51
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Denstaedt SJ, Bustamante AC, Newstead MW, Moore BB, Standiford TJ, Zemans RL, Singer BH. Long-term survivors of murine sepsis are predisposed to enhanced LPS-induced lung injury and proinflammatory immune reprogramming. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L451-L465. [PMID: 34161747 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00123.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions of people who survive sepsis each year are rehospitalized and die due to late pulmonary complications. To prevent and treat these complications, biomarkers and molecular mediators must be identified. Persistent immune reprogramming in the form of immunoparalysis and impaired host defense is proposed to mediate late pulmonary complications after sepsis, particularly new pulmonary infections. However, immune reprogramming may also involve enhanced/primed responses to secondary stimuli, although their contribution to long-term sepsis complications remains understudied. We hypothesize that enhanced/primed immune responses in the lungs of sepsis survivors are associated with late pulmonary complications. To this end, we developed a murine sepsis model using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) followed 3 wk later by administration of intranasal lipopolysaccharide to induce inflammatory lung injury. Mice surviving sepsis exhibit enhanced lung injury with increased alveolar permeability, neutrophil recruitment, and enhanced Ly6Chi monocyte Tnf expression. To determine the mediators of enhanced lung injury, we performed flow cytometry and RNA sequencing of lungs 3 wk after CLP, prior to lipopolysaccharide. Sepsis survivor mice showed expanded Ly6Chi monocytes populations and increased expression of many inflammatory genes. Of these, S100A8/A9 was also elevated in the circulation of human sepsis survivors for months after sepsis, validating our model and identifying S100A8/A9 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for long-term pulmonary complications after sepsis. These data provide new insight into the importance of enhanced/primed immune responses in survivors of sepsis and establish a foundation for additional investigation into the mechanisms mediating this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J Denstaedt
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Angela C Bustamante
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Michael W Newstead
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Bethany B Moore
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Theodore J Standiford
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Rachel L Zemans
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Benjamin H Singer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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52
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Persistent Neuroinflammation and Brain-Specific Immune Priming in a Novel Survival Model of Murine Pneumosepsis. Shock 2021; 54:78-86. [PMID: 31415473 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pneumonia is the leading cause of sepsis and septic shock. Patients who survive pneumonia are vulnerable to long-term complications including increased risk of neurocognitive dysfunction. This study investigated the immune response and long-term complications of a non-surgical mouse model of Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumosepsis with antibiotic treatment. Pneumosepsis resulted in acutely enhanced expression of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and damage-associated molecular patterns in the brain and spleen. Despite resolution of infection, murine pneumosepsis survivors demonstrated a deficit in exploratory locomotor behavior at 2 weeks. This was associated with brain-specific persistent inflammatory gene expression and infiltrating myeloid cells in the brain. The brain inflammatory response was also primed in response to secondary challenge with lipopolysaccharide. The findings of this study demonstrate behavioral and inflammatory outcomes that parallel observations in other models of sepsis, but that have not previously been described in antibiotic-treated pneumonia models, highlighting a common pathway to the development of chronic brain dysfunction in sepsis survival.
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53
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Orekhov AN, Gerasimova EV, Sukhorukov VN, Poznyak AV, Nikiforov NG. Do Mitochondrial DNA Mutations Play a Key Role in the Chronification of Sterile Inflammation? Special Focus on Atherosclerosis. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:276-292. [PMID: 33045961 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201012164330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the elucidation of mechanisms implicated in the chronification of inflammation is to shed light on the pathogenesis of disorders that are responsible for the majority of the incidences of diseases and deaths, and also causes of ageing. Atherosclerosis is an example of the most significant inflammatory pathology. The inflammatory response of innate immunity is implicated in the development of atherosclerosis arising locally or focally. Modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was regarded as the trigger for this response. No atherosclerotic changes in the arterial wall occur due to the quick decrease in inflammation rate. Nonetheless, the atherosclerotic lesion formation can be a result of the chronification of local inflammation, which, in turn, is caused by alteration of the response of innate immunity. OBJECTIVE In this review, we discussed potential mechanisms of the altered response of the immunity in atherosclerosis with a particular emphasis on mitochondrial dysfunctions. CONCLUSION A few mitochondrial dysfunctions can be caused by the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. Moreover, mtDNA mutations were found to affect the development of defective mitophagy. Modern investigations have demonstrated the controlling mitophagy function in response to the immune system. Therefore, we hypothesized that impaired mitophagy, as a consequence of mutations in mtDNA, can raise a disturbed innate immunity response, resulting in the chronification of inflammation in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Orekhov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elena V Gerasimova
- V. A. Nasonova Institute of Rheumatology, 115522 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | | | - Nikita G Nikiforov
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russian Federation
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54
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Dong Y, Wan Z, Gao X, Yang G, Liu L. Reprogramming Immune Cells for Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy: Targets and Strategies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:609762. [PMID: 33968014 PMCID: PMC8097044 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.609762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death and a major public health problem all over the world. Immunotherapy is becoming a revolutionary clinical management for various cancer types. Restoration of aberrant immune surveillance on cancers has achieved markable progress in the past years by either in vivo or ex vivo engineering of the immune cells. Here, we summarized the central roles of immune cells in tumor progression and regression, and the existing and emerging strategies for different immune cell-based immunotherapies. In addition, the current challenges and the potential solutions in translating the immunotherapies into the clinic are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Dong
- Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhuo Wan
- Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaotong Gao
- Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guodong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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55
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Jiang H, Lv J. MicroRNA-301a-3p increases oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in ox-LDL-induced HUVECs by targeting KLF7. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:569. [PMID: 33850541 PMCID: PMC8027757 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease is an inflammatory disease of ischemia or endothelial dysfunction caused by atherosclerosis, thereby causing high mortality. The viability and apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) following oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) induction or transfection was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry analysis. MicroRNA (miR)-301a-3p and Krueppel-like factor 7 (KLF7) mRNA expression was determined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and IL-6, activities of reactive oxygen species and superoxide dismutase and lactate dehydrogenase leakage were analyzed by respective commercial assay kits. The protein expression of IL-6, MCP-1, Bcl2, Bax, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), cleaved PARP, pro-caspase3 and cleaved caspase-3 was detected by western blotting. miR-301a-3p expression is highly expressed in ox-LDL-induced HUVECs. miR-301a-3p is also a target of KLF7. Inhibition of miR-301a-3p suppressed oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in ox-LDL-induced HUVECs, which was reversed by KLF7 inhibition. In conclusion, miR-301a-3p promotes oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in ox-LDL-induced HUVECs via decreasing KLF7 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiong Jiang
- Cardiac Function Examination Room, Quanzhou First Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Jiaren Lv
- Cardiac Function Examination Room, Quanzhou First Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
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56
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Nahrendorf W, Ivens A, Spence PJ. Inducible mechanisms of disease tolerance provide an alternative strategy of acquired immunity to malaria. eLife 2021; 10:e63838. [PMID: 33752799 PMCID: PMC7987336 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunity to malaria is often considered slow to develop but this only applies to defense mechanisms that function to eliminate parasites (resistance). In contrast, immunity to severe disease can be acquired quickly and without the need for improved pathogen control (tolerance). Using Plasmodium chabaudi, we show that a single malaria episode is sufficient to induce host adaptations that can minimise inflammation, prevent tissue damage and avert endothelium activation, a hallmark of severe disease. Importantly, monocytes are functionally reprogrammed to prevent their differentiation into inflammatory macrophages and instead promote mechanisms of stress tolerance to protect their niche. This alternative fate is not underpinned by epigenetic reprogramming of bone marrow progenitors but appears to be imprinted within the remodelled spleen. Crucially, all of these adaptations operate independently of pathogen load and limit the damage caused by malaria parasites in subsequent infections. Acquired immunity to malaria therefore prioritises host fitness over pathogen clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Nahrendorf
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Alasdair Ivens
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Philip J Spence
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
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57
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Briceno Noriega D, Savelkoul HFJ. Vitamin D and Allergy Susceptibility during Gestation and Early Life. Nutrients 2021; 13:1015. [PMID: 33801051 PMCID: PMC8003945 DOI: 10.3390/nu13031015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, the prevalence of allergies in young children, but also vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy and in newborns is rising. Vitamin D modulates the development and activity of the immune system and a low vitamin D status during pregnancy and in early life might be associated with an increased risk to develop an allergy during early childhood. This review studies the effects of vitamin D during gestation and early life, on allergy susceptibility in infants. The bioactive form of vitamin D, 1,25(OH)2D, inhibits maturation and results in immature dendritic cells that cause a decreased differentiation of naive T cells into effector T cells. Nevertheless, the development of regulatory T cells and the production of interleukin-10 was increased. Consequently, a more tolerogenic immune response developed against antigens. Secondly, binding of 1,25(OH)2D to epithelial cells induces the expression of tight junction proteins resulting in enhanced epithelial barrier function. Thirdly, 1,25(OH)2D increased the expression of anti-microbial peptides by epithelial cells that also promoted the defense mechanism against pathogens, by preventing an invasive penetration of pathogens. Immune intervention by vitamin D supplementation can mitigate the disease burden from asthma and allergy. In conclusion, our review indicates that a sufficient vitamin D status during gestation and early life can lower the susceptibility to develop an allergy in infants although there remains a need for more causal evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huub F. J. Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands;
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58
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Cognigni V, Ranallo N, Tronconi F, Morgese F, Berardi R. Potential benefit of β-glucans as adjuvant therapy in immuno-oncology: a review. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2021; 2:122-138. [PMID: 36046144 PMCID: PMC9400766 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2021.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal compounds have long been used for centuries as food supplements. β-glucans have been identified as the most interesting molecules with beneficial effects in several chronic diseases. In vitro studies have shown that they are able to elicit the immune cells maturation and activation with the result of an increased release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and a stimulation of anti-bacterial activity of macrophages and neutrophils. As β-glucans enhance pathogen elimination through non-self antigens identification, they can also direct immune response against tumor cells. These compounds also stimulate the activity on adaptive immune cells and they have been regarded as biological response modifiers. In this way, β-glucans can be exploited as adjuvant cancer therapy, in particular by a synergic action with chemotherapy or immunotherapy. In the immuno-oncology era, the need is to identify innovative drugs that can simultaneously target and inhibit different biological processes relevant for cancer cells survivors. Recent clinical studies showed promising results about the combination of β-glucans and immune checkpoint inhibitors for patients affected by different solid tumors. This review aims to investigate molecular mechanisms of action of β-glucans and is focused on their application in clinical practice as immune-adjuvants for treatment of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Cognigni
- Clinical Oncology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Ranallo
- Clinical Oncology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Tronconi
- Clinical Oncology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Morgese
- Clinical Oncology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Rossana Berardi
- Clinical Oncology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, 60126 Ancona, Italy
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59
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Owen AM, Fults JB, Patil NK, Hernandez A, Bohannon JK. TLR Agonists as Mediators of Trained Immunity: Mechanistic Insight and Immunotherapeutic Potential to Combat Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 11:622614. [PMID: 33679711 PMCID: PMC7930332 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.622614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in critical care medicine, infection remains a significant problem that continues to be complicated with the challenge of antibiotic resistance. Immunocompromised patients are highly susceptible to development of severe infection which often progresses to the life-threatening condition of sepsis. Thus, immunotherapies aimed at boosting host immune defenses are highly attractive strategies to ward off infection and protect patients. Recently there has been mounting evidence that activation of the innate immune system can confer long-term functional reprogramming whereby innate leukocytes mount more robust responses upon secondary exposure to a pathogen for more efficient clearance and host protection, termed trained immunity. Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists are a class of agents which have been shown to trigger the phenomenon of trained immunity through metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic modifications which drive profound augmentation of antimicrobial functions. Immunomodulatory TLR agonists are also highly beneficial as vaccine adjuvants. This review provides an overview on TLR signaling and our current understanding of TLR agonists which show promise as immunotherapeutic agents for combating infection. A brief discussion on our current understanding of underlying mechanisms is also provided. Although an evolving field, TLR agonists hold strong therapeutic potential as immunomodulators and merit further investigation for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Owen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jessica B Fults
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Naeem K Patil
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Antonio Hernandez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Julia K Bohannon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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60
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Gritte RB, Souza-Siqueira T, Curi R, Machado MCC, Soriano FG. Why Septic Patients Remain Sick After Hospital Discharge? Front Immunol 2021; 11:605666. [PMID: 33658992 PMCID: PMC7917203 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.605666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is well known to cause a high patient death rate (up to 50%) during the intensive care unit (ICU) stay. In addition, sepsis survival patients also exhibit a very high death rate after hospital discharge compared to patients with any other disease. The addressed question is then: why septic patients remain ill after hospital discharge? The cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the high rate of septic patient deaths are still unknown. We described herein the studies that investigated the percentage of septic patients that died after hospital discharge ranging from 90 days up to 5 years. We also reported the symptoms of septic patients after hospital discharge and the development of the recently called post-sepsis syndrome (PSS). The most common symptoms of the PSS are cognitive disabilities, physical functioning decline, difficulties in performing routine daily activities, and poor life quality. The PSS also associates with quite often reinfection and re-hospitalization. This condition is the cause of the high rate of death mentioned above. We reported the proportion of patients dying after hospital discharge up to 5 years of followed up and the PSS symptoms associated. The authors also discuss the possible cellular and metabolic reprogramming mechanisms related with the low survival of septic patients and the occurrence of PSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Bragante Gritte
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Talita Souza-Siqueira
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Curi
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Immunobiological Production Section, Bioindustrial Center, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Francisco Garcia Soriano
- University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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61
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Association of prior lymphopenia with mortality in pneumonia: a cohort study in UK primary care. Br J Gen Pract 2021; 71:e148-e156. [PMID: 33495202 PMCID: PMC7846353 DOI: 10.3399/bjgp20x713981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphopenia (reduced lymphocyte count) during infections, such as pneumonia, is common and is associated with increased mortality. Little is known about the relationship between lymphocyte count before developing infections and mortality risk. AIM To identify whether patients with lymphopenia who develop pneumonia have increased risk of death. DESIGN AND SETTING A cohort study set in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) linked to national death records, in primary care. This database is representative of the UK population and is extracted from routine records. METHOD Patients aged >50 years with a pneumonia diagnosis were included from January 1998 until January 2019. The relationship between lymphocyte count and mortality was measured, using a time-to-event (multivariable Cox regression) approach, adjusted for age, sex, social factors, and potential causes of lymphopenia. The primary analysis used the most recent test before pneumonia. The primary outcome was 28-day, all-cause mortality. RESULTS A total of 40 909 participants with pneumonia were included, with 28 556 having had a lymphocyte count test before pneumonia (median time between test and diagnosis was 677 days). When lymphocyte count was categorised (0-1 × 109 cells/L, 1-2 × 109 cells/L, 2-3 × 109 cells/L, >3 × 109 cells/L, never tested), both 28-day and 1-year mortality varied significantly: 14%, 9.2%, 6.5%, 6.1%, and 25%, respectively, for 28-day mortality, and 41%, 29%, 22%, 20%, and 52% for 1-year mortality. In multivariable Cox regression, lower lymphocyte count was consistently associated with increased hazard of death. CONCLUSION Lymphopenia is an independent predictor of mortality in primary care pneumonia. Even low-normal lymphopenia (1-2 × 109 cells/L) is associated with an increase in short- and long-term mortality compared with higher counts.
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62
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Municio C, Criado G. Therapies Targeting Trained Immune Cells in Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 11:631743. [PMID: 33569065 PMCID: PMC7868395 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.631743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of trained immunity has recently emerged as a mechanism contributing to several immune mediated inflammatory conditions. Trained immunity is defined by the immunological memory developed in innate immune cells after a primary non-specific stimulus that, in turn, promotes a heightened inflammatory response upon a secondary challenge. The most characteristic changes associated to this process involve the rewiring of cell metabolism and epigenetic reprogramming. Under physiological conditions, the role of trained immune cells ensures a prompt response. This action is limited by effective resolution of inflammation and tissue repair in order to restore homeostasis. However, unrestrained activation of innate immune cells contributes to the development of chronic inflammation and tissue destruction through the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, proteases and growth factors. Therefore, interventions aimed at reversing the changes induced by trained immunity provide potential therapeutic approaches to treat inflammatory and autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We review cellular approaches that target metabolism and the epigenetic reprogramming of dendritic cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, and other trained cells in the context of autoimmune inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Municio
- Grupo de Enfermedades Inflamatorias y Autoinmunes, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriel Criado
- Grupo de Enfermedades Inflamatorias y Autoinmunes, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
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63
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Abstract
The innate immune system, through pattern recognition receptors, intercepts any kind of pathogen and reacts through chemotactic, phagocyting, cytokines-secreting and cell-killing mechanisms in a very quick and effective way. Meanwhile, the adaptive immunity arm, through dendritic and T and B cells memory activation, is alerted and starts, more slowly, to produce antibodies, seen thanks to the progress of immunological investigations in comparative vertebrates, invertebrates, and vegetal models.However, it has been stated that the innate immune system also displays adaptive potential in terms of reinfection resistance through immune memory, in addition to the modulation of responses against repeated low doses of lipopolysaccharides (Lps) or cross-immunization, starting from one pathogenic species and extending to others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beniamino Palmieri
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Medical School, Surgical Clinic, Via del Pozzo, 71, Modena (MO) 41124, Italy.,Second Opinion Medical Network, Via Ciro Bissi, 125, Modena (MO), Italy
| | - Maria Vadala'
- Second Opinion Medical Network, Via Ciro Bissi, 125, Modena (MO), Italy
| | - Lucia Palmieri
- Second Opinion Medical Network, Via Ciro Bissi, 125, Modena (MO), Italy.,Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Hospital of Modena, Via del Pozzo, 71, Modena41124, Italy
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64
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Barriales D, Martín-Ruiz I, Carreras-González A, Montesinos-Robledo M, Azkargorta M, Iloro I, Escobés I, Martín-Mateos T, Atondo E, Palacios A, Gonzalez-Lopez M, Bárcena L, Cortázar AR, Cabrera D, Peña-Cearra A, van Liempd SM, Falcón-Pérez JM, Pascual-Itoiz MA, Flores JM, Abecia L, Pellon A, Martínez-Chantar ML, Aransay AM, Pascual A, Elortza F, Berra E, Lavín JL, Rodríguez H, Anguita J. Borrelia burgdorferi infection induces long-term memory-like responses in macrophages with tissue-wide consequences in the heart. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001062. [PMID: 33395408 PMCID: PMC7808612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lyme carditis is an extracutaneous manifestation of Lyme disease characterized by episodes of atrioventricular block of varying degrees and additional, less reported cardiomyopathies. The molecular changes associated with the response to Borrelia burgdorferi over the course of infection are poorly understood. Here, we identify broad transcriptomic and proteomic changes in the heart during infection that reveal a profound down-regulation of mitochondrial components. We also describe the long-term functional modulation of macrophages exposed to live bacteria, characterized by an augmented glycolytic output, increased spirochetal binding and internalization, and reduced inflammatory responses. In vitro, glycolysis inhibition reduces the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by memory macrophages, whereas in vivo, it produces the reversion of the memory phenotype, the recovery of tissue mitochondrial components, and decreased inflammation and spirochetal burdens. These results show that B. burgdorferi induces long-term, memory-like responses in macrophages with tissue-wide consequences that are amenable to be manipulated in vivo. Lyme carditis is a manifestation of Lyme disease characterized by episodes of atrioventricular block and additional cardiomyopathies. This study describes the proteomic and transcriptomic changes in the heart upon infection with Borrelia burgdorferi, and identifies innate immune memory hallmarks specific to the response to the spirochete that are amenable to therapeutic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Barriales
- Inflammation and Macrophage Plasticity Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE-BRTA (Basque Research and Technology Alliance), Derio, Spain
| | - Itziar Martín-Ruiz
- Inflammation and Macrophage Plasticity Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE-BRTA (Basque Research and Technology Alliance), Derio, Spain
| | - Ana Carreras-González
- Inflammation and Macrophage Plasticity Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE-BRTA (Basque Research and Technology Alliance), Derio, Spain
| | - Marta Montesinos-Robledo
- Inflammation and Macrophage Plasticity Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE-BRTA (Basque Research and Technology Alliance), Derio, Spain
| | - Mikel Azkargorta
- Proteomics Platform, ProteoRed-ISCIII, CIC bioGUNE-BRTA, Derio, Spain
| | - Ibon Iloro
- Proteomics Platform, ProteoRed-ISCIII, CIC bioGUNE-BRTA, Derio, Spain
| | - Iraide Escobés
- Proteomics Platform, ProteoRed-ISCIII, CIC bioGUNE-BRTA, Derio, Spain
| | - Teresa Martín-Mateos
- Physiopathology of the Hypoxia-Signaling Pathway Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE-BRTA, Derio, Spain
| | - Estibaliz Atondo
- Inflammation and Macrophage Plasticity Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE-BRTA (Basque Research and Technology Alliance), Derio, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Palacios
- Inflammation and Macrophage Plasticity Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE-BRTA (Basque Research and Technology Alliance), Derio, Spain
| | | | - Laura Bárcena
- Genomic Analysis Platform, CIC bioGUNE-BRTA, Derio, Spain
| | | | - Diana Cabrera
- Metabolomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE-BRTA, Derio, Spain
| | - Ainize Peña-Cearra
- Inflammation and Macrophage Plasticity Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE-BRTA (Basque Research and Technology Alliance), Derio, Spain
| | | | - Juan M. Falcón-Pérez
- Metabolomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE-BRTA, Derio, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Pascual-Itoiz
- Inflammation and Macrophage Plasticity Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE-BRTA (Basque Research and Technology Alliance), Derio, Spain
| | - Juana María Flores
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leticia Abecia
- Inflammation and Macrophage Plasticity Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE-BRTA (Basque Research and Technology Alliance), Derio, Spain
| | - Aize Pellon
- Inflammation and Macrophage Plasticity Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE-BRTA (Basque Research and Technology Alliance), Derio, Spain
| | | | - Ana M. Aransay
- Genomic Analysis Platform, CIC bioGUNE-BRTA, Derio, Spain
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Pascual
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Felix Elortza
- Proteomics Platform, ProteoRed-ISCIII, CIC bioGUNE-BRTA, Derio, Spain
| | - Edurne Berra
- Physiopathology of the Hypoxia-Signaling Pathway Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE-BRTA, Derio, Spain
| | | | - Héctor Rodríguez
- Inflammation and Macrophage Plasticity Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE-BRTA (Basque Research and Technology Alliance), Derio, Spain
| | - Juan Anguita
- Inflammation and Macrophage Plasticity Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE-BRTA (Basque Research and Technology Alliance), Derio, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Wang Y, Zhang P, Wei Y, Shen K, Xiao L, Miron RJ, Zhang Y. Cell-Membrane-Display Nanotechnology. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001014. [PMID: 33000917 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Advances in material science have set the stage for nanoparticle-based research with potent applications for the diagnosis, bioimaging, and precise treatment of diseases. Despite the wide range of biomaterials developed, the rational design of biomaterials with predictable bioactivity and safety remains a critical challenge. In recent years, the field of cell-membrane-based therapeutics has emerged as a promising platform for addressing unmet medical needs. The utilization of natural cell membranes endows biomaterials with a remarkable ability to serve as biointerfaces that interact with the host environment. To improve the function and efficacy of cell-membrane-based therapeutics, a series of novel strategies is developed as cell-membrane-display nanotechnology, which utilizes various methods to selectively display therapeutic molecules of cell membranes on nanoparticles. Although cell-membrane-display nanotechnology remains in the early phases, considerable work is currently being conducted in the field. This review discusses details of innovative strategies for displaying cell-membrane molecules, including the following: 1) displaying molecules of cell membranes on biomaterials, 2) pretreating cell membranes to induce increased expression of inherent molecules of cell membranes and enhance their function, and 3) inserting additional functional molecules on cell membranes. For each area, the theoretical basis, application scenarios, and potential development are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education School and Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan 430079 China
- Medical Research Institute School of Medicine Wuhan University Wuhan 430071 China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education School and Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan 430079 China
- Medical Research Institute School of Medicine Wuhan University Wuhan 430071 China
| | - Yan Wei
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education School and Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan 430079 China
- Medical Research Institute School of Medicine Wuhan University Wuhan 430071 China
| | - Kailun Shen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education School and Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan 430079 China
- Medical Research Institute School of Medicine Wuhan University Wuhan 430071 China
| | - Leyi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education School and Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan 430079 China
- Medical Research Institute School of Medicine Wuhan University Wuhan 430071 China
| | - Richard J Miron
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education School and Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan 430079 China
- Medical Research Institute School of Medicine Wuhan University Wuhan 430071 China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education School and Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan 430079 China
- Medical Research Institute School of Medicine Wuhan University Wuhan 430071 China
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66
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Wang QQ, Han S, Li XX, Yuan R, Zhuo Y, Chen X, Zhang C, Chen Y, Gao H, Zhao LC, Yang S. Nuezhenide Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Activity through the NF-κB Pathway. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 14:101-111. [PMID: 32525787 PMCID: PMC8778660 DOI: 10.2174/1874467213666200611141337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuezhenide (NZD), an iridoid glycoside isolated from Ilex pubescens Hook. & Arn. var. kwangsiensis Hand.-Mazz., used as a traditional Chinese medicine for clearing away heat and toxic materials, displays a variety of biological activities such as anti-tumor, antioxidant, and other life-protecting activities. However, a few studies involving anti-inflammatory activity and the mechanism of NZD have also been reported. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of NZD are illustrated. OBJECTIVE This study aims to test the hypothesis that NZD suppresses LPS-induced inflammation by targeting the NF-κB pathway in RAW264.7 cells. METHODS LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells were employed to detect the effect of NZD on the release of cytokines by ELISA. Protein expression levels of related molecular markers were quantitated by western blot analysis. The levels of ROS, NO, and Ca2+ were detected by flow cytometry. The changes in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were observed and verified by fluorescence microscopy. Using immunofluorescence assay, the translocation of NF-κB/p65 from the cytoplasm into the nucleus was determined by confocal microscopy. RESULTS NZD exhibited anti-inflammatory activity and reduced the release of inflammatory cytokines such as nitrite, TNF-α, and IL-6. NZD suppressed the expression of the phosphorylated proteins like IKKα/β, IκBα, and p65. Besides, the flow cytometry results indicated that NZD inhibited the levels of ROS, NO, and Ca2+ in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. JC-1 assay data showed that NZD reversed LPS-induced MMP loss. Furthermore, NZD suppressed LPS-induced NF-B/p65 translocation from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. CONCLUSION NZD exhibits anti-inflammatory effects through the NF-κB pathway on RAW264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Qin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, China
- Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning, 530200
| | - Shan Han
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, China
- Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning, 530200
| | - Xin-Xing Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, China
- Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning, 530200
| | - Renyikun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Youqiong Zhuo
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, China
- Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning, 530200
| | - Xinxin Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, China
- Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning, 530200
| | - Chenwei Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, China
- Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning, 530200
| | - Yangling Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, China
- Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning, 530200
| | - Hongwei Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, China
- Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning, 530200
| | - Li-Chun Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, China
- Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning, 530200
| | - Shilin Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, China
- Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning, 530200
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Walk J, Keramati F, de Bree LCJ, Arts RJW, Blok B, Netea MG, Stunnenberg HG, Sauerwein RW. Controlled Human Malaria Infection Induces Long-Term Functional Changes in Monocytes. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:604553. [PMID: 33324683 PMCID: PMC7726436 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.604553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune memory responses (also termed "trained immunity") have been described in monocytes after BCG vaccination and after stimulation in vitro with microbial and endogenous ligands such as LPS, β-glucan, oxidized LDL, and monosodium urate crystals. However, whether clinical infections are also capable of inducing a trained immunity phenotype remained uncertain. We evaluated whether Plasmodium falciparum infection can induce innate immune memory by measuring monocyte-derived cytokine production from five volunteers undergoing Controlled Human Malaria Infection. Monocyte responses followed a biphasic pattern: during acute infection, monocytes produced lower amounts of inflammatory cytokines upon secondary stimulation, but 36 days after malaria infection they produced significantly more IL-6 and TNF-α in response to various stimuli. Furthermore, transcriptomic and epigenomic data analysis revealed a clear reprogramming of monocytes at both timepoints, with long-term changes of H3K4me3 at the promoter regions of inflammatory genes that remain present for several weeks after parasite clearance. These findings demonstrate an epigenetic basis of trained immunity induced by human malaria in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jona Walk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Farid Keramati
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - L Charlotte J de Bree
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines, Bandim Health Project, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, University of Southern Denmark/Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rob J W Arts
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Bas Blok
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines, Bandim Health Project, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, University of Southern Denmark/Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department for Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hendrik G Stunnenberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Robert W Sauerwein
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Fanucchi S, Domínguez-Andrés J, Joosten LAB, Netea MG, Mhlanga MM. The Intersection of Epigenetics and Metabolism in Trained Immunity. Immunity 2020; 54:32-43. [PMID: 33220235 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The last few years have witnessed an increasing body of evidence that challenges the traditional view that immunological memory is an exclusive trait of the adaptive immune system. Myeloid cells can show increased responsiveness upon subsequent stimulation with the same or a different stimulus, well after the initial challenge. This de facto innate immune memory has been termed "trained immunity" and is involved in infections, vaccination and inflammatory diseases. Trained immunity is based on two main pillars: the epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming of cells. In this review we discuss the latest insights into the epigenetic mechanisms behind the induction of trained immunity, as well as the role of different cellular metabolites and metabolic networks in the induction, regulation and maintenance of trained immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Fanucchi
- Division of Chemical, Systems & Synthetic Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road Observatory, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 8, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jorge Domínguez-Andrés
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 8, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 8, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 8, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department for Immunology & Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Musa M Mhlanga
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Epigenomics & Single Cell Biophysics Group, Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Lapenta C, Gabriele L, Santini SM. IFN-Alpha-Mediated Differentiation of Dendritic Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy: Advances and Perspectives. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040617. [PMID: 33086492 PMCID: PMC7711454 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The past decade has seen tremendous developments in novel cancer therapies through targeting immune-checkpoint molecules. However, since increasing the presentation of tumor antigens remains one of the major issues for eliciting a strong antitumor immune response, dendritic cells (DC) still hold a great potential for the development of cancer immunotherapy. A considerable body of evidence clearly demonstrates the importance of the interactions of type I IFN with the immune system for the generation of a durable antitumor response through its effects on DC. Actually, highly active DC can be rapidly generated from blood monocytes in vitro in the presence of IFN-α (IFN-DC), suitable for therapeutic vaccination of cancer patients. Here we review how type I IFN can promote the ex vivo differentiation of human DC and orientate DC functions towards the priming and expansion of protective antitumor immune responses. New epigenetic elements of control on activation of the type I IFN signal will be highlighted. We also review a few clinical trials exploiting IFN-DC in cancer vaccination and discuss how IFN-DC could be exploited for the design of effective strategies of cancer immunotherapy as a monotherapy or in combination with immune-checkpoint inhibitors or immunomodulatory drugs.
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Frank MG, Fonken LK, Watkins LR, Maier SF. Acute stress induces chronic neuroinflammatory, microglial and behavioral priming: A role for potentiated NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 89:32-42. [PMID: 32485293 PMCID: PMC7572608 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior exposure to acute and chronic stressors potentiates the neuroinflammatory and microglial pro-inflammatory response to subsequent immune challenges suggesting that stressors sensitize or prime microglia. Stress-induced priming of the NLRP3 inflammasome has been implicated in this priming phenomenon, however the duration/persistence of these effects has not been investigated. In the present study, we examined whether exposure to a single acute stressor (inescapable tailshock) induced a protracted priming of the NLRP3 inflammasome as well as the neuroinflammatory, behavioral and microglial proinflammatory response to a subsequent immune challenge in hippocampus. In male Sprague-Dawley rats, acute stress potentiated the neuroinflammatory response (IL-1β, IL-6, and NFκBIα) to an immune challenge (lipopolysaccharide; LPS) administered 8 days after stressor exposure. Acute stress also potentiated the proinflammatory cytokine response (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF and NFκBIα) to LPS ex vivo. This stress-induced priming of microglia also was observed 28 days post-stress. Furthermore, challenge with LPS reduced juvenile social exploration, but not sucrose preference, in animals exposed to stress 8 days prior to immune challenge. Exposure to acute stress also increased basal mRNA levels of NLRP3 and potentiated LPS-induction of caspase-1 mRNA and protein activity 8 days after stress. The present findings suggest that acute stress produces a protracted vulnerability to the neuroinflammatory effects of subsequent immune challenges, thereby increasing risk for stress-related psychiatric disorders with an etiological inflammatory component. Further, these findings suggest the unique possibility that acute stress might induce innate immune memory in microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Frank
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80301, USA.
| | - Laura K Fonken
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Linda R Watkins
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - Steven F Maier
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
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Csaba G. Possible contribution of trained immunity in faulty hormonal imprinting and DOHaD: Review and hypothesis. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2020; 67:143-147. [PMID: 32997645 DOI: 10.1556/030.2020.01178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The faulty hormonal imprinting theory (published in 1980) and the DOHaD (Developmental Origin of Health and Disease theory (published in 1986) are twin-concepts: both justify the manifestation after long time (in adults) diseases which had been provoked in differentiating cells (e.g. during gestation). This was demonstrated using animal experiments as well, as comparative statistical methods (in human cases). However, there is no explanation for the tools of memorization (even after decades) of the early adversity and the tools of execution (manifestation) in adult age. It seems likely that immune memory is involved to the memorization of early adversity, up to the manifestation of the result (non-communicable diseases). Nevertheless, the relatively short timespan of adaptive immune memory makes this system insuitable for this function, however the newly recognized trained memory of the innate immune system seems to be theoretically suitable for the storage of the records and handling the sequalae, which is the epigenetic reprogramming in the time of provocation, without changes in base sequences (mutation). The flawed (damaged) program is manifested later, in adult age. Evidences are incomplete, so further animal experiments and human observations are needed for justifying the theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Csaba
- Department of Genetics, Cell-and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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72
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Nowill AE, de Campos-Lima PO. Immune Response Resetting as a Novel Strategy to Overcome SARS-CoV-2-Induced Cytokine Storm. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:2566-2575. [PMID: 32958687 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which rapidly became a pandemic of global proportions. Sepsis is commonly present with high lethality in the severe forms of the disease. The virus-induced cytokine storm puts the immune system in overdrive at the expense of the pathogen-specific immune response and is likely to underlie the most advanced COVID-19 clinical features, including sepsis-related multiple organ dysfunction as well as the pathophysiological changes found in the lungs. We review the major therapeutic strategies that have been considered for sepsis and might be amenable to repurposing for COVID-19. We also discuss two different immunization strategies that have the potential to confer antiviral heterologous protection: innate-induced trained immunity and adaptive-induced immune response resetting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre E Nowill
- Integrated Center for Pediatric OncoHaematological Research, State University of Campinas, Campinas SP 13083-888, Brazil;
| | - Pedro O de Campos-Lima
- Boldrini Children's Center, Campinas SP 13083-210, Brazil; and .,Functional and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas SP 13083-865, Brazil
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Critical illness survivorship is associated with new and worsening physical, cognitive, and emotional status. Survivors are vulnerable to further health set-backs, most commonly because of infection and exacerbation of chronic medical conditions. Awareness of survivors' challenges are important given the anticipated rise in critical illness survivors because of SARS-CoV-2 viral sepsis. RECENT FINDINGS Studies continue to document challenges of critical illness survivorship. Beyond the cognitive, physical, and mental health sequelae encompassed by postintensive case syndrome, patients commonly experience persistent immunosuppression, re-hospitalization, inability to resume prior employment, and reduced quality of life. Although recommended practices for enhancing recovery from sepsis are associated with better outcomes, only a minority of patients receive all recommended practices. ICU follow-up programs or peer support groups remain important interventions to learn about and address the multifaceted challenges of critical illness survivorship, but there is little evidence of benefit to date. SUMMARY Survivors of sepsis and critical illness commonly experience impaired health status, reduced quality of life, and inability to return to prior employment. Although the challenges of critical illness survivorship are increasingly well documented, there are relatively few studies on enhancing recovery. Future studies must focus on identifying best practices for optimizing recovery and strategies to promote their implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hallie C Prescott
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan.,VA Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jeremy B Sussman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan.,VA Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - W Joost Wiersinga
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases.,Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Brooks D, Barr LC, Wiscombe S, McAuley DF, Simpson AJ, Rostron AJ. Human lipopolysaccharide models provide mechanistic and therapeutic insights into systemic and pulmonary inflammation. Eur Respir J 2020; 56:13993003.01298-2019. [PMID: 32299854 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01298-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a key feature in the pathogenesis of sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Sepsis and ARDS continue to be associated with high mortality. A key contributory factor is the rudimentary understanding of the early events in pulmonary and systemic inflammation in humans, which are difficult to study in clinical practice, as they precede the patient's presentation to medical services. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a constituent of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, is a trigger of inflammation and the dysregulated host response in sepsis. Human LPS models deliver a small quantity of LPS to healthy volunteers, triggering an inflammatory response and providing a window to study early inflammation in humans. This allows biological/mechanistic insights to be made and new therapeutic strategies to be tested in a controlled, reproducible environment from a defined point in time. We review the use of human LPS models, focussing on the underlying mechanistic insights that have been gained by studying the response to intravenous and pulmonary LPS challenge. We discuss variables that may influence the response to LPS before considering factors that should be considered when designing future human LPS studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Brooks
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Laura C Barr
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah Wiscombe
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Daniel F McAuley
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Health Sciences, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Belfast, UK
| | - A John Simpson
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anthony J Rostron
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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Dijkstra-de Neijs L, Leenen PJM, Hays JP, van der Valk ES, Kraaij R, van Rossum EFC, Ester WA. Biological Consequences of Psychological Distress in Caregivers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and its Potential Relevance to Other Chronic Diseases Including Cancer. CURR EPIDEMIOL REP 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40471-020-00237-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Caregivers of children with a chronic illness are a neglected group in medical research and patient care, and are frequently confronted with chronic psychological distress. The biological consequences of this chronic distress are unclear but highly relevant, as these caregivers have a lifelong task in caring for their child. In this review, the authors specifically describe caregiver distress related to autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but the review may be relevant to other chronic diseases, including cancer.
Recent Findings
Epidemiological evidence illustrates the increased mortality risk in caregivers of children with ASD although some individual factors appear to diminish these risks. Biological studies demonstrate that caregiver distress can lead to dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis, a pro-inflammatory state of the immune and central nervous system, and gut microbiome imbalance.
Summary
Caregivers of children with a chronic illness like ASD deserve more health-related attention with respect to their psychological and physical well-being. Such attention would benefit individual caregivers, as well as their children, as both are highly interconnected. Structural psychological and physical screening of caregivers can be considered.
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Koeken VACM, van der Pasch ES, Leijte GP, Mourits VP, de Bree LCJ, Moorlag SJCFM, Budnick I, Idh N, Lerm M, Kox M, van Laarhoven A, Netea MG, van Crevel R. The effect of BCG vaccination on alveolar macrophages obtained from induced sputum from healthy volunteers. Cytokine 2020; 133:155135. [PMID: 32534356 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The anti-tuberculosis vaccine Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is able to boost innate immune responses through a process called 'trained immunity'. It is hypothesized that BCG-induced trained immunity contributes to protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Since alveolar macrophages are the first cell type to encounter M. tuberculosis upon infection, we aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of BCG vaccination on alveolar macrophages. Searching for a less-invasive method than bronchoalveolar lavage, we optimized the isolation of alveolar macrophages from induced sputum of healthy volunteers. Viable alveolar macrophages could be successfully isolated from induced sputum and showed signs of activation already upon retrieval. Further flow cytometric analyses revealed that at baseline, higher expression levels of activation markers were observed on the alveolar macrophages of smokers compared to non-smokers. In addition, BCG vaccination resulted in decreased expression of the activation markers CD11b and HLA-DR on alveolar macrophages. Future studies should evaluate the functional consequences of this reduced activation of alveolar macrophages after BCG vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie A C M Koeken
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Eva S van der Pasch
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Guus P Leijte
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Vera P Mourits
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - L Charlotte J de Bree
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines, Bandim Health Project, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, University of Southern Denmark/Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Simone J C F M Moorlag
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Isadore Budnick
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nina Idh
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Maria Lerm
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Matthijs Kox
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Arjan van Laarhoven
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department for Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Reinout van Crevel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Shao Y, Saredy J, Yang WY, Sun Y, Lu Y, Saaoud F, Drummer C, Johnson C, Xu K, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang X. Vascular Endothelial Cells and Innate Immunity. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:e138-e152. [PMID: 32459541 PMCID: PMC7263359 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In addition to the roles of endothelial cells (ECs) in physiological processes, ECs actively participate in both innate and adaptive immune responses. We previously reported that, in comparison to macrophages, a prototypic innate immune cell type, ECs have many innate immune functions that macrophages carry out, including cytokine secretion, phagocytic function, antigen presentation, pathogen-associated molecular patterns-, and danger-associated molecular patterns-sensing, proinflammatory, immune-enhancing, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppression, migration, heterogeneity, and plasticity. In this highlight, we introduce recent advances published in both ATVB and many other journals: (1) several significant characters classify ECs as novel immune cells not only in infections and allograft transplantation but also in metabolic diseases; (2) several new receptor systems including conditional danger-associated molecular pattern receptors, nonpattern receptors, and homeostasis associated molecular patterns receptors contribute to innate immune functions of ECs; (3) immunometabolism and innate immune memory determine the innate immune functions of ECs; (4) a great induction of the immune checkpoint receptors in ECs during inflammations suggests the immune tolerogenic functions of ECs; and (5) association of immune checkpoint inhibitors with cardiovascular adverse events and cardio-oncology indicates the potential contributions of ECs as innate immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shao
- Centers of Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Jason Saredy
- Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - William Y. Yang
- Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Yu Sun
- Centers of Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Yifan Lu
- Centers of Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Centers of Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Charles Drummer
- Centers of Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Candice Johnson
- Centers of Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Keman Xu
- Centers of Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Centers of Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
- Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Hong Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Centers of Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
- Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
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McBride MA, Owen AM, Stothers CL, Hernandez A, Luan L, Burelbach KR, Patil TK, Bohannon JK, Sherwood ER, Patil NK. The Metabolic Basis of Immune Dysfunction Following Sepsis and Trauma. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1043. [PMID: 32547553 PMCID: PMC7273750 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Critically ill, severely injured and high-risk surgical patients are vulnerable to secondary infections during hospitalization and after hospital discharge. Studies show that the mitochondrial function and oxidative metabolism of monocytes and macrophages are impaired during sepsis. Alternatively, treatment with microbe-derived ligands, such as monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), peptidoglycan, or β-glucan, that interact with toll-like receptors and other pattern recognition receptors on leukocytes induces a state of innate immune memory that confers broad-spectrum resistance to infection with common hospital-acquired pathogens. Priming of macrophages with MPLA, CPG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN), or β-glucan induces a macrophage metabolic phenotype characterized by mitochondrial biogenesis and increased oxidative metabolism in parallel with increased glycolysis, cell size and granularity, augmented phagocytosis, heightened respiratory burst functions, and more effective killing of microbes. The mitochondrion is a bioenergetic organelle that not only contributes to energy supply, biosynthesis, and cellular redox functions but serves as a platform for regulating innate immunological functions such as production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and regulatory intermediates. This review will define current knowledge of leukocyte metabolic dysfunction during and after sepsis and trauma. We will further discuss therapeutic strategies that target leukocyte mitochondrial function and might have value in preventing or reversing sepsis- and trauma-induced immune dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A. McBride
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Allison M. Owen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Cody L. Stothers
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Antonio Hernandez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Liming Luan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Katherine R. Burelbach
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Tazeen K. Patil
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Julia K. Bohannon
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Edward R. Sherwood
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Naeem K. Patil
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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Florentino D, Della Giustina A, de Souza Goldim MP, Danielski LG, de Oliveira Junior AN, Joaquim L, Bonfante S, Biehl E, da Rosa N, Fernandes D, Gava FF, Michels M, Fortunato JJ, Réus GZ, S Valvassori S, Quevedo J, Dal-Pizzol F, Barichello T, Petronilho F. Early life neuroimmune challenge protects the brain after sepsis in adult rats. Neurochem Int 2020; 135:104712. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Lopez-Santalla M, Hervas-Salcedo R, Fernandez-Garcia M, Bueren JA, Garin MI. Cell Therapy With Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induces an Innate Immune Memory Response That Attenuates Experimental Colitis in the Long Term. J Crohns Colitis 2020; 14:1424-1435. [PMID: 32318720 PMCID: PMC7533896 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Mesenchymal stem cells [MSCs] are used in preclinical and clinical studies for treatment of immune-mediated disorders, thanks to their immunomodulatory properties. Cell therapy with MSCs induces multiple effects in the immune system which ultimately lead to increase in the number of immune cells with regulatory phenotype. In this study, we investigated whether the beneficial effects of MSC therapy are maintained in the long term in a clinically relevant mouse model of colitis. METHODS A single dose of adipose-derived MSCs [aMSCs] was infused into dextran sulphate sodium [DSS]-induced colitic mice during the induction phase of the disease. Following a latency period of 12 weeks, mice were re-challenged with a second 7-day cycle of DSS. RESULTS DSS-induced colitic mice treated with aMSCs showed significant reduction in their colitic disease activity index during the second DSS challenge when compared with non-aMSC treated DSS-induced colitic mice. Strikingly, the long-term protection induced by aMSC therapy was also observed in Rag-1-/- mice where no adaptive immune memory cell responses take place. Increased percentages of Ly6G+CD11b+ myeloid cells were observed 12 weeks after the first inflammatory challenge in the peritoneal cavity, spleen, and bone marrow of DSS-induced colitic mice that were infused with aMSCs. Interestingly, upon re-challenge with DSS, these animals showed a concomitant increase in the regulatory/inflammatory macrophage ratio in the colon lamina propria. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate for the first time that MSC therapy can imprint an innate immune memory-like response in mice which confers sustained protection against acute inflammation in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Lopez-Santalla
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas [CIEMAT] and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras [CIBER-ER], Madrid, Spain,Advanced Therapy Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz [IIS-FJD/UAM], Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Hervas-Salcedo
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas [CIEMAT] and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras [CIBER-ER], Madrid, Spain,Advanced Therapy Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz [IIS-FJD/UAM], Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Fernandez-Garcia
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas [CIEMAT] and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras [CIBER-ER], Madrid, Spain,Advanced Therapy Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz [IIS-FJD/UAM], Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Bueren
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas [CIEMAT] and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras [CIBER-ER], Madrid, Spain,Advanced Therapy Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz [IIS-FJD/UAM], Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Inmaculada Garin
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas [CIEMAT] and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras [CIBER-ER], Madrid, Spain,Advanced Therapy Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz [IIS-FJD/UAM], Madrid, Spain,Corresponding author: Marina Inmaculada Garina, PhD, Building 70, Floor 0, Avda, Complutense, 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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81
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Csaba G. Reprogramming of the Immune System by Stress and Faulty Hormonal Imprinting. Clin Ther 2020; 42:983-992. [PMID: 32307123 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hormonal imprinting is taking place perinatally at the first encounter between the developing hormone receptors and their target hormones. However, in this crucial period when the developmental window for physiological imprinting is open, other molecules, such as synthetic hormones and endocrine disruptors can bind to the receptors, leading to faulty imprinting with life-long consequences, especially to the immune system. This review presents the factors of stress and faulty hormonal imprinting that lead to reprogramming of the immune system. METHODS Relevant publications from Pubmed since 1990 were reviewed and synthesized. FINDINGS The developing immune system is rather sensitive to hormonal effects. Faulty hormonal imprinting is able to reprogram the original developmental program present in a given cell, with lifelong consequences, manifested in alteration of hormone binding by receptors, susceptibility to certain (non-infectious) diseases, and triggering of other diseases. As stress mobilizes the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis if it occurred during gestation or perinatally, it could lead to faulty hormonal imprinting in the immune system, manifested later as allergic and autoimmune diseases or weakness of normal immune defenses. Hormonal imprinting is an epigenetic process and is carried to the offspring without alteration of DNA base sequences. This means that any form of early-life stress alone or in association with hormonal imprinting could be associated with the developmental origin of health and disease (DOHaD). As puberty is also a period of reprogramming, stress or faulty imprinting can change the original (developmental) program, also with life-long consequences. IMPLICATIONS Considering the continuous differentiation of immune cells (from blast-cells) during the whole life, there is a possibility of late-imprinting or stress-activated reprogramming in the immune system at any periods of life, with later pathogenetic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Csaba
- Department of Genetics, Cell, and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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82
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New live attenuated tuberculosis vaccine MTBVAC induces trained immunity and confers protection against experimental lethal pneumonia. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008404. [PMID: 32240273 PMCID: PMC7117655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Among infectious diseases, tuberculosis is the leading cause of death worldwide, and represents a serious threat, especially in developing countries. The protective effects of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), the current vaccine against tuberculosis, have been related not only to specific induction of T-cell immunity, but also with the long-term epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming of the cells from the innate immune system through a process termed trained immunity. Here we show that MTBVAC, a live attenuated strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, safe and immunogenic against tuberculosis antigens in adults and newborns, is also able to generate trained immunity through the induction of glycolysis and glutaminolysis and the accumulation of histone methylation marks at the promoters of proinflammatory genes, facilitating an enhanced response after secondary challenge with non-related bacterial stimuli. Importantly, these findings in human primary myeloid cells are complemented by a strong MTBVAC-induced heterologous protection against a lethal challenge with Streptococcus pneumoniae in an experimental murine model of pneumonia. Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been causing infections in our species and our ancestors for at least thousands of years. Still today, the numbers of people affected by tuberculosis are alarming with more than 1,4 million deaths per year, representing the first cause of death by infectious disease worldwide. Despite immense research efforts, Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), a vaccine based on a live attenuated form of Mycobacterium bovis that was developed one century ago, remains the only licensed vaccine against tuberculosis. Several independent works have shown that BCG induces protection not only against tuberculosis, but also against other infections through the induction of epigenetic and metabolic effects in the cells of the innate immune system, what has been termed trained immunity. Here we describe how MTBVAC, a new vaccine against tuberculosis based on a genetically modified form of the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis, that has shown similar safety profiles and improved protection than BCG in preclinical studies, is able to induce trained immunity in human cells and grant protection against a heterologous model of pneumococcal infection in mice. These results underline the potential of MTBVAC as a candidate for universal vaccination against tuberculosis or treatment against bladder cancer, representing a potential alternative to the current BCG vaccines.
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83
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Orekhov AN, Nikiforov NN, Ivanova EA, Sobenin IA. Possible Role of Mitochondrial DNA Mutations in Chronification of Inflammation: Focus on Atherosclerosis. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9040978. [PMID: 32244740 PMCID: PMC7230212 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9040978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronification of inflammation is the process that lies at the basis of several human diseases that make up to 80% of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It can also explain a great deal of processes related to aging. Atherosclerosis is an example of the most important chronic inflammatory pathology in terms of public health impact. Atherogenesis is based on the inflammatory response of the innate immunity arising locally or focally. The main trigger for this response appears to be modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL), although other factors may also play a role. With the quick resolution of inflammation, atherosclerotic changes in the arterial wall do not occur. However, a violation of the innate immunity response can lead to chronification of local inflammation and, as a result, to atherosclerotic lesion formation. In this review, we discuss possible mechanisms of the impaired immune response with a special focus on mitochondrial dysfunction. Some mitochondrial dysfunctions may be due to mutations in mitochondrial DNA. Several mitochondrial DNA mutations leading to defective mitophagy have been identified. The regulatory role of mitophagy in the immune response has been shown in recent studies. We suggest that defective mitophagy promoted by mutations in mitochondrial DNA can cause innate immunity disorders leading to chronification of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N. Orekhov
- Laboratory for Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Infection Pathology and Molecular Microecology, Institute of Human Morphology, 117418 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (A.N.O.); (E.A.I.); Tel.: +7-903-169-08-66 (A.N.O.)
| | - Nikita N. Nikiforov
- Centre of Collective Usage, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilova Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia;
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A. Ivanova
- Department of Basic Research, Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, 121609 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (A.N.O.); (E.A.I.); Tel.: +7-903-169-08-66 (A.N.O.)
| | - Igor A. Sobenin
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia;
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Venet F, Demaret J, Gossez M, Monneret G. Myeloid cells in sepsis-acquired immunodeficiency. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1499:3-17. [PMID: 32202669 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
On May 2017, the World Health Organization recognized sepsis as a global health priority. Sepsis profoundly perturbs immune homeostasis by initiating a complex response that varies over time, with the concomitant occurrence of pro- and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Sepsis deeply impacts myeloid cell response. Different mechanisms are at play, such as apoptosis, endotoxin tolerance, metabolic failure, epigenetic reprogramming, and central regulation. This induces systemic effects on circulating immune cells and impacts progenitors locally in lymphoid organs. In the bone marrow, a progressive shift toward the release of immature myeloid cells (including myeloid-derived suppressor cells), at the expense of mature neutrophils, takes place. Circulating dendritic cell number remains dramatically low and monocytes/macrophages display an anti-inflammatory phenotype and reduced antigen presentation capacity. Intensity and persistence of these alterations are associated with increased risk of deleterious outcomes in patients. Thus, myeloid cells dysfunctions play a prominent role in the occurrence of sepsis-acquired immunodeficiency. For the most immunosuppressed patients, this paves the way for clinical trials evaluating immunoadjuvant molecules (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interferon gamma) aimed at restoring homeostatic myeloid cell response. Our review offers a summary of sepsis-induced myeloid cell dysfunctions and current therapeutic strategies proposed to target these defects in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Venet
- EA 7426 Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression (PI3), Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Immunology Laboratory, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Julie Demaret
- Institut d'Immunologie, Lille University and University Hospital (CHU), Lille, France
| | - Morgane Gossez
- EA 7426 Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression (PI3), Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Immunology Laboratory, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Guillaume Monneret
- EA 7426 Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression (PI3), Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Immunology Laboratory, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
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Netea MG, Domínguez-Andrés J, Barreiro LB, Chavakis T, Divangahi M, Fuchs E, Joosten LAB, van der Meer JWM, Mhlanga MM, Mulder WJM, Riksen NP, Schlitzer A, Schultze JL, Stabell Benn C, Sun JC, Xavier RJ, Latz E. Defining trained immunity and its role in health and disease. Nat Rev Immunol 2020; 20:375-388. [PMID: 32132681 PMCID: PMC7186935 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-020-0285-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1243] [Impact Index Per Article: 310.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immune memory is a defining feature of the acquired immune system, but activation of the innate immune system can also result in enhanced responsiveness to subsequent triggers. This process has been termed ‘trained immunity’, a de facto innate immune memory. Research in the past decade has pointed to the broad benefits of trained immunity for host defence but has also suggested potentially detrimental outcomes in immune-mediated and chronic inflammatory diseases. Here we define ‘trained immunity’ as a biological process and discuss the innate stimuli and the epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming events that shape the induction of trained immunity. Here a group of leaders in the field define our current understanding of ‘trained immunity’, which refers to the memory-type responses that occur in the innate immune system. The authors discuss our current understanding of the key epigenetic and metabolic processes involved in trained immunity and consider its relevance in immune-mediated diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands. .,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands. .,Department of Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Jorge Domínguez-Andrés
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Luis B Barreiro
- Department of Genetics, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Genetics Section, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Maziar Divangahi
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,McGill International TB Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Elaine Fuchs
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jos W M van der Meer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Musa M Mhlanga
- Division of Chemical and Systems Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Gene Expression and Biophysics Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Willem J M Mulder
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Niels P Riksen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Andreas Schlitzer
- Myeloid Cell Biology, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joachim L Schultze
- Department of Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christine Stabell Benn
- Bandim Health Project, OPEN, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Joseph C Sun
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. .,Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA. .,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany.
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86
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Xing Z, Afkhami S, Bavananthasivam J, Fritz DK, D'Agostino MR, Vaseghi-Shanjani M, Yao Y, Jeyanathan M. Innate immune memory of tissue-resident macrophages and trained innate immunity: Re-vamping vaccine concept and strategies. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:825-834. [PMID: 32125045 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4mr0220-446r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past few years, our understanding of immunological memory has evolved remarkably due to a growing body of new knowledge in innate immune memory and immunity. Immunological memory now encompasses both innate and adaptive immune memory. The hypo-reactive and hyper-reactive types of innate immune memory lead to a suppressed and enhanced innate immune protective outcome, respectively. The latter is also named trained innate immunity (TII). The emerging information on innate immune memory has not only shed new light on the mechanisms of host defense but is also revolutionizing our long-held view of vaccination and vaccine strategies. Our current review will examine recent progress and knowledge gaps in innate immune memory with a focus on tissue-resident Mϕs, particularly lung Mϕs, and their relationship to local antimicrobial innate immunity. We will also discuss the impact of innate immune memory and TII on our understanding of vaccine concept and strategies and the significance of respiratory mucosal route of vaccination against respiratory pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Xing
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sam Afkhami
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jegarubee Bavananthasivam
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dominik K Fritz
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael R D'Agostino
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maryam Vaseghi-Shanjani
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yushi Yao
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Current affiliation: Department of Immunology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mangalakumari Jeyanathan
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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87
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Cabău G, Crișan TO, Klück V, Popp RA, Joosten LAB. Urate-induced immune programming: Consequences for gouty arthritis and hyperuricemia. Immunol Rev 2020; 294:92-105. [PMID: 31853991 PMCID: PMC7065123 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Trained immunity is a process in which innate immune cells undergo functional reprogramming in response to pathogens or damage-associated molecules leading to an enhanced non-specific immune response to subsequent stimulation. While this capacity to respond more strongly to stimuli is beneficial for host defense, in some circumstances it can lead to maladaptive programming and chronic inflammation. Gout is characterized by persistent low-grade inflammation and is associated with an increased number of comorbidities. Hyperuricemia is the main risk factor for gout and is linked to the development of comorbidities. Several experimental studies have shown that urate can mechanistically alter the inflammatory capacity of myeloid cells, while observational studies have indicated an association of hyperuricemia to a wide spectrum of common adult inflammatory diseases. In this review, we argue that hyperuricemia is a main culprit in the development of the long-term systemic inflammation seen in gout. We revisit existing evidence for urate-induced transcriptional and epigenetic reprogramming that could lead to an altered functional state of circulating monocytes consisting in enhanced responsiveness and maladaptive immune responses. By discussing specific functional adaptations of monocytes and macrophages induced by soluble urate or monosodium urate crystals and their contribution to inflammation in vitro and in vivo, we further enforce that urate is a metabolite that can induce innate immune memory and we discuss future research and possible new therapeutic approaches for gout and its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgiana Cabău
- Department of Medical GeneticsIuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and PharmacyCluj‐NapocaRomania
| | - Tania O. Crișan
- Department of Medical GeneticsIuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and PharmacyCluj‐NapocaRomania
| | - Viola Klück
- Department of Internal MedicineRadboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS)Radboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Radu A. Popp
- Department of Medical GeneticsIuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and PharmacyCluj‐NapocaRomania
| | - Leo A. B. Joosten
- Department of Medical GeneticsIuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and PharmacyCluj‐NapocaRomania
- Department of Internal MedicineRadboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS)Radboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
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88
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Bobeck EA. NUTRITION AND HEALTH: COMPANION ANIMAL APPLICATIONS: Functional nutrition in livestock and companion animals to modulate the immune response. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:skaa035. [PMID: 32026938 PMCID: PMC7053864 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in the understanding of how the immune system functions in response to diet have altered the way we think about feeding livestock and companion animals on both the short (weeks/months) and long-term (years) timelines; however, depth of research in each of these species varies. Work dedicated to understanding how immune function can be altered with diet has revealed additional functions of required nutrients such as vitamins D and E, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and minerals such as zinc, while feed additives such as phytogenics and probiotics add an additional layer of immunomodulating potential to modern diets. For certain nutrients such as vitamin D or omega-3 PUFA, inclusion above currently recommended levels may optimize immune function and reduce inflammation, while for others such as zinc, additional pharmacological supplementation above requirements may inhibit immune function. Also to consider is the potential to over-immunomodulate, where important functions such as clearance of microbial infections may be reduced when supplementation reduces the inflammatory action of the immune system. Continued work in the area of nutritional immunology will further enhance our understanding of the power of nutrition and diet to improve health in both livestock and companion animals. This review collects examples from several species to highlight the work completed to understand how nutrition can be used to alter immune function, intended or not.
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89
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Rubio I, Osuchowski MF, Shankar-Hari M, Skirecki T, Winkler MS, Lachmann G, La Rosée P, Monneret G, Venet F, Bauer M, Brunkhorst FM, Kox M, Cavaillon JM, Uhle F, Weigand MA, Flohé SB, Wiersinga WJ, Martin-Fernandez M, Almansa R, Martin-Loeches I, Torres A, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Girardis M, Cossarizza A, Netea MG, van der Poll T, Scherag A, Meisel C, Schefold JC, Bermejo-Martín JF. Current gaps in sepsis immunology: new opportunities for translational research. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2019; 19:e422-e436. [DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(19)30567-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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90
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Lai B, Wang J, Fagenson A, Sun Y, Saredy J, Lu Y, Nanayakkara G, Yang WY, Yu D, Shao Y, Drummer C, Johnson C, Saaoud F, Zhang R, Yang Q, Xu K, Mastascusa K, Cueto R, Fu H, Wu S, Sun L, Zhu P, Qin X, Yu J, Fan D, Shen YH, Sun J, Rogers T, Choi ET, Wang H, Yang X. Twenty Novel Disease Group-Specific and 12 New Shared Macrophage Pathways in Eight Groups of 34 Diseases Including 24 Inflammatory Organ Diseases and 10 Types of Tumors. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2612. [PMID: 31824480 PMCID: PMC6880770 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying pathophysiological regulation of tissue macrophage (Mφ) subsets remain poorly understood. From the expression of 207 Mφ genes comprising 31 markers for 10 subsets, 45 transcription factors (TFs), 56 immunometabolism enzymes, 23 trained immunity (innate immune memory) enzymes, and 52 other genes in microarray data, we made the following findings. (1) When 34 inflammation diseases and tumor types were grouped into eight categories, there was differential expression of the 31 Mφ markers and 45 Mφ TFs, highlighted by 12 shared and 20 group-specific disease pathways. (2) Mφ in lung, liver, spleen, and intestine (LLSI-Mφ) express higher M1 Mφ markers than lean adipose tissue Mφ (ATMφ) physiologically. (3) Pro-adipogenic TFs C/EBPα and PPARγ and proinflammatory adipokine leptin upregulate the expression of M1 Mφ markers. (4) Among 10 immune checkpoint receptors (ICRs), LLSI-Mφ and bone marrow (BM) Mφ express higher levels of CD274 (PDL-1) than ATMφ, presumably to counteract the M1 dominant status via its reverse signaling behavior. (5) Among 24 intercellular communication exosome mediators, LLSI- and BM- Mφ prefer to use RAB27A and STX3 than RAB31 and YKT6, suggesting new inflammatory exosome mediators for propagating inflammation. (6) Mφ in peritoneal tissue and LLSI-Mφ upregulate higher levels of immunometabolism enzymes than does ATMφ. (7) Mφ from peritoneum and LLSI-Mφ upregulate more trained immunity enzyme genes than does ATMφ. Our results suggest that multiple new mechanisms including the cell surface, intracellular immunometabolism, trained immunity, and TFs may be responsible for disease group-specific and shared pathways. Our findings have provided novel insights on the pathophysiological regulation of tissue Mφ, the disease group-specific and shared pathways of Mφ, and novel therapeutic targets for cancers and inflammations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lai
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiwei Wang
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Alexander Fagenson
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Division of Abdominal Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yu Sun
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jason Saredy
- Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, & Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yifan Lu
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Gayani Nanayakkara
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - William Y Yang
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Daohai Yu
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ying Shao
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Charles Drummer
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Candice Johnson
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ruijing Zhang
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Qian Yang
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Keman Xu
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kevin Mastascusa
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ramon Cueto
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hangfei Fu
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Susu Wu
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lizhe Sun
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Peiqian Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuebin Qin
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Tulane National Primate Research Center, School of Medicine, Tulane University, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Jun Yu
- Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, & Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Daping Fan
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Ying H Shen
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Research Laboratory, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jianxin Sun
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Thomas Rogers
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Eric T Choi
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Tulane National Primate Research Center, School of Medicine, Tulane University, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, & Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, & Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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91
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A peaceful death orchestrates immune balance in a chaotic environment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:22901-22903. [PMID: 31653759 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1916211116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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92
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Karimi A, Ghodsi R, Kooshki F, Karimi M, Asghariazar V, Tarighat-Esfanjani A. Therapeutic effects of curcumin on sepsis and mechanisms of action: A systematic review of preclinical studies. Phytother Res 2019; 33:2798-2820. [PMID: 31429161 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a complex disease that begins with an infectious disorder and causes excessive immune responses. Curcumin is considered as an active component of turmeric that can improve the condition in sepsis due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched. Searching was not limited to a specific publication period. Only English-language original articles, which had examined the effect of curcumin on sepsis, were included. At first, 1,098 articles were totally found, and 209 articles were selected after excluding duplicated data; 46 articles were remained due to the curcumin effects on sepsis. These included 23 in vitro studies and 23 animal studies. Our results showed that curcumin and various analogs of curcumin can have an inhibitory effect on sepsis-induced complications. Curcumin has the ability to inhibit the inflammatory, oxidative coagulation factors, and regulation of immune responses in sepsis. Despite the promising evidence of the therapeutic effects of curcumin on the sepsis complication, further studies seem necessary to investigate its effect and possible mechanisms of action in human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Karimi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ramin Ghodsi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fateme Kooshki
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mozhdeh Karimi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Asghariazar
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Tarighat-Esfanjani
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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93
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Sprooten J, Ceusters J, Coosemans A, Agostinis P, De Vleeschouwer S, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L, Garg AD. Trial watch: dendritic cell vaccination for cancer immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:e1638212. [PMID: 31646087 PMCID: PMC6791419 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1638212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic- cells (DCs) have received considerable attention as potential targets for the development of anticancer vaccines. DC-based anticancer vaccination relies on patient-derived DCs pulsed with a source of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) in the context of standardized maturation-cocktails, followed by their reinfusion. Extensive evidence has confirmed that DC-based vaccines can generate TAA-specific, cytotoxic T cells. Nonetheless, clinical efficacy of DC-based vaccines remains suboptimal, reflecting the widespread immunosuppression within tumors. Thus, clinical interest is being refocused on DC-based vaccines as combinatorial partners for T cell-targeting immunotherapies. Here, we summarize the most recent preclinical/clinical development of anticancer DC vaccination and discuss future perspectives for DC-based vaccines in immuno-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Sprooten
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) unit, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jolien Ceusters
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, ImmunOvar Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - An Coosemans
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, ImmunOvar Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) unit, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven De Vleeschouwer
- Research Group Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosurgery, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- INSERM, Villejuif, France
- Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Sud/Paris XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Université de Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Abhishek D. Garg
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) unit, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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94
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Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs), a vital component of the innate immune system, are considered to lack antigen specificity and be devoid of immunological memory. Strategies that can induce memory-like responses from innate cells can be utilized to elicit protective immunity in immune deficient persons. Here we utilize an experimental immunization strategy to modulate DC inflammatory and memory-like responses against an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes significant disease in immunocompromised individuals. Our results show that DCs isolated from protectively immunized mice exhibit enhanced transcriptional activation of interferon and immune signaling pathways. We also show long-term memory-like cytokine responses upon subsequent challenge with the fungal pathogen that are abrogated with inhibitors of specific histone modifications. Altogether, our study demonstrates that immunization strategies can be designed to elicit memory-like DC responses against infectious disease. Wormley and colleagues present data showing that vaccine strategies can be devised to prime dendritic cells to respond in a memory-like fashion upon subsequent exposure to a pathogen.
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95
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Traven A, Naderer T. Central metabolic interactions of immune cells and microbes: prospects for defeating infections. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:e47995. [PMID: 31267653 PMCID: PMC6607010 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201947995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial drug resistance is threatening to take us to the "pre-antibiotic era", where people are dying from preventable and treatable diseases and the risk of hospital-associated infections compromises the success of surgery and cancer treatments. Development of new antibiotics is slow, and alternative approaches to control infections have emerged based on insights into metabolic pathways in host-microbe interactions. Central carbon metabolism of immune cells is pivotal in mounting an effective response to invading pathogens, not only to meet energy requirements, but to directly activate antimicrobial responses. Microbes are not passive players here-they remodel their metabolism to survive and grow in host environments. Sometimes, microbes might even benefit from the metabolic reprogramming of immune cells, and pathogens such as Candida albicans, Salmonella Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus can compete with activated host cells for sugars that are needed for essential metabolic pathways linked to inflammatory processes. Here, we discuss how metabolic interactions between innate immune cells and microbes determine their survival during infection, and ways in which metabolism could be manipulated as a therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Traven
- Infection and Immunity Program and the Department of Biochemistry & Molecular BiologyBiomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVic.Australia
| | - Thomas Naderer
- Infection and Immunity Program and the Department of Biochemistry & Molecular BiologyBiomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVic.Australia
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96
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Petit J, Embregts CWE, Forlenza M, Wiegertjes GF. Evidence of Trained Immunity in a Fish: Conserved Features in Carp Macrophages. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 203:216-224. [PMID: 31127029 PMCID: PMC6571502 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Trained immunity is a form of innate immune memory best described in mice and humans. Clear evidence of the evolutionary conservation of trained immunity in teleost fish is lacking. Given the evolutionary position of teleosts as early vertebrates with a fully developed immune system, we hypothesize that teleost myeloid cells show features of trained immunity common to those observed in mammalian macrophages. These would at least include the ability of fish macrophages to mount heightened responses to a secondary stimulus in a nonspecific manner. We established an in vitro model to study trained immunity in fish by adapting a well-described culture system of head kidney-derived macrophages of common carp. A soluble NOD-specific ligand and a soluble β-glucan were used to train carp macrophages, after which cells were rested for 6 d prior to exposure to a secondary stimulus. Unstimulated trained macrophages displayed evidence of metabolic reprogramming as well as heightened phagocytosis and increased expression of the inflammatory cytokines il6 and tnf-α. Stimulated trained macrophages showed heightened production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species as compared with the corresponding stimulated but untrained cells. We discuss the value of our findings for future studies on trained immunity in teleost fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules Petit
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WD Wageningen, the Netherlands; and
| | - Carmen W E Embregts
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WD Wageningen, the Netherlands; and
| | - Maria Forlenza
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WD Wageningen, the Netherlands; and
| | - Geert F Wiegertjes
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WD Wageningen, the Netherlands; and
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WD Wageningen, the Netherlands
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97
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Whittaker E, López-Varela E, Broderick C, Seddon JA. Examining the Complex Relationship Between Tuberculosis and Other Infectious Diseases in Children. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:233. [PMID: 31294001 PMCID: PMC6603259 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions of children are exposed to tuberculosis (TB) each year, many of which become infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Most children can immunologically contain or eradicate the organism without pathology developing. However, in a minority, the organism overcomes the immunological constraints, proliferates and causes TB disease. Each year a million children develop TB disease, with a quarter dying. While it is known that young children and those with immunodeficiencies are at increased risk of progression from TB infection to TB disease, our understanding of risk factors for this transition is limited. The most immunologically disruptive process that can happen during childhood is infection with another pathogen and yet the impact of co-infections on TB risk is poorly investigated. Many diseases have overlapping geographical distributions to TB and affect similar patient populations. It is therefore likely that infection with viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoa may impact on the risk of developing TB disease following exposure and infection, although disentangling correlation and causation is challenging. As vaccinations also disrupt immunological pathways, these may also impact on TB risk. In this article we describe the pediatric immune response to M. tuberculosis and then review the existing evidence of the impact of co-infection with other pathogens, as well as vaccination, on the host response to M. tuberculosis. We focus on the impact of other organisms on the risk of TB disease in children, in particularly evaluating if co-infections drive host immune responses in an age-dependent way. We finally propose priorities for future research in this field. An improved understanding of the impact of co-infections on TB could assist in TB control strategies, vaccine development (for TB vaccines or vaccines for other organisms), TB treatment approaches and TB diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Whittaker
- Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St. Mary's Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa López-Varela
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Claire Broderick
- Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James A. Seddon
- Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St. Mary's Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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98
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Lu Y, Sun Y, Drummer C, Nanayakkara GK, Shao Y, Saaoud F, Johnson C, Zhang R, Yu D, Li X, Yang WY, Yu J, Jiang X, Choi ET, Wang H, Yang X. Increased acetylation of H3K14 in the genomic regions that encode trained immunity enzymes in lysophosphatidylcholine-activated human aortic endothelial cells - Novel qualification markers for chronic disease risk factors and conditional DAMPs. Redox Biol 2019; 24:101221. [PMID: 31153039 PMCID: PMC6543097 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To test our hypothesis that proatherogenic lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) upregulates trained immunity pathways (TIPs) in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs), we conducted an intensive analyses on our RNA-Seq data and histone 3 lysine 14 acetylation (H3K14ac)-CHIP-Seq data, both performed on HAEC treated with LPC. Our analysis revealed that: 1) LPC induces upregulation of three TIPs including glycolysis enzymes (GE), mevalonate enzymes (ME), and acetyl-CoA generating enzymes (ACE); 2) LPC induces upregulation of 29% of 31 histone acetyltransferases, three of which acetylate H3K14; 3) LPC induces H3K14 acetylation (H3K14ac) in the genomic DNA that encodes LPC-induced TIP genes (79%) in comparison to that of in LPC-induced effector genes (43%) including ICAM-1; 4) TIP pathways are significantly different from that of EC activation effectors including adhesion molecule ICAM-1; 5) reactive oxygen species generating enzyme NOX2 deficiency decreases, but antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2 deficiency increases, the expressions of a few TIP genes and EC activation effector genes; and 6) LPC induced TIP genes(81%) favor inter-chromosomal long-range interactions (CLRI, trans-chromatin interaction) while LPC induced effector genes (65%) favor intra-chromosomal CLRIs (cis-chromatin interaction). Our findings demonstrated that proatherogenic lipids upregulate TIPs in HAECs, which are a new category of qualification markers for chronic disease risk factors and conditional DAMPs and potential mechanisms for acute inflammation transition to chronic ones. These novel insights may lead to identifications of new cardiovascular risk factors in upregulating TIPs in cardiovascular cells and novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of metabolic cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, and cancers. (total words: 245).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Lu
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Yu Sun
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Charles Drummer
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Gayani K Nanayakkara
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Ying Shao
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Candice Johnson
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Ruijing Zhang
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Daohai Yu
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Xinyuan Li
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - William Y Yang
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Jun Yu
- Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Eric T Choi
- Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Division of Vascular & Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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99
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Signaling mechanisms inducing hyporesponsiveness of phagocytes during systemic inflammation. Blood 2019; 134:134-146. [PMID: 31076441 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019000320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory responsiveness of phagocytes to exogenous and endogenous stimuli is tightly regulated. This regulation plays an important role in systemic inflammatory response syndromes (SIRSs). In SIRSs, phagocytes initially develop a hyperinflammatory response, followed by a secondary state of hyporesponsiveness, a so-called "tolerance." This hyporesponsiveness can be induced by endotoxin stimulation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), resulting in an ameliorated response after subsequent restimulation. This modification of inflammatory response patterns has been described as innate immune memory. Interestingly, tolerance can also be triggered by endogenous TLR4 ligands, such as the alarmins myeloid-related protein 8 (MRP8, S100A8) and MRP14 (S100A9), under sterile conditions. However, signaling pathways that trigger hyporesponsiveness of phagocytes in clinically relevant diseases are only barely understood. Through our work, we have now identified 2 main signaling cascades that are activated during MRP-induced tolerance of phagocytes. We demonstrate that the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/GSK-3β pathway interferes with NF-κB-driven gene expression and that inhibition of GSK-3β mimics tolerance in vivo. Moreover, we identified interleukin-10-triggered activation of transcription factors STAT3 and BCL-3 as master regulators of MRP-induced tolerance. Accordingly, patients with dominant-negative STAT3 mutations show no tolerance development. In a clinically relevant condition of systemic sterile stress, cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, we confirmed the initial induction of MRP expression and the tolerance induction of monocytes associated with nuclear translocation of STAT3 and BCL-3 as relevant mechanisms. Our data indicate that the use of pharmacological JAK-STAT inhibitors may be promising targets for future therapeutic approaches to prevent complications associated with secondary hyporesponsiveness during SIRS.
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100
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Vinh DC. The molecular immunology of human susceptibility to fungal diseases: lessons from single gene defects of immunity. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2019; 15:461-486. [PMID: 30773066 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2019.1584038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fungal diseases are a threat to human health. Therapies targeting the fungus continue to lead to disappointing results. Strategies targeting the host response represent unexplored opportunities for innovative treatments. To do so rationally requires the identification and neat delineation of critical mechanistic pathways that underpin human antifungal immunity. The study of humans with single-gene defects of the immune system, i.e. inborn errors of immunity (IEIs), provides a foundation for these paradigms. Areas covered: A systematic literature search in PubMed, Scopus, and abstracts of international congresses was performed to review the history of genetic resistance/susceptibility to fungi and identify IEIs associated with fungal diseases. Immunologic mechanisms from relevant IEIs were integrated with current definitions and understandings of mycoses to establish a framework to map out critical immunobiological pathways of human antifungal immunity. Expert opinion: Specific immune responses non-redundantly govern susceptibility to their corresponding mycoses. Defining these molecular pathways will guide the development of host-directed immunotherapies that precisely target distinct fungal diseases. These findings will pave the way for novel strategies in the treatment of these devastating infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald C Vinh
- a Department of Medicine (Division of Infectious Diseases; Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology), Department of Medical Microbiology, Department of Human Genetics , McGill University Health Centre - Research Institute , Montreal , QC , Canada
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