51
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Sulima SO, Hofman IJF, De Keersmaecker K, Dinman JD. How Ribosomes Translate Cancer. Cancer Discov 2017; 7:1069-1087. [PMID: 28923911 PMCID: PMC5630089 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-0550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A wealth of novel findings, including congenital ribosomal mutations in ribosomopathies and somatic ribosomal mutations in various cancers, have significantly increased our understanding of the relevance of ribosomes in oncogenesis. Here, we explore the growing list of mechanisms by which the ribosome is involved in carcinogenesis-from the hijacking of ribosomes by oncogenic factors and dysregulated translational control, to the effects of mutations in ribosomal components on cellular metabolism. Of clinical importance, the recent success of RNA polymerase inhibitors highlights the dependence on "onco-ribosomes" as an Achilles' heel of cancer cells and a promising target for further therapeutic intervention.Significance: The recent discovery of somatic mutations in ribosomal proteins in several cancers has strengthened the link between ribosome defects and cancer progression, while also raising the question of which cellular mechanisms such defects exploit. Here, we discuss the emerging molecular mechanisms by which ribosomes support oncogenesis, and how this understanding is driving the design of novel therapeutic strategies. Cancer Discov; 7(10); 1069-87. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey O Sulima
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, LKI, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabel J F Hofman
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, LKI, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kim De Keersmaecker
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, LKI, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Jonathan D Dinman
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland.
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52
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Ajore R, Raiser D, McConkey M, Jöud M, Boidol B, Mar B, Saksena G, Weinstock DM, Armstrong S, Ellis SR, Ebert BL, Nilsson B. Deletion of ribosomal protein genes is a common vulnerability in human cancer, especially in concert with TP53 mutations. EMBO Mol Med 2017; 9:498-507. [PMID: 28264936 PMCID: PMC5376749 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201606660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous inactivating mutations in ribosomal protein genes (RPGs) are associated with hematopoietic and developmental abnormalities, activation of p53, and altered risk of cancer in humans and model organisms. Here we performed a large‐scale analysis of cancer genome data to examine the frequency and selective pressure of RPG lesions across human cancers. We found that hemizygous RPG deletions are common, occurring in about 43% of 10,744 cancer specimens and cell lines. Consistent with p53‐dependent negative selection, such lesions are underrepresented in TP53‐intact tumors (P ≪ 10−10), and shRNA‐mediated knockdown of RPGs activated p53 in TP53‐wild‐type cells. In contrast, we did not see negative selection of RPG deletions in TP53‐mutant tumors. RPGs are conserved with respect to homozygous deletions, and shRNA screening data from 174 cell lines demonstrate that further suppression of hemizygously deleted RPGs inhibits cell growth. Our results establish RPG haploinsufficiency as a strikingly common vulnerability of human cancers that associates with TP53 mutations and could be targetable therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Ajore
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - David Raiser
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marie McConkey
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Magnus Jöud
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bernd Boidol
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brenton Mar
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Steven R Ellis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Benjamin L Ebert
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA .,Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Björn Nilsson
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden .,Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA, USA
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53
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Aspesi A, Monteleone V, Betti M, Actis C, Morleo G, Sculco M, Guarrera S, Wlodarski MW, Ramenghi U, Santoro C, Ellis SR, Loreni F, Follenzi A, Dianzani I. Lymphoblastoid cell lines from Diamond Blackfan anaemia patients exhibit a full ribosomal stress phenotype that is rescued by gene therapy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12010. [PMID: 28931864 PMCID: PMC5607337 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12307-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Diamond Blackfan anaemia (DBA) is a congenital bone marrow failure syndrome characterised by selective red cell hypoplasia. DBA is most often due to heterozygous mutations in ribosomal protein (RP) genes that lead to defects in ribosome biogenesis and function and result in ribosomal stress and p53 activation. The molecular mechanisms underlying this pathology are still poorly understood and studies on patient erythroid cells are hampered by their paucity. Here we report that RP-mutated lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) established from DBA patients show defective rRNA processing and ribosomal stress features such as reduced proliferation, decreased protein synthesis, and activation of p53 and its target p21. These phenotypic alterations were corrected by gene complementation. Our data indicate that DBA LCLs could be a useful model for molecular and pharmacological investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Aspesi
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
| | | | - Marta Betti
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Chiara Actis
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Giulia Morleo
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Marika Sculco
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Simonetta Guarrera
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, and Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Torino, Italy
| | - Marcin W Wlodarski
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Paediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ugo Ramenghi
- Department of Public Health and Paediatric Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Claudio Santoro
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Steven R Ellis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Fabrizio Loreni
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | - Antonia Follenzi
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Irma Dianzani
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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54
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Kulkarni S, Dolezal JM, Wang H, Jackson L, Lu J, Frodey BP, Dosunmu-Ogunbi A, Li Y, Fromherz M, Kang A, Santana-Santos L, Benos PV, Prochownik EV. Ribosomopathy-like properties of murine and human cancers. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182705. [PMID: 28820908 PMCID: PMC5562309 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosomopathies comprise a heterogeneous group of hematologic and developmental disorders, often characterized by bone marrow failure, skeletal and other developmental abnormalities and cancer predisposition. They are associated with mutations and/or haplo-insufficiencies of ribosomal proteins (RPs) and inefficient ribosomal RNA (rRNA) processing. The resulting ribosomal stress induces the canonical p19ARF/Mdm2/p53 tumor suppressor pathway leading to proliferative arrest and/or apoptosis. It has been proposed that this pathway is then inactivated during subsequent neoplastic evolution. We show here that two murine models of hepatoblastoma (HB) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) unexpectedly possess features that mimic the ribosomopathies. These include loss of the normal stoichiometry of RP transcripts and proteins and the accumulation of unprocessed rRNA precursors. Silencing of p19ARF, cytoplasmic sequestration of p53, binding to and inactivation of Mdm2 by free RPs, and up-regulation of the pro-survival protein Bcl-2 may further cooperate to drive tumor growth and survival. Consistent with this notion, re-instatement of constitutive p19ARF expression in the HB model completely suppressed tumorigenesis. In >2000 cases of human HCC, colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer, RP transcript deregulation was a frequent finding. In HCC and breast cancer, the severity of this dysregulation was associated with inferior survival. In HCC, the presence of RP gene mutations, some of which were identical to those previously reported in ribosomopathies, were similarly negatively correlated with long-term survival. Taken together, our results indicate that many if not all cancers possess ribosomopathy-like features that may affect their biological behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sucheta Kulkarni
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - James M. Dolezal
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Huabo Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Laura Jackson
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Jie Lu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Brian P. Frodey
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Atinuke Dosunmu-Ogunbi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Youjun Li
- College of Life Sciences and The State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Marc Fromherz
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Audry Kang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Lucas Santana-Santos
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Panayiotis V. Benos
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Edward V. Prochownik
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- The Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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55
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Debnath S, Jaako P, Siva K, Rothe M, Chen J, Dahl M, Gaspar HB, Flygare J, Schambach A, Karlsson S. Lentiviral Vectors with Cellular Promoters Correct Anemia and Lethal Bone Marrow Failure in a Mouse Model for Diamond-Blackfan Anemia. Mol Ther 2017; 25:1805-1814. [PMID: 28434866 PMCID: PMC5542636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Diamond-Blackfan anemia is a congenital erythroid hypoplasia and is associated with physical malformations and a predisposition to cancer. Twenty-five percent of patients with Diamond-Blackfan anemia have mutations in a gene encoding ribosomal protein S19 (RPS19). Through overexpression of RPS19 using a lentiviral vector with the spleen focus-forming virus promoter, we demonstrated that the Diamond-Blackfan anemia phenotype can be successfully treated in Rps19-deficient mice. In our present study, we assessed the efficacy of a clinically relevant promoter, the human elongation factor 1α short promoter, with or without the locus control region of the β-globin gene for treatment of RPS19-deficient Diamond-Blackfan anemia. The findings demonstrate that these vectors rescue the proliferation defect and improve erythroid development of transduced RPS19-deficient bone marrow cells. Remarkably, bone marrow failure and severe anemia in Rps19-deficient mice was cured with enforced expression of RPS19 driven by the elongation factor 1α short promoter. We also demonstrate that RPS19-deficient bone marrow cells can be transduced and these cells have the capacity to repopulate bone marrow in long-term reconstituted mice. Our results collectively demonstrate the feasibility to cure RPS19-deficient Diamond-Blackfan anemia using lentiviral vectors with cellular promoters that possess a reduced risk of insertional mutagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhranshu Debnath
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Strategic Center for Stem Cell Biology, Lund University, Lund 22184, Sweden
| | - Pekka Jaako
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Strategic Center for Stem Cell Biology, Lund University, Lund 22184, Sweden
| | - Kavitha Siva
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Strategic Center for Stem Cell Biology, Lund University, Lund 22184, Sweden
| | - Michael Rothe
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Jun Chen
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Strategic Center for Stem Cell Biology, Lund University, Lund 22184, Sweden
| | - Maria Dahl
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Strategic Center for Stem Cell Biology, Lund University, Lund 22184, Sweden
| | - H Bobby Gaspar
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Johan Flygare
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Strategic Center for Stem Cell Biology, Lund University, Lund 22184, Sweden
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stefan Karlsson
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Strategic Center for Stem Cell Biology, Lund University, Lund 22184, Sweden.
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56
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Takafuji T, Kayama K, Sugimoto N, Fujita M. GRWD1, a new player among oncogenesis-related ribosomal/nucleolar proteins. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:1397-1403. [PMID: 28722511 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1338987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing attention has been paid to certain ribosomal or ribosome biosynthesis-related proteins involved in oncogenesis. Members of one group are classified as "tumor suppressive factors" represented by RPL5 and RPL11; loss of their functions leads to cancer predisposition. RPL5 and RPL11 prevent tumorigenesis by binding to and inhibiting the MDM2 ubiquitin ligase and thereby up-regulating p53. Many other candidate tumor suppressive ribosomal/nucleolar proteins have been suggested. However, it remains to be experimentally clarified whether many of these factors can actually prevent tumorigenesis and if so, how they do so. Conversely, some ribosomal/nucleolar proteins promote tumorigenesis. For example, PICT1 binds to and anchors RPL11 in nucleoli, down-regulating p53 and promoting tumorigenesis. GRWD1 was recently identified as another such factor. When overexpressed, GRWD1 suppresses p53 and transforms normal human cells, probably by binding to RPL11 and sequestrating it from MDM2. However, other pathways may also be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Takafuji
- a Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kyushu University , Higashi-ku, Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Kota Kayama
- a Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kyushu University , Higashi-ku, Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Nozomi Sugimoto
- a Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kyushu University , Higashi-ku, Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Masatoshi Fujita
- a Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kyushu University , Higashi-ku, Fukuoka , Japan
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57
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Kominakis A, Hager-Theodorides AL, Zoidis E, Saridaki A, Antonakos G, Tsiamis G. Combined GWAS and 'guilt by association'-based prioritization analysis identifies functional candidate genes for body size in sheep. Genet Sel Evol 2017; 49:41. [PMID: 28454565 PMCID: PMC5408376 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-017-0316-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Body size in sheep is an important indicator of productivity, growth and health as well as of environmental adaptation. It is a composite quantitative trait that has been studied with high-throughput genomic methods, i.e. genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in various mammalian species. Several genomic markers have been associated with body size traits and genes have been identified as causative candidates in humans, dog and cattle. A limited number of related GWAS have been performed in various sheep breeds and have identified genomic regions and candidate genes that partly account for body size variability. Here, we conducted a GWAS in Frizarta dairy sheep with phenotypic data from 10 body size measurements and genotypic data (from Illumina ovineSNP50 BeadChip) for 459 ewes. Results The 10 body size measurements were subjected to principal component analysis and three independent principal components (PC) were constructed, interpretable as width, height and length dimensions, respectively. The GWAS performed for each PC identified 11 significant SNPs, at the chromosome level, one on each of the chromosomes 3, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 19, 20, 23 and two on chromosome 25. Nine out of the 11 SNPs were located on previously identified quantitative trait loci for sheep meat, production or reproduction. One hundred and ninety-seven positional candidate genes within a 1-Mb distance from each significant SNP were found. A guilt-by-association-based (GBA) prioritization analysis (PA) was performed to identify the most plausible functional candidate genes. GBA-based PA identified 39 genes that were significantly associated with gene networks relevant to body size traits. Prioritized genes were identified in the vicinity of all significant SNPs except for those on chromosomes 10 and 12. The top five ranking genes were TP53, BMPR1A, PIK3R5, RPL26 and PRKDC. Conclusions The results of this GWAS provide evidence for 39 causative candidate genes across nine chromosomal regions for body size traits, some of which are novel and some are previously identified candidates from other studies (e.g. TP53, NTN1 and ZNF521). GBA-based PA has proved to be a useful tool to identify genes with increased biological relevance but it is subjected to certain limitations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12711-017-0316-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Kominakis
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Ariadne L Hager-Theodorides
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece.
| | - Evangelos Zoidis
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Aggeliki Saridaki
- Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, Seferi 2, 30100, Agrinio, Greece
| | - George Antonakos
- Agricultural and Livestock Union of Western Greece, 13rd Km N.R. Agrinio-Ioannina, 30100, Lepenou, Greece
| | - George Tsiamis
- Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, Seferi 2, 30100, Agrinio, Greece
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58
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Alkhunaizi E, Schrewe B, Alizadehfar R, Vézina C, Stewart GS, Braverman N. Novel 3q27.2-qter deletion in a patient with Diamond-Blackfan anemia and immunodeficiency: Case report and review of literature. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:1514-1520. [PMID: 28432740 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
3q27.2-qter deletion syndromes feature an overlapping set of terminal and interstitial deletions with variable congenital malformations. Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is etiologically heterogeneous disorder in which one cause is dominant mutations of the RPL35A gene on 3q29. We report a child with a 3q27.2-qter deletion that contains the RPL35A gene. She had clinical and laboratory features consistent with DBA and as well, an unexplained immunodeficiency disorder. Given these unusual findings, we reviewed other patients in the literature with overlapping genomic deletions. In addition, we evaluated our patient for the immunodeficiency disorder, RIDDLE syndrome, due to recessive mutations in the RNF168 gene on 3q29. A PubMed search for case reports of 3q27.2-qter overlapping deletions was performed. To determine if RPL35A was in the deletion region, the chromosomal regions reported were mapped to genomic regions using the UCSC Genome Browser. We identified 85 overlapping deletions, of which six included the RPL35A gene and all should be had DBA. Interestingly, none of the reported cases had immunodeficiency. To evaluate RIDDLE syndrome (radiosensitivity, immunodeficiency, dysmorphic features, and learning difficulties), we sequenced the remaining RNF168 gene and examined her fibroblast culture for a DNA double strand break repair deficiency. These results were normal, indicating that the immunodeficiency is unlikely to result from a RNF168 deficiency. We show that RPL35A haploinsufficiency is a cause of DBA and we report a novel case with 3q27.2-qter deletion and immunodeficiency. The etiology for the immunodeficiency remains unsolved and could be caused by an unknown gene effect or consequent to the DBA phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebba Alkhunaizi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Brett Schrewe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Reza Alizadehfar
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Catherine Vézina
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Grant S Stewart
- Institute for Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nancy Braverman
- Department of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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59
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Mirabello L, Khincha PP, Ellis SR, Giri N, Brodie S, Chandrasekharappa SC, Donovan FX, Zhou W, Hicks BD, Boland JF, Yeager M, Jones K, Zhu B, Wang M, Alter BP, Savage SA. Novel and known ribosomal causes of Diamond-Blackfan anaemia identified through comprehensive genomic characterisation. J Med Genet 2017; 54:417-425. [PMID: 28280134 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2016-104346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diamond-Blackfan anaemia (DBA) is an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome (IBMFS) characterised by erythroid hypoplasia. It is associated with congenital anomalies and a high risk of developing specific cancers. DBA is caused predominantly by autosomal dominant pathogenic variants in at least 15 genes affecting ribosomal biogenesis and function. Two X-linked recessive genes have been identified. OBJECTIVES We aim to identify the genetic aetiology of DBA. METHODS Of 87 families with DBA enrolled in an institutional review board-approved cohort study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT00027274), 61 had genetic testing information available. Thirty-five families did not have a known genetic cause and thus underwent comprehensive genomic evaluation with whole exome sequencing, deletion and CNV analyses to identify their disease-associated pathogenic variant. Controls for functional studies were healthy mutation-negative individuals enrolled in the same study. RESULTS Our analyses uncovered heterozygous pathogenic variants in two previously undescribed genes in two families. One family had a non-synonymous variant (p.K77N) in RPL35; the second family had a non-synonymous variant (p. L51S) in RPL18. Both of these variants result in pre-rRNA processing defects. We identified heterozygous pathogenic variants in previously known DBA genes in 16 of 35 families. Seventeen families who underwent genetic analyses are yet to have a genetic cause of disease identified. CONCLUSIONS Overall, heterozygous pathogenic variants in ribosomal genes were identified in 44 of the 61 families (72%). De novo pathogenic variants were observed in 57% of patients with DBA. Ongoing studies of DBA genomics will be important to understand this complex disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Mirabello
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Payal P Khincha
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven R Ellis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Neelam Giri
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Seth Brodie
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Settara C Chandrasekharappa
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Frank X Donovan
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Weiyin Zhou
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Belynda D Hicks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph F Boland
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristine Jones
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Bin Zhu
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Blanche P Alter
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sharon A Savage
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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60
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Kim J, Hanotte O, Mwai OA, Dessie T, Bashir S, Diallo B, Agaba M, Kim K, Kwak W, Sung S, Seo M, Jeong H, Kwon T, Taye M, Song KD, Lim D, Cho S, Lee HJ, Yoon D, Oh SJ, Kemp S, Lee HK, Kim H. The genome landscape of indigenous African cattle. Genome Biol 2017; 18:34. [PMID: 28219390 PMCID: PMC5319050 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-017-1153-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The history of African indigenous cattle and their adaptation to environmental and human selection pressure is at the root of their remarkable diversity. Characterization of this diversity is an essential step towards understanding the genomic basis of productivity and adaptation to survival under African farming systems. RESULTS We analyze patterns of African cattle genetic variation by sequencing 48 genomes from five indigenous populations and comparing them to the genomes of 53 commercial taurine breeds. We find the highest genetic diversity among African zebu and sanga cattle. Our search for genomic regions under selection reveals signatures of selection for environmental adaptive traits. In particular, we identify signatures of selection including genes and/or pathways controlling anemia and feeding behavior in the trypanotolerant N'Dama, coat color and horn development in Ankole, and heat tolerance and tick resistance across African cattle especially in zebu breeds. CONCLUSIONS Our findings unravel at the genome-wide level, the unique adaptive diversity of African cattle while emphasizing the opportunities for sustainable improvement of livestock productivity on the continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaemin Kim
- C&K genomics, Seoul National University Research Park, Seoul, 151-919, Republic of Korea
| | - Olivier Hanotte
- The University of Nottingham, School of Life Sciences, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- International Livestock Research institute (ILRI), P. O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Okeyo Ally Mwai
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Box 30709 -00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Tadelle Dessie
- International Livestock Research institute (ILRI), P. O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Salim Bashir
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, 13314, Khartoum North, Sudan
| | - Boubacar Diallo
- National Coordinateur RGA, Ministère Elevage - Productions Animales, B.P. 559, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Morris Agaba
- Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Nelson Mandela Road. P. O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Kwondo Kim
- C&K genomics, Seoul National University Research Park, Seoul, 151-919, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-741, Republic of Korea
| | - Woori Kwak
- C&K genomics, Seoul National University Research Park, Seoul, 151-919, Republic of Korea
| | - Samsun Sung
- C&K genomics, Seoul National University Research Park, Seoul, 151-919, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Seo
- C&K genomics, Seoul National University Research Park, Seoul, 151-919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonsoo Jeong
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Taehyung Kwon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Mengistie Taye
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Bahir Dar University, P. O. Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Ki-Duk Song
- The Animal Molecular Genetics and Breeding Center, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Dajeong Lim
- Division of Animal Genomics & Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Jeonju, 565-851, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoae Cho
- C&K genomics, Seoul National University Research Park, Seoul, 151-919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-741, Republic of Korea
- Animal Nutritional & Physiology Team, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Jeonju, 565-851, Republic of Korea
| | - Duhak Yoon
- Department of Animal Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 742-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jong Oh
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Jeonju, 565-851, Republic of Korea
| | - Stephen Kemp
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Box 30709 -00100, Nairobi, Kenya
- The Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Hak-Kyo Lee
- The Animal Molecular Genetics and Breeding Center, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Republic of Korea.
| | - Heebal Kim
- C&K genomics, Seoul National University Research Park, Seoul, 151-919, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea.
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan.
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Ikeda F, Yoshida K, Toki T, Uechi T, Ishida S, Nakajima Y, Sasahara Y, Okuno Y, Kanezaki R, Terui K, Kamio T, Kobayashi A, Fujita T, Sato-Otsubo A, Shiraishi Y, Tanaka H, Chiba K, Muramatsu H, Kanno H, Ohga S, Ohara A, Kojima S, Kenmochi N, Miyano S, Ogawa S, Ito E. Exome sequencing identified RPS15A as a novel causative gene for Diamond-Blackfan anemia. Haematologica 2016; 102:e93-e96. [PMID: 27909223 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.153932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fumika Ikeda
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yoshida
- Cancer Genomics Project, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Toki
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tamayo Uechi
- Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Shiori Ishida
- Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yukari Nakajima
- Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yoji Sasahara
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okuno
- Cancer Genomics Project, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Rika Kanezaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kiminori Terui
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takuya Kamio
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Akie Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takashi Fujita
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Aiko Sato-Otsubo
- Cancer Genomics Project, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Yuichi Shiraishi
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tanaka
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Chiba
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Muramatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kanno
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Processing, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shouichi Ohga
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Ohara
- Department of Pediatrics, Omori Hospital, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiji Kojima
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Naoya Kenmochi
- Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Satoru Miyano
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Sequence Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Cancer Genomics Project, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan .,Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Etsuro Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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62
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Diagnostic challenge of Diamond–Blackfan anemia in mothers and children by whole-exome sequencing. Int J Hematol 2016; 105:515-520. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-016-2151-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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63
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Pillet B, Mitterer V, Kressler D, Pertschy B. Hold on to your friends: Dedicated chaperones of ribosomal proteins: Dedicated chaperones mediate the safe transfer of ribosomal proteins to their site of pre-ribosome incorporation. Bioessays 2016; 39:1-12. [PMID: 27859409 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201600153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic ribosomes are assembled from their components, the ribosomal RNAs and ribosomal proteins, in a tremendously complex, multi-step process, which primarily takes place in the nuclear compartment. Therefore, most ribosomal proteins have to travel from the cytoplasm to their incorporation site on pre-ribosomes within the nucleus. However, due to their particular characteristics, such as a highly basic amino acid composition and the presence of unstructured extensions, ribosomal proteins are especially prone to aggregation and degradation in their unassembled state, hence specific mechanisms must operate to ensure their safe delivery. Recent studies have uncovered a group of proteins, termed dedicated chaperones, specialized in accompanying and guarding individual ribosomal proteins. In this essay, we review how these dedicated chaperones utilize different folds to interact with their ribosomal protein clients and how they ensure their soluble expression and interconnect their intracellular transport with their efficient assembly into pre-ribosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Pillet
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Valentin Mitterer
- Institut für Molekulare Biowissenschaften, Universität Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dieter Kressler
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Brigitte Pertschy
- Institut für Molekulare Biowissenschaften, Universität Graz, Graz, Austria
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64
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Fahl SP, Wang M, Zhang Y, Duc ACE, Wiest DL. Regulatory Roles of Rpl22 in Hematopoiesis: An Old Dog with New Tricks. Crit Rev Immunol 2016; 35:379-400. [PMID: 26853850 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.v35.i5.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ribosomal proteins have long been known to serve critical roles in facilitating the biogenesis of the ribosome and its ability to synthesize proteins. However, evidence is emerging that suggests ribosomal proteins are also capable of performing tissue-restricted, regulatory functions that impact normal development and pathological conditions, including cancer. The challenge in studying such regulatory functions is that elimination of many ribosomal proteins also disrupts ribosome biogenesis and/or function. Thus, it is difficult to determine whether developmental abnormalities resulting from ablation of a ribosomal protein result from loss of core ribosome functions or from loss of the regulatory function of the ribosomal protein. Rpl22, a ribosomal protein component of the large 60S subunit, provides insight into this conundrum; Rpl22 is dispensable for both ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis yet its ablation causes tissue-restricted disruptions in development. Here we review evidence supporting the regulatory functions of Rpl22 and other ribosomal proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn P Fahl
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - Minshi Wang
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - Yong Zhang
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - Anne-Cecile E Duc
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - David L Wiest
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111
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65
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Robson A, Owens NDL, Baserga SJ, Khokha MK, Griffin JN. Expression of ribosomopathy genes during Xenopus tropicalis embryogenesis. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2016; 16:38. [PMID: 27784267 PMCID: PMC5081970 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-016-0138-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Because ribosomes are ubiquitously required for protein production, it was long assumed that any inherited defect in ribosome manufacture would be embryonically lethal. However, several human congenital diseases have been found to be associated with mutations in ribosome biogenesis factors. Surprisingly, despite the global requirement for ribosomes, these “ribosomopathies” are characterized by distinct and tissue specific phenotypes. The reasons for such tissue proclivity in ribosomopathies remain mysterious but may include differential expression of ribosome biogenesis factors in distinct tissues. Methods Here we use in situ hybridization of labeled antisense mRNA probes and ultra high temporal resolution RNA-Seq data to examine and compare expression of 13 disease associated ribosome biogenesis factors at six key stages in Xenopus tropicalis development. Results Rather than being ubiquitously expressed during development, mRNAs of all examined ribosome biogenesis factors were highly enriched in specific tissues, including the cranial neural crest and ventral blood islands. Interestingly, expression of ribosome biogenesis factors demonstrates clear differences in timing, transcript number and tissue localization. Conclusion Ribosome biogenesis factor expression is more spatiotemporally regulated during embryonic development than previously expected and correlates closely with many of the common ribosomopathy phenotypes. Our findings provide information on the dynamic use of ribosome production machinery components during development and advance our understanding of their roles in disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12861-016-0138-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Robson
- Program in Vertebrate Developmental Biology, Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Nick D L Owens
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, London, NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Susan J Baserga
- Departments of Genetics, Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, and Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Mustafa K Khokha
- Program in Vertebrate Developmental Biology, Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - John N Griffin
- Program in Vertebrate Developmental Biology, Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
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66
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Danilova N, Gazda HT. Ribosomopathies: how a common root can cause a tree of pathologies. Dis Model Mech 2016; 8:1013-26. [PMID: 26398160 PMCID: PMC4582105 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.020529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in ribosome biogenesis are associated with a group of diseases called the ribosomopathies, of which Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is the most studied. Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal proteins (RPs) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). RPs and multiple other factors are necessary for the processing of pre-rRNA, the assembly of ribosomal subunits, their export to the cytoplasm and for the final assembly of subunits into a ribosome. Haploinsufficiency of certain RPs causes DBA, whereas mutations in other factors cause various other ribosomopathies. Despite the general nature of their underlying defects, the clinical manifestations of ribosomopathies differ. In DBA, for example, red blood cell pathology is especially evident. In addition, individuals with DBA often have malformations of limbs, the face and various organs, and also have an increased risk of cancer. Common features shared among human DBA and animal models have emerged, such as small body size, eye defects, duplication or overgrowth of ectoderm-derived structures, and hematopoietic defects. Phenotypes of ribosomopathies are mediated both by p53-dependent and -independent pathways. The current challenge is to identify differences in response to ribosomal stress that lead to specific tissue defects in various ribosomopathies. Here, we review recent findings in this field, with a particular focus on animal models, and discuss how, in some cases, the different phenotypes of ribosomopathies might arise from differences in the spatiotemporal expression of the affected genes. Summary: This paper reviews recent data on Diamond Blackfan anemia and discusses them in connection with other ribosomopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Danilova
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hanna T Gazda
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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67
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Jalali A, Pfeifer N. Interpretable per case weighted ensemble method for cancer associations. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:501. [PMID: 27435615 PMCID: PMC4952276 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2647-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular measurements from cancer patients such as gene expression and DNA methylation can be influenced by several external factors. This makes it harder to reproduce the exact values of measurements coming from different laboratories. Furthermore, some cancer types are very heterogeneous, meaning that there might be different underlying causes for the same type of cancer among different individuals. If a model does not take potential biases in the data into account, this can lead to problems when trying to predict the stage of a certain cancer type. This is especially true when these biases differ between the training and test set. RESULTS We introduce a method that can estimate this bias on a per-feature level and incorporate calculated feature confidences into a weighted combination of classifiers with disjoint feature sets. In this way, the method provides a prediction that is adjusted for the potential biases on a per-patient basis, providing a personalized prediction for each test patient. The new method achieves state-of-the-art performance on many different cancer data sets with measured DNA methylation or gene expression. Moreover, we show how to visualize the learned classifiers to display interesting associations with the target label. Applied to a leukemia data set, our method finds several ribosomal proteins associated with the risk group, which might be interesting targets for follow-up studies. This discovery supports the hypothesis that the ribosomes are a new frontier in genadaptivelearninge regulation. CONCLUSION We introduce a new method for robust prediction of phenotypes from molecular measurements such as DNA methylation or gene expression. Furthermore, the visualization capabilities enable exploratory analysis on the learnt dependencies and pave the way for a personalized prediction of phenotypes. The software is available under GPL2+ from https://github.com/adrinjalali/Network-Classifier/tree/v1.0 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrin Jalali
- Department of Computational Biology and Applied Algorithmics, Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Campus E1 4, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany.
| | - Nico Pfeifer
- Department of Computational Biology and Applied Algorithmics, Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Campus E1 4, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany
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68
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Duquesnes N, Callot C, Jeannot P, Daburon V, Nakayama KI, Manenti S, Davy A, Besson A. p57(Kip2) knock-in mouse reveals CDK-independent contribution in the development of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. J Pathol 2016; 239:250-61. [PMID: 27015986 DOI: 10.1002/path.4721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
CDKN1C encodes the cyclin-CDK inhibitor p57(Kip2) (p57), a negative regulator of the cell cycle and putative tumour suppressor. Genetic and epigenetic alterations causing loss of p57 function are the most frequent cause of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), a genetic disorder characterized by multiple developmental anomalies and increased susceptibility to tumour development during childhood. So far, BWS development has been attributed entirely to the deregulation of proliferation caused by loss of p57-mediated CDK inhibition. However, a fraction of BWS patients have point mutations in CDKN1C located outside of the CDK inhibitory region, suggesting the involvement of other parts of the protein in the disease. To test this possibility, we generated knock-in mice deficient for p57-mediated cyclin-CDK inhibition (p57(CK) (-) ), the only clearly defined function of p57. Comparative analysis of p57(CK) (-) and p57(KO) mice provided clear evidence for CDK-independent roles of p57 and revealed that BWS is not caused entirely by CDK deregulation, as several features of BWS are caused by the loss of CDK-independent roles of p57. Thus, while the genetic origin of BWS is well understood, our results underscore that the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unclear. To probe these mechanisms further, we determined the p57 interactome. Several partners identified are involved in genetic disorders with features resembling those caused by CDKN1C mutation, suggesting that they could be involved in BWS pathogenesis and revealing a possible connection between seemingly distinct syndromes. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Duquesnes
- INSERM UMR1037, Cancer Research Centre of Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, France.,CNRS ERL5294, Toulouse, France
| | - Caroline Callot
- INSERM UMR1037, Cancer Research Centre of Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, France.,CNRS ERL5294, Toulouse, France
| | - Pauline Jeannot
- INSERM UMR1037, Cancer Research Centre of Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, France.,CNRS ERL5294, Toulouse, France
| | - Virginie Daburon
- Université de Toulouse, France.,CNRS UMR5088 LBCMCP, Toulouse, France
| | - Keiichi I Nakayama
- Division of Cell Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Stephane Manenti
- INSERM UMR1037, Cancer Research Centre of Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, France.,CNRS ERL5294, Toulouse, France
| | - Alice Davy
- Université de Toulouse, France.,CNRS UMR5547, Centre de Biologie du Développement, Toulouse, France
| | - Arnaud Besson
- INSERM UMR1037, Cancer Research Centre of Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, France.,CNRS ERL5294, Toulouse, France
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69
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Utsugisawa T, Uchiyama T, Toki T, Ogura H, Aoki T, Hamaguchi I, Ishiguro A, Ohara A, Kojima S, Ohga S, Ito E, Kanno H. Erythrocyte glutathione is a novel biomarker of Diamond-Blackfan anemia. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2016; 59:31-6. [PMID: 27282564 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a congenital red cell aplasia with mutations in ribosomal protein (RP) genes. Elevated activity of erythrocyte adenosine deaminase (eADA) has been utilized as a biomarker of DBA. We examined erythrocyte reduced glutathione (GSH) as well as eADA in 22 patients in 18 DBA families, in whom RP gene mutations had been identified. Simultaneous evaluation of both eADA and GSH demonstrated that all examined DBA patients showed elevated values of either eADA or GSH, whereas presence of both eADA and GSH elevation was able to distinguish DBA patients from 34 normal controls and 14 unaffected members of the DBA families. Furthermore, a support vector machines analysis using both eADA and GSH levels yielded a formula to differentiate DBA from both normal controls and non-DBA family members. To confirm the usefulness of the formula, we analyzed additional 7 patients diagnosed by the clinical criteria. Although eADA showed within normal values in 3 patients, all of these patients were diagnosed as 'DBA' by use of the formula. Because extensive analysis of the RP genes failed to detect no causative mutation in approximately 40% of clinically diagnosed DBA patients, GSH may be useful an additional biomarker for diagnosis of DBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiju Utsugisawa
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Processing, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Tsutomu Toki
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hiromi Ogura
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Processing, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takako Aoki
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Processing, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isao Hamaguchi
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Ishiguro
- Division of Hematology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Ohara
- Department of Pediatrics, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiji Kojima
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shouichi Ohga
- Department of Pediatrics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Etsuro Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kanno
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Processing, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Genomic Medicine, Department of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
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70
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Lahoti A, Harris YT, Speiser PW, Atsidaftos E, Lipton JM, Vlachos A. Endocrine Dysfunction in Diamond-Blackfan Anemia (DBA): A Report from the DBA Registry (DBAR). Pediatr Blood Cancer 2016; 63:306-12. [PMID: 26496000 PMCID: PMC4829065 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a rare inherited bone marrow failure syndrome. The mainstays of treatment involve chronic red cell transfusions, long-term glucocorticoid therapy, and stem cell transplantation. Systematic data concerning endocrine function in DBA are limited. We studied patients in the DBA Registry (DBAR) of North America to assess the prevalence of various endocrinopathies. PROCEDURE In a pilot study, retrospective data were collected for 12 patients with DBA. Subsequently, patients with DBA aged 1-39 years were recruited prospectively. Combined, 57 patients were studied; 38 chronically transfused, 12 glucocorticoid-dependent, and seven in remission. Data were collected on anthropometric measurements, systematic screening of pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreatic, and gonadal function, and ferritin levels. Descriptive statistics were tabulated and group differences were assessed. RESULTS Fifty-three percent of patients had ≥ 1 endocrine disorder, including adrenal insufficiency (32%), hypogonadism (29%), hypothyroidism (14%), growth hormone dysfunction (7%), diabetes mellitus (2%), and/or diabetes insipidus (2%). Ten of the 33 patients with available heights had height standard deviation less than -2. Low 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels were present in 50%. A small proportion also had osteopenia, osteoporosis, or hypercalciuria. Most with adrenal insufficiency were glucocorticoid dependent; other endocrinopathies were more common in chronically transfused patients. CONCLUSIONS Endocrine dysfunction is common in DBA, as early as the teenage years. Although prevalence is highest in transfused patients, patients taking glucocorticoids or in remission also have endocrine dysfunction. Longitudinal studies are needed to better understand the etiology and true prevalence of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Lahoti
- Division of Endocrinology, Cohen Children’s Medical Center (CCMC), New Hyde Park, NY,Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY
| | - Yael T Harris
- Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY,Internal Medicine-Endocrinology, North Shore LIJ Health System (NSLIJHS), Manhasset, NY
| | - Phyllis W Speiser
- Division of Endocrinology, Cohen Children’s Medical Center (CCMC), New Hyde Park, NY,Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY,Feinstein Institute for Medical Research (FIMR); Manhasset, NY
| | | | - Jeffrey M Lipton
- Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY,Feinstein Institute for Medical Research (FIMR); Manhasset, NY,Division of Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, CCMC, New Hyde Park, NY
| | - Adrianna Vlachos
- Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY,Feinstein Institute for Medical Research (FIMR); Manhasset, NY,Division of Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, CCMC, New Hyde Park, NY
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71
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Quarello P, Garelli E, Carando A, Mancini C, Foglia L, Botto C, Farruggia P, De Keersmaecker K, Aspesi A, Ellis SR, Dianzani I, Ramenghi U. Ribosomal RNA analysis in the diagnosis of Diamond-Blackfan Anaemia. Br J Haematol 2016; 172:782-5. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Quarello
- Paediatric Onco-Haematology; Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Division; Regina Margherita Children's Hospital; Torino Italy
| | - Emanuela Garelli
- Department of Public Health and Paediatric Sciences; University of Torino; Torino Italy
| | - Adriana Carando
- Department of Public Health and Paediatric Sciences; University of Torino; Torino Italy
| | - Cecilia Mancini
- Department of Medical Sciences; University of Torino; Torino Italy
| | - Luiselda Foglia
- Department of Public Health and Paediatric Sciences; University of Torino; Torino Italy
| | - Carlotta Botto
- Department of Public Health and Paediatric Sciences; University of Torino; Torino Italy
| | - Piero Farruggia
- Paediatric Onco-Haematology Unit; A.R.N.A.S. Civico, Di Cristina and Benfratelli Hospitals; Palermo Italy
| | - Kim De Keersmaecker
- KU Leuven Department of Oncology; Leuven Belgium
- VIB Centre for the Biology of Disease; Leuven Belgium
| | - Anna Aspesi
- Department of Health Sciences; University of Eastern Piedmont; Novara Italy
| | - Steve R. Ellis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Louisville; Kentucky USA
| | - Irma Dianzani
- Department of Health Sciences; University of Eastern Piedmont; Novara Italy
| | - Ugo Ramenghi
- Department of Public Health and Paediatric Sciences; University of Torino; Torino Italy
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72
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Smetanina NS, Mersiyanova IV, Kurnikova MA, Ovsyannikova GS, Hachatryan LA, Bobrynina VO, Maschan MA, Novichkova GA, Lipton JM, Maschan AA. Clinical and genomic heterogeneity of Diamond Blackfan anemia in the Russian Federation. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015; 62:1597-600. [PMID: 25946618 PMCID: PMC4515145 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diamond Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a genetically and clinically heterogeneous ribosomopathy and inherited bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by anemia, reticulocytopenia, and decreased erythroid precursors in the bone marrow with an increased risk of malignancy and, in approximately 50%, physical abnormalities. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed clinical data from 77 patients with DBA born in the Russian Federation from 1993 to 2014. In 74 families there was one clinically affected individual; in only three instances a multiplex family was identified. Genomic DNA from 57 DBA patients and their first-degree relatives was sequenced for mutations in RPS19, RPS10, RPS24, RPS26, RPS7, RPS17, RPL5, RPL11, RPL35a, and GATA1. RESULTS Severe anemia presented before 8 months of age in all 77 patients; before 2 months in 61 (78.2%); before 4 months in 71 (92.2%). Corticosteroid therapy was initiated after 1 year of age in the majority of patients. Most responded initially to steroids, while 5 responses were transient. Mutations in RP genes were detected in 35 of 57 patients studied: 15 in RPS19, 6 in RPL5, 3 in RPS7, 3 each in RPS10, RPS26, and RPL11 and 1 each in RPS24 and RPL35a; 24 of these mutations have not been previously reported. One patient had a balanced chromosomal translocation involving RPS19. No mutations in GATA1 were found. CONCLUSION In our cohort from an ethnically diverse population the distribution of mutations among RP genes was approximately the same as was reported by others, although within genotypes most of the mutations had not been previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S. Smetanina
- Dmitry Rogachev Federal Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina V. Mersiyanova
- Dmitry Rogachev Federal Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Galina S. Ovsyannikova
- Dmitry Rogachev Federal Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lili A. Hachatryan
- Dmitry Rogachev Federal Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vlasta O. Bobrynina
- Dmitry Rogachev Federal Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Michael A. Maschan
- Dmitry Rogachev Federal Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina. A. Novichkova
- Dmitry Rogachev Federal Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jeffrey M. Lipton
- Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA,Feinstein Institute for Medical Research (FIMR); Manhasset, NY, USA,Division of Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, CCMC, New Hyde Park, NY, USA
| | - Alexey A. Maschan
- Dmitry Rogachev Federal Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
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Abstract
A veritable explosion of primary research papers within the past 10 years focuses on nucleolar and ribosomal stress, and for good reason: with ribosome biosynthesis consuming ~80% of a cell’s energy, nearly all metabolic and signaling pathways lead ultimately to or from the nucleolus. We begin by describing p53 activation upon nucleolar stress resulting in cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. The significance of this mechanism cannot be understated, as oncologists are now inducing nucleolar stress strategically in cancer cells as a potential anti-cancer therapy. We also summarize the human ribosomopathies, syndromes in which ribosome biogenesis or function are impaired leading to birth defects or bone narrow failures; the perplexing problem in the ribosomopathies is why only certain cells are affected despite the fact that the causative mutation is systemic. We then describe p53-independent nucleolar stress, first in yeast which lacks p53, and then in other model metazoans that lack MDM2, the critical E3 ubiquitin ligase that normally inactivates p53. Do these presumably ancient p53-independent nucleolar stress pathways remain latent in human cells? If they still exist, can we use them to target >50% of known human cancers that lack functional p53?
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison James
- a Department of Biological Sciences; Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge, LA USA
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74
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Briggs TA, Harris J, Innes J, Will A, Arkwright PD, Clayton-Smith J. The value of microarray-based comparative genomic hybridisation (aCGH) testing in the paediatric clinic. Arch Dis Child 2015; 100:728-31. [PMID: 25809346 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2014-307680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T A Briggs
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - J Harris
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - J Innes
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - A Will
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - P D Arkwright
- Department of Paediatric Allergy & Immunology, University of Manchester, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - J Clayton-Smith
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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75
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Jaako P, Debnath S, Olsson K, Zhang Y, Flygare J, Lindström MS, Bryder D, Karlsson S. Disruption of the 5S RNP-Mdm2 interaction significantly improves the erythroid defect in a mouse model for Diamond-Blackfan anemia. Leukemia 2015; 29:2221-9. [PMID: 25987256 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a congenital erythroid hypoplasia caused by haploinsufficiency of genes encoding ribosomal proteins (RPs). Perturbed ribosome biogenesis in DBA has been shown to induce a p53-mediated ribosomal stress response. However, the mechanisms of p53 activation and its relevance for the erythroid defect remain elusive. Previous studies have indicated that activation of p53 is caused by the inhibition of mouse double minute 2 (Mdm2), the main negative regulator of p53, by the 5S ribonucleoprotein particle (RNP). Meanwhile, it is not clear whether this mechanism solely mediates the p53-dependent component found in DBA. To approach this question, we crossed our mouse model for RPS19-deficient DBA with Mdm2(C305F) knock-in mice that have a disrupted 5S RNP-Mdm2 interaction. Upon induction of the Rps19 deficiency, Mdm2(C305F) reversed the p53 response and improved expansion of hematopoietic progenitors in vitro, and ameliorated the anemia in vivo. Unexpectedly, disruption of the 5S RNP-Mdm2 interaction also led to selective defect in erythropoiesis. Our findings highlight the sensitivity of erythroid progenitor cells to aberrations in p53 homeostasis mediated by the 5S RNP-Mdm2 interaction. Finally, we provide evidence indicating that physiological activation of the 5S RNP-Mdm2-p53 pathway may contribute to functional decline of the hematopoietic system in a cell-autonomous manner over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jaako
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Molecular Hematology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - S Debnath
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - K Olsson
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J Flygare
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - M S Lindström
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Bryder
- Molecular Hematology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - S Karlsson
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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76
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Zhang W, Zeng T, Liu X, Chen L. Diagnosing phenotypes of single-sample individuals by edge biomarkers. J Mol Cell Biol 2015; 7:231-41. [DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjv025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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77
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Delaporta P, Sofocleous C, Stiakaki E, Polychronopoulou S, Economou M, Kossiva L, Kostaridou S, Kattamis A. Clinical phenotype and genetic analysis of RPS19, RPL5, and RPL11 genes in Greek patients with Diamond Blackfan Anemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014; 61:2249-55. [PMID: 25132370 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diamond Blackfan Anemia (DBA) is a rare congenital, bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by normochromic macrocytic anemia, reticulocytopenia and absence or insufficiency of erythroid precursors in normocellular bone marrow, frequently associated with somatic malformations. Here, we present our findings from the study of 17 patients recorded in the Greek DBA registry. PROCEDURE Clinical evaluation of patients and data collection was performed followed by the molecular analysis of RPS19, RPL5, and RPL11 genes. Mutation screening included PCR amplification, ECMA analysis, and direct sequencing. RESULTS Congenital anomalies were observed in 71% of the patients. Six patients (35.2%) were found to carry mutations on either the RPS19 gene (three patients,) or the RPL5 gene (three patients). Mutations c.C390G (p.Y130X) and c.197_198insA (p.Y66X) detected in the RPL5 gene were novel. No mutations at the RPL11 gene were identified in Greek patients with DBA. CONCLUSIONS The clinical course of the patients was similar to previous reports. The occurrence of thyroid carcinoma in an adult patient with DBA is the first to be reported in DBA.
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78
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Wang R, Yoshida K, Toki T, Sawada T, Uechi T, Okuno Y, Sato-Otsubo A, Kudo K, Kamimaki I, Kanezaki R, Shiraishi Y, Chiba K, Tanaka H, Terui K, Sato T, Iribe Y, Ohga S, Kuramitsu M, Hamaguchi I, Ohara A, Hara J, Goi K, Matsubara K, Koike K, Ishiguro A, Okamoto Y, Watanabe K, Kanno H, Kojima S, Miyano S, Kenmochi N, Ogawa S, Ito E. Loss of function mutations in RPL27 and RPS27 identified by whole-exome sequencing in Diamond-Blackfan anaemia. Br J Haematol 2014; 168:854-64. [PMID: 25424902 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Diamond-Blackfan anaemia is a congenital bone marrow failure syndrome that is characterized by red blood cell aplasia. The disease has been associated with mutations or large deletions in 11 ribosomal protein genes including RPS7, RPS10, RPS17, RPS19, RPS24, RPS26, RPS29, RPL5, RPL11, RPL26 and RPL35A as well as GATA1 in more than 50% of patients. However, the molecular aetiology of many Diamond-Blackfan anaemia cases remains to be uncovered. To identify new mutations responsible for Diamond-Blackfan anaemia, we performed whole-exome sequencing analysis of 48 patients with no documented mutations/deletions involving known Diamond-Blackfan anaemia genes except for RPS7, RPL26, RPS29 and GATA1. Here, we identified a de novo splicing error mutation in RPL27 and frameshift deletion in RPS27 in sporadic patients with Diamond-Blackfan anaemia. In vitro knockdown of gene expression disturbed pre-ribosomal RNA processing. Zebrafish models of rpl27 and rps27 mutations showed impairments of erythrocyte production and tail and/or brain development. Additional novel mutations were found in eight patients, including RPL3L, RPL6, RPL7L1T, RPL8, RPL13, RPL14, RPL18A and RPL31. In conclusion, we identified novel germline mutations of two ribosomal protein genes responsible for Diamond-Blackfan anaemia, further confirming the concept that mutations in ribosomal protein genes lead to Diamond-Blackfan anaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- RuNan Wang
- Department of Paediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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79
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Henras AK, Plisson-Chastang C, O'Donohue MF, Chakraborty A, Gleizes PE. An overview of pre-ribosomal RNA processing in eukaryotes. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2014; 6:225-42. [PMID: 25346433 PMCID: PMC4361047 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 391] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ribosomal RNAs are the most abundant and universal noncoding RNAs in living organisms. In eukaryotes, three of the four ribosomal RNAs forming the 40S and 60S subunits are borne by a long polycistronic pre-ribosomal RNA. A complex sequence of processing steps is required to gradually release the mature RNAs from this precursor, concomitant with the assembly of the 79 ribosomal proteins. A large set of trans-acting factors chaperone this process, including small nucleolar ribonucleoparticles. While yeast has been the gold standard for studying the molecular basis of this process, recent technical advances have allowed to further define the mechanisms of ribosome biogenesis in animals and plants. This renewed interest for a long-lasting question has been fueled by the association of several genetic diseases with mutations in genes encoding both ribosomal proteins and ribosome biogenesis factors, and by the perspective of new anticancer treatments targeting the mechanisms of ribosome synthesis. A consensus scheme of pre-ribosomal RNA maturation is emerging from studies in various kinds of eukaryotic organisms. However, major differences between mammalian and yeast pre-ribosomal RNA processing have recently come to light. WIREs RNA 2015, 6:225–242. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1269
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony K Henras
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, Université de Toulouse-Paul Sabatier CNRS, UMR 5099, Toulouse, France
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80
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Farrar JE, Quarello P, Fisher R, O'Brien KA, Aspesi A, Parrella S, Henson AL, Seidel NE, Atsidaftos E, Prakash S, Bari S, Garelli E, Arceci RJ, Dianzani I, Ramenghi U, Vlachos A, Lipton JM, Bodine DM, Ellis SR. Exploiting pre-rRNA processing in Diamond Blackfan anemia gene discovery and diagnosis. Am J Hematol 2014; 89:985-91. [PMID: 25042156 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.23807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Diamond Blackfan anemia (DBA), a syndrome primarily characterized by anemia and physical abnormalities, is one among a group of related inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFS) which share overlapping clinical features. Heterozygous mutations or single-copy deletions have been identified in 12 ribosomal protein genes in approximately 60% of DBA cases, with the genetic etiology unexplained in most remaining patients. Unlike many IBMFS, for which functional screening assays complement clinical and genetic findings, suspected DBA in the absence of typical alterations of the known genes must frequently be diagnosed after exclusion of other IBMFS. We report here a novel deletion in a child that presented such a diagnostic challenge and prompted development of a novel functional assay that can assist in the diagnosis of a significant fraction of patients with DBA. The ribosomal proteins affected in DBA are required for pre-rRNA processing, a process which can be interrogated to monitor steps in the maturation of 40S and 60S ribosomal subunits. In contrast to prior methods used to assess pre-rRNA processing, the assay reported here, based on capillary electrophoresis measurement of the maturation of rRNA in pre-60S ribosomal subunits, would be readily amenable to use in diagnostic laboratories. In addition to utility as a diagnostic tool, we applied this technique to gene discovery in DBA, resulting in the identification of RPL31 as a novel DBA gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason E. Farrar
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Section; Department of Pediatrics; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; Little Rock Arkansas
| | - Paola Quarello
- Onco-Hematologic Center, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital; Turin Italy
| | - Ross Fisher
- Department of Pediatrics; Loma Linda University Medical Center; San Bernadino California
| | - Kelly A. O'Brien
- Hematopoiesis Section; Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch; National Human Genome Research Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda Maryland
| | - Anna Aspesi
- Department of Health Sciences; University of Eastern Piedmont; Novara Italy
| | - Sara Parrella
- Department of Health Sciences; University of Eastern Piedmont; Novara Italy
| | - Adrianna L. Henson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Louisville; Louisville Kentucky
| | - Nancy E. Seidel
- Hematopoiesis Section; Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch; National Human Genome Research Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda Maryland
| | - Eva Atsidaftos
- Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Medicine; Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine; Hempstead New York
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research; Manhasset New York
- Division of Hematology/Oncology; Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York; New Hyde Park New York
| | - Supraja Prakash
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Section; Department of Pediatrics; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; Little Rock Arkansas
| | - Shahla Bari
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Section; Department of Pediatrics; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; Little Rock Arkansas
| | - Emanuela Garelli
- Department of Pediatric and Public Health; University of Turin; Turin Italy
| | - Robert J. Arceci
- Department of Child Health; Ronald A. Matricaria Institute of Molecular Medicine; Phoenix Children's Hospital; University of Arizona College of Medicine; Phoenix Arizona
| | - Irma Dianzani
- Department of Health Sciences; University of Eastern Piedmont; Novara Italy
| | - Ugo Ramenghi
- Department of Pediatric and Public Health; University of Turin; Turin Italy
| | - Adrianna Vlachos
- Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Medicine; Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine; Hempstead New York
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research; Manhasset New York
- Division of Hematology/Oncology; Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York; New Hyde Park New York
| | - Jeffrey M. Lipton
- Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Medicine; Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine; Hempstead New York
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research; Manhasset New York
- Division of Hematology/Oncology; Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York; New Hyde Park New York
| | - David M. Bodine
- Hematopoiesis Section; Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch; National Human Genome Research Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda Maryland
| | - Steven R. Ellis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Louisville; Louisville Kentucky
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Jaako P, Debnath S, Olsson K, Modlich U, Rothe M, Schambach A, Flygare J, Karlsson S. Gene therapy cures the anemia and lethal bone marrow failure in a mouse model of RPS19-deficient Diamond-Blackfan anemia. Haematologica 2014; 99:1792-8. [PMID: 25216681 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2014.111195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Diamond-Blackfan anemia is a congenital erythroid hypoplasia caused by functional haploinsufficiency of genes encoding ribosomal proteins. Mutations involving the ribosomal protein S19 gene are detected in 25% of patients. Enforced expression of ribosomal protein S19 improves the overall proliferative capacity, erythroid colony-forming potential and erythroid differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors from ribosomal protein S19-deficient patients in vitro and in vivo following xenotransplantation. However, studies using animal models are needed to assess the therapeutic efficacy and safety of the viral vectors. In the present study we have validated the therapeutic potential of gene therapy using mouse models of ribosomal protein S19-deficient Diamond-Blackfan anemia. Using lentiviral gene transfer we demonstrated that enforced expression of ribosomal protein S19 cures the anemia and lethal bone marrow failure in recipients transplanted with ribosomal protein S19-deficient cells. Furthermore, gene-corrected ribosomal protein S19-deficient cells showed an increased pan-hematopoietic contribution over time compared to untransduced cells without signs of vector-mediated toxicity. Our study provides a proof of principle for the development of clinical gene therapy to cure ribosomal protein 19-deficient Diamond-Blackfan anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pekka Jaako
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Strategic Center for Stem Cell Biology, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Shubhranshu Debnath
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Strategic Center for Stem Cell Biology, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Karin Olsson
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Strategic Center for Stem Cell Biology, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Ute Modlich
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Germany; LOEWE Research Group for Gene Modification in Stem Cells, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Michael Rothe
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Johan Flygare
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Strategic Center for Stem Cell Biology, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Stefan Karlsson
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Strategic Center for Stem Cell Biology, Lund University, Sweden;
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82
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Wang M, Anikin L, Pestov DG. Two orthogonal cleavages separate subunit RNAs in mouse ribosome biogenesis. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:11180-91. [PMID: 25190460 PMCID: PMC4176171 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribosome biogenesis is a dynamic multistep process, many features of which are still incompletely documented. Here, we show that changes in this pathway can be captured and annotated by means of a graphic set of pre-rRNA ratios, a technique we call Ratio Analysis of Multiple Precursors (RAMP). We find that knocking down a ribosome synthesis factor produces a characteristic RAMP profile that exhibits consistency across a range of depletion levels. This facilitates the inference of affected steps and simplifies comparative analysis. We applied RAMP to examine how endonucleolytic cleavages of the mouse pre-rRNA transcript in the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) are affected by depletion of factors required for maturation of the small ribosomal subunit (Rcl1, Fcf1/Utp24, Utp23) and the large subunit (Pes1, Nog1). The data suggest that completion of early maturation in a subunit triggers its release from the common pre-rRNA transcript by stimulating cleavage at the proximal site in ITS1. We also find that splitting of pre-rRNA in the 3' region of ITS1 is prevalent in adult mouse tissues and quiescent cells, as it is in human cells. We propose a model for subunit separation during mammalian ribosome synthesis and discuss its implications for understanding pre-rRNA processing pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minshi Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Leonid Anikin
- Department of Cell Biology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Dimitri G Pestov
- Department of Cell Biology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
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83
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Nieminen TT, O’Donohue MF, Wu Y, Lohi H, Scherer SW, Paterson AD, Ellonen P, Abdel-Rahman WM, Valo S, Mecklin JP, Järvinen HJ, Gleizes PE, Peltomäki P. Germline mutation of RPS20, encoding a ribosomal protein, causes predisposition to hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma without DNA mismatch repair deficiency. Gastroenterology 2014; 147:595-598.e5. [PMID: 24941021 PMCID: PMC4155505 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the genetic factors that contribute to familial colorectal cancer type X (FCCX), characterized by hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma with no mismatch repair defects. Genetic linkage analysis, exome sequencing, tumor studies, and functional investigations of 4 generations of a FCCX family led to the identification of a truncating germline mutation in RPS20, which encodes a component (S20) of the small ribosomal subunit and is a new colon cancer predisposition gene. The mutation was associated with a defect in pre-ribosomal RNA maturation. Our findings show that mutations in a gene encoding a ribosomal protein can predispose individuals to microsatellite-stable colon cancer. Evaluation of additional FCCX families for mutations in RPS20 and other ribosome-associated genes is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taina T. Nieminen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Reprint requests Address requests for reprints to: Taina Nieminen, PhD, Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, PO Box 63, Haartmaninkatu 8, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. fax: (358) 294125105.
| | - Marie-Françoise O’Donohue
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moleculaire Eucaryote, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5099, Toulouse, France
| | - Yunpeng Wu
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio,Department of Specialty Medicine, OU-HCOM, Athens, Ohio
| | - Hannes Lohi
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stephen W. Scherer
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,McLaughlin Centre and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew D. Paterson
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pekka Ellonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wael M. Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Satu Valo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka-Pekka Mecklin
- Department of Surgery, Jyväskylä Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heikki J. Järvinen
- Second Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Gleizes
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moleculaire Eucaryote, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5099, Toulouse, France
| | - Päivi Peltomäki
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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84
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Wang W, Nag S, Zhang X, Wang MH, Wang H, Zhou J, Zhang R. Ribosomal proteins and human diseases: pathogenesis, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic implications. Med Res Rev 2014; 35:225-85. [PMID: 25164622 DOI: 10.1002/med.21327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ribosomes are essential components of the protein synthesis machinery. The process of ribosome biogenesis is well organized and tightly regulated. Recent studies have shown that ribosomal proteins (RPs) have extraribosomal functions that are involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, DNA repair, and other cellular processes. The dysfunction of RPs has been linked to the development and progression of hematological, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Perturbation of ribosome biogenesis results in ribosomal stress, which triggers activation of the p53 signaling pathway through RPs-MDM2 interactions, resulting in p53-dependent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. RPs also regulate cellular functions through p53-independent mechanisms. We herein review the recent advances in several forefronts of RP research, including the understanding of their biological features and roles in regulating cellular functions, maintaining cell homeostasis, and their involvement in the pathogenesis of human diseases. We also highlight the translational potential of this research for the identification of molecular biomarkers, and in the discovery and development of novel treatments for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, 79106; Cancer Biology Center, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, 79106
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85
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Defects of protein production in erythroid cells revealed in a zebrafish Diamond-Blackfan anemia model for mutation in RPS19. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1352. [PMID: 25058426 PMCID: PMC4123107 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Diamond–Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a rare congenital red cell aplasia that classically presents during early infancy in DBA patients. Approximately, 25% of patients carry a mutation in the ribosomal protein (RP) S19 gene; mutations in RPS24, RPS17, RPL35A, RPL11, and RPL5 have been reported. How ribosome protein deficiency causes defects specifically to red blood cells in DBA has not been well elucidated. To genetically model the predominant ribosome defect in DBA, we generated an rps19 null mutant through the use of TALEN-mediated gene targeting in zebrafish. Molecular characterization of this mutant line demonstrated that rps19 deficiency reproduced the erythroid defects of DBA, including a lack of mature red blood cells and p53 activation. Notably, we found that rps19 mutants' production of globin proteins was significantly inhibited; however, globin transcript level was either increased or unaffected in rps19 mutant embryos. This dissociation of RNA/protein levels of globin genes was confirmed in another zebrafish DBA model with defects in rpl11. Using transgenic zebrafish with specific expression of mCherry in erythroid cells, we showed that protein production in erythroid cells was decreased when either rps19 or rpl11 was mutated. L-Leucine treatment alleviated the defects of protein production in erythroid cells and partially rescued the anemic phenotype in both rps19 and rpl11 mutants. Analysis of this model suggests that the decreased protein production in erythroid cells likely contributes to the blood-specific phenotype of DBA. Furthermore, the newly generated rps19 zebrafish mutant should serve as a useful animal model to study DBA. Our in vivo findings may provide clues for the future therapy strategy for DBA.
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86
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Parrella S, Aspesi A, Quarello P, Garelli E, Pavesi E, Carando A, Nardi M, Ellis SR, Ramenghi U, Dianzani I. Loss of GATA-1 full length as a cause of Diamond-Blackfan anemia phenotype. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014; 61:1319-21. [PMID: 24453067 PMCID: PMC4684094 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.24944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the hematopoietic transcription factor GATA-1 alter the proliferation/differentiation of hemopoietic progenitors. Mutations in exon 2 interfere with the synthesis of the full-length isoform of GATA-1 and lead to the production of a shortened isoform, GATA-1s. These mutations have been found in patients with Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA), a congenital erythroid aplasia typically caused by mutations in genes encoding ribosomal proteins. We sequenced GATA-1 in 23 patients that were negative for mutations in the most frequently mutated DBA genes. One patient showed a c.2T > C mutation in the initiation codon leading to the loss of the full-length GATA-1 isoform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Parrella
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Anna Aspesi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Paola Quarello
- Onco-Hematologic Center, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Emanuela Garelli
- Department of Pediatric and Public Health, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Pavesi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Adriana Carando
- Department of Pediatric and Public Health, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Margherita Nardi
- Onco-Hematologic Pediatric Center, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Steven R. Ellis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Ugo Ramenghi
- Department of Pediatric and Public Health, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Irma Dianzani
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
,Correspondence to: Irma Dianzani, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Via Solaroli, 17, Novara 28100, Italy.
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87
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Farrar JE. Diamond Blackfan anemia: a Cheshire cat of hematology. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014; 61:1154-5. [PMID: 24634369 PMCID: PMC4255456 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason E Farrar
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas
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88
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Altered translation of GATA1 in Diamond-Blackfan anemia. Nat Med 2014; 20:748-53. [PMID: 24952648 PMCID: PMC4087046 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ribosomal protein haploinsufficiency occurs in diverse human diseases including Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA),1,2 congenital asplenia,3 and T-cell leukemia.4 Yet how mutations in such ubiquitously expressed proteins result in cell-type and tissue specific defects remains a mystery.5 Here, we show that GATA1 mutations that reduce full-length protein levels of this critical hematopoietic transcription factor can cause DBA in rare instances. We show that ribosomal protein haploinsufficiency, the more common cause of DBA, can similarly reduce translation of GATA1 mRNA - a phenomenon that appears to result from this mRNA having a higher threshold for initiation of translation. In primary hematopoietic cells from patients with RPS19 mutations, a transcriptional signature of GATA1 target genes is globally and specifically reduced, confirming that the activity, but not the mRNA level, of GATA1 is reduced in DBA patients with ribosomal protein mutations. The defective hematopoiesis observed in DBA patients with ribosomal protein haploinsufficiency can be at least partially overcome by increasing GATA1 protein levels. Our results provide a paradigm by which selective defects in translation due to mutations in ubiquitous ribosomal proteins can result in human disease.
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89
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Abstract
This review summarizes the current understanding of the role of nuclear bodies in regulating gene expression. The compartmentalization of cellular processes, such as ribosome biogenesis, RNA processing, cellular response to stress, transcription, modification and assembly of spliceosomal snRNPs, histone gene synthesis and nuclear RNA retention, has significant implications for gene regulation. These functional nuclear domains include the nucleolus, nuclear speckle, nuclear stress body, transcription factory, Cajal body, Gemini of Cajal body, histone locus body and paraspeckle. We herein review the roles of nuclear bodies in regulating gene expression and their relation to human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cornelius F. Boerkoel
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-604-875-2157; Fax: +1-604-875-2376
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90
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Dissecting the transcriptional phenotype of ribosomal protein deficiency: implications for Diamond-Blackfan Anemia. Gene 2014; 545:282-9. [PMID: 24835311 PMCID: PMC4058751 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Defects in genes encoding ribosomal proteins cause Diamond Blackfan Anemia (DBA), a red cell aplasia often associated with physical abnormalities. Other bone marrow failure syndromes have been attributed to defects in ribosomal components but the link between erythropoiesis and the ribosome remains to be fully defined. Several lines of evidence suggest that defects in ribosome synthesis lead to “ribosomal stress” with p53 activation and either cell cycle arrest or induction of apoptosis. Pathways independent of p53 have also been proposed to play a role in DBA pathogenesis. We took an unbiased approach to identify p53-independent pathways activated by defects in ribosome synthesis by analyzing global gene expression in various cellular models of DBA. Ranking-Principal Component Analysis (Ranking-PCA) was applied to the identified datasets to determine whether there are common sets of genes whose expression is altered in these different cellular models. We observed consistent changes in the expression of genes involved in cellular amino acid metabolic process, negative regulation of cell proliferation and cell redox homeostasis. These data indicate that cells respond to defects in ribosome synthesis by changing the level of expression of a limited subset of genes involved in critical cellular processes. Moreover, our data support a role for p53-independent pathways in the pathophysiology of DBA. Ribosomopathies such as DBA are caused by ribosome dysfunction that activates p53. p53-independent pathways may suggest possible treatments for DBA. Expression analysis was performed in three p53-null models of DBA. Genes involved in apoptosis and cell redox homeostasis were especially affected. DBA is due to cumulative effects of p53-dependent and independent pathways.
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91
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Whole-exome sequencing and functional studies identify RPS29 as a novel gene mutated in multicase Diamond-Blackfan anemia families. Blood 2014; 124:24-32. [PMID: 24829207 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-11-540278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a cancer-prone inherited bone marrow failure syndrome. Approximately half of DBA patients have a germ-line mutation in a ribosomal protein gene. We used whole-exome sequencing to identify disease-causing genes in 2 large DBA families. After filtering, 1 nonsynonymous mutation (p.I31F) in the ribosomal protein S29 (RPS29[AUQ1]) gene was present in all 5 DBA-affected individuals and the obligate carrier, and absent from the unaffected noncarrier parent in 1 DBA family. A second DBA family was found to have a different nonsynonymous mutation (p.I50T) in RPS29. Both mutations are amino acid substitutions in exon 2 predicted to be deleterious and resulted in haploinsufficiency of RPS29 expression compared with wild-type RPS29 expression from an unaffected control. The DBA proband with the p.I31F RPS29 mutation had a pre-ribosomal RNA (rRNA) processing defect compared with the healthy control. We demonstrated that both RPS29 mutations failed to rescue the defective erythropoiesis in the rps29(-/-) mutant zebra fish DBA model. RPS29 is a component of the small 40S ribosomal subunit and essential for rRNA processing and ribosome biogenesis. We uncovered a novel DBA causative gene, RPS29, and showed that germ-line mutations in RPS29 can cause a defective erythropoiesis phenotype using a zebra fish model.
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92
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Abstract
Pearson marrow pancreas syndrome (PS) is a multisystem disorder caused by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions. Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a congenital hypoproliferative anemia in which mutations in ribosomal protein genes and GATA1 have been implicated. Both syndromes share several features including early onset of severe anemia, variable nonhematologic manifestations, sporadic genetic occurrence, and occasional spontaneous hematologic improvement. Because of the overlapping features and relative rarity of PS, we hypothesized that some patients in whom the leading clinical diagnosis is DBA actually have PS. Here, we evaluated patient DNA samples submitted for DBA genetic studies and found that 8 (4.6%) of 173 genetically uncharacterized patients contained large mtDNA deletions. Only 2 (25%) of the patients had been diagnosed with PS on clinical grounds subsequent to sample submission. We conclude that PS can be overlooked, and that mtDNA deletion testing should be performed in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with congenital anemia.
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93
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Ribosomal protein mutations in Korean patients with Diamond-Blackfan anemia. Exp Mol Med 2014; 46:e88. [PMID: 24675553 PMCID: PMC3972785 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2013.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a congenital bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by hypoproliferative anemia, associated physical malformations and a predisposition to cancer. DBA has been associated with mutations and deletions in the large and small ribosomal protein genes, and genetic aberrations have been detected in ∼50–60% of patients. In this study, nine Korean DBA patients were screened for mutations in eight known DBA genes (RPS19, RPS24, RPS17, RPS10, RPS26, RPL35A, RPL5 and RPL11) using the direct sequencing method. Mutations in RPS19, RPS26 and RPS17 were detected in four, two and one patient, respectively. Among the mutations detected in RPS19, two mutations were novel (c.26T>A, c.357-2A>G). For the mutation-negative cases, array-CGH analysis was performed to identify copy-number variations, and no deletions involving the known DBA gene regions were identified. The relative mRNA expression of RPS19 estimated using real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed two- to fourfold reductions in RPS19 mRNA expression in three patients with RPS19 mutations, and p53 protein expression analysis by immunohistochemistry showed variable but significant nuclear staining in the DBA patients. In conclusion, heterozygous mutations in the known DBA genes RPS19, RPS26 and RPS17 were detected in seven out of nine Korean DBA patients. Among these patients, RPS19 was the most frequently mutated gene. In addition, decreased RPS19 mRNA expression and p53 overexpression were observed in the Korean DBA patients, which supports the hypothesis that haploinsufficiency and p53 hyperactivation represent a central pathway underlying the pathogenesis of DBA.
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94
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Vlachos A, Blanc L, Lipton JM. Diamond Blackfan anemia: a model for the translational approach to understanding human disease. Expert Rev Hematol 2014; 7:359-72. [PMID: 24665981 DOI: 10.1586/17474086.2014.897923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Diamond Blackfan anemia (DBA) is an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome. As with the other rare inherited bone marrow failure syndromes, the study of these disorders provides important insights into basic biology and, in the case of DBA, ribosome biology; the disruption of which characterizes the disorder. Thus DBA serves as a paradigm for translational medicine in which the efforts of clinicians to manage DBA have informed laboratory scientists who, in turn, have stimulated clinical researchers to utilize scientific discovery to provide improved care. In this review we describe the clinical syndrome Diamond Blackfan anemia and, in particular, we demonstrate how the study of DBA has allowed scientific inquiry to create opportunities for progress in its understanding and treatment.
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95
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Armistead J, Triggs-Raine B. Diverse diseases from a ubiquitous process: the ribosomopathy paradox. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:1491-500. [PMID: 24657617 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Collectively, the ribosomopathies are caused by defects in ribosome biogenesis. Although these disorders encompass deficiencies in a ubiquitous and fundamental process, the clinical manifestations are extremely variable and typically display tissue specificity. Research into this paradox has offered fascinating new insights into the role of the ribosome in the regulation of mRNA translation, cell cycle control, and signaling pathways involving TP53, MYC and mTOR. Several common features of ribosomopathies such as small stature, cancer predisposition, and hematological defects, point to how these diverse diseases may be related at a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Armistead
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, The University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Ave., Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Barbara Triggs-Raine
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, The University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Ave., Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada; The Manitoba Institute of Child Health, 715 McDermot Ave., Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
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96
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Fagioli F, Quarello P, Zecca M, Lanino E, Corti P, Favre C, Ripaldi M, Ramenghi U, Locatelli F, Prete A. Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for Diamond Blackfan anaemia: a report from the Italian Association of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology Registry. Br J Haematol 2014; 165:673-81. [PMID: 24611452 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only curative option for patients with Diamond Blackfan anaemia (DBA). We report the transplantation outcome of 30 Italian DBA patients referred to the Italian Association of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology Registry between 1990 and 2012. This is one of the largest national registry cohorts of transplanted DBA patients. Most patients (83%) were allografted after 2000. A matched sibling donor was employed in 16 patients (53%), the remaining 14 patients (47%) were transplanted from matched unrelated donors. Twenty-eight of the 30 patients engrafted. One patient died at day +6 due to veno-occlusive disease without achieving neutrophil recovery and another patient remained transfusion-dependent despite the presence of a full donor chimerism. The 5-year overall survival and transplant-related mortality was 74·4% and 25·6%, respectively. Patients younger than 10 years as well as those transplanted after 2000 showed a significantly higher overall survival and a significantly lower risk of transplant-related mortality. No difference between donor type was observed. Our data suggest that allogeneic HSCT from a related or unrelated donor was a reasonable alternative to transfusion therapy in young and well chelated DBA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca Fagioli
- Paediatric Onco-Haematology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Division, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Italy
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97
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Yadav GV, Chakraborty A, Uechi T, Kenmochi N. Ribosomal protein deficiency causes Tp53-independent erythropoiesis failure in zebrafish. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 49:1-7. [PMID: 24417973 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Diamond-Blackfan anemia is an inherited genetic disease caused by mutations in ribosomal protein genes. The disease is characterized by bone marrow failure, congenital anomalies, and a severe erythroid defect. The activation of the TP53 pathway has been suggested to be critical for the pathophysiology of Diamond-Blackfan anemia. While this pathway plays a role in the morphological defects that associate with ribosomal protein loss-of-function in animal models, its role in the erythroid defects has not been clearly established. To understand the specificity of erythroid defects in Diamond-Blackfan anemia, we knocked down five RP genes (two Diamond-Blackfan anemia-associated and three non-Diamond-Blackfan anemia-associated) in zebrafish and analyzed the effects on the developmental and erythroid phenotypes in the presence and absence of Tp53. The co-inhibition of Tp53 activity rescued the morphological deformities but did not alleviate the erythroid aplasia indicating that ribosomal protein deficiency causes erythroid failure in a Tp53-independent manner. Interestingly, treatment with L-Leucine or L-Arginine, amino acids that augment mRNA translation via mTOR pathway, rescued the morphological defects and resulted in a substantial recovery of erythroid cells. Our results suggest that altered translation because of impaired ribosome function could be responsible for the morphological and erythroid defects in ribosomal protein-deficient zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gnaneshwar V Yadav
- Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Anirban Chakraborty
- Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Tamayo Uechi
- Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Naoya Kenmochi
- Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Japan.
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98
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Bolze A. [Connecting isolated congenital asplenia to the ribosome]. Biol Aujourdhui 2014; 208:289-98. [PMID: 25840456 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2015001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Isolated congenital asplenia is characterized by the absence of a spleen at birth without any other developmental defect. Isolated congenital asplenia is a rare and life-threatening disease that predisposes patients to severe bacterial infections. The first and main genetic etiology of isolated congenital asplenia was discovered in 2013. Mutations in the gene RPSA, which encodes ribosomal protein SA, cause more than half of the cases of isolated congenital asplenia. These disease-causing mutations lead to haploinsufficiency of RPSA. Haploinsufficiency of genes encoding other ribosomal proteins have been reported to cause other developmental defects in humans, and in model organisms like the fly or the mouse. About half of the patients with Diamond-Blackfan anemia, which is a well-characterized ribosomopathy, present developmental defects such as craniofacial defects, cardiac defects or thumb abnormalities. The mechanism of pathogenesis linking mutations in ribosomal proteins, which are highly and ubiquitously expressed, to specific developmental defects remains to be elucidated. One hypothesis is that the ribosome, and ribosomal proteins in particular, regulate the expression of specific genes during development.
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Cellular stress pathways in pediatric bone marrow failure syndromes: many roads lead to neutropenia. Pediatr Res 2014; 75:189-95. [PMID: 24192702 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2013.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The inherited bone marrow failure syndromes, like severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) and Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS), provide unique insights into normal and impaired myelopoiesis. The inherited neutropenias are heterogeneous in both clinical presentation and genetic associations, and their causative mechanisms are not well established. SCN, for example, is a genetically heterogeneous syndrome associated with mutations of ELANE, HAX1, GFI1, WAS, G6PC3, or CSF3R. The genetic diversity in SCN, along with congenital neutropenias associated with other genetically defined bone marrow failure syndromes (e.g., SDS), suggests that various pathways may be involved in their pathogenesis. Alternatively, all may lead to a final common pathway of enhanced apoptosis. The pursuit for a more complete understanding of the molecular mechanisms that drive inherited neutropenias remains at the forefront of pediatric translational and basic science investigation. Advances in our understanding of these disorders have greatly increased over the last 10 years concomitant with identification of their genetic lesions. Emerging themes include induction of the unfolded protein response (UPR), defective ribosome assembly, and p53-dependent apoptosis. Additionally, defects in metabolism, disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, and mislocalization have been found. When perturbed, each of these lead to an intracellular stress that triggers apoptosis in the vulnerable granulocytic precursor.
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Bursac S, Brdovcak MC, Donati G, Volarevic S. Activation of the tumor suppressor p53 upon impairment of ribosome biogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1842:817-30. [PMID: 24514102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Errors in ribosome biogenesis can result in quantitative or qualitative defects in protein synthesis and consequently lead to improper execution of the genetic program and the development of specific diseases. Evidence has accumulated over the last decade suggesting that perturbation of ribosome biogenesis triggers a p53-activating checkpoint signaling pathway, often referred to as the ribosome biogenesis stress checkpoint pathway. Although it was originally suggested that p53 has a prominent role in preventing diseases by monitoring the fidelity of ribosome biogenesis, recent work has demonstrated that p53 activation upon impairment of ribosome biogenesis also mediates pathological manifestations in humans. Perturbations of ribosome biogenesis can trigger a p53-dependent checkpoint signaling pathway independent of DNA damage and the tumor suppressor ARF through inhibitory interactions of specific ribosomal components with the p53 negative regulator, Mdm2. Here we review the recent advances made toward understanding of this newly-recognized checkpoint signaling pathway, its role in health and disease, and discuss possible future directions in this exciting research field. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Role of the Nucleolus in Human Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sladana Bursac
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Maja Cokaric Brdovcak
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Giulio Donati
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Institut d'Investigacio' Biome'dica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sinisa Volarevic
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
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