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Guo C, Yang K, Yan Y, Yan D, Cheng Y, Yan X, Qian N, Zhou Q, Chen B, Jiang M, Zhou H, Li C, Wang F, Qi J, Xu X, Deng L. SF-deferoxamine, a bone-seeking angiogenic drug, prevents bone loss in estrogen-deficient mice. Bone 2019; 120:156-165. [PMID: 30385424 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Deferoxamine (DFO) possesses a good chelating capability and is therefore used for the clinical treatment of ion deposition diseases. Increasing evidence shows that DFO can inhibit the activity of proline hydroxylase (PHD) by chelating iron, resulting in hypoxia-induced factor (HIF) signaling activation and angiogenesis promotion. However, clinical evidence indicates that a high concentration of DFO could be biotoxic due to its enrichment in related organs. Thus, we established a new compound by conjugating DFO with the bone-seeking agent iminodiacetic acid (IDA); the new agent is called SF-DFO, and we verified its promotion of HIF activation and tube formation in vivo. After confirming the bone-seeking property of SF-DFO in the femur and vertebra of both male and female mice and comparing it to that of DFO, we analyzed the protective effect of DFO and SF-DFO in an ovariectomized (OVX) mouse model. The serum CTX-I level revealed no influence of DFO and SF-DFO on osteoclast activity, but the blood vessels and osteoblasts in the metaphysis were more abundant after SF-DFO treatment, which resulted in a greater protective effect against trabecular bone loss compared to the DFO group. Additionally, the cortical parameters and bone strength performance were identical between the DFO and SF-DFO groups. However, the diffuse inflammatory response in the liver and spleen that occurred after DFO injection was not observed in the SF-DFO group. Thus, with reduced biotoxicity and an equivalent bone-seeking capability, SF-DFO may be a better choice for the prevention of vascular degradation-induced osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjun Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Orthopedics, Rui Jin North Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 999 Xiwang Road, Shanghai 201801, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yufei Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Dongming Yan
- National Shanghai Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, 199 Guoshoujing Road, China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yifan Cheng
- National Shanghai Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, 199 Guoshoujing Road, China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xueming Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Niandong Qian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hanbing Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Changwei Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jin Qi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Xiangyang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Rui Jin North Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 999 Xiwang Road, Shanghai 201801, China; Department of Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Lianfu Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China.
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Müller AS, Gashi M, Janjić K, Edelmayer M, Moritz A, Agis H. The impact of clay-based hypoxia mimetic hydrogel on human fibroblasts of the periodontal soft tissue. J Biomater Appl 2019; 33:1277-1284. [PMID: 30760093 DOI: 10.1177/0885328218821042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Thixotropic clays have favorable properties for tissue regeneration. Hypoxia mimetic agents showed promising results in pre-clinical models for hard and soft tissue regeneration. It is unclear if clays can be used as carrier for hypoxia mimetic agent in a periodontal regenerative setting. Here, we tested the response of human fibroblasts of the periodontal soft tissue to synthetic clay hydrogels and assessed hypoxia mimetic agent release. Cells were cultured on synthetic clay hydrogels (5.00%-0.15%). We assessed viability and differentiation capacity with resazurin-based toxicity assays, MTT staining, Live-Dead staining, and alkaline phosphatase staining. To reveal the response of fibroblasts to hypoxia mimetic agent-loaded clay hydrogels, cells were exposed to clay supplemented with dimethyloxalylglycine, deferoxamine, l-mimosine, and CoCl2. Supernatants from hypoxia mimetic agent-loaded clay hydrogels were harvested and replaced with medium at hour 1, 3, 6, 24, 48, and 72. To reveal the hypoxia mimetic capacity of supernatants, vascular endothelial growth factor production in the fibroblasts was assessed in the culture medium. Our data show that clay did not induce relevant toxic effects in the fibroblasts which remained capable to differentiate into alkaline phosphatase-positive cells at the relevant concentrations. Fibroblasts cultured on clay hydrogel loaded with dimethyloxalylglycine, deferoxamine, l-mimosine, and CoCl2 remained vital, however, no significant increase in vascular endothelial growth factor levels was found in the culture medium. Only dimethyloxalylglycine-loaded clay supernatants taken in the first hours stimulated vascular endothelial growth factor production in fibroblasts. In conclusion no pronounced toxic effects of synthetic clay were observed. Supplementation with dimethyloxalylglycine leads to hypoxia mimetic activity. This pilot study provides first insights into the impact of synthetic clay on periodontal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sonja Müller
- 1 Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,2 Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Milot Gashi
- 1 Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,2 Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klara Janjić
- 1 Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,2 Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Edelmayer
- 2 Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.,3 Department of Oral Surgery, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Moritz
- 1 Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,2 Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hermann Agis
- 1 Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,2 Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We reviewed recent literature on oxygen sensing in osteogenic cells and its contribution to development of a skeletal phenotype, the coupling of osteogenesis with angiogenesis and integration of hypoxia into canonical Wnt signaling, and opportunities to manipulate oxygen sensing to promote skeletal repair. RECENT FINDINGS Oxygen sensing in osteocytes can confer a high bone mass phenotype in murine models; common and unique targets of HIF-1α and HIF-2α and lineage-specific deletion of oxygen sensing machinery suggest differentia utilization and requirement of HIF-α proteins in the differentiation from mesenchymal stem cell to osteoblast to osteocyte; oxygen-dependent but HIF-α-independent signaling may contribute to observed skeletal phenotypes. Manipulating oxygen sensing machinery in osteogenic cells influences skeletal phenotype through angiogenesis-dependent and angiogenesis-independent pathways and involves HIF-1α, HIF-2α, or both proteins. Clinically, an FDA-approved iron chelator promotes angiogenesis and osteogenesis, thereby enhancing the rate of fracture repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare E Yellowley
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Damian C Genetos
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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Yan Y, Chen H, Zhang H, Guo C, Yang K, Chen K, Cheng R, Qian N, Sandler N, Zhang YS, Shen H, Qi J, Cui W, Deng L. Vascularized 3D printed scaffolds for promoting bone regeneration. Biomaterials 2019; 190-191:97-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Urlaub KM, Lynn JV, Carey EG, Nelson NS, Polyatskaya Y, Donneys A, Mazzoli AC, Buchman SR. Histologic Improvements in Irradiated Bone Through Pharmaceutical Intervention in Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 76:2660-2668. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Deferoxamine but Not Dimethyloxalylglycine, L-Mimosine, or Cobalt Dichloride Can Interfere with the MTT Assay. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5872865. [PMID: 30581861 PMCID: PMC6276496 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5872865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia mimetic agents (HMAs) have been shown to have a positive influence on cellular functions in a multitude of tissue regenerative strategies. Novel experimental approaches use biomaterials as carriers for controlled delivery of these HMAs. Here, the cytotoxic aspects of biocompatibility are of key relevance. The MTT assay is widely used to evaluate cytotoxicity and proliferation. Based on the implications from the proceeding research we hypothesized that specific HMAs such as deferoxamine at high concentrations can interfere with the MTT assay. Thus, the aim of this study was to test the repercussions of the HMAs dimethyloxalylglycine, deferoxamine, L-mimosine, and CoCl2 on the validity of the MTT assay. Murine MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in serum-free alphaMEM and in alphaMEM supplemented with 10 % fetal bovine serum with the HMAs dimethyloxalylglycine, deferoxamine, L-mimosine, and CoCl2, respectively, at 3 mM-0.3 mM for 24 h (experimental groups). Cells without HMAs served as control (control groups). The same experiments were performed with medium and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) without cells. In all settings MTT solution was added to PBS-washed or unwashed culture plates for the last two hours of the incubation period. Then MTT solution was removed and dimethyl sulfoxide was added to dissolve the formazan crystals and absorption was measured. Our data show that the presence of deferoxamine can interfere with the MTT assay if not removed before the addition of MTT. This is particularly important when evaluating cell viability in setups where deferoxamine-loaded biomaterials are used.
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Loots GG, Robling AG, Chang JC, Murugesh DK, Bajwa J, Carlisle C, Manilay JO, Wong A, Yellowley CE, Genetos DC. Vhl deficiency in osteocytes produces high bone mass and hematopoietic defects. Bone 2018; 116:307-314. [PMID: 30172741 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tissue oxygen (O2) levels vary during development and disease; adaptations to decreased O2 (hypoxia) are mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) transcription factors. HIFs are active in the skeleton, and stabilizing HIF-α isoforms cause high bone mass (HBM) phenotypes. A fundamental limitation of previous studies examining the obligate role for HIF-α isoforms in the skeleton involves the persistence of gene deletion as osteolineage cells differentiate into osteocytes. Because osteocytes orchestrate skeletal development and homeostasis, we evaluated the influence of Vhl or Hif1a disruption in osteocytes. Osteocytic Vhl deletion caused HBM phenotype, but Hif1a was dispensable in osteocytes. Vhl cKO mice revealed enhanced canonical Wnt signaling. B cell development was reduced while myelopoiesis increased in osteocytic Vhl cKO, revealing a novel influence of Vhl/HIF-α function in osteocytes on maintenance of bone microarchitecture via canonical Wnt signaling and effects on hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela G Loots
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Livermore, CA, USA; Molecular Cell Biology Unit, School of Natural Sciences, UC Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Alexander G Robling
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jiun C Chang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Livermore, CA, USA; Molecular Cell Biology Unit, School of Natural Sciences, UC Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Deepa K Murugesh
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Jamila Bajwa
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, School of Natural Sciences, UC Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Cameron Carlisle
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, School of Natural Sciences, UC Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer O Manilay
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, School of Natural Sciences, UC Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Alice Wong
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Clare E Yellowley
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Damian C Genetos
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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Efird WM, Fletcher AG, Draeger RW, Spang JT, Dahners LE, Weinhold PS. Deferoxamine-Soaked Suture Improves Angiogenesis and Repair Potential After Acute Injury of the Chicken Achilles Tendon. Orthop J Sports Med 2018; 6:2325967118802792. [PMID: 30370309 PMCID: PMC6201186 DOI: 10.1177/2325967118802792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A major obstacle to the treatment of soft tissue injuries is the hypovascular
nature of the tissues. Deferoxamine (DFO) has been shown to stimulate
angiogenesis by limiting the degradation of intracellular hypoxia-inducible
factor 1–alpha. Hypothesis: DFO-saturated suture would induce angiogenesis and improve the markers of
early healing in an Achilles tendon repair model. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Broiler hens were randomly assigned to the control (CTL) group or DFO group
(n = 9 per group). The right Achilles tendon was partially transected at its
middle third. The defect was surgically repaired using 3-0 Vicryl suture
soaked in either sterile water (CTL group) or 324 mM DFO solution (DFO
group). All animals were euthanized 2 weeks after the injury, and the tendon
was harvested. Half of the tendon was used to evaluate angiogenesis via
hemoglobin content and tissue repair via DNA content and proteoglycan (PG)
content. The other half of the tendon was sectioned and stained with
hematoxylin and eosin, safranin O, and lectin to evaluate vessel
density. Results: Hemoglobin content (percentage of wet tissue weight) was significantly
increased in the DFO group compared with the CTL group (0.081 ± 0.012 vs
0.063 ± 0.016, respectively; P = .046). DNA content
(percentage of wet tissue weight) was also significantly increased in the
DFO group compared with the CTL group (0.31 ± 0.05 vs 0.23 ± 0.03,
respectively; P = .024). PG content (percentage of wet
tissue weight) was significantly decreased in the DFO group compared with
the CTL group (0.26 ± 0.02 vs 0.33 ± 0.08, respectively; P
= .035). Total chondroid area (number of vessels per mm2 of
tissue area evaluated) was significantly decreased in the DFO group compared
with the CTL group (17.2 ± 6.6 vs 24.6 ± 5.1, respectively;
P = .038). Articular zone vessel density
(vessels/mm2) was significantly increased in the DFO group
compared with the CTL group (7.1 ± 2.5 vs 2.1 ± 0.9, respectively;
P = .026). Conclusion: The significant increase in hemoglobin content as well as articular zone
vessel density in the DFO group compared with the CTL group is evidence of
increased angiogenesis in the fibrocartilaginous region of the tendon
exposed to DFO. The DFO group also displayed a significantly greater level
of DNA and significantly lower level of PG, suggesting enhanced early
healing by fibrous tissue formation. Clinical Relevance: Stimulating angiogenesis by DFO-saturated suture may be clinically useful to
improve healing of poorly vascularized tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Efird
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alex G Fletcher
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Reid W Draeger
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Spang
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Laurence E Dahners
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paul S Weinhold
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) protein antagonist, VH298, promotes functional activities of tendon-derived stem cells and accelerates healing of entheses in rats by inhibiting ubiquitination of hydroxy-HIF-1α. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 505:1063-1069. [PMID: 30314704 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Enthesis is the region where a tendon attaches to a bone. It is a relatively vulnerable position, and in most cases surgical treatment is required upon rupture. The reconstructed enthesis is usually weaker compared to the original, and is prone to rupture again. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α (HIF-1α) is known to be involved in extensive activities in cells. It is inhibited under normoxic conditions, and undergoes two essential processes, hydroxylation and ubiquitination, the latter of which has been largely unexplored. Herein, we measured the levels of HIF-1α and hydroxy-HIF-1α in VH298-treated rat tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) by immunoblotting. We also detected the proliferation of TDSCs using CCK-8 assay and the mRNA levels of related genes by quantitative RT-PCR. The TDSCs were observed to be induced and the chondrogenic differentiation related genes were found to be enhanced. We also simulated in-vitro wounding in a scratch test and reconstructed the enthesis in a rat model of Achilles tendon by classical surgery followed by administration of phosphate buffer saline (PBS) injection or VH298 injection. We observed that HIF-1α and hydroxy-HIF-1α levels were increased in VH298-treated TDSCs in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Thirty micromolar VH298 could significantly increase cell proliferation, migration, and expression of collagen-1α, collagen-3α, decorin, tenomodulin, tenascin C genes, and chondrogenic differentiation-related genes, collagen-2α, SRY-box9, aggrecan. VH298-treated enthesis could tolerate more load-to-failure, had a better healing pattern, and activation of HIF signaling pathway. VH298 can thus enhance the functional activities of TDSCs, enhance their chondrogenic differentiation potential, and accelerate enthesis healing by inhibiting the ubiquitination of hydroxy-HIF-1α.
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60
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Ho-Shui-Ling A, Bolander J, Rustom LE, Johnson AW, Luyten FP, Picart C. Bone regeneration strategies: Engineered scaffolds, bioactive molecules and stem cells current stage and future perspectives. Biomaterials 2018; 180:143-162. [PMID: 30036727 PMCID: PMC6710094 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 478] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bone fractures are the most common traumatic injuries in humans. The repair of bone fractures is a regenerative process that recapitulates many of the biological events of embryonic skeletal development. Most of the time it leads to successful healing and the recovery of the damaged bone. Unfortunately, about 5-10% of fractures will lead to delayed healing or non-union, more so in the case of co-morbidities such as diabetes. In this article, we review the different strategies to heal bone defects using synthetic bone graft substitutes, biologically active substances and stem cells. The majority of currently available reviews focus on strategies that are still at the early stages of development and use mostly in vitro experiments with cell lines or stem cells. Here, we focus on what is already implemented in the clinics, what is currently in clinical trials, and what has been tested in animal models. Treatment approaches can be classified in three major categories: i) synthetic bone graft substitutes (BGS) whose architecture and surface can be optimized; ii) BGS combined with bioactive molecules such as growth factors, peptides or small molecules targeting bone precursor cells, bone formation and metabolism; iii) cell-based strategies with progenitor cells combined or not with active molecules that can be injected or seeded on BGS for improved delivery. We review the major types of adult stromal cells (bone marrow, adipose and periosteum derived) that have been used and compare their properties. Finally, we discuss the remaining challenges that need to be addressed to significantly improve the healing of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antalya Ho-Shui-Ling
- Grenoble Institute of Technology, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS, LMGP, 3 Parvis Louis Néel, 38031 Grenoble Cedex 01, France
| | - Johanna Bolander
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laurence E Rustom
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 West Springfield Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Amy Wagoner Johnson
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61081, USA; Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Frank P Luyten
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Catherine Picart
- Grenoble Institute of Technology, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS, LMGP, 3 Parvis Louis Néel, 38031 Grenoble Cedex 01, France.
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Stegen S, Carmeliet G. The skeletal vascular system - Breathing life into bone tissue. Bone 2018; 115:50-58. [PMID: 28844835 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
During bone development, homeostasis and repair, a dense vascular system provides oxygen and nutrients to highly anabolic skeletal cells. Characteristic for the vascular system in bone is the serial organization of two capillary systems, each typified by specific morphological and physiological features. Especially the arterial capillaries mediate the growth of the bone vascular system, serve as a niche for skeletal and hematopoietic progenitors and couple angiogenesis to osteogenesis. Endothelial cells and osteoprogenitor cells interact not only physically, but also communicate to each other by secretion of growth factors. A vital angiogenic growth factor is vascular endothelial growth factor and its expression in skeletal cells is controlled by osteogenic transcription factors and hypoxia signaling, whereas the secretion of angiocrine factors by endothelial cells is regulated by Notch signaling, blood flow and possibly hypoxia. Bone loss and impaired fracture repair are often associated with reduced and disorganized blood vessel network and therapeutic targeting of the angiogenic response may contribute to enhanced bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Stegen
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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62
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Ramirez‐Garcia‐Luna JL, Wong TH, Chan D, Al‐Saran Y, Awlia A, Abou‐Rjeili M, Ouellet S, Akoury E, Lemarié CA, Henderson JE, Martineau PA. Defective bone repair in diclofenac treated C57Bl6 mice with and without lipopolysaccharide induced systemic inflammation. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:3078-3087. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose L. Ramirez‐Garcia‐Luna
- Bone Engineering LabsInjury, Repair & Recovery Program, Research Institute‐McGill University Health CentreMontreal Québec Canada
- Experimental SurgeryFaculty of Medicine, McGill UniversityMontreal Québec Canada
| | - Timothy H. Wong
- Bone Engineering LabsInjury, Repair & Recovery Program, Research Institute‐McGill University Health CentreMontreal Québec Canada
- Biotechnology Program, University of British ColumbiaVancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Daniel Chan
- Bone Engineering LabsInjury, Repair & Recovery Program, Research Institute‐McGill University Health CentreMontreal Québec Canada
- Biotechnology Program, University of British ColumbiaVancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Yazeed Al‐Saran
- Bone Engineering LabsInjury, Repair & Recovery Program, Research Institute‐McGill University Health CentreMontreal Québec Canada
- Experimental SurgeryFaculty of Medicine, McGill UniversityMontreal Québec Canada
| | - Ayman Awlia
- Bone Engineering LabsInjury, Repair & Recovery Program, Research Institute‐McGill University Health CentreMontreal Québec Canada
- Experimental SurgeryFaculty of Medicine, McGill UniversityMontreal Québec Canada
| | - Mira Abou‐Rjeili
- Bone Engineering LabsInjury, Repair & Recovery Program, Research Institute‐McGill University Health CentreMontreal Québec Canada
- Experimental MedicineFaculty of MedicineMcGill UniversityMontreal Québec Canada
| | - Suzie Ouellet
- Bone Engineering LabsInjury, Repair & Recovery Program, Research Institute‐McGill University Health CentreMontreal Québec Canada
| | - Elie Akoury
- Experimental SurgeryFaculty of Medicine, McGill UniversityMontreal Québec Canada
| | - Catherine A. Lemarié
- Experimental MedicineFaculty of MedicineMcGill UniversityMontreal Québec Canada
- The Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill UniversityMontreal Québec Canada
| | - Janet E. Henderson
- Bone Engineering LabsInjury, Repair & Recovery Program, Research Institute‐McGill University Health CentreMontreal Québec Canada
- Experimental SurgeryFaculty of Medicine, McGill UniversityMontreal Québec Canada
| | - Paul A. Martineau
- Bone Engineering LabsInjury, Repair & Recovery Program, Research Institute‐McGill University Health CentreMontreal Québec Canada
- Experimental SurgeryFaculty of Medicine, McGill UniversityMontreal Québec Canada
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63
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Yao Q, Liu Y, Selvaratnam B, Koodali RT, Sun H. Mesoporous silicate nanoparticles/3D nanofibrous scaffold-mediated dual-drug delivery for bone tissue engineering. J Control Release 2018; 279:69-78. [PMID: 29649529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Controlled delivery systems play a critical role in the success of bone morphogenetic proteins (i.e., BMP2 and BMP7) for challenged bone repair. Instead of single-drug release that is currently and commonly prevalent, dual-drug delivery strategies are highly desired to achieve effective bone regeneration because natural bone repair process is driven by multiple factors. Particularly, angiogenesis is essential for osteogenesis and requires more than just one factor (e.g., Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, VEGF). Therefore, we developed a novel mesoporous silicate nanoparticles (MSNs) incorporated-3D nanofibrous gelatin (GF) scaffold for dual-delivery of BMP2 and deferoxamine (DFO). DFO is a hypoxia-mimetic drug that can activate hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), and trigger subsequent angiogenesis. Sustained BMP2 release system was achieved through encapsulation into large-pored MSNs, while the relative short-term release of DFO was engineered through covalent conjugation with chitosan to reduce its cytotoxicity and elongate its half-life. Both MSNs and DFO were incorporated onto a porous 3D GF scaffold to serve as a biomimetic osteogenic microenvironment. Our data indicated that DFO and BMP2 were released from a scaffold at different release rates (10 vs 28 days) yet maintained their angiogenic and osteogenic ability, respectively. Importantly, our data indicated that the released DFO significantly improved BMP2-induced osteogenic differentiation where the dose/duration was important for its effects in both mouse and human stem cell models. Thus, we developed a novel and tunable MSNs/GF 3D scaffold-mediated dual-drug delivery system and studied the potential application of the both FDA-approved DFO and BMP2 for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, BioSNTR, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, USA; School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Institute of Advanced Materials for Nano-Bio Applications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yangxi Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, BioSNTR, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, USA
| | - Balaranjan Selvaratnam
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark Street, Vermillion 57069, SD, USA
| | - Ranjit T Koodali
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark Street, Vermillion 57069, SD, USA
| | - Hongli Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, BioSNTR, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, USA.
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64
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Drager J, Ramirez-GarciaLuna JL, Kumar A, Gbureck U, Harvey EJ, Barralet JE. Hypoxia Biomimicry to Enhance Monetite Bone Defect Repair. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:1372-1381. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Drager
- Division of Orthopaedics, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Abhishek Kumar
- Division of Orthopaedics, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Uwe Gbureck
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Edward J. Harvey
- Division of Orthopaedics, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
- Bone Engineering Labs, Research Institute-McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jake E. Barralet
- Division of Orthopaedics, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
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65
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Shangguan WJ, Zhang YH, Li ZC, Tang LM, Shao J, Li H. Naringin inhibits vascular endothelial cell apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress‑ and mitochondrial‑mediated pathways and promotes intraosseous angiogenesis in ovariectomized rats. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:1741-1749. [PMID: 29039439 PMCID: PMC5716435 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, to investigate the effects of naringin on vascular endothelial cell (VEC) function, proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis, rat VECs were cultured in vitro and randomly divided into four groups: control, serum‑starved, low‑concentration naringin treatment, and high‑concentration naringin treatment. MTT assay was used to detect cell proliferation while Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometry were used to detect apoptosis. Changes in the expression of apoptosis‑associated proteins [GRP78, CHOP, caspase‑12, and cytochrome c (Cyt.c)] were detected using western blotting. JC‑1 staining was employed to detect changes in mitochondrial membrane potential. Intracellular caspase‑3, ‑8, and ‑9 activity was determined by spectrophotometry. ELISA was used to detect endothelin (ET), and a Griess assay was used to detect changes in the expression of nitric oxide (NO) in culture medium. The study further divided an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model of osteoporosis randomly into four groups: OVX, sham‑operated, low‑concentration naringin treatment (100 mg/kg), and high‑concentration naringin treatment (200 mg/kg). After 3 months of treatment, changes in serum ET and NO expression, bone mineral density (BMD), and microvessel density of the distal femur (using CD34 labeling of VECs) were determined. At each concentration, naringin promoted VEC proliferation in a time‑ and dose‑dependent manner. Naringin also significantly reduced serum starvation‑induced apoptosis in endothelial cells, inhibited the expression of GRP78, CHOP, caspase‑12, and Cyt.c proteins, and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential as well as reduced the activities of caspase‑3 and ‑9. Furthermore, naringin suppressed ET in vitro and in vivo while enhancing NO synthesis. Distal femoral microvascular density assessment showed that the naringin treatment groups had a significantly higher number of microvessels than the OVX group, and that microvascular density was positively correlated with BMD. In summary, naringin inhibits apoptosis in VECs by blocking the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress‑ and mitochondrial‑mediated pathways. Naringin also regulates endothelial cell function and promotes angiogenesis to exert its anti‑osteoporotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ji Shangguan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Hui Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Zhan-Chun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Lu-Min Tang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Shao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - He Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
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66
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Müller AS, Janjić K, Lilaj B, Edelmayer M, Agis H. Hypoxia-based strategies for regenerative dentistry—Views from the different dental fields. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 81:121-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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67
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Glucocorticoids promote Von Hippel Lindau degradation and Hif-1α stabilization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:9948-9953. [PMID: 28851829 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1705338114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC) and hypoxic transcriptional responses play a central role in tissue homeostasis and regulate the cellular response to stress and inflammation, highlighting the potential for cross-talk between these two signaling pathways. We present results from an unbiased in vivo chemical screen in zebrafish that identifies GCs as activators of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) in the liver. GCs activated consensus hypoxia response element (HRE) reporters in a glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-dependent manner. Importantly, GCs activated HIF transcriptional responses in a zebrafish mutant line harboring a point mutation in the GR DNA-binding domain, suggesting a nontranscriptional route for GR to activate HIF signaling. We noted that GCs increase the transcription of several key regulators of glucose metabolism that contain HREs, suggesting a role for GC/HIF cross-talk in regulating glucose homeostasis. Importantly, we show that GCs stabilize HIF protein in intact human liver tissue and isolated hepatocytes. We find that GCs limit the expression of Von Hippel Lindau protein (pVHL), a negative regulator of HIF, and that treatment with the c-src inhibitor PP2 rescued this effect, suggesting a role for GCs in promoting c-src-mediated proteosomal degradation of pVHL. Our data support a model for GCs to stabilize HIF through activation of c-src and subsequent destabilization of pVHL.
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68
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Hulley PA, Bishop T, Vernet A, Schneider JE, Edwards JR, Athanasou NA, Knowles HJ. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha does not regulate osteoclastogenesis but enhances bone resorption activity via prolyl-4-hydroxylase 2. J Pathol 2017; 242:322-333. [PMID: 28418093 PMCID: PMC5518186 DOI: 10.1002/path.4906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenic-angiogenic coupling is promoted by the hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) transcription factor, provoking interest in HIF activation as a therapeutic strategy to improve osteoblast mineralization and treat pathological osteolysis. However, HIF also enhances the bone-resorbing activity of mature osteoclasts. It is therefore essential to determine the full effect(s) of HIF on both the formation and the bone-resorbing function of osteoclasts in order to understand how they might respond to such a strategy. Expression of HIF-1α mRNA and protein increased during osteoclast differentiation from CD14+ monocytic precursors, additionally inducing expression of the HIF-regulated glycolytic enzymes. However, HIF-1α siRNA only moderately affected osteoclast differentiation, accelerating fusion of precursor cells. HIF induction by inhibition of the regulatory prolyl-4-hydroxylase (PHD) enzymes reduced osteoclastogenesis, but was confirmed to enhance bone resorption by mature osteoclasts. Phd2+/- murine osteoclasts also exhibited enhanced bone resorption, associated with increased expression of resorption-associated Acp5, in comparison with wild-type cells from littermate controls. Phd3-/- bone marrow precursors displayed accelerated early fusion, mirroring results with HIF-1α siRNA. In vivo, Phd2+/- and Phd3-/- mice exhibited reduced trabecular bone mass, associated with reduced mineralization by Phd2+/- osteoblasts. These data indicate that HIF predominantly functions as a regulator of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, with little effect on osteoclast differentiation. Inhibition of HIF might therefore represent an alternative strategy to treat diseases characterized by pathological levels of osteolysis. © 2017 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa A Hulley
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tammie Bishop
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Aude Vernet
- BHF Experimental MR Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - James R Edwards
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nick A Athanasou
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen J Knowles
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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69
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Miclau KR, Brazina SA, Bahney CS, Hankenson KD, Hunt TK, Marcucio RS, Miclau T. Stimulating Fracture Healing in Ischemic Environments: Does Oxygen Direct Stem Cell Fate during Fracture Healing? Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:45. [PMID: 28523266 PMCID: PMC5416746 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone fractures represent an enormous societal and economic burden as one of the most prevalent causes of disability worldwide. Each year, nearly 15 million people are affected by fractures in the United States alone. Data indicate that the blood supply is critical for fracture healing; as data indicate that concomitant bone and vascular injury are major risk factors for non-union. However, the various role(s) that the vasculature plays remains speculative. Fracture stabilization dictates stem cell fate choices during repair. In stabilized fractures stem cells differentiate directly into osteoblasts and heal the injury by intramembranous ossification. In contrast, in non-stable fractures stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes and the bone heals through endochondral ossification, where a cartilage template transforms into bone as the chondrocytes transform into osteoblasts. One suggested role of the vasculature has been to participate in the stem cell fate decisions due to delivery of oxygen. In stable fractures, the blood vessels are thought to remain intact and promote osteogenesis, while in non-stable fractures, continual disruption of the vasculature creates hypoxia that favors formation of cartilage, which is avascular. However, recent data suggests that non-stable fractures are more vascularized than stable fractures, that oxygen does not appear associated with differentiation of stem cells into chondrocytes and osteoblasts, that cartilage is not hypoxic, and that oxygen, not sustained hypoxia, is required for angiogenesis. These unexpected results, which contrast other published studies, are indicative of the need to better understand the complex, spatio-temporal regulation of vascularization and oxygenation in fracture healing. This work has also revealed that oxygen, along with the promotion of angiogenesis, may be novel adjuvants that can stimulate healing in select patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Miclau
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of CaliforniaSan Francisco, CA, USA.,Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, Orthopaedic Trauma InstituteSan Francisco, CA, USA.,Harvard CollegeCambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sloane A Brazina
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of CaliforniaSan Francisco, CA, USA.,Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, Orthopaedic Trauma InstituteSan Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chelsea S Bahney
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of CaliforniaSan Francisco, CA, USA.,Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, Orthopaedic Trauma InstituteSan Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kurt D Hankenson
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science and Department of Physiology, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas K Hunt
- Department of Surgery, University of CaliforniaSan Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ralph S Marcucio
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of CaliforniaSan Francisco, CA, USA.,Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, Orthopaedic Trauma InstituteSan Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Theodore Miclau
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of CaliforniaSan Francisco, CA, USA.,Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, Orthopaedic Trauma InstituteSan Francisco, CA, USA
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70
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Al-Habbal D, Janjić K, Edelmayer M, Moritz A, Agis H. Collagen barrier membranes do not adsorb hypoxia mimetic activity-Activity of gingival fibroblasts cultured directly on collagen barrier membranes loaded with hypoxia mimetic agents. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2017; 106:874-879. [PMID: 28419698 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-based strategies for applications in oral surgery and periodontology have been proposed where collagen barrier membranes (CBM) are loaded with hypoxia mimetic agents (HMA) to induce a pro-angiogenic response. While it was found that CBM release HMA, it remained unclear if CBM adsorb HMA activity. Here we evaluated the response of oral cells cultured on CBM, supplemented with the HMA dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG), desferrioxamine (DFO), and l-mimosine (l-MIM). Gingival fibroblasts (GF) were cultured on unwashed CBM as well as on CBM that had been washed with serum-free medium for 48 hours. The pro-angiogenic response was measured based on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production. Viability and proliferation were assessed based on MTT and BrdU assays. We found that GF seeded onto CBM loaded with DFO and l-MIM, but not DMOG, showed an increase in VEGF to 6.1-fold and 7.7-fold compared to unloaded CBM, respectively. Cells remained vital, but a trend for decreased proliferation was observed on DMOG and DFO-loaded CBM which did not reach the level of significance. Evaluation of washed CBM revealed no difference between the unloaded CBM and CBM supplemented with DMOG, DFO, or l-MIM. In conclusion, our results suggest that CBM do not adsorb hypoxia mimetic activity but release HMA within the first hours. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 874-879, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Al-Habbal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Austria
| | - Klara Janjić
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Austria
| | - Michael Edelmayer
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Austria.,Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Moritz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Austria
| | - Hermann Agis
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Austria
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71
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Edelmayer M, Al-Habbal D, Pensch M, Janjić K, Agis H. Effect of prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor-loaded collagen barrier membranes on osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis. J Biomater Appl 2017; 31:1370-1379. [PMID: 28376673 DOI: 10.1177/0885328217702563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors induce a proangiogenic response and are therefore proposed to optimize regenerative approaches in periodontics and oral surgery. Here the effect of the prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors dimethyloxalylglycine and deferoxamine, released from collagen barrier membranes, on osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis was evaluated. Collagen barrier membranes were loaded with dimethyloxalylglycine and deferoxamine. Release studies were performed and supernatants were taken after 1, 3, 6, 24, and 48 h. The effect of these supernatants on osteoblast- and osteoclast-precursor cells was evaluated. Furthermore, dose response studies for dimethyloxalylglycine and deferoxamine were performed. Osteoclastogenesis was evaluated with RAW 264.7 cells based on the number of multinuclear tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase positive cells. Osteoblastogenesis was evaluated with MC3T3-E1 cells based on alkaline phosphatase. Metabolic activity and cell proliferation were assessed based on MTT and BrdU assays. Vascular endothelial growth factor production was evaluated using an immunoassay. We found that supernatants taken in the first hour from collagen barrier membranes loaded with dimethyloxalylglycine or deferoxamine reduced osteoclastogenesis. Osteoblastogenesis was not reduced significantly. Cell proliferation and metabolic activity of RAW 264.7 and MC3T3-E1 cells were inhibited by supernatants of collagen barrier membranes loaded with deferoxamine but not dimethyloxalylglycine. In RAW 264.7 cell culture, vascular endothelial growth factor production was increased only by supernatants of collagen barrier membranes loaded with dimethyloxalylglycine, but not deferoxamine. In MC3T3-E1 cell culture, supernatants of collagen barrier membranes loaded with dimethyloxalylglycine and deferoxamine both increased vascular endothelial growth factor production. Direct measurements showed that the majority of dimethyloxalylglycine and deferoxamine is released in the first hours. Dose-response studies supported the divergent effects of deferoxamine and dimethyloxalylglycine in RAW 264.7 and MC3T3-E1 cultures. Our findings show diverse effects of dimethyloxalylglycine- and deferoxamine-loaded collagen barrier membranes during osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis. Preclinical studies will reveal if the increase in vascular endothelial growth factor together with the inhibitory effect on osteoclasts can stimulate oral tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Edelmayer
- 1 Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Diana Al-Habbal
- 2 Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuela Pensch
- 1 Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,2 Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klara Janjić
- 2 Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hermann Agis
- 2 Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Abstract
The rising incidence of metabolic diseases worldwide has prompted renewed interest in the study of intermediary metabolism and cellular bioenergetics. The application of modern biochemical methods for quantitating fuel substrate metabolism with advanced mouse genetic approaches has greatly increased understanding of the mechanisms that integrate energy metabolism in the whole organism. Examination of the intermediary metabolism of skeletal cells has been sparked by a series of unanticipated observations in genetically modified mice that suggest the existence of novel endocrine pathways through which bone cells communicate their energy status to other centers of metabolic control. The recognition of this expanded role of the skeleton has in turn led to new lines of inquiry directed at defining the fuel requirements and bioenergetic properties of bone cells. This article provides a comprehensive review of historical and contemporary studies on the metabolic properties of bone cells and the mechanisms that control energy substrate utilization and bioenergetics. Special attention is devoted to identifying gaps in our current understanding of this new area of skeletal biology that will require additional research to better define the physiological significance of skeletal cell bioenergetics in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Riddle
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and The Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Thomas L Clemens
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and The Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
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73
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Zhang Q, Oh JH, Park CH, Baek JH, Ryoo HM, Woo KM. Effects of Dimethyloxalylglycine-Embedded Poly(ε-caprolactone) Fiber Meshes on Wound Healing in Diabetic Rats. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:7950-7963. [PMID: 28211272 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b15815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Impaired wound healing in diabetic patients is associated with altered inflammatory responses, poor angiogenesis, deficient extracellular matrix (ECM) component, and peripheral neuropathy. To develop a wound dressing that is capable of the controlled delivery of bioactive small molecules that can improve diabetic wound healing, dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG)-embedded poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) fiber (PCLF/DMOG) meshes are fabricated by electrospinning, and the effects of the PCLF/DMOG meshes on wound healing in diabetic rats are evaluated. Electrospun PCLF/DMOG meshes increase not only the wound closure, re-epithelialization ratio, epithelial maturation (K-10-positive epidermis), and collagen-positive area but also the numbers of angiogenic marker (CD-31)-positive and neuronal marker (neurofilament)-positive cells compared to PCLF (p < 0.05). In in vitro examinations, RAW264.7 macrophages grown on PCLF/DMOG meshes enhance the expression of growth factors (IGF-1, HB-EGF, and NGF) and anti-inflammatory factors (TGF-β1 and IL-4) but decrease that of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β and IL-6). Keratinocyte migration is increased by conditioned media from the cultures of the macrophages grown either in the presence of DMOG or on PCLF/DMOG. Collectively, these results indicate that PCLF/DMOG meshes promote impaired wound healing in diabetic rats by modulating macrophage responses, enhancing angiogenesis and nerve innervation, and improving ECM synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiankun Zhang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Dental Research Institute and BK21 Program, School of Dentistry, and ‡Department of Pharmacology & Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Joung-Hwan Oh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Dental Research Institute and BK21 Program, School of Dentistry, and ‡Department of Pharmacology & Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Ho Park
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Dental Research Institute and BK21 Program, School of Dentistry, and ‡Department of Pharmacology & Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Baek
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Dental Research Institute and BK21 Program, School of Dentistry, and ‡Department of Pharmacology & Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Mo Ryoo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Dental Research Institute and BK21 Program, School of Dentistry, and ‡Department of Pharmacology & Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Mi Woo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Dental Research Institute and BK21 Program, School of Dentistry, and ‡Department of Pharmacology & Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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74
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Kuroyanagi G, Tokuda H, Yamamoto N, Kainuma S, Fujita K, Ohguchi R, Matsushima-Nishiwaki R, Kozawa O, Otsuka T. Attenuation of prostaglandin E1-induced osteoprotegerin synthesis in osteoblasts by normoxic HIF inducers. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:1847-1852. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Li H, Luo B, Wen W, Zhou C, Tian L, Ramakrishna S. Deferoxamine immobilized poly(D,L-lactide) membrane via polydopamine adhesive coating: The influence on mouse embryo osteoblast precursor cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 70:701-709. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Yao Q, Liu Y, Tao J, Baumgarten KM, Sun H. Hypoxia-Mimicking Nanofibrous Scaffolds Promote Endogenous Bone Regeneration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:32450-32459. [PMID: 27809470 PMCID: PMC5293171 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b10538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing biomimetic materials to potentiate endogenous cell growth or signaling is superior to relying on exogenous cells or signals for bone formation. Desferoxamine (DFO), which is a hypoxia-mimetic agent that chelates iron (Fe3+), mimics hypoxia to encourage bone healing. However, high cytotoxicity, off-target effects, and the short half-life of DFO have significantly impeded its further applications. We mitigated these side effects by locally immobilizing DFO onto a gelatin nanofibrous (GF) scaffold that retained DFO's ability to chelate Fe3+. Moreover, DFO-functionalized GF (GF-DFO) scaffolds, which have similar micro/macrostructures to GF scaffolds, not only demonstrated decreased cytotoxicity on both human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human mesenchymal stem cells but also significantly increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in vitro. Most importantly, in our in vivo experiments on a critical-sized cranial bone defect mouse model, a significant amount of bone was formed in most of the GF-DFO scaffolds after six weeks, while very little new bone was observed in the GF scaffolds. These data suggest that use of a hypoxia-mimicking nanofibrous scaffold is a promising strategy for promoting endogenous bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57107, United States
- BioSNTR, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57107, United States
| | - Yangxi Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57107, United States
- BioSNTR, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57107, United States
| | - Jianning Tao
- Children’s Health Research Center at Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57104, United States
| | | | - Hongli Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57107, United States
- BioSNTR, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57107, United States
- Corresponding Author: Phone: (+1) 605-275-7470; Fax: +1 605-782-3280;
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Drager J, Sheikh Z, Zhang YL, Harvey EJ, Barralet JE. Local delivery of iron chelators reduces in vivo remodeling of a calcium phosphate bone graft substitute. Acta Biomater 2016; 42:411-419. [PMID: 27449336 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Iron chelators are known activators of the Hypoxia Includible Factor-1α (HIF-1α) pathway, a critical cellular pathway involved in angiogenic responses to hypoxia. Local delivery of these chelators has shown promise in bone tissue engineering strategies by inducing angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Hypoxic microenvironments are also a stimulus for osteoclast differentiation and resorptive activity, a process likely mediated by HIF-1α. In vitro, low doses of the iron chelator Deferoxamine (DFO) has shown to induce HIF-1α mediated osteoclast formation and function. However other studies have proposed an opposite in vitro effect likely through HIF independent mechanisms. To investigate use of these medications in bioceramic based bone tissue engineering strategies this study aimed to determine the in vivo effect of local delivery of iron chelators on bioceramic remodeling. A non-weight bearing cranial onlay model was used to assess monetite resorption and new bone formation in the presence or absence of a repeated delivery of two iron chelators, DFO and 1,10 Phenanthroline (PHT) at doses known to induce HIF. We found a marked reduction graft resorption and remodeling associated with iron chelation. This was correlated to a 3-fold reduction in osteoclast number at the bone graft interface. Iron is needed for mitochondrial biogenesis during osteoclastic differentiation and reducing extracellular iron levels may inhibit this process and possibly overpower any HIF induced osteoclast formation. Our findings suggest that these inexpensive and widely available molecules may be used to locally reduce bioceramic scaffold resorption and encourages future investigations of iron chelators as bone anti-resorptive agents in other clinical contexts. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Low doses of iron chelators can induce angiogenesis and osteogenesis in repairing bone by stimulating the oxygen sensitive gene; hypoxia inducible factor. These medications have potential to augment bioceramic based bone tissue engineering strategies without the downsides of protein-based growth factors. HIF activation is also known to stimulate osteoclast-mediated resorption and could potentially accelerate remodeling of biocermaics, however we have shown that the local delivery of iron chelation at doses known to induce HIF resulted in a reduction of monetite resorption and a significant decrease in osteoclast number at the bone graft interface. This maybe due to HIF independent mechanism. This is the first study to show a local effect of iron chelators in vivo on osteoclast-mediated resorption. This opens the potential of further study of these bifunctional medications to modulate resorption of biocermaics in environments where a prolonged presence of material is desired for graft site stability. Moreover these safe widely used medications can be explored to locally reduce osteoclasts in pathological bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Drager
- Division of Orthopaedics, McGill University Health Center, 1650 Cedar Ave, Montreal, Qc H3G 1A4, Canada.
| | - Zeeshan Sheikh
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada.
| | - Yu Ling Zhang
- Division of Orthopaedics, McGill University Health Center, 1650 Cedar Ave, Montreal, Qc H3G 1A4, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640, Rue University, Montreal, Qc H3A 0C7, Canada.
| | - Edward J Harvey
- Division of Orthopaedics, McGill University Health Center, 1650 Cedar Ave, Montreal, Qc H3G 1A4, Canada.
| | - Jake E Barralet
- Division of Orthopaedics, McGill University Health Center, 1650 Cedar Ave, Montreal, Qc H3G 1A4, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640, Rue University, Montreal, Qc H3A 0C7, Canada.
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Stiers PJ, van Gastel N, Carmeliet G. Targeting the hypoxic response in bone tissue engineering: A balance between supply and consumption to improve bone regeneration. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 432:96-105. [PMID: 26768117 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering is a promising therapeutic alternative for bone grafting of large skeletal defects. It generally comprises an ex vivo engineered combination of a carrier structure, stem/progenitor cells and growth factors. However, the success of these regenerative implants largely depends on how well implanted cells will adapt to the hostile and hypoxic host environment they encounter after implantation. In this review, we will discuss how hypoxia signalling may be used to improve bone regeneration in a tissue-engineered construct. First, hypoxia signalling induces angiogenesis which increases the survival of the implanted cells as well as stimulates bone formation. Second, hypoxia signalling has also angiogenesis-independent effects on mesenchymal cells in vitro, offering exciting new possibilities to improve tissue-engineered bone regeneration in vivo. In addition, studies in other fields have shown that benefits of modulating hypoxia signalling include enhanced cell survival, proliferation and differentiation, culminating in a more potent regenerative implant. Finally, the stimulation of endochondral bone formation as a physiological pathway to circumvent the harmful effects of hypoxia will be briefly touched upon. Thus, angiogenic dependent and independent processes may counteract the deleterious hypoxic effects and we will discuss several therapeutic strategies that may be combined to withstand the hypoxia upon implantation and improve bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter-Jan Stiers
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nick van Gastel
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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79
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Saghiri MA, Asatourian A, Garcia-Godoy F, Sheibani N. The role of angiogenesis in implant dentistry part II: The effect of bone-grafting and barrier membrane materials on angiogenesis. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2016; 21:e526-37. [PMID: 27031074 PMCID: PMC4920468 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.21200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In implant dentistry, bone substitute materials and barrier membranes are used in different treatments including guided bone regeneration (GBR), socket preservation, alveolar ridge augmentation, maxillary sinus elevation, and filling bony defects around the inserted dental implant. One of the most important factors in prognosis of treatments using these materials is the growth of new blood vessels in applied areas. Present review was performed to evaluate the effect of the bone-grafting and barrier membrane materials on angiogenesis events. MATERIAL AND METHODS An electronic search was performed in PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases via OVID using the keywords mentioned in the PubMed and MeSH headings regarding the role of angiogenesis in implant dentistry from January 2000-April 2014. RESULTS Of the 5,622 articles identified in our initial search results, only 33 met the inclusion criteria set for this review. Among bone substitute materials the autogenous bone-grafts, and among the barrier membranes the collagenous membranes, had the highest angiogenic potentials. Other bone-grafting materials or membranes were mostly used with pro-angiogenic factors to enhance their angiogenic properties. CONCLUSIONS Angiogenesis is one of the key factors, which plays a critical role in success rate of GBR technique and is seriously considered in manufacturing bone-grafting and barrier membrane materials. However, there is still lack of clinical and in-vivo studies addressing the effect of angiogenesis in treatments using bone-grafting and barrier membrane materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-A Saghiri
- Departments of Ophthalmology &, Visual Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, and Public health, Madison, WI, USA,
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80
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Muinos-López E, Ripalda-Cemboráin P, López-Martínez T, González-Gil AB, Lamo-Espinosa JM, Valentí A, Mortlock DP, Valentí JR, Prósper F, Granero-Moltó F. Hypoxia and Reactive Oxygen Species Homeostasis in Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells Define a Molecular Mechanism for Fracture Nonunion. Stem Cells 2016; 34:2342-53. [PMID: 27250101 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fracture nonunion is a major complication of bone fracture regeneration and repair. The molecular mechanisms that result in fracture nonunion appearance are not fully determined. We hypothesized that fracture nonunion results from the failure of hypoxia and hematoma, the primary signals in response to bone injury, to trigger Bmp2 expression by mesenchymal progenitor cells (MSCs). Using a model of nonstabilized fracture healing in transgenic 5'Bmp2BAC mice we determined that Bmp2 expression appears in close association with hypoxic tissue and hematoma during the early phases of fracture healing. In addition, BMP2 expression is induced when human periosteum explants are exposed to hypoxia ex vivo. Transient interference of hypoxia signaling in vivo with PX-12, a thioredoxin inhibitor, results in reduced Bmp2 expression, impaired fracture callus formation and atrophic-like nonunion by a HIF-1α independent mechanism. In isolated human periosteum-derived MSCs, BMP2 expression could be induced with the addition of platelets concentrate lysate but not with hypoxia treatment, confirming HIF-1α-independent BMP2 expression. Interestingly, in isolated human periosteum-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells, inhibition of BMP2 expression by PX-12 is accomplished only under hypoxic conditions seemingly through dis-regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. In conclusion, we provide evidence of a molecular mechanism of hypoxia-dependent BMP2 expression in MSCs where interference with ROS homeostasis specifies fracture nonunion-like appearance in vivo through inhibition of Bmp2 expression. Stem Cells 2016;34:2342-2353.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Douglas P Mortlock
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Felipe Prósper
- Cell Therapy Area.,Department of Hematology, Clínica Universidad De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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81
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Jia P, Chen H, Kang H, Qi J, Zhao P, Jiang M, Guo L, Zhou Q, Qian ND, Zhou HB, Xu YJ, Fan Y, Deng LF. Deferoxamine released from poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) promotes healing of osteoporotic bone defect via enhanced angiogenesis and osteogenesis. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:2515-27. [PMID: 27227768 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jia
- Department of Orthopaedics; San Xiang Road 1055, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu Province 215004 China
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese Western Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Rui Jin Er Road 197 Shanghai 200020 China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Ren Ji Hospital; Pu Jian Road 160 Shanghai 200120 China
| | - Hui Kang
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese Western Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Rui Jin Er Road 197 Shanghai 200020 China
| | - Jin Qi
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese Western Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Rui Jin Er Road 197 Shanghai 200020 China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Nursing Department; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; San Xiang Road 1055 Suzhou Jiangsu Province China 215004
| | - Min Jiang
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese Western Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Rui Jin Er Road 197 Shanghai 200020 China
| | - Lei Guo
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese Western Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Rui Jin Er Road 197 Shanghai 200020 China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese Western Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Rui Jin Er Road 197 Shanghai 200020 China
| | - Nian Dong Qian
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese Western Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Rui Jin Er Road 197 Shanghai 200020 China
| | - Han Bing Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese Western Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Rui Jin Er Road 197 Shanghai 200020 China
| | - You Jia Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics; San Xiang Road 1055, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu Province 215004 China
| | - Yongqian Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics; Huadong Hospital Affiliated Fudan University; Yan'an Western Road 221 Shanghai 200040 China
| | - Lian Fu Deng
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese Western Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Rui Jin Er Road 197 Shanghai 200020 China
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Stegen S, Deprez S, Eelen G, Torrekens S, Van Looveren R, Goveia J, Ghesquière B, Carmeliet P, Carmeliet G. Adequate hypoxia inducible factor 1α signaling is indispensable for bone regeneration. Bone 2016; 87:176-86. [PMID: 27058876 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Engineered cell-based constructs are an appealing strategy to treat large skeletal defects. However, transplanted cells are often confronted with an environment that is deprived of oxygen and nutrients. Upon hypoxia, most cell types activate hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) signaling, but its importance for implanted osteoprogenitor cells during bone regeneration is not elucidated. To this end, we specifically deleted the HIF--1α isoform in periosteal progenitor cells and show that activation of HIF-1α signaling in these cells is critical for bone repair by modulating angiogenic and metabolic processes. Activation of HIF-1α is not only crucial for blood vessel invasion, by enhancing angiogenic growth factor production, but also for periosteal cell survival early after implantation, when blood vessels have not yet invaded the construct. HIF-1α signaling limits oxygen consumption to avoid accumulation of harmful ROS and preserve redox balance, and additionally induces a switch to glycolysis to prevent energetic distress. Altogether, our results indicate that the proangiogenic capacity of implanted periosteal cells is HIF-1α regulated and that metabolic adaptations mediate post-implantation cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Stegen
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sanne Deprez
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Eelen
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sophie Torrekens
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Riet Van Looveren
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jermaine Goveia
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Ghesquière
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Stoehr A, Yang Y, Patel S, Evangelista AM, Aponte A, Wang G, Liu P, Boylston J, Kloner PH, Lin Y, Gucek M, Zhu J, Murphy E. Prolyl hydroxylation regulates protein degradation, synthesis, and splicing in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 110:346-58. [PMID: 27095734 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Protein hydroxylases are oxygen- and α-ketoglutarate-dependent enzymes that catalyse hydroxylation of amino acids such as proline, thus linking oxygen and metabolism to enzymatic activity. Prolyl hydroxylation is a dynamic post-translational modification that regulates protein stability and protein-protein interactions; however, the extent of this modification is largely uncharacterized. The goals of this study are to investigate the biological consequences of prolyl hydroxylation and to identify new targets that undergo prolyl hydroxylation in human cardiomyocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS We used human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes in combination with pulse-chase amino acid labelling and proteomics to analyse the effects of prolyl hydroxylation on protein degradation and synthesis. We identified 167 proteins that exhibit differences in degradation with inhibition of prolyl hydroxylation by dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG); 164 were stabilized. Proteins involved in RNA splicing such as serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 2 (SRSF2) and splicing factor and proline- and glutamine-rich (SFPQ) were stabilized with DMOG. DMOG also decreased protein translation of cytoskeletal and sarcomeric proteins such as α-cardiac actin. We searched the mass spectrometry data for proline hydroxylation and identified 134 high confidence peptides mapping to 78 unique proteins. We identified SRSF2, SFPQ, α-cardiac actin, and cardiac titin as prolyl hydroxylated. We identified 29 prolyl hydroxylated proteins that showed a significant difference in either protein degradation or synthesis. Additionally, we performed next-generation RNA sequencing and showed that the observed decrease in protein synthesis was not due to changes in mRNA levels. Because RNA splicing factors were prolyl hydroxylated, we investigated splicing ± inhibition of prolyl hydroxylation and detected 369 alternative splicing events, with a preponderance of exon skipping. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first extensive characterization of the cardiac prolyl hydroxylome and demonstrates that inhibition of α-ketoglutarate hydroxylases alters protein stability, translation, and splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Stoehr
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yanqin Yang
- DNA Sequencing and Genomics Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sajni Patel
- Proteomics Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alicia M Evangelista
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Angel Aponte
- Proteomics Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Proteomics Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Poching Liu
- DNA Sequencing and Genomics Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer Boylston
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Philip H Kloner
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yongshun Lin
- iPS Cell Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marjan Gucek
- Proteomics Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jun Zhu
- DNA Sequencing and Genomics Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth Murphy
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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84
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Böhm AM, Dirckx N, Maes C. Recruitment of osteogenic cells to bone formation sites during development and fracture repair. Z Rheumatol 2016; 76:5-9. [PMID: 27001056 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-015-1574-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recruitment of osteoblast lineage cells to their bone-forming locations is essential for skeletal development and fracture healing. In developing bones, osteoprogenitor cells invade the cartilage mold to establish the primary ossification center. Similarly, osteogenic cells infiltrate and populate the callus tissue that is formed following an injury. Proper bone development and successful fracture repair must, therefore, rely on controlled temporal and spatial navigation cues guiding the cells to the sites where new bone formation is needed. Some cellular mechanisms and molecular pathways involved have been elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-M Böhm
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, Gasthuisberg O&N 1, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 813, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - N Dirckx
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, Gasthuisberg O&N 1, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 813, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - C Maes
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, Gasthuisberg O&N 1, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 813, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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85
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Böhm AM, Dirckx N, Maes C. [Recruitment of osteogenic cells to bone formation sites during development and fracture repair - German Version]. Z Rheumatol 2016; 75:316-21. [PMID: 27003859 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-016-0065-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recruitment of osteoblast lineage cells to their bone-forming locations is essential for skeletal development and fracture healing. In developing bones, osteoprogenitor cells invade the cartilage mold to establish the primary ossification center. Similarly, osteogenic cells infiltrate and populate the callus tissue that is formed following an injury. Proper bone development and successful fracture repair must, therefore, rely on controlled temporal and spatial navigation cues guiding the cells to the sites where new bone formation is needed. Some cellular mechanisms and molecular pathways involved have been elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-M Böhm
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Gasthuisberg O&N 1, Herestraat 49, Box 813, 3000, Leuven, Belgien
| | - N Dirckx
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Gasthuisberg O&N 1, Herestraat 49, Box 813, 3000, Leuven, Belgien
| | - C Maes
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Gasthuisberg O&N 1, Herestraat 49, Box 813, 3000, Leuven, Belgien.
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Donneys A, Nelson NS, Perosky JE, Polyatskaya Y, Rodriguez JJ, Figueredo C, Vasseli CA, Ratliff HC, Deshpande SS, Kozloff KM, Buchman SR. Prevention of radiation-induced bone pathology through combined pharmacologic cytoprotection and angiogenic stimulation. Bone 2016; 84:245-252. [PMID: 26723578 PMCID: PMC4776634 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pathologic fractures and associated non-unions arising in previously irradiated bone are severely debilitating diseases. Although radiation is known to have deleterious effects on healthy tissue cellularity and vascularity, no clinically accepted pharmacologic interventions currently exist to target these destructive mechanisms within osseous tissues. We utilized amifostine-a cellular radioprotectant-and deferoxamine-an angiogenic stimulant-to simultaneously target the cellular and vascular niches within irradiated bone in a rat model of mandibular fracture repair following irradiation. Rats treated with combined therapy were compared to those undergoing treatment with singular amifostine or deferoxamine therapy, nontreated/irradiated animals (XFx) and non-treated/non-irradiated animals (Fx). 3D angiographic modeling, histology, Bone Mineral Density Distribution and mechanical metrics were utilized to assess therapeutic efficacy. We observed diminished metrics for all outcomes when comparing XFx to Fx alone, indicating the damaging effects of radiation. Across all outcomes, only the combined treatment group improved upon XFx levels, normalized all metrics to Fx levels, and was consistently as good as, or superior to the other treatment options (p<0.05). Collectively, our data demonstrate that pharmacologically targeting the cellular and vascular environments within irradiated bone prevents bone injury and enhances fracture healing.
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87
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Stegen S, van Gastel N, Eelen G, Ghesquière B, D'Anna F, Thienpont B, Goveia J, Torrekens S, Van Looveren R, Luyten FP, Maxwell PH, Wielockx B, Lambrechts D, Fendt SM, Carmeliet P, Carmeliet G. HIF-1α Promotes Glutamine-Mediated Redox Homeostasis and Glycogen-Dependent Bioenergetics to Support Postimplantation Bone Cell Survival. Cell Metab 2016; 23:265-79. [PMID: 26863487 PMCID: PMC7611069 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based therapy is a promising strategy in regenerative medicine, but the poor survival rate of the implanted cells remains a major challenge and limits clinical translation. We preconditioned periosteal cells to the hypoxic and ischemic environment of the bone defect site by deleting prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein 2 (PHD2), resulting in hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) stabilization. This strategy increased postimplantation cell survival and improved bone regeneration. The enhanced cell viability was angiogenesis independent but relied on combined changes in glutamine and glycogen metabolism. HIF-1α stabilization stimulated glutaminase-mediated glutathione synthesis, maintaining redox homeostasis at baseline and during oxidative or nutrient stress. Simultaneously, HIF-1α signaling increased glycogen storage, preventing an energy deficit during nutrient or oxygen deprivation. Pharmacological inhibition of PHD2 recapitulated the adaptations in glutamine and glycogen metabolism and, consequently, the beneficial effects on cell survival. Thus, targeting cellular metabolism is an appealing strategy for bone regeneration and cell-based therapy in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Stegen
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nick van Gastel
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Eelen
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis & Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven/VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Ghesquière
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis & Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven/VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Flora D'Anna
- Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven/VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bernard Thienpont
- Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven/VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jermaine Goveia
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis & Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven/VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sophie Torrekens
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Riet Van Looveren
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank P Luyten
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick H Maxwell
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XU, UK
| | - Ben Wielockx
- Heisenberg Research Group, Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven/VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah-Maria Fendt
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven/VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis & Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven/VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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88
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Wang P, Zhang F, He Q, Wang J, Shiu HT, Shu Y, Tsang WP, Liang S, Zhao K, Wan C. Flavonoid Compound Icariin Activates Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α in Chondrocytes and Promotes Articular Cartilage Repair. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148372. [PMID: 26841115 PMCID: PMC4739592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage has poor capability for repair following trauma or degenerative pathology due to avascular property, low cell density and migratory ability. Discovery of novel therapeutic approaches for articular cartilage repair remains a significant clinical need. Hypoxia is a hallmark for cartilage development and pathology. Hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1α) has been identified as a key mediator for chondrocytes to response to fluctuations of oxygen availability during cartilage development or repair. This suggests that HIF-1α may serve as a target for modulating chondrocyte functions. In this study, using phenotypic cellular screen assays, we identify that Icariin, an active flavonoid component from Herba Epimedii, activates HIF-1α expression in chondrocytes. We performed systemic in vitro and in vivo analysis to determine the roles of Icariin in regulation of chondrogenesis. Our results show that Icariin significantly increases hypoxia responsive element luciferase reporter activity, which is accompanied by increased accumulation and nuclear translocation of HIF-1α in murine chondrocytes. The phenotype is associated with inhibiting PHD activity through interaction between Icariin and iron ions. The upregulation of HIF-1α mRNA levels in chondrocytes persists during chondrogenic differentiation for 7 and 14 days. Icariin (10−6 M) increases the proliferation of chondrocytes or chondroprogenitors examined by MTT, BrdU incorporation or colony formation assays. Icariin enhances chondrogenic marker expression in a micromass culture including Sox9, collagen type 2 (Col2α1) and aggrecan as determined by real-time PCR and promotes extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis indicated by Alcian blue staining. ELISA assays show dramatically increased production of aggrecan and hydroxyproline in Icariin-treated cultures at day 14 of chondrogenic differentiation as compared with the controls. Meanwhile, the expression of chondrocyte catabolic marker genes including Mmp2, Mmp9, Mmp13, Adamts4 and Adamts5 was downregulated following Icariin treatment for 14 days. In a differentiation assay using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) carrying HIF-1α floxed allele, the promotive effect of Icariin on chondrogenic differentiation is largely decreased following Cre recombinase-mediated deletion of HIF-1α in MSCs as indicated by Alcian blue staining for proteoglycan synthesis. In an alginate hydrogel 3D culture system, Icariin increases Safranin O positive (SO+) cartilage area. This phenotype is accompanied by upregulation of HIF-1α, increased proliferating cell nuclear antigen positive (PCNA+) cell numbers, SOX9+ chondrogenic cell numbers, and Col2 expression in the newly formed cartilage. Coincide with the micromass culture, Icariin treatment upregulates mRNA levels of Sox9, Col2α1, aggrecan and Col10α1 in the 3D cultures. We then generated alginate hydrogel 3D complexes incorporated with Icariin. The 3D complexes were transplanted in a mouse osteochondral defect model. ICRS II histological scoring at 6 and 12 weeks post-transplantation shows that 3D complexes incorporated with Icariin significantly enhance articular cartilage repair with higher scores particularly in selected parameters including SO+ cartilage area, subchondral bone and overall assessment than that of the controls. The results suggest that Icariin may inhibit PHD activity likely through competition for cellular iron ions and therefore it may serve as an HIF-1α activator to promote articular cartilage repair through regulating chondrocyte proliferation, differentiation and integration with subchondral bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengzhen Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (Jinan University - The Chinese University of Hong Kong), Guangzhou 510000, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory, Institute of Stem Cell, Genomics and Translational Research, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Fengjie Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory, Institute of Stem Cell, Genomics and Translational Research, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (The Chinese University of Hong Kong - Jinan University), School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qiling He
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Jianqi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hoi Ting Shiu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (The Chinese University of Hong Kong - Jinan University), School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yinglan Shu
- School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory, Institute of Stem Cell, Genomics and Translational Research, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (The Chinese University of Hong Kong - Jinan University), School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wing Pui Tsang
- School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory, Institute of Stem Cell, Genomics and Translational Research, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (The Chinese University of Hong Kong - Jinan University), School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory, Institute of Stem Cell, Genomics and Translational Research, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (The Chinese University of Hong Kong - Jinan University), School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory, Institute of Stem Cell, Genomics and Translational Research, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (The Chinese University of Hong Kong - Jinan University), School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chao Wan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (Jinan University - The Chinese University of Hong Kong), Guangzhou 510000, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory, Institute of Stem Cell, Genomics and Translational Research, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (The Chinese University of Hong Kong - Jinan University), School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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89
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Kuroyanagi G, Otsuka T, Yamamoto N, Kainuma S, Ohguchi R, Fujita K, Matsushima-Nishiwaki R, Kozawa O, Tokuda H. Mimosine suppresses the PGF2α-induced synthesis of osteoprotegerin but not interleukin-6 in osteoblasts. Int J Mol Med 2016; 37:533-41. [PMID: 26744072 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mimosine, a plant amino acid, is known to act as a normoxic inducer of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). Previous research has suggested that HIF plays important roles in angiogenesis-osteogenesis coupling and bone metabolism. We previously reported that prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) induced osteoprotegerin synthesis through p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, p44/p42 MAP kinase and stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. We have also demonstrated that PGF2α induced the synthesis of interleukin-6 (IL-6) via p38 MAP kinase and p44/p42 MAP kinase but not SAPK/JNK in these cells. In the present study, we investigated the effects of mimosine on the PGF2α-induced synthesis of osteoprotegerin or IL-6 in MC3T3-E1 cells. We found that deferoxamine, another inducer of HIF, as well as mimosine, upregulated the protein levels of HIF-1α. Both mimosine and deferoxamine significantly suppressed the PGF2α-induced release of osteoprotegerin, and the mRNA expression level, without markedly affecting PGF2α-induced IL-6 release. Both mimosine and deferoxamine, by themselves, induced the release of vascular endothelial growth factor. The phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase, p44/p42 MAP kinase or SAPK/JNK induced by PGF2α was not markedly affected by either mimosine or deferoxamine. Thus, the results of the present study strongly suggest that mimosine, a normoxic inducer of HIF, inhibits the PGF2α‑induced osteoprotegerin synthesis without affecting the IL-6 synthesis in osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Kuroyanagi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Takanobu Otsuka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Naohiro Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Shingo Kainuma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Reou Ohguchi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Fujita
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | | | - Osamu Kozawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Tokuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
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90
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Wu J, Yao L, Wang B, Liu Z, Ma K. Tao-Hong-Si-Wu Decoction ameliorates steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head by regulating the HIF-1α pathway and cell apoptosis. Biosci Trends 2016; 10:410-417. [DOI: 10.5582/bst.2016.01099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang
| | - Li Yao
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang
| | - Keyong Ma
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang
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91
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Liu YY, Yu HC, Liu Y, Liang G, Zhang T, Hu QX. Dual drug spatiotemporal release from functional gradient scaffolds prepared using 3D bioprinting and electrospinning. POLYM ENG SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Liu
- Rapid Manufacturing Engineering Center; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 China
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Hong-Chen Yu
- Rapid Manufacturing Engineering Center; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Yi Liu
- Rapid Manufacturing Engineering Center; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Gang Liang
- Rapid Manufacturing Engineering Center; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Rapid Manufacturing Engineering Center; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Qing-Xi Hu
- Rapid Manufacturing Engineering Center; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 China
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 China
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92
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Abstract
Bone integrity is maintained throughout life via the homeostatic actions of bone cells, namely, osteoclasts, which resorb bone, and osteoblasts, which produce bone. Disruption of this balance in favor of osteoclast activation results in pathological bone loss, which occurs in conditions including osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, primary bone cancer, and cancer metastasis to bone. Hypoxia also plays a major role in these conditions, where it is associated with disease progression and poor prognosis. In recent years, considerable interest has arisen in the mechanisms whereby hypoxia and the hypoxia-inducible transcription factors, HIF-1α and HIF-2α, affect bone remodeling and bone pathologies. This review summarizes the current evidence for hypoxia-mediated regulation of osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption activity. Role(s) of HIF and HIF target genes in the formation of multinucleated osteoclasts from cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage and in the activation of bone resorption by mature osteoclasts will be discussed. Specific attention will be paid to hypoxic metabolism and generation of ATP by osteoclasts. Hypoxia-driven increases in both glycolytic flux and mitochondrial metabolic activity, along with consequent generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, have been found to be essential for osteoclast formation and resorption activity. Finally, evidence for the use of HIF inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents targeting bone resorption in osteolytic disease will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen J Knowles
- Botnar Research Centre, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
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93
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Wilson SS, Wong A, Toupadakis CA, Yellowley CE. Expression of angiopoietin-like protein 4 at the fracture site: Regulation by hypoxia and osteoblastic differentiation. J Orthop Res 2015; 33:1364-73. [PMID: 25864912 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Vascular disruption that occurs as a consequence of bone fracture, leads to hypoxia at the site of damage. Hypoxia regulates the expression of a number of genes that can modulate energy conservation, cell survival, tissue regeneration and angiogenesis. In this study we investigated the expression of Angiopoietin-like 4, an adipocytokine that has additional roles in angiogenesis, at the fracture site. We demonstrate that Angptl4 mRNA expression increased early during fracture healing (day 3) returning close to baseline at day14. In the callus, Angptl4 mRNA was visualized in areas of condensing mesenchymal cells, callus cartilage and was especially high in mineralizing osteoblasts located in areas of new bone formation. In vitro, Angptl4 mRNA expression in osteoblasts increased under hypoxic conditions and in cells treated with the hypoxia mimetic desferrioxamine. Angptl4 levels were strongly induced at day 14 in differentiating MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. Exogenous ANGPTL4 increased expression of Runx2, Spp1, vegfa, and Alp mRNA in differentiating osteoblasts. We suggest that the distribution of Angptl4 in the callus may be driven by hypoxia and that Angptl4 may play a role in osteoblastic differentiation, and possibly angiogenesis via regulation of VEGF. Further studies could reveal a dual role for Angptl4 in angiogenesis and osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina S Wilson
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 1285 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, California, 95616
| | - Alice Wong
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 1285 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, California, 95616
| | - Chrisoula A Toupadakis
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 1285 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, California, 95616
| | - Clare E Yellowley
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 1285 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, California, 95616
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94
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Sarett SM, Kilchrist KV, Miteva M, Duvall CL. Conjugation of palmitic acid improves potency and longevity of siRNA delivered via endosomolytic polymer nanoparticles. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 103:3107-16. [PMID: 25641816 PMCID: PMC4520743 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Clinical translation of siRNA therapeutics has been limited by the inability to effectively overcome the rigorous delivery barriers associated with intracellular-acting biologics. Here, to address both potency and longevity of siRNA gene silencing, pH-responsive micellar nanoparticle (NP) carriers loaded with siRNA conjugated to palmitic acid (siRNA-PA) were investigated as a combined approach to improve siRNA endosomal escape and stability. Conjugation to hydrophobic PA improved NP loading efficiency relative to unmodified siRNA, enabling complete packaging of siRNA-PA at a lower polymer:siRNA ratio. PA conjugation also increased intracellular uptake of the nucleic acid cargo by 35-fold and produced a 3.1-fold increase in intracellular half-life. The higher uptake and improved retention of siRNA-PA NPs correlated to a 2- and 11-fold decrease in gene silencing IC50 in comparison to siRNA NPs in fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells, respectively, for both the model gene luciferase and the therapeutically relevant gene prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD2) . PA conjugation also significantly increased longevity of silencing activity following a single treatment in fibroblasts. Thus, conjugation of PA to siRNA paired with endosomolytic NPs is a promising approach to enhance the functional efficacy of siRNA in tissue regenerative and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martina Miteva
- Vanderbilt University Department of Biomedical Engineering
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95
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Esfahani M, Karimi F, Afshar S, Niknazar S, Sohrabi S, Najafi R. Prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors act as agents to enhance the efficiency of cell therapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 15:1739-55. [PMID: 26325448 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2015.1084281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In stem cell-based therapy as a subtype of regenerative medicine, stem cells can be used to replace or repair injured tissue and cells in order to treat disease. Stem cells have the ability to integrate into injured areas and produce new cells via processes of proliferation and differentiation. Several studies have demonstrated that hypoxia increases self-renewal, proliferation and post-homing differentiation of stem cells through the regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1)-mediated gene expression. Thus, pharmacological interventions including prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitors are considered as promising solutions for stem cell-based therapy. PHD inhibitors stabilize the HIF-1 and activate its pathway through preventing proteasomal degradation of HIF-1. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on the role of hypoxia, HIF-1 and especially PHD inhibitors on cell therapy. PHD structure and function are discussed as well as their inhibitors. In addition, we have investigated several preclinical studies in which PHD inhibitors improved the efficiency of cell-based therapies. EXPERT OPINION The data reviewed here suggest that PHD inhibitors are effective operators in improving stem cell therapy. However, because of some limitations, these compounds should be properly examined before clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Esfahani
- a 1 Research center for molecular medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Fatemeh Karimi
- a 1 Research center for molecular medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Saeid Afshar
- a 1 Research center for molecular medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Somayeh Niknazar
- b 2 Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Hearing Disorders Research Center , Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Sareh Sohrabi
- a 1 Research center for molecular medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Rezvan Najafi
- a 1 Research center for molecular medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan, the Islamic Republic of Iran
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96
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Donneys A, Blough JT, Nelson NS, Perosky JE, Deshpande SS, Kang SY, Felice PA, Figueredo C, Peterson JR, Kozloff KM, Levi B, Chepeha DB, Buchman SR. Translational treatment paradigm for managing non-unions secondary to radiation injury utilizing adipose derived stem cells and angiogenic therapy. Head Neck 2015; 38 Suppl 1:E837-43. [PMID: 25917284 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bony non-unions arising in the aftermath of collateral radiation injury are commonly managed with vascularized free tissue transfers. Unfortunately, these procedures are invasive and fraught with attendant morbidities. This study investigated a novel, alternative treatment paradigm utilizing adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) combined with angiogenic deferoxamine (DFO) in the rat mandible. METHODS Rats were exposed to a bioequivalent dose of radiation and mandibular osteotomy. Those exhibiting non-unions were subsequently treated with surgical debridement alone or debridement plus combination therapy. Radiographic and biomechanical outcomes were assessed after healing. RESULTS Significant increases in biomechanical strength and radiographic metrics were observed in response to combination therapy (p < .05). Importantly, combined therapy enabled a 65% reduction in persisting non-unions when compared to debridement alone. CONCLUSION We support the continued investigation of this promising combination therapy in its potential translation for the management of radiation-induced bony pathology. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E837-E843, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Donneys
- Craniofacial Research Laboratory, Plastic Surgery Section, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jordan T Blough
- Craniofacial Research Laboratory, Plastic Surgery Section, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Noah S Nelson
- Craniofacial Research Laboratory, Plastic Surgery Section, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Joseph E Perosky
- Orthopedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sagar S Deshpande
- Craniofacial Research Laboratory, Plastic Surgery Section, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Stephen Y Kang
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Peter A Felice
- Craniofacial Research Laboratory, Plastic Surgery Section, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of General Surgery, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Christian Figueredo
- Craniofacial Research Laboratory, Plastic Surgery Section, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jonathan R Peterson
- Craniofacial Research Laboratory, Plastic Surgery Section, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kenneth M Kozloff
- Orthopedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Benjamin Levi
- Craniofacial Research Laboratory, Plastic Surgery Section, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Douglas B Chepeha
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Steven R Buchman
- Craniofacial Research Laboratory, Plastic Surgery Section, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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97
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Beavers KR, Nelson CE, Duvall CL. MiRNA inhibition in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 88:123-37. [PMID: 25553957 PMCID: PMC4485980 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that provide an endogenous negative feedback mechanism for translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) into protein. Single miRNAs can regulate hundreds of mRNAs, enabling miRNAs to orchestrate robust biological responses by simultaneously impacting multiple gene networks. MiRNAs can act as master regulators of normal and pathological tissue development, homeostasis, and repair, which has motivated expanding efforts toward the development of technologies for therapeutically modulating miRNA activity for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications. This review highlights the tools currently available for miRNA inhibition and their recent therapeutic applications for improving tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey R Beavers
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Materials Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | | | - Craig L Duvall
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Materials Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
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98
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Ram M, Singh V, Kumawat S, Kumar D, Lingaraju MC, Uttam Singh T, Rahal A, Kumar Tandan S, Kumar D. Deferoxamine modulates cytokines and growth factors to accelerate cutaneous wound healing in diabetic rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 764:9-21. [PMID: 26101070 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Deferoxamine has shown cutaneous wound healing potential by increased neovascularization. We hypothesized that topically applied deferoxamine facilitates wound healing in diabetic rats by modulating important cytokines and growth factors that take part in healing processes in a time-dependent manner. Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by streptozotocin and wound was created under pentobarbitone anesthesia. The diabetic rats were divided into two groups, of which one (control) was treated with ointment base and other with deferoxamine ointment (0.1%). Wound closure measurement and tissue collection were done on days 3, 7, 14 and 19 post-wounding. The relative expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), stromal cell-derived factor 1-alpha (SDF-1α), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) mRNA and proteins were determined in the wound tissues. CD-31 staining and collagen content were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and picrosirius red staining, respectively. Histological changes were assessed by H&E staining. The per cent wound closure was significantly higher from day 7 onwards in deferoxamine-treated rats. HIF-1α, VEGF, SDF-1α, TGF-β1, IL-10 mRNA and their protein levels were significantly higher on days 3, 7 and 14 in deferoxamine-treated rats. The mRNA expression and protein levels of TNF-α, MMP-9 and IL-1β were progressively and markedly reduced in deferoxamine-treated rats. The collagen deposition and formation of blood vessels were greater in deferoxamine-treated rats. It is suggested that topical application of deferoxamine ointment might be useful in cutaneous wound healing in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra Ram
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, UP, India
| | - Vishakha Singh
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, UP, India
| | - Sanjay Kumawat
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, UP, India
| | - Dhirendra Kumar
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, UP, India
| | - Madhu C Lingaraju
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, UP, India
| | - Thakur Uttam Singh
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, UP, India
| | - Anu Rahal
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, UP, India
| | - Surendra Kumar Tandan
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, UP, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, UP, India.
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99
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Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signalling is intricately involved in coupling angiogenesis and osteogenesis during bone development and repair. Activation of HIFs in response to a hypoxic bone micro-environment stimulates the transcription of multiple genes with effects on angiogenesis, precursor cell recruitment and differentiation. Substantial progress has been made in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which oxygen content regulates the levels and activity of HIFs. In particular, the discovery of the role of oxygen-dependent hydroxylase enzymes in modulating the activity of HIF-1α has sparked interest in potentially promising therapeutic strategies in multiple clinical fields and most recently bone healing. Several small molecules, termed hypoxia mimics, have been identified as activators of the HIF pathway and have demonstrated augmentation of both bone vascularity and bone regeneration in vivo. In this review we discuss key elements of the hypoxic signalling pathway and its role in bone regeneration. Current strategies for the manipulation of this pathway for enhancing bone repair are presented with an emphasis on recent pre-clinical in vivo investigations. These findings suggest promising approaches for the development of therapies to improve bone repair and tissue engineering strategies.
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100
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Wu C, Rankin EB, Castellini L, Alcudia JF, Fernandez-Alcudia J, LaGory EL, Andersen R, Rhodes SD, Wilson TLS, Mohammad KS, Castillo AB, Guise TA, Schipani E, Giaccia AJ. Oxygen-sensing PHDs regulate bone homeostasis through the modulation of osteoprotegerin. Genes Dev 2015; 29:817-31. [PMID: 25846796 PMCID: PMC4403258 DOI: 10.1101/gad.255000.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The bone microenvironment is composed of niches that house cells across variable oxygen tensions. However, the contribution of oxygen gradients in regulating bone and blood homeostasis remains unknown. Here, we generated mice with either single or combined genetic inactivation of the critical oxygen-sensing prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) enzymes (PHD1-3) in osteoprogenitors. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) activation associated with Phd2 and Phd3 inactivation drove bone accumulation by modulating osteoblastic/osteoclastic cross-talk through the direct regulation of osteoprotegerin (OPG). In contrast, combined inactivation of Phd1, Phd2, and Phd3 resulted in extreme HIF signaling, leading to polycythemia and excessive bone accumulation by overstimulating angiogenic-osteogenic coupling. We also demonstrate that genetic ablation of Phd2 and Phd3 was sufficient to protect ovariectomized mice against bone loss without disrupting hematopoietic homeostasis. Importantly, we identify OPG as a HIF target gene capable of directing osteoblast-mediated osteoclastogenesis to regulate bone homeostasis. Here, we show that coordinated activation of specific PHD isoforms fine-tunes the osteoblastic response to hypoxia, thereby directing two important aspects of bone physiology: cross-talk between osteoblasts and osteoclasts and angiogenic-osteogenic coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Wu
- Division of Cancer and Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Erinn B Rankin
- Division of Cancer and Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Laura Castellini
- Division of Cancer and Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | | | | | - Edward L LaGory
- Division of Cancer and Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Rebecca Andersen
- Division of Cancer and Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Steven D Rhodes
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA; Department of Medicine, Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Tremika L S Wilson
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Khalid S Mohammad
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Alesha B Castillo
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Theresa A Guise
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Ernestina Schipani
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Amato J Giaccia
- Division of Cancer and Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA;
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