentiation (HCT) is a potential origin of proliferating cholangiocytes in liver regeneration after chronic injury. This study aimed to determine HCT after chronic liver injury, verify the impacts of HCT on liver repair, and avoid harmful regeneration by understanding the mechanism. METHODS A thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver injury model was established in wild-type (WT-TAA group) and COX-2 panknockout (KO-TAA group) mice. HCT was identified by costaining of hepatocyte and cholangiocyte markers in vivo and in isolated mouse hepatocytes in vitro. The biliary tract was injected with ink and visualized by whole liver optical clearing. Serum and liver bile acid (BA) concentrations were measured. Either a COX-2 selective inhibitor or a β-catenin pathway inhibitor was administered in vitro. RESULTS Intrahepatic ductular reaction was associated with COX-2 upregulation in chronic liver injury. Immunofluorescence and RNA sequencing indicated that atypical cholangiocytes were characterized by an intermediate genetic phenotype between hepatocytes and cholangiocytes and might be derived from hepatocytes. The structure of the biliary system was impaired, and BA metabolism was dysregulated by HCT, which was mediated by the TGF-β/β-catenin signaling pathway. Genetic deletion or pharmaceutical inhibition of COX-2 significantly reduced HCT in vivo. The COX-2 selective inhibitor etoricoxib suppressed HCT through the TGF-β-TGFBR1-β-catenin pathway in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Atypical cholangiocytes can be derived from HCT, which forms a secondary strike by maldevelopment of the bile drainage system and BA homeostasis disequilibrium during chronic liver injury. Inhibition of COX-2 could ameliorate HCT through the COX-2-TGF-β-TGFBR1-β-catenin pathway and improve liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Lan
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yang Tai
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chong Zhao
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhu Yang
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Linhao Zhang
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Can Gan
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wenting Dai
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Huan Tong
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chengwei Tang
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhiyin Huang
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Jinhang Gao
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Katsuda T, Sussman J, Li J, Merrell AJ, Vostrejs W, Secreto A, Matsuzaki J, Ochiya T, Stanger BZ. Evidence for in vitro extensive proliferation of adult hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:1436-1450. [PMID: 37352852 PMCID: PMC10362498 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last several years, a method has emerged that endows adult hepatocytes with in vitro proliferative capacity, producing chemically induced liver progenitors (CLiPs). However, there is a growing controversy regarding the origin of these cells. Here, we provide lineage tracing-based evidence that adult hepatocytes acquire proliferative capacity in vitro using rat and mouse models. Unexpectedly, we also found that the CLiP method allows biliary epithelial cells to acquire extensive proliferative capacity. Interestingly, after long-term culture, hepatocyte-derived cells (hepCLiPs) and biliary epithelial cell-derived cells (bilCLiPs) become similar in their gene expression patterns, and they both exhibit differentiation capacity to form hepatocyte-like cells. Finally, we provide evidence that hepCLiPs can repopulate injured mouse livers, reinforcing our earlier argument that CLiPs can be a cell source for liver regenerative medicine. This study advances our understanding of the origin of CLiPs and motivates the application of this technique in liver regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Katsuda
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Jonathan Sussman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jinyang Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Allyson J Merrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - William Vostrejs
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anthony Secreto
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell and Xenograft Core, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Juntaro Matsuzaki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Pharmacotherapeutics, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ben Z Stanger
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Kundu D, Kennedy L, Zhou T, Ekser B, Meadows V, Sybenga A, Kyritsi K, Chen L, Ceci L, Wu N, Wu C, Glaser S, Carpino G, Onori P, Gaudio E, Alpini G, Francis H. p16 INK4A drives nonalcoholic fatty liver disease phenotypes in high fat diet fed mice through biliary E2F1/FOXO1/IGF-1 signaling. Hepatology 2023; 78:243-257. [PMID: 36799449 PMCID: PMC10410572 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS NAFLD is characterized by steatosis, hepatic inflammation, and fibrosis, which can develop into NASH. Patients with NAFLD/NASH have increased ductular reaction (DR) and biliary senescence. High fat/high cholesterol diet feeding increases biliary senescence, DR, and biliary insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) expression in mice. p16/IGF-1 converges with fork-head box transcription factor O1 (FOXO1) through E2F1. We evaluated p16 inhibition on NAFLD phenotypes and biliary E2F1/FOXO1/IGF-1 signaling. APPROACH AND RESULTS 4-week wild-type (C57BL/6J) male mice were fed a control diet (CD) or high fat/high cholesterol diet and received either p16 or control Vivo Morpholino (VM) by tail vein injection 2× during the 16th week of feeding. We confirmed p16 knockdown and examined: (i) NAFLD phenotypes; (ii) DR and biliary senescence; (iii) serum metabolites; and (iv) biliary E2F1/FOXO1/IGF-1 signaling. Human normal, NAFLD, and NASH liver samples and isolated cholangiocytes treated with control or p16 VM were evaluated for p16/E2F1/FOXO1/IGF-1 signaling. p16 VM treatment reduced cholangiocyte and hepatocyte p16. In wild-type high fat/high cholesterol diet mice with control VM, there were increased (i) NAFLD phenotypes; (ii) DR and biliary senescence; (iii) serum metabolites; and (iv) biliary E2F1/FOXO1/IGF-1 signaling; however, p16 VM treatment reduced these parameters. Biliary E2F1/FOX-O1/IGF-1 signaling increased in human NAFLD/NASH but was blocked by p16 VM. In vitro , p16 VM reduced biliary E2f1 and Foxo1 transcription by inhibiting RNA pol II binding and E2F1 binding at the Foxo1 locus, respectively. Inhibition of E2F1 reduced biliary FOXO1 in vitro. CONCLUSION Attenuating hepatic p16 expression may be a therapeutic approach for improving NAFLD/NASH phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debjyoti Kundu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Research
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Department of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Research
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Research
| | - Burcin Ekser
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Vik Meadows
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Research
| | | | - Konstantina Kyritsi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Research
| | - Lixian Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Research
| | - Ludovica Ceci
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Research
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Nan Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Research
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | | | - Guido Carpino
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Onori
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Department of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Research
| | - Heather Francis
- Department of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Research
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Zhang J, Lyu Z, Li B, You Z, Cui N, Li Y, Li Y, Huang B, Chen R, Chen Y, Peng Y, Fang J, Wang Q, Miao Q, Tang R, Gershwin ME, Lian M, Xiao X, Ma X. P4HA2 induces hepatic ductular reaction and biliary fibrosis in chronic cholestatic liver diseases. Hepatology 2023; 78:10-25. [PMID: 36799463 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Prolyl-4-hydroxylases (P4Hs) are key enzymes in collagen synthesis. The P4HA subunit (P4HA1, P4HA2, and P4HA3) contains a substrate binding and catalyzation domain. We postulated that P4HA2 would play a key role in the cholangiocyte pathology of cholestatic liver diseases. METHODS We studied humans with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), P4HA2 -/- mice injured by DDC, and P4HA2 -/- /MDR2 -/- double knockout mice. A parallel study was performed in patients with PBC, PSC, and controls using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. In the murine model, the level of ductular reaction and biliary fibrosis were monitored by histology, qPCR, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting. Expression of Yes1 Associated Transcriptional Regulator (YAP) phosphorylation was measured in isolated mouse cholangiocytes. The mechanism of P4HA2 was explored in RBE and 293T cell lines by using qPCR, Western blot, immunofluorescence, and co-immunoprecipitation. RESULTS The hepatic expression level of P4HA2 was highly elevated in patients with PBC or PSC. Ductular reactive cholangiocytes predominantly expressed P4HA2. Cholestatic patients with more severe liver injury correlated with levels of P4HA2 in the liver. In P4HA2 -/- mice, there was a significantly reduced level of ductular reaction and fibrosis compared with controls in the DDC-induced chronic cholestasis. Decreased liver fibrosis and ductular reaction were observed in P4HA2 -/- /MDR2 -/- mice compared with MDR2 -/- mice. Cholangiocytes isolated from P4HA2 -/- /MDR2 -/- mice displayed a higher level of YAP phosphorylation, resulting in cholangiocytes proliferation inhibition. In vitro studies showed that P4HA2 promotes RBE cell proliferation by inducing SAV1 degradation, eventually resulting in the activation of YAP. CONCLUSIONS P4HA2 promotes hepatic ductular reaction and biliary fibrosis by regulating the SAV1-mediated Hippo signaling pathway. P4HA2 is a potential therapeutic target for PBC and PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Zhuwan Lyu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Bo Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Zhengrui You
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Nana Cui
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - You Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Yikang Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Bingyuan Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Ruiling Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Yanshen Peng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Jingyuan Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Qixia Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Qi Miao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Ruqi Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Min Lian
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Xiong Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
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He YH, Pan JX, Xu LM, Gu T, Chen YW. Ductular reaction in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: When Macbeth is perverted. World J Hepatol 2023; 15:725-740. [PMID: 37397935 PMCID: PMC10308290 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v15.i6.725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease is the leading cause of chronic liver diseases defined as a disease spectrum comprising hepatic steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatic carcinoma. NASH, characterized by hepatocyte injury, steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis, is associated with NAFLD prognosis. Ductular reaction (DR) is a common compensatory reaction associated with liver injury, which involves the hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs), hepatic stellate cells, myofibroblasts, inflammatory cells (such as macrophages), and their secreted substances. Recently, several studies have shown that the extent of DR parallels the stage of NASH and fibrosis. This review summarizes previous research on the correlation between DR and NASH, the potential interplay mechanism driving HPC differentiation, and NASH progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Huan He
- Department of Gastroenterology and Department of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jia-Xing Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lei-Ming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ting Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yuan-Wen Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Department of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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Khan MA, Afshan K, Chaudhry U, Firasat S, Sargison ND. Histopathology and antibody responses describe the seasonal pattern of dicrocoeliosis in small ruminants in the Himalayan ranges of Pakistan. Vet Parasitol 2023; 320:109975. [PMID: 37343459 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.109975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
In some parts of the world, Dicrocoelium spp. lancet flukes cause significant production loss in pastoral livestock, and accurate diagnosis of infection is important. The aims of the present study were to describe the histopathology and to investigate the transmission patterns of Dicrocoelium amongst ten sheep and goat farms in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan. The liver histology and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analyses followed standard procedures. The liver histopathology showed intensive tissue destruction and biliary hyperplasia associated with presence of adult flukes, severe inflammatory cell infiltration, congestion of blood vessels, damaged hepatocytes, and sinusoids in the infected areas. The time of onset of infection was investigated by ELISA detection of antibodies in sheep (n = 164) and goats (n = 152). Colostral transfer of Dicrocoelium antibodies from seropositive mothers was detected in sheep and goats up to 16 weeks of age. In both sheep and goats, the estimated time of infection differed between farms and years. Infection was seen in both sheep flocks and goat herds, with high variation between flocks and herds, and the highest infection rate in lambs. Dicrocoelium infection was most prevalent in sheep and goats in September (n = 84) and August (n = 63) respectively. This study concluded Dicrocoelium causes severe inflammation and necrosis of liver tissues in sheep and goats. Colostral transfer of antibodies can be detected up to about ten weeks of age. Higher infection rates are observed during August and September in sheep than in goats, putatively due to effects of different grazing and browsing behaviors on the ingestion of ants. The results will aid in the development of effective disease control strategies to ensure optimal growth and productivity of sheep and goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asim Khan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Kiran Afshan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Umer Chaudhry
- School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University True Blue, St. George's Grenada, Caribbean, Grenada
| | - Sabika Firasat
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Neil D Sargison
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK.
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Owen T, Carpino G, Chen L, Kundu D, Wills P, Ekser B, Onori P, Gaudio E, Alpini G, Francis H, Kennedy L. Endothelin Receptor-A Inhibition Decreases Ductular Reaction, Liver Fibrosis, and Angiogenesis in a Model of Cholangitis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 16:513-540. [PMID: 37336290 PMCID: PMC10462792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) leads to ductular reaction and fibrosis and is complicated by vascular dysfunction. Cholangiocyte and endothelial cell crosstalk modulates their proliferation in cholestatic models. Endothelin (ET)-1 and ET-2 bind to their receptor, ET-A, and cholangiocytes are a key source of ET-1 after bile duct ligation. We aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of ET-A inhibition in PSC and biliary-endothelial crosstalk mediated by this pathway. METHODS Wild-type and multidrug resistance 2 knockout (Mdr2-/-) mice at 12 weeks of age were treated with vehicle or Ambrisentan (ET-A antagonist) for 1 week by daily intraperitoneal injections. Human control and PSC samples were used. RESULTS Mdr2-/- mice at 4, 8, and 12 weeks displayed angiogenesis that peaked at 12 weeks. Mdr2-/- mice at 12 weeks had enhanced biliary ET-1/ET-2/ET-A expression and secretion, whereas human PSC had enhanced ET-1/ET-A expression and secretion. Ambrisentan reduced biliary damage, immune cell infiltration, and fibrosis in Mdr2-/- mice. Mdr2-/- mice had squamous cholangiocytes with blunted microvilli and dilated arterioles lacking cilia; however, Ambrisentan reversed these alterations. Ambrisentan decreased cholangiocyte expression of pro-angiogenic factors, specifically midkine, through the regulation of cFOS. In vitro, ET-1/ET-A caused cholangiocyte senescence, endothelial cell angiogenesis, and macrophage inflammation. In vitro, human PSC cholangiocyte supernatants increased endothelial cell migration, which was blocked with Ambrisentan treatment. CONCLUSIONS ET-A inhibition reduced biliary and liver damage in Mdr2-/- mice. ET-A promotes biliary angiocrine signaling that may, in turn, enhance angiogenesis. Targeting ET-A may prove therapeutic for PSC, specifically patients displaying vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis Owen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Guido Carpino
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lixian Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Debjyoti Kundu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Payton Wills
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Burcin Ekser
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Paolo Onori
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Department of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Heather Francis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Department of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Department of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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Qi J, Dai Y, Sun X, Liu C. Mechanism of liver regeneration: 20-year bibliometric analyses. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1190559. [PMID: 37383706 PMCID: PMC10293616 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1190559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The study aims to explore the most influential countries, institutions, journals, authors, "research hotspots," and trends in the study of the mechanism of liver regeneration (MoLR) in the last 20 years using bibliometric analyses. Methods: The literature associated with the MoLR was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection on 11 October 2022. CiteSpace 6.1.R6 (64-bit) and VOSviewer 1.6.18 were used for bibliometric analyses. Results: A total of 18,956 authors from 2,900 institutions in 71 countries/regions published 3,563 studies in different academic journals on the MoLR. The United States was the most influential country. The University of Pittsburgh was the institution from which most articles on the MoLR were published. Cunshuan Xu published the most articles on the MoLR, and George K. Michalopoulos was the most frequently co-cited author. Hepatology was the journal in which most articles on the MoLR were published and the most frequently co-cited journal in this field. The research hotspots for the MoLR were origin and subsets of hepatocytes during LR; new factors and pathways in LR regulation; cell therapy for LR; interactions between liver cells in LR; mechanism of the proliferation of residual hepatocytes and trans-differentiation between cells; and prognosis of LR. The emerging topic was the mechanism of regeneration of a severely injured liver. Conclusion: Our bibliometric analyses provide (i) a comprehensive overview of the MoLR; (ii) important clues and ideas for scholars in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshu Qi
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunkai Dai
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenghai Liu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
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Wu N, Zhou T, Carpino G, Baiocchi L, Kyritsi K, Kennedy L, Ceci L, Chen L, Wu C, Kundu D, Barupala N, Franchitto A, Onori P, Ekser B, Gaudio E, Francis H, Glaser S, Alpini G. Prolonged administration of a secretin receptor antagonist inhibits biliary senescence and liver fibrosis in Mdr2 -/- mice. Hepatology 2023; 77:1849-1865. [PMID: 36799446 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Secretin (SCT) and secretin receptor (SR, only expressed on cholangiocytes within the liver) play key roles in modulating liver phenotypes. Forkhead box A2 (FoxA2) is required for normal bile duct homeostasis by preventing the excess of cholangiocyte proliferation. Short-term administration of the SR antagonist (SCT 5-27) decreased ductular reaction and liver fibrosis in bile duct ligated and Mdr2 -/- [primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), model] mice. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and risks of long-term SCT 5-27 treatment in Mdr2 -/- mice. APPROACH AND RESULTS In vivo studies were performed in male wild-type and Mdr2 -/- mice treated with saline or SCT 5-27 for 3 months and human samples from late-stage PSC patients and healthy controls. Compared with controls, biliary SCT/SR expression and SCT serum levels increased in Mdr2 -/- mice and late-stage PSC patients. There was a significant increase in ductular reaction, biliary senescence, liver inflammation, angiogenesis, fibrosis, biliary expression of TGF-β1/VEGF-A axis, and biliary phosphorylation of protein kinase A and ERK1/2 in Mdr2 -/- mice. The biliary expression of miR-125b and FoxA2 decreased in Mdr2 -/- compared with wild-type mice, which was reversed by long-term SCT 5-27 treatment. In vitro , SCT 5-27 treatment of a human biliary PSC cell line decreased proliferation and senescence and SR/TGF-β1/VEGF-A axis but increased the expression of miR-125b and FoxA2. Downregulation of FoxA2 prevented SCT 5-27-induced reduction in biliary damage, whereas overexpression of FoxA2 reduced proliferation and senescence in the human PSC cell line. CONCLUSIONS Modulating the SCT/SR axis may be critical for managing PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Guido Carpino
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics Sciences, University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Konstantina Kyritsi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Ludovica Ceci
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics Sciences, University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lixian Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Debjyoti Kundu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Nipuni Barupala
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Antonio Franchitto
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Onori
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics Sciences, University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Burcin Ekser
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics Sciences, University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Heather Francis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Chusilp S, Balsamo F, Li B, Vejchapipat P, Pierro A. Development of liver inflammatory injury in biliary atresia: from basic to clinical research. Pediatr Surg Int 2023; 39:207. [PMID: 37249714 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-023-05489-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Biliary atresia (BA) is a severe cholangiopathy in infants. It is characterized by inflammatory fibro-obliteration of the intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts. Although the restoration of bile flow can be successful after Kasai operation, the rapid progression of liver fibrosis can continue, leading to cirrhosis. It is believed that the progression of liver fibrosis in BA is exacerbated by complicated mechanisms other than the consequence of bile duct obstruction. The fibrogenic cascade in BA liver can be divided into three stages, including liver inflammatory injury, myofibroblast activation, and fibrous scar formation. Recent studies have revealed that the activation of an immune response following bile duct injury plays an important role in promoting the inflammatory process, the releasing of inflammatory cytokines, and the development of fibrogenesis in BA liver. In this article, we summarized the evidence regarding liver inflammatory injury and the possible mechanisms that explain the rapid progression of liver fibrosis in BA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinobol Chusilp
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Translational Medicine Program, University of Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children, 1526-555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Felicia Balsamo
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Translational Medicine Program, University of Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children, 1526-555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Bo Li
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Translational Medicine Program, University of Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children, 1526-555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Paisarn Vejchapipat
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Agostino Pierro
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Translational Medicine Program, University of Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children, 1526-555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
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Cai X, Tacke F, Guillot A, Liu H. Cholangiokines: undervalued modulators in the hepatic microenvironment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1192840. [PMID: 37261338 PMCID: PMC10229055 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1192840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The biliary epithelial cells, also known as cholangiocytes, line the intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts, forming a barrier between intra- and extra-ductal environments. Cholangiocytes are mostly known to modulate bile composition and transportation. In hepatobiliary diseases, bile duct injury leads to drastic alterations in cholangiocyte phenotypes and their release of soluble mediators, which can vary depending on the original insult and cellular states (quiescence, senescence, or proliferation). The cholangiocyte-secreted cytokines (also termed cholangiokines) drive ductular cell proliferation, portal inflammation and fibrosis, and carcinogenesis. Hence, despite the previous consensus that cholangiocytes are bystanders in liver diseases, their diverse secretome plays critical roles in modulating the intrahepatic microenvironment. This review summarizes recent insights into the cholangiokines under both physiological and pathological conditions, especially as they occur during liver injury-regeneration, inflammation, fibrosis and malignant transformation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiurong Cai
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adrien Guillot
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanyang Liu
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
- Center of Gastrointestinal Diseases, Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
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Yoo HJ, Pyo MC, Rhee KH, Lim JM, Yang SA, Yoo MK, Lee KW. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and hexafluoropropylene oxide-dimer acid (GenX): Hepatic stress and bile acid metabolism with different pathways. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 259:115001. [PMID: 37196520 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acids (PFECAs) are organic chemicals that are widely used in the manufacture of a wide range of human-made products. Many monitoring findings revealed the presence of PFASs and PFECAs in numerous environmental sources, including water, soil, and air, which drew more attention to both chemicals. Because of their unknown toxicity, the discovery of PFASs and PFECAs in a variety of environmental sources was viewed as a cause for concern. In the present study, male mice were given orally one of the typical PFASs, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and one of the representative PFECAs, hexafluoropropylene oxide-dimer acid (HFPO-DA). The liver index showing hepatomegaly rose significantly after 90 d of exposure to PFOA and HFPO-DA, respectively. While sharing similar suppressor genes, both chemicals demonstrated unique hepatotoxic mechanisms. In different ways, these two substances altered the expression of hepatic stress-sensing genes as well as the regulation of nuclear receptors. Not only are bile acid metabolism-related genes in the liver altered, but cholesterol metabolism-related genes as well. These results indicate that PFOA and HFPO-DA both cause hepatotoxicity and bile acid metabolism impairment with distinct mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Joon Yoo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Cheol Pyo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hyun Rhee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Ah Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ki Yoo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Won Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Bioscience and Technology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Liang L, Zhang LY, Liu WT, Zong C, Gao L, Li R, Zhao QD, Zhao NP, Wei LX, Zhang L, Han ZP. Babao Dan decreases hepatocarcinogenesis by inhibiting hepatic progenitor cells malignant transformation via down-regulating toll-like receptor 4. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1073859. [PMID: 37251918 PMCID: PMC10213212 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1073859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Babao Dan (BBD) is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been widely used as a complementary and alternative medicine to treat chronic liver diseases. In this study, we aimed to observe the effect of BBD on the incidence of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-initiated hepatocellular carcinoma formation in rats and explored its possible mechanism. Methods To verify this hypothesis, BBD was administrated to rats at a dose of 0.5g/kg body weight per two days from the 9th to 12th week in HCC-induced by DEN. Liver injury biomarkers and hepatic inflammatory parameters were evaluated by histopathology as well as serum and hepatic content analysis. We applied immunohistochemical analysis to investigate the expression of CK-19 and SOX-9 in liver tissues. The expression of TLR4 was determined by immunohistochemical, RT-PCR, and western blot analysis. Furthermore, we also detected the efficacy of BBD against primary HPCs neoplastic transformation induced by LPS. Results We observed that DEN could induce hepatocarcinogenesis, and BBD could obviously decrease the incidence. The biochemical and histopathological examination results confirmed that BBD could protect against liver injury and decrease inflammatory infiltration. Immunohistochemistry staining results showed that BBD could effectively inhibit the ductal reaction and the expression of TLR4. The results showed that BBD-serumcould obviously inhibit primary HPCs neoplastic transformation induced by regulating the TLR4/Ras/ERK signaling pathway. Conclusion In summary, our results indicate that BBD has potential applications in the prevention and treatment of HCC, which may be related to its effect on hepatic progenitor cells malignant transformation via inhibiting the TLR4/Ras/ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liang
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Minimal Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu-Yao Zhang
- Clinical Research Unit, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wen-Ting Liu
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Zong
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Li
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiu-Dong Zhao
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na-Ping Zhao
- Clinical Research Unit, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Xin Wei
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Clinical Research Unit, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Han
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Carlessi R, Denisenko E, Boslem E, Köhn-Gaone J, Main N, Abu Bakar NDB, Shirolkar GD, Jones M, Beasley AB, Poppe D, Dwyer BJ, Jackaman C, Tjiam MC, Lister R, Karin M, Fallowfield JA, Kendall TJ, Forbes SJ, Gray ES, Olynyk JK, Yeoh G, Forrest AR, Ramm GA, Febbraio MA, Tirnitz-Parker JE. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing of pre-malignant liver reveals disease-associated hepatocyte state with HCC prognostic potential. CELL GENOMICS 2023; 3:100301. [PMID: 37228755 PMCID: PMC10203275 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Current approaches to staging chronic liver diseases have limited utility for predicting liver cancer risk. Here, we employed single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) to characterize the cellular microenvironment of healthy and pre-malignant livers using two distinct mouse models. Downstream analyses unraveled a previously uncharacterized disease-associated hepatocyte (daHep) transcriptional state. These cells were absent in healthy livers but increasingly prevalent as chronic liver disease progressed. Copy number variation (CNV) analysis of microdissected tissue demonstrated that daHep-enriched regions are riddled with structural variants, suggesting these cells represent a pre-malignant intermediary. Integrated analysis of three recent human snRNA-seq datasets confirmed the presence of a similar phenotype in human chronic liver disease and further supported its enhanced mutational burden. Importantly, we show that high daHep levels precede carcinogenesis and predict a higher risk of hepatocellular carcinoma development. These findings may change the way chronic liver disease patients are staged, surveilled, and risk stratified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Carlessi
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Elena Denisenko
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Ebru Boslem
- Cellular & Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Monash Institute of Pharmacological Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Julia Köhn-Gaone
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Nathan Main
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - N. Dianah B. Abu Bakar
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Gayatri D. Shirolkar
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Matthew Jones
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Aaron B. Beasley
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Daniel Poppe
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Benjamin J. Dwyer
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Connie Jackaman
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - M. Christian Tjiam
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Ryan Lister
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Michael Karin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Fallowfield
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Timothy J. Kendall
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stuart J. Forbes
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Elin S. Gray
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - John K. Olynyk
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - George Yeoh
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Alistair R.R. Forrest
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Grant A. Ramm
- Hepatic Fibrosis Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Mark A. Febbraio
- Cellular & Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Monash Institute of Pharmacological Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Janina E.E. Tirnitz-Parker
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
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Tan C, Ding M, Zheng YW. The Values and Perspectives of Organoids in the Field of Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098125. [PMID: 37175830 PMCID: PMC10179392 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has become a global health problem, and the prevalence of obesity at all stages of life makes MetS research increasingly important and urgent. However, as a comprehensive and complex disease, MetS has lacked more appropriate research models. The advent of organoids provides an opportunity to address this issue. However, it should be noted that organoids are still in their infancy. The main drawbacks are a lack of maturity, complexity, and the inability to standardize large-scale production. Could organoids therefore be a better choice for studying MetS than other models? How can these limitations be overcome? Here, we summarize the available data to present current progress on pancreatic and hepatobiliary organoids and to answer these open questions. Organoids are of human origin and contain a variety of human cell types necessary to mimic the disease characteristics of MetS in their development. Taken together with the discovery of hepatobiliary progenitors in situ, the dedifferentiation of beta cells in diabetes, and studies on hepatic macrophages, we suggest that promoting endogenous regeneration has the potential to prevent the development of end-stage liver and pancreatic lesions caused by MetS and outline the direction of future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Tan
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Min Ding
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Yun-Wen Zheng
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
- Department of Medicinal and Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan
- School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 234-0006, Japan
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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He Q, Pan X, Yin Y, Xu A, Yi X, Wu Y, Li X. Clonorchis sinensis granulin promotes malignant transformation of human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells through interaction with M2 macrophages via regulation of STAT3 phosphorylation and the MEK/ERK pathway. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:139. [PMID: 37095578 PMCID: PMC10124682 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05765-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clonorchis sinensis granulin (CsGRN), a component of the excretory/secretory products of this species, is a multifunctional growth factor that can promote the metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma cells. However, the effect of CsGRN on human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells (HIBECs) is unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of CsGRN on the malignant transformation of HIBECs and its possible underlying mechanism. METHODS The malignant transformation phenotypes of HIBECs after CsGRN treatment were estimated by EdU-488 incorporation assay, colony formation assay, wound-healing assay, Transwell assay and western blot. The biliary damage of CsGRN-treated mice was detected by western blot, immunohistochemical staining and hematoxylin and eosin staining. The phenotypes of the macrophages [human monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1)] were analyzed by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry, both in vitro and in vivo. A co-culture system was developed to explore the interaction between THP-1 and HIBECs in CsGRN-containing medium. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot were used to detected the activation of interleukin 6 (IL-6), phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3) and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. An inhibitor of the MEK/ERK pathway, PD98059, was used to determine whether this pathway is involved in CsGRN-mediated cell interactions as well as in STAT3 phosphorylation and malignant transformation of HIBECs. RESULTS Excessive hyperplasia and abnormal proliferation of HIBECs, enhanced secretion of hepatic pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, as well as biliary damage, were observed in vitro and in vivo after treatment with CsGRN. The expression of the markers of M2 macrophages significantly increased in CsGRN-treated THP-1 cells and biliary duct tissues compared with the controls. Moreover, following treatment with CsGRN, the HIBECs underwent malignant transformation in the THP-1-HIBECs co-culture group. In addition, high expression of IL-6 was observed in the CsGRN-treated co-culture media, which activated the phosphorylation of STAT3, JAK2, MEK and ERK. However, treatment with an inhibitor of the MEK/ERK pathway, PD98059, decreased expression of p-STAT3 in CsGRN-treated HIBECs and further repressed the malignant transformation of HIBECs. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that, by inducing the M2-type polarization of macrophages and activating the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 and MEK/ERK pathways in HIBECs, CsGRN promoted the malignant transformation of the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing He
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
- China Atomic Energy Authority Center of Excellence on Nuclear Technology Applications for Insect Control, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Pan
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
- China Atomic Energy Authority Center of Excellence on Nuclear Technology Applications for Insect Control, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingxuan Yin
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
- China Atomic Energy Authority Center of Excellence on Nuclear Technology Applications for Insect Control, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Anyuan Xu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
- China Atomic Energy Authority Center of Excellence on Nuclear Technology Applications for Insect Control, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqing Yi
- Department of Basic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinjuan Wu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China.
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China.
- China Atomic Energy Authority Center of Excellence on Nuclear Technology Applications for Insect Control, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuerong Li
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China.
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China.
- China Atomic Energy Authority Center of Excellence on Nuclear Technology Applications for Insect Control, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China.
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Rizvi F, Lee YR, Diaz-Aragon R, So J, Florentino RM, Smith AR, Everton E, Ostrowska A, Jung K, Tam Y, Muramatsu H, Pardi N, Weissman D, Soto-Gutierrez A, Shin D, Gouon-Evans V. VEGFA mRNA-LNP promotes biliary epithelial cell-to-hepatocyte conversion in acute and chronic liver diseases and reverses steatosis and fibrosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.17.537186. [PMID: 37131823 PMCID: PMC10153196 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.17.537186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The liver is known for its remarkable regenerative ability through proliferation of hepatocytes. Yet, during chronic injury or severe hepatocyte death, proliferation of hepatocytes is exhausted. To overcome this hurdle, we propose vascular-endothelial-growth-factor A (VEGFA) as a therapeutic means to accelerate biliary epithelial cell (BEC)-to-hepatocyte conversion. Investigation in zebrafish establishes that blocking VEGF receptors abrogates BEC-driven liver repair, while VEGFA overexpression promotes it. Delivery of VEGFA via non-integrative and safe nucleoside-modified mRNA encapsulated into lipid-nanoparticles (mRNA-LNP) in acutely or chronically injured mouse livers induces robust BEC-to-hepatocyte conversion and reversion of steatosis and fibrosis. In human and murine diseased livers, we further identified VEGFA-receptor KDR-expressing BECs associated with KDR-expressing cell-derived hepatocytes. This defines KDR-expressing cells, most likely being BECs, as facultative progenitors. This study reveals novel therapeutic benefits of VEGFA delivered via nucleoside-modified mRNA-LNP, whose safety is widely validated with COVID-19 vaccines, for harnessing BEC-driven repair to potentially treat liver diseases. Highlights Complementary mouse and zebrafish models of liver injury demonstrate the therapeutic impact of VEGFA-KDR axis activation to harness BEC-driven liver regeneration.VEGFA mRNA LNPs restore two key features of the chronic liver disease in humans such as steatosis and fibrosis.Identification in human cirrhotic ESLD livers of KDR-expressing BECs adjacent to clusters of KDR+ hepatocytes suggesting their BEC origin.KDR-expressing BECs may represent facultative adult progenitor cells, a unique BEC population that has yet been uncovered.
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Davenport M, Kronfli R, Makin E. Advances in understanding of biliary atresia pathogenesis and progression - a riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 17:343-352. [PMID: 36908275 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2023.2191188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biliary atresia is a potentially fatal condition of the bile ducts - both intra- and extrahepatic, for which we have no cure. Though principally a cholestatic condition, much of its pathology stems from its tendency to aggressively induce liver fibrosis and ultimately cirrhosis, only partially restrained by the portoenterostomy. AREAS COVERED This review is based on the current literature exploring the heterogeneous nature of biliary atresia. Thus, there are various phenotypes or variants of biliary atresia, each potentially with different etiological backgrounds caused by a number of hypothetical pathological mechanisms thought to be important in the genesis of the condition. Search methodology: the review (Oct. - Nov. 2022) is based on a search of PubMed (NLM) using main keyword 'biliary atresia' with supplementary searches using 'fibrosis'; 'inflammation'; 'BASM'; 'genetics'; 'surgery'; 'experimental'; 'etiology'; 'virology'; 'cases'; and 'syndromes.' EXPERT OPINION Future developments will be made on matching clinical variants with a more distinct pathophysiological discrimination and those pathways linking the initial cholestatic phase of biliary atresia to the early stages of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Davenport
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Kings College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Rania Kronfli
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Kings College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Erica Makin
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Kings College Hospital, London, UK
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Yildiz E, El Alam G, Perino A, Jalil A, Denechaud PD, Huber K, Fajas L, Auwerx J, Sorrentino G, Schoonjans K. Hepatic lipid overload triggers biliary epithelial cell activation via E2Fs. eLife 2023; 12:81926. [PMID: 36876915 PMCID: PMC10030116 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During severe or chronic hepatic injury, biliary epithelial cells (BECs) undergo rapid activation into proliferating progenitors, a crucial step required to establish a regenerative process known as ductular reaction (DR). While DR is a hallmark of chronic liver diseases, including advanced stages of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the early events underlying BEC activation are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that BECs readily accumulate lipids during high-fat diet feeding in mice and upon fatty acid treatment in BEC-derived organoids. Lipid overload induces metabolic rewiring to support the conversion of adult cholangiocytes into reactive BECs. Mechanistically, we found that lipid overload activates the E2F transcription factors in BECs, which drive cell cycle progression while promoting glycolytic metabolism. These findings demonstrate that fat overload is sufficient to reprogram BECs into progenitor cells in the early stages of NAFLD and provide new insights into the mechanistic basis of this process, revealing unexpected connections between lipid metabolism, stemness, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Yildiz
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gaby El Alam
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Perino
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Jalil
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Katharina Huber
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lluis Fajas
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- INSERM, Occitanie, Montpellier, France
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Sorrentino
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kristina Schoonjans
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Khonde P, Chatterjee D, Bogacki M, Liszewski MK, Ford AL, Miner JJ, Atkinson JP, Brunt EM. Liver Pathology in Retinal Vasculopathy with Cerebral Leukoencephalopathy and Systemic Manifestations (RVCL-S): Vasculopathic Disease Beyond Nodular Regenerative Hyperplasia (NRH). Hum Pathol 2023; 135:22-34. [PMID: 36871865 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2023.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy and systemic manifestations (RVCL-S) is a rare autosomal dominant disease resulting from a frame-shift mutation in TREX1, an intracellular 3'-5' exonuclease 1. Hepatic findings include an elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH). Affected individuals typically succumb to brain lesions prior to clinically apparent hepatic manifestations; thus, little else is known about the hepatic pathology. DESIGN Autopsy reports and a liver section from each (n=11) of three unrelated kindreds with the most common mutation in TREX1 (V235Gfs*6) were studied with standard and immunohistochemical stains. Cases were compared with "normal liver" controls from similar autopsy years. RESULTS Cases consisted of six men and five women who died at a median age of 50 yr. (range 41- 60yr.). Seven had elevated ALP. Two had liver atrophy. Foci of NRH were variably detected in all. Inhomogeneous distribution of other findings included patternless parenchymal fibrous bands, approximation of vascular structures, and commonly, architectural changes of vascular structures. Only bile duct epithelia were unaffected. Additionally, small trichrome-positive nodules were found along vein walls or isolated in the parenchyma. Rare foci of non-NRH hepatocytic nodules were noted in three. Increased CD34 and altered α-SMA IHC expression were variably noted. Periportal ductules and perivenular K7 IHC expression were increased to unpredictable degrees. CONCLUSIONS The extensive but inhomogeneous histopathologic findings in livers of autopsied patients with RVCL-S appear to involve hepatic vascular structures. These findings validate inclusion of vascular liver involvement beyond NRH in this complex hereditary disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Khonde
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Deyali Chatterjee
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030
| | | | | | - Andria L Ford
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Jonathan J Miner
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, 522B Johnson Pavilion, 3610 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | | | - Elizabeth M Brunt
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110.
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82
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Quelhas P, Breton MC, Oliveira RC, Cipriano MA, Teixeira P, Cerski CT, Shivakumar P, Vieira SMG, Kieling CO, Verde I, Santos JLD. HIF-1alpha-pathway activation in cholangiocytes of patients with biliary atresia: An immunohistochemical/molecular exploratory study. J Pediatr Surg 2023; 58:587-594. [PMID: 36150932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2022.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biliary atresia is a neonatal disease characterized by choledochal obstruction and progressive cholangiopathy requiring liver transplantation in most patients. Hypoxia-ischemia affecting the biliary epithelium may lead to biliary obstruction. We hypothesized that ischemic cholangiopathy involving disruption of the peribiliary vascular plexus could act as a triggering event in biliary atresia pathogenesis. METHODS Liver and porta hepatis paraffin-embedded samples of patients with biliary atresia or intrahepatic neonatal cholestasis (controls) were immunohistochemically evaluated for HIF-1alpha-nuclear signals. Frozen histological samples were analyzed for gene expression in molecular profiles associated with hypoxia-ischemia. Prospective clinical-laboratory and histopathological data of biliary atresia patients and controls were reviewed. RESULTS Immunohistochemical HIF-1alpha signals localized to cholangiocytes were detected exclusively in liver specimens from biliary atresia patients. In 37.5% of liver specimens, HIF-1alpha signals were observed in biliary structures involving progenitor cell niches and peribiliary vascular plexus. HIF-1alpha signals were also detected in biliary remnants of 81.8% of porta hepatis specimens. Increased gene expression of molecules linked to REDOX status, biliary proliferation, and angiogenesis was identified in biliary atresia liver specimens. In addition, there was a trend towards decreased GSR expression levels in the HIF-1alpha-positive group compared to the HIF-1alpha-negative group. CONCLUSION Activation of the HIF-1alpha pathway may be associated with the pathogenesis of biliary atresia, and additional studies are necessary to confirm the significance of this finding. Ischemic cholangiopathy and REDOX status disturbance are putative explanations for HIF-1alpha activation. These findings may give rise to novel lines of clinical and therapeutic investigation in the BA field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Quelhas
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Michele Claire Breton
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Rui Caetano Oliveira
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário, Universidade de Coimbra (SAP-CHUC), Portugal; Instituto de Biofísica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Augusta Cipriano
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário, Universidade de Coimbra (SAP-CHUC), Portugal; Instituto de Biofísica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo Teixeira
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário, Universidade de Coimbra (SAP-CHUC), Portugal; Instituto de Biofísica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos Thadeu Cerski
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Department of Pathology, Brazil
| | - Pranavkumar Shivakumar
- Divisions of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and The Liver Care Center at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Sandra Maria Gonçalves Vieira
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Department of Pediatrics, Brazil; Unidade de Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Brazil; Programa de Transplante de Fígado Pediátrico, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Brazil
| | - Carlos Oscar Kieling
- Unidade de Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Brazil
| | - Ignacio Verde
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Jorge Luiz Dos Santos
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Covilhã, Portugal.
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Abstract
Autoimmune liver diseases (AILD) are a group of immune-mediated liver inflammatory diseases with three major forms including autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Interaction of both genetic and environmental factors leads to the breakdown of self-tolerance, hence resulting in hyper-responsive of autoantibodies and aggressive autoreactive immune cells. Genetic studies have identified dozens of risk loci associated with initiation and development of AILD. However, the role of exogenous factors remains unclear. Recently, both infectious and inflammatory diseases have been associated with microbiota, which colonizes multiple mucosal surfaces and participates in human physiological process and function in immune system, particularly influencing liver, and biliary system via gut-liver axis. Emerging evidence on the role of gut microbiota has expanded our knowledge of AILD in both pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets, along with putative diagnosis biomarkers. Herein we review the relationship between host and gut microbiota, discuss their potential roles in disease onset and progression, and summarize the compositional and functional alterations of the microbiota in AILD. We also highlighted the microbiota-based therapeutics such as antibiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Qian
- School of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei He
- School of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruqi Tang
- School of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiong Ma
- School of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China -
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84
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Yan ZJ, Chen L, Wang HY. To be or not to be: The double-edged sword roles of liver progenitor cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188870. [PMID: 36842766 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Given the liver's remarkable and unique regenerative capacity, researchers have long focused on liver progenitor cells (LPCs) and liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs). LPCs can differentiate into both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. However, the mechanism underlying cell conversion and its distinct contribution to liver homeostasis and tumorigenesis remain unclear. In this review, we discuss the complicated conversions involving LPCs and LCSCs. As the critical intermediate state in malignant transformation, LPCs play double-edged sword roles. LPCs are not only involved in hepatic wound-healing responses by supplementing liver cells and bile duct cells in the damaged liver but may transform into LCSCs under dysregulation of key signaling pathways, resulting in refractory malignant liver tumors. Because LPC lineages are temporally and spatially dynamic, we discuss crucial LPC subgroups and summarize regulatory factors correlating with the trajectories of LPCs and LCSCs in the liver tumor microenvironment. This review elaborates on the double-edged sword roles of LPCs to help understand the liver's regenerative potential and tumor heterogeneity. Understanding the sources and transformations of LPCs is essential in determining how to exploit their regenerative capacity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jun Yan
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai 200438, PR China; Key Laboratory of Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer (SMMU), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200438, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Tumor Biology (EHBH), Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Lei Chen
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai 200438, PR China; Key Laboratory of Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer (SMMU), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200438, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Tumor Biology (EHBH), Shanghai 200438, PR China.
| | - Hong-Yang Wang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai 200438, PR China; Key Laboratory of Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer (SMMU), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200438, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Tumor Biology (EHBH), Shanghai 200438, PR China.
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85
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Katsuda T, Sussman J, Ito K, Katznelson A, Yuan S, Li J, Merrell AJ, Takenaka N, Cure H, Li Q, Rasool RU, Asangani IA, Zaret KS, Stanger BZ. Physiological reprogramming in vivo mediated by Sox4 pioneer factor activity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.14.528556. [PMID: 36824858 PMCID: PMC9948957 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.14.528556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Tissue damage elicits cell fate switching through a process called metaplasia, but how the starting cell fate is silenced and the new cell fate is activated has not been investigated in animals. In cell culture, pioneer transcription factors mediate "reprogramming" by opening new chromatin sites for expression that can attract transcription factors from the starting cell's enhancers. Here we report that Sox4 is sufficient to initiate hepatobiliary metaplasia in the adult liver. In lineage-traced cells, we assessed the timing of Sox4-mediated opening of enhancer chromatin versus enhancer decommissioning. Initially, Sox4 directly binds to and closes hepatocyte regulatory sequences via a motif it overlaps with Hnf4a, a hepatocyte master regulator. Subsequently, Sox4 exerts pioneer factor activity to open biliary regulatory sequences. The results delineate a hierarchy by which gene networks become reprogrammed under physiological conditions, providing deeper insight into the basis for cell fate transitions in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Katsuda
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jonathan Sussman
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kenji Ito
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- The Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA
| | - Andrew Katznelson
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- The Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA
| | - Salina Yuan
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jinyang Li
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Allyson J. Merrell
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Naomi Takenaka
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- The Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA
| | - Hector Cure
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Qinglan Li
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- The Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA
| | - Reyaz Ur Rasool
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Irfan A. Asangani
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kenneth S. Zaret
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- The Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ben Z. Stanger
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- The Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA
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86
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Yang X, Batmanov K, Hu W, Zhu K, Tom AY, Guan D, Jiang C, Cheng L, McCright SJ, Yang EC, Lanza MR, Liu Y, Hill DA, Lazar MA. Hepatocytes demarcated by EphB2 contribute to the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadc9653. [PMID: 36753562 PMCID: PMC10234568 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adc9653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Current therapeutic strategies for treating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) have failed to alleviate liver fibrosis, which is a devastating feature leading to hepatic dysfunction. Here, we integrated single-nucleus transcriptomics and epigenomics to characterize all major liver cell types during NASH development in mice and humans. The bifurcation of hepatocyte trajectory with NASH progression was conserved between mice and humans. At the nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) stage, hepatocytes exhibited metabolic adaptation, whereas at the NASH stage, a subset of hepatocytes was enriched for the signatures of cell adhesion and migration, which were mainly demarcated by receptor tyrosine kinase ephrin type B receptor 2 (EphB2). EphB2, acting as a downstream effector of Notch signaling in hepatocytes, was sufficient to induce cell-autonomous inflammation. Knockdown of Ephb2 in hepatocytes ameliorated inflammation and fibrosis in a mouse model of NASH. Thus, EphB2-expressing hepatocytes contribute to NASH progression and may serve as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kirill Batmanov
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wenxiang Hu
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Basic Research, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangdong 510005, China
| | - Kun Zhu
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alexander Y. Tom
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dongyin Guan
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chunjie Jiang
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lan Cheng
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sam J. McCright
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, PA19104, USA
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA
| | - Eric C. Yang
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew R. Lanza
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yifan Liu
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David A. Hill
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA
| | - Mitchell A. Lazar
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lead Contact
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Kim M, Rizvi F, Shin D, Gouon-Evans V. Update on Hepatobiliary Plasticity. Semin Liver Dis 2023; 43:13-23. [PMID: 36764306 PMCID: PMC10005859 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1760306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The liver field has been debating for decades the contribution of the plasticity of the two epithelial compartments in the liver, hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells (BECs), to derive each other as a repair mechanism. The hepatobiliary plasticity has been first observed in diseased human livers by the presence of biphenotypic cells expressing hepatocyte and BEC markers within bile ducts and regenerative nodules or budding from strings of proliferative BECs in septa. These observations are not surprising as hepatocytes and BECs derive from a common fetal progenitor, the hepatoblast, and, as such, they are expected to compensate for each other's loss in adults. To investigate the cell origin of regenerated cell compartments and associated molecular mechanisms, numerous murine and zebrafish models with ability to trace cell fates have been extensively developed. This short review summarizes the clinical and preclinical studies illustrating the hepatobiliary plasticity and its potential therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minwook Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Fatima Rizvi
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Section, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Donghun Shin
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Valerie Gouon-Evans
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Section, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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88
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Oxley M, Francis H, Sato K. Growth Hormone Signaling in Liver Diseases: Therapeutic Potentials and Controversies. Semin Liver Dis 2023; 43:24-30. [PMID: 36652958 DOI: 10.1055/a-2015-1359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) and downstream insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signaling mediate growth and metabolism. GH deficiency causes short stature or dwarfism, and excess GH causes acromegaly. Although the association of GH/IGF1 signaling with liver diseases has been suggested previously, current studies are controversial and the functional roles of GH/IGF1 signaling are still undefined. GH supplementation therapy showed promising therapeutic effects in some patients, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, but inhibition of GH signaling may be beneficial for other liver diseases, such as hepatocellular carcinoma. The functional roles of GH/IGF1 signaling and the effects of agonists/antagonists targeting this signaling may differ depending on the liver injury or animal models. This review summarizes current controversial studies of GH/IGF1 signaling in liver diseases and discusses therapeutic potentials of GH therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madisyn Oxley
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Heather Francis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Keisaku Sato
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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89
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Wan Y, Zhou T, Slevin E, Koyama S, Li X, Harrison K, Li T, Zhou B, Lorenzo SR, Zhang Y, Xu W, Klaunig JE, Wu C, Shetty AK, Huang CK, Meng F. Liver-specific deletion of microRNA-34a alleviates ductular reaction and liver fibrosis during experimental cholestasis. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22731. [PMID: 36583714 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201453r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic liver disease characterized by inflammatory responses and fibrotic scar formation leading to cholestasis. Ductular reaction and liver fibrosis are typical liver changes seen in human PSC and cholestasis patients. The current study aimed to clarify the role of liver-specific microRNA-34a in the cholestasis-associated ductular reaction and liver fibrosis. We demonstrated that miR-34a expression was significantly increased in human PSC livers along with the enhanced ductular reaction, cellular senescence, and liver fibrosis. A liver-specific miR-34a knockout mouse was established by crossing floxed miR-34a mice with albumin-promoter-driven Cre mice. Bile duct ligation (BDL) induced liver injury characterized by necrosis, fibrosis, and immune cell infiltration. In contrast, liver-specific miR-34a knockout in BDL mice resulted in decreased biliary ductular pathology associated with the reduced cholangiocyte senescence and fibrotic responses. The miR-34a-mediated ductular reactions may be functioning through Sirt-1-mediated senescence and fibrosis. The hepatocyte-derived conditioned medium promoted LPS-induced fibrotic responses and senescence in cholangiocytes, and miR-34a inhibitor suppressed these effects, further supporting the involvement of paracrine regulation. In conclusion, we demonstrated that liver-specific miR-34a plays an important role in ductular reaction and fibrotic responses in a BDL mouse model of cholestatic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Elise Slevin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Sachiko Koyama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Xuedong Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Kelly Harrison
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Baylor Scott & White Memorial Hospital, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Bingru Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | | | - Yudian Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Xu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - James E Klaunig
- Laboratory of Investigative Toxicology and Pathology, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Indiana School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Ashok K Shetty
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Chiung-Kuei Huang
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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90
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Kyritsi K, Wu N, Zhou T, Carpino G, Baiocchi L, Kennedy L, Chen L, Ceci L, Meyer AA, Barupala N, Franchitto A, Onori P, Ekser B, Gaudio E, Wu C, Marakovits C, Chakraborty S, Francis H, Glaser S, Alpini G. Knockout of secretin ameliorates biliary and liver phenotypes during alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:5. [PMID: 36624475 PMCID: PMC9830859 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00945-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is characterized by ductular reaction (DR), liver inflammation, steatosis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. The secretin (Sct)/secretin receptor (SR) axis (expressed only by cholangiocytes) regulates liver phenotypes in cholestasis. We evaluated the role of Sct signaling on ALD phenotypes. METHODS We used male wild-type and Sct-/- mice fed a control diet (CD) or ethanol (EtOH) for 8 wk. Changes in liver phenotypes were measured in mice, female/male healthy controls, and patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. Since Cyp4a10 and Cyp4a11/22 regulate EtOH liver metabolism, we measured their expression in mouse/human liver. We evaluated: (i) the immunoreactivity of the lipogenesis enzyme elongation of very-long-chain fatty acids 1 (Elovl, mainly expressed by hepatocytes) in mouse/human liver sections by immunostaining; (ii) the expression of miR-125b (that is downregulated in cholestasis by Sct) in mouse liver by qPCR; and (iii) total bile acid (BA) levels in mouse liver by enzymatic assay, and the mRNA expression of genes regulating BA synthesis (cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase, Cyp27a1, 12a-hydroxylase, Cyp8b1, and oxysterol 7a-hydroxylase, Cyp7b11) and transport (bile salt export pump, Bsep, Na+-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide, NTCP, and the organic solute transporter alpha (OSTa) in mouse liver by qPCR. RESULTS In EtOH-fed WT mice there was increased biliary and liver damage compared to control mice, but decreased miR-125b expression, phenotypes that were blunted in EtOH-fed Sct-/- mice. The expression of Cyp4a10 increased in cholangiocytes and hepatocytes from EtOH-fed WT compared to control mice but decreased in EtOH-fed Sct-/- mice. There was increased immunoreactivity of Cyp4a11/22 in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis compared to controls. The expression of miR-125b decreased in EtOH-fed WT mice but returned at normal values in EtOH-fed Sct-/- mice. Elovl1 immunoreactivity increased in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis compared to controls. There was no difference in BA levels between WT mice fed CD or EtOH; BA levels decreased in EtOH-fed Sct-/- compared to EtOH-fed WT mice. There was increased expression of Cyp27a1, Cyp8b1, Cyp7b1, Bsep, NTCP and Osta in total liver from EtOH-fed WT compared to control mice, which decreased in EtOH-fed Sct-/- compared to EtOH-fed WT mice. CONCLUSIONS Targeting Sct/SR signaling may be important for modulating ALD phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Kyritsi
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Nan Wu
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Guido Carpino
- grid.7841.aDepartment of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Baiocchi
- grid.6530.00000 0001 2300 0941Unit of Hepatology, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA ,grid.280828.80000 0000 9681 3540Division of Research, Indiana Center for Liver Research, Gastroenterology, Medicine, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center and Indiana University, 702 Rotary Circle, Rm. 013C, Indianapolis, IN 46202-2859 USA
| | - Lixian Chen
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Ludovica Ceci
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA ,grid.7841.aDepartment of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alison Ann Meyer
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Nipuni Barupala
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Antonio Franchitto
- grid.412756.30000 0000 8580 6601Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Onori
- grid.7841.aDepartment of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Burcin Ekser
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- grid.7841.aDepartment of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chaodong Wu
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
| | - Corinn Marakovits
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Sanjukta Chakraborty
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, 8447 Riverside Parkway, MREB II, Room 2342, Bryan, TX 77807-3260 USA
| | - Heather Francis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA. .,Division of Research, Indiana Center for Liver Research, Gastroenterology, Medicine, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center and Indiana University, 702 Rotary Circle, Rm. 013C, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-2859, USA.
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, 8447 Riverside Parkway, MREB II, Room 2342, Bryan, TX, 77807-3260, USA.
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA. .,Division of Research, Indiana Center for Liver Research, Gastroenterology, Medicine, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center and Indiana University, 702 Rotary Circle, Rm. 013C, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-2859, USA.
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91
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Short C, Zhong A, Xu J, Mahdi E, Glazier A, Malkoff N, Noriega N, Yeo T, Asahina K, Wang KS. TWEAK/FN14 promotes profibrogenic pathway activation in Prominin-1-expressing hepatic progenitor cells in biliary atresia. Hepatology 2023; 77:1639-1653. [PMID: 36626628 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Biliary atresia (BA), a congenital cholestatic liver disease, commonly culminates in end-stage liver disease. We previously demonstrated in BA that Prominin-1 ( Prom1 )-expressing hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) expand within regions of developing fibrosis, giving rise to cholangiocytes within biliary ductular reactions. Null mutation of Prom1 or ablation of cells expressing Prom1 significantly diminishes fibrogenesis. FN14, the receptor for TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), is expressed by HPCs. TWEAK/FN14 signaling promotes fibrosis in multiple organ systems. Therefore, we hypothesized that TWEAK/FN14 signaling mediates Prom1 -expressing HPC proliferation leading to profibrogenic ductular reactions in BA. APPROACH AND RESULTS The experimental mouse model of BA mediated by perinatal rhesus rotavirus (RRV) infection resulted in increased co-expression of Fn14 in Prom1 -expressing HPCs within regions of ductular reactions. FN14 antagonist L524-0366 decreased ductular reactions, biliary fibrosis and periportal fibroblast activation in RRV injury. L524-0366 inhibition also demonstrated loss of downstream noncanonical NF-kB signaling expression in RRV injury. Murine HPC organoids demonstrated accelerated organoid growth and proliferation when treated with recombinant TWEAK. Increased organoid proliferation with recombinant TWEAK was lost when also treated with L524-0366. Analysis of a large publicly available RNA sequencing database of BA and normal control patients revealed significant increases in expression of PROM1 , FN14 , and genes downstream of TNF signaling and noncanonical NF-κB signaling pathways in BA infants. Infants who failed to achieve bile drainage after hepatoportoenterostomy had higher relative levels of FN14 expression. CONCLUSION TWEAK/FN14 signaling activation in Prom1 -expressing HPCs contributes to proliferation of profibrogenic ductular reactions in BA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Short
- Developmental Biology, Regenerative Medicine, and Stem Cell Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Allen Zhong
- Developmental Biology, Regenerative Medicine, and Stem Cell Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jiabo Xu
- Developmental Biology, Regenerative Medicine, and Stem Cell Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Elaa Mahdi
- Developmental Biology, Regenerative Medicine, and Stem Cell Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alison Glazier
- Developmental Biology, Regenerative Medicine, and Stem Cell Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nicolas Malkoff
- Developmental Biology, Regenerative Medicine, and Stem Cell Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nicolas Noriega
- Developmental Biology, Regenerative Medicine, and Stem Cell Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Theresa Yeo
- Developmental Biology, Regenerative Medicine, and Stem Cell Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kinji Asahina
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Central Research Laboratory, Shiga University of Medical Science, Ōtsu, Shiga Prefecture, Japan
| | - Kasper S Wang
- Developmental Biology, Regenerative Medicine, and Stem Cell Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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92
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Monga SP, Nejak-Bowen K. Ductular Reaction and Liver Regeneration: Fulfilling the Prophecy of Prometheus! Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 15:806-808. [PMID: 36436755 PMCID: PMC9950958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satdarshan P Monga
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | - Kari Nejak-Bowen
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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93
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Ding Z, Song W, Zhu W, Xie H, Zhu Z, Tang W. Bioinformatics analysis identifies heparan sulfate proteoglycans acting as different progress subtypes of biliary atresia. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1065521. [PMID: 36816373 PMCID: PMC9932896 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1065521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biliary atresia (BA) is a life-threatening disorder, which is characterized by the obliteration of biliary tracts. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are important regulators in liver diseases. Whether HSPGs participate in the development of BA is poorly understood. METHODS RNA-seq dataset GSE122340, including 171 BA and 7 normal liver tissue, was integrated for bioinformatic analysis. R function "wilcox.test" was used to compare HSPGs expression levels, and "cor.test" was used to evaluate the correlation analysis. MCPcounter was used to assess the abundance of immunocytes. Molecular subtypes of BA were clustered via NMF clustering and LASSO regression was applied to screen hub HSPGs genes in BA clusters. RT-PCR analysis was used to assess the expression of hub HSPGs in BA liver. Immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence assay were used to evaluated the location and expression of hub HSPGs in BA liver tissue. RESULTS Majority of HSPGs was up-regulated in BA and correlated with liver fibrosis and ductular reaction markers. The abundance of immunocytes was higher in BA and associated with HSPGs. Based on the expression of HSPGs, BA patients were classified into 3 subtypes (C1, C2, and C3). Pathway enrichment analysis revealed C1 subtype had severe liver injury with SDC4 identified as the hub gene, while C3 subtype presented relatively normal liver condition with GPC3 identified as the hub gene. RT-PCR analysis demonstrated the expression levels of 2 hub genes in BA liver tissue with different jaundice clearance standards. Immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence assay showed that SDC4 was mostly expressed in ductular reaction area, while GPC3 was mostly expressed in hepatocytes. CONCLUSION Majority of HSPGs are aberrant expressed in BA. The subtype hub gene SDC4 and GPC3 might be used as a potential indicator for different types of prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zequan Ding
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenyu Song
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Xie
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongxian Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weibing Tang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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94
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Sato K, Pham L, Glaser S, Francis H, Alpini G. Pathophysiological Roles of Ductular Reaction in Liver Inflammation and Hepatic Fibrogenesis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 15:803-805. [PMID: 36435428 PMCID: PMC9950939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keisaku Sato
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
| | - Linh Pham
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Department of Science and Mathematics, Texas A&M University - Central Texas, Killeen, Texas
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas
| | - Heather Francis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
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95
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Secretin alleviates biliary and liver injury during late-stage primary biliary cholangitis via restoration of secretory processes. J Hepatol 2023; 78:99-113. [PMID: 35987275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is characterised by ductopenia, ductular reaction, impairment of anion exchanger 2 (AE2) and the 'bicarbonate umbrella'. Ductulo-canalicular junction (DCJ) derangement is hypothesised to promote PBC progression. The secretin (Sct)/secretin receptor (SR) axis regulates cystic fibrosis transmembrane receptor (CFTR) and AE2, thus promoting choleresis. We evaluated the role of Sct/SR signalling on biliary secretory processes and subsequent injury in a late-stage PBC mouse model and human samples. METHODS At 32 weeks of age, female and male wild-type and dominant-negative transforming growth factor beta receptor II (late-stage PBC model) mice were treated with Sct for 1 or 8 weeks. Bulk RNA-sequencing was performed in isolated cholangiocytes from mouse models. RESULTS Biliary Sct/SR/CFTR/AE2 expression and bile bicarbonate levels were reduced in late-stage PBC mouse models and human samples. Sct treatment decreased bile duct loss, ductular reaction, inflammation, and fibrosis in late-stage PBC models. Sct reduced hepatic bile acid levels, modified bile acid composition, and restored the DCJ and 'bicarbonate umbrella'. RNA-sequencing identified that Sct promoted mature epithelial marker expression, specifically anterior grade protein 2 (Agr2). Late-stage PBC models and human samples exhibited reduced biliary mucin 1 levels, which were enhanced by Sct treatment. CONCLUSION Loss of Sct/SR signalling in late-stage PBC results in a faulty 'bicarbonate umbrella' and reduced Agr2-mediated mucin production. Sct restores cholangiocyte secretory processes and DCJ formation through enhanced mature cholangiocyte phenotypes and bile duct growth. Sct treatment may be beneficial for individuals with late-stage PBC. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS Secretin (Sct) regulates biliary proliferation and bicarbonate secretion in cholangiocytes via its receptor, SR, and in mouse models and human samples of late-stage primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), the Sct/SR axis is blunted along with loss of the protective 'bicarbonate umbrella'. We found that both short- and long-term Sct treatment ameliorated ductular reaction, immune cell influx, and liver fibrosis in late-stage PBC mouse models. Importantly, Sct treatment promoted bicarbonate and mucin secretion and hepatic bile acid efflux, thus reducing cholestatic and toxic bile acid-associated injury in late-stage PBC mouse models. Our work perpetuates the hypothesis that PBC pathogenesis hinges on secretory defects, and restoration of secretory processes that promote the 'bicarbonate umbrella' may be important for amelioration of PBC-associated damage.
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96
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Roehlen N, Saviano A, El Saghire H, Crouchet E, Nehme Z, Del Zompo F, Jühling F, Oudot MA, Durand SC, Duong FHT, Cherradi S, Gonzalez Motos V, Almeida N, Ponsolles C, Heydmann L, Ostyn T, Lallement A, Pessaux P, Felli E, Cavalli A, Sgrignani J, Thumann C, Koutsopoulos O, Fuchs BC, Hoshida Y, Hofmann M, Vyberg M, Viuff BM, Galsgaard ED, Elson G, Toso A, Meyer M, Iacone R, Schweighoffer T, Teixeira G, Moll S, De Vito C, Roskams T, Davidson I, Heide D, Heikenwälder M, Zeisel MB, Lupberger J, Mailly L, Schuster C, Baumert TF. A monoclonal antibody targeting nonjunctional claudin-1 inhibits fibrosis in patient-derived models by modulating cell plasticity. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabj4221. [PMID: 36542691 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abj4221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tissue fibrosis is a key driver of end-stage organ failure and cancer, overall accounting for up to 45% of deaths in developed countries. There is a large unmet medical need for antifibrotic therapies. Claudin-1 (CLDN1) is a member of the tight junction protein family. Although the role of CLDN1 incorporated in tight junctions is well established, the function of nonjunctional CLDN1 (njCLDN1) is largely unknown. Using highly specific monoclonal antibodies targeting a conformation-dependent epitope of exposed njCLDN1, we show in patient-derived liver three-dimensional fibrosis and human liver chimeric mouse models that CLDN1 is a mediator and target for liver fibrosis. Targeting CLDN1 reverted inflammation-induced hepatocyte profibrogenic signaling and cell fate and suppressed the myofibroblast differentiation of hepatic stellate cells. Safety studies of a fully humanized antibody in nonhuman primates did not reveal any serious adverse events even at high steady-state concentrations. Our results provide preclinical proof of concept for CLDN1-specific monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of advanced liver fibrosis and cancer prevention. Antifibrotic effects in lung and kidney fibrosis models further indicate a role of CLDN1 as a therapeutic target for tissue fibrosis across organs. In conclusion, our data pave the way for further therapeutic exploration of CLDN1-targeting therapies for fibrotic diseases in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Roehlen
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMR-S1110, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Antonio Saviano
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMR-S1110, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU), Pôle Hépato-digestif, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Houssein El Saghire
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMR-S1110, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Emilie Crouchet
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMR-S1110, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Zeina Nehme
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMR-S1110, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Fabio Del Zompo
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMR-S1110, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Frank Jühling
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMR-S1110, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Marine A Oudot
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMR-S1110, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sarah C Durand
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMR-S1110, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - François H T Duong
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMR-S1110, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sara Cherradi
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMR-S1110, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Victor Gonzalez Motos
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMR-S1110, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nuno Almeida
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMR-S1110, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Clara Ponsolles
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMR-S1110, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Laura Heydmann
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMR-S1110, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Tessa Ostyn
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Antonin Lallement
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMR-S1110, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/UNISTRA, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Patrick Pessaux
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMR-S1110, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU), Pôle Hépato-digestif, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Emanuele Felli
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMR-S1110, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU), Pôle Hépato-digestif, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Jacopo Sgrignani
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Christine Thumann
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMR-S1110, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Olga Koutsopoulos
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMR-S1110, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Bryan C Fuchs
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Maike Hofmann
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mogens Vyberg
- Center of RNA Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University Copenhagen, 2450 København, Denmark.,Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
| | | | | | - Greg Elson
- Alentis Therapeutics, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Toso
- Alentis Therapeutics, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Markus Meyer
- Alentis Therapeutics, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Solange Moll
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claudio De Vito
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tania Roskams
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Irwin Davidson
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/UNISTRA, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Danijela Heide
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mathias Heikenwälder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mirjam B Zeisel
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMR-S1110, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Joachim Lupberger
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMR-S1110, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurent Mailly
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMR-S1110, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Catherine Schuster
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMR-S1110, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas F Baumert
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMR-S1110, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU), Pôle Hépato-digestif, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, 75006 Paris, France
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97
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Sjöblom N, Boyd S, Manninen A, Blom S, Knuuttila A, Färkkilä M, Arola J. Automated image analysis of keratin 7 staining can predict disease outcome in primary sclerosing cholangitis. Hepatol Res 2022; 53:322-333. [PMID: 36495019 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease that obstructs the bile ducts and causes liver cirrhosis and cholangiocarcinoma. Efficient surrogate markers are required to measure disease progression. The cytokeratin 7 (K7) load in a liver specimen is an independent prognostic indicator that can be measured from digitalized slides using artificial intelligence (AI)-based models. METHODS A K7-AI model 2.0 was built to measure the hepatocellular K7 load area of the parenchyma, portal tracts, and biliary epithelium. K7-stained PSC liver biopsy specimens (n = 295) were analyzed. A compound endpoint (liver transplantation, liver-related death, and cholangiocarcinoma) was applied in Kaplan-Meier survival analysis to measure AUC values and positive likelihood ratios for each histological variable detected by the model. RESULTS The K7-AI model 2.0 was a better prognostic tool than plasma alkaline phosphatase, the fibrosis stage evaluated by Nakanuma classification, or K7 score evaluated by a pathologist based on the AUC values of measured variables. A combination of parameters, such as portal tract volume and area of K7-positive hepatocytes analyzed by the model, produced an AUC of 0.81 for predicting the compound endpoint. Portal tract volume measured by the model correlated with the histological fibrosis stage. CONCLUSIONS The K7 staining of histological liver specimens in PSC provides significant information on disease outcomes through objective and reproducible data, including variables that cannot be measured by a human pathologist. The K7-AI model 2.0 could serve as a prognostic tool for clinical endpoints and as a surrogate marker in drug trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelli Sjöblom
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sonja Boyd
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Sami Blom
- Aiforia Technologies Oyj, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Martti Färkkilä
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Arola
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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98
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Partially hydrolyzed guar gum alleviates hepatic steatosis and alters specific gut microbiota in a murine liver injury model. Pediatr Surg Int 2022; 38:1759-1768. [PMID: 36094546 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-022-05221-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The gut microbiota, via the gut-liver axis, plays an important role in the development of intestinal failure-associated liver disease. Here, we investigated whether partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG), a dietary fiber could alleviate liver damage and modulate the gut microbiota in a murine liver injury (LI) model. METHODS Liver injury was induced in 6-week-old male C57BL/6 mice using an enteral liquid diet composed of parenteral nutrition (LI group) and treated with 5% PHGG (LI/PHGG group). Liver histopathology was examined using oil red O and a tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) labeling. The gut microbiota was examined using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS Lipid accumulation was significantly decreased in the LI /PHGG group when compared with that of the LI group. The area of TNF-α-positive cells was significantly higher in the LI group when compared with that of the control. The principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) revealed pronounced changes in the gut microbiota after PHGG treatment. Linear discriminant analysis of effect size showed that PHGG treatment significantly increased cecal abundance of Parabacteroides. CONCLUSIONS PHGG alleviated hepatic steatosis following liver injury in mice. The protective effect of PHGG treatment could be associated with increased abundance of Parabacteroides in the cecum.
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99
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Rosenberg N, Van Haele M, Lanton T, Brashi N, Bromberg Z, Adler H, Giladi H, Peled A, Goldenberg DS, Axelrod JH, Simerzin A, Chai C, Paldor M, Markezana A, Yaish D, Shemulian Z, Gross D, Barnoy S, Gefen M, Amran O, Claerhout S, Fernández-Vaquero M, García-Beccaria M, Heide D, Shoshkes-Carmel M, Schmidt Arras D, Elgavish S, Nevo Y, Benyamini H, Tirnitz-Parker JEE, Sanchez A, Herrera B, Safadi R, Kaestner KH, Rose-John S, Roskams T, Heikenwalder M, Galun E. Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma derives from liver progenitor cells and depends on senescence and IL-6 trans-signaling. J Hepatol 2022; 77:1631-1641. [PMID: 35988690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Primary liver cancers include hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and combined HCC-CCA tumors (cHCC-CCA). It has been suggested, but not unequivocally proven, that hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) can contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis. We aimed to determine whether HPCs contribute to HCC, cHCC-CCA or both types of tumors. METHODS To trace progenitor cells during hepatocarcinogenesis, we generated Mdr2-KO mice that harbor a yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) reporter gene driven by the Foxl1 promoter which is expressed specifically in progenitor cells. These mice (Mdr2-KOFoxl1-CRE;RosaYFP) develop chronic inflammation and HCCs by the age of 14-16 months, followed by cHCC-CCA tumors at the age of 18 months. RESULTS In this Mdr2-KOFoxl1-CRE;RosaYFP mouse model, liver progenitor cells are the source of cHCC-CCA tumors, but not the source of HCC. Ablating the progenitors, caused reduction of cHCC-CCA tumors but did not affect HCCs. RNA-sequencing revealed enrichment of the IL-6 signaling pathway in cHCC-CCA tumors compared to HCC tumors. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis revealed that IL-6 is expressed by immune and parenchymal cells during senescence, and that IL-6 is part of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Administration of an anti-IL-6 antibody to Mdr2-KOFoxl1-CRE;RosaYFP mice inhibited the development of cHCC-CCA tumors. Blocking IL-6 trans-signaling led to a decrease in the number and size of cHCC-CCA tumors, indicating their dependence on this pathway. Furthermore, the administration of a senolytic agent inhibited IL-6 and the development of cHCC-CCA tumors. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that cHCC-CCA, but not HCC tumors, originate from HPCs, and that IL-6, which derives in part from cells in senescence, plays an important role in this process via IL-6 trans-signaling. These findings could be applied to develop new therapeutic approaches for cHCC-CCA tumors. LAY SUMMARY Combined hepatocellular carcinoma-cholangiocarcinoma is the third most prevalent type of primary liver cancer (i.e. a cancer that originates in the liver). Herein, we show that this type of cancer originates in stem cells in the liver and that it depends on inflammatory signaling. Specifically, we identify a cytokine called IL-6 that appears to be important in the development of these tumors. Our results could be used for the development of novel treatments for these aggressive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nofar Rosenberg
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene and Cell Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Matthias Van Haele
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Translational Cell and Tissue Research, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tali Lanton
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene and Cell Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Neta Brashi
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene and Cell Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Zohar Bromberg
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene and Cell Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hanan Adler
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene and Cell Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hilla Giladi
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene and Cell Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amnon Peled
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene and Cell Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Daniel S Goldenberg
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene and Cell Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jonathan H Axelrod
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene and Cell Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alina Simerzin
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene and Cell Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Chofit Chai
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene and Cell Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mor Paldor
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene and Cell Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Auerlia Markezana
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene and Cell Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dayana Yaish
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene and Cell Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Zohar Shemulian
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene and Cell Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dvora Gross
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene and Cell Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shanny Barnoy
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene and Cell Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Maytal Gefen
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene and Cell Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Osher Amran
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene and Cell Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sofie Claerhout
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Translational Cell and Tissue Research, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mirian Fernández-Vaquero
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - María García-Beccaria
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Danijela Heide
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michal Shoshkes-Carmel
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Center for Translational Research, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Dirk Schmidt Arras
- Institut für Biochemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany; Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sharona Elgavish
- Bioinformatics Unit, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yuval Nevo
- Bioinformatics Unit, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hadar Benyamini
- Bioinformatics Unit, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Janina E E Tirnitz-Parker
- Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia & Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Crawley, Australia
| | - Aranzazu Sanchez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Herrera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Rifaat Safadi
- The Liver Institute, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Center for Translational Research, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Institut für Biochemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tania Roskams
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Translational Cell and Tissue Research, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; The M3 Research Institute, Rosenauer Weg 30, Medical Faculty Tuebingen (MFT), 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Eithan Galun
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene and Cell Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.
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100
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Hu Y, He X, Zhou X, Liang Y, Fu Y, Zhang L, Fang J, Liu W, Chen G, Mu Y, Zhang H, Cai H, Liu C, Liu P, Chen J. Gypenosides ameliorate ductular reaction and liver fibrosis via inhibition of hedgehog signaling. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1033103. [PMID: 36483737 PMCID: PMC9722742 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1033103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgroud and aims: Ductular reaction (DR) is a common pathological change and thought to have a key role in the pathogenesis and progression of liver fibrosis. Our previous study reported Gypenosides (GPs) ameliorated liver fibrosis, however, the anti-fibrotic mechanisms of GPs are still unclear. Methods: Liver fibrosis was induced in rats by carbon tetrachloride combining with 2-acerylaminofluorene (CCl4/2-AAF), and Mdr2 knockout (Mdr2 -/-) mice to evaluate the anti-fibrotic role of GPs. In vitro, WB-F344 cells, a hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) line, with or without Gli1 overexpressing lentiviral vectors, were induced by sodium butyrate (SB) to validate the mechanism of GPs and NPLC0393, the main ingredient of GPs. Results: Both in CCl4/2-AAF-treated rats and Mdr2 -/- mice, GPs obviously reduced the deposition of collagen and hydroxyproline content, inhibited the activation of hepatic stellate cells and inflammatory cell infiltration. Notably, GPs reduced the expressions of Epcam, CK19, CK7, Dhh, Smo, Ptch2, Gli1 and Gli2. Furthermore, CK19+ cells co-expressed Gli1, while the number of CK19+/Gli1+ cells was decreased by GPs. In vitro, GPs and NPLC0393 inhibited the differentiation of WB-F344 cells toward a biliary phenotype. Mechanistically, GPs and NPLC0393 protected against DR by inhibiting hedgehog signaling, which was supported by the results that DR, triggered directly by Gli1 overexpressing lentiviral vector was blocked by administration with GPs or NPLC0393. Conclusion: GPs attenuated DR and liver fibrosis by inhibiting hedgehog signaling, which provided more evidences and a novel mechanism of anti-fibrotic effect of GPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Hu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli He
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhou
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Liang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yadong Fu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linzhang Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gaofeng Chen
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongping Mu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Cai
- Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chenghai Liu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiamei Chen
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
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