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Schmitt H, Ulmschneider J, Billmeier U, Vieth M, Scarozza P, Sonnewald S, Reid S, Atreya I, Rath T, Zundler S, Langheinrich M, Schüttler J, Hartmann A, Winkler T, Admyre C, Knittel T, Dieterich Johansson C, Zargari A, Neurath MF, Atreya R. The TLR9 Agonist Cobitolimod Induces IL10-Producing Wound Healing Macrophages and Regulatory T Cells in Ulcerative Colitis. J Crohns Colitis 2020; 14:508-524. [PMID: 31630153 PMCID: PMC7242005 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The topically applied Toll-like receptor 9 [TLR9] agonist cobitolimod is a first-in-class DNA-based oligonucleotide with demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in clinical trials with ulcerative colitis [UC] patients. We here characterized its anti-inflammatory mechanism in UC. METHODS Luminal cobitolimod administration was evaluated in an experimental dextran sodium sulfate [DSS]-induced colitis model. Cultured blood and mucosal cells from UC patients were treated with cobitolimod and analysed via microarray, quantitative real-time PCR, ELISA and flow cytometry. Intestinal slides of cobitolimod-treated UC patients were analysed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Cobitolimod administration markedly suppressed experimental colitis activity, and microarray analyses demonstrated mucosal IL10 upregulation and suppression of IL17 signalling pathways. Cobitolimod treatment was associated with significant induction of mucosal IL10+Tr1 and Treg cells and suppression of Th17 cells. TLR9 knockout mice indicated that cobitolimod requires TLR9 signalling for IL10 induction. In UC patients, mucosal TLR9 levels correlated with severity of inflammation. Cobitolimod inhibited IL17A and IL17F, but increased IL10 and FoxP3 expression in cultured intestinal UC T cells. Cobitolimod-mediated suppression of intestinal IL17+T cells was abrogated by IL10 blockade. Furthermore, cobitolimod led to heightened IL10 production by wound healing macrophages. Immunohistochemistry in intestinal biopsies of cobitolimod-treated UC patients indicated increased presence of IL10+mononuclear and regulatory T cells, as well as reduction of IL17+cells. CONCLUSION Activation of TLR9 via cobitolimod might represent a novel therapeutic approach in UC, as it suppresses Th17 cells and induces anti-inflammatory IL10+macrophages and regulatory T cells, thereby modifying the dysregulated intestinal cytokine balance. PODCAST This article has an associated podcast which can be accessed at https://academic.oup.com/ecco-jcc/pages/podcast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Schmitt
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Ulmschneider
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Billmeier
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Vieth
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Patrizio Scarozza
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany,Internal Medicine Department, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Sophia Sonnewald
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephen Reid
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Imke Atreya
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timo Rath
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zundler
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Melanie Langheinrich
- Department of Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schüttler
- Department for Anesthesiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Department of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Winkler
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Markus F Neurath
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raja Atreya
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany,Corresponding author: Prof. Raja Atreya, MD, First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany. Tel: 49 9131 85 35115; Fax: 49 9131 85 35116;
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Effect of Electroacupuncture in Mice with Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis and the Influence of Gut Microbiota. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:2087903. [PMID: 32419794 PMCID: PMC7204379 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2087903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background The relationship between inflammatory bowel disease and gut microbiota is inextricable. Electroacupuncture (EA) can alleviate acute experimental colitis, but the performance of intestinal microorganisms and the mechanism are still not fully understood. We investigated the relationship between the EA and gut microbes and clarified the role of tight junction and adiponectin in the anti-inflammatory effect of EA. Methods Male C57BL/6 mice were randomized into three groups: normal control, dextran sulfate sodium- (DSS-) induced ulcerative colitis (DSS), and DSS with EA ST36 (DSS + EA). Mice body weight, DAI score, colon length, and histological score were evaluated for colitis severity. Colonic inflammation and tight junctions were demonstrated by the immunohistochemical (IHC) method. Systemic responses were confirmed by plasma cytokines and adiponectin with multiplex immunoassays. Gut microbiome profiling was conducted by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results EA had benefit in relieving both macroscopic and microscopic colonic inflammation. It can reduce disease activity, maintain colon length, and ameliorate histological inflammatory reaction. In IHC stain, EA decreased CD11b, F4/80, TLR4, and MyD88 and preserved claudin-1 and ZO-1 expression. Compared with the control group, the DSS group showed elevated levels of CRP, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6, but decreased adiponectin. These changes were reversed by EA, accompanied by modulation of the overall structure of gut microbiota. Conclusion Our findings suggest that EA exerts its therapeutic effect by TLR4 signaling via the MyD88-dependent pathway. EA could increase adiponectin, maintain mucosal tight junctions, and modulate gut microbiota.
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Amon L, Lehmann CHK, Heger L, Heidkamp GF, Dudziak D. The ontogenetic path of human dendritic cells. Mol Immunol 2020; 120:122-129. [PMID: 32114182 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) orchestrate adaptive immune responses. In healthy individuals, DCs are drivers and fine-tuners of T cell responses directed against invading pathogens or cancer cells. In parallel, DCs control autoreactive T cells, thereby maintaining T cell tolerance. Under various disease conditions, a disruption of this delicate balance can lead to chronic infections, tumor evasion, or autoimmunity. While great efforts have been made to unravel the origin and development of this powerful cell type in mice, only little is known about the ontogeny of human DCs. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the developmental path of DCs from hematopoietic stem cells to fully functional DCs in their local tissue environment and provide a template for the identification of DCs across various tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Amon
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hartmannstraße 14, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian H K Lehmann
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hartmannstraße 14, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany; Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Heger
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hartmannstraße 14, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gordon F Heidkamp
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hartmannstraße 14, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany; Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, pRED, Munich, Germany
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hartmannstraße 14, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany; Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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Gerges SH, Tolba MF, Elsherbiny DA, El-Demerdash E. The natural flavonoid galangin ameliorates dextran sulphate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in mice: Effect on Toll-like receptor 4, inflammation and oxidative stress. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 127:10-20. [PMID: 31943791 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the potential therapeutic effect of galangin, a promising active principle of honeybee propolis, in dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. We explored the possible underlying mechanisms for galangin action and the therapeutic benefit of adding galangin to the standard therapy sulphasalazine. A galangin dose of 40 mg/kg was selected based on a preliminary dose-selection study for investigation in a 4-week cyclical model of DSS-induced colitis. Mice received 3% DSS in their drinking water during the first and third weeks and were administered the treatments (40 mg/kg galangin, 100 mg/kg sulphasalazine and a combination of 20 mg/kg galangin and 50 mg/kg sulphasalazine) daily starting from the second week. Galangin significantly ameliorated DSS-induced histopathological alterations and tissue injury, down-regulated Toll-like receptor 4 expression, suppressed NF-κB p65 activation, lowered inflammatory cytokine levels and demonstrated antioxidant effects. The combination of galangin and sulphasalazine at half doses yielded comparable results to either drug alone at full dose. This study highlights galangin as a promising therapy for colitis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar H Gerges
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mai F Tolba
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Doaa A Elsherbiny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ebtehal El-Demerdash
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Effect of chemical modulation of toll-like receptor 4 in an animal model of ulcerative colitis. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 76:409-418. [PMID: 31982922 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-019-02799-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The partial ineffectiveness and side effects of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) current therapies drive basic research to look for new therapeutic target in order to develop new drug lead. Considering the pivotal role played by toll-like receptors (TLRs) in gut inflammation, we evaluate here the therapeutic effect of the synthetic glycolipid TLR4 antagonist FP7. METHODS The anti-inflammatory effect of FP7, active as TLR4 antagonist, was evaluated on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMCs) isolated from IBD patients, and in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis. RESULTS FP7 strongly reduced the inflammatory responses induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro, due to its capacity to compete with LPS for the binding of TLR4/MD-2 receptor complex thus inhibiting both the MyD88- and TRIF-dependent inflammatory pathways. Colitic mice treated with FP7 exhibit reduced colonic inflammation and decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that TLR4 chemical modulation can be an effective therapeutic approach to IBD. The selectivity of FP7 on TLR4 makes this molecule a promising drug lead for new small molecules-based treatments.
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ROLE OF SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE GENE POLYMORPHISMS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS. WORLD OF MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.26724/2079-8334-2020-3-73-52-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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57
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McKernan DP. Pattern recognition receptors as potential drug targets in inflammatory disorders. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2019; 119:65-109. [PMID: 31997773 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are a key part of the innate immune system, the body's first line of defense against infection and tissue damage. This superfamily of receptors including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), C-type lectin-like receptors (CLRs) and RIG-like receptors (RLRs) are responsible for initiation of the inflammatory response by their recognition of molecular patterns present in invading microorganisms (such as bacteria, viruses or fungi) during infection or in molecules released following tissue damage during acute or chronic disease states (such as sepsis or arthritis). These receptors are widely expressed and located on the cell surface, in intracellular compartments or in the cytoplasm can detect a single or subset of molecules including lipoproteins, carbohydrates or nucleic acids. In response, they initiate an intracellular signaling cascade that culminates in the synthesis and release of cytokines, chemokines and vasoactive molecules. These steps are necessary to maintain tissue homeostasis and remove potentially dangerous pathogens. However, during extreme or acute responses or during chronic disease, this can be damaging and even lead to death. Therefore, it is thought that targeting such receptors may offer a therapeutic approach in chronic inflammatory diseases or in cases of acute infection leading to sepsis. Herein, the current knowledge on the molecular biology of PRRs is reviewed along with their association with inflammatory and infectious diseases. Finally, the testing of therapeutic compounds and their future merit as targets is discussed.
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58
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Hennessy C, O'Connell S, Egan LJ, McKernan DP. Inhibition of anti-viral responses in intestinal epithelial cells by epigenetic modifying drugs is mediated by a reduction in viral pattern recognition receptor expression and activity. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2019; 41:527-537. [PMID: 31505962 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2019.1661430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Pattern recognition receptors form an essential part of the host defenses against pathogens, in particular in the intestinal epithelium. However, despite their importance relatively little is understood about the regulation of their expression. Increasing evidence suggesting that epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone acetylation have substantial effects on gene expression and regulation. Epigenetic modifying drugs are now used to treat certain cancers but not a lot is known about their effects on the innate immune system. Thus, we set out to examine the role of such drugs in the expression and function of Toll-like receptors. Methods: Using the HCT116 epithelial cell line, we determined the effects of genetic knockout of the DNA methyltransferases enzymes (DNMTs), as well as pharmacological inhibition of the DNMTs and histone deacetylase complexes (HDACs) on TLR responses to their ligands. Results: Our initial results showed that anti-viral responses were affected by changes in the epigenome, with TLR3 responses showing the most dramatic differences. We determined that inhibition of methylation and acetylation inhibited poly I:C induced increases in signaling protein phosphorylation, as well as increases in cytokine mRNA expression and release. We also observed that treatment with epigenetic modifying drugs were leading to large increases in IRF8 expression, a protein that is a known negative regulator of TLR3. When we overexpressed IRF8 in our WT cells we noticed inhibition of poly I:C responses. Conclusion: This research highlighted the potential immunoregulatory role of epigenetic modifying drugs specifically in response to viral stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor Hennessy
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland , Galway , Ireland
| | - Sarah O'Connell
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland , Galway , Ireland
| | - Laurence J Egan
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland , Galway , Ireland
| | - Declan P McKernan
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland , Galway , Ireland
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de Souza AB, Chaud MV, Santana MHA. Hyaluronic acid behavior in oral administration and perspectives for nanotechnology-based formulations: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 222:115001. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Yang H, Wang W, Romano KA, Gu M, Sanidad KZ, Kim D, Yang J, Schmidt B, Panigrahy D, Pei R, Martin DA, Ozay EI, Wang Y, Song M, Bolling BW, Xiao H, Minter LM, Yang GY, Liu Z, Rey FE, Zhang G. A common antimicrobial additive increases colonic inflammation and colitis-associated colon tumorigenesis in mice. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/443/eaan4116. [PMID: 29848663 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aan4116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is a high-volume chemical used as an antimicrobial ingredient in more than 2000 consumer products, such as toothpaste, cosmetics, kitchenware, and toys. We report that brief exposure to TCS, at relatively low doses, causes low-grade colonic inflammation, increases colitis, and exacerbates colitis-associated colon cancer in mice. Exposure to TCS alters gut microbiota in mice, and its proinflammatory effect is attenuated in germ-free mice. In addition, TCS treatment increases activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling in vivo and fails to promote colitis in Tlr4-/- mice. Together, our results demonstrate that this widely used antimicrobial ingredient could have adverse effects on colonic inflammation and associated colon tumorigenesis through modulation of the gut microbiota and TLR4 signaling. Together, these results highlight the need to reassess the effects of TCS on human health and potentially update policies regulating the use of this widely used antimicrobial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Yang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.,Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Weicang Wang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Kymberleigh A Romano
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Min Gu
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Katherine Z Sanidad
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Daeyoung Kim
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Birgitta Schmidt
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dipak Panigrahy
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ruisong Pei
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Derek A Martin
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - E Ilker Ozay
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.,Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.,College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Mingyue Song
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Bradley W Bolling
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Lisa M Minter
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.,Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Guang-Yu Yang
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.,Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Federico E Rey
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. .,Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Eyking A, Ferber F, Köhler S, Reis H, Cario E. TRIM58 Restrains Intestinal Mucosal Inflammation by Negatively Regulating TLR2 in Myeloid Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:1636-1649. [PMID: 31383741 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Balanced control of innate immune signaling in the intestine represents an important host defense mechanism to avoid inappropriate responses that may exacerbate mucosal injury in acute inflammation. In this study, we report that TRIM58, a RING E3-ubiquitin ligase, associates with TLR2. The interaction was found in a yeast two-hybrid screen (human leukocyte and mononuclear library) and confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation of tagged and endogenous proteins. TRIM58 was predominantly expressed by murine and human myeloid-derived cells. Stimulation with a TLR2 ligand modulated TRIM58 synthesis in myeloid cells. Overexpression of TRIM58, but only in presence of the RING domain, promoted proteasome-dependent degradation of TLR2, inhibiting its signaling activity. Genetic deletion of Trim58 in mice (Trim58 -/-) led to impaired resolution of acute dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis, which was characterized by delayed recovery from colonic injury and associated with enhanced expression of TLR2 protein and proinflammatory cyto/chemokine production in inflamed colons. Using myeloid cell-specific deletion of Trim58 in mice, we demonstrated that the myeloid cell compartment was responsible for early colitis acceleration in Trim58 deficiency. In vitro studies revealed that Trim58 -/- myeloid cells, which showed constitutive upregulation of TLR2 protein, overreacted to a proinflammatory milieu (TNF-α and IFN-γ) with increased IL-1β protein production, which mechanistically depended on Tlr2 Finally, we found that TRIM58 mRNA and protein expression levels were reduced in colonic specimens from patients with ulcerative colitis. In conclusion, we identify TRIM58 as a novel negative mediator of innate immune control and mucosal homeostasis via TLR2 signaling. Dysfunction of TRIM58 in myeloid cells may contribute to ulcerative colitis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Eyking
- Experimental Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.,Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; and
| | - Frederike Ferber
- Experimental Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.,Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; and
| | - Stefanie Köhler
- Experimental Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.,Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; and
| | - Henning Reis
- Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; and.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Elke Cario
- Experimental Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; .,Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; and
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Grasa L, Abecia L, Peña-Cearra A, Robles S, Layunta E, Latorre E, Mesonero JE, Forcén R. TLR2 and TLR4 interact with sulfide system in the modulation of mouse colonic motility. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 31:e13648. [PMID: 31119834 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND H2 S is a neuromodulator that may inhibit intestinal motility. H2 S production in colon is yielded by cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) enzymes and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize intestinal microbiota. The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of TLR2 and TLR4 on the endogenous and SRB-mediated synthesis of H2 S and its consequences on the colonic motility of mouse. METHODS Muscle contractility studies were performed in colon from WT, Tlr2-/- , and Tlr4-/- mice. The mRNA levels of TLR2, TLR4, CBS, CSE, and SRB were measured by real-time PCR. Free sulfide levels in colon and feces were determined by colorimetric assays. RESULTS NaHS and GYY4137, donors of H2 S, reduced the contractility of colon. Aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA), inhibitor of CBS, and D-L propargylglycine (PAG), inhibitor of CSE, increased the contractility of colon. In vivo treatment with NaHS or GYY4137 inhibited the spontaneous contractions and upregulated TLR2 expression. The in vivo activation of TLR4 with lipopolysaccharide increased the contractile response to PAG, mRNA levels of CSE, and the free sulfide levels of H2 S in colon. In Tlr2-/- and Tlr4-/- mice, the contractions induced by AOAA and PAG and mRNA levels of CBS and CSE were lower with respect to WT mice. Deficiency of TLR2 or TLR4 provokes alterations in free sulfide levels and SRB of colon. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES Our study demonstrates interaction between TLR2 and TLR4 and the sulfide system in the regulation of colonic motility and contributes to the pathophysiology knowledge of intestinal motility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Grasa
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón -IA2- (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Ainize Peña-Cearra
- CIC bioGUNE, Spain.,University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Sofia Robles
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elena Layunta
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Univesity of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Latorre
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Emilio Mesonero
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón -IA2- (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raquel Forcén
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Dong LM, Chen XW, He XX, Jiang XP, Wu F. Cell division cycle protein 42 regulates the inflammatory response in mice bearing inflammatory bowel disease. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:1833-1838. [PMID: 31062617 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1596936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effect of cell division cycle protein 42 (CDC42) on inflammatory response and immune response in mice bearing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid was injected into the colon of mice to establish IBD model. The mice were divided into four groups (n = 4): control, model, Ad5, and Ad5-CDC42. After establishing IBD model, mice which were treated with AD5 empty vector and AD5-CDC42 expression vector served as the Ad5 group and Ad5-CDC42 group, respectively. The mRNA and protein levels of interleukin 10 (IL-10), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-4, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the colon tissues were evaluated by RT-PCR and western blot, respectively. Their levels in the serum and colon tissues were examined by ELISA assay and immunohistochemical analysis, respectively. Their changes in the mRNA and protein levels were consistent and similar changes in the colon tissues and the serum were found among various groups. The levels of IL-10, IFN-γ, IL-4, and TNF-α were lowest in the control group. Their levels in the model group and the Ad5 group were similar (p > .05) and significantly higher than those in the control group (p < .05). In comparison with the model group and the Ad5 group, their levels were significantly reduced in the Ad5-CDC42 group (p < .05). In conclusion, the levels of inflammatory cytokines were elevated in the colon tissues and serum of IBD mice, which could be reduced by the CDC42 treatment. CDC42 regulated the inflammatory response and the innate immune response in IBD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Mei Dong
- a Department of Gastroenterology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Xiao-Wei Chen
- a Department of Gastroenterology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Xi-Xi He
- a Department of Gastroenterology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Xue-Pei Jiang
- a Department of Gastroenterology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Fang Wu
- a Department of Gastroenterology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
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64
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Pure yeast beta-glucan and two types of yeast cell wall extracts enhance cell migration in porcine intestine model. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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65
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Gazouli M, Dovrolis N, Franke A, Spyrou GM, Sechi LA, Kolios G. Differential genetic and functional background in inflammatory bowel disease phenotypes of a Greek population: a systems bioinformatics approach. Gut Pathog 2019; 11:31. [PMID: 31249629 PMCID: PMC6570833 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-019-0312-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Crohn’s disease (CD) and Ulcerative colitis (UC) are the two main entities of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Previous works have identified more than 200 risk factors (including loci and signaling pathways) in populations of predominantly European ancestry. Our study was conducted on an extended population-specific cohort of 573 Greek IBD patients (364 CD and 209 UC) and 445 controls. Aims To highlight the different genetic and functional background of IBD and its phenotypes, utilizing contemporary systems bioinformatics methodologies. Methods Disease-associated SNPs, obtained via our own 89 loci IBD risk GWAS panel, were detected with the whole genome association analysis toolset PLINK. These SNPs were used as input for 2 novel and different pathway analysis methods to detect functional interactions. Specifically, PathwayConnector was used to create complementary networks of interacting pathways whereas; the online database of protein interactions STRING provided protein–protein association networks and their derived pathways. Network analyses metrics were employed to identify proteins with high significance and subsequently to rank the signaling pathways those participate in. Results The reported complementary pathway and enriched protein–protein association networks reveal several novel and well-known key players, in the functional background of IBD like Toll-like receptor, TNF, Jak-STAT, PI3K-Akt, T cell receptor, Apoptosis, MAPK and B cell receptor signaling pathways. IBD subphenotypes are found to have distinct genetic and functional profiles which can contribute to their accurate identification and classification. As a secondary result we identify an extended network of diseases with common molecular background to IBD. Conclusions IBD’s burden on the quality of life of patients and intricate functional background presents us constantly with new challenges. Our data and methodology provide researchers with new insights to a specific population, but also, to possible differentiation markers of disease classification and progression. This work, not only provides new insights into the interplay among IBD risk variants and their related signaling pathways, elucidates the mechanisms underlying IBD and its clinical sequelae, but also, introduces a generalized bioinformatics-based methodology which can be applied to studies of different disorders. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13099-019-0312-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gazouli
- 1Laboratory of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Michalakopoulou 176, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolas Dovrolis
- 2Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi, Greece
| | - Andre Franke
- 3Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - George M Spyrou
- 4Bioinformatics ERA Chair, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Leonardo A Sechi
- 5Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - George Kolios
- 2Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi, Greece
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66
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Role of Apple Phytochemicals, Phloretin and Phloridzin, in Modulating Processes Related to Intestinal Inflammation. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11051173. [PMID: 31130634 PMCID: PMC6566941 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived food consumption has gained attention as potential intervention for the improvement of intestinal inflammatory diseases. Apple consumption has been shown to be effective at ameliorating intestinal inflammation symptoms. These beneficial effects have been related to (poly)phenols, including phloretin (Phlor) and its glycoside named phloridzin (Phldz). To deepen the modulatory effects of these molecules we studied: i) their influence on the synthesis of proinflammatory molecules (PGE2, IL-8, IL-6, MCP-1, and ICAM-1) in IL-1β-treated myofibroblasts of the colon CCD-18Co cell line, and ii) the inhibitory potential of the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The results showed that Phlor (10–50 μM) decreased the synthesis of PGE2 and IL-8 and the formation of AGEs by different mechanisms. It is concluded that Phlor and Phldz, compounds found exclusively in apples, are positively associated with potential beneficial effects of apple consumption.
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Mukherjee S, Huda S, Sinha Babu SP. Toll-like receptor polymorphism in host immune response to infectious diseases: A review. Scand J Immunol 2019; 90:e12771. [PMID: 31054156 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Immunopolymorphism is considered as an important aspect behind the resistance or susceptibility of the host to an infectious disease. Over the years, researchers have explored many genetic factors for their role in immune surveillance against infectious diseases. Polymorphic characters in the gene encoding Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play profound roles in inducing differential immune responses by the host against parasitic infections. Protein(s) encoded by TLR gene(s) are immensely important due to their ability of recognizing different types of pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). This study reviews the polymorphic residues present in the nucleotide or in the amino acid sequence of TLRs and their influence on alteration of inflammatory signalling pathways promoting either susceptibility or resistance to major infectious diseases, including tuberculosis, leishmaniasis, malaria and filariasis. Population-based studies exploring TLR polymorphisms in humans are primarily emphasized to discuss the association of the polymorphic residues with the occurrence and epidemiology of the mentioned infectious diseases. Principal polymorphic residues in TLRs influencing immunity to infection are mostly single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). I602S (TLR1), R677W (TLR2), P554S (TLR3), D299G (TLR4), F616L (TLR5), S249P (TLR6), Q11L (TLR7), M1V (TLR8), G1174A (TLR9) and G1031T (TLR10) are presented as the major influential SNPs in shaping immunity to pathogenic infections. The contribution of these SNPs in the structure-function relationship of TLRs is yet not clear. Therefore, molecular studies on such polymorphisms can improve our understanding on the genetic basis of the immune response and pave the way for therapeutic intervention in a more feasible way.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sahel Huda
- Department of Zoology (Centre for Advanced Studies), Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, India
| | - Santi P Sinha Babu
- Department of Zoology (Centre for Advanced Studies), Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, India
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68
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Chen X, Pan H, Li J, Zhang G, Cheng S, Zuo N, Zhao Q, Peng Z. Inhibition of myeloid differentiation 1 specifically in colon with antisense oligonucleotide exacerbates dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:16888-16899. [PMID: 31104313 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid differentiation 1 (MD-1), also known as lymphocyte antigen 86 (Ly86), is a soluble protein homologous to MD-2 and forms a complex with radioprotective 105 (RP105). RP105/MD-1 complex negatively regulates toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling and is involved in several immune disorders. However, the precise role of MD-1 in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) remains poorly understood. To further investigate the involvement of MD-1 in IBD, we inhibited MD-1 in colon with antisense oligonucleotide (AS-ODN) and assessed the effect of MD-1 inhibition on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. We discovered that MD-1 protein expression was remarkably decreased in both patients with ulcerative colitis and mice with DSS-induced colitis. For the first time, we showed that oral administration of MD-1 AS-ODN to mice significantly suppressed the MD-1 protein levels in colon rather than systemic tissues. Subsequently, we found that MD-1 AS-ODN treated mice were more susceptible to DSS-induced colitis based on loss of body weight, colon length, histological scores, and disease activity index. MD-1 inhibition also significantly enhanced inflammatory cytokines production such as IL-6 and IL-1β in colons. Finally, mice treated with MD-1 AS-ODN exhibited increased messenger RNA levels of TLR4 and MyD88 after DSS exposure and showed enhanced nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation compared with the control. Taken together, specifically suppression of MD-1 in colon tissues with AS-ODN exacerbates DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice, which is possibly related to activation of TLR4/NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxing Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Clinical Center & Key Laboratory of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaqin Pan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Clinical Center & Key Laboratory of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Guqin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shizhe Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Clinical Center & Key Laboratory of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Zuo
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Clinical Center & Key Laboratory of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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69
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Curciarello R, Canziani KE, Docena GH, Muglia CI. Contribution of Non-immune Cells to Activation and Modulation of the Intestinal Inflammation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:647. [PMID: 31024529 PMCID: PMC6467945 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucosal immune system constitutes a physical and dynamic barrier against foreign antigens and pathogens and exerts control mechanisms to maintain intestinal tolerance to the microbiota and food antigens. Chronic alterations of the intestinal homeostasis predispose to inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, such as Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD). There is growing evidence that the frequency and severity of these diseases are increasing worldwide, which may be probably due to changes in environmental factors. Several stromal and immune cells are involved in this delicate equilibrium that dictates homeostasis. In this review we aimed to summarize the role of epithelial cells and fibroblasts in the induction of mucosal inflammation in the context of IBD. It has been extensively described that environmental factors are key players in this process, and the microbiome of the gastrointestinal tract is currently being intensively investigated due to its profound impact the immune response. Recent findings have demonstrated the interplay between dietary and environmental components, the gut microbiome, and immune cells. "Western" dietary patterns, such as high caloric diets, and pollution can induce alterations in the gut microbiome that in turn affect the intestinal and systemic homeostasis. Here we summarize current knowledge on the influence of dietary components and air particulate matters on gut microbiome composition, and the impact on stromal and immune cells, with a particular focus on promoting local inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Curciarello
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.,Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Karina Eva Canziani
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.,Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Horacio Docena
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.,Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Isabel Muglia
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.,Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
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70
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Qiao YQ, Cai CW, Shen J, Zheng Q, Ran ZH. Circular RNA expression alterations in colon tissues of Crohn's disease patients. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:4500-4506. [PMID: 30896837 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic factors are crucial in the development of Crohn's disease (CD). Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are known to function as microRNA (miRNA) sponges and regulate a number of signalling pathways via circRNA‑miRNA interactions. As competing endogenous RNAs, the functions of circRNAs in CD should be investigated. In the present study, colon biopsy tissues were collected from ileocolon (L3)‑active CD patients and healthy controls. circRNA microarrays were performed with colon tissues from 3 CD patients and 3 controls. Subsequently, the candidate circRNAs were verified via reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction using colon tissues from a further 10 CD patients and 10 controls. Targeted miRNAs, genes and pathways of candidate circRNAs were predicted and analysed. Arraystar circRNA microarrays demonstrated that there were 163 upregulated circRNAs targeting 435 miRNAs and 55 downregulated circRNAs targeting 207 miRNAs (fold‑change >2 and P<0.01) in CD patients. As a candidate circRNA, hsa‑circRNA‑102685 was observed to putatively target hsa‑miR‑146b‑5p, hsa‑miR‑182‑5p and hsa‑miR‑146a‑5p. Furthermore, Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis predicted that hsa‑circRNA‑102685 potentially participated in apoptosis, and in the Toll‑like receptor and p53 signalling pathways. Overall, the current study suggested that circRNA alterations serve an important role in the pathogenesis of CD. circRNAs, such as hsa‑circRNA‑102685, are involved in certain important signalling pathways of CD, and may be novel targets for diagnosis or treatment in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qi Qiao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Centre, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, P.R. China
| | - Chen Wen Cai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Centre, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, P.R. China
| | - Jun Shen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Centre, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zheng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Centre, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Hua Ran
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Centre, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, P.R. China
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71
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Wang Y, Wang W, Yang H, Shao D, Zhao X, Zhang G. Intraperitoneal injection of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), a lipid peroxidation product, exacerbates colonic inflammation through activation of Toll-like receptor 4 signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 131:237-242. [PMID: 30503401 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human and animal studies have shown that the colonic concentrations of lipid peroxidation products, such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), are elevated in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the actions and mechanisms of these compounds on the development of IBD are unknown. Here, we show that a systemic treatment of low-dose 4-HNE exacerbates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced IBD in C57BL/6 mice, suggesting its pro-IBD actions in vivo. Treatment with 4-HNE suppressed colonic expressions of tight-junction protein occludin, impaired intestinal barrier function, enhanced translocation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and bacterial products from the gut into systemic circulation, leading to increased activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling in vivo. Furthermore, 4-HNE failed to promote DSS-induced IBD in Tlr4-/- mice, supporting that TLR4 signaling contributes to the pro-IBD effects of 4-HNE. Together, these results suggest that 4-HNE exacerbates the progression of IBD through activation of TLR4 signaling, and therefore could contribute to the pathogenesis of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Wang
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Weicang Wang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Haixia Yang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Derek Shao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Xinfeng Zhao
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
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72
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Dunsmore G, Koleva P, Ghobakhloo N, Sutton R, Ambrosio L, Meng X, Hotte N, Nguyen V, Madsen KL, Dieleman LA, Huang V, Elahi S. Lower Abundance and Impaired Function of CD71+ Erythroid Cells in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients During Pregnancy. J Crohns Colitis 2019; 13:230-244. [PMID: 30272151 PMCID: PMC6357902 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjy147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS CD71+ erythroid cells are enriched during pregnancy with immuno suppressive properties. We investigated the frequency and functionality of CD71+ erythroid cells in peripheral blood, cord blood, and placenta of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] patients versus healthy controls [HCs]. We aimed to determine their role in IBD pathogenesis during pregnancy. METHODS Peripheral blood was collected at preconception, the first, second and third trimesters, and postpartum. Cord blood and placental tissues were collected at the time of birth. Cells from different specimens were subjected to immune-phenotyping and functional assays. CD71+ erythroid cells were purified for quantitative polymerase chain reaction [qPCR] analysis. Using an allogeneic mouse model of pregnancy, the effects of CD71+ erythroid cells depletion on intestinal homeostasis and dysbiosis was studied. RESULTS IBD patients had lower CD71+ erythroid cells during pregnancy compared with HCs. Placenta and cord blood CD71+ erythroid cells from IBD patients exhibited impaired functionality and expressed lower inhibitory molecules including VISTA, TGF-β, and reactive oxygen species [ROS]. Lower CD71+ erythroid cells were correlated with reduced regulatory T cells and increased immune-activation in IBD patients. Depletion of CD71+ erythroid cells in an allogeneic pregnancy model resulted in upregulation of TLRs, IL-6, and CXCL-1, and enhanced production of TNF-α, in intestinal tissues. In contrast, TGF-β gene expression was reduced. Excessive inflammatory response in the gut [e.g. TNF-α] affects intestinal integrity and CD71+ erythroid cells impact on the gut's bacterial composition. CONCLUSIONS Reduced frequency and/or impaired functionality of CD71+ erythroid cells during pregnancy may predispose IBD patients to a more pro-inflammatory milieu in their gastrointestinal tract, characterised by lower Tregs, higher IL-6, and TNF-α, and dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garett Dunsmore
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Petya Koleva
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Nafiseh Ghobakhloo
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Reed Sutton
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Lindsy Ambrosio
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Xuanyi Meng
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Naomi Hotte
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Vivian Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Karen L Madsen
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Levinus A Dieleman
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Vivian Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada,Division of Gastroenterology, University of Toronto, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shokrollah Elahi
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada,Corresponding author: Shokrollah Elahi, PhD, 7020L, Katz Group Centre for Pharmacology and Health Research, 11361-87th Ave NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G2E1, Canada. Tel.: 780-492-1336; fax: 780-492-7466;
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Liu Y, Zhao J, Zhao Y, Zong S, Tian Y, Chen S, Li M, Liu H, Zhang Q, Jing X, Sun B, Wang H, Sun T, Yang C. Therapeutic effects of lentinan on inflammatory bowel disease and colitis-associated cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:750-760. [PMID: 30472806 PMCID: PMC6349230 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of lentinan in mouse models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colitis-associated cancer (CAC). Lentinan decreased the disease activity index and macroscopic and microscopic colon tissue damage in dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced or TNBS-induced models of colitis. High-dose lentinan was more effective than salicylazosulfapyridine in the mouse models of colitis. Lentinan decreased the number of tumours, inflammatory cell infiltration, atypical hyperplasia and nuclear atypia in azoxymethane/DSS-induced CAC model. It also decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-13 and CD30L, in IBD and CAC model mice possibly by inhibiting Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-κB signalling and the expression of colon cancer markers, such as carcinoembryonic antigen, cytokeratin 8, CK18 and p53, in CAC model mice. In addition, lentinan restored the intestinal bacterial microbiotal community structure in IBD model mice. Thus, it shows therapeutic potential in IBD and CAC model mice possibly by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB signalling-mediated inflammatory responses and disruption of the intestinal microbiotal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug ResearchTianjin International Joint Academy of BiomedicineTianjinChina,Drug Safety Evaluation CenterTianjin International Joint Academy of BiomedicineTianjinChina
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- Department of PathologyHospital of Shun Yi DistrictBeijingChina
| | - Yali Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug ResearchTianjin International Joint Academy of BiomedicineTianjinChina,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of PharmacyNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Shumin Zong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug ResearchTianjin International Joint Academy of BiomedicineTianjinChina,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of PharmacyNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yixuan Tian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug ResearchTianjin International Joint Academy of BiomedicineTianjinChina,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of PharmacyNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Shuang Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug ResearchTianjin International Joint Academy of BiomedicineTianjinChina
| | - Meng Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug ResearchTianjin International Joint Academy of BiomedicineTianjinChina,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of PharmacyNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug ResearchTianjin International Joint Academy of BiomedicineTianjinChina
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug ResearchTianjin International Joint Academy of BiomedicineTianjinChina,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of PharmacyNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Xueshuang Jing
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug ResearchTianjin International Joint Academy of BiomedicineTianjinChina
| | - Bo Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug ResearchTianjin International Joint Academy of BiomedicineTianjinChina
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug ResearchTianjin International Joint Academy of BiomedicineTianjinChina,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of PharmacyNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Tao Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug ResearchTianjin International Joint Academy of BiomedicineTianjinChina,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of PharmacyNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Cheng Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug ResearchTianjin International Joint Academy of BiomedicineTianjinChina,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of PharmacyNankai UniversityTianjinChina
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Heidarian F, Alebouyeh M, Shahrokh S, Balaii H, Zali MR. Altered fecal bacterial composition correlates with disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease and the extent of IL8 induction. Curr Res Transl Med 2019; 67:41-50. [PMID: 30685379 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY In this study we investigated the presence and relative abundance of important genera of the gut microbiota in IBD patients and their role in induction of IL8 in a cell culture model. PATIENTS AND METHODS Stool samples of IBD patients and healthy controls were collected and relative diversity of thirteen bacterial families was measured using quantitative real-time PCR assay. Moreover, filtrate of the stool samples was used for treatment of HT-29 cell line to analyze involvement of diversity of the fecal bacterial communities in the extent of IL8 induction. RESULTS Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Prevotella spp., and Methanobrevibacterium were significantly less abundant in IBD patients (UC, N = 22; CD, N = 7) compared with control group (N = 29). Increase in relative amounts of Haemophilus, Streptococcus spp., and H. pylori were detected in IBD patients, which was not statistically significant. Relative decrease in amount of Bacteroides spp., Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and Prevotella spp. were found in UC patients with disease activity score greater than 4; however, higher levels of Streptococcus and Haemophilus were detected in the patients who were at flares. A relationship between the reduction of Haemophilus spp. and higher BMI was shown in IBD patients. Expression of IL8 was significantly higher in the treated cells by the fecal inoculates of IBD patients. Increase in relative amounts of Enterobacteriacea showed a correlation with the higher level of IL8 induction in both groups. CONCLUSIONS These results showed that changes in the fecal microbiota composition could affect disease activity, BMI, and IL8 induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Heidarian
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Alebouyeh
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shabnam Shahrokh
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hedieh Balaii
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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75
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Ma N, Ma X. Dietary Amino Acids and the Gut-Microbiome-Immune Axis: Physiological Metabolism and Therapeutic Prospects. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 18:221-242. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology; China Agricultural Univ.; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology; China Agricultural Univ.; Beijing 100193 China
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Shihezi Univ.; Xinjiang 832003 China
- Dept. of Internal Medicine; Dept. of Biochemistry; Univ. of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas TX 75390 USA
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76
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Pal S, Nath P, Das D, Hajra S, Maitra S. Cross-talk between insulin signalling and LPS responses in mouse macrophages. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 476:57-69. [PMID: 29715496 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The effect of insulin priming on Il-10 expression, regulation of inflammatory cytokines and participation of intra-cellular signalling events, primarily ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt, has been investigated in high glucose (HG) and/or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced murine macrophages. Our results demonstrate that congruent with sharp increase in ERK1/2 and CREB phosphorylation, insulin stimulation in vitro promotes significant increase in Il-10 expression in mouse peritoneal macrophage and RAW 264.7 cells, both positive for anti-IRβ. Pharmacological inhibition of MEK/MAPK, but not PI3K/Akt cascade, abrogates CREB phosphorylation and Il-10 synthesis indicating functional relevance of insulin action. Conversely, priming with PI3K inhibitor wortmannin prevents insulin attenuation of HG- and/or LPS-induced p38 MAPK and NF-κB activation, Tnf-α, Il-1β expression as well as NO production. Congruent with reduced Il-10 expression, MEK inhibition abrogates insulin action allowing significant increase in Tlr4 expression and LPS response indicating insulin-induced Il-10 might have pivotal influence in regulation of chronic as well as acute inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumojit Pal
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Poulomi Nath
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Debabrata Das
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sudip Hajra
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Sudipta Maitra
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India.
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77
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Dragasevic S, Stankovic B, Sokic-Milutinovic A, Milosavljevic T, Milovanovic T, Lukic S, Drazilov SS, Klaassen K, Kotur N, Pavlovic S, Popovic D. Importance of TLR9-IL23-IL17 axis in inflammatory bowel disease development: Gene expression profiling study. Clin Immunol 2018; 197:86-95. [PMID: 30193869 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Mucosal gene expression have not been fully enlightened in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Aim of this study was to define IL23A, IL17A, IL17F and TLR9 expression in different IBD phenotypes. METHODS Evaluation of mRNA levels was performed in paired non-inflamed and inflamed mucosal biopsies of newly diagnosed 50 Crohn's disease (CD) and 54 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. RESULTS IL17A and IL17F expression levels were significantly increased in inflamed IBD mucosa. Inflamed CD ileal and UC mucosa showed increased IL23A, while only inflamed CD ileal samples showed increased TLR9 mRNA level. Correlation between analysed mRNAs levels and endoscopic and clinical disease activity were found in UC, but only with clinical activity in CD. CONCLUSION Both CD and UC presented expression of Th17-associated genes. Nevertheless, expression profiles between different disease forms varies which should be taken into account for future research and therapeutics strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Dragasevic
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Koste Todorovica 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Stankovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Sokic-Milutinovic
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Koste Todorovica 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tomica Milosavljevic
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Koste Todorovica 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Milovanovic
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Koste Todorovica 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snezana Lukic
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Koste Todorovica 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Srzentic Drazilov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Kristel Klaassen
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Nikola Kotur
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Sonja Pavlovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Dragan Popovic
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Koste Todorovica 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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78
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Chen X, Sun W, Lin R, Huang Z, Chen W. IgG4+ plasma cell infiltration is correlated with the development of inflammatory bowel disease and can be regulated by TLR-4. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:4537-4544. [PMID: 31949851 PMCID: PMC6962960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin 4 (IgG4) is commonly considered a hallmark of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP). Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is believed to play a substantial role in the setting of AIP. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays an important role in inflammation. The relationship between IgG4 and TLR4 in the process of IBD is incompletely explored. Our study aimed to assess the expression of IgG4 and TLR4 in IBD patients and to find the role of IgG4 and TLR4 in the IBD process. A cohort of 68 IBD patients was enrolled in our study, and 20 healthy persons served as a control group. Intestinal IgG4 positive (IgG4+) plasma cell infiltration was measured by immunohistochemistry. Serum IgG4 and TLR4 levels were measured by ELISA. Fifteen additional features from the patients' general medical information and lab data were also collected to assess the risk factors of IBD activity by logistical analysis. BALB/c mice were used to build a rat IBD model with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). The TLR4 inhibitor TAK242 was used to regulate the expression of TLR4. The expression of IgG4 and TLR4 in serum was detected by ELISA. The expression of IgG4 and TLR4 in the intestines were assayed with western blot. Our results revealed that the infiltration of IgG4+ plasma cells was higher in IBD patients (14/68 vs 0/20, P<0.05). The incidence of IgG4+ plasma cells in the IBD group (48.5%) was higher than in the control group (33/68 vs 0/20, P<0.05). Serum IgG4 and TLR4 levels in the IBD group were significantly higher compared with the control group (P<0.05). Based on our logistical analysis, three variables: IgG4+ plasma cell infiltration, CRP, and HB were identified as independent risk factors with odds ratios of 10.917, 1.031, and 0.923, respectively (P<0.05). After the TLR4 was suppressed, the infiltration of IgG4+ plasma cells in the intestines decreased significantly, and expression of IgG4 in the serum and intestines was suppressed. This study demonstrated that intestinal IgG4+ plasma cell infiltration was higher in IBD patients than in the control group. IgG4+ cell infiltration is significantly enhanced in ulcerative colitis patients. IgG4+ plasma cell infiltration can be regulated by TLR4, and an increase of IgG4+ plasma cell infiltration, CRP, and anemia are correlated with an increased risk of active IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Wenwen Sun
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Risheng Lin
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Zhiming Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Weichang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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79
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Liu YW, Liong MT, Tsai YC. New perspectives of Lactobacillus plantarum as a probiotic: The gut-heart-brain axis. J Microbiol 2018; 56:601-613. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-018-8079-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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80
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Bahrami A, Parsamanesh N, Atkin SL, Banach M, Sahebkar A. Effect of statins on toll-like receptors: a new insight to pleiotropic effects. Pharmacol Res 2018; 135:230-238. [PMID: 30120976 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of transmembrane-spanning receptors that are sentinels of both innate and adaptive immunity. Statins (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors) are the most commonly prescribed therapeutic agents for treating hypercholesterolemia globally. However, statin therapy appears to have pleiotropic effects including attenuation of chronic low-grade inflammation and modulation of TLR activity. Statins through abolition of TLR4 expression and regulation of the TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB signaling pathway may slow the progression of atherosclerosis and other inflammatory diseases. In this review, we have focused on the impact and mechanism of action of statins on cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsane Bahrami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Negin Parsamanesh
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | | | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, Lodz, Poland; Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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81
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82
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Niess JH, Hruz P, Kaymak T. The Interleukin-20 Cytokines in Intestinal Diseases. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1373. [PMID: 29967613 PMCID: PMC6015891 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune/inflammatory intestinal diseases, such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, infectious gastrointestinal diseases, and gastrointestinal cancers, such as colorectal cancer, are worldwide a significant health problem. Intercellular communication and direct contact with the environment as the microbiota colonizes the gastrointestinal surface facilitates these diseases. Cytokines mediate the intercellular communication to maintain the equilibrium between host and environment and to regulate immune responses. One cytokine family that exchange information between immune cells and epithelial cells is the IL-20 cytokine family which includes the cytokines IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24, and IL-26. These cytokines share common receptor subunits and signaling pathways. IL-22 is the most intensively studied cytokine within this family in contexts of gastrointestinal disease, but the importance of other family members is more and more appreciated. In this review, the potential function of IL-20 cytokines concerning gastrointestinal conditions is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hendrik Niess
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Petr Hruz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tanay Kaymak
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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83
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Pang Z, Junkins RD, Raudonis R, MacNeil AJ, McCormick C, Cheng Z, Lin TJ. Regulator of calcineurin 1 differentially regulates TLR-dependent MyD88 and TRIF signaling pathways. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197491. [PMID: 29799862 PMCID: PMC5969770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize the conserved molecular patterns in microorganisms and trigger myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) and/or TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) pathways that are critical for host defense against microbial infection. However, the molecular mechanisms that govern TLR signaling remain incompletely understood. Regulator of calcineurin-1 (RCAN1), a small evolutionarily conserved protein that inhibits calcineurin phosphatase activity, suppresses inflammation during Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Here, we define the roles for RCAN1 in P. aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated TLR4 signaling. We compared the effects of P. aeruginosa LPS challenge on bone marrow-derived macrophages from both wild-type and RCAN1-deficient mice and found that RCAN1 deficiency increased the MyD88-NF-κB-mediated cytokine production (IL-6, TNF and MIP-2), whereas TRIF-interferon-stimulated response elements (ISRE)-mediated cytokine production (IFNβ, RANTES and IP-10) was suppressed. RCAN1 deficiency caused increased IκBα phosphorylation and NF-κB activity in the MyD88-dependent pathway, but impaired ISRE activation and reduced IRF7 expression in the TRIF-dependent pathway. Complementary studies of a mouse model of P. aeruginosa LPS-induced acute pneumonia confirmed that RCAN1-deficient mice displayed greatly enhanced NF-κB activity and MyD88-NF-κB-mediated cytokine production, which correlated with enhanced pulmonary infiltration of neutrophils. By contrast, RCAN1 deficiency had little effect on the TRIF pathway in vivo. These findings demonstrate a novel regulatory role of RCAN1 in TLR signaling, which differentially regulates MyD88 and TRIF pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Pang
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Robert D. Junkins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Renee Raudonis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Adam J. MacNeil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Craig McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Zhenyu Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Tong-Jun Lin
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- * E-mail:
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84
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Palamidi I, Mountzouris KC. Diet supplementation with an organic acids-based formulation affects gut microbiota and expression of gut barrier genes in broilers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 4:367-377. [PMID: 30564756 PMCID: PMC6284220 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to study the effect of diet supplementation with an organic acids-based formulation (OABF) on luminal- and mucosa-associated bacteria, concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA), microbial glycolytic enzyme activity and expression of mucin 2 (MUC2), immunoglobulin A (IgA) and tight junction protein, i.e., zonula occludens-1 (ZO1), zonula occludens-2 (ZO2), claudin-1 (CLDN1), claudin-5 (CLDN5) and occludin (OCLN), genes at the ileal and cecal level. A 2 × 2 factorial design was used having OABF inclusion and avilamycin as main factors. Subsequently, 544 day-old male Cobb broilers were allocated in the following 4 treatments, each with 8 replicates: no additions (CON), 1 g OABF/kg diet (OA), 2.5 mg avilamycin/kg diet (AV) and combination of OA and AV (OAAV). The trial lasted for 42 days. In the ileum, OAAV resulted in lower mucosa-associated total bacteria levels (PO × A = 0.028) compared with AV. In addition, ileal digesta levels of Clostridium perfringens subgroup were decreased by avilamycin (PA = 0.045). Inclusion of OABF stimulated the activity of microbial glycolytic enzymes, whereas avilamycin resulted in lower acetate (PA = 0.021) and higher butyrate (PA = 0.010) molar ratios. Expression of ZO1 and CLDN5 was down-regulated by both OABF (PO = 0.016 and PO = 0.003, respectively) and avilamycin (PA = 0.016 and PA = 0.001, respectively). In addition, CLDN1 was down-regulated in AV compared with CON (PO × A = 0.012). Furthermore, OABF down-regulated MUC2 (PO = 0.027), whereas avilamycin down-regulated nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 (NFKB1) (PA = 0.024), toll-like receptor 2 family member B (TLR2B) (PA = 0.011) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) (PA = 0.014) expression. In the ceca, OABF inclusion increased digesta levels of Clostridium coccoides (PO = 0.018) and Clostridium leptum (PO = 0.040) subgroups, while it up-regulated MUC2 expression (PO = 0.014). Avilamycin (PA = 0.044) and interaction (PO × A < 0.001) effects for IgA expression were noted, with CON having higher IgA expression compared with AV. In conclusion, new findings regarding OABF inclusion effects on an array of relevant biomarkers for broiler gut ecology have been reported and discussed in parallel with avilamycin effects used as a positive control. This new knowledge is expected to provide a response baseline for follow up trials under various stress and challenge conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irida Palamidi
- Department of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos C Mountzouris
- Department of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece
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85
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Sanidad KZ, Yang H, Wang W, Ozay EI, Yang J, Gu M, Karner E, Zhang J, Kim D, Minter LM, Xiao H, Zhang G. Effects of Consumer Antimicrobials Benzalkonium Chloride, Benzethonium Chloride, and Chloroxylenol on Colonic Inflammation and Colitis-Associated Colon Tumorigenesis in Mice. Toxicol Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Z Sanidad
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Haixia Yang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China 710061
| | - Weicang Wang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - E Ilker Ozay
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Min Gu
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Emmet Karner
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Jianan Zhang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Daeyoung Kim
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Lisa M Minter
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Hang Xiao
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
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86
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Moradi-Marjaneh R, Hassanian SM, Fiuji H, Soleimanpour S, Ferns GA, Avan A, Khazaei M. Toll like receptor signaling pathway as a potential therapeutic target in colorectal cancer. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:5613-5622. [PMID: 29150944 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Toll like receptor (TLR) signaling is involved in activating innate and adaptive immune responses and plays a critical role in inflammation-induced diseases such as colorectal cancer (CRC). Dysregulation of this signaling pathway can result in disturbance of epithelial layer hemostasis, chronic inflammatory, excessive repair responses, and development of CRC. There is now substantial evidence for the benefit of targeting of this pathway in cancer treatment, and several agents have been approved, such as BCG (Bacillus Calmette Guérin), MPL (monophosphoryl lipid A) and imiquimod. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the different functions of TLRs on tumor cells and their application in cancer therapy with particular emphasis on recent preclinical and clinical research in treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Moradi-Marjaneh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Microanatomy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Fiuji
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saman Soleimanpour
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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87
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Cosin-Roger J, Spalinger MR, Ruiz PA, Stanzel C, Terhalle A, Wolfram L, Melhem H, Atrott K, Lang S, Frey-Wagner I, Fried M, Scharl M, Hausmann M, Rogler G. Gp96 deficiency affects TLR4 functionality and impairs ERK and p38 phosphorylation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193003. [PMID: 29447283 PMCID: PMC5814018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gp96 is an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone for multiple protein substrates. Its lack in intestinal macrophages of Crohn’s disease (CD) patients is correlated with loss of tolerance against the host gut flora. Gp96 has been stablished to be an essential chaperone for Toll-like receptors (TLRs). We studied the impact of gp96-knockdown on TLR-function in macrophages. TLR2 and TLR4 expression was only decreased but not abolished when gp96 was knocked-down in cell lines, whereas in a monocyte/macrophage specific knock-out mouse model (LysMCre) TLR4 was abolished, while TLR2 was still present. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NF-κB activation was still observed in the absence of gp96, and gp96-deficient macrophages were able to up-regulate surface TLR4 upon LPS treatment, suggesting that there is another chaperone involved in the folding of TLR4 upon stress responses. Moreover, LPS-dependent pro-inflammatory cytokines were still expressed, although to a lesser extent in the absence of gp96, which reinforces the fact that gp96 is involved in regulating signaling cascades downstream of TLR4 are impaired upon loss of gp96. In addition, we have also found a reduced phosphorylation of ERK and p38 kinases and an impaired response upon CSF1R activation in gp96 deficient macrophages. Our findings indicate that the loss of gp96 not only impairs TLR4 signaling, but is also associated with a diminished phosphorylation of ERK and mitogen-activated stress kinases resulting in an impaired signalling through several receptors, including CSF1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Cosin-Roger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marianne R. Spalinger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pedro A. Ruiz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Stanzel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anne Terhalle
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lutz Wolfram
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hassan Melhem
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kirstin Atrott
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Lang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Frey-Wagner
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Fried
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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88
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Toll-Like Receptors: Regulators of the Immune Response in the Human Gut. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10020203. [PMID: 29438282 PMCID: PMC5852779 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are powerful molecular regulators by which the immune system may "sense" the environment and protect the host from pathogens or endogenous threats. In mammalian cells, several TLRs were identified with a tissue and cell type-specific distribution. Understanding the functions of specific TLRs is crucial for the development and discovery of compounds useful to maintaining or re-establishing homeostasis in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Due to their relevance in regulating the inflammatory response in the GIT, we will focus here on TLR2, TLR4, and TLR5. In particular, we describe (a) the molecular pathways activated by the stimulation of these receptors with their known bacterial ligands; (b) the non-bacterial ligands known to interact directly with TLR2 and TLR4 and their soluble forms. The scope of this minireview is to highlight the importance of bacterial and non-bacterial compounds in affecting the gut immune functions via the activation of the TLRs.
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89
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Liberti A, Zucchetti I, Melillo D, Skapura D, Shibata Y, De Santis R, Pinto MR, Litman GW, Dishaw LJ. Chitin protects the gut epithelial barrier in a protochordate model of DSS-induced colitis. Biol Open 2018; 7:bio.029355. [PMID: 29222175 PMCID: PMC5827265 DOI: 10.1242/bio.029355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract of Ciona intestinalis, a solitary tunicate that siphon-filters water, shares similarities with its mammalian counterpart. The Ciona gut exhibits other features that are unique to protochordates, including certain immune molecules, and other characteristics, e.g. chitin-rich mucus, which appears to be more widespread than considered previously. Exposure of Ciona to dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) induces a colitis-like phenotype similar to that seen in other systems, and is characterized by alteration of epithelial morphology and infiltration of blood cells into lamina propria-like regions. DSS treatment also influences the production and localization of a secreted immune molecule shown previously to co-localize to chitin-rich mucus in the gut. Resistance to DSS is enhanced by exposure to exogenous chitin microparticles, suggesting that endogenous chitin is critical to barrier integrity. Protochordates, such as Ciona, retain basic characteristics found in other more advanced chordates and can inform us of uniquely conserved signals shaping host-microbiota interactions in the absence of adaptive immunity. These simpler model systems may also reveal factors and processes that modulate recovery from colitis, the role gut microbiota play in the onset of the disease, and the rules that help govern the reestablishment and maintenance of gut homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assunta Liberti
- Department of Animal Physiology and Evolution, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli 80121, Italy .,University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Tampa, FL 33606, USA
| | - Ivana Zucchetti
- Department of Animal Physiology and Evolution, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli 80121, Italy
| | - Daniela Melillo
- Department of Animal Physiology and Evolution, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli 80121, Italy.,Institute of Protein Biochemistry (IBP), National Research Council (CNR), Napoli 80131, Italy
| | - Diana Skapura
- Molecular Genetics, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, Saint Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Yoshimi Shibata
- Biomedical Science Department, Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Rosaria De Santis
- Department of Animal Physiology and Evolution, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli 80121, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Pinto
- Department of Animal Physiology and Evolution, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli 80121, Italy
| | - Gary W Litman
- University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Tampa, FL 33606, USA
| | - Larry J Dishaw
- University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Tampa, FL 33606, USA
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90
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Intestinal alkaline phosphatase ameliorates experimental colitis via toll-like receptor 4-dependent pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 820:156-166. [PMID: 29247612 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) is an intestinal brush border enzyme which plays an important role in gut homeostasis and mucosal inflammation. However, the mechanism of the protective effect of IAP is not fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the protective effect of IAP on colitis is mediated via the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. For in vitro analysis, peritoneal macrophages from the wild-type (WT) and TLR4-deficient (TLR4-/-) C57BL/6 mice were used. IAP strongly inhibited the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by suppressing the LPS-induced phosphorylation of IκBα and the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB in WT macrophages; however, the inhibitory effects mediated by IAP were reduced in the TLR4-/- macrophages. For in vivo analysis, the protective mechanisms of IAP on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis were evaluated using WT and TLR4-/- mice. Although oral administration of IAP significantly attenuated the severity of colitis in both preventive and therapeutic models of WT mice, these protective effects were not significant in TLR4-/- mice. When immunohistochemical analysis of IκBα was performed in the colitic tissues, the inhibitory effects of IAP on IκBα phosphorylation were also observed in the colon of WT mice, but these effects decreased in the colon of TLR4-/- mice. In conclusion, the protective effects of IAP on colitis were mediated via the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. These results of this study shall be helpful in tailoring treatment against colitis using IAP.
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91
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The Imbalance between n-6/n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Comprehensive Review and Future Therapeutic Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122619. [PMID: 29206211 PMCID: PMC5751222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Eating habits have changed dramatically over the years, leading to an imbalance in the ratio of n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in favour of n-6 PUFAs, particularly in the Western diet. Meanwhile, the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing worldwide. Recent epidemiological data indicate the potential beneficial effect of n-3 PUFAs in ulcerative colitis (UC) prevention, whereas consumption of a higher ratio of n-6 PUFAs versus n-3 PUFAs has been associated with an increased UC incidence. The long-chain dietary n-3 PUFAs are the major components of n-3 fish oil and have been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties in several chronic inflammatory disorders, being involved in the regulation of immunological and inflammatory responses. Despite experimental evidence implying biological plausibility, clinical data are still controversial, especially in Crohn’s disease. Clinical trials of fish-oil derivatives in IBD have produced mixed results, showing beneficial effects, but failing to demonstrate a clear protective effect in preventing clinical relapse. Such data are insufficient to make a recommendation for the use of n-3 PUFAs in clinical practice. Here, we present the findings of a comprehensive literature search on the role of n-3 PUFAs in IBD development and treatment, and highlight new therapeutic perspectives.
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92
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Harkey MA, Villagran AM, Venkataraman GM, Leisenring WM, Hullar MAJ, Torok-Storb BJ. Associations between gastric dilatation-volvulus in Great Danes and specific alleles of the canine immune-system genes DLA88, DRB1, and TLR5. Am J Vet Res 2017; 78:934-945. [PMID: 28738011 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.78.8.934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether specific alleles of candidate genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and innate immune system were associated with gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) in Great Danes. ANIMALS 42 healthy Great Danes (control group) and 39 Great Danes with ≥ 1 GDV episode. PROCEDURES Variable regions of the 2 most polymorphic MHC genes (DLA88 and DRB1) were amplified and sequenced from the dogs in each group. Similarly, regions of 3 genes associated with the innate immune system (TLR5, NOD2, and ATG16L1), which have been linked to inflammatory bowel disease, were amplified and sequenced. Alleles were evaluated for associations with GDV, controlling for age and dog family. RESULTS Specific alleles of genes DLA88, DRB1, and TLR5 were significantly associated with GDV. One allele of each gene had an OR > 2 in the unadjusted univariate analyses and retained a hazard ratio > 2 after controlling for temperament, age, and familial association in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The 3 GDV-associated alleles identified in this study may serve as diagnostic markers for identification of Great Danes at risk for GDV. Additional research is needed to determine whether other dog breeds have the same genetic associations. These findings also provided a new target for research into the etiology of, and potential treatments for, GDV in dogs.
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93
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Kordjazy N, Haj-Mirzaian A, Haj-Mirzaian A, Rohani MM, Gelfand EW, Rezaei N, Abdolghaffari AH. Role of toll-like receptors in inflammatory bowel disease. Pharmacol Res 2017; 129:204-215. [PMID: 29155256 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is the chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Recently, studies of the interplay between the adaptive and innate immune responses have provided a better understanding of the immunopathogenesis of inflammatory disorders such as IBD, as well as identification of novel targets for more potent interventions. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins that play a significant role in the innate immune system and are involved in inflammatory processes. Activation of TLR signal transduction pathways lead to the induction of numerous genes that function in host defense, including those for inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and antigen presenting molecules. It was proposed that TLR mutations and dysregulation are major contributing factors to the predisposition and susceptibility to IBD. Thus, modulating TLRs represent an innovative immunotherapeutic approach in IBD therapy. This article outlines the role of TLRs in IBD, focusing on both animal and human studies; the role of TLR-targeted agonists or antagonists as potential therapeutic agents in the different stages of the disease is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Kordjazy
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arvin Haj-Mirzaian
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Shahid Beheshti Universtity of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arya Haj-Mirzaian
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mojtaba Rohani
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Erwin W Gelfand
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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94
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Dąbrowski M, Jakimiuk E, Gajęcka M, Gajęcki MT, Zielonka Ł. Effect of deoxynivalenol on the levels of toll-like receptors 2 and 9 and their mRNA expression in enterocytes in the porcine large intestine: a preliminary study. Pol J Vet Sci 2017; 20:213-220. [PMID: 28865221 DOI: 10.1515/pjvs-2017-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON), one of the most prevalent mycotoxins in the world, and is capable of inducing immune disorders in humans and animals. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of feed contaminated with DON on the number of TLR2- and TLR9-positive cells and their mRNA expression in the porcine large intestine. The experiment was conducted on two equal groups of pigs (n=4). The experimental group (E) was administered feed contaminated with DON (1008 μg/kg of feed) for 6 weeks, and the control group (C) was administered non-contaminated feed over the same period of time. A decrease in the expression of TLR2 mRNA was noted in the cecum. The percentage of TLR9-positive enterocytes increased in the ascending colon and decreased in the cecum. The results of this study indicate that DON can modify the local immune response by changing the expression of TLRs.
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95
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Chen L, Zhou Z, Yang Y, Chen N, Xiang H. Therapeutic effect of imiquimod on dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186138. [PMID: 29049372 PMCID: PMC5648150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imiquimod is a Toll-like receptor-7 agonist that regulates immunity and can be used as an immune adjuvant. Ulcerative colitis has a close correlation with immune disorder. AIM To investigate the therapeutic effect of imiquimod on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS C57BL/6J C57 mice received 3% DSS for 7 days to induce ulcerative colitis. Groups of mice were intraperitoneally injected with dexamethasone (DXM, 1.5 mg/kg) or imiquimod (IMQ, 30 mg/kg) at the same time daily. During the experimental period, clinical signs, body weight, stool consistency and visible fecal blood were monitored and recorded daily; colitis was evaluated by disease activity index (DAI) score and by histological score. At the conclusion of the experiment, the level of colonic myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and the serum levels of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) were measured. RESULTS Administration of 3% DSS for 7 days successfully induced acute colitis associated with diarrhea, bloody mucopurulent stool, body weight decreases, and other changes. Colitis severity was significantly ameliorated in the IMQ treatment groups, as determined by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and histopathological scores. Moreover, IMQ significantly reduced the activity of MPO in colonic tissue and the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, increased colon length and spleen weight, and effectively inhibited microscopic damage to the colon tissue. CONCLUSION IMQ had beneficial effects on DSS-induced ulcerative colitis, supporting its further development and clinical application in ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, RenMin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongyin Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, RenMin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, RenMin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Na Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, RenMin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyu Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, RenMin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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96
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Magalhães D, Soares-da-Silva P, Magro F. The effect of PRR ligands on the membrane potential of intestinal epithelial cells. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 69:978-984. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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97
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Dong C, Gao N, Ross BX, Yu FSX. ISG15 in Host Defense Against Candida albicans Infection in a Mouse Model of Fungal Keratitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:2948-2958. [PMID: 28599020 PMCID: PMC5469425 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-21476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose ISG15, a di-ubiquitin-like protein, is critical for controlling certain viral and bacterial infections. We sought to determine if ISG15 plays a role in corneal innate immunity against Candida albicans (C. albicans) using a C57BL/6 (B6) mouse model of human fungal keratitis. Methods Scarified corneas of adult B6 mice were pretreated with TLR5 ligand flagellin and then inoculated with C. albicans. The expression of ISG15 and other genes involved in ISG15 conjugation (ISGylation) was determined by real-time PCR. ISG15 expression and distribution in infected corneas were assessed by immunohistochemistry. ISGylation was examined by Western blotting. siRNA knockdown and recombinant ISG15 were used to elucidate the effects of ISG15 on controlling fungal keratitis by clinical scoring, fungal number plate counting, ELISA cytokine determination, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) infiltration measurement. Results Heat-killed C. albicans induced expression of ISG15, and hBD2 was markedly enhanced by flagellin-pretreatment in cultured human primary corneal epithelial cells (CECs). In vivo, C. albicans infection induced the expression of ISG15, ISGylation-associated genes (UBE1L, UBCH8, and HERC5), and ISGylation in mouse CECs, all of which were enhanced by flagellin-pretreatment. siRNA knockdown of ISG15 increased keratitis severity, dampened flagellin-induced protection, and greatly suppressed the expressions of ISGylation enzymes, IFN-γ, but not CXCL2 in B6 mouse CECs. Recombinant ISG15, on the other hand, enhanced corneal innate immunity against C. albicans and suppressed infection-induced IL-1β, but not IL-Ra expression. ISG15 alone induced the expression of IL-1Ra, CXCL10, and CRAMP in mouse CECs. ISG15 was upregulated and secreted in cultured human CECs in response to challenge in a type 1 IFN-dependent manner. Conclusions Our data, for the first time, demonstrate that ISG15 acts as an immunomodulator in the cornea and plays a critical role in controlling fungal keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Dong
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States 2College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Nan Gao
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Bing X Ross
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Fu-Shin X Yu
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States
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98
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Yang X, Gao XC, Liu J, Ren HY. Effect of EPEC endotoxin and bifidobacteria on intestinal barrier function through modulation of toll-like receptor 2 and toll-like receptor 4 expression in intestinal epithelial cell-18. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:4744-4751. [PMID: 28765695 PMCID: PMC5514639 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i26.4744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 expression, following bifidobacteria and low-dose EPEC endotoxin treatment, and intestinal barrier function in rat intestinal epithelial cell18 (IEC18).
METHODS Six experimental groups were established - normal control, EPEC, Bifidobacteria infantis (B. infantis), B. longum, B. bifidum, and B. youth groups. Optimal EPEC endotoxin concentration, bifidobacteria fold dilution, and treatment duration were determined. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot, respectively, were conducted to detect TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA and protein expression in IEC-18 cells. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was measured by the EVOM chopstick voltohmmeter in each group. All experiments were conducted in triplicate and data were analyzed on SPSS 16.
RESULTS TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA and protein expression in the EPEC group were significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.05). TLR2 mRNA and protein expression in the B. infantis, B. longum and B. youth groups were significantly lower than in the normal control group (P < 0.05). TLR4 mRNA and protein expression in the B. bifidum and B. youth groups were significantly lower than in normal controls (P < 0.05). In addition, the TEER in B. infantis, B. longum, B. bifidum, and B. youth groups were decreased by 19%, 18%, 23% and 23%, respectively, after 120 min of intervention, as compared to the control group. However, the TEER in the EPEC group was significantly decreased by 67% in comparison to the normal control group (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION Bifidobacteria protect IEC-18 cells against injury by down-regulating TLR2 and TLR4 expression and enhance intestinal barrier function to protect the intestinal epithelial cells from pathogenic invasion.
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Caputi V, Marsilio I, Cerantola S, Roozfarakh M, Lante I, Galuppini F, Rugge M, Napoli E, Giulivi C, Orso G, Giron MC. Toll-Like Receptor 4 Modulates Small Intestine Neuromuscular Function through Nitrergic and Purinergic Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2017. [PMID: 28642706 PMCID: PMC5463746 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a pivotal role in the homeostatic microflora-host crosstalk. TLR4-mediated modulation of both motility and enteric neuronal survival has been reported mainly for colon with limited information on the role of TLR4 in tuning structural and functional integrity of enteric nervous system (ENS) and in controlling small bowel motility. Methods: Male TLR4 knockout (TLR4-/-, 9 ± 1 weeks old) and sex- and age-matched wild-type (WT) C57BL/6J mice were used for the experiments. Alterations in ENS morphology and neurochemical code were assessed by immunohistochemistry whereas neuromuscular function was evaluated by isometric mechanical activity of ileal preparations following receptor and non-receptor-mediated stimuli and by gastrointestinal transit. Results: The absence of TLR4 induced gliosis and reduced the total number of neurons, mainly nNOS+ neurons, in ileal myenteric plexus. Furthermore, a lower cholinergic excitatory response with an increased inhibitory neurotransmission was found together with a delayed gastrointestinal transit. These changes were dependent on increased ileal non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) relaxations mediated by a complex neuronal-glia signaling constituted by P2X7 and P2Y1 receptors, and NO produced by nNOS and iNOS. Conclusion: We provide novel evidence that TLR4 signaling is involved in the fine-tuning of P2 receptors controlling ileal contractility, ENS cell distribution, and inhibitory NANC neurotransmission via the combined action of NO and adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP). For the first time, this study implicates TLR4 at regulating the crosstalk between glia and neurons in small intestine and helps to define its role in gastrointestinal motor abnormalities during dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Caputi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of PadovaPadova, Italy
| | - Ilaria Marsilio
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of PadovaPadova, Italy
| | - Silvia Cerantola
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of PadovaPadova, Italy.,San Camillo HospitalTreviso, Italy
| | - Mona Roozfarakh
- Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent and Greenwich at MedwayKent, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Massimo Rugge
- Department of Medicine, University of PadovaPadova, Italy
| | - Eleonora Napoli
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, DavisCA, United States
| | - Cecilia Giulivi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, DavisCA, United States.,Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Institute (M.I.N.D.), University of California, Davis, SacramentoCA, United States
| | - Genny Orso
- IRCCS "E. Medea" Bosisio PariniLecco, Italy
| | - Maria Cecilia Giron
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of PadovaPadova, Italy
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Hyun H, Hashimoto-Hill S, Kim M, Tsifansky MD, Kim CH, Yeo Y. Succinylated chitosan derivative has local protective effects on intestinal inflammation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:1853-1860. [PMID: 29450257 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported on the anti-inflammatory effects of a water-soluble chitosan derivative, zwitterionic chitosan (ZWC). In the present study, we hypothesized that orally-administered ZWC would provide local anti-inflammatory effects in the intestinal lumen. ZWC indeed showed anti-inflammatory effects in various in-vitro models including peritoneal macrophages, engineered THP1 monocytes, and Caco-2 cells. In Caco-2 cells, ZWC applied before the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge was more effective than when it was applied after it in preventing LPS-induced cell damage. When administered to mice via drinking water as a prophylactic measure, ZWC protected the animals from 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis, helping them to recover the body weight, restore the gross and histological appearance of the colon, and generate FoxP3+ T cells. In contrast, orally-administered ZWC did not protect the animals from LPS-induced systemic inflammation. These results indicate that orally-administered ZWC reaches the colon with minimal absorption through the upper gastrointestinal tract and provides a local anti-inflammatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyesun Hyun
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Seika Hashimoto-Hill
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Myunghoo Kim
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Michael D Tsifansky
- Department of Pediatrics and the Congenital Heart Center, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Chang H Kim
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yoon Yeo
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 South Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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