51
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Ye B, Yu M, Yue M, Yin M, Zhang C, Wang Q, Ding X, Shen W, Zhao Z. Role of PDLIM1 in hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis progression. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10946. [PMID: 37414929 PMCID: PMC10326060 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38144-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is caused by chronic hepatic injury and may lead to cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. When hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are activated by liver injury, they transdifferentiate into myofibroblasts, which secrete extracellular matrix proteins that generate the fibrous scar. Therefore, it is extremely urgent to find safe and effective drugs for HSCs activation treatment to prevent liver against fibrosis. Here, we reported that PDZ and LIM domain protein 1 (PDLIM1), a highly conserved cytoskeleton organization regulator, was significantly up-regulated in fibrotic liver tissues and TGF-β-treated HSC-T6 cells. Through transcriptome analysis, we found that knockdown of PDLIM1 resulted in a significant downregulation of genes related to inflammation and immune-related pathways in HSC-T6 cells. Moreover, PDLIM1 knockdown significantly inhibited the activation of HSC-T6 cells and the trans-differentiation of HSC-T6 cells into myofibroblasts. Mechanistically, PDLIM1 is involved in the regulation of TGF-β-mediated signaling pathways in HSCs activation. Thus, targeting PDLIM1 may provide an alternative method to suppress HSCs activation during liver injury. CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF), a master regulator of genome architecture, is upregulated during HSCs activation. PDLIM1 knockdown also indirectly reduced CTCF protein expression, however, CTCF binding to chromatin was not significantly altered by CUT&Tag analysis. We speculate that CTCF may cooperate with PDLIM1 to activate HSCs in other ways. Our results suggest that PDLIM1 can accelerate the activation of HSCs and liver fibrosis progression and could be a potential biomarker for monitoring response to anti-fibrotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
| | - Mengli Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Meijuan Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Man Yin
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Qiwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Xinru Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Wenlong Shen
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, No. 20, Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Zhihu Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, No. 20, Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China.
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Cheon IS, Son YM, Sun J. Tissue-resident memory T cells and lung immunopathology. Immunol Rev 2023; 316:63-83. [PMID: 37014096 PMCID: PMC10524334 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Rapid reaction to microbes invading mucosal tissues is key to protect the host against disease. Respiratory tissue-resident memory T (TRM ) cells provide superior immunity against pathogen infection and/or re-infection, due to their presence at the site of pathogen entry. However, there has been emerging evidence that exuberant TRM -cell responses contribute to the development of various chronic respiratory conditions including pulmonary sequelae post-acute viral infections. In this review, we have described the characteristics of respiratory TRM cells and processes underlying their development and maintenance. We have reviewed TRM -cell protective functions against various respiratory pathogens as well as their pathological activities in chronic lung conditions including post-viral pulmonary sequelae. Furthermore, we have discussed potential mechanisms regulating the pathological activity of TRM cells and proposed therapeutic strategies to alleviate TRM -cell-mediated lung immunopathology. We hope that this review provides insights toward the development of future vaccines or interventions that can harness the superior protective abilities of TRM cells, while minimizing the potential for immunopathology, a particularly important topic in the era of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Su Cheon
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Young Min Son
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea 17546
| | - Jie Sun
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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53
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Baudo G, Wu S, Massaro M, Liu H, Lee H, Zhang A, Hamilton DJ, Blanco E. Polymer-Functionalized Mitochondrial Transplantation to Fibroblasts Counteracts a Pro-Fibrotic Phenotype. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10913. [PMID: 37446100 PMCID: PMC10342003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition (FMT) leads to excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition-a well-known hallmark of fibrotic disease. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is the primary cytokine driving FMT, and this phenotypic conversion is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, notably a metabolic reprogramming towards enhanced glycolysis. The objective of this study was to examine whether the establishment of favorable metabolic phenotypes in TGF-β-stimulated fibroblasts could attenuate FMT. The hypothesis was that mitochondrial replenishment of TGF-β-stimulated fibroblasts would counteract a shift towards glycolytic metabolism, consequently offsetting pro-fibrotic processes. Isolated mitochondria, functionalized with a dextran and triphenylphosphonium (TPP) (Dex-TPP) polymer conjugate, were administered to fibroblasts (MRC-5 cells) stimulated with TGF-β, and effects on bioenergetics and fibrotic programming were subsequently examined. Results demonstrate that TGF-β stimulation of fibroblasts led to FMT, which was associated with enhanced glycolysis. Dex-TPP-coated mitochondria (Dex-TPP/Mt) delivery to TGF-β-stimulated fibroblasts abrogated a metabolic shift towards glycolysis and led to a reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Importantly, TGF-β-stimulated fibroblasts treated with Dex-TPP/Mt had lessened expression of FMT markers and ECM proteins, as well as reduced migration and proliferation. Findings highlight the potential of mitochondrial transfer, as well as other strategies involving functional reinforcement of mitochondria, as viable therapeutic modalities in fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gherardo Baudo
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Suhong Wu
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Matteo Massaro
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haoran Liu
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hyunho Lee
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Aijun Zhang
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Dale J. Hamilton
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Elvin Blanco
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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54
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Takizawa H, Araki Y, Fujishiro M, Tomita S, Kishikawa S, Hashizume A, Mitsumori T, Nitta H, Iizuka-Honma H, Sawada T, Okubo M, Sekiguchi Y, Ando M, Noguchi M. Role of TGF-beta1 and TNF-alpha1 produced by neoplastic cells in the pathogenesis of fibrosis in patients with hematologic neoplasms. J Clin Exp Hematop 2023; 63:83-89. [PMID: 37121717 PMCID: PMC10410624 DOI: 10.3960/jslrt.22044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted this study with the objective of elucidating the mechanism of development of fibrosis in hematologic neoplasms and develop treatments for these patients. Among the suggested mechanisms of development of fibrosis is cases of hematologic neoplasms is the production of TGF-beta1 (transforming growth factor-beta-1) and TNF-alpha1 (tumor necrotizing factor-alpha-1) by the tumor cells, both of which are fibrosis-stimulating cytokines that act on fibroblasts to promote fibrosis. However, there are few reports based on human clinical pathology studies. We conducted an immunohistochemical study on paraffin-embedded formalin-fixed specimens obtained from 104 patients with various pathologic conditions (acute leukemia, malignant lymphoma, inflammation, cancer, etc.). The association of tissue fibrosis with positive immunohistochemistry for TGF- beta1 and/or TNF-alpha1, TGF-beta1 was found to be strongly associated with tissue fibrosis, and in cases with positive immunohistochemistry for TGF-beta1, the odds ratio for fibrosis was 12.8, which was significantly high. Combined positivity for TGF-beta1 and TNF-alpha1 was also associated with a significant odds ratio for fibrosis of 3.4, suggesting that TGF-beta1 expression is an important prerequisite. TGF-beta1 has been suggested as playing a relatively important role in tissue fibrosis. Future clinical application of these cytokines for both diagnosis and treatment is expected.
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Rodriguez LR, Tang SY, Barboza WR, Murthy A, Tomer Y, Cai TQ, Iyer S, Chavez K, Das US, Ghosh S, Dimopoulos T, Babu A, Connelly C, FitzGerald GA, Beers MF. Disruption of Prostaglandin F 2α Receptor Signaling Attenuates Fibrotic Remodeling and Alters Fibroblast Population Dynamics in A Preclinical Murine Model of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.07.543956. [PMID: 37333249 PMCID: PMC10274762 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.07.543956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic parenchymal lung disease characterized by repetitive alveolar cell injury, myofibroblast proliferation, and excessive extracellular matrix deposition for which unmet need persists for effective therapeutics. The bioactive eicosanoid, prostaglandin F2α, and its cognate receptor FPr (Ptfgr) are implicated as a TGFβ1 independent signaling hub for IPF. To assess this, we leveraged our published murine PF model (IER - SftpcI73T) expressing a disease-associated missense mutation in the surfactant protein C (Sftpc) gene. Tamoxifen treated IER-SftpcI73T mice develop an early multiphasic alveolitis and transition to spontaneous fibrotic remodeling by 28 days. IER-SftpcI73T mice crossed to a Ptgfr null (FPr-/-) line showed attenuated weight loss and gene dosage dependent rescue of mortality compared to FPr+/+ cohorts. IER-SftpcI73T/FPr-/- mice also showed reductions in multiple fibrotic endpoints for which administration of nintedanib was not additive. Single cell RNA sequencing, pseudotime analysis, and in vitro assays demonstrated Ptgfr expression predominantly within adventitial fibroblasts which were reprogrammed to an "inflammatory/transitional" cell state in a PGF2α/FPr dependent manner. Collectively, the findings provide evidence for a role for PGF2α signaling in IPF, mechanistically identify a susceptible fibroblast subpopulation, and establish a benchmark effect size for disruption of this pathway in mitigating fibrotic lung remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis R Rodriguez
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division Department of Medicine; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104
- PENN-CHOP Lung Biology Institute; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Soon Yew Tang
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Willy Roque Barboza
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division Department of Medicine; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104
- PENN-CHOP Lung Biology Institute; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Aditi Murthy
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division Department of Medicine; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104
- PENN-CHOP Lung Biology Institute; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Yaniv Tomer
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division Department of Medicine; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104
- PENN-CHOP Lung Biology Institute; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Tian-Quan Cai
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Swati Iyer
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division Department of Medicine; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104
- PENN-CHOP Lung Biology Institute; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Katrina Chavez
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division Department of Medicine; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104
- PENN-CHOP Lung Biology Institute; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Ujjalkumar Subhash Das
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Soumita Ghosh
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Thalia Dimopoulos
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division Department of Medicine; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104
- PENN-CHOP Lung Biology Institute; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Apoorva Babu
- PENN-CHOP Lung Biology Institute; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | | | - Garret A FitzGerald
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Michael F Beers
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division Department of Medicine; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104
- PENN-CHOP Lung Biology Institute; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104
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56
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Han C, Leonardo TR, Romana-Souza B, Shi J, Keiser S, Yuan H, Altakriti M, Ranzer MJ, Ferri-Borgogno S, Mok SC, Koh TJ, Hong SJ, Chen L, DiPietro LA. Microfibril-associated protein 5 and the regulation of skin scar formation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8728. [PMID: 37253753 PMCID: PMC10229580 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35558-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Many factors regulate scar formation, which yields a modified extracellular matrix (ECM). Among ECM components, microfibril-associated proteins have been minimally explored in the context of skin wound repair. Microfibril-associated protein 5 (MFAP5), a small 25 kD serine and threonine rich microfibril-associated protein, influences microfibril function and modulates major extracellular signaling pathways. Though known to be associated with fibrosis and angiogenesis in certain pathologies, MFAP5's role in wound healing is unknown. Using a murine model of skin wound repair, we found that MFAP5 is significantly expressed during the proliferative and remodeling phases of healing. Analysis of existing single-cell RNA-sequencing data from mouse skin wounds identified two fibroblast subpopulations as the main expressors of MFAP5 during wound healing. Furthermore, neutralization of MFAP5 in healing mouse wounds decreased collagen deposition and refined angiogenesis without altering wound closure. In vitro, recombinant MFAP5 significantly enhanced dermal fibroblast migration, collagen contractility, and expression of pro-fibrotic genes. Additionally, TGF-ß1 increased MFAP5 expression and production in dermal fibroblasts. Our findings suggest that MFAP5 regulates fibroblast function and influences scar formation in healing wounds. Our work demonstrates a previously undescribed role for MFAP5 and suggests that microfibril-associated proteins may be significant modulators of wound healing outcomes and scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Han
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Trevor R Leonardo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bruna Romana-Souza
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Junhe Shi
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shalyn Keiser
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Heidi Yuan
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mohamad Altakriti
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew J Ranzer
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sammy Ferri-Borgogno
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Samuel C Mok
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Timothy J Koh
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Seok Jong Hong
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lin Chen
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Luisa A DiPietro
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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57
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Bruni S, Mercogliano MF, Mauro FL, Cordo Russo RI, Schillaci R. Cancer immune exclusion: breaking the barricade for a successful immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1135456. [PMID: 37284199 PMCID: PMC10239871 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1135456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has changed the course of cancer treatment. The initial steps were made through tumor-specific antibodies that guided the setup of an antitumor immune response. A new and successful generation of antibodies are designed to target immune checkpoint molecules aimed to reinvigorate the antitumor immune response. The cellular counterpart is the adoptive cell therapy, where specific immune cells are expanded or engineered to target cancer cells. In all cases, the key for achieving positive clinical resolutions rests upon the access of immune cells to the tumor. In this review, we focus on how the tumor microenvironment architecture, including stromal cells, immunosuppressive cells and extracellular matrix, protects tumor cells from an immune attack leading to immunotherapy resistance, and on the available strategies to tackle immune evasion.
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58
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Cheng SH, Chiou HYC, Wang JW, Lin MH. Reciprocal Regulation of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and Tumor Microenvironment in Gastrointestinal Cancer: Implications for Cancer Dormancy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092513. [PMID: 37173977 PMCID: PMC10177044 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers remain a major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite the progress made in current treatments, patients with GI cancers still have high recurrence rates after initial treatment. Cancer dormancy, which involves the entry and escape of cancer cells from dormancy, is linked to treatment resistance, metastasis, and disease relapse. Recently, the role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in disease progression and treatment has received increasing attention. The crosstalk between cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF)-secreted cytokines/chemokines and other TME components, for example, extracellular matrix remodeling and immunomodulatory functions, play crucial roles in tumorigenesis. While there is limited direct evidence of a relationship between CAFs and cancer cell dormancy, this review explores the potential of CAF-secreted cytokines/chemokines to either promote cancer cell dormancy or awaken dormant cancer cells under different conditions, and the therapeutic strategies that may be applicable. By understanding the interactions between cytokines/chemokines released by CAFs and the TME, and their impact on the entry/escape of cancer dormancy, researchers may develop new strategies to reduce the risk of therapeutic relapse in patients with GI cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hsuan Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ying Clair Chiou
- Teaching and Research Center, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan
- Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Wei Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hong Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Post Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Master of Science Program in Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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59
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Belal A, Mahmoud R, Taha M, Halfaya FM, Hassaballa A, Elbanna ES, Khaled E, Farghali A, Abo El-Ela FI, Mahgoub SM, Ghoneim MM, Zaky MY. Therapeutic Potential of Zeolites/Vitamin B12 Nanocomposite on Complete Freund's Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis as a Bone Disorder: In Vivo Study and Bio-Molecular Investigations. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:285. [PMID: 37259429 PMCID: PMC9964923 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term autoimmune disease. As nanotechnology has advanced, a growing number of nanodrugs have been used in the treatment of RA due to their unique physical and chemical properties. The purpose of this study was to assess the therapeutic potential of a novel zeolite/vitamin B12 nanocomposite (Nano ZT/Vit B12) formulation in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis. The newly synthesized Nano ZT/Vit B12 was fully characterized using various techniques such as XRD, FT-IR, BET analysis, HERTEM, SEM, practical size, zeta potential, XRF, and EDX. The anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities as well as the immunomodulation effect of Nano ZT/Vit B12 on the CFA rat model of arthritis were examined. Histopathologic ankle joint injuries caused by CFA intrapedal injection included synovium hyperplasia, inflammatory cell infiltration, and extensive cartilage deterioration. The arthritic rats' Nano ZT/Vit B12 supplementation significantly improved these effects. Furthermore, in arthritic rats, Nano ZT/Vit B12 significantly reduced serum levels of RF and CRP, as well as the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-17, and ADAMTS-5, while increasing IL-4 and TIMP-3 levels. Nano-ZT/Vit B12 significantly declined the LPO level and increased antioxidant activities, such as GSH content and GST activity, in the arthritic rats. In arthritic rats, Nano ZT/Vit B12 also reduced TGF-β mRNA gene expression and MMP-13 protein levels. Collectively, Nano ZT/Vit B12 seems to have anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, making it a promising option for RA in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehab Mahmoud
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Taha
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Fatma Mohamed Halfaya
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hassaballa
- Nutrition and Food Science, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- ZeroHarm L.C., Farmington Hills, Farmington, MI 48333, USA
| | - Esraa Salah Elbanna
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Esraa Khaled
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Farghali
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Fatma I. Abo El-Ela
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Samar M. Mahgoub
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Y. Zaky
- Molecular Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt
- Department of Oncology and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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Pi Z, Qiu X, Liu J, Shi Y, Zeng Z, Xiao R. Activating Protein-1 (AP-1): A Promising Target for the Treatment of Fibrotic Diseases. Curr Med Chem 2023; 31:CMC-EPUB-129375. [PMID: 36757030 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230209100059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The fibrosis of tissues and organs occurs via an aberrant tissue remodeling process characterized by an excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, which can lead to organ dysfunction, organ failure, and death. Because the pathogenesis of fibrosis remains unclear and elusive, there is currently no medication to reverse it; hence, this process deserves further study. Activating protein-1 (AP-1)-comprising Jun (c-Jun, JunB, JunD), Fos (c-fos, FosB, Fra1, and Fra2), and activating transcription factor-is a versatile dimeric transcription factor. Numerous studies have demonstrated that AP-1 plays a crucial role in advancing tissue and organ fibrosis via induction of the expression of fibrotic molecules and activating fibroblasts. This review focuses on the role of AP-1 in a range of fibrotic disorders as well as on the antifibrotic effects of AP-1 inhibitors. It also discusses the potential of AP-1 as a new therapeutic target in conditions involving tissue and organ fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Pi
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Xiangning Qiu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Jiani Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yaqian Shi
- Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Department of Dermatology Changsha China
| | - Zhuotong Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
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Arnhold J. Host-Derived Cytotoxic Agents in Chronic Inflammation and Disease Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24033016. [PMID: 36769331 PMCID: PMC9918110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24033016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
At inflammatory sites, cytotoxic agents are released and generated from invading immune cells and damaged tissue cells. The further fate of the inflammation highly depends on the presence of antagonizing principles that are able to inactivate these host-derived cytotoxic agents. As long as the affected tissues are well equipped with ready-to-use protective mechanisms, no damage by cytotoxic agents occurs and resolution of inflammation is initiated. However, long-lasting and severe immune responses can be associated with the decline, exhaustion, or inactivation of selected antagonizing principles. Hence, cytotoxic agents are only partially inactivated and contribute to damage of yet-unperturbed cells. Consequently, a chronic inflammatory process results. In this vicious circle of permanent cell destruction, not only novel cytotoxic elements but also novel alarmins and antigens are liberated from affected cells. In severe cases, very low protection leads to organ failure, sepsis, and septic shock. In this review, the major classes of host-derived cytotoxic agents (reactive species, oxidized heme proteins and free heme, transition metal ions, serine proteases, matrix metalloproteases, and pro-inflammatory peptides), their corresponding protective principles, and resulting implications on the pathogenesis of diseases are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Arnhold
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
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Demirtas L, Gürbüzel M, Akbas EM, Tahirler H, Karatas O, Kemal Arslan Y. The Effects of Sunitinib in Healthy and Cisplatin-Induced Rats. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200704. [PMID: 36703598 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Sunitinib is a multitargeted kinase inhibitor that inhibits many receptor tyrosine kinases and has been used in the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors, metastatic renal cell carcinoma, and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. In this study, the effects of sunitinib given to rats, both alone and after stress with cisplatin, were investigated. The animals were divided into four groups - (1) control group (C) administered interperitoneally with a single dose 0.9 % saline, (2) Cis group administered a single dose (7 mg/kg) of cisplatin, (3) Sun group administered 10 mg/kg sunitinib for seven days, and (4) Cis+Sun group administered 10 mg/kg sunitinib for seven days after a single dose (7 mg/kg) of cisplatin. After these applications, the rats were sacrificed, and blood and tissue samples were taken for biochemical and histopathological evaluations. Sunitinib did not show any effect on urea, creatine, and kidney IL1β and TGF-β3 expression levels when administered alone; it increased ALT, AST, and IL-38 levels. When sunitinib was given to the cisplatin-induced rats, it was observed that the increase in ALT, AST, and IL-38 levels increased more than the rats that was given only sunitinib. According to the data obtained, sunitinib does not cause a significant change in kidney tissue under both normal and stress conditions, while it creates stress in liver tissue. In addition, its toxicity in the liver becomes more certain as a result of its combination with cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levent Demirtas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, 24100, Erzincan, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Gürbüzel
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, 24100, Erzincan, Türkiye
| | - Emin Murat Akbas
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, 24100, Erzincan, Türkiye
| | - Hilal Tahirler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, 06010, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ozhan Karatas
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Türkiye
| | - Yusuf Kemal Arslan
- Department of Biostatistics, Medical Faculty, Çukurova University, 01330, Adana, Türkiye
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Sethuram L, Thomas J. Therapeutic applications of electrospun nanofibers impregnated with various biological macromolecules for effective wound healing strategy - A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:113996. [PMID: 36399827 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A Non-healing infected wound is an ever-growing global epidemic, with increasing burden of mortality rates and management costs. The problems of chronic wound infections and their outcomes will continue as long as their underlying causes like diabetic wounds grow and spread. Commercial wound therapies employed have limited potential that inhibits pivotal functions and tissue re-epithelialization properties resulting in wound infections. Nanomaterial based drug delivery formulations involving biological macromolecules are developing areas of interest in wound healing applications which are utilized in the re-epithelialization of skin with cost-effective preparations. Research conducted on nanofibers has shown enhanced skin establishment with improved cell proliferation and growth and delivery of bioactive organic molecules at the wound site. However, drug targeted delivery with anti-scarring properties and tissue regeneration aspects have not been updated and discussed in the case of macromolecule impregnated nanofibrous mats. Hence, this review focuses on the brief concepts of wound healing and wound management, therapeutic commercialized wound dressings currently available in the field of wound care, effective electrospun nanofibers impregnated with different biological macromolecules and advancement of nanomaterials for tissue engineering have been discussed. These new findings will pave the way for producing anti-scarring high effective wound scaffolds for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshimipriya Sethuram
- School of Bio Sciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - John Thomas
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Koike H, Harada M, Kusamoto A, Xu Z, Tanaka T, Sakaguchi N, Kunitomi C, Azhary JMK, Takahashi N, Urata Y, Osuga Y. Roles of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1124405. [PMID: 36875481 PMCID: PMC9975510 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1124405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among reproductive-age women, affecting up to 15% of women in this group, and the most common cause of anovulatory infertility. Although its etiology remains unclear, recent research has revealed the critical role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the pathophysiology of PCOS. ER stress is defined as a condition in which unfolded or misfolded proteins accumulate in the ER because of an imbalance in the demand for protein folding and the protein-folding capacity of the ER. ER stress results in the activation of several signal transduction cascades, collectively termed the unfolded protein response (UPR), which regulates various cellular activities. In principle, the UPR restores homeostasis and keeps the cell alive. However, if the ER stress cannot be resolved, it induces programmed cell death. ER stress has recently been recognized to play diverse roles in both physiological and pathological conditions of the ovary. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the roles of ER stress in the pathogenesis of PCOS. ER stress pathways are activated in the ovaries of both a mouse model of PCOS and in humans, and local hyperandrogenism in the follicular microenvironment associated with PCOS is responsible for activating these. The activation of ER stress contributes to the pathophysiology of PCOS through multiple effects in granulosa cells. Finally, we discuss the potential for ER stress to serve as a novel therapeutic target for PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Koike
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyuki Harada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Miyuki Harada,
| | - Akari Kusamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zixin Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsurugi Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nanoka Sakaguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chisato Kunitomi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jerilee M. K. Azhary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nozomi Takahashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Urata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Osuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Alka, Verma A, Mishra N, Singh N, Singh P, Nisha R, Pal RR, Saraf SA. Polymeric Gel Scaffolds and Biomimetic Environments for Wound Healing. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:3221-3239. [PMID: 37584354 DOI: 10.2174/1381612829666230816100631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Infected wounds that do not heal are a worldwide problem that is worsening, with more people dying and more money being spent on care. For any disease to be managed effectively, its root cause must be addressed. Effective wound care becomes a bigger problem when various traditional wound healing methods and products may not only fail to promote good healing. Still, it may also hinder the healing process, causing wounds to stay open longer. Progress in tissue regeneration has led to developing three-dimensional scaffolds (3D) or constructs that can be leveraged to facilitate cell growth and regeneration while preventing infection and accelerating wound healing. Tissue regeneration uses natural and fabricated biomaterials that encourage the growth of tissues or organs. Even though the clinical need is urgent, the demand for polymer-based therapeutic techniques for skin tissue abnormalities has grown quickly. Hydrogel scaffolds have become one of the most imperative 3D cross-linked scaffolds for tissue regeneration because they can hold water perfectly and are porous, biocompatible, biodegradable, and biomimetic. For damaged organs or tissues to heal well, the porosity topography of the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) should be imitated. This review details the scaffolds that heal wounds and helps skin tissue to develop. After a brief overview of the bioactive and drug-loaded polymeric hydrogels, the discussion moves on to how the scaffolds are made and what they are made of. It highlights the present uses of in vitro and in-vivo employed biomimetic scaffolds. The prospects of how well bioactiveloaded hydrogels heal wounds and how nanotechnology assists in healing and regeneration have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University Lucknow (A Central University), Uttar Pradesh, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishek Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University Lucknow (A Central University), Uttar Pradesh, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nidhi Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University Lucknow (A Central University), Uttar Pradesh, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neelu Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University Lucknow (A Central University), Uttar Pradesh, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priya Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University Lucknow (A Central University), Uttar Pradesh, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Raquibun Nisha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University Lucknow (A Central University), Uttar Pradesh, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Raj Pal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University Lucknow (A Central University), Uttar Pradesh, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shubhini A Saraf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University Lucknow (A Central University), Uttar Pradesh, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow, 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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66
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HBO1 as an Important Target for the Treatment of CCL4-Induced Liver Fibrosis and Aged-Related Liver Aging and Fibrosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1881519. [PMID: 36524217 PMCID: PMC9747301 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1881519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The liver is the largest digestive organ in the human body. The increasing incidence of chronic liver fibrosis is one of the major health challenges in the world. Liver fibrosis is a wound-healing response to acute or chronic cellular damage of liver tissue. At present, despite a series of research progress on the pathophysiological mechanism of fibrosis that has been made, there is still a gap in identifying antifibrotic targets and converting them into effective treatments. Therefore, it is extremely important to seek a molecular target that can alleviate or reverse liver fibrosis, which has important scientific and clinical significance. In the current study, to evaluate the therapeutic effect of HBO1 as a molecular target on liver aging and fibrosis, naturally-aged mice and CCL4-induced liver fibrosis mice were used as animal models, and multiple experiments were performed. Experimental results showed that HBO1 knockdown could strongly mitigate the accumulation of hepatic collagen by Masson and Sirius Red staining. Further study showed that HBO1 knockdown reduced the expression of fibrosis-related marker molecules (α-SMA, collagen type I (ColI), and fibronectin). Further work showed that HBO1 knockdown could significantly alleviate HSC activation. On this basis, we analyzed the underlying mechanism by which HBO1 alleviates liver fibrosis. It was found that HBO1 knockdown may modulate liver fibrosis by regulating the processes of EMT, inflammation, and oxidative stress. We further studied the effect of HBO1 knockdown on liver aging and aging-related liver fibrosis, and the results showed that HBO1 knockdown could significantly reduce the level of aging-related liver fibrosis and relieve liver aging. In conclusion, we systematically investigated the potential of HBO1 as a therapeutic target to attenuate liver fibrosis and liver aging. The current study found a crucial target for liver fibrosis and liver-aging therapy, which has laid a solid foundation for the liver fibrosis-related research.
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Latif A, Fisher LE, Dundas AA, Cuzzucoli Crucitti V, Imir Z, Lawler K, Pappalardo F, Muir BW, Wildman R, Irvine DJ, Alexander MR, Ghaemmaghami AM. Microparticles Decorated with Cell-Instructive Surface Chemistries Actively Promote Wound Healing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022:e2208364. [PMID: 36440539 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex biological process involving close crosstalk between various cell types. Dysregulation in any of these processes, such as in diabetic wounds, results in chronic nonhealing wounds. Fibroblasts are a critical cell type involved in the formation of granulation tissue, essential for effective wound healing. 315 different polymer surfaces are screened to identify candidates which actively drive fibroblasts toward either pro- or antiproliferative functional phenotypes. Fibroblast-instructive chemistries are identified, which are synthesized into surfactants to fabricate easy to administer microparticles for direct application to diabetic wounds. The pro-proliferative microfluidic derived particles are able to successfully promote neovascularization, granulation tissue formation, and wound closure after a single application to the wound bed. These active novel bio-instructive microparticles show great potential as a route to reducing the burden of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsalan Latif
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Leanne E Fisher
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Adam A Dundas
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | | | - Zeynep Imir
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Karen Lawler
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | | | - Benjamin W Muir
- Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organization, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Ricky Wildman
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Derek J Irvine
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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Jin F, Li Y, Wang X, Yang X, Li T, Xu H, Wei Z, Liu H. Effect of Sex Differences in Silicotic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214203. [PMID: 36430681 PMCID: PMC9697950 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of silicosis, caused by the inhalation of silica are still unclear, and the effect of sex on silicosis has rarely been reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether sex affects the silicotic lesions and the progressive fibrotic responses in silicosis. Our study showed that sex had no significant effect on the area of silicon nodules and the collagen deposition after a one-time bronchial perfusion of silica. Immunohistochemical staining showed that CD68 and the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were positive in male and female silicotic mice. In addition, the western blot results showed that the fibrosis-related factors type I collagen (COL I), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), vimentin, TGF-β1, p-SMAD2/3, inflammatory-related factors interleukin 6 (IL 6), interleukin 1β (IL 1β), and senescence-related factors p16 and p21 were up-regulated in silicotic mice and there was no difference between female or male mice exposed to silica. The expression of TGF-β1, p-SMAD2/3, p16, and p21 were downregulated in the early stage of female silicotic mice, compared to the males. Thus, despite differences in the expression of certain factors, there was no overall difference in the progressive fibrosis between female and male mice in silicosis. These results thus provide a new perspective for studying the pathological development of silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhongqiu Wei
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (H.L.); Tel.: +86-0315-8816236 (Z.W.); +86-139-3349-9300 (H.L.)
| | - Heliang Liu
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (H.L.); Tel.: +86-0315-8816236 (Z.W.); +86-139-3349-9300 (H.L.)
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69
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Fang D, Chen B, Lescoat A, Khanna D, Mu R. Immune cell dysregulation as a mediator of fibrosis in systemic sclerosis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2022; 18:683-693. [DOI: 10.1038/s41584-022-00864-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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70
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Immunophenotypic and molecular characterization of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors producing serotonin. Mod Pathol 2022; 35:1713-1722. [PMID: 35739266 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-022-01110-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin producing pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (SP-PanNET) account for 0.58-1.4% of all pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNET). They may present with atypical symptoms, such as acute pancreatitis and are often radiologically characterized by main pancreatic duct dilatation. SP-PanNET are well differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NET) distinct from classical PanNET by atypical serotonin secretion and abundant dense stroma deposition, like serotonin producing ileal NET leading in some cases to difficulties to reliably distinguish SP-PanNET from ileal NET metastases. The biology and molecular profile of SP-PanNET remain poorly characterized and the cell of origin within the pancreas is unclear. To address these questions, we analyzed a large cohort of SP-PanNET by immunohistochemistry (n = 29; ATRX, DAXX, MENIN, Islet1, PAX6, PDX1, ARX, CDX2), whole genome copy number array (Oncoscan™) and a large NGS panel (NovoPM™) (n = 10), FISH (n = 13) and RNA sequencing (n = 24) together with 21 ileal NET and 29 nonfunctioning PanNET (NF-PanNET). These analyses revealed a unique genomic profile with frequent isolated loss of chromosome 1 (14 cases-61%) and few pathogenic mutations (KMT2C in 2 cases, ARID1A in 1 case). Unsupervised RNAseq-based clustering showed that SP-PanNET were closer to NF-PanNET than ileal NET with an exclusive beta cell-like signature. SP-PanNET showed TGF-β pathway activation signatures associated with extracellular matrix remodeling and similar signature were reproduced in vitro when pancreatic stellate cells were exposed to serotonin. SP-PanNET immunohistochemical profile resemble that of ileal NET except for PDX1 and PAX6 expression to a lesser extend suggesting that these two markers may be useful to diagnose SP-PanNET. Taken together, this suggests that SP-PanNET are a very specific PanNET entity with a peculiar biology leading to the characteristic fibrotic aspect.
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71
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Cheng J, Feng Y, Feng X, Wu D, Lu X, Rao Z, Li C, Lin N, Jia C, Zhang Q. Improving the immunomodulatory function of mesenchymal stem cells by defined chemical approach. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1005426. [PMID: 36203584 PMCID: PMC9530344 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1005426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) is a potential therapeutic material that has self-renewal, multilineage differentiation, and immunomodulation properties. However, the biological function of MSCs may decline due to the influence of donor differences and the in vitro expansion environment, which hinders the advancement of MSC-based clinical therapy. Here, we investigated a method for improving the immunomodulatory function of MSCs with the help of small-molecule compounds, A-83-01, CHIR99021, and Y27632 (ACY). The results showed that small-molecule induced MSCs (SM-MSCs) could enhance their immunosuppressive effects on T cells and macrophages. In vivo studies showed that, in contrast to control MSCs (Ctrl-MSCs), SM-MSCs could inhibit the inflammatory response in mouse models of delayed hypersensitivity and acute peritonitis more effectively. In addition, SM-MSCs showed the stronger ability to inhibit the infiltration of pro-inflammatory T cells and macrophages. Thus, small-molecule compounds ACY could better promote the immunomodulatory effect of MSCs, indicating it could be a potential improving method in MSC culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Cheng
- Cell-Gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Feng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Feng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Donghao Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Lu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihua Rao
- Tangxia Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuiping Li
- Cell-Gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Nan Lin, ; Changchang Jia, ; Qi Zhang,
| | - Changchang Jia
- Cell-Gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Nan Lin, ; Changchang Jia, ; Qi Zhang,
| | - Qi Zhang
- Cell-Gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Nan Lin, ; Changchang Jia, ; Qi Zhang,
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TGFβ1-Pretreated Exosomes of Wharton Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cell as a Therapeutic Strategy for Improving Liver Fibrosis. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon-123416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the most promising tools for cell treatment and human tissue regeneration, e.g., in liver fibrosis. Mesenchymal stem cells repair tissue damage through paracrine mediators such as exosomes. Types and concentrations of inflammatory mediators, including transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ1), in MSCs microenvironment can affect MSCs’ function and therapeutic potency. Objectives: This experimental study aimed to explore the effects of Wharton jelly MSCs (WJ-MSCs) exosomes on fibrotic gene expression and Smad2/3 phosphorylation (phospho-Smad2/3 (p-Smad2/3)). Moreover, we further investigated whether WJ-MSCs pretreatment with different concentrations of TGFβ1 changes the anti-fibrotic properties of their exosomes. Methods: After isolation from the umbilical cord, WJ-MSCs were characterized by observing differentiation and measuring surface biomarkers using flowcytometry. The WJ-MSC-derived exosomes were extracted and identified using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and western blotting. Real-time PCR and western blot for extracellular matrix (ECM) and p-Smad2/3 expression detection were used to investigate the effect of exosomes from untreated and TGFβ1-pretreated WJ-MSCs on activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Results: Phospho-Smad2/3, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and collagen1α1 levels were enhanced following treatment with TGFβ1, whereas E-cadherin was decreased. However, the outcomes were reversed after treatment with WJ-MSC-derived exosomes. Exosomes from TGFβ1-pretreated WJ-MSCs induced a significant decrease in p-Smad2/3 levels in activated HSCs, accompanied by the upregulation of E-cadherin gene expression and downregulation of α-SMA and collagen1α1 when compared to untreated WJ-MSC-derived exosomes. The p-Smad2/3 proteins were significantly decreased (fold change: 0.23, P-value < 0.0001) after exposure to low-dose TGFβ1-pretreated WJ-MSC-derived exosomes (0.1 ng/mL), showing the best effect on activated HSCs. Conclusions: Exosomes derived from untreated WJ-MSCs could regress TGFβ-Smad2/3 signaling and the expression of fibrotic markers in activated LX-2 cells. However, these effects were significantly profound with applying exosomes derived from 0.1 ng/mL TGFβ-pretreated WJ-MSCs. We also observed the dose-response effects of TGFβ on WJ-MSCs-derived exosomes. Therefore, exosomes derived from TGFβ-pretreated WJ-MSCs may be critical in improving fibrosis and benefit liver fibrosis patients.
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Melissaropoulos K, Iliopoulos G, Sakkas LI, Daoussis D. Pathogenetic Aspects of Systemic Sclerosis: A View Through the Prism of B Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:925741. [PMID: 35812378 PMCID: PMC9259786 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.925741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare fibrotic rheumatic disease, associated with psychological distress and increased morbidity and mortality due to skin involvement and internal organ damage. The current understanding of the complex pathogenesis is yet incomplete and disease therapeutic algorithms are far from optimal. Immunologic aberrations are considered key factors for the disease, along with vascular involvement and excess fibrosis. Adaptive immunity and its specialized responses are an attractive research target and both T and B cells have been extensively studied in recent years. In the present review, the focus is placed on B cells in SSc. B cell homeostasis is deranged and B cell subsets exhibit an activated phenotype and abnormal receptor signaling. Autoantibodies are a hallmark of the disease and the current perception of their diagnostic and pathogenetic role is analyzed. In addition, B cell cytokine release and its effect on immunity and fibrosis are examined, together with B cell tissue infiltration of the skin and lung. These data support the concept of targeting B cells as part of the therapeutic plan for SSc through well designed clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George Iliopoulos
- Department of Rheumatology , University of Patras Medical School, Patras University Hospital, Patras, Greece
| | - Lazaros I. Sakkas
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Daoussis
- Department of Rheumatology , University of Patras Medical School, Patras University Hospital, Patras, Greece
- *Correspondence: Dimitrios Daoussis,
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Wen J, Zhu H, Li X, Huang J, Chen Y, Yang Q. [Inhibition of Sonic Hedgehog signaling inhibits fibrous scar formation and adversely affects functional outcome after ischemic brain injury in rats]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2022; 42:840-848. [PMID: 35790434 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.06.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of inhibiting Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling on fibrous scar formation and functional outcome after ischemic brain injury. METHODS Adult SD rats were randomized into sham-operated group, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and reperfusion (I/R) group, I/R with intraventricular empty adenoviral vector (rAd-NC) injection group, and I/R with adenovirus-mediated Shh knockdown (rAd-ShShh) group. After the treatments, the neurological deficits of the rats were assessed, and the protein and mRNA expressions of fibronectin (Fn), α-SMA, and Shh in the ischemic hemisphere were detected with immunofluorescence assay and qPCR; TUNEL staining was used for detecting neural cell apoptosis. In the cell experiment, primary meningeal fibroblasts isolated from neonatal SD rats were pretreated for 24 h with TGF-β1 or TGF-β1 plus cyclopamine (CYC) before oxygen-glucose deprivation for 150 min followed by reoxygenation for 72 h (OGD/R). CCK-8 assay and scratch test were performed to examine the changes in cell proliferation and migration, and immunofluorescence assay, qPCR and Western blotting were used for detecting cell transformation and the expressions of Shh, α-SMA, and Fn. RESULTS Cerebral I/R injury significantly increased the protein and mRNA expressions of Shh, α-SMA, and Fn in the ischemic hemisphere of the rats, but their expression levels were significantly lowered by intraventricular injection of rAd-Shshh (P < 0.05), which obviously increased cell apoptosis in the ischemic hemisphere (P < 0.05) and improved modified mNSS and modified Bederson scores of the rats (P < 0.05). In the cell experiment, pretreatment with TGF-β1 and TGF-β1+CYC both increased the viability of the primary meningeal fibroblasts after OGD/R. TGF-β1 significantly enhanced the migration ability and induced obvious transformation of the exposed cells (P < 0.05), but these effects were significantly attenuated by co-treatment with CYC (P < 0.05). The expressions of Shh, α-SMA and Fn in the TGF-β1 group were all significantly higher in TGF-β1-treated cells (P < 0.05) and were obviously lowered by co-treatment with CYC (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Inhibition of Shh signaling may inhibit fibrous scar formation and functional recovery in rats after ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wen
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - H Zhu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - X Li
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - J Huang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Q Yang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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75
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Hu P, Leyton L, Hagood JS, Barker TH. Thy-1-Integrin Interactions in cis and Trans Mediate Distinctive Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:928510. [PMID: 35733855 PMCID: PMC9208718 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.928510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Thy-1 is a cell surface glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored glycoprotein that bears a broad mosaic of biological roles across various cell types. Thy-1 displays strong physiological and pathological implications in development, cancer, immunity, and tissue fibrosis. Quite uniquely, Thy-1 is capable of mediating integrin-related signaling through direct trans- and cis-interaction with integrins. Both interaction types have shown distinctive roles, even when interacting with the same type of integrin, where binding in trans or in cis often yields divergent signaling events. In this review, we will revisit recent progress and discoveries of Thy-1–integrin interactions in trans and in cis, highlight their pathophysiological consequences and explore other potential binding partners of Thy-1 within the integrin regulation/signaling paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Lisette Leyton
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - James S. Hagood
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Program for Rare and Interstitial Lung Disease, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Thomas H. Barker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- *Correspondence: Thomas H. Barker,
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Wan Z, Li X, Sun J, Li X, Liu Z, Dong H, Zhou Q, Qiu H, Xu J, Yang T, Wang WJ, Ou Y. Peripheral Blood Transcripts Predict Preoperative Obstructive Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:892000. [PMID: 35711367 PMCID: PMC9194086 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.892000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of accessible noninvasive tools to examine the molecular alterations limits our understanding of the causes of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC), as well as the identification of effective operational strategies. Here, we consecutively enrolled peripheral leukocyte transcripts of 26 preoperative obstructive and 22 non-obstructive patients with TAPVC. Two-hundred and fifty six differentially expressed mRNA and 27 differentially expressed long noncoding RNA transcripts were dysregulated. The up-regulated mRNA was enriched in the hydrogen peroxide catabolic process, response to mechanical stimulus, neutrophil degranulation, hemostasis, response to bacterium, and the NABA CORE MATRISOME pathway, all of which are associated with the development of fibrosis. Furthermore, we constructed predictive models using multiple machine-learning algorithms and tested the performance in the validation set. The mRNA NR3C2 and lncRNA MEG3 were screened based on multiple iterations. The random forest prediction model can predict preoperative obstruction patients in the validation set with high accuracy (area under curve = 1; sensitivity = 1). These data highlight the potential of peripheral leukocyte transcripts to evaluate obstructive-related pathophysiological alterations, leading to precision healthcare solutions that could improve patient survival after surgery. It also provides a novel direction for the study of preoperative obstructive TAPVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunmin Wan
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinghua Sun
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Haojian Dong
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Hailong Qiu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Tingyu Yang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Yanqiu Ou
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yanqiu Ou
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77
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Dupont S, Wickström SA. Mechanical regulation of chromatin and transcription. Nat Rev Genet 2022; 23:624-643. [DOI: 10.1038/s41576-022-00493-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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78
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TGF-β as a Key Modulator of Astrocyte Reactivity: Disease Relevance and Therapeutic Implications. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051206. [PMID: 35625943 PMCID: PMC9138510 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are essential for normal brain development and functioning. They respond to brain injury and disease through a process referred to as reactive astrogliosis, where the reactivity is highly heterogenous and context-dependent. Reactive astrocytes are active contributors to brain pathology and can exert beneficial, detrimental, or mixed effects following brain insults. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has been identified as one of the key factors regulating astrocyte reactivity. The genetic and pharmacological manipulation of the TGF-β signaling pathway in animal models of central nervous system (CNS) injury and disease alters pathological and functional outcomes. This review aims to provide recent understanding regarding astrocyte reactivity and TGF-β signaling in brain injury, aging, and neurodegeneration. Further, it explores how TGF-β signaling modulates astrocyte reactivity and function in the context of CNS disease and injury.
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Downregulation of lncRNA Miat contributes to the protective effect of electroacupuncture against myocardial fibrosis. Chin Med 2022; 17:57. [PMID: 35578250 PMCID: PMC9112552 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00615-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Myocardial fibrosis changes the structure of myocardium, leads to cardiac dysfunction and induces arrhythmia and cardiac ischemia, threatening patients’ lives. Electroacupuncture at PC6 (Neiguan) was previously found to inhibit myocardial fibrosis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a variety of regulatory functions in myocardial fibrosis, but whether electroacupuncture can inhibit myocardial fibrosis by regulating lncRNA has rarely been reported. Methods In this study, we constructed myocardial fibrosis rat models using isoproterenol (ISO) and treated rats with electroacupuncture at PC6 point and non-point as control. Hematoxylin–eosin, Masson and Sirius Red staining were performed to assess the pathological changes and collagen deposition. The expression of fibrosis-related markers in rat myocardial tissue were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Miat, an important long non-coding RNA, was selected to study the regulation of myocardial fibrosis by electroacupuncture at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. In post-transcriptional level, we explored the myocardial fibrosis regulation effect of Miat on the sponge effect of miR-133a-3p. At the transcriptional level, we studied the formation of heterodimer PPARG–RXRA complex and promotion of the TGF-β1 transcription. Results Miat was overexpressed by ISO injection in rats. We found that Miat can play a dual regulatory role in myocardial fibrosis. Miat can sponge miR-133a-3p in an Ago2-dependent manner, reduce the binding of miR-133a-3p target to the 3ʹUTR region of CTGF mRNA and improve the protein expression level of CTGF. In addition, it can also directly bind with PPARG protein, inhibit the formation of heterodimer PPARG–RXRA complex and then promote the transcription of TGF-β1. Electroacupuncture at PC6 point, but not at non-points, can reduce the expression of Miat, thus inhibiting the expression of CTGF and TGF-β1 and inhibiting myocardial fibrosis. Conclusion We revealed that electroacupuncture at PC6 point can inhibit the process of myocardial fibrosis by reducing the expression of lncRNA Miat, which is a potential therapeutic method for myocardial fibrosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13020-022-00615-6.
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Salido-Medina AB, Gil A, Expósito V, Martínez F, Redondo JM, Hurlé MA, Nistal JF, García R. BMP7-based peptide agonists of BMPR1A protect the left ventricle against pathological remodeling induced by pressure overload. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112910. [PMID: 35616049 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aortic stenosis (AS) exposes the left ventricle (LV) to pressure overload leading to detrimental LV remodeling and heart failure. In animal models of cardiac injury or hemodynamic stress, bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP7) protects LV against remodeling by counteracting TGF-β effects. BMP receptor 1A (BMPR1A) might mediate BMP7 antifibrotic effects. Herein we evaluated BMP7-based peptides, THR123 and THR184, agonists of BMPR1A, as cardioprotective drugs in a pressure overload model. We studied patients with AS, mice subjected to four-week transverse aortic constriction (TAC) and TAC release (de-TAC). The LV of AS patients and TAC mice featured Bmpr1a downregulation. Also, pSMAD1/5/(8)9 was reduced in TAC mice. Pre-emptive treatment of mice with THR123 and THR184, during the four-week TAC period, normalized pSMAD1/5/(8)9 levels in the LV, attenuated overexpression of remodeling-related genes (Col 1α1, β-MHC, BNP), palliated structural damage (hypertrophy and fibrosis) and alleviated LV dysfunction (systolic and diastolic). THR184 administration, starting fifteen days after TAC, halted the ongoing remodeling and partially reversed LV dysfunction. The reverse remodeling after pressure overload release was facilitated by THR184. Both peptides diminished the TGF-β1-induced hypertrophic gene program in cardiomyocytes, collagen transcriptional activation in fibroblasts, and differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. Molecular docking suggests that both peptides bind with similar binding energies to the BMP7 binding domain at the BMPR1A. The present study results provide a preclinical proof-of-concept of potential therapeutic benefits of BMP7-based small peptides, which function as agonists of BMPR1A, against the pathological LV remodeling in the context of aortic stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aritz Gil
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecillla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain; Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla (HUMV), Santander, Spain
| | - Víctor Expósito
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecillla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain; Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla (HUMV), Santander, Spain
| | - Fernando Martínez
- Bioinformatics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en RED en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan M Redondo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en RED en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain; Gene regulation in cardiovascular remodeling and inflammation group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María A Hurlé
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecillla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - J Francisco Nistal
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecillla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en RED en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y Quirúrgicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Servicio de Cirugía Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla (HUMV), Santander, Spain.
| | - Raquel García
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecillla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain.
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The Synergistic Cooperation between TGF-β and Hypoxia in Cancer and Fibrosis. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050635. [PMID: 35625561 PMCID: PMC9138354 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine regulating homeostasis and immune responses in adult animals and humans. Aberrant and overactive TGF-β signaling promotes cancer initiation and fibrosis through epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as the invasion and metastatic growth of cancer cells. TGF-β is a key factor that is active during hypoxic conditions in cancer and is thereby capable of contributing to angiogenesis in various types of cancer. Another potent role of TGF-β is suppressing immune responses in cancer patients. The strong tumor-promoting effects of TGF-β and its profibrotic effects make it a focus for the development of novel therapeutic strategies against cancer and fibrosis as well as an attractive drug target in combination with immune regulatory checkpoint inhibitors. TGF-β belongs to a family of cytokines that exert their function through signaling via serine/threonine kinase transmembrane receptors to intracellular Smad proteins via the canonical pathway and in combination with co-regulators such as the adaptor protein and E3 ubiquitin ligases TRAF4 and TRAF6 to promote non-canonical pathways. Finally, the outcome of gene transcription initiated by TGF-β is context-dependent and controlled by signals exerted by other growth factors such as EGF and Wnt. Here, we discuss the synergistic cooperation between TGF-β and hypoxia in development, fibrosis and cancer.
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82
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Forton FM. Rosacea, an infectious disease: why rosacea with papulopustules should be considered a demodicosis. A narrative review. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36:987-1002. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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83
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Joannes A, Morzadec C, Duclos M, Gutierrez FL, Chiforeanu DC, Le Naoures C, De Latour B, Rouzé S, Wollin L, Jouneau S, Vernhet L. Arsenic trioxide inhibits the functions of lung fibroblasts derived from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 441:115972. [PMID: 35276128 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.115972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and fatal interstitial lung disease. Currently, no treatment can block or reverse the development of lung fibrosis in patients suffering from IPF. Recent studies indicate that arsenic trioxide (ATO), a safe, effective anti-cancer pro-oxidant drug, prevents the differentiation of normal human lung fibroblasts (NHLFs) in vitro and reduces experimental pulmonary fibrosis in vivo. In this context, we investigated the anti-fibrotic effects of ATO on the main fibrosis functions of human lung fibroblasts (HLFs) isolated from patients with IPF. IPF and non-IPF (control) HLFs were incubated with 0.01-1 μM ATO and stimulated with pro-fibrotic factors (PDGF-BB or TGF-β1). We measured their rates of proliferation, migration and differentiation and the cell stress response triggered by ATO. ATO did not affect cell viability but strongly inhibited the proliferation and migration of PDGF-BB-stimulated IPF and control HLFs. ATO also prevented myofibroblastic differentiation, as assessed by the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen-1, and the phosphorylation of SMAD2/3 in TGF-β1-stimulated HLFs. These antifibrotic effects were associated with increased expression of the transcription factor NRF2 and its target genes NQO1 and HMOX1. Genetic silencing of NRF2 inhibited the ATO-induced cell stress response but did not prevent the ATO-dependent inhibition of α-SMA expression in TGF-β1-stimulated HLFs. The results demonstrate that ATO, at concentrations similar to exposure in blood plasma of ATO-treated cancer patients, counteracted pro-fibrotic activities of HLFs from IPF patients. We propose to consider ATO for clinical exploration to define the therapeutic potential in patients with IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Joannes
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Claudie Morzadec
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Maëla Duclos
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | | | | | - Cécile Le Naoures
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, Rennes University Hospital, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Bertrand De Latour
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Rennes University Hospital, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Simon Rouzé
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Rennes University Hospital, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Lutz Wollin
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co, KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Stéphane Jouneau
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France; Department of Respiratory Diseases, Competence Center for Rare Pulmonary Disease, Rennes University Hospital, 35033, Rennes, France
| | - Laurent Vernhet
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
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Horn LA, Chariou PL, Gameiro SR, Qin H, Iida M, Fousek K, Meyer TJ, Cam M, Flies D, Langermann S, Schlom J, Palena C. Remodeling the tumor microenvironment via blockade of LAIR-1 and TGF-β signaling enables PD-L1-mediated tumor eradication. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:155148. [PMID: 35230974 PMCID: PMC9012291 DOI: 10.1172/jci155148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagens in the extracellular matrix (ECM) provide a physical barrier to tumor immune infiltration, while also acting as a ligand for immune inhibitory receptors. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a key contributor to shaping the ECM by stimulating the production and remodeling of collagens. TGF-β activation signatures and collagen-rich environments have both been associated with T cell exclusion and lack of responses to immunotherapy. Here, we describe the effect of targeting collagens that signal through the inhibitory leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor-1 (LAIR-1) in combination with blockade of TGF-β and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). This approach remodeled the tumor collagenous matrix, enhanced tumor infiltration and activation of CD8+ T cells, and repolarized suppressive macrophage populations, resulting in high cure rates and long-term tumor-specific protection across murine models of colon and mammary carcinoma. The results highlight the advantage of direct targeting of ECM components in combination with immune checkpoint blockade therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Horn
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Paul L Chariou
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Sofia R Gameiro
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Haiyan Qin
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Masafumi Iida
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Kristen Fousek
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Thomas J Meyer
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Margaret Cam
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Dallas Flies
- Research, NextCure, Inc., Beltsville, United States of America
| | | | - Jeffrey Schlom
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Claudia Palena
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
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85
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Pinkaew D, Martinez-Hackert E, Jia W, King MD, Miao F, Enger NR, Silakit R, Ramana K, Chen SY, Fujise K. Fortilin interacts with TGF-β1 and prevents TGF-β receptor activation. Commun Biol 2022; 5:157. [PMID: 35197550 PMCID: PMC8866402 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03112-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fortilin is a 172-amino acid multifunctional protein present in both intra- and extracellular spaces. Although fortilin binds and regulates various cellular proteins, the biological role of extracellular fortilin remains unknown. Here we report that fortilin specifically interacts with TGF-β1 and prevents it from activating the TGF-β1 signaling pathway. In a standard immunoprecipitation-western blot assay, fortilin co-immunoprecipitates TGF-β1 and its isoforms. The modified ELISA assay shows that TGF-β1 remains complexed with fortilin in human serum. Both bio-layer interferometry and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) reveal that fortilin directly bind TGF-β1. The SPR analysis also reveals that fortilin and the TGF-β receptor II (TGFβRII) compete for TGF-β1. Both luciferase and secreted alkaline phosphatase reporter assays show that fortilin prevents TGF-β1 from activating Smad3 binding to Smad-binding element. Fortilin inhibits the phosphorylation of Smad3 in both quantitative western blot assays and ELISA. Finally, fortilin inhibits TGFβ-1-induced differentiation of C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal progenitor cells to smooth muscle cells. A computer-assisted virtual docking reveals that fortilin occupies the pocket of TGF-β1 that is normally occupied by TGFβRII and that TGF-β1 can bind either fortilin or TGFβRII at any given time. These data support the role of extracellular fortilin as a negative regulator of the TGF-β1 signaling pathway. Fortilin prevents the activation of the TGF-β1 receptor by occupying the pocket of TGF-β1 and competing with TGF-βRII to bind with TGF-β1. This inhibits Smad3 phosphorylation and the differentiation of C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal progenitor cells to smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Decha Pinkaew
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Erik Martinez-Hackert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Wei Jia
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Matthew D King
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - Fei Miao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Nicole R Enger
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Runglawan Silakit
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Kota Ramana
- Department of Biochemistry, Noorda College of Osteopathic Medicine, Provo, UT, 84606, USA
| | - Shi-You Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Ken Fujise
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
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86
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Wang X, Wan W, Lu J, Zhang Y, Quan G, Pan X, Wu Z, Liu P. Inhalable cryptotanshinone spray-dried swellable microparticles for pulmonary fibrosis therapy by regulating TGF-β1/Smad3, STAT3 and SIRT3 pathways. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 172:177-192. [PMID: 35202797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cryptotanshinone (CTS) is a promising therapeutic option for pulmonary fibrosis (PF). However, clinical applications of CTS are limited owing to high photosensitivity and poor oral bioavailability. Pulmonary drug delivery, especially sustained pulmonary drug delivery, is promising for local treatment of chronic lung diseases. In this study, CTS was encapsulated in an optimized chitosan/L-leucine-based swellable microparticles (SMs) system, which exhibited an appropriate aerosolization performance, sustained release and storage stability. SMs enhanced the in vitro anti-fibrosis efficacy of CTS as shown by the improved cellular uptake. The effect of PF status on in vivo fate of the pulmonary delivered drug was also assessed. Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of oral and pulmonary delivery CTS in bleomycin-induced PF rats were compared. Pulmonary delivery exhibited high drug concentrations in pulmonary lesion areas, with reduced exposure to blood and non-targeted tissues after administration at a significantly lower dose compared with oral delivery. Moreover, PF pathological status enhanced activity of SMs, implying that pulmonary delivery was highly effective for PF treatment. Compared to oral delivery, Inhaled SMs showed comparable or even better efficacies at approximately 60-fold low dose compared with oral delivery. A sustained efficacy was observed under a prolonged administration interval (corresponding to half the total dose). Inhalation safety of SMs was established, and important mechanism-related signaling pathways against PF were investigated in vitro and in vivo. In summary, the findings showed that the developed CTS-loaded sustained pulmonary delivery system is a safe and effective strategy for chronic PF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhua Wang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wei Wan
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jing Lu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guilan Quan
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Xin Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhongkai Wu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Peiqing Liu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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87
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Coentro JQ, Di Nubila A, May U, Prince S, Zwaagstra J, Järvinen TAH, Zeugolis D. Dual drug delivery collagen vehicles for modulation of skin fibrosis in vitro. Biomed Mater 2022; 17. [PMID: 35176732 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac5673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Single molecule drug delivery systems have failed to yield functional therapeutic outcomes, triggering investigations into multi-molecular drug delivery vehicles. In the context of skin fibrosis, although multi-drug systems have been assessed, no system has assessed molecular combinations that directly and specifically reduce cell proliferation, collagen synthesis and transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) expression. Herein, a core-shell collagen type I hydrogel system was developed for the dual delivery of a TGFβ trap, a soluble recombinant protein that inhibits TGFβ signalling, and Trichostatin A (TSA), a small molecule inhibitor of histone deacetylases. The antifibrotic potential of the dual delivery system was assessed in an in vitro skin fibrosis model induced by macromolecular crowding (MMC) and TGFβ1. SDS-PAGE and HPLC analyses revealed that ~ 50 % of the TGFβ trap and ~ 30 % of the TSA were released from the core and shell compartments, respectively, of the hydrogel system after 10 days (longest time point assessed) in culture. As a direct consequence of this slow release, the core (TGFβ trap) / shell (TSA) hydrogel system induced significantly (p < 0.05) lower than the control group (MMC and TGFβ1) collagen type I deposition (assessed via SDS-PAGE and immunocytochemistry), α smooth muscle actin (αSMA) expression (assessed via immunocytochemistry) and cellular proliferation (assessed via DNA quantification) and viability (assessed via calcein AM and ethidium homodimer-I staining) after 10 days in culture. On the other hand, direct TSA-TGFβ supplementation induced the lowest (p < 0.05) collagen type I deposition, αSMA expression and cellular proliferation and viability after 10 days in culture. Our results illustrate the potential of core-shell collagen hydrogel systems for sustained delivery of antifibrotic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Q Coentro
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL) and Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway, Biomedical Sciences Building, Galway, Galway, IRELAND
| | - Alessia Di Nubila
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL) and Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway, Biomedical Sciences Building, Galway, Galway, IRELAND
| | - Ulrike May
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Technology, Tampere University, Kalevantie 4, Tampere, 33014, FINLAND
| | - Stuart Prince
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Technology, Tampere University, Kalevantie 4, Tampere, 33014, FINLAND
| | - John Zwaagstra
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, K1A 0R6, CANADA
| | - Tero A H Järvinen
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Technology, Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine & Health Technology, Tampere, 33014, FINLAND
| | - Dimitrios Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Charles Institute of Dermatology, University College Dublin, Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research and School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, Dublin, 4, IRELAND
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88
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Poppelaars F, Gaya da Costa M, Faria B, Eskandari SK, Damman J, Seelen MA. A functional TGFB1 polymorphism in the donor associates with long-term graft survival after kidney transplantation. Clin Kidney J 2022; 15:278-286. [PMID: 35145642 PMCID: PMC8824786 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfab175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Improvement of long-term outcomes in kidney transplantation remains one of the most pressing challenges, yet drug development is stagnating. Human genetics offers an opportunity for much-needed target validation in transplantation. Conflicting data exist about the effect of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) on kidney transplant survival, since TGF-β1 has pro-fibrotic and protective effects. We investigated the impact of a recently discovered functional TGFB1 polymorphism on kidney graft survival. Methods We performed an observational cohort study analysing recipient and donor DNA in 1271 kidney transplant pairs from the University Medical Centre Groningen in The Netherlands, and associated a low-producing TGFB1 polymorphism (rs1800472-C > T) with 5-, 10- and 15-year death-censored kidney graft survival. Results Donor genotype frequencies of rs1800472 in TGFB1 differed significantly between patients with and without graft loss (P = 0.014). Additionally, the low-producing TGFB1 polymorphism in the donor was associated with an increased risk of graft loss following kidney transplantation (hazard ratio = 2.12 for the T-allele; 95% confidence interval 1.18–3.79; P = 0.012). The incidence of graft loss within 15 years of follow-up was 16.4% in the CC-genotype group and 31.6% in the CT-genotype group. After adjustment for transplant-related covariates, the association between the TGFB1 polymorphism in the donor and graft loss remained significant. In contrast, there was no association between the TGFB1 polymorphism in the recipient and graft loss. Conclusions Kidney allografts possessing a low-producing TGFB1 polymorphism have a higher risk of late graft loss. Our study adds to a growing body of evidence that TGF-β1 is beneficial, rather than harmful, for kidney transplant survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Poppelaars
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mariana Gaya da Costa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bernardo Faria
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Nephrology and Infectious Disease R&D Group, INEB, Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Siawosh K Eskandari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Damman
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc A Seelen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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89
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Magnusson JM, Bobbio E, Danielsson C, Wallinder A, Dellgren G, Bollano E. A Retrospective Study of Posttransplant Amiodarone Exposition on Clad Development and Survival After Lung Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2022; 54:789-794. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2021.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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90
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Andre P, Joshi SR, Briscoe SD, Alexander MJ, Li G, Kumar R. Therapeutic Approaches for Treating Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension by Correcting Imbalanced TGF-β Superfamily Signaling. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:814222. [PMID: 35141256 PMCID: PMC8818880 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.814222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease characterized by high blood pressure in the pulmonary circulation driven by pathological remodeling of distal pulmonary arteries, leading typically to death by right ventricular failure. Available treatments improve physical activity and slow disease progression, but they act primarily as vasodilators and have limited effects on the biological cause of the disease—the uncontrolled proliferation of vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Imbalanced signaling by the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily contributes extensively to dysregulated vascular cell proliferation in PAH, with overactive pro-proliferative SMAD2/3 signaling occurring alongside deficient anti-proliferative SMAD1/5/8 signaling. We review the TGF-β superfamily mechanisms underlying PAH pathogenesis, superfamily interactions with inflammation and mechanobiological forces, and therapeutic strategies under development that aim to restore SMAD signaling balance in the diseased pulmonary arterial vessels. These strategies could potentially reverse pulmonary arterial remodeling in PAH by targeting causative mechanisms and therefore hold significant promise for the PAH patient population.
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91
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Zhou TA, Hsu HP, Tu YH, Cheng HK, Lin CY, Chen NJ, Tsai JW, Robey EA, Huang HC, Hsu CL, Dzhagalov IL. Thymic macrophages consist of two populations with distinct localization and origin. eLife 2022; 11:75148. [PMID: 36449334 PMCID: PMC9754631 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident macrophages are essential to protect from pathogen invasion and maintain organ homeostasis. The ability of thymic macrophages to engulf apoptotic thymocytes is well appreciated, but little is known about their ontogeny, maintenance, and diversity. Here, we characterized the surface phenotype and transcriptional profile of these cells and defined their expression signature. Thymic macrophages were most closely related to spleen red pulp macrophages and Kupffer cells and shared the expression of the transcription factor (TF) SpiC with these cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) showed that the macrophages in the adult thymus are composed of two populations distinguished by the expression of Timd4 and Cx3cr1. Remarkably, Timd4+ cells were located in the cortex, while Cx3cr1+ macrophages were restricted to the medulla and the cortico-medullary junction. Using shield chimeras, transplantation of embryonic thymuses, and genetic fate mapping, we found that the two populations have distinct origins. Timd4+ thymic macrophages are of embryonic origin, while Cx3cr1+ macrophages are derived from adult hematopoietic stem cells. Aging has a profound effect on the macrophages in the thymus. Timd4+ cells underwent gradual attrition, while Cx3cr1+ cells slowly accumulated with age and, in older mice, were the dominant macrophage population in the thymus. Altogether, our work defines the phenotype, origin, and diversity of thymic macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyng-An Zhou
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Hsuan-Po Hsu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yueh-Hua Tu
- Bioinformatics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Institute of Information Science, Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Hui-Kuei Cheng
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Lin
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Nien-Jung Chen
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Jin-Wu Tsai
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Ellen A Robey
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Hsuan-Cheng Huang
- Bioinformatics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Institute of Information Science, Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan,Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Hsu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Ivan L Dzhagalov
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
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92
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Zhou HY, Sui H, Zhao YJ, Qian HJ, Yang N, Liu L, Guan Q, Zhou Y, Lin HL, Wang DP. The Impact of Inflammatory Immune Reactions of the Vascular Niche on Organ Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:750509. [PMID: 34776968 PMCID: PMC8585779 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.750509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a type of defense response against tissue damage, and can be mediated by lymphocytes and macrophages. Fibrosis is induced by tissue injury and inflammation, which leads to an increase in fibrous connective tissue in organs and a decrease in organ parenchyma cells, finally leading to organ dysfunction or even failure. The vascular niche is composed of endothelial cells, pericytes, macrophages, and hematopoietic stem cells. It forms a guiding microenvironment for the behavior of adjacent cells, and mainly exists in the microcirculation, including capillaries. When an organ is damaged, the vascular niche regulates inflammation and affects the repair of organ damage in a variety of ways, such as via its angiocrine function and transformation of myofibroblasts. In this paper, the main roles of vascular niche in the process of organ fibrosis and its mechanism of promoting the progress of fibrosis through inflammatory immunoregulation are summarized. It was proposed that the vascular niche should be regarded as a new therapeutic target for organ fibrosis, suggesting that antifibrotic effects could be achieved by regulating macrophages, inhibiting endothelial-mesenchymal transition, interfering with the angiocrine function of endothelial cells, and inhibiting the transformation of pericytes into myofibroblasts, thus providing new ideas for antifibrosis drug research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hua Sui
- Institude college of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yang-Jianing Zhao
- Institude college of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hong-Jie Qian
- Institude college of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Institude college of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Institude college of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qing Guan
- Institude college of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hong-Li Lin
- Institude college of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Da-Peng Wang
- Institude college of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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93
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Basta MD, Paulson H, Walker JL. The local wound environment is a key determinant of the outcome of TGFβ signaling on the fibrotic response of CD44 + leader cells in an ex vivo post-cataract-surgery model. Exp Eye Res 2021; 213:108829. [PMID: 34774488 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The cytokine transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) has a role in regulating the normal and pathological response to wound healing, yet how it shifts from a pro-repair to a pro-fibrotic function within the wound environment is still unclear. Using a clinically relevant ex vivo post-cataract surgery model that mimics the lens fibrotic disease posterior capsule opacification (PCO), we investigated the influence of two distinct wound environments on shaping the TGFβ-mediated injury response of CD44+ vimentin-rich leader cells. The substantial fibrotic response of this cell population occurred within a rigid wound environment under the control of endogenous TGFβ. However, TGFβ was dispensable for the role of leader cells in wound healing on the endogenous basement membrane wound environment, where repair occurs in the absence of a major fibrotic outcome. A difference between leader cell function in these distinct environments was their cell surface expression of the latent TGFβ activator, αvβ3 integrin. This receptor is exclusively found on this CD44+ cell population when they localize to the leading edge of the rigid wound environment. Providing exogenous TGFβ to bypass any differences in the ability of the leader cells to sustain activation of TGFβ in different environments revealed their inherent ability to induce pro-fibrotic reactions on the basement membrane wound environment. Furthermore, exposure of the leader cells in the rigid wound environment to TGFβ led to an accelerated fibrotic response including the earlier appearance of pro-collagen + cells, alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA)+ myofibroblasts, and increased fibrotic matrix production. Collectively, these findings show the influence of the local wound environment on the extent and severity of TGFβ-induced fibrotic responses. These findings have important implications for understanding the development of the lens fibrotic disease PCO in response to cataract surgery wounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan D Basta
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Heather Paulson
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Janice L Walker
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
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94
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Huang YJ, Cao J, Lee CY, Wu YM. Umbilical cord blood plasma-derived exosomes as a novel therapy to reverse liver fibrosis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:568. [PMID: 34772443 PMCID: PMC8588641 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02641-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cirrhosis is a chronic liver disease whereby scar tissue replaces healthy liver parenchyma, leading to disruption of the liver architecture and hepatic dysfunction. Currently, there is no effective disease-modifying therapy for liver fibrosis. Recently, our group demonstrated that human umbilical cord blood (UCB) plasma possesses therapeutic effects in a rat model of acute liver failure. Methods In the current study, we tested whether exosomes (Exo) existed in UCB plasma and if they produced any antifibrotic benefits in a liver fibrosis model. Results Our results showed that UCB-Exo improved liver function and increased matrix metalloproteinase/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase degradation to reduce the degree of fibrosis. Moreover, UCB-Exo were found to suppress hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activity in vitro. These effects were associated with suppression of transforming growth factor-β/inhibitor of DNA binding 1 signaling. Conclusions These results further support that UCB-Exo have antifibrotic effects in mice with liver fibrosis and activated HSCs and may herald a new cell-free antifibrotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jen Huang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jerry Cao
- Department of Surgery, Wollongong Hospital, Loftus Street, Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - Chih-Yuan Lee
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Ming Wu
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan.
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95
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Adapala RK, Katari V, Teegala LR, Thodeti S, Paruchuri S, Thodeti CK. TRPV4 Mechanotransduction in Fibrosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113053. [PMID: 34831281 PMCID: PMC8619244 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is an irreversible, debilitating condition marked by the excessive production of extracellular matrix and tissue scarring that eventually results in organ failure and disease. Differentiation of fibroblasts to hypersecretory myofibroblasts is the key event in fibrosis. Although both soluble and mechanical factors are implicated in fibroblast differentiation, much of the focus is on TGF-β signaling, but to date, there are no specific drugs available for the treatment of fibrosis. In this review, we describe the role for TRPV4 mechanotransduction in cardiac and lung fibrosis, and we propose TRPV4 as an alternative therapeutic target for fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi K. Adapala
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (R.K.A.); (V.K.); (L.R.T.); (S.P.)
| | - Venkatesh Katari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (R.K.A.); (V.K.); (L.R.T.); (S.P.)
| | - Lakshminarayan Reddy Teegala
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (R.K.A.); (V.K.); (L.R.T.); (S.P.)
| | | | - Sailaja Paruchuri
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (R.K.A.); (V.K.); (L.R.T.); (S.P.)
| | - Charles K. Thodeti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (R.K.A.); (V.K.); (L.R.T.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence:
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96
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Anti-Inflammatory Azaphilones from the Edible Alga-Derived Fungus Penicillium sclerotiorum. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19100529. [PMID: 34677428 PMCID: PMC8537458 DOI: 10.3390/md19100529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To discover the new medical entity from edible marine algae, our continuously natural product investigation focused on endophytes from marine macroalgae Grateloupia sp. Two new azaphilones, 8a-epi-hypocrellone A (1), 8a-epi-eupenicilazaphilone C (2), together with five known azaphilones, hypocrellone A (3), eupenicilazaphilone C (4), ((1E,3E)-3,5-dimethylhepta-1,3-dien-1-yl)-2,4-dihydroxy-3-methylbenzaldehyde (5), sclerotiorin (6), and isochromophilone IV (7) were isolated from the alga-derived fungus Penicillium sclerotiorum. The structures of isolated azaphilones (1–7) were elucidated by spectrometric identification, especially HRESIMS, CD, and NMR data analyses. Concerning bioactivity, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrosis activities of those isolates were evaluated. As a result, compound 1 showed selective toxicity toward neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y among seven cancer and one fibroblast cell lines. 20 μM of compounds 1, 3, and 7 inhibited the TNF-α-induced NFκB phosphorylation but did not change the NFκB activity. Compounds 2 and 6 respectively promoted and inhibited SMAD-mediated transcriptional activities stimulated by TGF-β.
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97
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Tanaka H, Xu B, Xuan H, Ge Y, Wang Y, Li Y, Wang W, Guo J, Zhao S, Glover KJ, Zheng X, Liu S, Inuzuka K, Fujimura N, Furusho Y, Ikezoe T, Shoji T, Wang L, Fu W, Huang J, Unno N, Dalman RL. Recombinant Interleukin-19 Suppresses the Formation and Progression of Experimental Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e022207. [PMID: 34459250 PMCID: PMC8649236 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.022207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Interleukin-19 is an immunosuppressive cytokine produced by immune and nonimmune cells, but its role in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) pathogenesis is not known. This study aimed to investigate interleukin-19 expression in, and influences on, the formation and progression of experimental AAAs. Methods and Results Human specimens were obtained at aneurysm repair surgery or from transplant donors. Experimental AAAs were created in 10- to 12-week-old male mice via intra-aortic elastase infusion. Influence and potential mechanisms of interleukin-19 treatment on AAAs were assessed via ultrasonography, histopathology, flow cytometry, and gene expression profiling. Immunohistochemistry revealed augmented interleukin-19 expression in both human and experimental AAAs. In mice, interleukin-19 treatment before AAA initiation via elastase infusion suppressed aneurysm formation and progression, with attenuation of medial elastin degradation, smooth-muscle depletion, leukocyte infiltration, neoangiogenesis, and matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 expression. Initiation of interleukin-19 treatment after AAA creation limited further aneurysmal degeneration. In additional experiments, interleukin-19 treatment inhibited murine macrophage recruitment following intraperitoneal thioglycolate injection. In classically or alternatively activated macrophages in vitro, interleukin-19 downregulated mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, chemokine C-C motif ligand 2, and metalloproteinases 2 and 9 without apparent effect on cytokine-expressing helper or cytotoxic T-cell differentiation, nor regulatory T cellularity, in the aneurysmal aorta or spleen of interleukin-19-treated mice. Interleukin-19 also suppressed AAAs created via angiotensin II infusion in hyperlipidemic mice. Conclusions Based on human evidence and experimental modeling observations, interleukin-19 may influence the development and progression of AAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Tanaka
- Divison of Vascular Surgery Department of Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA.,Division of Vascular Surgery Hamamatsu University School of Medicine Hamamatsu Shizuoka Japan
| | - Baohui Xu
- Divison of Vascular Surgery Department of Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA
| | - Haojun Xuan
- Divison of Vascular Surgery Department of Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA
| | - Yingbin Ge
- Department of Physiology Nanjing Medical University Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Yan Wang
- Peking University Third HospitalMedical Research Center Haidian Beijing China
| | - Yankui Li
- Divison of Vascular Surgery Department of Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Surgery Xiangya HospitalSouth Central University School of Medicine Changsha Hunan China
| | - Jia Guo
- Divison of Vascular Surgery Department of Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA
| | - Sihai Zhao
- Divison of Vascular Surgery Department of Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA
| | - Keith J Glover
- Divison of Vascular Surgery Department of Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA
| | - Xiaoya Zheng
- Divison of Vascular Surgery Department of Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Surgery Xiangya HospitalSouth Central University School of Medicine Changsha Hunan China
| | - Kazunori Inuzuka
- Division of Vascular Surgery Hamamatsu University School of Medicine Hamamatsu Shizuoka Japan
| | - Naoki Fujimura
- Divison of Vascular Surgery Department of Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA
| | - Yuko Furusho
- Divison of Vascular Surgery Department of Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA
| | - Toru Ikezoe
- Divison of Vascular Surgery Department of Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA
| | - Takahiro Shoji
- Divison of Vascular Surgery Department of Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA
| | - Lixin Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery Zhongshan HospitalFudan University Shanghai China
| | - Weiguo Fu
- Department of Vascular Surgery Zhongshan HospitalFudan University Shanghai China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Department of Surgery Xiangya HospitalSouth Central University School of Medicine Changsha Hunan China
| | - Naoki Unno
- Division of Vascular Surgery Hamamatsu University School of Medicine Hamamatsu Shizuoka Japan
| | - Ronald L Dalman
- Divison of Vascular Surgery Department of Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA
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98
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Metabolic orchestration of the wound healing response. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1726-1743. [PMID: 34384520 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing requires cooperation between different cell types, among which macrophages play a central role. In particular, inflammatory macrophages are engaged in the initial response to wounding, and alternatively activated macrophages are essential for wound closure and the resolution of tissue repair. The links between temporal activation-induced changes in the metabolism of such macrophages and the influence this has on their functional states, along with the realization that metabolites play both intrinsic and extrinsic roles in the cells that produce them, has focused attention on the metabolism of wound healing. Here, we discuss macrophage metabolism during distinct stages of normal healing and its related pathologic processes, such as during cancer and fibrosis. Further, we frame these insights in a broader context of the current understanding of macrophage metabolic reprogramming linked to cellular activation and function. Finally, we discuss parallels between the metabolism of macrophages and fibroblasts, the latter being a key stromal cell type in wound healing, and consider the importance of the metabolic interplay between different cell types in the wound microenvironment.
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Herrington CS, Poulsom R, Koeppen H, Coates PJ. Recent Advances in Pathology: the 2021 Annual Review Issue of The Journal of Pathology. J Pathol 2021; 254:303-306. [PMID: 34097314 DOI: 10.1002/path.5687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The 2021 Annual Review Issue of The Journal of Pathology contains 14 invited reviews on current research areas of particular importance in pathology. The subjects included here reflect the broad range of interests covered by the journal, including both basic and applied research fields but always with the aim of improving our understanding of human disease. This year, our reviews encompass the huge impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the development and application of biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitors, recent advances in multiplexing antigen/nucleic acid detection in situ, the use of genomics to aid drug discovery, organoid methodologies in research, the microbiome in cancer, the role of macrophage-stroma interactions in fibrosis, and TGF-β as a driver of fibrosis in multiple pathologies. Other reviews revisit the p53 field and its lack of clinical impact to date, dissect the genetics of mitochondrial diseases, summarise the cells of origin and genetics of sarcomagenesis, provide new data on the role of TRIM28 in tumour predisposition, review our current understanding of cancer stem cell niches, and the function and regulation of p63. The reviews are authored by experts in their field from academia and industry, and provide comprehensive updates of the chosen areas, in which there has been considerable recent progress. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Simon Herrington
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Richard Poulsom
- The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland, London, UK
| | | | - Philip J Coates
- RECAMO, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
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100
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Ezhilarasan D. Relaxin in hepatic fibrosis: What is known and where to head? Biochimie 2021; 187:144-151. [PMID: 34102254 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Relaxin (RLX) is a heterodimeric, polypeptide hormone that has natural anti-fibrotic activity in many organs. During the chronic liver injury, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are phenotypically transformed into myofibroblasts. This process is known as activation of HSCs. Activated HSCs play a central role in hepatic fibrosis. Quiescent HSCs were shown to express low levels of RLX receptors such as RXFP1 and RXFP2. Upon chronic liver injury, HSCs are activated and express high levels of the RLX receptors. ML290, an agonist of RXFP1 has been reported to have antifibrotic effect in vitro as well as in vivo. Serelaxin, a recombinant human RLX-2 treatment has reduced hepatic fibrosis and portal hypertension in experimental models due to its vasodilation properties by inducing intrahepatic nitric oxide level. Serelaxin has also produced a neutral effect when studied against human cirrhosis-related portal hypertension in clinical trials. RLX is a potent collagen synthesis inhibitor and it has extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling properties by promoting matrix metalloproteinases and downregulating expression of metalloproteinases inhibitors. Available reports suggest that RLX could induce ECM remodeling and suppress the profibrogenic transforming growth factor-β signaling and thereby regress hepatic fibrosis. Though RLX has natural antifibrotic activity, its antifibrotic molecular mechanisms especially in hepatic fibrosis condition are not reported. This review exclusively focuses antifibrotic effect of RLX on hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devaraj Ezhilarasan
- Department of Pharmacology, The Blue Lab, Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Division, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 077, India.
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