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Gonos ES, Kapetanou M, Sereikaite J, Bartosz G, Naparło K, Grzesik M, Sadowska-Bartosz I. Origin and pathophysiology of protein carbonylation, nitration and chlorination in age-related brain diseases and aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:868-901. [PMID: 29779015 PMCID: PMC5990388 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-enzymatic protein modifications occur inevitably in all living systems. Products of such modifications accumulate during aging of cells and organisms and may contribute to their age-related functional deterioration. This review presents the formation of irreversible protein modifications such as carbonylation, nitration and chlorination, modifications by 4-hydroxynonenal, removal of modified proteins and accumulation of these protein modifications during aging of humans and model organisms, and their enhanced accumulation in age-related brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios S Gonos
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, Athens 11635, Greece
| | - Marianna Kapetanou
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, Athens 11635, Greece.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Athens 15701, Greece
| | - Jolanta Sereikaite
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius 2040, Lithuania
| | - Grzegorz Bartosz
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-236, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Naparło
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow 35-601, Poland
| | - Michalina Grzesik
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow 35-601, Poland
| | - Izabela Sadowska-Bartosz
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow 35-601, Poland
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52
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Guo R, Li S, Xia H, Feng Z, Tang Q, Peng C. Effects of Myeloperoxidase on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus-Colonized Burn Wounds in Rats. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2019; 8:271-280. [PMID: 31737417 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2018.0865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To achieve better therapeutic results in burn wound infections and to examine alternatives to antibiotics, we designed this study to elaborate the role of myeloperoxidase (MPO) on infected burn wounds in rats. Approach: We compared chemical properties as well as bacteriostatic ability of MPO in different concentrations with NeutroPhase. Subsequently, we applied MPO (MPO group), NeutroPhase (NeutroPhase group), NaCl+H2O2 (NaCl+H2O2 group), or NaCl (control group) on rat dorsal burn wounds inoculated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Their effects on MRSA-colonized wounds were evaluated by microscopy, histologic section, and Western blot. Results: MPO produced more H+ and HClO-, leading to a more acidic environment. Moreover, MPO inhibited the growth of MRSA more intensely after 6 h of inoculation ex vivo. In vivo the open wound rate in the MPO group was significantly lower, while the contraction rate and epithelialization rate of MPO group were higher than that of the control group, NaCl+H2O2 group, and NeutroPhase group on day 20. The hematoxylin and eosin staining of MPO group showed better wound healing than other groups. More vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was expressed in wound tissue of MPO group by Western blot. Innovation: This is the first study to use MPO for MRSA-colonized burn wound therapy. Conclusion: MPO displayed more effective bacteriostatic ability, possibly beneficial for MRSA-colonized wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pharmacy, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuaihua Li
- Department of Cosmetic and Plastic Surgery, the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, China
| | - Hansong Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhicai Feng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiyu Tang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Ullah R, Khan M, Shah SA, Saeed K, Kim MO. Natural Antioxidant Anthocyanins-A Hidden Therapeutic Candidate in Metabolic Disorders with Major Focus in Neurodegeneration. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1195. [PMID: 31141884 PMCID: PMC6628002 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
All over the world, metabolic syndrome constitutes severe health problems. Multiple factors have been reported in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic disorders result in reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced oxidative stress, playing a vital role in the development and pathogenesis of major health issues, including neurological disorders Alzheimer's disease (AD) Parkinson's disease (PD). Considerable increasing evidence indicates the substantial contribution of ROS-induced oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. An imbalanced metabolism results in a defective antioxidant defense system, free radicals causing inflammation, cellular apoptosis, and tissue damage. Due to the annual increase in financial and social burdens, in addition to the adverse effects associated with available synthetic agents, treatment diversion from synthetic to natural approaches has occurred. Antioxidants are now being considered as convincing therapeutic agents against various neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, medicinal herbs and fruits currently receive substantially more attention as commercial sources of antioxidants. In this review, we argue that ROS-targeted therapeutic interventions with naturally occurring antioxidant flavonoid, anthocyanin, and anthocyanin-loaded nanoparticles might be the ultimate treatment against devastating illnesses. Furthermore, we elucidate the hidden potential of the neuroprotective role of anthocyanins and anthocyanin-loaded nanoparticles in AD and PD neuropathies, which lack sufficient attention compared with other polyphenols, despite their strong antioxidant potential. Moreover, we address the need for future research studies of native anthocyanins and nano-based-anthocyanins, which will be helpful in developing anthocyanin treatments as therapeutic mitochondrial antioxidant drug-like regimens to delay or prevent the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahat Ullah
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Mehtab Khan
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Shahid Ali Shah
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
- Department of Chemistry, Sarhad University of Science & Information Technology (SUIT), Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25000, Pakistan.
| | - Kamran Saeed
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Myeong Ok Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
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54
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Liu R, Tang J, Xu Y, Dai Z. Bioluminescence Imaging of Inflammation in Vivo Based on Bioluminescence and Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Using Nanobubble Ultrasound Contrast Agent. ACS NANO 2019; 13:5124-5132. [PMID: 31059237 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b08359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is an immunological response involved in various inflammatory disorders ranging from neurodegenerative diseases to cancers. Luminol has been reported to detect myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in an inflamed area through a light-emitting reaction. However, this method is limited by low tissue penetration and poor spatial resolution. Here, we fabricated a nanobubble (NB) doped with two tandem lipophilic dyes, red-shifting luminol-emitted blue light to near-infrared region through a process integrating bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). This BRET-FRET process caused a 24-fold increase in detectable luminescence emission over luminol alone in an inflammation model induced by lipopolysaccharide. In addition, the echogenicity of the BRET-FRET NBs also enables perfused tissue microvasculature to be delineated by contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging with high spatial resolution. Compared with commercially available ultrasound contrast agent, the BRET-FRET NBs exhibited comparable contrast-enhancing capability but much smaller size and higher concentration. This bioluminescence/ultrasound dual-modal contrast agent was then successfully applied for imaging of an animal model of breast cancer. Furthermore, biosafety experiments revealed that multi-injection of luminol and NBs did not induce any observable abnormality. By integrating the advantages of bioluminescence imaging and ultrasound imaging, this BRET-FRET system may have the potential to address a critical need of inflammation imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renfa Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Yunxue Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Zhifei Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
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Cristiano C, Volpicelli F, Lippiello P, Buono B, Raucci F, Piccolo M, Iqbal AJ, Irace C, Miniaci MC, Perrone Capano C, Calignano A, Mascolo N, Maione F. Neutralization of IL-17 rescues amyloid-β-induced neuroinflammation and memory impairment. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:3544-3557. [PMID: 30673121 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by a neuroinflammatory state, and to date, there is no cure and its treatment represents a large unmet clinical need. The involvement of Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of AD-related neuroinflammation has been reported in several studies. However, the role of the cytokine, IL-17 has not been well addressed. Herein, we investigate the effects of IL-17 neutralizing antibody (IL-17Ab) injected by i.c.v. or intranasal (IN) routes on amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced neuroinflammation and memory impairment in mice. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Aβ1-42 was injected into cerebral ventricles of adult CD1 mice. These mice received IL-17Ab via i.c.v. either at 1 h prior to Aβ1-42 injection or IN 5 and 12 days after Aβ1-42 injection. After 7 and 14 days of Aβ1-42 administration, we evaluated olfactory, spatial and working memory and performed biochemical analyses on whole brain and specific brain areas. KEY RESULTS Pretreatment with IL-17Ab, given, i.c.v., markedly reduced Aβ1-42 -induced neurodegeneration, improved memory function, and prevented the increase of pro-inflammatory mediators in a dose-dependent manner at 7 and 14 days. Similarly, the double IN administration of IL-17Ab after Aβ1-42 injection reduced neurodegeneration, memory decline, and the levels of proinflammatory mediators and cytokines. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These findings suggest that the IL-17Ab reduced neuroinflammation and behavioural symptoms induced by Aβ. The efficacy of IL-17Ab IN administration in reducing Aβ1-42 neurodegeneration points to a possible future therapeutic approach in patients with AD. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Therapeutics for Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: New Directions for Precision Medicine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.18/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cristiano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Floriana Volpicelli
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati Traverso," Developmental Biology and Genetics division, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Lippiello
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Benedetta Buono
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Raucci
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Piccolo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Asif Jilani Iqbal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Carlo Irace
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Miniaci
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carla Perrone Capano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati Traverso," Developmental Biology and Genetics division, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Calignano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Mascolo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Maione
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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56
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Chen Y, Wang T, Rogers KA, Rutt BK, Ronald JA. Close Association of Myeloperoxidase-Producing Activated Microglia with Amyloid Plaques in Hypercholesterolemic Rabbits. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 67:1221-1234. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-180714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Chen
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Tianduo Wang
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Kem A. Rogers
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Brian K. Rutt
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - John A. Ronald
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada
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57
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Ren M, Li Z, Deng B, Wang L, Lin W. Single Fluorescent Probe Separately and Continuously Visualize H2S and HClO in Lysosomes with Different Fluorescence Signals. Anal Chem 2019; 91:2932-2938. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingguang Ren
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, P.R. China
| | - Zihong Li
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, P.R. China
| | - Beibei Deng
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, P.R. China
| | - Weiying Lin
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, P.R. China
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58
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Oveisgharan S, Arvanitakis Z, Yu L, Farfel J, Schneider JA, Bennett DA. Sex differences in Alzheimer's disease and common neuropathologies of aging. Acta Neuropathol 2018; 136:887-900. [PMID: 30334074 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-018-1920-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's dementia is significantly more common in women than in men. However, few pathological studies have addressed sex difference in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other brain pathologies. We leveraged postmortem data from 1453 persons who participated in one of two longitudinal community-based studies of older adults, the Religious Orders Study and the Rush Memory and Aging Project. Postmortem examination identified AD pathologies, neocortical Lewy bodies, DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), hippocampal sclerosis, gross and micro infarcts, atherosclerosis, arteriolosclerosis, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Linear and logistic regressions examined the association of sex with each of the pathologic measures. Two-thirds of subjects were women (n = 971; 67%), with a mean age at death of 89.8 (SD = 6.6) years in women and 87.3 (SD = 6.6) in men. Adjusted for age and education, women had higher levels on a global measure of AD pathology (estimate = 0.102, SE = 0.022, p < 0.001), and tau tangle density in particular (estimate = 0.334, SE = 0.074, p < 0.001), and there was a borderline difference between women and men in amyloid-β load (estimate = 0.124, SE = 0.065, p = 0.056). In addition, compared to men, women were more likely to have more severe arteriolosclerosis (OR = 1.28, 95% CI:1.04-1.58, p = 0.018), and less likely to have gross infarcts (OR = 0.78, 95% CI:0.61-0.98, p = 0.037), although the association with gross infarct was attenuated after controlling for vascular risk factors. These data help elucidate the neuropathologic footprint of sex difference in AD and other common brain pathologies of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Oveisgharan
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 W Harrison, Suite 1000, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Zoe Arvanitakis
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 W Harrison, Suite 1000, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lei Yu
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 W Harrison, Suite 1000, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jose Farfel
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 W Harrison, Suite 1000, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 W Harrison, Suite 1000, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 W Harrison, Suite 1000, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Rapaka D, Bitra VR, Vishala TC, Akula A. Vitis vinifera acts as anti-Alzheimer's agent by modulating biochemical parameters implicated in cognition and memory. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2018; 10:241-247. [PMID: 30337026 PMCID: PMC6938891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aluminum a known neuro and cholinotoxin has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. Its exposure is associated with impairment of the memory and cognition. Objective The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-Alzheimer’s activity of Vitis vinifera in aluminum induced Alzheimer’s disease. Materials and methods In this study, we investigated the behavioral and biochemical effects of aluminum in Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were exposed to aluminum chloride (100 mg/kg/day) orally for a period of 8 weeks. Vitis was given in doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg for 16 weeks and the possible effects of Vitis vinifera on the expression of Tau and amyloid precursor protein were evaluated by PCR analysis and the possible activities of lipid peroxidation, inflammation and anti-cholinesterase activity were evaluated. Results Aluminum intoxication was associated with significant impairment in learning and memory in Morris water maze test. A significant improvement was observed with Vitis vinifera in a dose dependent manner. Conclusion The findings of the present study revealed the significant neuroprotective actions of Vitis vinifera by modifying the biochemical parameters and inhibited the mRNA expression of Amyloid Precursor Protein and Tau, which are the key pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease, which was further confirmed by histopathological observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepthi Rapaka
- University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, AP 530003, India.
| | - Veera Raghavulu Bitra
- University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, AP 530003, India
| | - T Chandi Vishala
- University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, AP 530003, India
| | - Annapurna Akula
- University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, AP 530003, India
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Masoumi J, Abbasloui M, Parvan R, Mohammadnejad D, Pavon-Djavid G, Barzegari A, Abdolalizadeh J. Apelin, a promising target for Alzheimer disease prevention and treatment. Neuropeptides 2018; 70:76-86. [PMID: 29807653 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with high outbreak rates. It is estimated that about 35 million individuals around the world suffered from dementia in 2010. AD is expected to increase twofold every 20 years and, by 2030, approximately 65 million people could suffer from this illness. AD is determined clinically by a cognitive impairment and pathologically by the production of amyloid beta (Aβ), neurofibrillary tangles, toxic free radicals and inflammatory mediators in the brain. There is still no treatment to cure or even alter the progressive course of this disease; however, many new therapies are being investigated and are at various stages of clinical trials. Neuropeptides are signaling molecules used by neurons to communicate with each other. One of the important neuropeptides is apelin, which can be isolated from bovine stomach. Apelin and its receptor APJ have been shown to broadly disseminate in the neurons and oligodendrocytes of the central nervous system. Apelin-13 is known to be the predominant neuropeptide in neuroprotection. It is involved in the processes of memory and learning as well as the prevention of neuronal damage. Studies have shown that apelin can directly or indirectly prevent the production of Aβ and reduce its amounts by increasing its degradation. Phosphorylation and accumulation of tau protein may also be inhibited by apelin. Apelin is considered as an anti-inflammatory agent by preventing the production of inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor alpha. It has been shown that in vivo and in vitro anti-apoptotic effects of apelin have prevented the death of neurons. In this review, we describe the various functions of apelin associated with AD and present an integrated overview of recent findings that, in general, recommend apelin as a promising therapeutic agent in the treatment of this ailment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Masoumi
- Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morteza Abbasloui
- Paramedical Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Parvan
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Abolfazl Barzegari
- Research Centre for Pharmaceotical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University (Medical Sciences), Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jalal Abdolalizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Paramedical Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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61
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Tong X, Zhou D, Savage A, Mullen JA, Li Y, Taylor W, Li J, Al-Huniti N, Xu H. Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling With Enterohepatic Circulation for AZD3241 in Healthy Subjects and Patients With Multiple System Atrophy. J Clin Pharmacol 2018; 58:1452-1460. [PMID: 29873817 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AZD3241 is a potent and selective myeloperoxidase inhibitor potentially for the treatment of a number of neurodegenerative disorders, including multiple system atrophy (MSA). The objectives of this work were to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model for AZD3241 and to investigate the correlation between AZD3241 exposure and myeloperoxidase inhibition. The PopPK model was developed using AZD3241 data from one phase 1 study in healthy subjects and one phase 2 study in patients with MSA. A one-compartment model incorporating a gallbladder compartment for enterohepatic circulation, sequential zero-first order absorption, and first-order elimination adequately described the AZD3241 concentration profiles. The apparent clearance and central volume of distribution were 63.1 L/h (interindividual variability: 34.8%) and 121.9 L (interindividual variability: 44.0%), respectively. The enterohepatic circulation model reasonably captured the second peak of AZD3241, and high-fat food increased the absorption rate by 69%. A linear regression model was applied to describe the relationship between AZD3241 exposure and percentage change from baseline in myeloperoxidase-specific activity. The developed PopPK model was consistent with known pharmacokinetic characteristics of AZD3241. This model can be used to estimate AZD3241 exposure in patients with MSA and could be applied to future pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analyses of AZD3241 in clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Tong
- Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, Early Clinical Development, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diansong Zhou
- Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, Early Clinical Development, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alicia Savage
- Neuroscience, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jamie A Mullen
- Neuroscience, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Early Clinical Development, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wendy Taylor
- Personalized Healthcare & Biomarkers, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jianguo Li
- Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, Early Clinical Development, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nidal Al-Huniti
- Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, Early Clinical Development, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, Early Clinical Development, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, USA
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Gastrodin microinjection suppresses 6-OHDA-induced motor impairments in parkinsonian rats: insights into oxidative balance and microglial activation in SNc. Inflammopharmacology 2018; 26:1305-1316. [PMID: 29616453 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-018-0470-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH In this study, we appraised the effect of pre-treatment with intra-cerebro ventricular (i.c.v) microinjection of gastrodin (Gst) on catalepsy, motor imbalance, substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, lipid peroxidation levels, nitric oxide (NO) production and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rats model of PD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were pre-treated with i.c.v microinjections of Gst (20, 40 and 80 μg/3 μl/rat) for five consecutive days. Then, catalepsy and motor balance were induced by unilateral infusion of 6-OHDA (8 μg/2 μl/rat) into the SNc. The anti-cataleptic and motor balance improving effect of Gst was assessed by the Bar test and Rotarod 3 weeks after neurotoxin injection, respectively. SNc MPO activity and lipid peroxidation levels, NO production and TAC were assessed at the end of behavioral experiments. RESULTS Our data demonstrated that Gst pre-treatment significantly (p < 0.001) was prevented motor in-coordination and catalepsy in neurotoxin lesioned rats. The most motor improving effect was seen at 80 μg Gst (p < 0.001). Pre-treatment of parkinsonian rats with Gst meaningfully (p < 0.001) was suppressed MPO activity, lipid peroxidation and NO production. Furthermore, the TAC level in the SNc was increased (p < 0.001) in Gst-microinjected rats about to the normal non-parkinsonian animals. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS In summary, pre-treatment with Gst abolished 6-OHDA-induced catalepsy and improved motor incoordination by decreasing: SNc MPO activity, lipid peroxidation levels and NO production, and restoring SNc levels of TAC to the levels of healthy rats.
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Vanhamme L, Zouaoui Boudjeltia K, Van Antwerpen P, Delporte C. The other myeloperoxidase: Emerging functions. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 649:1-14. [PMID: 29614255 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a member of the mammalian peroxidase family. It is mainly expressed in neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages. As a catalyzer of reactive oxidative species and radical species formation, it contributes to neutrophil bactericidal activity. Nevertheless MPO invalidation does not seem to have major health consequences in affected individuals. This suggests that MPO might have alternative functions supporting its conservation during evolution. We will review the available data supporting these non-canonical functions in terms of tissue specific expression, function and enzymatic activity. Thus, we discuss its cell type specific expression. We review in between others its roles in angiogenesis, endothelial (dys-) function, immune reaction, and inflammation. We summarize its pathological actions in clinical conditions such as cardiovascular disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Vanhamme
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Inflammation, IBMM, Faculty of Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium; Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB 222 Unit), CHU de Charleroi, A. Vésale Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium.
| | - Karim Zouaoui Boudjeltia
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB 222 Unit), CHU de Charleroi, A. Vésale Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Antwerpen
- Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery Unit, RD3, and Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cédric Delporte
- Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery Unit, RD3, and Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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Pravalika K, Sarmah D, Kaur H, Wanve M, Saraf J, Kalia K, Borah A, Yavagal DR, Dave KR, Bhattacharya P. Myeloperoxidase and Neurological Disorder: A Crosstalk. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:421-430. [PMID: 29351721 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a protein present in azurophilic granules, macrophages, and neutrophils that are released into extracellular fluid (ECF) during inflammation. MPO releases hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and other chlorinated species. It is derived from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) showing response during inflammatory conditions and plays a role in the immune defense against pathogens. MPO may show unwanted effects by indirectly increasing the formation of reactive nitrogen species (RNS), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) leading to inflammation and oxidative stress. As neuroinflammation is one of the inevitable biological components among most of neurological disorders, MPO and its receptor may be explored as candidates for future clinical interventions. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the pathophysiological characteristics of MPO and further explore the possibilities to target it for clinical use. Targeting MPO is promising and may open an avenue to act as a biomarker for diagnosis with defined risk stratification in patients with various neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanta Pravalika
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad Gandhinagar, 382 355 Gujarat, India
| | - Deepaneeta Sarmah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad Gandhinagar, 382 355 Gujarat, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad Gandhinagar, 382 355 Gujarat, India
| | - Madhuri Wanve
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad Gandhinagar, 382 355 Gujarat, India
| | - Jackson Saraf
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad Gandhinagar, 382 355 Gujarat, India
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad Gandhinagar, 382 355 Gujarat, India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788 011 Assam, India
| | - Dileep R Yavagal
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Kunjan R Dave
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad Gandhinagar, 382 355 Gujarat, India
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Larsen PA, Hunnicutt KE, Larsen RJ, Yoder AD, Saunders AM. Warning SINEs: Alu elements, evolution of the human brain, and the spectrum of neurological disease. Chromosome Res 2018; 26:93-111. [PMID: 29460123 PMCID: PMC5857278 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-018-9573-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alu elements are a highly successful family of primate-specific retrotransposons that have fundamentally shaped primate evolution, including the evolution of our own species. Alus play critical roles in the formation of neurological networks and the epigenetic regulation of biochemical processes throughout the central nervous system (CNS), and thus are hypothesized to have contributed to the origin of human cognition. Despite the benefits that Alus provide, deleterious Alu activity is associated with a number of neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. In particular, neurological networks are potentially vulnerable to the epigenetic dysregulation of Alu elements operating across the suite of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes that are critical for both mitochondrial and CNS function. Here, we highlight the beneficial neurological aspects of Alu elements as well as their potential to cause disease by disrupting key cellular processes across the CNS. We identify at least 37 neurological and neurodegenerative disorders wherein deleterious Alu activity has been implicated as a contributing factor for the manifestation of disease, and for many of these disorders, this activity is operating on genes that are essential for proper mitochondrial function. We conclude that the epigenetic dysregulation of Alu elements can ultimately disrupt mitochondrial homeostasis within the CNS. This mechanism is a plausible source for the incipient neuronal stress that is consistently observed across a spectrum of sporadic neurological and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Larsen
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
- Duke Lemur Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
- Department of Biology, Duke University, 130 Science Drive, Box 90338, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
| | | | - Roxanne J Larsen
- Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Anne D Yoder
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Duke Lemur Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Ann M Saunders
- Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals Inc, Chapel Hill, NC, 27709, USA
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66
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Biosynthesis of human myeloperoxidase. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 642:1-9. [PMID: 29408362 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Members of Chordata peroxidase subfamily [1] expressed in mammals, including myeloperoxidase (MPO), eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), lactoperoxidase (LPO), and thyroid peroxidase (TPO), express conserved motifs around the heme prosthetic group essential for their activity, a calcium-binding site, and at least two covalent bonds linking the heme group to the protein backbone. Although most studies of the biosynthesis of these peroxidases have focused on MPO, many of the features described occur during biosynthesis of other members of the protein subfamily. Whereas MPO biosynthesis includes events typical for proteins generated in the secretory pathway, the importance and consequences of heme insertion are events uniquely associated with peroxidases. This Review summarizes decades of work elucidating specific steps in the biosynthetic pathway of human MPO. Discussion includes cotranslational glycosylation and subsequent modifications of the N-linked carbohydrate sidechains, contributions by molecular chaperones in the endoplasmic reticulum, cleavage of the propeptide from proMPO, and proteolytic processing of protomers and dimerization to yield mature MPO. Parallels between the biosynthesis of MPO and TPO as well as the impact of inherited mutations in the MPO gene on normal biosynthesis will be summarized. Lastly, specific gaps in our knowledge revealed by this review of our current understanding will be highlighted.
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67
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Jiang D, Chen S, Sun R, Zhang X, Wang D. The NLRP3 inflammasome: Role in metabolic disorders and regulation by metabolic pathways. Cancer Lett 2018; 419:8-19. [PMID: 29339210 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are large multimolecular complexes present in the cytosol of stimulated immune cells; they mediate the activation of caspase-1, leading to cellular pyroptosis. So far, a variety of studies on inflammasomes have emerged, and the best-studied is the NLRP3 inflammasome that is involved in many inflammatory responses. Furthermore, its relationship with metabolism is gaining increasing attention in this field. In this review, we discuss the importance of the NLRP3 inflammasome in metabolic disorders and its close association with metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, China.
| | - Di Wang
- Institute of Immunology, China.
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van Horssen J, van Schaik P, Witte M. Inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction: A vicious circle in neurodegenerative disorders? Neurosci Lett 2017; 710:132931. [PMID: 28668382 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Experimental evidence supports an intricate association between inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction as main contributors of neurological diseases. Inflammatory mediators produced by activated microglia and infiltrated immune cells trigger intracellular signalling cascades that can alter cellular mitochondrial metabolism. Cytokines, particularly tumor necrosis factor-alpha, impede mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and associated ATP production and instigate mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production. This culminates in mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, altered mitochondrial dynamics and might ultimately result in cell death. When severely injured mitochondria are not appropriately removed by mitophagy they can release their contents into the cytosol and extracellular environment and thereby amplify the inflammatory process. Here we provide a comprehensive overview on how inflammatory mediators impair mitochondrial metabolism and discuss how defective mitochondria can elicit and potentiate an inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack van Horssen
- Dept. of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Pauline van Schaik
- Dept. of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Witte
- Dept. of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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69
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Myeloperoxidase-immunoreactive cells are significantly increased in brain areas affected by neurodegeneration in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 369:445-454. [PMID: 28466093 PMCID: PMC5579172 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2626-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a key enzyme in inflammatory and degenerative processes, although conflicting reports have been presented concerning its expression in the brain. We studied the cellular localization of MPO and compared numbers of MPO cells in various brain regions between neurologically healthy individuals and patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) or Alzheimer's disease (AD; n = 10-25). We also investigated two rodent PD models. MPO immunoreactivity (ir) was detected in monocytes, perivascular macrophages and amoeboid microglia in the human brain parenchyma, whereas no co-localization with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) ir was observed. In the midbrain, caudate and putamen, we found a significant increase of MPO-immunoreactive cells in PD compared with control brains, whereas in the cerebellum, no difference was apparent. MPO ir was detected neither in neurons nor in occasional small beta-amyloid-immunoreactive plaques in PD or control cases. In the frontal cortex of AD patients, we found significantly more MPO-immunoreactive cells compared with control cases, together with intense MPO ir in extracellular plaques. In the hippocampus of several AD cases, MPO-like ir was observed in some pyramidal neurons. Neither rapid dopamine depletion in the rat PD model, nor slow degeneration of dopamine neurons in MitoPark mice induced the expression of MPO ir in any brain region. MPO mRNA was not detectable with radioactive in situ hybridization in any human or rodent brain area, although myeloid cells from bone marrow displayed clear MPO signals. Our results indicate significant increases of MPO-immunoreactive cells in brain regions affected by neurodegeneration in PD and AD, supporting investigations of MPO inhibitors in novel treatment strategies.
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Slater TW, Finkielsztein A, Mascarenhas LA, Mehl LC, Butin-Israeli V, Sumagin R. Neutrophil Microparticles Deliver Active Myeloperoxidase to Injured Mucosa To Inhibit Epithelial Wound Healing. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:2886-2897. [PMID: 28242649 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil (PMN) infiltration of the intestinal mucosa often leads to severe epithelial injury; however, how this process occurs is unclear. This article describes a novel mechanism whereby membrane-derived microparticles released by tissue infiltrating PMNs (PMN-MPs) serve as shuttles to protect and deliver active mediators to locally modulate cellular function during inflammation. Specifically, myeloperoxidase (MPO), which is abundantly expressed in PMN azurophilic granules and is used for microbial killing, was found to be mobilized to the PMN surface and subsequently released in association with PMN-MPs upon PMN activation and binding to intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). The enzymatic activity of PMN-MP-associated MPO was enhanced compared with soluble protein, leading to potent inhibition of wound closure following PMN-MP binding to IECs. Importantly, localized microinjection of PMN-MPs into wounded colonic mucosa was sufficient to impair epithelial wound healing in vivo. PMN-MP/MPO-dependent inhibition of IEC wound healing was due to impaired IEC migration and proliferation, resulting from impeded actin dynamics, cell spreading, and cell cycle arrest. Thus, our findings provide new insight into mechanisms governing PMN-induced tissue injury and implicate PMN-MPs and MPO as important regulators of cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Slater
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Ariel Finkielsztein
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Lorraine A Mascarenhas
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Lindsey C Mehl
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Veronika Butin-Israeli
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Ronen Sumagin
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
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da Silva Araújo T, Maia Chaves Filho AJ, Monte AS, Isabelle de Góis Queiroz A, Cordeiro RC, de Jesus Souza Machado M, de Freitas Lima R, Freitas de Lucena D, Maes M, Macêdo D. Reversal of schizophrenia-like symptoms and immune alterations in mice by immunomodulatory drugs. J Psychiatr Res 2017; 84:49-58. [PMID: 27697587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Immune dysregulation observed in schizophrenia alters tryptophan metabolism. Tryptophan metabolism is triggered by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO). Tryptophan is converted to quinolinic acid, a potent neurotoxin, and to kynurenic acid, an NMDA antagonist. 1-Methyl-D-tryptophan (MDT) inhibits IDO. Melatonin is metabolized by IDO while inhibiting TDO. We evaluated the reversal of ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like behavioral and neurochemical alterations in mice by the administration of MDT (20 or 40 mg/kg, i.p.) or melatonin (15 mg/kg, per os). Oxidative stress and inflammatory alterations, i.e. myeloperoxidase activity (MPO), reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (LPO) and interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-6 were measured in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus and striatum. Risperidone was used as standard antipsychotic. Ketamine triggered positive- (PPI deficits and hyperlocomotion), cognitive- (working memory deficits) and negative (social interaction deficits) schizophrenia-like symptoms. These symptoms were accompanied by increased MPO activity, decreased GSH and increased LPO in all brain areas and increments in hippocampal IL-4 and IL-6. MDT and melatonin reversed all ketamine-induced behavioral alterations. Risperidone did not reverse working memory deficits. MDT and melatonin reversed alterations in MPO activity and GSH levels. LP was reversed only by melatonin and risperidone. Risperidone could not reverse MPO alterations in the PFC and striatum. All drugs reversed the alterations in IL-4 and IL-6. The hippocampus and striatum of ketamine+melatonin-treated animals had lower levels of IL-6. Our findings provide further preclinical evidence that immune-inflammatory and oxidative pathways are involved in schizophrenia and that targeting these pathways is a valid treatment option in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane da Silva Araújo
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Adriano Jose Maia Chaves Filho
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Aline Santos Monte
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ana Isabelle de Góis Queiroz
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Carneiro Cordeiro
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Michel de Jesus Souza Machado
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Freitas Lima
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - David Freitas de Lucena
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Michael Maes
- Impact Strategic Research Center, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Danielle Macêdo
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Novel bis-arylalkylamines as myeloperoxidase inhibitors: Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship study. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 123:746-762. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Amantea D, Certo M, Petrelli F, Bagetta G. Neuroprotective Properties of a Macrolide Antibiotic in a Mouse Model of Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion: Characterization of the Immunomodulatory Effects and Validation of the Efficacy of Intravenous Administration. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2016; 14:298-307. [PMID: 27392039 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2016.728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Repurposing the macrolide antibiotic azithromycin has recently been suggested as a promising neuroprotective strategy for the acute treatment of ischemic stroke. Here, we aim at further characterizing the immunomodulatory properties of intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of this drug and, more importantly, at assessing whether neuroprotection can also be achieved by the more clinically relevant intravenous (i.v.) route of administration in a mouse model of focal cerebral ischemia induced by transient (30-min) middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). A single i.p. injection of azithromycin (150 mg/kg) upon reperfusion prevented ischemia-induced spleen contraction and increased the number of MAC-1-immunopositive microglia/macrophages in the ischemic hemisphere 48 h after the insult. This was paralleled by an elevation of alternatively activated phenotypes (i.e., Ym1-immunopositive M2-polarized cells) and by a reduced expression of the pro-inflammatory marker myeloperoxidase. More importantly, i.v. administration of azithromycin upon reperfusion reduced MCAo-induced infarct volume and cerebral edema to an extent comparable to that obtained via the i.p. route. Although the i.p. route is often used for research purposes, it is impractical in the clinical setting; however, i.v. administration can easily be used in ischemic stroke patients who usually have i.v. access already established on hospital admission. The neuroprotective efficacy of the clinically relevant i.v. administration of azithromycin, together with its beneficial immunomodulatory properties reported in mice subjected to transient MCAo, suggests that this macrolide antibiotic can be effectively repurposed for the acute treatment of ischemic stroke. To this end, further work is needed to validate the efficacy of azithromycin in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Amantea
- 1 Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria , Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Michelangelo Certo
- 1 Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria , Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Francesco Petrelli
- 1 Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria , Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Giacinto Bagetta
- 1 Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria , Rende (CS), Italy .,2 University Consortium for Adaptive Disorders and Head Pain (UCADH), Section of Neuropharmacology of Normal and Pathological Neuronal Plasticity, University of Calabria , Rende, Italy
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Zakrzewska-Pniewska B, Styczynska M, Podlecka A, Samocka R, Peplonska B, Barcikowska M, Kwiecinski H. Association of apolipoprotein E and myeloperoxidase genotypes to clinical course of familial and sporadic multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2016; 10:266-71. [PMID: 15222689 DOI: 10.1191/1352458504ms1015oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The importance of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) genotypes in the clinical characteristics of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been recently emphasized. In a large group of Polish patients we have tested the hypothesis that polymorphism in ApoE and MPO genes may influence the course of the disease. G enotypes were determined in 117 MS patients (74 females and 43 males; 99 sporadic and 18 familial cases) with mean EDSS of 3.6, mean age of 44.1 years, mean duration of the disease 12.8 years and mean onset of MS at 31.2 years, and in 100 healthy controls. The relationship between ApoE and MPO genes’ polymorphism and the MS activity as well as the defect of remyelination (diffuse demyelination) and brain atrophy on MRI were analysed. The ApoE o4 allele was not related to the disease course or the ApoE o2 to the intensity of demyelination on MRI. The genotype MPO G/G was found in all familial MS and in 57% (56/99) of sporadic cases. This genotype was also related to more pronounced brain atrophy on MRI. The MPO G/G subpopulation was characterized by a significantly higher proportion of patients with secondary progressive MS (PB- 0.05) and by a higher value of EDSS. A ccording to our results the MPO G allele is frequently found (in 96% of cases) among Polish patients with MS. More severe nervous tissue damage in the MPO G/G form can be explained by the mechanism of accelerated oxidative stress. It seems that MPO G/G genotype may be one of the genetic factors influencing the progression rate of disability in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Zakrzewska-Pniewska
- Department of Neurology, The Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Banacha 1A, Str., Poland.
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Ray RS, Katyal A. Myeloperoxidase: Bridging the gap in neurodegeneration. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 68:611-620. [PMID: 27343997 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative conditions present a group of complex disease pathologies mostly due to unknown aetiology resulting in neuronal death and permanent neurological disability. Any undesirable stress to the brain, disrupts homeostatic balance, through a remarkable convergence of pathophysiological changes and immune dysregulation. The crosstalk between inflammatory and oxidative mechanisms results in the release of neurotoxic mediators apparently spearheaded by myeloperoxidase derived from activated microglia, astrocytes, neurons as well as peripheral inflammatory cells. These isolated entities combinedly have the potential to flare up and contribute significantly to neuropathology and disease progression. Recent, clinicopathological evidence support the association of myeloperoxidase and its cytotoxic product, hypochlorous acid in a plethora of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Multiple sclerosis, Stroke, Epilepsy etc. But the biochemical and mechanistic insights into myeloperoxidase mediated neuroinflammation and neuronal death is still an uncharted territory. The current review outlines the emerging recognition of myeloperoxidase in neurodegeneration, which may offer novel therapeutic and diagnostic targets for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Ray
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research (ACBR), University of Delhi, North Campus, Delhi 110 007, India.
| | - Anju Katyal
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research (ACBR), University of Delhi, North Campus, Delhi 110 007, India.
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Elevation of Microglial Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Contributes to Development of Neuropathic Pain after Spinal Nerve Ligation in Rats. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2016; 41:E108-15. [PMID: 26583471 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000001131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistological analysis of spinal cord and pain behavior analysis in a rat neuropathic pain model were conducted to examine the function of microglial basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in the development of neuropathic pain. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of bFGF in spinal microglia during the development of allodynia following spinal nerve ligation in rats. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Evidence suggests that the production of bFGF by spinal cord glial cells is increased in response to peripheral nerve injury. Although an association between bFGF and astrocytes has been widely reported, the relationship between bFGF and microglia, particularly with respect to the development of neuropathic pain, remains poorly understood. METHODS Spinal nerve ligation rats were used. After surgery, bFGF expression in the spinal cord was investigated using RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Neutralizing antibodies to bFGF were injected intrathecally into rats after spinal nerve ligaton. Spinal cords were used for RT-PCR analysis and pain behavior was analyzed using the von Frey test. RESULTS bFGF mRNA expression was significantly increased in the spinal cord 6 hours after spinal nerve ligation compared with untreated rats. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that bFGF co-localized with ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1, a microglial marker, and myeloperoxidase. Neutralizing antibodies to bFGF attenuated mechanical allodynia and myeloperoxidase mRNA expression. CONCLUSION bFGF increased in spinal microglia during the development allodynia after spinal nerve ligation. Thus, controlling bFGF release from microglia during the acute stage of peripheral nerve injury may suppress the progression of allodynia. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A.
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Kalogiannis M, Delikatny EJ, Jeitner TM. Serotonin as a putative scavenger of hypohalous acid in the brain. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1862:651-661. [PMID: 26699077 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders represent the culmination of numerous insults including oxidative stress. The long etiology of most of these disorders suggests that lessening the effects of one or more of the insults could significantly delay disease onset. Antioxidants have been tested as possible therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders, but with little success. Here we report that serotonin acts as a scavenger of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) in the brain. Serotonin was shown to prevent the oxidation of 2-thio-5-nitrobenzoate by HOCl in a biphasic manner. The first phase was a partial scavenging that occurred at concentrations of serotonin that exceeded those of HOCl. (1)H-NMR studies indicated that HOCl chlorinates both the aryl and akyl nitrogen atoms of serotonin. Thus, the oxidation of 2-thio-5-nitrobenzoate that occurred during the first phase of scavenging is likely due to the formation of serotonergic chloramines. A second phase of scavenging occurred at concentrations of HOCl that exceeded those of serotonin. Under these conditions, the chlorinated serotonin polymerized and formed inert aggregates. Serotonin was further shown to prevent the loss of cells and cellular α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex activity caused by HOCl. Extracellular concentrations of serotonin in the brain can be elevated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and suggests that such compounds could be used to increase the cerebral antioxidant capacity. Acute administration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors to mice treated with endotoxin partially mitigated sickness behavior and protein chlorination in the brain. These observations suggest that serotonin may act to suppress chlorinative stress in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Kalogiannis
- Department of Neurosciences, Winthrop University Hospital, 222 Station Plaza, Mineola, NY 11501, USA.
| | - E James Delikatny
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 317 Anatomy Chemistry Building, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Thomas M Jeitner
- Department of Neurosciences, Winthrop University Hospital, 222 Station Plaza, Mineola, NY 11501, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Basic Sciences, 15 Dana Road, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
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78
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Frijhoff J, Winyard PG, Zarkovic N, Davies SS, Stocker R, Cheng D, Knight AR, Taylor EL, Oettrich J, Ruskovska T, Gasparovic AC, Cuadrado A, Weber D, Poulsen HE, Grune T, Schmidt HHHW, Ghezzi P. Clinical Relevance of Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:1144-70. [PMID: 26415143 PMCID: PMC4657513 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 543] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Oxidative stress is considered to be an important component of various diseases. A vast number of methods have been developed and used in virtually all diseases to measure the extent and nature of oxidative stress, ranging from oxidation of DNA to proteins, lipids, and free amino acids. RECENT ADVANCES An increased understanding of the biology behind diseases and redox biology has led to more specific and sensitive tools to measure oxidative stress markers, which are very diverse and sometimes very low in abundance. CRITICAL ISSUES The literature is very heterogeneous. It is often difficult to draw general conclusions on the significance of oxidative stress biomarkers, as only in a limited proportion of diseases have a range of different biomarkers been used, and different biomarkers have been used to study different diseases. In addition, biomarkers are often measured using nonspecific methods, while specific methodologies are often too sophisticated or laborious for routine clinical use. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Several markers of oxidative stress still represent a viable biomarker opportunity for clinical use. However, positive findings with currently used biomarkers still need to be validated in larger sample sizes and compared with current clinical standards to establish them as clinical diagnostics. It is important to realize that oxidative stress is a nuanced phenomenon that is difficult to characterize, and one biomarker is not necessarily better than others. The vast diversity in oxidative stress between diseases and conditions has to be taken into account when selecting the most appropriate biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Frijhoff
- 1 Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University , Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Paul G Winyard
- 2 University of Exeter Medical School , Exeter, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sean S Davies
- 4 Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee.,5 Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Roland Stocker
- 6 Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute , Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia .,7 School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Cheng
- 6 Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute , Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Annie R Knight
- 2 University of Exeter Medical School , Exeter, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jeannette Oettrich
- 1 Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University , Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tatjana Ruskovska
- 8 Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev University , Stip, Macedonia
| | | | - Antonio Cuadrado
- 9 Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) , ISCIII, Madrid, Spain .,10 Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas "Alberto Sols" UAM-CSIC , Madrid, Spain .,11 Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz) , Madrid, Spain .,12 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid , Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniela Weber
- 13 Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) , Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Henrik Enghusen Poulsen
- 14 Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, Denmark .,15 Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tilman Grune
- 13 Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) , Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Harald H H W Schmidt
- 1 Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University , Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Pietro Ghezzi
- 16 Brighton and Sussex Medical School , Brighton, United Kingdom
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Debabrata K, Prasanta B, Vineet N, Anshul G, Arindam S, Satadal D. Aggressive periodontitis: An appraisal of systemic effects on its etiology-genetic aspect. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2015; 19:169-73. [PMID: 26015667 PMCID: PMC4439626 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.148647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a lysosomal enzyme found in the azurophilic granules of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and is able to mediate inflammatory tissue destruction in aggressive and chronic periodontitis (CP). Human telomerase is a multi subunit ribonucleoprotein enzyme concerned with telomeric lengthening and homeostasis in man and has been found to be elevated in inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis. The aim of this study was to explore in aggressive periodontitis (AP) subjects: (i) The role of MPO-463G/A gene polymorphism and (ii) the level of telomerase expression. These parameters have been compared with the subjects of CP and that of the healthy controls. Materials and Methods: A total of 45 subjects of the age group 20–50 years and free from any known systemic disease were included in the study. They were divided into three groups – Group I-periodontally healthy control (n = 15), Group II-CP (n = 15) and Group III-AP (n = 15). Peripheral blood samples and gingival tissue samples were collected for MPO gene polymorphism and telomerase expression, respectively, for detection by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Results: The frequencies of AG and AA genotypes in the MPO gene polymorphism were more common in the AP subjects when compared to the controls. The m-RNA expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) was undetectable in the gingival tissue of the control group. Its expression in AP subjects was significantly higher than that of CP group (83.61 ± 2.94 in CP and 104.27 ± 6.06 in AP) (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: Our data suggest that MPO-463G/A may be associated with increased risk of AP. The level of tissue hTERT was elevated in AP subjects as compared to CP and healthy control groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kundu Debabrata
- Department of Periodontia, Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Nair Vineet
- Department of Periodontia, Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Garg Anshul
- Department of Periodontia, Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Saha Arindam
- Private practice, Peerless Hospital and B.K Roy Research Centre, Kolkata, India
| | - Das Satadal
- Institute of Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, Peerless Hospital and B.K Roy Research Centre, Kolkata, India
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80
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Biomarkers for infection: enzymes, microbes, and metabolites. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:4595-614. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6637-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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81
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Csató V, Pető A, Fülöp GÁ, Rutkai I, Pásztor ET, Fagyas M, Kalász J, Édes I, Tóth A, Papp Z. Myeloperoxidase evokes substantial vasomotor responses in isolated skeletal muscle arterioles of the rat. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 214:109-23. [PMID: 25760778 PMCID: PMC4654238 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aims Myeloperoxidase (MPO) catalyses the formation of a wide variety of oxidants, including hypochlorous acid (HOCl), and contributes to cardiovascular disease progression. We hypothesized that during its action MPO evokes substantial vasomotor responses. Methods Following exposure to MPO (1.92 mU mL−1) in the presence of increasing concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), changes in arteriolar diameter of isolated gracilis skeletal muscle arterioles (SMAs) and coronary arterioles (CAs) and in the isometric force in basilar arteries (BAs) of the rat were monitored. Results Myeloperoxidase increased vascular tone to different degrees in CAs, SMAs and BAs. The mechanism of increased vasoconstriction was studied in detail in SMAs. MPO-evoked vasoconstrictions were prevented by the MPO inhibitor 4-aminobenzhydrazide (50 μm), by endothelium removal in the SMAs. Surprisingly, the HOCl scavenger L-methionine (100 μm), the thromboxane A2 (TXA2) antagonist SQ-29548 (1 μm) or the non-specific cyclooxygenase (COX) antagonist indomethacin (1 μm) converted the MPO-evoked vasoconstrictions to pronounced vasodilations in SMAs, not seen in the presence of H2O2. In contrast to noradrenaline-induced vasoconstrictions, the MPO-evoked vasoconstrictions were not accompanied by significant increases in arteriolar [Ca2+] levels in SMAs. Conclusion These data showed that H2O2-derived HOCl to be a potent vasoconstrictor upon MPO application. HOCl activated the COX pathway, causing the synthesis and release of a TXA2-like substance to increase the Ca2+ sensitivity of the contractile apparatus in vascular smooth muscle cells and thereby to augment H2O2-evoked vasoconstrictions. Nevertheless, inhibition of the HOCl–COX–TXA2 pathway unmasked the effects of additional MPO-derived radicals with a marked vasodilatory potential in SMAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Csató
- Division of Clinical Physiology Institute of Cardiology Research Center for Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
| | - A. Pető
- Division of Clinical Physiology Institute of Cardiology Research Center for Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
| | - G. Á. Fülöp
- Division of Clinical Physiology Institute of Cardiology Research Center for Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
| | - I. Rutkai
- Division of Clinical Physiology Institute of Cardiology Research Center for Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
| | - E. T. Pásztor
- Division of Clinical Physiology Institute of Cardiology Research Center for Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
| | - M. Fagyas
- Division of Clinical Physiology Institute of Cardiology Research Center for Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
| | - J. Kalász
- Division of Clinical Physiology Institute of Cardiology Research Center for Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
| | - I. Édes
- Division of Clinical Physiology Institute of Cardiology Research Center for Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
| | - A. Tóth
- Division of Clinical Physiology Institute of Cardiology Research Center for Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
| | - Z. Papp
- Division of Clinical Physiology Institute of Cardiology Research Center for Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
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82
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Wu D, Chen X, Dong C, Liu Q, Yang Y, He C, Wang J, Sun M, Wu Y. Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in MPO and COX genes with oral lichen planus. Int J Immunogenet 2015; 42:161-7. [PMID: 25823564 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is an intractable, chronic inflammatory disorder, and its pathogenesis is still largely unknown. Some literatures supported that genes involved in both oxidative stress and prostaglandin metabolism play an important role in the process of inflammation. To explore their association with OLP, we investigated four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from myeloperoxidase (MPO) and cyclooxygenase (COX) genes in 475 Chinese individuals (242 case and 233 controls) by MassArray. Although the genotype distributions had no significant differences between the patients and controls, we found that in different gender, rs2243828 from MPO displayed the statistically significant variance genotype frequencies between patients and controls (P = 0.018 in females, P = 0.035 in males). Moreover, for the major allele recessive model, this SNP also showed a significant difference between case and control groups in males (P = 0.015). In this study, we first observed significant association with MPO polymorphism and OLP risk in different gender groups in Chinese, suggesting MPO polymorphism is a gender-specific risk factor of OLP probably by influencing sex hormone-sensitive elements to regulate inflammatory gene expression networks, and we further revealed that oxidative stress was actually involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. Moreover, these findings inspire us some constructive solutions to the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wu
- Center for DNA Typing, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - X Chen
- Center for DNA Typing, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - C Dong
- Hematology Department, Xianyang Rainbow Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Q Liu
- Periodontal Mucosal Department, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Y Yang
- Center for DNA Typing, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - C He
- Center for DNA Typing, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Operative Dentistry & Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - M Sun
- Center for DNA Typing, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Y Wu
- Center for DNA Typing, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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83
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Mehanna ET, Saleh SM, Ghattas MH, Mesbah NM, Abo-Elmatty DM. Relation of myeloperoxidase-463G/A polymorphism with metabolic syndrome and its component traits in Egyptian women. Arch Physiol Biochem 2015; 121:13-8. [PMID: 25482861 DOI: 10.3109/13813455.2014.988631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Myeloperoxidase is a heme protein secreted by activated macrophages and generates intermediates that oxidize lipoproteins. Myeloperoxidase-463G/A is a functional polymorphism involved in regulation of myeloperoxidase expression. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to assess the relation of myeloperoxidase-463G/A polymorphism with metabolic syndrome and its component traits in Egyptian women from the Suez Canal area. METHODS The study includes 100 healthy female subjects and 100 metabolic syndrome patients. The component traits of metabolic syndrome are determined and the genotypes of the polymorphisms assessed using the PCR-RFLP technique. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the allele frequencies between the metabolic syndrome and control groups. However, the GA and AA genotypes were associated with lower total cholesterol, LDL-C, systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the patients. CONCLUSION Myeloperoxidase-463G/A polymorphism is not associated with the incidence of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman T Mehanna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University , Ismailia , Egypt and
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84
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Jeitner TM, Kalogiannis M, Patrick PA, Gomolin I, Palaia T, Ragolia L, Brand D, Delikatny EJ. Inflaming the diseased brain: a role for tainted melanins. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:937-50. [PMID: 25585261 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a crucial role in neurodegenerative diseases, but the irritants responsible for this response remain largely unknown. This report addressed the hypothesis that hypochlorous acid reacts with dopamine to produce melanic precipitates that promote cerebral inflammation. Spectrophotometric studies demonstrated that nM amounts of HOCl and dopamine react within seconds. A second-order rate constant for the reaction of HOCl and dopamine of 2.5 × 10(4)M(-1)s(-1) was obtained by measuring loss of dopaminergic fluorescence due to HOCl. Gravimetric measurements, electron microscopy, elemental analysis, and a novel use of flow cytometry confirmed that the major product of this reaction is a precipitate with an average diameter of 1.5 μm. Flow cytometry was also used to demonstrate the preferential reaction of HOCl with dopamine rather than albumin. Engulfment of the chlorodopamine particulates by phagocytes in vitro caused these cells to release TNFα and die. Intrastriatal administration of 10(6) particles also increased the content of TNFα in the brain and led to a 50% loss of the dopaminergic neurons in the nigra. These studies indicate that HOCl and dopamine react quickly and preferentially with each other to produce particles that promote inflammation and neuronal death in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Jeitner
- Department of Neurosciences, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY 11501, USA.
| | - M Kalogiannis
- Department of Neurosciences, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - P A Patrick
- Department of Outcomes Research, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - I Gomolin
- Department of Geriatrics, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - T Palaia
- Department of Vascular Biology, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - L Ragolia
- Department of Vascular Biology, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - D Brand
- Department of Outcomes Research, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - E J Delikatny
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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85
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Hooshmand MJ, Galvan MD, Partida E, Anderson AJ. Characterization of recovery, repair, and inflammatory processes following contusion spinal cord injury in old female rats: is age a limitation? IMMUNITY & AGEING 2014; 11:15. [PMID: 25512759 PMCID: PMC4265993 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4933-11-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Although the incidence of spinal cord injury (SCI) is steadily rising in the elderly human population, few studies have investigated the effect of age in rodent models. Here, we investigated the effect of age in female rats on spontaneous recovery and repair after SCI. Young (3 months) and aged (18 months) female rats received a moderate contusion SCI at T9. Behavioral recovery was assessed, and immunohistocemical and stereological analyses performed. Results Aged rats demonstrated greater locomotor deficits compared to young, beginning at 7 days post-injury (dpi) and lasting through at least 28 dpi. Unbiased stereological analyses revealed a selective increase in percent lesion area and early (2 dpi) apoptotic cell death caudal to the injury epicenter in aged versus young rats. One potential mechanism for these differences in lesion pathogenesis is the inflammatory response; we therefore assessed humoral and cellular innate immune responses. No differences in either acute or chronic serum complement activity, or acute neutrophil infiltration, were observed between age groups. However, the number of microglia/macrophages present at the injury epicenter was increased by 50% in aged animals versus young. Conclusions These data suggest that age affects recovery of locomotor function, lesion pathology, and microglia/macrophage response following SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra J Hooshmand
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, 2001 Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research, Irvine, CA 92697-4292, USA.,Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Manuel D Galvan
- Reeve-Irvine Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.,Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Elizabeth Partida
- Reeve-Irvine Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Aileen J Anderson
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, 2001 Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research, Irvine, CA 92697-4292, USA.,Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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Abstract
The triggering of innate immune mechanisms is emerging as a crucial component of major neurodegenerative diseases. Microglia and other cell types in the brain can be activated in response to misfolded proteins or aberrantly localized nucleic acids. This diverts microglia from their physiological and beneficial functions, and leads to their sustained release of pro-inflammatory mediators. In this Review, we discuss how the activation of innate immune signalling pathways - in particular, the NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome - by aberrant host proteins may be a common step in the development of diverse neurodegenerative disorders. During chronic activation of microglia, the sustained exposure of neurons to pro-inflammatory mediators can cause neuronal dysfunction and contribute to cell death. As chronic neuroinflammation is observed at relatively early stages of neurodegenerative disease, targeting the mechanisms that drive this process may be useful for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
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87
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Inhibition of myeloperoxidase: evaluation of 2H-indazoles and 1H-indazolones. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:6422-9. [PMID: 25438766 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) produces hypohalous acids as a key component of the innate immune response; however, release of these acids extracellularly results in inflammatory cell and tissue damage. The two-step, one-pot Davis-Beirut reaction was used to synthesize a library of 2H-indazoles and 1H-indazolones as putative inhibitors of MPO. A structure-activity relationship study was undertaken wherein compounds were evaluated utilizing taurine-chloramine and MPO-mediated H2O2 consumption assays. Docking studies as well as toxicophore and Lipinski analyses were performed. Fourteen compounds were found to be potent inhibitors with IC50 values <1μM, suggesting these compounds could be considered as potential modulators of pro-oxidative tissue injury pertubated by the inflammatory MPO/H2O2/HOCl/HOBr system.
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Kato Y, Ono S, Kitamoto N, Kettle AJ. Covalent modification of cytoskeletal proteins in neuronal cells by tryptamine-4,5-dione. Redox Biol 2014; 2:983-90. [PMID: 25460734 PMCID: PMC4215393 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin, 5-hydroxytryptamine, is a systemic bioactive amine that acts in the gut and brain. As a substrate of myeloperoxidase in vitro, serotonin is oxidized to tryptamine-4,5-dione (TD), which is highly reactive with thiols. In this work, we successively prepared a monoclonal antibody to quinone-modified proteins and found that the antibody preferentially recognizes the TD–thiol adduct. Using the antibody, we observed that the chloride ion, the predominant physiological substrate for myeloperoxidase in vivo, is not competitive toward the enzyme catalyzed serotonin oxidation process, suggesting that serotonin is a plausible physiological substrate for the enzyme in vivo. Immunocytochemical analyses revealed that TD staining was observed in the cytosol of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells while blot analyses showed that some cellular proteins were preferentially modified. Pull-down analyses confirmed that the cytoskeletal proteins tubulins, vimentin, and neurofilament-L were modified. When pure tubulins were exposed to micromolar levels of synthetic TD, self-polymerization was initially enhanced and then suppressed. These results suggest that serotonin oxidation by myeloperoxidase or the action of other oxidants could cause functional alteration of cellular proteins, which may be related to neurodegeneration processes or irritable bowel syndrome. Antibody to quinone-modified protein was established and characterized. Modification of protein by quinone was dependent on myeloperoxidase but independent of chloride ion concentration. We immunochemically found that cellular proteins were preferentially modified. Quinone modulated polymerization of tubulins in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoji Kato
- School of Human Science and Environment, University of Hyogo, Hyogo 670-0092, Japan.
| | - Shigeki Ono
- School of Human Science and Environment, University of Hyogo, Hyogo 670-0092, Japan.
| | - Noritoshi Kitamoto
- School of Human Science and Environment, University of Hyogo, Hyogo 670-0092, Japan.
| | - Anthony J Kettle
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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89
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Wei HJ, Li X, Tang XQ. Therapeutic benefits of H₂S in Alzheimer's disease. J Clin Neurosci 2014; 21:1665-9. [PMID: 24882562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), an endogenously generated gaseous mediator, has been discovered to regulate a series of physiological and pathological processes in mammalian systems. In recent decades scientific interest has grown in the physiological and pathological implications of H2S, specifically its role in the central nervous system (CNS). H2S can work in the CNS as a neuromodulator to promote long-term potentiation and regulate intracellular calcium concentration and pH level in brain cells. H2S may protect the nervous system from oxidative stress, apoptosis, or degeneration. The aim of this review is to present the current understanding of H2S as a potential agent for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Dysregulation of H2S homeostasis is implicated in the pathological processes of AD. Substantial evidence from both in vivo and in vitro studies shows that H2S prevents neuronal impairment and attenuates cognitive dysfunction in the experimental model of AD. The mechanisms underlying the protective role of H2S in AD involve its antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects. We conclude that H2S has potential therapeutic value for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jun Wei
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, University of South China, 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, PR China; Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xiao-Qing Tang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, University of South China, 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, PR China; Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, PR China.
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90
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Myeloperoxidase gene polymorphism predicts fibrosis severity in women with hepatitis C. Hum Immunol 2014; 75:766-70. [PMID: 24882572 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role on liver fibrosis progression in the course of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an enzyme released by neutrophils and macrophages, responsible for generating hypochlorous acid and reactive oxygen species (ROS) that may lead to liver injury in HCV infection. On the other hand, antioxidant enzymes such as manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD) controls ROS-mediated damage. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of MPO G-463A and SOD2 Ala16Val polymorphisms in the severity of liver fibrosis in individuals with chronic HCV infection. The present study included 270 patients with chronic HCV recruited from the Gastrohepatology Service of the Oswaldo Cruz University Hospital/Liver Institute of Pernambuco (Recife, Northeastern Brazil). All patients underwent liver biopsy, which was classified according METAVIR score. The SNPs were determined by real-time PCR. After multivariate analysis adjustment, the GG genotype of MPO and the presence of metabolic syndrome were independently associated with fibrosis severity in women (P = 0.025 OR 2.25 CI 1.10-4.59 and P = 0.032 OR 2.32 CI 1.07-5.01, respectively). The presence of the GG genotype seems to be a risk factor for fibrosis severity in women with HCV.
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91
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Khan AA, Rahmani AH, Aldebasi YH, Aly SM. Biochemical and pathological studies on peroxidases -an updated review. Glob J Health Sci 2014; 6:87-98. [PMID: 25168993 PMCID: PMC4825458 DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v6n5p87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxidases represent a family of isoenzymes actively involved in oxidizing reactive oxygen species, innate immunity, hormone biosynthesis and pathogenesis of several diseases. Different types of peroxidases have organ, tissues, cellular and sub-cellular level of specificities in their function. Different diseases lead to varied expressions of peroxidases based on several mechanisms proposed. Several researches are going on to understand its deficiency, over-expression and malfunction in relation with different diseases. Some common diseases of mankind like cancer, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes directly or indirectly involve the role of peroxidases. So the status of peroxidase levels may also function as a marker of different diseases. Although many types of diseases in human beings have a strong correlation with tissue specific peroxidases, the clear role of these oxido-reductases is not yet fully understood. Here we are focusing on the role of peroxidases in relations with different diseases occurring due to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad A Khan
- Dept. of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia.
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92
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Al-Hilaly YK, Williams TL, Stewart-Parker M, Ford L, Skaria E, Cole M, Bucher WG, Morris KL, Sada AA, Thorpe JR, Serpell LC. A central role for dityrosine crosslinking of Amyloid-β in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2013; 1:83. [PMID: 24351276 PMCID: PMC3880074 DOI: 10.1186/2051-5960-1-83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the deposition of insoluble amyloid plaques in the neuropil composed of highly stable, self-assembled Amyloid-beta (Aβ) fibrils. Copper has been implicated to play a role in Alzheimer's disease. Dimers of Aβ have been isolated from AD brain and have been shown to be neurotoxic. RESULTS We have investigated the formation of dityrosine cross-links in Aβ42 formed by covalent ortho-ortho coupling of two tyrosine residues under conditions of oxidative stress with elevated copper and shown that dityrosine can be formed in vitro in Aβ oligomers and fibrils and that these links further stabilize the fibrils. Dityrosine crosslinking was present in internalized Aβ in cell cultures treated with oligomeric Aβ42 using a specific antibody for dityrosine by immunogold labeling transmission electron microscopy. Results also revealed the prevalence of dityrosine crosslinks in amyloid plaques in brain tissue and in cerebrospinal fluid from AD patients. CONCLUSIONS Aβ dimers may be stabilized by dityrosine crosslinking. These results indicate that dityrosine cross-links may play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and can be generated by reactive oxygen species catalyzed by Cu2+ ions. The observation of increased Aβ and dityrosine in CSF from AD patients suggests that this could be used as a potential biomarker of oxidative stress in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssra K Al-Hilaly
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer BN1 9QG, UK
- College of Sciences, Chemistry department, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | | | - Lenzie Ford
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Eldhose Skaria
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Michael Cole
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer BN1 9QG, UK
| | | | - Kyle L Morris
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer BN1 9QG, UK
- Current address: School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Alaa Abdul Sada
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Julian R Thorpe
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Louise C Serpell
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer BN1 9QG, UK
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Cuartero MI, Ballesteros I, Moraga A, Nombela F, Vivancos J, Hamilton JA, Corbí ÁL, Lizasoain I, Moro MA. N2 neutrophils, novel players in brain inflammation after stroke: modulation by the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone. Stroke 2013; 44:3498-508. [PMID: 24135932 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.113.002470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Neutrophils have been traditionally recognized as major mediators of a deleterious inflammatory response in acute ischemic stroke, but their potential as a therapeutic target remains unexplored. Recent evidence indicates that neutrophils may acquire different phenotypes and contribute to resolution of inflammation through the release of anti-inflammatory mediators. Thus, similar to M2 macrophages, neutrophils have been proposed to shift toward an N2 phenotype, a polarization that is peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ dependent in macrophages. We hypothesize that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ activation with rosiglitazone induces changes in neutrophilic mobilization and phenotype that might influence stroke outcome. METHODS Brain sections and cell suspensions were prepared from mice exposed to permanent distal middle cerebral artery occlusion. Double immunostaining with stereological counting of brain sections and flow-cytometry analysis of brain cell suspensions were performed. RESULTS Rosiglitazone accelerated neutrophil infiltration to the ischemic core, concomitantly to neuroprotection. Some neutrophils (≈31%) expressed M2 markers, namely Ym1 and CD206 (mannose receptor). After treatment with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist rosiglitazone, most neutrophils (≈77%) acquired an N2 phenotype. Interestingly, rosiglitazone increased neutrophil engulfment by microglia/macrophages, a clearance that preferentially affected the N2 subset. CONCLUSIONS We present the first evidence of neutrophil reprogramming toward an N2 phenotype in brain inflammation, which can be modulated by activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ nuclear receptor. We also show that N2 polarization is associated with an increased neutrophil clearance, thus suggesting that this switch is a crucial event for resolution of inflammation that may participate in neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Isabel Cuartero
- From the Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain (M.I.C., I.B., A.M., I.L., M.A.M.); Servicio de Neurología and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain (F.N., J.V.); Arthritis and Inflammation Research Centre, University of Melbourne and Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (J.A.H.); and Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain (A.L.C.)
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94
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Haddadi R, Mohajjel Nayebi A, Brooshghalan SE. Pre-treatment with silymarin reduces brain myeloperoxidase activity and inflammatory cytokines in 6-OHDA hemi-parkinsonian rats. Neurosci Lett 2013; 555:106-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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95
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The myeloperoxidase -463G/A polymorphism and coronary artery disease risk: A meta-analysis of 1938 cases and 1990 controls. Clin Biochem 2013; 46:1644-8. [PMID: 24036021 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Genetic polymorphism of human myeloperoxidase (MPO) -463G/A has been implicated to alter the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), but the results are controversial. To improve the reliability of the conflicting results, we conducted a meta-analysis of studies relating the MPO -463G/A polymorphism with the risk of CAD. DESIGN AND METHODS Two investigators independently searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library up to June, 2012. Summary odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the MPO -463G/A polymorphism and CAD risk were calculated, and potential sources of heterogeneity and publication bias were explored. Statistical analysis was performed with the software program of Stata 9.0. RESULTS 5 case-control studies were finally identified for analyses, involving 1938 cases with CAD and 1990 controls. We found that the MPO -463G/A polymorphism has no significant association with overall CAD risk (G/G vs A/A: OR=0.595, 95%CI=0.298-1.188, P=0.141; G/G vs G/A+A/A: OR=0.886, 95%CI=0.779-1.008, P=0.066; G/G+G/A vs A/A: OR=0.611, 95%CI=0.334-1.119, P=0.111; OR=0.886, 95%CI=0.779-1.008, P=0.066; G vs A: OR=0.843, 95%CI=0.675-1.053, P=0.133). The heterogeneity test showed that there were significant differences between individual studies in additive, recessive and allelic genetic models (P=0.008, P=0.021, P=0.019, respectively); further analyses revealed that age and sex possibly account for the heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis demonstrated the evidence that there was no significant association between the MPO -463G/A polymorphism and the risk of CAD; larger and well-designed multicenter studies are needed to confirm our results.
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96
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Qin X, Deng Y, Zeng ZY, Peng QL, Huang XL, Mo CJ, Li S, Zhao JM. Myeloperoxidase polymorphism, menopausal status, and breast cancer risk: an update meta-analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72583. [PMID: 23991124 PMCID: PMC3749128 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a metabolic/oxidative lysosomal enzyme secreted by reactive neutrophils at the sites of inflamed organs and tissues during phagocytosis. MPO has been either directly or indirectly linked to neoplasia, which is a well-established risk factor for many types of cancer. A large number of studies have reported the role of MPO G-463A polymorphism regarding breast-cancer risk. However, the published findings are inconsistent. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to determine more precise estimations for the relationship. Eligible studies were identified by searching several electronic databases for relevant reports published before June 2012. According to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria, a total of five eligible studies were included in the pooled analyses. When the five eligible studies concerning MPO G-463A polymorphism were pooled into this meta-analysis, there was no evidence found for a significant association between MPO G-463A polymorphism and breast-cancer risk in any genetic model. We also categorized by ethnicity (Caucasian or Asian) for subgroup analysis; according to this subgroup analysis, we found no significant association between MPO G-463A polymorphism and breast-cancer risk in any genetic model. However, in the stratified analysis for the premenopausal group, women carrying the AA genotype were found to have a significantly reduced risk (OR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.34-0.94, p = 0.027). Under the recessive model, there was a significant association between MPO G-463A polymorphism and breast-cancer risk (OR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.34-0.93, p = 0.025). We conclude that MPO-G463A polymorphism might not be a good predictor of breast-cancer risk, though menopausal status modified women's risk of developing breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhi-Yu Zeng
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qi-Liu Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiu-Li Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Cui-Ju Mo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- * E-mail: (SL); (JMZ)
| | - Jin-Min Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- * E-mail: (SL); (JMZ)
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Castillo-Tong DC, Pils D, Heinze G, Braicu I, Sehouli J, Reinthaller A, Schuster E, Wolf A, Watrowski R, Maki RA, Zeillinger R, Reynolds WF. Association of myeloperoxidase with ovarian cancer. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:141-8. [PMID: 23893381 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1017-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an oxidant generating enzyme normally restricted to myeloid cells, however aberrant MPO expression has been found to occur in non-myeloid cells in some disease states. The functional -463GA promoter polymorphism alters MPO expression levels. The -463G is within an SP1 binding site and is associated with higher gene expression. The G allele is most frequent with ~62% of European populations being GG homozygotes. The GA polymorphism has been associated with risk or survival in a variety of cancers including lung and breast cancer. In this study we determined the frequency of the -463G/A polymorphism in 230 ovarian cancer patients, 75 patients with borderline ovarian tumors, and 299 healthy controls. The GG genotype was found to be overrepresented in patients with early stage ovarian cancer (83.3% GG, p = 0.008) as compared to healthy controls (62% GG), suggesting that MPO oxidants may increase risk. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed MPO expression in a subset of columnar ovarian epithelial carcinoma cells in early stage carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Cacsire Castillo-Tong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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98
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Abstract
The heme-containing enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) is secreted from polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes. It is involved in host defence and inflammation by oxidation of numerous small molecules. This review summarises our current results on the determination of redox properties of all intermediates involved in the halogenation and peroxidase cycle of MPO. The standard reduction potentials of the redox couples compound I/native MPO, compound I/compound II of MPO, and compound II/native MPO have been determined to be 1.16 V, 1.35 V, and 0.97 V, respectively, at pH 7 and 25 degrees C. Thus, for the first time, a full description of these important thermodynamic parameters of myeloperoxidase has been performed, allowing a better understanding of its extraordinary reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Arnhold
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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99
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Pulli B, Ali M, Forghani R, Schob S, Hsieh KLC, Wojtkiewicz G, Linnoila JJ, Chen JW. Measuring myeloperoxidase activity in biological samples. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67976. [PMID: 23861842 PMCID: PMC3702519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enzymatic activity measurements of the highly oxidative enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO), which is implicated in many diseases, are widely used in the literature, but often suffer from nonspecificity and lack of uniformity. Thus, validation and standardization are needed to establish a robust method that is highly specific, sensitive, and reproducible for assaying MPO activity in biological samples. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We found conflicting results between in vivo molecular MR imaging of MPO, which measures extracellular activity, and commonly used in vitro MPO activity assays. Thus, we established and validated a protocol to obtain extra- and intracellular MPO from murine organs. To validate the MPO activity assays, three different classes of MPO activity assays were used in spike and recovery experiments. However, these assay methods yielded inconsistent results, likely because of interfering substances and other peroxidases present in tissue extracts. To circumvent this, we first captured MPO with an antibody. The MPO activity of the resultant samples was assessed by ADHP and validated against samples from MPO-knockout mice in murine disease models of multiple sclerosis, steatohepatitis, and myocardial infarction. We found the measurements performed using this protocol to be highly specific and reproducible, and when performed using ADHP, to be highly sensitive over a broad range. In addition, we found that intracellular MPO activity correlated well with tissue neutrophil content, and can be used as a marker to assess neutrophil infiltration in the tissue. CONCLUSION We validated a highly specific and sensitive assay protocol that should be used as the standard method for all MPO activity assays in biological samples. We also established a method to obtain extra- and intracellular MPO from murine organs. Extracellular MPO activity gives an estimate of the oxidative stress in inflammatory diseases, while intracellular MPO activity correlates well with tissue neutrophil content. A detailed step-by-step protocol is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Pulli
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Reza Forghani
- Department of Radiology, Jewish General Hospital and McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Stefan Schob
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kevin L. C. Hsieh
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medical Imaging, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Gregory Wojtkiewicz
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jenny J. Linnoila
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - John W. Chen
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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100
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Järemo P, Milovanovic M, Buller C, Nilsson S, Winblad B. Alzheimer's disease and granulocyte density diversity. Eur J Clin Invest 2013; 43:545-8. [PMID: 23551244 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study investigates circulating eosinophils and neutrophils in Alzheimer's (AD) type dementia with respect to density (kg/L). The existence of β-amyloid plaques in the brain is a feature of AD. Sporadic scientific reports indicate that the disease affects circulating neutrophils. In contrast, numerous publications investigate inflammatory reactions in AD brains. Locally, the plaques evoke a substantial inflammatory response involving activated microglia and astrocytes. METHODS Subjects with probable AD (n = 39) were included and compared with elderly individuals (n = 22) lacking apparent memory problems. We sampled 10 mL venous blood in citrate. Granulocytes were separated according to density in linear Percoll™ gradients. Subsequently, the gradients were divided into density subfractions (n = 16). In every fraction, determination of eosinophil and neutrophil counts was carried out. RESULTS AD sufferers displayed less granulocytes in fractions nos. 13-15 containing light cells. For these fractions, the P-values proved to be (P < 0.001; not significant; P = 0.03) and (P = 0.01; P = 0.01; not significant), for eosinophils and neutrophils, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The present work describes that less circulating light granulocytes are a feature of AD demented individuals. It is to hypothesize that it is a sign of impaired granulocyte turnover and cell damage. It is concluded that AD affects inflammatory cells in the periphery and that the behaviour of granulocytes in dementia is worthwhile further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petter Järemo
- Department of Internal Medicine, the Vrinnevi Hospital, Norrköping, Sweden.
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