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Wang M, Chen S, Wei Y, Wei X. DNA-PK inhibition by M3814 enhances chemosensitivity in non-small cell lung cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3935-3949. [PMID: 35024317 PMCID: PMC8727896 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant proportion of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients experience accumulating chemotherapy-related adverse events, motivating the design of chemosensitizating strategies. The main cytotoxic damage induced by chemotherapeutic agents is DNA double-strand breaks (DSB). It is thus conceivable that DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) inhibitors which attenuate DNA repair would enhance the anti-tumor effect of chemotherapy. The present study aims to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel DNA-PK inhibitor M3814 in synergy with chemotherapies on NSCLC. We identified increased expression of DNA-PK in human NSCLC tissues which was associated with poor prognosis. M3814 potentiated the anti-tumor effect of paclitaxel and etoposide in A549, H460 and H1703 NSCLC cell lines. In the four combinations based on two NSCLC xenograft models and two chemotherapy, we also observed tumor regression at tolerated doses in vivo. Moreover, we identified a P53-dependent accelerated senescence response by M3814 following treatment with paclitaxel/etoposide. The present study provides a theoretical basis for the use of M3814 in combination with paclitaxel and etoposide in clinical practice, with hope to aid the optimization of NSCLC treatment.
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Key Words
- Cell senescence
- Chemosensitization
- DDR, DNA damage response
- DNA repair
- DNA-PK, DNA-dependent protein kinase
- DNA-PKcs, DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit
- DNA-dependent protein kinase
- DSB, DNA double-strand breaks
- Etoposide
- HR, homologous recombination
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- LADC, lung adenocarcinoma
- LCLC, large-cell carcinoma
- LSCC, lung squamous cell carcinoma
- M3814
- NHEJ, non homologous end joining
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- Non-small cell lung cancer
- Paclitaxel
- dsDNA, double strand DNA
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52
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Guo K, Li L. Prediction of Key Candidate Genes for Platinum Resistance in Ovarian Cancer. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:8237-8248. [PMID: 34815697 PMCID: PMC8605930 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s338044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Ovarian cancer is one of the common malignant tumors of female reproductive organs, which seriously threatens the life and health of women. Resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs for ovarian cancer is the root cause of recurrence in most patients. The purpose of this study is to determine the differentially expressed genes of platinum resistance in ovarian cancer, and to screen out molecular targets and diagnostic markers that could be used to treat ovarian cancer platinum resistance. Methods We downloaded 5 gene microarray datasets GSE58470, GSE45553, GSE41499, GSE33482, and GSE15372 from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, all of which are associated with ovarian cancer platinum resistance. Subsequently, the intersection of the statistically significant differentially expressed genes in 5 gene chips was taken, and relevant bioinformatics and clinical parameters were performed on the screened differential genes. qRT-PCR was utilized to examine the mRNA expression levels in ovarian cancer sensitive and cisplatin-resistant cells. Results Three differential genes, IFI27, JAG1, DNM3, may be closely related to platinum resistance of ovarian cancer, were screened by microarray datasets. According to the combined verification of bioinformatics, clinical case analyses and experiments, it was inferred that the increased expression of DNM3 was beneficial to patients with platinum resistance, but the high expression of IFI27 and JAG1 may lead to the risk of platinum resistance. Conclusion IFI27, JAG1 and DNM3 screened by relevant gene chips may serve as new biomarkers of platinum resistance in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaidi Guo
- Department of Gynecology and Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Gynecology and Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
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53
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Nunes M, Silva PMA, Coelho R, Pinto C, Resende A, Bousbaa H, Almeida GM, Ricardo S. Generation of Two Paclitaxel-Resistant High-Grade Serous Carcinoma Cell Lines With Increased Expression of P-Glycoprotein. Front Oncol 2021; 11:752127. [PMID: 34745981 PMCID: PMC8566917 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.752127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Debulking surgery followed by chemotherapy are the standard of care for high-grade serous carcinoma. After an initial good response to treatment, the majority of patients relapse with a chemoresistant profile, leading to a poor overall survival. Chemotherapy regimens used in high-grade serous carcinomas are based in a combination of classical chemotherapeutic drugs, namely, Carboplatin and Paclitaxel. The mechanisms underlying drug resistance and new drug discovery are crucial to improve patients’ survival. To uncover the molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance and test drugs capable of overcoming this resistant profile, it is fundamental to use good cellular models capable of mimicking the chemoresistant disease. Herein, we established two high-grade serous carcinoma cell lines with intrinsic resistance to Carboplatin and induced Paclitaxel resistance (OVCAR8 PTX R C and OVCAR8 PTX R P) derived from the OVCAR8 cell line. These two chemoresistant cell line variants acquired an enhanced resistance to Paclitaxel-induced cell death by increasing the drug efflux capacity, and this resistance was stable in long-term culture and following freeze/thaw cycles. The mechanism underlying Paclitaxel resistance resides in a significant increase in P-glycoprotein expression and, when this drug efflux pump was blocked with Verapamil, cells re-acquired Paclitaxel sensitivity. We generated two high-grade serous carcinoma cell lines, with a double-chemoresistant (Carboplatin and Paclitaxel) phenotype that mimics the majority of tumor recurrences in ovarian cancer context. This robust tool is suitable for preliminary drug testing towards the development of therapeutic strategies to overcome chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Nunes
- Differentiation and Cancer Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S) of the University of Porto/Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia M A Silva
- CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS), Gandra, Portugal.,TOXRUN, Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, Advanced Polytechnic and University Cooperative (CESPU), Gandra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Coelho
- Ovarian Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carla Pinto
- CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS), Gandra, Portugal.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Albina Resende
- CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS), Gandra, Portugal.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hassan Bousbaa
- CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS), Gandra, Portugal
| | - Gabriela M Almeida
- Expression Regulation in Cancer Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S) of the University of Porto/Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine from University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Ricardo
- Differentiation and Cancer Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S) of the University of Porto/Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal.,TOXRUN, Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, Advanced Polytechnic and University Cooperative (CESPU), Gandra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine from University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
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Primary high-grade serous ovarian cancer cells are sensitive to senescence induced by carboplatin and paclitaxel in vitro. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2021; 26:44. [PMID: 34674640 PMCID: PMC8532320 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-021-00287-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various types of normal and cancer cells undergo senescence in response to carboplatin and paclitaxel, which are considered the gold standard treatments in ovarian cancer management. Surprisingly, the effect of these drugs on ovarian cancer cell senescence remained unknown. METHODS The experiments were conducted on primary high-grade serous ovarian cancer cells. Molecular markers of senescence were evaluated using cytochemistry and immunofluorescence. Cell cycle distribution was analyzed using flow cytometry. Expression of cyclins and signaling pathways was tested using western blot. Telomere length and telomerase activity were measured using qPCR, and the colocalization of telomeres with DNA damage foci using immuno-FISH. Oxidative stress-related parameters were quantified using appropriate fluorescence probes. Production of cancerogenic agents was analyzed using qPCR and ELISA. RESULTS Carboplatin applied with paclitaxel induces senescence of ovarian cancer cells in vitro. This activity was reflected by permanent G2/M growth arrest, a high fraction of cells expressing senescence biomarkers (SA-β-Gal and γ-H2A.X), upregulated expression of p16, p21, and p53 cell cycle inhibitors, and decreased expression of cyclin B1. Neither telomere length nor telomerase activity changed in the senescent cells, and the majority of DNA damage was localized outside telomeres. Moreover, drug-treated cancer cells exhibited increased production of STAT3 protein, overproduced superoxide and peroxides, and increased mitochondrial mass. They were also characterized by upregulated ANG1, CCL11, IL-6, PDGF-D, TIMP-3, TSP-1, and TGF-β1 at the mRNA and/or protein level. CONCLUSIONS Our findings imply that conventional chemotherapy may elicit senescence in ovarian cancer cells, which may translate to the development of a cancer-promoting phenotype, despite the inability of these cells to divide.
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Della Sala F, Fabozzi A, di Gennaro M, Nuzzo S, Makvandi P, Solimando N, Pagliuca M, Borzacchiello A. Advances in Hyaluronic-Acid-Based (Nano)Devices for Cancer Therapy. Macromol Biosci 2021; 22:e2100304. [PMID: 34657388 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the main cause of fatality all over the world with a considerable growth rate. Many biologically active nanoplatforms are exploited for tumor treatment. Of nanodevices, hyaluronic acid (HA)-based systems have shown to be promising candidates for cancer therapy due to their high biocompatibility and cell internalization. Herein, surface functionalization of different nanoparticles (NPs), e.g., organic- and inorganic-based NPs, is highlighted. Subsequently, HA-based nanostructures and their applications in cancer therapy are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Della Sala
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, IPCB-CNR, Viale J.F. Kennedy 54, Naples, 80125, Italy
| | - Antonio Fabozzi
- Altergon Italia s.r.l, Zona Industriale ASI, Morra De Sanctis (AV), 83040, Italy
| | - Mario di Gennaro
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, IPCB-CNR, Viale J.F. Kennedy 54, Naples, 80125, Italy
| | - Stefano Nuzzo
- Altergon Italia s.r.l, Zona Industriale ASI, Morra De Sanctis (AV), 83040, Italy
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, IPCB-CNR, Viale J.F. Kennedy 54, Naples, 80125, Italy
| | - Nicola Solimando
- Altergon Italia s.r.l, Zona Industriale ASI, Morra De Sanctis (AV), 83040, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pagliuca
- Altergon Italia s.r.l, Zona Industriale ASI, Morra De Sanctis (AV), 83040, Italy
| | - Assunta Borzacchiello
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, IPCB-CNR, Viale J.F. Kennedy 54, Naples, 80125, Italy
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Onodera R, Sakai A, Tokuda A, Higashi T, Motoyama K. The effect of folate-appended methyl-β-cyclodextrin increases on survival rates in a peritoneal dissemination mouse models of human ovarian cancer. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-021-01109-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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57
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Nash A, Aghlara-Fotovat S, Hernandez A, Scull C, Veiseh O. Clinical translation of immunomodulatory therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113896. [PMID: 34324885 PMCID: PMC8567306 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunomodulatory therapeutics represent a unique class of drug products that have tremendous potential to rebalance malfunctioning immune systems and are quickly becoming one of the fastest-growing areas in the pharmaceutical industry. For these drugs to become mainstream medicines, they must provide greater therapeutic benefit than the currently used treatments without causing severe toxicities. Immunomodulators, cell-based therapies, antibodies, and viral therapies have all achieved varying amounts of success in the treatment of cancers and/or autoimmune diseases. However, many challenges related to precision dosing, off-target effects, and manufacturing hurdles will need to be addressed before we see widespread adoption of these therapies in the clinic. This review provides a perspective on the progress of immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive therapies to date and discusses the opportunities and challenges for clinical translation of the next generation of immunomodulatory therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Nash
- Rice University, Department of Bioengineering, Houston TX, United States
| | | | - Andrea Hernandez
- Rice University, Department of Bioengineering, Houston TX, United States
| | | | - Omid Veiseh
- Rice University, Department of Bioengineering, Houston TX, United States.
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58
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Therapeutic Potential of PARP Inhibitors in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Cancers. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9081024. [PMID: 34440228 PMCID: PMC8392860 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9081024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies are a major global health burden, with high mortality rates. The identification of novel therapeutic strategies is crucial to improve treatment and survival of patients. The poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) enzymes involved in the DNA damage response (DDR) play major roles in the development, progression and treatment response of cancer, with PARP inhibitors (PARPi) currently used in the clinic for breast, ovarian, fallopian, primary peritoneal, pancreatic and prostate cancers with deficiencies in homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair. This article examines the current evidence for the role of the DDR PARP enzymes (PARP1, 2, 3 and 4) in the development, progression and treatment response of GI cancers. Furthermore, we discuss the role of HR status as a predictive biomarker of PARPi efficacy in GI cancer patients and examine the pre-clinical and clinical evidence for PARPi and cytotoxic therapy combination strategies in GI cancer. We also include an analysis of the genomic and transcriptomic landscape of the DDR PARP genes and key HR genes (BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM, RAD51, MRE11, PALB2) in GI patient tumours (n = 1744) using publicly available datasets to identify patients that may benefit from PARPi therapeutic approaches.
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59
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Schmidt C, Babu T, Kostrhunova H, Timm A, Basu U, Ott I, Gandin V, Brabec V, Gibson D. Are Pt(IV) Prodrugs That Release Combretastatin A4 True Multi-action Prodrugs? J Med Chem 2021; 64:11364-11378. [PMID: 34342437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
"Multi-action" Pt(IV) derivatives of cisplatin with combretastatin A4 (CA4) bioactive ligands that are conjugated to Pt(IV) by carbonate are unique because the ligand (IC50 < 10 nM) is dramatically 1000-folds more cytotoxic than cisplatin in vitro. The Pt(IV)-CA4 prodrugs were as cytotoxic as CA4 itself, indicating that the platinum moiety probably plays an insignificant role in triggering cytotoxicity, suggesting that the Pt(IV)-CA4 complexes act as prodrugs for CA4 rather than as true multi-action prodrugs. In vivo tests (Lewis lung carcinoma) show that ctc-[Pt(NH3)2(PhB)(CA4)Cl2] inhibited tumor growth by 93% compared to CA4 (67%), cisplatin (84%), and 1:1:1 cisplatin/CA4/PhB (85%) while displaying <5% body weight loss compared to cisplatin (20%) or CA4 (10%). In this case, and perhaps with other extremely potent bioactive ligands, platinum(IV) acts merely as a self-immolative carrier triggered by reduction in the cancer cell with only a minor contribution to cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Schmidt
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tomer Babu
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hana Kostrhunova
- Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Annika Timm
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstrasse 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Uttara Basu
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstrasse 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstrasse 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Valentina Gandin
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Universita di Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Viktor Brabec
- Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dan Gibson
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
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60
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Sun B, Yeh J. Onco-fertility and personalized testing for potential for loss of ovarian reserve in patients undergoing chemotherapy: proposed next steps for development of genetic testing to predict changes in ovarian reserve. FERTILITY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2021; 7:13. [PMID: 34193292 PMCID: PMC8244159 DOI: 10.1186/s40738-021-00105-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Women of reproductive age undergoing chemotherapy face the risk of irreversible ovarian insufficiency. Current methods of ovarian reserve testing do not accurately predict future reproductive potential for patients undergoing chemotherapy. Genetic markers that more accurately predict the reproductive potential of each patient undergoing chemotherapy would be critical tools that would be useful for evidence-based fertility preservation counselling. To assess the possible approaches to take to develop personalized genetic testing for these patients, we review current literature regarding mechanisms of ovarian damage due to chemotherapy and genetic variants associated with both the damage mechanisms and primary ovarian insufficiency. The medical literature point to a number of genetic variants associated with mechanisms of ovarian damage and primary ovarian insufficiency. Those variants that appear at a higher frequency, with known pathways, may be considered as potential genetic markers for predictive ovarian reserve testing. We propose developing personalized testing of the potential for loss of ovarian function for patients with cancer, prior to chemotherapy treatment. There are advantages of using genetic markers complementary to the current ovarian reserve markers of AMH, antral follicle count and day 3 FSH as predictors of preservation of fertility after chemotherapy. Genetic markers will help identify upstream pathways leading to high risk of ovarian failure not detected by present clinical markers. Their predictive value is mechanism-based and will encourage research towards understanding the multiple pathways contributing to ovarian failure after chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Sun
- Sackler School of Medicine, New York State/American Program of Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - John Yeh
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, UMass Memorial Medical Center, 119 Belmont Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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Sazonova EV, Kopeina GS, Imyanitov EN, Zhivotovsky B. Platinum drugs and taxanes: can we overcome resistance? Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:155. [PMID: 34226520 PMCID: PMC8257727 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00554-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapy is aimed at the elimination of tumor cells and acts via the cessation of cell proliferation and induction of cell death. Many research publications discussing the mechanisms of anticancer drugs use the terms "cell death" and "apoptosis" interchangeably, given that apoptotic pathways are the most common components of the action of targeted and cytotoxic compounds. However, there is sound evidence suggesting that other mechanisms of drug-induced cell death, such as necroptosis, ferroptosis, autophagy, etc. may significantly contribute to the fate of cancer cells. Molecular cross-talks between apoptotic and nonapoptotic death pathways underlie the successes and the failures of therapeutic interventions. Here we discuss the nuances of the antitumor action of two groups of the widely used anticancer drugs, i.e., platinum salts and taxane derivatives. The available data suggest that intelligent interference with the choice of cell death pathways may open novel opportunities for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Sazonova
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Gelina S Kopeina
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Evgeny N Imyanitov
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg, 197758, Russia.
- Department of Medical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg, 194100, Russia.
- Department of Oncology, I.I. Mechnikov North-Western Medical University, St.-Petersburg, 195067, Russia.
| | - Boris Zhivotovsky
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
- Division of Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Box 210, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
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62
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Eckert MA, Orozco C, Xiao J, Javellana M, Lengyel E. The Effects of Chemotherapeutics on the Ovarian Cancer Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3136. [PMID: 34201616 PMCID: PMC8268261 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is characterized by a complex and dynamic tumor microenvironment (TME) composed of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), immune cells, endothelial cells, and adipocytes. Although most approved therapies target cancer cells, a growing body of evidence suggests that chemotherapeutic agents have an important role in regulating the biology of the diverse cells that compose the TME. Understanding how non-transformed cells respond and adapt to established therapeutics is necessary to completely comprehend their action and develop novel therapeutics that interrupt undesired tumor-stroma interactions. Here, we review the effects of chemotherapeutic agents on normal cellular components of the host-derived TME focusing on CAFs. We concentrate on therapies used in the treatment of HGSOC and synthesize findings from studies focusing on other cancer types and benign tissues. Agents such as platinum derivatives, taxanes, and PARP inhibitors broadly affect the TME and promote or inhibit the pro-tumorigenic roles of CAFs by modifying the bidirectional cross-talk between tumor and stromal cells in the tumor organ. While most chemotherapy research focuses on cancer cells, these studies emphasize the need to consider all cell types within the tumor organ when evaluating chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ernst Lengyel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (M.A.E.); (C.O.); (J.X.); (M.J.)
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63
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Zhu Y, Ferri-Borgogno S, Sheng J, Yeung TL, Burks JK, Cappello P, Jazaeri AA, Kim JH, Han GH, Birrer MJ, Mok SC, Wong STC. SIO: A Spatioimageomics Pipeline to Identify Prognostic Biomarkers Associated with the Ovarian Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1777. [PMID: 33917869 PMCID: PMC8068305 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Stromal and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) have been shown to directly affect high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) malignant phenotypes, however, how these cells interact to influence HGSC patients' survival remains largely unknown. To investigate the cell-cell communication in such a complex TME, we developed a SpatioImageOmics (SIO) pipeline that combines imaging mass cytometry (IMC), location-specific transcriptomics, and deep learning to identify the distribution of various stromal, tumor and immune cells as well as their spatial relationship in TME. The SIO pipeline automatically and accurately segments cells and extracts salient cellular features to identify biomarkers, and multiple nearest-neighbor interactions among tumor, immune, and stromal cells that coordinate to influence overall survival rates in HGSC patients. In addition, SIO integrates IMC data with microdissected tumor and stromal transcriptomes from the same patients to identify novel signaling networks, which would lead to the discovery of novel survival rate-modulating mechanisms in HGSC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- Center for Modeling Cancer Development, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (Y.Z.); (J.S.)
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Radiology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sammy Ferri-Borgogno
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.F.-B.); (T.-L.Y.); (A.A.J.)
| | - Jianting Sheng
- Center for Modeling Cancer Development, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (Y.Z.); (J.S.)
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Radiology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tsz-Lun Yeung
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.F.-B.); (T.-L.Y.); (A.A.J.)
| | - Jared K. Burks
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Paola Cappello
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Amir A. Jazaeri
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.F.-B.); (T.-L.Y.); (A.A.J.)
| | - Jae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.-H.K.); (G.H.H.)
| | - Gwan Hee Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.-H.K.); (G.H.H.)
| | - Michael J. Birrer
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Samuel C. Mok
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.F.-B.); (T.-L.Y.); (A.A.J.)
| | - Stephen T. C. Wong
- Center for Modeling Cancer Development, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (Y.Z.); (J.S.)
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Radiology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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64
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Anti-Angiogenic Therapy: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073765. [PMID: 33916438 PMCID: PMC8038573 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-angiogenic therapy is an old method to fight cancer that aims to abolish the nutrient and oxygen supply to the tumor cells through the decrease of the vascular network and the avoidance of new blood vessels formation. Most of the anti-angiogenic agents approved for cancer treatment rely on targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) actions, as VEGF signaling is considered the main angiogenesis promotor. In addition to the control of angiogenesis, these drugs can potentiate immune therapy as VEGF also exhibits immunosuppressive functions. Despite the mechanistic rational that strongly supports the benefit of drugs to stop cancer progression, they revealed to be insufficient in most cases. We hypothesize that the rehabilitation of old drugs that interfere with mechanisms of angiogenesis related to tumor microenvironment might represent a promising strategy. In this review, we deepened research on the molecular mechanisms underlying anti-angiogenic strategies and their failure and went further into the alternative mechanisms that impact angiogenesis. We concluded that the combinatory targeting of alternative effectors of angiogenic pathways might be a putative solution for anti-angiogenic therapies.
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The Affinity of Carboplatin to B-Vitamins and Nucleobases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073634. [PMID: 33807309 PMCID: PMC8037198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum compounds have found wide application in the treatment of various types of cancer and carboplatin is one of the main platinum-based drugs used as antitumor agents. The anticancer activity of carboplatin arises from interacting with DNA and inducing programmed cell death. However, such interactions may occur with other chemical compounds, such as vitamins containing aromatic rings with lone-pair orbitals, which reduces the anti-cancer effect of carboplatin. The most important aspect of the conducted research was related to the evaluation of carboplatin affinity to vitamins from the B group and the potential impact of such interactions on the reduction of therapeutic capabilities of carboplatin in anticancer therapy. Realized computations, including estimation of Gibbs Free Energies, allowed for the identification of the most reactive molecule, namely vitamin B6 (pyridoxal phosphate). In this case, the computational estimations indicating carboplatin reactivity were confirmed by spectrophotometric measurements.
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66
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Tam C, Rao S, Waye MMY, Ng TB, Wang CC. Autophagy signals orchestrate chemoresistance of gynecological cancers. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1875:188525. [PMID: 33600824 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gynecological cancers are characterized by a high mortality rate when chemoresistance develops. Autophagy collaborates with apoptosis and participates in homeostasis of chemoresistance. Recent findings supported that crosstalk of necrotic, apoptotic and autophagic factors, and chemotherapy-driven hypoxia, oxidative stress and ER stress play critical roles in chemoresistance in gynecological cancers. Meanwhile, current studies have shown that autophagy could be regulated by and cooperate with metabolic regulator, survival factors, stemness factors and specific post-translation modification in chemoresistant tumor cells. Meanwhile, non-coding RNA and autophagy crosstalk also contribute to the chemoresistance. Until now, analysis of individual autophagy factors towards the clinical significance and chemoresistance in gynecological cancer is still lacking. We suggest comprehensive integrated analysis of cellular homeostasis and tumor microenvironment to clarify the role of autophagy and the associated factors in cancer progression and chemoresistance. Panel screening of pan-autophagic factors will pioneer the development of risk models for predicting efficacy of chemotherapy and guidelines for systematic treatment and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chit Tam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Shitao Rao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Mary Miu Yee Waye
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Chiu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Reproduction and Development Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Sandhiutami NMD, Arozal W, Louisa M, Rahmat D, Wuyung PE. Curcumin Nanoparticle Enhances the Anticancer Effect of Cisplatin by Inhibiting PI3K/AKT and JAK/STAT3 Pathway in Rat Ovarian Carcinoma Induced by DMBA. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:603235. [PMID: 33536913 PMCID: PMC7848208 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.603235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin has been used for decades for the treatment of ovarian cancer. However, despite its potent anticancer effect, cisplatin's efficacy as a single agent was inadequate in patients with advanced stage. Curcumin has been shown to sensitize cisplatin activity in several cancer models. However, the low bioavailability of curcumin has limited its anticancer potential. Hence, nano-formulation of curcumin was developed to increase its therapeutic efficacy in ovarian cancer. The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism of curcumin nanoparticles given in combination with cisplatin in rat ovarian carcinoma induced by dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). The administration of cisplatin and nanocurcumin resulted in a significant reduction in ovarian tumor volume and weight. Furthermore, there were reduction in expressions of Ki67, TGF-β, PI3K, and Akt phosphorylation. Co-treatment of cisplatin and nanocurcumin also reduced JAK expression, STAT3 phosphorylation, and reduced IL-6 concentrations. Altogether, nanocurcumin, given as a co-treatment with cisplatin has therapeutic potential in ovarian cancer models by inhibiting proliferation through downregulation of PI3K/Akt and JAK/STAT3 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Made Dwi Sandhiutami
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pancasila, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Wawaimuli Arozal
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Melva Louisa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Deni Rahmat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pancasila, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Puspita Eka Wuyung
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Animal Research Facility, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Jakarta, Indonesia
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A Compressive Review about Taxol ®: History and Future Challenges. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245986. [PMID: 33348838 PMCID: PMC7767101 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Taxol®, which is also known as paclitaxel, is a chemotherapeutic agent widely used to treat different cancers. Since the discovery of its antitumoral activity, Taxol® has been used to treat over one million patients, making it one of the most widely employed antitumoral drugs. Taxol® was the first microtubule targeting agent described in the literature, with its main mechanism of action consisting of the disruption of microtubule dynamics, thus inducing mitotic arrest and cell death. However, secondary mechanisms for achieving apoptosis have also been demonstrated. Despite its wide use, Taxol® has certain disadvantages. The main challenges facing Taxol® are the need to find an environmentally sustainable production method based on the use of microorganisms, increase its bioavailability without exerting adverse effects on the health of patients and minimize the resistance presented by a high percentage of cells treated with paclitaxel. This review details, in a succinct manner, the main aspects of this important drug, from its discovery to the present day. We highlight the main challenges that must be faced in the coming years, in order to increase the effectiveness of Taxol® as an anticancer agent.
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Książek K. Where does cellular senescence belong in the pathophysiology of ovarian cancer? Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 81:14-23. [PMID: 33290845 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancies, there are still some issues that hamper accurate interpretation of the complexity of cellular and molecular events underlying the pathophysiology of this disease. One of these is cellular senescence, which is the process whereby cells irreversibly lose their ability to divide and develop a phenotype that fuels a variety of age-related diseases, including cancer. In this review, various aspects of cellular senescence associated with intraperitoneal ovarian cancer metastasis are presented and discussed, including mechanisms of senescence in normal peritoneal mesothelial cells; the role of senescent mesothelium in ovarian cancer progression; the effect of drugs commonly used as first-line therapy in ovarian cancer patients on senescence of normal cells; mechanisms of spontaneous senescence in ovarian cancer cells; and, last but not least, other pharmacologic strategies to induce senescence in ovarian malignancies. Collectively, this study shows that cellular senescence is involved in several aspects of ovarian cancer pathobiology. Proper understanding of this phenomenon, particularly its clinical relevance, seems to be critical for oncology patients from both therapeutic and prognostic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Książek
- Department of Pathophysiology of Ageing and Civilization Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Długa 1/2 Str., 61-848, Poznań, Poland.
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REV1 inhibitor JH-RE-06 enhances tumor cell response to chemotherapy by triggering senescence hallmarks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:28918-28921. [PMID: 33168727 PMCID: PMC7682577 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2016064117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
REV1/POLζ-dependent mutagenic translesion synthesis (TLS) promotes cell survival after DNA damage but is responsible for most of the resulting mutations. A novel inhibitor of this pathway, JH-RE-06, promotes cisplatin efficacy in cancer cells and mouse xenograft models, but the mechanism underlying this combinatorial effect is not known. We report that, unexpectedly, in two different mouse xenograft models and four human and mouse cell lines we examined in vitro cisplatin/JH-RE-06 treatment does not increase apoptosis. Rather, it increases hallmarks of senescence such as senescence-associated β-galactosidase, increased p21 expression, micronuclei formation, reduced Lamin B1, and increased expression of the immune regulators IL6 and IL8 followed by cell death. Moreover, although p-γ-H2AX foci formation was elevated and ATR expression was low in single agent cisplatin-treated cells, the opposite was true in cells treated with cisplatin/JH-RE-06. These observations suggest that targeting REV1 with JH-RE-06 profoundly affects the nature of the persistent genomic damage after cisplatin treatment and also the resulting physiological responses. These data highlight the potential of REV1/POLζ inhibitors to alter the biological response to DNA-damaging chemotherapy and enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy.
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71
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Meng X, Ye L, Yang Z, Xiang R, Wang J. Adsorption behavior of melphalan anti-ovarian cancer drug onto boron nitride nanostructures. Studying MTT assay: in vitro cellular toxicity and viability. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01405-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Kirtonia A, Sethi G, Garg M. The multifaceted role of reactive oxygen species in tumorigenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:4459-4483. [PMID: 32358622 PMCID: PMC11105050 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03536-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Redox homeostasis is an essential requirement of the biological systems for performing various normal cellular functions including cellular growth, differentiation, senescence, survival and aging in humans. The changes in the basal levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are detrimental to cells and often lead to several disease conditions including cardiovascular, neurological, diabetes and cancer. During the last two decades, substantial research has been done which clearly suggests that ROS are essential for the initiation, progression, angiogenesis as well as metastasis of cancer in several ways. During the last two decades, the potential of dysregulated ROS to enhance tumor formation through the activation of various oncogenic signaling pathways, DNA mutations, immune escape, tumor microenvironment, metastasis, angiogenesis and extension of telomere has been discovered. At present, surgery followed by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy is the major therapeutic modality for treating patients with either early or advanced stages of cancer. However, the majority of patients relapse or did not respond to initial treatment. One of the reasons for recurrence/relapse is the altered levels of ROS in tumor cells as well as in cancer-initiating stem cells. One of the critical issues is targeting the intracellular/extracellular ROS for significant antitumor response and relapse-free survival. Indeed, a large number of FDA-approved anticancer drugs are efficient to eliminate cancer cells and drug resistance by increasing ROS production. Thus, the modulation of oxidative stress response might represent a potential approach to eradicate cancer in combination with FDA-approved chemotherapies, radiotherapies as well as immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Kirtonia
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Campus, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
| | - Manoj Garg
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Campus, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India.
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Lins TLBG, Gouveia BB, Barberino RS, Silva RLS, Monte APO, Pinto JGC, Campinho DSP, Palheta RC, Matos MHT. Rutin prevents cisplatin-induced ovarian damage via antioxidant activity and regulation of PTEN and FOXO3a phosphorylation in mouse model. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 98:209-217. [PMID: 33031932 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to evaluate the protective effects of rutin during cisplatin-induced ovarian toxicity in mice and to verify the possible involvement of the phosphatase and tension homolog (PTEN)/Forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a) pathway in the rutin actions. Mice received saline solution (control, 0.15 M, i.p.) or cisplatin (5 mg/Kg body weight, i.p.) or they were pretreated with N-acetylcysteine (positive control; 150 mg/Kg of body weight [p.o.]) or with rutin (10, 30 or 50 mg/Kg body weight, p.o.) before cisplatin (5 mg/Kg body weight, i.p.) once daily for 3 days. Next, the ovaries were harvested and destined to histological (follicular morphology and activation), immunohistochemical (cell proliferation and apoptosis) and fluorescence (reactive oxygen species [ROS], glutathione [GSH] and mitochondrial activity) analyses. Moreover, the expression of phosphorylated PTEN (p-PTEN) and FOXO3a (p-FOXO3a) were evaluated to investigate a molecular mechanism by which rutin would prevent the cisplatin-induced ovarian damage. The results showed that pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine or 10 mg/Kg rutin before cisplatin preserved the percentage of normal follicles and cell proliferation, reduced apoptosis and ROS levels and increased active mitochondria and GSH levels compared to the cisplatin treatment (P < 0.05). Cisplatin treatment increased p-PTEN and decreased p-FOXO3a expression in follicles, which was prevented by 10 mg/kg rutin. In conclusion, treatment with 10 mg/Kg rutin has the potential to protect the ovarian follicles against cisplatin-induced toxicity through its antioxidant effects and PTEN/FOXO3a pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thae Lanne B G Lins
- Nucleus of Biotechnology Applied to Ovarian Follicle Development, Federal University of São Francisco Valley, 56300-990, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Bruna B Gouveia
- Nucleus of Biotechnology Applied to Ovarian Follicle Development, Federal University of São Francisco Valley, 56300-990, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Ricássio S Barberino
- Nucleus of Biotechnology Applied to Ovarian Follicle Development, Federal University of São Francisco Valley, 56300-990, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Regina L S Silva
- Nucleus of Biotechnology Applied to Ovarian Follicle Development, Federal University of São Francisco Valley, 56300-990, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Alane P O Monte
- Nucleus of Biotechnology Applied to Ovarian Follicle Development, Federal University of São Francisco Valley, 56300-990, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Joisyleide G C Pinto
- Nucleus of Biotechnology Applied to Ovarian Follicle Development, Federal University of São Francisco Valley, 56300-990, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Daniela S P Campinho
- Nucleus of Biotechnology Applied to Ovarian Follicle Development, Federal University of São Francisco Valley, 56300-990, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Raimundo C Palheta
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of São Francisco Valley, 56300-990, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Maria H T Matos
- Nucleus of Biotechnology Applied to Ovarian Follicle Development, Federal University of São Francisco Valley, 56300-990, Petrolina, PE, Brazil.
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Moik F, van Es N, Posch F, Di Nisio M, Fuereder T, Preusser M, Pabinger I, Ay C. Gemcitabine and Platinum-Based Agents for the Prediction of Cancer-Associated Venous Thromboembolism: Results from the Vienna Cancer and Thrombosis Study. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092493. [PMID: 32899157 PMCID: PMC7564761 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Certain chemotherapy agents (gemcitabine, platinum-based agents) have been suggested to increase the risk of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients. Our aim was to evaluate, whether treatment with these agents can be used to better predict the risk of cancer-associated venous thromboembolism. Within a prospective observational cohort study, including 1409 patients, we found that treatment with gemcitabine and/or platinum-based agents is only of limited value in predicting the risk of venous thromboembolism beyond known risk factors included in an established risk prediction model (tumor type, blood levels of D-dimer). These findings suggest that a large part of the observed rate of venous thromboembolism in patients treated with these agents might be related to the underlying thrombotic risk rather than the agent itself. Abstract Gemcitabine and platinum-based agents could increase the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with cancer. We evaluated the additive predictive utility of these agents towards cancer-associated VTE beyond a recently developed and externally validated clinical prediction model, which was based on tumor entity and continuous D-dimer levels. Analysis was performed in the derivation cohort of this model, obtained from the Vienna Cancer and Thrombosis Study (CATS), a prospective observational cohort study (n = 1409). Patients were followed for the occurrence of VTE for a maximum of two years. Competing-risk analysis was performed to obtain cumulative incidences and to conduct between-group comparisons of VTE risk. Cumulative two-year incidences of VTE were not elevated with gemcitabine treatment (10.2% vs. 7.5%, p = 0.148), whereas they were higher for platinum-based therapy (11.6% vs. 5.9%, p < 0.001). In a multivariable analysis, adjusting for tumor site category and D-dimer, gemcitabine was not associated with increased risk of VTE (subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR) 0.82, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53–1.28, p = 0.390), whereas platinum-based therapy predicted for a numerically increased VTE risk (SHR 1.44, 95% CI 0.96–2.17, p = 0.080). Similar results were obtained in a sensitivity analysis (updated cohort, n = 1870). Our findings suggest limited additional value of chemotherapy for the prediction of cancer-associated VTE, beyond a validated clinical prediction model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Moik
- Clinical Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (F.M.); (I.P.)
| | - Nick van Es
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Academic Medical Center, 1105 Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Florian Posch
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center Graz, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Marcello Di Nisio
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, University G. D’Annunzio, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Thorsten Fuereder
- Clinical Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (T.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Matthias Preusser
- Clinical Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (T.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Ingrid Pabinger
- Clinical Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (F.M.); (I.P.)
| | - Cihan Ay
- Clinical Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (F.M.); (I.P.)
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119146 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-40400-44100
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75
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Murray D, Mirzayans R. Cellular Responses to Platinum-Based Anticancer Drugs and UVC: Role of p53 and Implications for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165766. [PMID: 32796711 PMCID: PMC7461110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is intended to induce cancer cell death through apoptosis and other avenues. Unfortunately, as discussed in this article, moderate doses of genotoxic drugs such as cisplatin typical of those achieved in the clinic often invoke a cytostatic/dormancy rather than cytotoxic/apoptosis response in solid tumour-derived cell lines. This is commonly manifested by an extended apoptotic threshold, with extensive apoptosis only being seen after very high/supralethal doses of such agents. The dormancy response can be associated with senescence-like features, polyploidy and/or multinucleation, depending in part on the p53 status of the cells. In most solid tumour-derived cells, dormancy represents a long-term survival mechanism, ultimately contributing to disease recurrence. This review highlights the nonlinearity of key aspects of the molecular and cellular responses to bulky DNA lesions in human cells treated with chemotherapeutic drugs (e.g., cisplatin) or ultraviolet light-C (a widely used tool for unraveling details of the DNA damage-response) as a function of the level of genotoxic stress. Such data highlight the growing realization that targeting dormant cancer cells, which frequently emerge following conventional anticancer treatments, may represent a novel strategy to prevent or, at least, significantly suppress cancer recurrence.
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Xing L, Mi W, Zhang Y, Tian S, Zhang Y, Qi R, Lou G, Zhang C. The identification of six risk genes for ovarian cancer platinum response based on global network algorithm and verification analysis. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:9839-9852. [PMID: 32762026 PMCID: PMC7520306 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynaecological cancer, and resistance of platinum‐based chemotherapy is the main reason for treatment failure. The aim of the present study was to identify candidate genes involved in ovarian cancer platinum response by analysing genes from homologous recombination and Fanconi anaemia pathways. Associations between these two functional genes were explored in the study, and we performed a random walk algorithm based on reconstructed gene‐gene network, including protein‐protein interaction and co‐expression relations. Following the random walk, all genes were ranked and GSEA analysis showed that the biological functions focused primarily on autophagy, histone modification and gluconeogenesis. Based on three types of seed nodes, the top two genes were utilized as examples. We selected a total of six candidate genes (FANCA, FANCG, POLD1, KDM1A, BLM and BRCA1) for subsequent verification. The validation results of the six candidate genes have significance in three independent ovarian cancer data sets with platinum‐resistant and platinum‐sensitive information. To explore the correlation between biomarkers and clinical prognostic factors, we performed differential analysis and multivariate clinical subgroup analysis for six candidate genes at both mRNA and protein levels. And each of the six candidate genes and their neighbouring genes with a mutation rate greater than 10% were also analysed by network construction and functional enrichment analysis. In the meanwhile, the survival analysis for platinum‐treated patients was performed in the current study. Finally, the RT‐qPCR assay was used to determine the performance of candidate genes in ovarian cancer platinum response. Taken together, this research demonstrated that comprehensive bioinformatics methods could help to understand the molecular mechanism of platinum response and provide new strategies for overcoming platinum resistance in ovarian cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linan Xing
- Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Wanqi Mi
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yongjian Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Songyu Tian
- Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yunyang Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Qi
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ge Lou
- Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Chunlong Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Horowitz M, Esakov E, Rose P, Reizes O. Signaling within the epithelial ovarian cancer tumor microenvironment: the challenge of tumor heterogeneity. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:905. [PMID: 32793749 DOI: 10.21037/atm-2019-cm-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a leading cause of cancer death in women. Standard of care treatment has remained platinum-containing cytotoxic chemotherapy for over three decades. Among the central challenges in treating ovarian CA are disease recurrence and the development of chemoresistance. Survival is uniformly poor for patients with chemoresistant recurrent disease and effective therapeutic options are limited. As such, delineating the mechanisms of chemoresistance and developing targeted therapies to prevent chemoresistance from occurring are of vital importance to improving survival for patients with EOC. Attempts to characterize mechanisms of chemoresistance have implicated numerous cellular pathways, but a rift remains between pre-clinical findings and translation to improving patient survival. More recently, the interplay among different cell types within the tumor microenvironment has become central to understanding how chemoresistance may develop and may be sustained. An improved understanding of how tumor cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic pathways converge during the development of chemoresistance may improve the likelihood of successful clinical translation. This review focuses on the roles of the EOC tumor microenvironment and tumor cell heterogeneity in the development of chemoresistance. We review recent studies into mechanisms of chemoresistance as they relate to tumor microenvironment and development of novel therapeutic approaches that exploit these mechanisms to prevent or reverse chemoresistance. This review attempts to cast these latest discoveries in a clinical context by summarizing trends in ongoing clinical trials for patients with EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Horowitz
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Emily Esakov
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Peter Rose
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ofer Reizes
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Cao Y, Wang J, Tian H, Fu GH. Mitochondrial ROS accumulation inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 pathway is a critical modulator of CYT997-induced autophagy and apoptosis in gastric cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:119. [PMID: 32576206 PMCID: PMC7310559 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01621-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is a common form of malignant cancer in worldwide which has a poor prognosis. Despite recent improvements in the treatment of GC, the prognosis is not yet satisfactory for GC patients. CYT997, a novel microtubule-targeting agent, recently has been identified to be a promising anticancer candidate for the treatment of cancers; however, the effects of CYT997 in GC remain largely unknown. Methods Cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by CCK8 assay and flow cytometry. The mitochondrial ROS were detected by confocal microscope and flow cytometry. Gastric cancer patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model was used to evaluate its antitumor activity of CYT997 in vivo. Results CYT997 inhibited gastric cancer cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis and triggered autophagy. CYT997 induced apoptosis through triggering intracellular mitochondrial ROS generation in GC cells. ROS scavengers N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and Mitoquinone (MitoQ) distinctly weakened CYT997-induced cell cycle G2/M arrest and apoptosis in GC cells. Pretreatment with autophagy inhibitor 3-MA promoted the effect of CYT997 on cells apoptosis. Mechanistically, CYT997 performed its function through regulation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway in GC cells. In addition, CYT997 inhibited growth of gastric cancer patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumors. Conclusions CYT997 induces autophagy and apoptosis in gastric cancer by triggering mitochondrial ROS accumulation to silence JAK2/STAT3 pathway. CYT997 might be a potential antitumor drug candidate to treat GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Cao
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 280, South Chong-Qing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 25/Ln 2200, Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jinglong Wang
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 280, South Chong-Qing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hua Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 25/Ln 2200, Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Guo-Hui Fu
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 280, South Chong-Qing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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79
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Chen L, Ma WL, Cheng WC, Yang JC, Wang HC, Su YT, Ahmad A, Hung YC, Chang WC. Targeting lipid droplet lysophosphatidylcholine for cisplatin chemotherapy. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:7187-7200. [PMID: 32543783 PMCID: PMC7339169 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to explore lipidic mechanism towards low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)‐mediated platinum chemotherapy resistance. By using the lipid profiling technology, LDLR knockdown was found to increase lysosomal lipids and decrease membranous lipid levels in EOC cells. LDLR knockdown also down‐regulated ether‐linked phosphatidylethanolamine (PE‐O, lysosomes or peroxisomes) and up‐regulated lysophosphatidylcholine [LPC, lipid droplet (LD)]. This implies that the manner of using Lands cycle (conversion of lysophospholipids) for LDs might affect cisplatin sensitivity. The bioinformatics analyses illustrated that LDLR‐related lipid entry into LD, rather than an endogenous lipid resource (eg Kennedy pathway), controls the EOC prognosis of platinum chemotherapy patients. Moreover, LDLR knockdown increased the number of platinum‐DNA adducts and reduced the LD platinum amount. By using a manufactured LPC‐liposome‐cisplatin (LLC) drug, the number of platinum‐DNA adducts increased significantly in LLC‐treated insensitive cells. Moreover, the cisplatin content in LDs increased upon LLC treatment. Furthermore, lipid profiles of 22 carcinoma cells with differential cisplatin sensitivity (9 sensitive vs 13 insensitive) were acquired. These profiles revealed low storage lipid levels in insensitive cells. This result recommends that LD lipidome might be a common pathway in multiple cancers for platinum sensitivity in EOC. Finally, LLC suppressed both cisplatin‐insensitive human carcinoma cell training and testing sets. Thus, LDLR‐platinum insensitivity can be due to a defective Lands cycle that hinders LPC production in LDs. Using lipidome assessment with the newly formulated LLC can be a promising cancer chemotherapy method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumin Chen
- Department of OBS & GYN, BenQ Medical Center, Suzhou, China.,Department of OBS & GYN, Sex Hormone Research Center, Research Center for Tumor Medicine, Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lung Ma
- Department of OBS & GYN, Sex Hormone Research Center, Research Center for Tumor Medicine, Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate Institution of Cancer Biology, Graduate Institute of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chung Cheng
- Department of OBS & GYN, Sex Hormone Research Center, Research Center for Tumor Medicine, Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate Institution of Cancer Biology, Graduate Institute of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Juan-Cheng Yang
- Department of OBS & GYN, Sex Hormone Research Center, Research Center for Tumor Medicine, Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate Institution of Cancer Biology, Graduate Institute of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ching Wang
- Department of OBS & GYN, Sex Hormone Research Center, Research Center for Tumor Medicine, Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Su
- Department of OBS & GYN, Sex Hormone Research Center, Research Center for Tumor Medicine, Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate Institution of Cancer Biology, Graduate Institute of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Azaj Ahmad
- Department of OBS & GYN, Sex Hormone Research Center, Research Center for Tumor Medicine, Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate Institution of Cancer Biology, Graduate Institute of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Ching Hung
- Department of OBS & GYN, Sex Hormone Research Center, Research Center for Tumor Medicine, Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate Institution of Cancer Biology, Graduate Institute of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Chang
- Department of OBS & GYN, Sex Hormone Research Center, Research Center for Tumor Medicine, Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate Institution of Cancer Biology, Graduate Institute of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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80
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Wang B, Kohli J, Demaria M. Senescent Cells in Cancer Therapy: Friends or Foes? Trends Cancer 2020; 6:838-857. [PMID: 32482536 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Several cancer interventions induce DNA damage and promote senescence in cancer and nonmalignant cells. Senescent cells secrete a collection of proinflammatory factors collectively termed the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). SASP factors are able to potentiate various aspects of tumorigenesis, including proliferation, metastasis, and immunosuppression. Moreover, the accumulation and persistence of therapy-induced senescent cells can promote tissue dysfunction and the early onset of various age-related symptoms in treated cancer patients. Here, we review in detail the mechanisms by which cellular senescence contributes to cancer development and the side effects of cancer therapies. We also review how pharmacological interventions to eliminate senescent cells or inhibit SASP production can mitigate these negative effects and propose therapeutic strategies based on the age of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boshi Wang
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaskaren Kohli
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Demaria
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
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81
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Kim CH, Kang TH, Kim BD, Lee TH, Yoon HY, Goo YT, Choi YS, Kang MJ, Choi YW. Enhanced docetaxel delivery using sterically stabilized RIPL peptide-conjugated nanostructured lipid carriers: In vitro and in vivo antitumor efficacy against SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells. Int J Pharm 2020; 583:119393. [PMID: 32376445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Docetaxel (DTX) has poor solubility, low specificity, and severe side effects. For efficient targeting of DTX to hepsin-overexpressing SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells, PEGylated and RIPL peptide (IPLVVPLRRRRRRRRC)-conjugated nanostructured lipid carriers (PEG-RIPL-NLCs) were examined for in vitro and in vivo antitumor efficacy. DTX-loaded plain NLCs (DTX-pNLCs), RIPL-NLCs (DTX-RIPL-NLCs), and PEG-RIPL-NLCs (DTX-PEG-RIPL-NLCs) were prepared using a solvent emulsification-evaporation technique. DTX was successfully loaded with high encapsulation efficiency (>93%), and all NLCs showed homogeneous dispersion with zeta potentials varying from -17 to 15 mV. Drug release was biphasic: initial rapid release, then gradual release. In vitro cytotoxicity was time- and dose-dependent: DTX-RIPL-NLCs and DTX-PEG-RIPL-NLCs exhibited greater cytotoxicity, enhanced cell apoptosis owing to the cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, and increased activation of the mitochondria-related intrinsic apoptosis pathway compared to DTX-pNLCs. Pharmacokinetic experiments in male Sprague-Dawley rats revealed that DTX-PEG-RIPL-NLCs increased the mean residence time of DTX but reduced total body clearance and volume of distribution. In a SKOV3-bearing xenograft Balb/c athymic mouse model, DTX-PEG-RIPL-NLCs suppressed tumors, evidenced by tumor volume change and histopathological examination. Thus, we conclude that PEG-RIPL-NLCs have an advantage of high payload of poorly water-soluble drugs and are a good candidate for drug targeting to SKOV3-derived ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae Hoon Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byoung Deok Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae Hwa Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ho Yub Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoon Tae Goo
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Seok Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myung Joo Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Wook Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
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Regulation of MYB mediated cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer cells involves miR-21-wnt signaling axis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6893. [PMID: 32327705 PMCID: PMC7181810 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63396-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
c-MYB has been reported to be elevated in few cancers, including in ovarian cancer. It influences resistance to cisplatin but the details are not very well understood. The objective of this study was to further evaluate role of c-MYB in ovarian cancer’s cisplatin resistance. To elucidate the underlying mechanism of cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer, we focused on the epigenetic regulation by miRNAs. Two cell lines, ES2 and OVCAR3, were used as the model systems. C-MYB expression was either up-regulated or silenced and the resulting effect on cisplatin resistance evaluated, along with the mechanistic role of miR-21, through transfections with pre/anti-miRNAs. An in vivo cisplatin resistance model was also employed to verify findings. High c-MYB correlated with increased miR-21. High c-MYB also resulted in induction of EMT and increased resistance against cisplatin which was attenuated by anti-miR-200s. c-MYB decreased β-catenin phosphorylation and thus activated wnt signaling. Silencing of c-MYB resulted in reduced miR-21 levels, reduced EMT, reduced cisplatin IC-50s and increased β-catenin phosphorylation. In an in vivo mice model of cisplatin resistance, c-MYB overexpressing ES2 xenografts were more aggressive than their control counterparts. These c-MYB overexpressing ES xenografts were significantly more resistant to cisplatin but could be sensitized to cisplatin by anti-miR-21. Our results provide a novel mechanism of cisplatin resistance by c-MYB which involves an essential role of miR-21.
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83
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells As Guideposts for Nanoparticle-Mediated Targeted Drug Delivery in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040965. [PMID: 32295145 PMCID: PMC7226169 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocarriers have been extensively utilized for the systemic targeting of various solid tumors and their metastases. However, current drug delivery systems, in general, suffer from a lack of selectivity for tumor cells. Here, we develop a novel two-step targeting strategy that relies on the selective accumulation of targetable synthetic receptors (i.e., azide moieties) in tumor tissues, followed by delivery of drug-loaded nanoparticles having a high binding affinity for these receptors. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were used as vehicles for the tumor-specific accumulation of azide moieties, while dibenzyl cyclooctyne (DBCO) was used as the targeting ligand. Biodistribution and antitumor efficacy studies were performed in both orthotopic metastatic and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumor models of ovarian cancer. Our studies show that nanoparticles are retained in tumors at a significantly higher concentration in mice that received azide-labeled MSCs (MSC-Az). Furthermore, we observed significantly reduced tumor growth (p < 0.05) and improved survival in mice receiving MSC-Az along with paclitaxel-loaded DBCO-functionalized nanoparticles compared to controls. These studies demonstrate the feasibility of a two-step targeting strategy for efficient delivery of concentrated chemotherapy for treating solid tumors.
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84
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Cancer epithelia-derived mitochondrial DNA is a targetable initiator of a paracrine signaling loop that confers taxane resistance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:8515-8523. [PMID: 32238563 PMCID: PMC7165425 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1910952117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The work provides a conceptual advance in functionally defining the cross talk of tumor epithelia with cancer-associated fibroblastic cells contributing to tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. Independent of protein-based signaling molecules, prostate cancer cells secreted mitochondrial DNA to induce associated fibroblasts to generate anaphylatoxin C3a to support tumor progression in a positive feedback loop. Interestingly, the standard of care chemotherapy, docetaxel, used to treat castrate-resistant prostate cancer was found to further potentiate this paracrine-signaling axis to mediate therapeutic resistance. Blocking anaphylatoxin C3a signaling cooperatively sensitized prostate cancer tumors to docetaxel. We reveal that docetaxel resistance is not a cancer cell-autonomous phenomena and that targeting an immune modulator derived from cancer-associated fibroblasts can limit the expansion of docetaxel-resistant tumors. Stromal-epithelial interactions dictate cancer progression and therapeutic response. Prostate cancer (PCa) cells were identified to secrete greater concentration of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) compared to noncancer epithelia. Based on the recognized coevolution of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) with tumor progression, we tested the role of cancer-derived mtDNA in a mechanism of paracrine signaling. We found that prostatic CAF expressed DEC205, which was not expressed by normal tissue-associated fibroblasts. DEC205 is a transmembrane protein that bound mtDNA and contributed to pattern recognition by Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). Complement C3 was the dominant gene targeted by TLR9-induced NF-κB signaling in CAF. The subsequent maturation complement C3 maturation to anaphylatoxin C3a was dependent on PCa epithelial inhibition of catalase in CAF. In a syngeneic tissue recombination model of PCa and associated fibroblast, the antagonism of the C3a receptor and the fibroblastic knockout of TLR9 similarly resulted in immune suppression with a significant reduction in tumor progression, compared to saline-treated tumors associated with wild-type prostatic fibroblasts. Interestingly, docetaxel, a common therapy for advanced PCa, further promoted mtDNA secretion in cultured epithelia, mice, and PCa patients. The antiapoptotic signaling downstream of anaphylatoxin C3a signaling in tumor cells contributed to docetaxel resistance. The inhibition of C3a receptor sensitized PCa epithelia to docetaxel in a synergistic manner. Tumor models of human PCa epithelia with CAF expanded similarly in mice in the presence or absence of docetaxel. The combination therapy of docetaxel and C3 receptor antagonist disrupted the mtDNA/C3a paracrine loop and restored docetaxel sensitivity.
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85
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Kozak J, Jonak K, Maciejewski R. The function of miR-200 family in oxidative stress response evoked in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:110037. [PMID: 32187964 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of the discovery of microRNAs (miRs), these molecules have attracted highly progressive attention due to their powerful regulatory roles in a broad spectrum of biological processes, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and carcinogenesis. With regard to carcinogenesis, the miRs regulatory potency has been associated with cancer onset, progression, metastasis, diagnosis and therapeutic response. In this review we discuss the impact of miR-200 family on drug resistance development during anti-cancer therapy. Developing resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs as well as radiotherapy are major clinical obstacles in the successful therapeutic strategies to cancer treatment. Acquired cancer chemoresistance is a multifactorial phenomenon involving such factors as tumor type, tumor stage, cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level or ROS-responsive miRs profile. ROS level could influence the miRs expression level, which changes the cellular profile of the content of miRs. Such significant changes in the cellular miRs profile generate subsequent biological effects through the regulation of their target genes. This review outlines the interactions between ROS and miR-200 family in different kinds of cancers in response to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kozak
- Department of Normal Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Jonak
- Interfaculty Centre for Didactics, Department of Foreign Languages, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ryszard Maciejewski
- Department of Normal Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
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86
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Guo J, Pan H. Long Noncoding RNA LINC01125 Enhances Cisplatin Sensitivity of Ovarian Cancer via miR-1972. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:9844-9854. [PMID: 31865363 PMCID: PMC6938651 DOI: 10.12659/msm.916820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most frequent aggressive cancer among women worldwide, and chemoresistance is the major challenge in the clinical treatment of OC. Recently, there is evidence that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are closely related to the regulation of cisplatin (CDDP) resistance in OC cells. However, whether LINC01125, a novel lncRNA, can improve the sensitivity of OC to cisplatin remains unknown. Material/Methods In this study, we analyzed aberrantly expressed lncRNAs in miR-200a-overexpressing OC samples by using GSE122123. LINC01125 and miR-1972 expressions were measured by qRT-PCR. The effect of LINC01125 overexpression on cell proliferation was determined by CCK-8 and colony formation assays. The sensitivity of OC cells to cisplatin was determined by CCK-8 assays. The interaction between LINC01125 and miR-1972 was verified through dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays, and bioinformatics analysis was performed to predict the target genes of miR-1972. Results Our results indicated that LINC01125 expression was significantly downregulated in CDDP-resistant OC tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of LINC01125 inhibited OC cell proliferation and enhanced the cytotoxicity of CDDP in OC cells. Additionally, LINC01125 participated in the apoptosis pathway by directly binding to miR-1972 in OC cells. Conclusions Therefore, we suggest that LINC01125 might act as a tumor suppressor in OC and enhances the cisplatin sensitivity of OC cells by binding to miR-1972.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Guo
- Department of Obstetrics, Lanzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China (mainland)
| | - Hua Pan
- Department of Obstetrics, Lanzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China (mainland)
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87
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Ataseven B, Frindte J, Harter P, Gebers G, Vogt C, Traut A, Breit E, Bluni V, Reinisch M, Heitz F, Kostara A, Kuemmel S, Prader S, Bommert M, Schneider S, du Bois A. Perception of side effects associated with anticancer treatment in women with breast or ovarian cancer (KEM-GO-1): a prospective trial. Support Care Cancer 2019; 28:3605-3615. [PMID: 31828488 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-019-05216-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Due to advances in anticancer treatment and supportive care, patients increasingly complained about nonphysical side effects of chemotherapy and targeted therapy in recent years. Therefore, continuous assessment of side effects and patients' perceptions is important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the identification and severity of side effects perceived by ovarian cancer (OC) and breast cancer (BC) patients undergoing contemporary anticancer therapy. METHODS Between 2015 and 2017, consecutive chemo-naïve OC and BC patients were enrolled in this prospective cohort study. Interviews were performed 12 ± 3 weeks after start of anticancer therapy, and patients were asked to select and rank, according to severity, 72 physical or nonphysical symptoms potentially related to their treatment. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics. RESULTS Forty-five OC patients and 98 BC patients completed the interview. Sleeping difficulties were ranked as the most troublesome symptom, followed by concerns about family or partner, and loss of hair. Alopecia was the most predominant side effect for BC patients, whereas OC patients were highly afflicted by numbness in limbs. Chemotherapy alone or in combination with targeted therapy caused pronounced sleep disturbances. Prolonged taxane treatment led to shortness of breath and numbness in limbs. Vomiting was ranked by one and nausea by eight women among the five most bothersome symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Sleep disturbances have lately emerged as the most severe problem in women with OC or BC receiving anticancer therapy. Concerns about family and partner were ranked second in the current study and first in previous investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beyhan Ataseven
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Evang. Huyssens-Stiftung Essen-Huttrop, Henricistrasse 92, 45136, Essen, Germany. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany.
| | - Johanna Frindte
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Evang. Huyssens-Stiftung Essen-Huttrop, Henricistrasse 92, 45136, Essen, Germany
| | - Philipp Harter
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Evang. Huyssens-Stiftung Essen-Huttrop, Henricistrasse 92, 45136, Essen, Germany
| | - Gudrun Gebers
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Evang. Huyssens-Stiftung Essen-Huttrop, Henricistrasse 92, 45136, Essen, Germany
| | - Caroline Vogt
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Evang. Huyssens-Stiftung Essen-Huttrop, Henricistrasse 92, 45136, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander Traut
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Evang. Huyssens-Stiftung Essen-Huttrop, Henricistrasse 92, 45136, Essen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Breit
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Evang. Huyssens-Stiftung Essen-Huttrop, Henricistrasse 92, 45136, Essen, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Breast Unit, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - Vincenzo Bluni
- Interdisciplinary Breast Unit, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - Mattea Reinisch
- Interdisciplinary Breast Unit, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - Florian Heitz
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Evang. Huyssens-Stiftung Essen-Huttrop, Henricistrasse 92, 45136, Essen, Germany.,Department of Gynecology, Campus Virchow Clinic, Charité Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Athina Kostara
- Interdisciplinary Breast Unit, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - Sherko Kuemmel
- Interdisciplinary Breast Unit, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - Sonia Prader
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Evang. Huyssens-Stiftung Essen-Huttrop, Henricistrasse 92, 45136, Essen, Germany
| | - Mareike Bommert
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Evang. Huyssens-Stiftung Essen-Huttrop, Henricistrasse 92, 45136, Essen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Schneider
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Evang. Huyssens-Stiftung Essen-Huttrop, Henricistrasse 92, 45136, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas du Bois
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Evang. Huyssens-Stiftung Essen-Huttrop, Henricistrasse 92, 45136, Essen, Germany
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Luan J, Gao X, Hu F, Zhang Y, Gou X. SLFN11 is a general target for enhancing the sensitivity of cancer to chemotherapy (DNA-damaging agents). J Drug Target 2019; 28:33-40. [PMID: 31092045 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2019.1616746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In patients with cancer, drug tolerance often occurs during the use of chemotherapy drugs, seriously affecting patient prognosis and survival. Therefore, scientists began to study the factors that affect chemotherapy drug sensitivity, and the high correlation between Schlafen-11 (SLFN11) and sensitivity to chemical drugs (mainly DNA-damaging agents, DDAs) has received increasing attention since it was discovered through bioinformatics analyses. Regarding the mechanism, SLFN11 may sensitise cells to chemotherapy drugs by preventing DNA damage repair. In recent years, SLFN11 has gradually become a hot research topic, and the results are enriching our understanding of this molecule. Indeed, the biological functions of SLFN11 under normal physiological conditions and in cancer, changes in its expression levels and mechanisms promoting apoptosis within the context of chemotherapeutic interventions have gradually been uncovered. Studies to date provide knowledge and the experimental and theoretical bases underlying SLFN11 and its effects on sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs. This review summarises the existing research on SLFN11 with the aim of achieving a more comprehensive understanding and furthering the development of strategies to target SLFN11 in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Luan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xingchun Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengrui Hu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xingchun Gou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Development of Personalized Therapeutic Strategies by Targeting Actionable Vulnerabilities in Metastatic and Chemotherapy-Resistant Breast Cancer PDXs. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060605. [PMID: 31216647 PMCID: PMC6627522 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human breast cancer is characterized by a high degree of inter-patients heterogeneity in terms of histology, genomic alterations, gene expression patterns, and metastatic behavior, which deeply influences individual prognosis and treatment response. The main cause of mortality in breast cancer is the therapy-resistant metastatic disease, which sets the priority for novel treatment strategies for these patients. In the present study, we demonstrate that Patient Derived Xenografts (PDXs) that were obtained from metastatic and therapy-resistant breast cancer samples recapitulate the wide spectrum of the disease in terms of histologic subtypes and mutational profiles, as evaluated by whole exome sequencing. We have integrated genomic and transcriptomic data to identify oncogenic and actionable pathways in each PDX. By taking advantage of primary short-term in vitro cultures from PDX tumors, we showed their resistance to standard chemotherapy (Paclitaxel), as seen in the patients. Moreover, we selected targeting drugs and analyzed PDX sensitivity to single agents or to combination of targeted and standard therapy on the basis of PDX-specific genomic or transcriptomic alterations. Our data demonstrate that PDXs represent a suitable model to test new targeting drugs or drug combinations and to prioritize personalized therapeutic regimens for pre-clinal and clinical tests.
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90
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Cinici E, Dilekmen N, Kutlu Z, Dincer B, Cinici O, Balta H, Calık I. Carvone protects against paclitaxel-induced retinal and optic nerve cytotoxicity: a histopathological study. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2019; 38:290-293. [PMID: 31010341 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2019.1608229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Carvone (CVN) is a natural monoterpene found in essential oils of many aromatic plant species. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of CVN against paclitaxel (PTX)-induced retinal and optic nerve cytotoxicity in rats. Methods: Twenty-four male adult Wistar albino rats (250-400 g) were randomized into four equal groups comprising six animals in each. Group 1 (control group) received intraperitoneal (i.p.) saline solution (0.5 mL/200 g) weekly for 4 weeks. Group 2 received i.p. CVN [(S)-(+)- CVN, (5S)-5-Isopropenyl-2-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one, C10H14, 25 mg/kg], while Group 3 received i.p. PTX (5 mg/kg) weekly for 4 weeks. Group 4 received i.p. CVN (25 mg/kg) 30 min after i.p. PTX (5 mg/kg) weekly for 4 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, retinal and optic nerve tissues were evaluated histopathologically. Results: All retinal specimens in control and CVN groups were histopathologically normal. In PTX group all eyes (6/6) demonstrated increased retinal vascularity and rosette-like structures in the outer nuclear layer, while in PTX-CVN group all eyes (6/6) demonstrated normal retinal vascularity and absence of rosette-like structures. All optic nerve specimens in control and CVN groups were histopathologically normal. In PTX group all eyes (6/6) demonstrated severe vacuolization and decrease in the number of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, while 3 eyes (3/6) demonstrated marked single cell necrosis. In PTX-CVN group, 4 eyes (4/6) demonstrated moderate vacuolization while, 2 eyes (2/6) had none. Compared with PTX group, 1 eye (1/6) in PTX-CVN group demonstrated a decrease in numbers of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes while 5 eyes (5/6) were normal. No remarkable single cell necrosis was observed in PTX-CVN group. Conclusions: Our histopathological findings demonstrated the potential protective role of CVN against PTX-induced retinal and optic nerve cytotoxicity. CVN might be a promising molecule in counteracting oxidative stress-based cytotoxicity in the field of retinal and optic nerve disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Cinici
- a Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Nilay Dilekmen
- b Department of Ophthalmology, Palandoken State Hospital , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Zerrin Kutlu
- c Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Busra Dincer
- d Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Ozkan Cinici
- e Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Training and Research Hospital , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Hilal Balta
- f Department of Pathology, Regional Training and Research Hospital , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Ilknur Calık
- f Department of Pathology, Regional Training and Research Hospital , Erzurum , Turkey
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