51
|
Bluth K, Eisenlohr-Moul TA. Response to a mindful self-compassion intervention in teens: A within-person association of mindfulness, self-compassion, and emotional well-being outcomes. J Adolesc 2017; 57:108-118. [PMID: 28414965 PMCID: PMC5514374 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
As adolescence can be a stressful developmental stage, the purpose of this study was to determine if a novel mindful self-compassion program would decrease stress, depressive symptoms, and anxiety and increase resilience, gratitude, and curiosity/exploration (positive risk-taking), and to ascertain if mindfulness and self-compassion co-varied with these outcomes over time. Forty-seven adolescents in the southeast U.S. enrolled in an 8-week mindful self-compassion course in five cohorts. Measures were assessed at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 6-week follow-up. Multilevel growth analyses revealed main effects of time on perceived stress, resilience, curiosity/exploration and gratitude. Additionally, both mindfulness and self-compassion co-varied with perceived stress and depressive symptoms; mindfulness also co-varied with anxiety and self-compassion co-varied with resilience and curiosity/exploration. Implications of these findings are that this program has potential in decreasing stress and increasing resilience and positive risk-taking. Future studies with a control group need to be conducted to confirm these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Bluth
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB7200, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA.
| | - Tory A Eisenlohr-Moul
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2218 Nelson Highway, Suite 3, Chapel Hill, NC 27517, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
|
53
|
Pomerantz H, Parent J, Forehand R, Breslend NL, Winer JP. Pubertal Timing and Youth Internalizing Psychopathology: The Role of Relational Aggression. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2017; 26:416-423. [PMID: 28529439 PMCID: PMC5436699 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-016-0598-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The current study examined relational aggression as a potential mechanism that explains the association between off-time pubertal development and internalizing problems in youth. Youth gender was also examined as a moderator for the association between these variables. It was hypothesized that early pubertal maturation would be associated with higher levels of relationally aggressive behavior which, in turn, would be associated with elevated levels of internalizing problems. Parents of 372 children between the ages of 8 and 17 were recruited through Amazon's Mechanical Turk. Parents responded to demographic information about themselves, as well as information about their child's pubertal timing, relationally aggressive behavior, and anxiety and depressive symptoms. Findings indicated that early pubertal timing was associated with higher levels of anxiety directly, and higher levels of both anxiety and depressive symptoms indirectly through higher levels of relational aggression. In all but one of the pathways examined, gender was not found to moderate the associations between the study variables of interest. This study is the first to examine relational aggression as a mechanism by which early pubertal timing leads to internalizing problems. The findings suggest that relational aggression could be a target for intervention among early developing youth who are at risk for internalizing problems.
Collapse
|
54
|
Tolman DL, Impett EA, Tracy AJ, Michael A. Looking Good, Sounding Good: Femininity Ideology and Adolescent Girls' Mental Health. PSYCHOLOGY OF WOMEN QUARTERLY 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-6402.2006.00265.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study used a feminist psychodynamic developmental framework to test the hypothesis that internalizing conventional femininity ideologies in two domains—inauthenticity in relationships and body objectification—is associated with early adolescent girls' mental health. One hundred forty-eight eighth-grade girls completed measures of femininity ideology, self-esteem, depression, and demographic characteristics. In the first part of this study, we refined the Adolescent Femininity Ideology Scale originally developed by Tolman and Porche (2000) . In the second part, we used structural equation modeling to test models linking femininity ideology to mental health. Results revealed that body objectification, and to a lesser extent, inauthenticity in relationships, accounted for half of the variance in depression and over two-thirds of the variance in self-esteem in a critical period of development for adolescent girls. The importance of a feminist psychodynamic developmental framework for identifying and understanding salient dimensions of female adolescence is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah L. Tolman
- Center for Research on Gender and Sexuality San Francisco State University
| | - Emily A. Impett
- Center for Research on Gender and Sexuality San Francisco State University
| | - Allison J. Tracy
- Center for Research on Gender and Sexuality San Francisco State University
| | | |
Collapse
|
55
|
Grabe S, Hyde JS, Lindberg SM. Body Objectification and Depression in Adolescents: The Role of Gender, Shame, and Rumination. PSYCHOLOGY OF WOMEN QUARTERLY 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-6402.2007.00350.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectification theory posits that the tendency to view oneself as an object to be looked at and evaluated by others negatively affects girls', but not boys', subjective well-being. Although it has been established that women self-objectify more than men, research in this area has been limited to the study of adult college women. The aim in the current longitudinal study was to investigate the role of body shame and rumination in the link between self-objectification and depression among a community sample of girls and boys at ages 11 and 13. Results indicated that adolescent girls reported higher levels of self-objectification, body shame, rumination, and depression than boys. The findings support a model in which body shame and rumination mediate a direct relation between self-objectification and depression among girls; developmentally, the gender difference in self-objectification appears before the gender differences in rumination and depression.
Collapse
|
56
|
Langdon KJ, Rubin A, Brief DJ, Enggasser JL, Roy M, Solhan M, Helmuth E, Rosenbloom D, Keane TM. Sexual Traumatic Event Exposure, Posttraumatic Stress Symptomatology, and Alcohol Misuse Among Women: A Critical Review of the Empirical Literature. CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY-SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/cpsp.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten J. Langdon
- National Center for PTSD; Women's Health Sciences Division; VA Boston Healthcare System; Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Amy Rubin
- National Center for PTSD; VA Boston Healthcare System; Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Deborah J. Brief
- National Center for PTSD; VA Boston Healthcare System; Boston University School of Medicine
| | | | - Monica Roy
- VA Boston Healthcare System; Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Marika Solhan
- VA Boston Healthcare System; Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Eric Helmuth
- National Center for PTSD; Boston University School of Public Health
| | - David Rosenbloom
- National Center for PTSD; Boston University School of Public Health
| | - Terence M. Keane
- National Center for PTSD; VA Boston Healthcare System; Boston University School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Puralewski R, Vasilakis G, Seney ML. Sex-related factors influence expression of mood-related genes in the basolateral amygdala differentially depending on age and stress exposure. Biol Sex Differ 2016; 7:50. [PMID: 27660699 PMCID: PMC5027117 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-016-0106-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women are twice as likely to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) compared to men, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this sex difference are unclear. Previous studies in the human postmortem brain suggest dysfunction in basolateral amygdala (BLA) inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) signaling and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) function, specifically in females with MDD. METHODS We investigated the effects of sex chromosome complement, developmental gonadal sex, and circulating testosterone on expression of 3 GABA-related and 2 BDNF-related genes in the BLA using three cohorts of four core genotypes (FCG) mice. Cohort 1 included gonadally intact pre-pubertal FCG mice; results were analyzed using two-way ANOVA (sex chromosome complement-by-gonadal sex). We examined the same genes under adult non-stressed (cohort 2) and chronically stressed conditions (cohort 3). The results for cohorts 2 and 3 were analyzed by three-way ANOVA (sex chromosome complement-by-gonadal sex-by-hormone). The use of heatmaps and Spearman correlation of BLA gene expression and anxiety-like behavior provides a global interpretation of gene expression patterns. RESULTS In weanlings, we found an effect of sex chromosome complement, with lower expression of GABA/BDNF-related genes in XY mice. Most of these effects did not persist into adulthood, although a number of interesting interactions between organizational and activational effects of hormones emerged. In our adult cohorts, we found that testosterone had different effects depending on stress conditions and/or gonadal sex. Notably, in our chronically stressed adults, we found that the BLA pattern of gene expression for the GABA-related gene, somatostatin (Sst), matched the anxiety-like behavior pattern (i.e., lower Sst and higher anxiety-like behavior in XY mice, while testosterone increased Sst and decreased anxiety-like behavior). Additionally, increased Sst gene expression was correlated with decreased anxiety-like behavior. CONCLUSIONS Sex chromosome complement is an important factor modulating expression of mood-related genes during pre-pubertal development. The observed sex differences under chronically stressed conditions suggest that different molecular profiles may characterize male and female MDD. Our findings here for Sst are especially interesting, and suggest an underlying XY vulnerability that is typically compensated for by circulating testosterone in "normal" males. Without testosterone, women may have lower SST expression in the amygdala, resulting in increased MDD vulnerability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Puralewski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA ; Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Georgia Vasilakis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA ; Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Marianne L Seney
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA ; Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Age and Gender Differences in the Associations of Self-Compassion and Emotional Well-being in A Large Adolescent Sample. J Youth Adolesc 2016; 46:840-853. [PMID: 27632177 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-016-0567-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a challenging developmental period marked with declines in emotional well-being; however, self-compassion has been suggested as a protective factor. This cross-sectional survey study (N = 765, grades 7th to 12th; 53 % female; 4 % Hispanic ethnicity; 64 % White and 21 % Black) examined whether adolescents' self-compassion differed by age and gender, and secondly, whether its associations with emotional well-being (perceived stress, life satisfaction, distress intolerance, depressive symptoms, and anxiety) also differed by age and gender. The findings indicated that older females had the lowest self-compassion levels compared to younger females or all-age males. Self-compassion was associated with all emotional well-being measures, and gender and/or age moderated the associations with anxiety and depressive symptoms. Among older adolescents, self-compassion had a greater protective effect on anxiety for boys than for girls. Additionally, older adolescents with low and average self-compassion had greater levels of depressive symptoms than those with high self-compassion. These results may inform for whom and at what age self-compassion interventions may be implemented to protect adolescents from further declines in emotional well-being.
Collapse
|
59
|
Choi MS, Kim EY. Body image and depression in girls with idiopathic precocious puberty treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2016; 21:155-160. [PMID: 27777908 PMCID: PMC5073162 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2016.21.3.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Precocious puberty (PP) is associated with psychological and behavioral problems. This study aimed to evaluate the perception of body image and depression in girls with PP receiving gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue therapy. METHODS From March to August 2013, 82 girls with PP receiving GnRH analogue therapy were enrolled. Height, weight, body mass index, and stages of pubertal development were assessed. Participants completed a series of questionnaires on their body image perception and pubertal self-assessment. The depression score was calculated using the Korean Kovacs' Children's Depression Inventory. RESULTS The patients perceived their body to be more obese than the controls did. The mean depression score did not differ between the patients and controls. The mean depression scores according to Tanner stages (1: prepubertal, 2: early pubertal, and 3-5: mid to late pubertal stage) by self-assessment were 5.2±3.6, 6.8±4.9, and 11.4±10.1 (P<0.05), respectively. The perception of overall body build and figure (%) and the mean depression scores in patients were: dissatisfied (25.6%, 9.7±7.8) and satisfied (74.4%, 5.5±3.4) (P<0.05). In multiple linear regression analysis, self-T3 (Tanner stage 3-5 by self-awareness) and dissatisfaction about overall body build and figure were found to significantly affect the depression score(P<0.05). CONCLUSION The perception of pubertal status and satisfaction about height or weight are unrelated to objective physical findings. Patients with PP are prone to distorted perception about their body image and breast development. Such incorrect body image seems to contribute to depression score.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Seon Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Tripković I, Roje R, Krnić S, Nazor M, Karin Ž, Čapkun V. Depression and Self-Esteem in Early Adolescence. Cent Eur J Public Health 2016; 23:166-9. [PMID: 26851429 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a4017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Depression prevalence has increased in the last few decades, affecting younger age groups. The aim of this research was to determine the range of depression and low self-esteem in elementary school children in the city of Split. Testing was carried out at school and the sample comprised 1,549 children (714 boys and 832 girls, aged 13). METHODS Two psychological instruments were used: the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (SEI) and the Children and Adolescent Depression Scale (SDD). RESULTS The average value of scores obtained by SEI test was 17.8 for all tested children. No statistically significant difference was found be-tween boys and girls. It was found that 11.9% of children showed signs of clinically significant depression, and 16.2% showed signs of depression. Statistically significant association between low self-esteem and clinically significant depression was found. No statistically significant difference among boys and girls according to dimension of cognitive depression was found, whereas statistically significant level of emotional depression was higher in girls than boys. It was found that both dimensions of depression decreased proportionally with the increase of SEI test score values: cognitive and emotional dimension of depression. CONCLUSION The results of this study show that it is necessary to provide early detection of emotional difficulties in order to prevent serious mental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Tripković
- Public Health Institute of Split and Dalmatia County, Split, Croatia
| | | | | | - Mirjana Nazor
- Faculty of Science, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Željka Karin
- Public Health Institute of Split and Dalmatia County, Split, Croatia
| | | |
Collapse
|
61
|
An Evaluation of Gender Differences in Self-Reported Internalizing Symptoms of Elementary-Age Children. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/073428299601400301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Gender differences in self-reported internalizing symptoms of children in grades 3-6 were investigated. Using the Internalizing Symptoms Scale for Children (ISSC), and normative data from a large, nationwide sample, self-reported internalizing symptom scores of boys (n = 876) were compared to those of girls (n = 840). Total internalizing scores of girls were significantly (p < .001) larger than those of boys, indicating a higher degree of self-reported internalizing symptoms. The average scores of the girls were approximately one third of a standard deviation higher than the average scores of the boys. Using a discriminant function analysis, the ISSC item scores were found to be reasonably effective in classifying subjects by gender. Seven critical self-report items that contributed the most to the separation of subjects by gender were identified. Implications of this study for psychoeducational assessment practice, early identification of internalizing problems, and subsequent intervention efforts are discussed.
Collapse
|
62
|
Meehan SA, Peirson A, Fridjhon P. Suicide Ideation in Adolescent South Africans: The Role of Gender and Coping Strategies. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/008124630703700311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
With an increasing number of studies showing a rise in adolescent suicidal behaviour and a wealth of literature concerning adolescent coping strategies, this study examined both these issues within a South African context. The interplay between social, political, and economic factors in South Africa, with its history of apartheid, must impact upon the lives of adolescents living in this country and play a role in stress, depression, and feelings of hopelessness, helplessness, and possible suicidal ideation. The objectives of the study were to determine the coping strategies exhibited by a South African sample of adolescents, the relationship between these coping strategies and suicidal ideation, and to investigate whether gender had any influence on this relationship. This study therefore aimed to get a better understanding of the relationship between the variables: suicidal ideation, coping strategy, and gender. Such research is important in learning to understand how adolescents cope, in order for caregivers and professionals in the field to be able to identify potential suicide ideators through their behaviours and coping strategies. A sample of 161 adolescents in grade eleven completed a demographic questionnaire, the Positive and Negative Suicidal Ideation Scale (PANSI), and The Coping Across Situations Questionnaire (CASQ). The findings indicated the majority of the sample (51 %) had a positive outlook on life, feeling optimistic about the future most or a good part of the time. Further results showed that males and females followed the same pattern of coping by scoring highest on the functional coping strategies and lowest on the dysfunctional one. There was a significant difference between males and females on each coping strategy, with females scoring higher than males in each case. Correlation studies indicated a positive significant relationship between active coping (functional coping strategy) and positive suicidal ideation scores (positive outlook on life) and between withdrawal (dysfunctional coping strategy) and negative suicidal ideation scores (negative outlook on life). Results for each gender differed, with the female sub-sample revealing significant correlations between functional coping strategies and positive suicidal ideation scores, while the only significant correlation found within the male sub-sample was between the dysfunctional coping strategy and negative suicidal ideation scores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sue-Ann Meehan
- School of Human and Community Development, Discipline of Psychology, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
| | - Almarie Peirson
- School of Human and Community Development, Discipline of Psychology, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
| | - Peter Fridjhon
- School of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Abstract
This study used longitudinal data from 517 adolescents to examine whether the associations of negative stressful events with symptoms of depression and conduct disorderwere modified by adolescents' reports of parental warmth and harsh discipline. The central questions were (a) Does a positive relationship with just one parent moderate the association of stress with symptoms? ("one good parent" hypothesis) and (b) Does a positive relationship with two parents afford more protection from stress? ("parental agreement" hypothesis). The results indicated that adolescents who reported relatively warm parenting by both mothers andfathers had a smallerassociation of stressful events with symptoms of depression as compared to other adolescents. Further; those adolescents who reported relatively harsherdiscipline by both parents had a higherassociation of stress with depressive symptoms as compared with other adolescents. Generally, there was some supportfor the parental-agreement hypothesis but notfor the one-good-parent hypothesis.
Collapse
|
64
|
McCreary ML, Slavin LA, Berry EJ. Predicting Problem Behavior and Self-Esteem among African American Adolescents. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0743554896112004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The current study investigated the utility of using stress, social support, and racial identity to predict problem behavior and self-esteem among African American adolescents. Hierarchical regression analyses were used to test the predictive ability of the Lazarus and Folkman model. Stressful life events and lack of perceived support from friends were predictive of problem behavior (e.g., drug and alcohol use, delinquent acts) in a sample of 221 African American 9th through 12th-grade adolescents. Strong support from friends attenuated the effects of stress. One racial-identity variable (attitudes toward African Americans) contributed to the prediction ofproblem behavior after other variables were entered into the regression equation. More positive attitudes predicted lower levels ofproblem behavior. Similar results were obtained in a regression analysis using self-esteem as the dependent variable. The current study concluded that stress models are useful with African Americans, particularly if a racial-identity variable is included.
Collapse
|
65
|
Hammack PL. Toward a Unified Theory of Depression among Urban African American Youth: Integrating Socioecologic, Cognitive, Family Stress, and Biopsychosocial Perspectives. JOURNAL OF BLACK PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0095798403029002004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
With the recent increase in empirical studies investigating depression among urban African American youth comes the need to refine and integrate theoretical perspectives that address culture-specific etiologic mechanisms and developmental trajectories. The purpose of this article is to review four theories of depression relevant to the study of African American adolescents and to offer suggestions for the integration of theories to enhance the culturally relevant design of empirical investigations. It is argued that all four theories—socioecologic, cognitive, family stress, and biopsychosocial—center on the role of oppression in the development of urban Black youth and that an integrated theory would assume this underlying construct as its core focus. A macrotheoretical model synthesizing the four theories is presented, with oppression identified as the key catalyst in the chain of factors that might ultimately lead to adolescent depression. Implications for further theory development and empirical research on adolescent depression are discussed.
Collapse
|
66
|
Obeidallah DA, Hauser ST, Jacobson AM. The Long Branch of Phase-Environment Fit. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0743558499141006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Based on the stage-environment fit perspective (Eccles & Midgley), we hypothesized that diabetic adolescents who experience a developmental match would be more likely to experience optimal psychosocial outcomes. Three questions were addressed: Are there links between developmental match and adolescents’psychosocial outcomes, and if so, do such links differ by diabetic status? What are the long-term implications for later psychosocial outcomes of developmental match, and do such links differ by diabetic status? Do adolescents differentially perceive community support as a function of their developmental match and diabetic status? We assessed diabetic and nondiabetic adolescent boys and girls from a larger longitudinal study of chronic illness. Family characteristics were observed in a revealed difference task. Results suggested that even after controlling for psychosocial factors during adolescence, the benefits of developmental match (and the costs of developmental mismatch) could be observed during young adulthood. In addition, preadolescents with diabetes perceived their community as more supportive than any other group of adolescents. Results are discussed within a developmental contextual perspective, with particular attention to the experiences of diabetic adolescents.
Collapse
|
67
|
Satyanarayana VA, Chandra PS, Sharma MK, Sowmya H, Kandavel T. Three sides of a triangle: gender disadvantage, resilience and psychological distress in a sample of adolescent girls from India. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/17542863.2016.1206949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
68
|
Goldfield GS, Murray M, Maras D, Wilson AL, Phillips P, Kenny GP, Hadjiyannakis S, Alberga A, Cameron JD, Tulluch H, Sigal RJ. Screen time is associated with depressive symptomatology among obese adolescents: a HEARTY study. Eur J Pediatr 2016; 175:909-19. [PMID: 27075014 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-016-2720-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Obese adolescents spend a disproportionate time in screen-based activities and are at higher risk for clinical depression compared to their normal-weight peers. While screen time is associated with obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors, little is known about the relationship between screen time and mental health. This cross-sectional study examines the association between duration and types of screen time and depressive symptomatology (subclinical symptoms) in a sample of 358 (261 female; 97 male) overweight and obese adolescents aged 14-18 years. Self-report measures assessed depressive symptoms and time spent in different types of screen behavior (TV, recreational computer use, and video games). After controlling for age, ethnicity, sex, parental education, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, caloric intake, carbohydrate intake, and intake of sugar-sweetened beverages, total screen time was significantly associated with more severe depressive symptomatology (β = 0.21, p = 0.001). After adjustment, time spent playing video games (β = 0.13, p = 0.05) and recreational computer time (β = 0.18, p = 0.006) was associated with depressive symptoms, but TV viewing was not. CONCLUSIONS Screen time may represent a risk factor or marker of depressive symptomatology in obese adolescents. Future intervention research should evaluate whether reducing screen exposure reduces depressive symptoms in obese youth, a population at increased risk for psychological disorders. WHAT IS KNOWN • Screen time is associated with an increased risk of obesity in youth. • Screen time is associated with an adverse cardio-metabolic profile in youth. What is New: • Screen time is associated with more severe depressive symptoms in overweight and obese adolescents. • Time spent in recreational computer use and playing video games, but not TV viewing, was associated with more severe depressive symptoms in overweight and obese adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary S Goldfield
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, Children's Hospital Of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada. .,School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada. .,School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada. .,Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Marisa Murray
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Danijela Maras
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | | | - Glen P Kenny
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Stasia Hadjiyannakis
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, Children's Hospital Of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada.,Centre for Healthy Active living (CHAL), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Angela Alberga
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jameason D Cameron
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, Children's Hospital Of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Heather Tulluch
- Prevention and Rehabilitation Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ronald J Sigal
- Department of Medicine, Cardiac Sciences and Community Health Sciences, Faculties of Medicine and Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Holsen I, Kraft P, Røysamb E. The Relationship between Body Image and Depressed Mood in Adolescence: A 5-year Longitudinal Panel Study. J Health Psychol 2016; 6:613-27. [DOI: 10.1177/135910530100600601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Much research interest has been devoted to reveal the psychosocial processes associated with the development of depressive symptoms during adolescence. One of the important factors that has been studied is body image. In a 5-year longitudinal investigation, we revealed and discussed the relationship between body image and depressed mood in a cohort of adolescents at ages 13, 15 and 18. Girls reported on average higher depressed mood levels and more negative body image than boys at all ages. However, the correlations between the variables were nearly as strong for boys as for girls. Structural equation modelling revealed that body image predicted change in depressed mood both for boys and girls, but at different ages. In contrast, we did not find any support for the existence of causal effects of depressed mood upon body image.
Collapse
|
70
|
Galambos NL, Leadbeater BJ, Barker ET. Gender differences in and risk factors for depression in adolescence: A 4-year longitudinal study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/01650250344000235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The current study used longitudinal data (N 1/4 1322; 648 males, 674 females) from adolescents ages 12 to 19 years (in 1994) to investigate gender differences in and risk factors for depressive symptoms and major depressive episodes (MDEs). The sample had participated in three waves of Canada’s National Population Health Survey (1994, 1996, and 1998). Results showed that although there was not a statistically significant increase in depressive symptoms in early adolescence, there was a robust gender difference in the levels of depressive symptoms and the prevalence of MDE, with girls more affected than boys. Over time, decreases in social support and increases in smoking were both linked to increases in depressive symptoms. Moreover, youth who smoked and who were free from major depression in 1994 were 1.4 times more likely to report a MDE in 1996 or 1998. To be effective, prevention and treatment programmes for depression may also need to address risks such as poor social support and smoking, as these risk factors may serve to maintain depressive symptoms over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erin T. Barker
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Lee M, Larson R. Effectiveness of Coping in Adolescence: The Case of Korean Examination Stress. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/016502549601900410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that coping is related to a reduction in psychological distress and physical symptoms, as experienced by adolescents while enduring highly demanding examination stress. Using the university entrance examination stress faced by Korean adolescents, the study examined whether specific coping strategies for exam stress are related to psychological and physical adjustment and whether these strategies moderate the relationship between additional life event stress and adjustment. A sample of 358 Korean students in the 12th grade reported their level of additional life event stress, the coping strategies they were using to cope with exam and non-exam stress, and their levels of depression and physical symptoms. Problem-solving and information-seeking coping were found to be related to reduction in depression; however, emotional-discharge coping was related to increase in physical symptoms. Coping with exam stress was found to be related to adjustment and independent of the level of additional life event stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Reed Larson
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Sandstrom MJ, Cillessen AH. Likeable versus popular: Distinct implications for adolescent adjustment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0165025406072789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, 466 children completed a peer nomination survey assessing both perceived and sociometric popularity at the end of the 5th grade. Measures of behavior problems were assessed through a composite of peer-, teacher- and self-reports at the end of the 8th grade. Examination of the unique concurrent associations of each popularity type with peer nominated social characteristics in 5th grade demonstrated that sociometric popularity was positively associated with prosocial behavior and inclusive behavior, while perceived popularity was positively associated with overt and relational aggression. In addition to emerging as distinct conceptual constructs, these two dimensions of popularity also demonstrated unique associations with adjustment over time. Sociometric popularity in the 5th grade was associated with lower levels of externalizing behavior problems 3 years later, while perceived popularity was associated with higher levels of these problems over time. Interestingly, high levels of perceived popularity in the 5th grade were associated with less internalizing symptoms over time for boys, while high levels of sociometric popularity were associated with less internalizing symptoms over time for girls.
Collapse
|
73
|
Kenny ME, Rice KG. Attachment to Parents and Adjustment in Late Adolescent College Students. COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGIST 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0011000095233003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The attachment model holds considerable promise for understanding the challenges and adjustment vicissitudes of late adolescent college students. The model is potentially valuable for counseling psychologists, further more, in linking knowledge of developmental theory with counseling intervention and prevention. Existing research supports an association between secure parental attachment and adjustment for first-year college students. A variety of methodological challenges, however, need to be addressed in order to fully assess the validity of attachment-based developmental and intervention models, especially for women and culturally and racially diverse college students.
Collapse
|
74
|
Davison KK, Susman EJ. Are hormone levels and cognitive ability related during early adolescence? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/016502501316934842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study assessed the longstanding question of whether there is a relationship between sex hormones and cognitive ability in young adolescent girls and boys. Three “theories” of the relationship between hormone levels and cognition were identi” ed from a broad literature base and were used to formulate hypotheses regarding the relationship between sex hormones and cognitive ability in early adolescents. Fifty-six boys, aged 10-14, and 52 girls, aged 9-14, completed two standardised spatial ability tests and one standardised test of verbal ability. Three blood samples, at 20-minute intervals, were obtained to determine levels of estradiol and testosterone. Data were collected on three occasions for all measures at 6-month intervals. A positive linear relationship between testosterone and spatial ability was identi” ed for boys at each time of measurement for both measures of spatial ability (i.e., mental rotation and block design). For girls, a positive linear relationship was identi” ed between testosterone and mental rotation only at time 3. In addition, longitudinal relationships were identi” ed between change in testosterone levels and change in spatial ability for both girls and boys. The conclusion was that testosterone is related to cognitive functioning during pubertal development for boys and to a lesser extent for girls.
Collapse
|
75
|
Reijntjes A, Stegge H, Terwogt MM, Hurkens E. Children's depressive symptoms and their regulation of negative affect in response to vignette depicted emotion-eliciting events. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0165025407073541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the relationship between sub-clinical depressive symptoms and children's anticipated cognitive and behavioral reactions to two written vignettes depicting emotion-eliciting stressors (i.e., fight with one's best friend and failure at a roller blade contest). Participants ( N = 244) ranging in age between 10 and 13 were presented each vignette and then asked to rate their anticipated utilization of each of seven emotion-regulation strategies (ERs), along with the anticipated mood enhancement effects of each strategy. In addition, ratings of participants' perceived coping efficacy to manage the stressful situation were collected. Results indicated that participants were more likely to endorse ERs for which they have greater confidence in their mood enhancement effects. Moreover, marked differences were observed between ratings for conceptually distinct cognitive ERs. Consistent with expectations, results revealed that participants displaying higher levels of depressive symptoms were more likely to endorse cognitive and behavioral ERs that are negative, passive, and/or avoidant in nature. Children's ratings of the anticipated mood enhancement effects of several ERs were inversely related to their level of depressive symptoms, as was their perceived self-efficacy to manage the stressor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hedy Stegge
- Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam & PI Research, Duivendrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
76
|
Stemmler M, Petersen AC. Reciprocity and Change within the Affective Family Environment in Early Adolescence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/016502599384062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
This study examined: (1) the extent and change of affective relationships between young adolescents and their parents over a two-year period; and (2) the amount of reciprocity or concordance of family feelings. Relationship patterns were examined longitudinally from the child’s sixth to eighth grade in school (Petersen, 1984). Mothers, fathers, and adolescents completed the Lowman Inventory of Family Feelings (LIFF; Lowman, 1974, 1980). The results are based on a longitudinal sample of 54 complete triads and between 128 and 284 dyads depending on measurement point and informant. Family feelings were positive overall, but declined by eighth grade. Here, no differences in results depending on the gender of the adolescent or the parent were detected. Nonreciprocity of family feelings was only present in sixth grade but not in eighth grade. At sixth grade, boys especially, shared less positive family feelings. Results indicate the importance of studying the quality and change of parent-offspring relationships across adolescence.
Collapse
|
77
|
Ding CS. Applications of multidimensional scaling profile analysis in developmental research: An example using adolescent irritability patterns. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/01650250444000496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many statistical models have been used to study human development. The multidimensional scaling (MDS) method has been an under-utilised technique in psychological and educational research for studying such phenomena. In this paper, MDS profile analysis was used to examine adolescent mood change patterns over a 1-week period. This method is used to empirically determine different change profiles among adolescents, and to describe how they differ with respect to these change patterns. In addition, the associations between the change profiles and a set of background variables can be studied. Data on irritability–cheerfulness swing among adolescents were analysed to demonstrate the procedures. The results were discussed in the context of adolescent development.
Collapse
|
78
|
The Stability of Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders: A 7 Year Follow Up of Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified. J Autism Dev Disord 2016; 45:3939-48. [PMID: 26456972 PMCID: PMC4653229 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-015-2592-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The current study was a 7-year follow-up of 74 6–12 year old children with Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified. We examined the rates and 7 year stability of comorbid psychiatric diagnoses as ascertained with the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children: Parent version at ages 6–12 and again at ages 12–20. Also, we examined childhood factors that predicted the stability of comorbid psychiatric disorders. The rate of comorbid psychiatric disorders dropped significantly from childhood (81 %) to adolescence (61 %). Higher levels of parent reported stereotyped behaviors and reduced social interest in childhood significantly predicted the stability of psychiatric comorbidity. Re-evaluation of psychiatric comorbidity should be considered in clinical practice, since several individuals shifted in comorbid diagnoses.
Collapse
|
79
|
Mcleod JD, Owens TJ. Psychological Well-Being in the Early Life Course: Variations by Socioeconomic Status, Gender, and Race/Ethnicity. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY QUARTERLY 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/019027250406700303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Our analysis focuses on the implications of social status characteristics for children's psychological well-being. Drawing on social evaluation theories and stress-based explanations, we hypothesized that disadvantage cumulates across statuses (the double jeopardy hypothesis) and over time as children move into the adolescent years. To test this hypothesis, we estimated the independent and interactive effects of socioeconomic status, gender, and race/ethnicity on the latent growth curves for four outcomes, from preadolescence to early adolescence, using data from the Children of the National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth data set. Our results were consistent with the double jeopardy hypothesis for the interaction of race/ethnicity and poverty, but not for the other interactions we estimated. In the case of gender and poverty, the strength of the evidence for the double jeopardy hypothesis varied by outcome: evidence was more consistent for scholastic competence and self-esteem than for depression and hyperactivity. In the case of gender and race/ethnicity, our results consistently refuted the double jeopardy hypothesis.
Collapse
|
80
|
Tolman DL, Porche MV. The Adolescent Femininity Ideology Scale: Development and Validation of a New Measure for Girls. PSYCHOLOGY OF WOMEN QUARTERLY 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-6402.2000.tb00219.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the development and validation of the Adolescent Femininity Ideology Scale (AFIS) through three studies with racially, ethnically, and socioeconomically diverse early, middle, and late adolescent girls. Distinguished from feminine personality trait and feminine gender role, the concept of femininity ideology represents the individual-level construct that links individual females to social constructions of femininity. The AFIS measures the extent to which adolescent girls have internalized or resisted two negative conventions of femininity in two psychological domains: experience of self in relationship with others and relationship with one's body. Grounded in girls' own words, the 20-item scale is comprised of two subscales reflecting these domains. The AFIS has acceptable internal consistency and temporal stability. We demonstrate construct and concurrent validity, as well as discriminant validity from the Bern Sex Role Inventory (Bern, 1981) and the Attitudes Towards Women Scale for Adolescents (Galambos, Petersen, Richards, & Gitelson, 1985). We discuss the promise and limits of this new measure of gender ideology for adolescent girls.
Collapse
|
81
|
Bellamy S, Hardy C. Factors predicting depression across multiple domains in a national longitudinal sample of Canadian youth. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 43:633-43. [PMID: 25240908 PMCID: PMC4397358 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-014-9940-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This prospective longitudinal study aimed to investigate the strength and relative importance of multiple predictors of depression in youth aged 16 to 20 years. Data were drawn from Statistics Canada's National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (Statistics Canada 2007a, b). Hierarchical regressions were conducted separately by child gender (N = 796 boys; N = 919 girls) for two overlapping samples: mixed parent-child dyads (e.g., biological mothers, fathers and other caregivers; N = 1,715) and a subsample containing only biological mother-child dyads (N = 1,425). Parent-reported data were used from Cycle 1 when the children were aged 4 to 8 years. Parent and child-reported data were used from Cycle 4 when children were aged 10 to 14 years. The outcome measure of depressive symptoms was taken from Cycle 7 when the youth were aged 16 to 20 years. Adolescents reported more depression symptoms than young adults and girls reported more than boys. For boys, higher anxiety/depression scores at ages 4 to 8 years and 10 to 14 years, along with lower self-esteem at 10 to 14 years, predicted higher depression scores. Girls' depression was predicted by loss of a parent by ages 4 to 8 years and higher self-reported anxiety/depression and aggression at ages 10 to 14 years. Among biological mother-child dyads, maternal depression reported by mother when child was aged 4 to 8 years and 10 to 14 years significantly predicted depression for girls. At 10 to 14 years, child-reported lower parental monitoring (girls only) and greater parental rejection (boys and girls) predicted depression at ages 16 to 20 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sherry Bellamy
- School of Health Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, BC, V2N 4Z9, Canada,
| | | |
Collapse
|
82
|
la Roi C, Kretschmer T, Dijkstra JK, Veenstra R, Oldehinkel AJ. Disparities in Depressive Symptoms Between Heterosexual and Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Youth in a Dutch Cohort: The TRAILS Study. J Youth Adolesc 2016; 45:440-56. [PMID: 26748920 PMCID: PMC4749655 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-015-0403-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) youth experience elevated levels of depressive symptoms compared to heterosexual youth. This study examined how differences in depressive symptoms between heterosexual and LGB youth developed from late childhood to early adulthood. The association between sexual orientation and depressive symptoms was estimated from age 11 to 22 using data from the TRacking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey, a longitudinal Dutch cohort study. Of the 1738 respondents (54.8 % girls) that provided information on sexual orientation, 151 self-identified as LGB. In line with the Minority Stress Framework, it was tested whether self-reported peer victimization and parental rejection mediated the association between sexual orientation and depressive symptoms. Results indicated that LB girls and bisexuals were at increased risk of depressive symptoms already at age 11. The difference increased over time and was related to pubertal development in girls and bisexual individuals. Furthermore, self-reported peer victimization (for both boys and girls), as well as parental rejection (for girls/bisexuals), mediated the association between sexual orientation and depressive symptoms. The authors conclude that already in late childhood, associations between sexual orientation and depressive symptoms are found, partly due to minority stress mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaïm la Roi
- Department of Sociology, Interuniversity Center for Social Science Theory and Methodology (ICS), University of Groningen, Grote Rozenstraat 31, 9712 TG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Tina Kretschmer
- Department of Pedagogy and Educational Science, University of Groningen, Grote Rozenstraat 38, 9712 TJ, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Kornelis Dijkstra
- Department of Sociology, Interuniversity Center for Social Science Theory and Methodology (ICS), University of Groningen, Grote Rozenstraat 31, 9712 TG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - René Veenstra
- Department of Sociology, Interuniversity Center for Social Science Theory and Methodology (ICS), University of Groningen, Grote Rozenstraat 31, 9712 TG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Albertine J Oldehinkel
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
The Effectiveness and Sustainability of a Universal School-Based Programme for Preventing Depression in Chinese Adolescents: A Follow-Up Study Using Quasi-Experimental Design. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149854. [PMID: 26921275 PMCID: PMC4769012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A pilot study about the effectiveness of a universal school-based programme, “The Little Prince is Depressed”, for preventing depression in Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong was conducted and reported previously. This study used a larger sample to examine the effectiveness and sustainability of the programme. Methods This study used quasi-experimental design. Twelve schools enrolled in “The Little Prince is Depressed” programme either as an intervention or a control condition. The intervention schools carried out the 12-session programme in two phases: the professional-led first phase and the teacher-led second phase. All participants were required to complete a questionnaire at three time points measuring their (1) depressive, anxiety, and stress levels; (2) knowledge of mental health; (3) attitudes towards mental illness; (4) perceived social support; and (5) help-seeking behaviours. Results A total of 3,391 students participated in the study. The level of depressive symptoms did not reduce significantly at post-intervention; however, a delayed effect was observed at follow-up assessment for the participants of the teacher-led group in reducing anxiety and stress levels. Also, the knowledge of mental health and attitudes towards mental illness of the intervention-group participants significantly improved at post-test, and the outcomes were maintained at 4 to 5 months after the intervention in both the professional-led and the teacher-led conditions (p<.05). A preference among schoolchildren for whom to seek help from was identified. Conclusions The universal depression prevention programme was effective in enhancing knowledge of mental health and promoting a more positive attitude towards mental illness among adolescents in Hong Kong. In particular, the teacher-led group showed better outcomes than the professional-led group in reducing students’ anxiety and stress at follow-up period. The programme can achieve sustainability in schools if teachers are provided with adequate support.
Collapse
|
84
|
Psychological distress leads to reduced physical activity and fitness in children: the Australian longitudinal LOOK study. J Behav Med 2016; 39:587-98. [PMID: 26894482 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-016-9723-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Stress and depression can affect an individual's level of physical activity and fitness, which may place them at risk of developing cardiovascular disease. This study investigates the longitudinal effects of stress and depression on physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness among youth. Six hundred and seventy-six children, initially aged 8 years, from the LOOK study completed a modified version of the Children's Depression Inventory, the Children's Stress Questionnaire, and objective physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness assessments on three occasions, every 4 years. Depressive symptoms had a direct effect (longitudinal) on the cardiorespiratory fitness of girls, with a similar trend for boys. In cross-sectional analyses, a child who identified with more symptoms of depression and stress was likely to be less fit and less physically active, which in girls extended to less moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Our findings, that both physical activity and fitness are impacted by depression and stress may contribute to strategies directed towards achieving enhanced physical activity and reductions in obesity.
Collapse
|
85
|
Savoye I, Moreau N, Brault MC, Levêque A, Godin I. Well-being, gender, and psychological health in school-aged children. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 73:52. [PMID: 26693278 PMCID: PMC4685636 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-015-0104-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Despite being a well-documented phenomenon, gender differences in psychological health complaints in adolescence are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to test factors related to well-being as explanatory factors of gender differences in psychological complaints (feeling low, irritability or bad temper, nervousness, and sleeping difficulties) in adolescence. Methods This study was based on the 9th Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study, conducted in 2010 in the Wallonia-Brussels Federation, Belgium, on 9–24 year olds. Using logistic regression analyses, we studied gender differences in psychological complaints through well-being factors (life satisfaction, self-confidence, helplessness, and body image), across age categories, and examined the variation of female excess after taking into account each factor. Results The four well-being factors together explained more than half of the female excess in feeling low. However, there were still significant gender differences in feeling low for children over 13. Among 13 to 15-year-olds, there were no gender differences in irritability after adjustment. An important decrease in gender differences in nervousness was observed in the multivariate analyses, although there was still significant female excess in nervousness increasing from 13 years old. After full adjustment, only gender differences in sleeping difficulties among 13–15-year-olds remained significant. For all psychological complaints studied, self-confidence caused the most important decrease in gender difference. Conclusions This study showed that factors related to well-being could mediate the association between gender and psychological complaints, and pointed to the importance of taking into account well-being factors in the analyses of the aetiology of gender differences in psychological complaints. However, our results suggested that future research should explore additional explanations for gender differences in psychological complaints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Savoye
- Service d'Information Promotion Education Santé (SIPES), School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium ; Research Centre in Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Clinical Research, School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Moreau
- Service d'Information Promotion Education Santé (SIPES), School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium ; Research Centre in Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Clinical Research, School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium
| | | | - Alain Levêque
- Research Centre in Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Clinical Research, School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Godin
- Service d'Information Promotion Education Santé (SIPES), School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium ; Research Centre in Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Clinical Research, School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Arnarson EÖ, Matos AP, Salvador C, Ribeiro C, de Sousa B, Edward Craighead W. Longitudinal Study of Life Events, Well-Being, Emotional Regulation and Depressive Symptomatology. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-015-9524-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
87
|
Frost A, Hoyt LT, Chung AL, Adam EK. Daily life with depressive symptoms: Gender differences in adolescents' everyday emotional experiences. J Adolesc 2015; 43:132-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
88
|
Sense of relatedness boosts engagement, achievement, and well-being: A latent growth model study. CONTEMPORARY EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cedpsych.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
89
|
Marcotte D, Lemieux A. [The trajectory of depressive symptoms from childhood to adolescence and targets for preventive intervention]. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2015; 19:785-96. [PMID: 24714893 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232014193.16072013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cette étude longitudinale s'intéresse à la trajectoire développementale des symptômes de dépression sur une période de cinq ans entre l'enfance et l'adolescence ainsi qu'à ses facteurs associés. À partir de l'analyse de courbes de croissance latente (Latent Growth Model-LGM), les résultats indiquent que les symptômes de dépression augmentent entre l'âge de 11-12 ans et 15-16 ans chez les filles, mais non chez les garçons. Cependant, pour chacun des sexes, la variance de la pente de la trajectoire reflète l'hétérogénéité des sous-groupes, révélant que les trajectoires varient chez les individus. Parmi les facteurs mesurés au temps 1 de l'étude, ceux qui sont le plus étroitement associés à la variation longitudinale des symptômes dépressifs sont le soutien des amis pour les deux genres et l'âge pour les filles. Plusieurs facteurs sont également associés à la présence de dépression au temps initial. Les cibles d'intervention pour une prévention universelle de la dépression chez les jeunes sont ensuite discutées et un programme visant le développement de facteurs de protection chez les adolescents est présenté
Collapse
|
90
|
Titzmann PF, Jugert P. Acculturation in Context: The Moderating Effects of Immigrant and Native Peer Orientations on the Acculturation Experiences of Immigrants. J Youth Adolesc 2015; 44:2079-94. [PMID: 26092230 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-015-0314-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Immigrant adolescents have to navigate through a complex social environment consisting of, at least, both a native and a co-ethnic community. This study used a multi-level framework to consider two research questions involving this complexity. The individual-level associations of acculturation orientations and acculturative hassles (language and sociocultural adaptation) was assessed in immigrant youths, and whether this association differs depending on the school-level acculturation orientations held by co-ethnic peers, and the school-level orientations toward immigrants held by native German peers. We then investigated whether acculturative hassles are associated with the psychosocial functioning (self-efficacy, depressive symptoms) of immigrant adolescents. The sample comprised 650 ethnic German Diaspora migrant adolescents (mean age 15.6 years, 53.7 % female) and their 787 native German peers (mean age 15.05 years, 51 % female). The results showed that contextual factors (co-ethnic acculturation orientation, native friendship preferences) moderated the association between the acculturation orientations of adolescent immigrants and both types of acculturative hassles. Acculturative hassles, in turn, were associated with the psychosocial functioning of adolescents. This research demonstrates that a person-by-context perspective is needed to better understand the adaptation of adolescent immigrants. This perspective has to take into account both the native and the co-ethnic peer environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter F Titzmann
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Andreassstr. 15, 8050, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Philipp Jugert
- Department of Psychology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Shin SH, Ko SJ, Yang YJ, Oh HS, Jang MY, Choi JM. [Comparison of boys' and girls' families for actor and partner effect of stress, depression and parent-adolescent communication on middle school students' suicidal ideation: triadic data analysis]. J Korean Acad Nurs 2015; 44:317-27. [PMID: 25060110 DOI: 10.4040/jkan.2014.44.3.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was done to compare families of boys or of girls for actor and partner effect of stress, depression and parent-adolescent communication as perceived by mother, father and adolescent on adolescents' suicidal ideation. METHODS Participants were 183 families (104 boys' families, 79 girls' families) who met eligibility criteria. All measures were self-administered. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 program. RESULTS In boys' families, boys' depression and communication with father showed actor effect on boys' suicidal ideation. Boys' stress showed indirect effect on boys' suicidal ideation through communication with father and boys' depression. Mothers' depression showed indirect partner effect on boys' suicidal ideation through boys' depression. In families of girls, girls' depression and stress showed actor effects on girls' suicidal ideation. Girls' communication with mother showed indirect effects through girls' depression. Also girls' stress showed indirect effect through girls' depression. Stress in mothers and/or fathers showed partner effect on girls' suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION To intervene in adolescents' suicidal ideation and promote adolescents' mental health, programs should be developed differently according to gender and based on parent's psychological states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hee Shin
- College of Nursing Science and East-West Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Suk Jeong Ko
- College of Nursing Science and East-West Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu Jeong Yang
- College of Nursing Science and East-West Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Su Oh
- College of Nursing Science and East-West Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Young Jang
- College of Nursing Science and East-West Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joong Myung Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Nowotny KM, Peterson RL, Boardman JD. Gendered contexts: variation in suicidal ideation by female and male youth across U.S. states. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2015; 56:114-30. [PMID: 25722128 PMCID: PMC6097623 DOI: 10.1177/0022146514568350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We use data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (13,186 respondents in 30 states) to develop a unique state-level measure of the gendered context in order to examine the influence of gender normative attitudes and behaviors on state rates of suicidal ideation and individual-level suicidal ideation for female and male youth (ages 13 to 22). The findings demonstrate the negative consequences for youth, especially females who report feminine-typical traits, who live in contexts defined by restrictive gender norms at both the ecological and individual levels. This study points to the importance of fatalistic suicide for female youth and suggests possible mechanisms to explain this association.
Collapse
|
93
|
Bireda AD, von Krosigk B. Perceived maternal and paternal psychological control by Ethiopian adolescents. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IN AFRICA 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/14330237.2015.1007590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
94
|
Goel N, Workman JL, Lee TT, Innala L, Viau V. Sex differences in the HPA axis. Compr Physiol 2015; 4:1121-55. [PMID: 24944032 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c130054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a major component of the systems that respond to stress, by coordinating the neuroendocrine and autonomic responses. Tightly controlled regulation of HPA responses is critical for maintaining mental and physical health, as hyper- and hypo-activity have been linked to disease states. A long history of research has revealed sex differences in numerous components of the HPA stress system and its responses, which may partially form the basis for sex disparities in disease development. Despite this, many studies use male subjects exclusively, while fewer reports involve females or provide direct sex comparisons. The purpose of this article is to present sex comparisons in the functional and molecular aspects of the HPA axis, through various phases of activity, including basal, acute stress, and chronic stress conditions. The HPA axis in females initiates more rapidly and produces a greater output of stress hormones. This review focuses on the interactions between the gonadal hormone system and the HPA axis as the key mediators of these sex differences, whereby androgens increase and estrogens decrease HPA activity in adulthood. In addition to the effects of gonadal hormones on the adult response, morphological impacts of hormone exposure during development are also involved in mediating sex differences. Additional systems impinging on the HPA axis that contribute to sex differences include the monoamine neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin. Diverse signals originating from the brain and periphery are integrated to determine the level of HPA axis activity, and these signals are, in many cases, sex-specific.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nirupa Goel
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
95
|
Health-related quality of life and social support in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2015; 17:E108. [PMID: 26054918 DOI: 10.1017/sjp.2014.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the correlations between health-related quality of life and social support in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Participants were 102 adolescents between 12 and 17 years old, who were patients of a healthcare program in the city of Porto Alegre, south of Brazil. Two questionnaires, the KIDSCREEN-52 and the Brazilian version of Social Support Appraisals, were used to evaluate health-related quality of life and social support. Results showed good quality of life and social support levels. Strong correlations were verified between social support and three of the KIDSCREEN-52 dimensions: psychological well-being (r = .63; p < .01); peers and social support (r = .67; p < .01) and school environment (r = .64; p < .01). Analysis of linear regression showed that gender, age and social support are variables associated with health-related quality of life, explaining 52.6% of variance. Results revealed the impact of the disease to young people, and can help to find strategies to improve care in these cases.
Collapse
|
96
|
Nguyen M, Stewart AM, Kalueff AV. Aquatic blues: modeling depression and antidepressant action in zebrafish. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 55:26-39. [PMID: 24657522 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a serious psychiatric condition affecting millions of patients worldwide. Unipolar depression is characterized by low mood, anhedonia, social withdrawal and other severely debilitating psychiatric symptoms. Bipolar disorder manifests in alternating depressed mood and 'hyperactive' manic/hypomanic states. Animal experimental models are an invaluable tool for research into the pathogenesis of bipolar/unipolar depression, and for the development of potential treatments. Due to their high throughput value, genetic tractability, low cost and quick reproductive cycle, zebrafish (Danio rerio) have emerged as a promising new model species for studying brain disorders. Here, we discuss the developing utility of zebrafish for studying depression disorders, and outline future areas of research in this field. We argue that zebrafish represent a useful model organism for studying depression and its behavioral, genetic and physiological mechanisms, as well as for anti-depressant drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, 415 Lane Road, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; ZENEREI Institute, 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA
| | - Adam Michael Stewart
- ZENEREI Institute, 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA; International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, A210 Langley Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- ZENEREI Institute, 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA; International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Mendle J, Leve LD, Van Ryzin M, Natsuaki MN. Linking Childhood Maltreatment with Girls' Internalizing Symptoms: Early Puberty as a Tipping Point. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2014; 24:689-702. [PMID: 25419091 PMCID: PMC4236856 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Early pubertal timing in girls is one of the most frequently replicated antecedents of adolescent emotional distress. Yet understanding the impact of pubertal timing in psychosocial development has presented something of a conundrum for developmentalists, as earlier physical maturation may often be preceded by a range of early adversities and life stressors. The present paper disentangles these associations by investigating childhood maltreatment, adolescent internalizing symptoms, and perceived pubertal timing in girls who were residing in foster care at study entry (N = 100, M = 11.54 years old at Time 1). Girls were assessed at two time points two years apart. There were no significant direct effects of maltreatment on internalizing symptoms; rather, childhood sexual abuse predicted earlier perceived pubertal development at study onset which, in turn, was associated with higher levels of internalizing symptomatology. These higher levels of internalizing symptoms persisted over the two years of the study. This distinctive role for early pubertal timing - even within a sample subject to stressors and risks which far exceed the developmental norm - confirms the unique salience of pubertal timing in emotional adjustment, and suggests that the heightened sexual circumstances of puberty may be especially disturbing for girls whose lives have already been traumatically disrupted by inappropriate and unwanted sexual experiences.
Collapse
|
98
|
Zacharopoulou V, Tsironi M, Zyga S, Gialama F, Zacharopoulou G, Grammatikopoulos I, Avraam N, Prezerakos P. Depressive Symptoms Among Adolescent Students in Greek High Schools. Health Psychol Res 2014; 2:1962. [PMID: 26973952 PMCID: PMC4768597 DOI: 10.4081/hpr.2014.1962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Depressive symptoms in adolescence have been a subject of considerable controversy in terms of their nature, severity and identification. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the presence of depressive symptoms in Greek adolescent high school students and to explore the relationship between depressive symptoms and sociodemographic characteristics. For that purpose, a cross-sectional study design was conducted in two public schools in Megalopolis, Greece, from April 2012 to July 2012, using a self-administered questionnaire based on DSM-IV. The target population involved 222 high school students and the response rate was 74.75%. Data was analyzed using trend χ(2) test, student's t-test and bivariate analysis. The analysis of survey data was conducted using the SPSS (19.0). Main findings demonstrate that 3.6% had symptoms of major depressive episode. Furthermore, depressive symptoms were significantly higher in girls, while statistically significant relationships were found between students' physical (P<0.01) and mental health (P<0.008), students' experiences in school (P<0.02), students' experiences with friends (P<0.008) and the frequency of depressive symptoms. Overall, the study results reveal that depressive symptoms can occur in adolescents. Early diagnosis, as well as the need for psychological care at adolescence is necessary for the prevention of major depressive disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Tsironi
- Department of Nursing, University of Peloponnese , Sparta, Greece
| | - Sofia Zyga
- Department of Nursing, University of Peloponnese , Sparta, Greece
| | - Fotini Gialama
- Department of Health Services Organisation and Management, National School of Public Health , Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Nikolaos Avraam
- Social Cooperative Athina-Elpis , 8th Athens Mental Health Sector, Athens, Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|
99
|
Anhedonia and depressed mood in adolescence: course, stability, and reciprocal relation in the TRAILS study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2014; 23:579-86. [PMID: 24154568 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-013-0481-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is marked by increases in the incidence of major depression (MDD), a disorder recognized as one of the leading causes of disability. Anhedonia and depressed mood predict both onset and chronicity of major depression (MDD), but have never been studied together longitudinally in the general adolescent population. The present study examined (1) the course and the stability of anhedonia and depressed mood and (2) their cross-sectional and longitudinal relations during adolescence. The study cohort consisted of 2,230 adolescents. Anhedonia and depressed mood were assessed with items of the YSR and ASR self-report forms at four measurement waves between ages 11 and 19. The proportion of adolescents reporting anhedonia decreased between ages 11 and 19, while the proportion of female adolescents reporting depressed mood increased. The stability of anhedonia and the cross-sectional association between anhedonia and depressed mood was larger at age 19 than at age 11. We found a mutual association between anhedonia and depressed mood without a clear temporal sequence. The presence of anhedonia at the end of adolescence might put adolescents at increased risk for MDD given the increasingly stronger stability and association with depressed mood. This suggests that it becomes more difficult to prevent MDD during late adolescence compared with early and middle adolescence.
Collapse
|
100
|
Haverinen K, Savolainen H, Holopainen L. Do reading disabilities explain the increase of depressive symptoms in late adolescence? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE AND YOUTH 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/02673843.2014.913255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
|