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1-Kestose supplementation mitigates the progressive deterioration of glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes OLETF rats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15674. [PMID: 32973311 PMCID: PMC7515885 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72773-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The fructooligosaccharide 1-kestose cannot be hydrolyzed by gastrointestinal enzymes, and is instead fermented by the gut microbiota. Previous studies suggest that 1-kestose promotes increases in butyrate concentrations in vitro and in the ceca of rats. Low levels of butyrate-producing microbiota are frequently observed in the gut of patients and experimental animals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, little is known about the role of 1-kestose in increasing the butyrate-producing microbiota and improving the metabolic conditions in type 2 diabetic animals. Here, we demonstrate that supplementation with 1-kestose suppressed the development of diabetes in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, possibly through improved glucose tolerance. We showed that the cecal contents of rats fed 1-kestose were high in butyrate and harbored a higher proportion of the butyrate-producing genus Anaerostipes compared to rats fed a control diet. These findings illustrate how 1-kestose modifications to the gut microbiota impact glucose metabolism of T2D, and provide a potential preventative strategy to control glucose metabolism associated with dysregulated insulin secretion.
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52
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Feng W, Liu J, Ao H, Yue S, Peng C. Targeting gut microbiota for precision medicine: Focusing on the efficacy and toxicity of drugs. Theranostics 2020; 10:11278-11301. [PMID: 33042283 PMCID: PMC7532689 DOI: 10.7150/thno.47289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intra- and interindividual variation in drug responses is one major reason for the failure of drug therapy, drug toxicity, and even the death of patients. Precision medicine, or personalized medicine, is a field of medicine that customizes an individual's medical diagnosis and treatment based on his/her genes, microbiomes, environments, etc. Over the past decade, a large number of studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota can modify the efficacy and toxicity of drugs, and the extent of the modification varies greatly from person to person because of the variability of the gut microbiota. Personalized manipulation of gut microbiota is an important approach to rectify the abnormal drug response. In this review, we aim to improve drug efficacy and reduce drug toxicity by combining precision medicine and gut microbiota. After describing the interactions between gut microbiota and xenobiotics, we discuss (1) the effects of gut microbiota on drug efficacy and toxicity and the corresponding mechanisms, (2) the variability of gut microbiota, which leads to variation in drug responses, (3) the biomarkers used for the patient stratification and treatment decisions before the use of drugs, and (4) the methods used for the personalized manipulation of gut microbiota to improve drug outcomes. Overall, we hope to improve the drug response by incorporating the knowledge of gut microbiota into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuwen Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shijun Yue
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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53
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Konuma T, Kohara C, Watanabe E, Takahashi S, Ozawa G, Inomata K, Suzuki K, Mizukami M, Nagai E, Okabe M, Isobe M, Kato S, Oiwa-Monna M, Takahashi S, Tojo A. Impact of Intestinal Microbiota on Reconstitution of Circulating Monocyte, Dendritic Cell, and Natural Killer Cell Subsets in Adults Undergoing Single-Unit Cord Blood Transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2020; 26:e292-e297. [PMID: 32798658 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota plays a fundamental role in the development of host innate immune cells, such as monocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), and natural killer (NK) cells. We examined the association between intestinal microbiota and subsequent immune reconstitution of circulating monocyte, DC, and NK cell subsets in 38 adult patients undergoing single-unit cord blood transplantation (CBT). A higher diversity of intestinal microbiota at 1 month was significantly associated with higher counts of plasmacytoid DCs at 7 months after CBT, as measured by the Chao1 index. Principal coordinate analysis of unweighted UniFrac distances showed significant differences between higher and lower classical monocyte reconstitution at 7 months post-CBT. The families Neisseriaceae, Burkholderiaceae, Propionibacteriaceae, and Coriobacteriaceae were increased in higher classical monocyte reconstitution at 7 months post-CBT, whereas the family Bacteroidaceae was increased in lower classical monocyte reconstitution at 7 months post-CBT. These data show that intestinal microbiota composition affects immune reconstitution of classical monocyte and plasmacytoid DCs following single-unit CBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Konuma
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Chisato Kohara
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Watanabe
- IMSUT Clinical Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Genki Ozawa
- TechnoSuruga Laboratory Co, Ltd, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | - Kei Suzuki
- TechnoSuruga Laboratory Co, Ltd, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Motoko Mizukami
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Etsuko Nagai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohito Okabe
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masamichi Isobe
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiko Kato
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Oiwa-Monna
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arinobu Tojo
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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54
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Nagayama Y, Isoo N, Nakashima A, Suzuki K, Yamano M, Nariyama T, Yagame M, Matsui K. Renoprotective effects of paramylon, a β-1,3-D-Glucan isolated from Euglena gracilis Z in a rodent model of chronic kidney disease. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237086. [PMID: 32764782 PMCID: PMC7413521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Paramylon is a novel β-glucan that is stored by Euglena gracilis Z, which is a unicellular photosynthesizing green alga with characteristics of both animals and plants. Recent studies have indicated that paramylon functions as an immunomodulator or a dietary fiber. Currently, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health problem, and there is no effective preventive treatment for CKD progression. However, paramylon may suppress the progression of CKD via the elimination of uremic toxins or modulation of gut microbiota, leading to the alleviation of inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of paramylon in CKD rat model. Eight-week-old male Wistar rats with a 5/6 nephrectomy were given either a normal diet or a diet containing 5% paramylon for 8 weeks. Proteinuria was measured intermittently. Serum and kidney tissues were harvested after sacrifice. We performed a renal molecular and histopathological investigation, serum metabolome analysis, and gut microbiome analysis. The results showed that paramylon attenuated renal function, glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial injury, and podocyte injury in the CKD rat model. Renal fibrosis, tubulointerstitial inflammatory cell infiltration, and proinflammatory cytokine gene expression levels tended to be suppressed with paramylon treatment. Further, paramylon inhibited the accumulation of uremic toxins, including tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle-related metabolites and modulated a part of CKD-related gut microbiota in the CKD rat model. In conclusion, we suggest that paramylon mainly inhibited the absorption of non-microbiota-derived uremic solutes, leading to protect renal injury via anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects. Paramylon may be a novel compound that can act against CKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikuni Nagayama
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Teikyo University School of Medicine, University Hospital, Mizonokuchi, Kawasaki, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Naoyuki Isoo
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Teikyo University School of Medicine, University Hospital, Mizonokuchi, Kawasaki, Japan
| | | | | | - Mizuki Yamano
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Teikyo University School of Medicine, University Hospital, Mizonokuchi, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nariyama
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Teikyo University School of Medicine, University Hospital, Mizonokuchi, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Motoka Yagame
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Teikyo University School of Medicine, University Hospital, Mizonokuchi, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Matsui
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Teikyo University School of Medicine, University Hospital, Mizonokuchi, Kawasaki, Japan
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55
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Tominaga T. Rapid quantification of coliforms in ready‐to‐eat foods using lateral‐flow immunochromatographic assay. J Food Saf 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Tominaga
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology Saitama Industrial Technology Center North Institute Saitama Japan
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56
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Yanagawa Y, Nagata N, Yagita K, Watanabe K, Okubo H, Kikuchi Y, Gatanaga H, Oka S, Watanabe K. Clinical features and gut microbiome of asymptomatic Entamoeba histolytica infection. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 73:e3163-e3171. [PMID: 32564059 PMCID: PMC8563208 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Entamoeba histolytica infection is a sexually transmitted disease in some developed countries. Asymptomatic infection often occurs and can be a source of transmission; however, limited data are available regarding the pathogenesis of E. histolytica. Methods This was a single-center, cross-sectional study. Specimens were prospectively collected from patients with clinically suspected cases. Entamoeba histolytica infection was defined as a case in which the identification of E. histolytica was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of a clinical specimen. Data from asymptomatic cases were compared with those from symptomatic invasive cases. Results Sixty-four E. histolytica–infected cases, including 13 asymptomatic cases, were identified during the study period. Microbiological diagnosis was made by endoscopic sampling in 26.6% of these cases (17/64). Endoscopy identified macroscopically visible lesions in all cases; however, the sensitivity of histopathology on biopsy samples was low (45.5%) compared with PCR (94.7%). In asymptomatic cases, infection sites were limited around the proximal colon; moreover, trophozoites were frequently identified at infection sites whereas cystic forms were commonly detected in stools. Gut microbiome analyses showed more uniform composition in asymptomatic cases than in symptomatic invasive cases, which were represented by a relatively high abundance of Ruminococcaceae, Coriobacteriaceae, and Clostridiaceae, and a low abundance of Streptococcaceae. Conclusions These results indicate that the encystation and attenuation of E. histolytica are highly affected by the intestinal contents, including the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Yanagawa
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center of Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoyoshi Nagata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center of Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Endoscopy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Yagita
- Department of Parasitology, National Institutes of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center of Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Okubo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center of Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Kikuchi
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center of Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Gatanaga
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center of Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shinichi Oka
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center of Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Koji Watanabe
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center of Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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57
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Grazing Management Influences Gut Microbial Diversity of Livestock in the Same Area. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12104160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The composition of gut microbiota is closely related to health and nutrition of livestock. Research on the interaction between gut microbiota in livestock and grazing management strategies is unfortunately sparse. By studying the compositions of gut microbiota in sheep and goats in a single, mixed grazing population under the control of herdsman, as well as those of free-range camels in the same area of Qaidam Basin, we found that the composition of gut microbiota between sheep and goats showed no significant difference. However, there were significant differences between mixed group and camels at α- and β-diversities. We speculate that grazing management can shape gut microbial diversity indirectly. Mixed grazing under the control of herdsman lead to similarities in the diversity of gut microbiota among different species and limit their diversities of gut microbiota, which is not conducive to healthy growth of the host. On the contrary, free-range grazing is better for the diversity of gut microbiota. In order to sustainably manage populations of livestock, gut microbiota analysis may prove to be an important indicator for evaluating the merits of different grazing management strategies. Our results lay a foundation to improve the health of livestock and grazing management.
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58
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Shinohara M, Kiyosue M, Tochio T, Kimura S, Koga Y. Activation of butyrate-producing bacteria as well as bifidobacteria in the cat intestinal microbiota by the administration of 1-kestose, the smallest component of fructo-oligosaccharide. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:866-874. [PMID: 32389951 PMCID: PMC7399319 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
1-kestose is a structural component of fructo-oligosaccharides and is composed of 2 fructose residues bound to sucrose through β2-1 bonds. In the present study, the influence of the ingestion of 1-kestose on the intestinal microbiota was investigated in cats. Six healthy cats were administered 1 g/day of 1-kestose for 8 weeks followed by a 2-week wash-out period. Fecal samples were collected from cats after 0, 4, 8, and 10 weeks. The intestinal microbiota was examined by a 16S rRNA gene metagenomic analysis and real-time PCR. Short-chain fatty acids were measured by GC/MS. The results suggested that the intestinal bacterial community structure in feline assigned to this study was divided into 2 types: one group mainly composed of the genus Lactobacillus (GA) and the other mainly composed of the genus Blautia with very few bacteria of Lactobacillus (GB). Furthermore, the number of Bifidobacterium slightly increased after the administration of 1-kestose (at 4 and 8 weeks) (P<0.1). The administration of 1-kestose also increased the abundance of Megasphaera, the butyric acid-producing bacteria, at 4 and 8 weeks (P<0.1). Furthermore, an increase in butyric acid levels was observed after the administration of 1-kestose for 4 weeks (P<0.1). These results suggest that 1-kestose activated butyrate-producing bacteria as well as bifidobacteria and propose its potential as a new generation prebiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Takumi Tochio
- B Food Science Co., Ltd., Chita, Aichi 478-0046, Japan
| | - Seiji Kimura
- Nisshin Petfood Inc., Nasu-Shiobara, Tochigi 329-2763, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Koga
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.,Japanese Society for Probiotic Science, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1143, Japan
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59
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Koliada A, Moseiko V, Romanenko M, Piven L, Lushchak O, Kryzhanovska N, Guryanov V, Vaiserman A. Seasonal variation in gut microbiota composition: cross-sectional evidence from Ukrainian population. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:100. [PMID: 32316935 PMCID: PMC7175530 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01786-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiota composition is known to depend on environmental (diet, day length, infections, xenobiotic exposure) and lifestyle (alcohol/drug intake, physical activity) factors. All these factors fluctuate seasonally, especially in areas with highly variable climatic conditions between seasons. Seasonal microbiota changes were reported in several previous studies. The purpose of our study was to investigate whether there is a seasonal variability in the gut microbiota composition in Ukrainian population. In contrast to previous studies performed on small-size samples using a longitudinal design, we used cross-sectional design with a large sample size (n = 769). Determination of microbial composition at the level of major microbial phyla was performed by qRT-PCR. RESULTS The relative abundance of major taxonomic groups of gut microbiota was found to be affected by month of sampling. Actinobacteria were more abundant and Bacteroidetes were less abundant in summer-derived samples compared to those obtained during other seasons, whereas Firmicutes content was seasonally independent. The Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio was significantly higher in summer-derived samples than in winter-derived ones. Odds to have F/B > 1 were 3.3 times higher in summer samples and 1.9 times higher in autumn samples than in winter ones; neither age, nor sex were significant confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS Seasonality of sampling could influence results of human microbiome research, thereby potentially biasing estimates. This factor must be taken into consideration in further microbiome research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Koliada
- Institute of Gerontology, Vyshgorodskaya st. 67, Kyiv, 04114, Ukraine
| | | | - Mariana Romanenko
- Institute of Gerontology, Vyshgorodskaya st. 67, Kyiv, 04114, Ukraine
| | - Liubov Piven
- Institute of Gerontology, Vyshgorodskaya st. 67, Kyiv, 04114, Ukraine
| | - Oleh Lushchak
- Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
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60
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Kawakami S, Ito R, Maruki-Uchida H, Kamei A, Yasuoka A, Toyoda T, Ishijima T, Nishimura E, Morita M, Sai M, Abe K, Okada S. Intake of a Mixture of Sake Cake and Rice Malt Increases Mucin Levels and Changes in Intestinal Microbiota in Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020449. [PMID: 32053963 PMCID: PMC7071214 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amazake is a traditional Japanese beverage. Its main ingredients are sake cake and rice malt. In this study, we examined the effect of sake cake and rice malt on the intestinal barrier function and gut microbiota. BALB/c mice were fed a control diet or a diet containing a mixture of sake cake and rice malt powder (SRP) for four weeks. Fecal IgA values did not change between groups, but the fecal mucin level was significantly greater in the SRP-fed group. Gene expression analysis in the ileum by real-time PCR demonstrated Muc2 expression did not change, while the Muc3 expression was upregulated in the SRP-fed group. Furthermore, microbiota analysis demonstrated a change by SRP intake at the family level, and the proportion of Lactobacillaceae significantly increased in the SRP-fed group. At the genus level, the proportion of Lactobacillus also significantly increased in the SRP-fed group. These results suggest that the intake of a mixture of sake cake and rice malt improves intestinal barrier function by increasing mucin levels and inducing changes in intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinpei Kawakami
- Health Science Research Center, Morinaga & Co., Ltd., 2-1-1 Shimosueyoshi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8504, Japan; (R.I.); (H.M.-U.); (E.N.); (M.M.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-45-571-6140
| | - Ryouichi Ito
- Health Science Research Center, Morinaga & Co., Ltd., 2-1-1 Shimosueyoshi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8504, Japan; (R.I.); (H.M.-U.); (E.N.); (M.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Hiroko Maruki-Uchida
- Health Science Research Center, Morinaga & Co., Ltd., 2-1-1 Shimosueyoshi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8504, Japan; (R.I.); (H.M.-U.); (E.N.); (M.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Asuka Kamei
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, LiSE 4F C-4 3-25-13 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan; (A.K.); (A.Y.); (K.A.)
| | - Akihito Yasuoka
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, LiSE 4F C-4 3-25-13 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan; (A.K.); (A.Y.); (K.A.)
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (T.T.); (T.I.); (S.O.)
| | - Tsudoi Toyoda
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (T.T.); (T.I.); (S.O.)
| | - Tomoko Ishijima
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (T.T.); (T.I.); (S.O.)
| | - Eisaku Nishimura
- Health Science Research Center, Morinaga & Co., Ltd., 2-1-1 Shimosueyoshi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8504, Japan; (R.I.); (H.M.-U.); (E.N.); (M.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Minoru Morita
- Health Science Research Center, Morinaga & Co., Ltd., 2-1-1 Shimosueyoshi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8504, Japan; (R.I.); (H.M.-U.); (E.N.); (M.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Masahiko Sai
- Health Science Research Center, Morinaga & Co., Ltd., 2-1-1 Shimosueyoshi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8504, Japan; (R.I.); (H.M.-U.); (E.N.); (M.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Keiko Abe
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, LiSE 4F C-4 3-25-13 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan; (A.K.); (A.Y.); (K.A.)
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (T.T.); (T.I.); (S.O.)
| | - Shinji Okada
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (T.T.); (T.I.); (S.O.)
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61
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Konuma T, Kohara C, Watanabe E, Takahashi S, Ozawa G, Suzuki K, Mizukami M, Nagai E, Jimbo K, Kaito Y, Isobe M, Kato S, Takahashi S, Chiba A, Miyake S, Tojo A. Reconstitution of Circulating Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Its Association with the Riboflavin Synthetic Pathway of Gut Microbiota in Cord Blood Transplant Recipients. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:1462-1473. [PMID: 32041784 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a type of innate lymphocyte and recognize riboflavin (vitamin B2) synthesis products presented by MHC-related protein 1. We investigated long-term reconstitution of MAIT cells and its association with chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) in a cross-sectional cohort of 173 adult patients after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. According to donor source, the number of MAIT cells significantly correlated with time after cord blood transplantation (CBT) but not with time after bone marrow transplantation or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. The number of MAIT cells was significantly lower in patients with cGVHD compared with patients without cGVHD. We also examined the association between MAIT cell reconstitution and gut microbiota as evaluated by 16S ribosomal sequencing of stool samples 1 mo post-CBT in 27 adult patients undergoing CBT. The diversity of gut microbiota was positively correlated with better MAIT cell reconstitution after CBT. Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States analysis indicated that amounts of ribB and ribA genes were significantly higher in the microbiomes of patients with subsequent MAIT cell reconstitution after CBT. In conclusion, long-term MAIT cell reconstitution is dependent on the type of donor source. Our data also unveiled an important role for the interaction of circulating MAIT cells with gut microbiota in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Konuma
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan;
| | - Chisato Kohara
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Eri Watanabe
- Clinical Flow Cytometry Laboratory, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | | | - Genki Ozawa
- TechnoSuruga Laboratory Co., Ltd., Shizuoka 424-0065, Japan
| | - Kei Suzuki
- TechnoSuruga Laboratory Co., Ltd., Shizuoka 424-0065, Japan
| | - Motoko Mizukami
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; and
| | - Etsuko Nagai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; and
| | - Koji Jimbo
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yuta Kaito
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Masamichi Isobe
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Seiko Kato
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Asako Chiba
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Sachiko Miyake
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Arinobu Tojo
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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Akimoto S, Goto C, Kuriki K. Relationship between ethanol consumption and TBL2 rs17145738 on LDL-C concentration in Japanese adults: a four season 3-day weighed diet record study. BMC Nutr 2019; 5:61. [PMID: 32153974 PMCID: PMC7050859 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-019-0315-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration is modified by dietary and genetic factors; however, little is known about the details of this relationship. Our aim was to investigate the associations taking into account dietary assessment methods, seasonal effects and missing values.
Methods
Study subjects completed food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) and supplied 3-day weighed dietary records (WDRs) and blood samples in four seasons. Approximately 660,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were measured. Candidate SNPs related to LDL-C concentration were systematically selected. Multiple imputation was applied for missing values. A total of 312 repeated measures data were used for analyses. After adjusting for season and subjects as fixed and random effects, effects of nutrient intake and SNPs on LDL-C concentration were assessed according to three dietary assessment methods: the FFQ and first and four season 3-day WDRs (4 s-3d WDRs).
Results
For LDL-C concentration, ethanol consumption derived from all three dietary assessment methods was consistently associated (P < 0.09 for all). Positive and negative relationships were consistently shown with rs651007 and rs1160985 in the first and four seasons; but the latter remained after adjusting for total dietary fiber intake derived from the FFQ and 4 s-3d WDRs (P < 0.05, excepting the first 3-day WDRs). rs599839 was negatively associated after cholesterol intakes derived from the first and 4 s-3d WDRs were considered (P < 0.05 and 0.07, respectively). Each rs17145738 and ethanol consumption based on the 4 s-3d WDRs was related to LDL-C concentration (P < 0.05). Seasonal variations of LDL-C concentration were observed only in summer.
Conclusions
In contrast to nutrient intake, ethanol consumption was shown to be comprehensively related to LDL-C concentration, regardless of dietary assessment methods. Taking into account seasonal effects, critical relationships with LDL-C concentration for some SNPs, after adjustment for specific nutrients, were revealed. Our findings can be used to help to interpret the relationships between dietary and genetic factors on LDL-C concentration in large-scale epidemiological studies.
(10/10 keywords)
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Ide K, Shinohara M, Yamagishi S, Endo A, Nishifuji K, Tochio T. Kestose supplementation exerts bifidogenic effect within fecal microbiota and increases fecal butyrate concentration in dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 82:1-8. [PMID: 31761826 PMCID: PMC6983673 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Kestose, a fructooligosaccharide (FOS) with one fructose monomer linked to sucrose, is a key component of the prebiotic activity of FOS. This study aimed to evaluate the prebiotic potential
of Kestose in terms of the impact on population change in the intestinal microbiota and fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration in dogs. Kestose 2 g per dog was administered daily
with conventional diet to 6 healthy, adult beagle dogs for 8 weeks followed by 4 weeks of follow-up period without Kestose supplementation. Fresh fecal samples were obtained before and every
4 weeks until the end of the follow-up period. Genomic DNA extracted from the fecal samples was subjected to 16S rRNA gene analysis using next generation sequencer and to quantitative
polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Fecal acetate, propionate, butyrate, lactate and ethanol concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. 16S rRNA gene analysis and
qPCR showed increasing trend of genus Bifidobacterium after Kestose supplementation while genera Bacteroides and Sutterella decreased.
Clostridium perfringens decreased below the detection limit within first 4 weeks after starting Kestose supplementation. Fecal butyrate concentration was significantly
increased at week 8 and returned to the base level after 4 weeks of the washing period. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to reveal effect of Kestose on the populational
changes in fecal microbiota and fecal butyrate concentration in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Ide
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mikako Shinohara
- B Food Science Co., Ltd., 24-12 Kitahama, Chita, Aichi 478-0046, Japan
| | - Shohei Yamagishi
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Akihito Endo
- Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196 Yasaka, Abashiri, Hokkaido 099-2493, Japan
| | - Koji Nishifuji
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Takumi Tochio
- B Food Science Co., Ltd., 24-12 Kitahama, Chita, Aichi 478-0046, Japan
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64
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Bosman ES, Albert AY, Lui H, Dutz JP, Vallance BA. Skin Exposure to Narrow Band Ultraviolet (UVB) Light Modulates the Human Intestinal Microbiome. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2410. [PMID: 31708890 PMCID: PMC6821880 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent worldwide rise in idiopathic immune and inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) has been linked to Western society-based changes in lifestyle and environment. These include decreased exposure to sunlight/UVB light and subsequent impairment in the production of vitamin D, as well as dysbiotic changes in the makeup of the gut microbiome. Despite their association, it is unclear if there are any direct links between UVB light and the gut microbiome. In this study we investigated whether exposing the skin to Narrow Band Ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) light to increase serum vitamin D levels would also modulate the makeup of the human intestinal microbiota. The effects of NB-UVB light were studied in a clinical pilot study using a healthy human female cohort (n = 21). Participants were divided into those that took vitamin D supplements throughout the winter prior to the start of the study (VDS+) and those who did not (VDS−). After three NB-UVB light exposures within the same week, the serum 25(OH)D levels of participants increased on average 7.3 nmol/L. The serum response was negatively correlated to the starting 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] serum concentration. Fecal microbiota composition analysis using 16S rRNA sequencing showed that exposure to NB-UVB significantly increased alpha and beta diversity in the VDS− group whereas there were no changes in the VDS+ group. Bacteria from several families were enriched in the VDS− group after the UVB exposures according to a Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) prediction, including Lachnospiracheae, Rikenellaceae, Desulfobacteraceae, Clostridiales vadinBB60 group, Clostridia Family XIII, Coriobacteriaceae, Marinifilaceae, and Ruminococcus. The serum 25(OH)D concentrations showed a correlation with the relative abundance of the Lachnospiraceae, specifically members of the Lachnopsira and Fusicatenibacter genera. This is the first study to show that humans with low 25(OH)D serum levels display overt changes in their intestinal microbiome in response to NB-UVB skin exposure and increases in 25(OH)D levels, suggesting the existence of a novel skin-gut axis that could be used to promote intestinal homeostasis and health. Clinical Trial Registration:clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03962673. Registered 23 May 2019 – Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03962673?term=NCT03962673&rank=1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Else S Bosman
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Arianne Y Albert
- BC Women's Hospital and Health Centre, Women's Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Harvey Lui
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Cancer Agency, Departments of Cancer Control Research and Integrative Oncology, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jan P Dutz
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bruce A Vallance
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Women's Hospital and Health Centre, Women's Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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65
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Zhang K, Fujita Y, Chang L, Qu Y, Pu Y, Wang S, Shirayama Y, Hashimoto K. Abnormal composition of gut microbiota is associated with resilience versus susceptibility to inescapable electric stress. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:231. [PMID: 31530799 PMCID: PMC6748977 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0571-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that abnormalities in the composition of gut microbiota might play a role in stress-related disorders. In the learned helplessness (LH) paradigm, ~60-70% rats are susceptible to LH in the face of inescapable electric stress. The role of gut microbiota in susceptibility in the LH paradigm is unknown. In this study, male rats were exposed to inescapable electric stress under the LH paradigm. The compositions of gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids were assessed in fecal samples from control rats, non-LH (resilient) rats, and LH (susceptible) rats. Members of the order Lactobacillales were present at significantly higher levels in the susceptible rats than in control and resilient rats. At the family level, the number of Lactobacillaceae in the susceptible rats was significantly higher than in control and resilient rats. At the genus level, the numbers of Lactobacillus, Clostridium cluster III, and Anaerofustis in susceptible rats were significantly higher than in control and resilient rats. Levels of acetic acid and propionic acid in the feces of susceptible rats were lower than in those of control and resilient rats; however, the levels of lactic acid in the susceptible rats were higher than those of control and resilient rats. There was a positive correlation between lactic acid and Lactobacillus levels among these three groups. These findings suggest that abnormal composition of the gut microbiota, including organisms such as Lactobacillus, contributes to susceptibility versus resilience to LH in rats subjected to inescapable electric foot shock. Therefore, it appears likely that brain-gut axis plays a role in stress susceptibility in the LH paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- grid.411500.1Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan ,grid.459419.4Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 238000 Hefei, China
| | - Yuko Fujita
- grid.411500.1Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan
| | - Lijia Chang
- grid.411500.1Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan
| | - Youge Qu
- grid.411500.1Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan
| | - Yaoyu Pu
- grid.411500.1Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan
| | - Siming Wang
- grid.411500.1Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan
| | - Yukihiko Shirayama
- grid.411500.1Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan ,0000 0004 0467 0888grid.412406.5Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara, Chiba, 299-0111 Japan
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
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66
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Iino C, Endo T, Mikami K, Hasegawa T, Kimura M, Sawada N, Nakaji S, Fukuda S. Significant decrease in Faecalibacterium among gut microbiota in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a large BMI- and sex-matched population study. Hepatol Int 2019; 13:748-756. [DOI: 10.1007/s12072-019-09987-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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67
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Maskarinec G, Hullar MAJ, Monroe KR, Shepherd JA, Hunt J, Randolph TW, Wilkens LR, Boushey CJ, Le Marchand L, Lim U, Lampe JW. Fecal Microbial Diversity and Structure Are Associated with Diet Quality in the Multiethnic Cohort Adiposity Phenotype Study. J Nutr 2019; 149:1575-1584. [PMID: 31187868 PMCID: PMC6862930 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variation in gut microbial community structure is partly attributed to variations in diet. A priori dietary indexes capture diet quality and have been associated with chronic disease risk. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine the association of diet quality, as assessed by the Healthy Eating Index, Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010, alternate Mediterranean Diet, and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Trial, with measures of fecal microbial community structure assessed in the Adiposity Phenotype Study (APS), an ethnically diverse study population with varied food intakes. METHODS Multiethnic Cohort Study members completed a validated quantitative food frequency questionnaire (QFFQ) at cohort entry (1993-1996) and, for the APS subset, at clinic visit (2013-2015), when they also provided a stool sample. DNA was extracted from stool, and the V1-V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced. Dietary index scores were computed based on the QFFQ and an extensive nutritional database. Using linear regression adjusted for relevant covariates, we estimated associations of dietary quality with microbiome measures and computed adjusted mean values of microbial measures by tertiles of dietary index scores. RESULTS The 858 men and 877 women of white, Japanese American, Latino, Native Hawaiian, and African American ancestry had a mean age of 69.2 years at stool collection. Alpha diversity according to the Shannon index increased by 1-2% across tertiles of all 4 diet indexes measured at clinic visit. The mean relative abundance of the phylum Actinobacteria was 13-19% lower with higher diet quality across all 4 indexes (difference between tertile 3 and tertile 1 divided by tertile 1). Of the 104 bacterial genera tested, 21 (primarily from the phylum Firmicutes) were positively associated with at least 1 index after Bonferroni adjustment. CONCLUSION Diet quality was strongly associated with fecal microbial alpha diversity and beta diversity and several genera previously associated with human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meredith A J Hullar
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Kristine R Monroe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Jeani Hunt
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Timothy W Randolph
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | | | - Unhee Lim
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Johanna W Lampe
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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68
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Identification of the microbial diversity after fecal microbiota transplantation therapy for chronic intractable constipation using 16s rRNA amplicon sequencing. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214085. [PMID: 30889205 PMCID: PMC6424423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disease by restoring gut microbiota; however, there is a lack of sufficient understanding regarding which microbial populations successfully colonize the recipient gut. This study characterized microbial composition and diversity in patients diagnosed with chronic constipation at 1 month and 1 year after FMT. Methods We explored the microbial diversity of pre- and posttransplant stool specimens from patients using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, followed by functional analysis. Results The results identified 22 species of microorganisms colonized in the recipients from the donors at 1 month after FMT. One-year follow-up of the patient identified the colonization of 18 species of microorganisms, resulting in identification of species in significant abundance, including Bacteroides fragilis and Hungatella hathewayi in the recipient at 1 month after FMT and Dialister succinatiphilus, Coprococcus catus, and Sutterella stercoricanis at 1 year after FMT. The majority of the colonized species belong to the phylum Firmicutes and carry genes related to polysaccharide metabolism and that enhance the energy-harvesting efficiency of the host. Conclusion These results suggest that FMT is effective for the treatment of chronic constipation through the restoration and colonization of donor microbiota in the recipient gut up to 1 year after FMT.
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Sun X, Wang M, Guo L, Shu C, Zhang J, Geng L. Guanidine thiocyanate solution facilitates sample collection for plant rhizosphere microbiome analysis. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6440. [PMID: 30809445 PMCID: PMC6385689 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The interactions between rhizosphere microorganisms and plants are important for the health and development of crops. Analysis of plant rhizosphere bacterial compositions, particularly of those with resistance to biotic/abiotic stresses, may improve their applications in sustainable agriculture. Large-scale rhizosphere samplings in the field are usually required; however, such samples, cannot be immediately frozen. We found that the storage of samples at room temperature for 2 days leads to a considerable reduction in the operational taxonomic unit (OTU) number and the indices of bacterial alpha-diversity of rhizosphere communities. In this study, in order to overcome these problems, we established a method using guanidine thiocyanate (GTC) solution for the preservation of rhizosphere samples after their collection. This method allowed the maintenance of the samples for at least 1 day at room temperature prior to their cryopreservation and was shown to be compatible with conventional DNA isolation protocols. Illumina sequencing of V3 and V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene was used to assess the feasibility and reliability of this method, and no significant differences were observed in the number of OTUs and in the Chao and Shannon indices between samples stored at −70 °C and those stored in GTC solution. Moreover, the representation of Pseudomonas spp. in samples stored in GTC solution was not significantly different from that in samples stored at −70 °C, as determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (p > 0.05). Both types of samples were shown to cluster together according to principal coordinate analysis. Furthermore, GTC solution did not affect the bacterial taxon profiles at different storage periods compared with those observed when storing the samples below −70 °C. Even incubation of thawed samples (frozen at −70 °C) for 15 min at room temperature induced minor changes in the bacterial composition. Taken together, our results demonstrated that GTC solution may provide a reliable alternative for the preservation of rhizosphere samples in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meiling Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Agronomy, Jinlin Agriculture University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Changlong Shu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Geng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Iino C, Shimoyama T, Iino K, Yokoyama Y, Chinda D, Sakuraba H, Fukuda S, Nakaji S. Daidzein Intake Is Associated with Equol Producing Status through an Increase in the Intestinal Bacteria Responsible for Equol Production. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020433. [PMID: 30791484 PMCID: PMC6412946 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Equol is a metabolite of isoflavone daidzein and has an affinity to estrogen receptors. Although equol is produced by intestinal bacteria, the association between the status of equol production and the gut microbiota has not been fully investigated. The aim of this study was to compare the intestinal bacteria responsible for equol production in gut microbiota between equol producer and non-producer subjects regarding the intake of daidzein. A total of 1044 adult subjects who participated in a health survey in Hirosaki city were examined. The concentration of equol in urine was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. The relative abundances of 8 bacterial species responsible for equol production in the gut microbiota was assessed using 16S rRNA amplification. There were 458 subjects identified as equol producers. The proportion of equol production status and the intake of daidzein increased with age. Daily intake of daidzein was larger in equol-producer. The intestinal bacteria, which convert daidzein to equol were present in both equol producers and non-producers. However, the relative abundance and the prevalence of Asaccharobacter celatus and Slackia isoflavoniconvertens were significantly higher in equol producers than those in equol non-producers. The intestinal bacteria that convert daidzein to equol are present in not only the equol producers but also in the non-producers. The daidzein intake is associated with the equol production status through an increase of A. celatus and S. isoflavoniconvertens in the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikara Iino
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan.
| | | | - Kaori Iino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Yoshihito Yokoyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Chinda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Hirotake Sakuraba
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Shinsaku Fukuda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Shigeyuki Nakaji
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan.
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Sen P, Orešič M. Metabolic Modeling of Human Gut Microbiota on a Genome Scale: An Overview. Metabolites 2019; 9:E22. [PMID: 30695998 PMCID: PMC6410263 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in the metabolic interplay between the gut microbiome and host metabolism. Taxonomic and functional profiling of the gut microbiome by next-generation sequencing (NGS) has unveiled substantial richness and diversity. However, the mechanisms underlying interactions between diet, gut microbiome and host metabolism are still poorly understood. Genome-scale metabolic modeling (GSMM) is an emerging approach that has been increasingly applied to infer diet⁻microbiome, microbe⁻microbe and host⁻microbe interactions under physiological conditions. GSMM can, for example, be applied to estimate the metabolic capabilities of microbes in the gut. Here, we discuss how meta-omics datasets such as shotgun metagenomics, can be processed and integrated to develop large-scale, condition-specific, personalized microbiota models in healthy and disease states. Furthermore, we summarize various tools and resources available for metagenomic data processing and GSMM, highlighting the experimental approaches needed to validate the model predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partho Sen
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, 702 81 Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Matej Orešič
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, 702 81 Örebro, Sweden.
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Han W, Ye Y. A repository of microbial marker genes related to human health and diseases for host phenotype prediction using microbiome data. PACIFIC SYMPOSIUM ON BIOCOMPUTING. PACIFIC SYMPOSIUM ON BIOCOMPUTING 2019; 24:236-247. [PMID: 30864326 PMCID: PMC6417824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The microbiome research is going through an evolutionary transition from focusing on the characterization of reference microbiomes associated with different environments/hosts to the translational applications, including using microbiome for disease diagnosis, improving the effcacy of cancer treatments, and prevention of diseases (e.g., using probiotics). Microbial markers have been identified from microbiome data derived from cohorts of patients with different diseases, treatment responsiveness, etc, and often predictors based on these markers were built for predicting host phenotype given a microbiome dataset (e.g., to predict if a person has type 2 diabetes given his or her microbiome data). Unfortunately, these microbial markers and predictors are often not published so are not reusable by others. In this paper, we report the curation of a repository of microbial marker genes and predictors built from these markers for microbiome-based prediction of host phenotype, and a computational pipeline called Mi2P (from Microbiome to Phenotype) for using the repository. As an initial effort, we focus on microbial marker genes related to two diseases, type 2 diabetes and liver cirrhosis, and immunotherapy efficacy for two types of cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We characterized the marker genes from metagenomic data using our recently developed subtractive assembly approach. We showed that predictors built from these microbial marker genes can provide fast and reasonably accurate prediction of host phenotype given microbiome data. As understanding and making use of microbiome data (our second genome) is becoming vital as we move forward in this age of precision health and precision medicine, we believe that such a repository will be useful for enabling translational applications of microbiome data.
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MESH Headings
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/microbiology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/therapy
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/microbiology
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/therapy
- Computational Biology/methods
- Databases, Genetic
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/microbiology
- Genes, Microbial
- Genetic Markers
- Host Microbial Interactions/genetics
- Humans
- Immunotherapy
- Kidney Neoplasms/genetics
- Kidney Neoplasms/microbiology
- Kidney Neoplasms/therapy
- Liver Cirrhosis/genetics
- Liver Cirrhosis/microbiology
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/microbiology
- Lung Neoplasms/therapy
- Machine Learning
- Metagenomics/methods
- Metagenomics/statistics & numerical data
- Microbiota/genetics
- Phenotype
- Translational Research, Biomedical
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Affiliation(s)
- Wontack Han
- Computer Science Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
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Taniguchi H, Tanisawa K, Sun X, Kubo T, Hoshino Y, Hosokawa M, Takeyama H, Higuchi M. Effects of short-term endurance exercise on gut microbiota in elderly men. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13935. [PMID: 30536648 PMCID: PMC6286434 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise reduces the risks for cardiovascular diseases. Although the gut microbiota has been associated with fitness level and cardiometabolic risk factors, the effects of exercise-induced gut microbiota changes in elderly individuals are unclear. This study evaluated whether endurance exercise modulates the gut microbiota in elderly subjects, and whether these changes are associated with host cardiometabolic phenotypes. In a randomized crossover trial, 33 elderly Japanese men participated in a 5-week endurance exercise program. 16S rRNA gene-based metagenomic analyses revealed that the effect of endurance exercise on gut microbiota diversity was not greater than interindividual differences, whereas changes in α-diversity indices during intervention were negatively correlated with changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, especially during exercise. Microbial composition analyses showed that the relative abundance of Clostridium difficile significantly decreased, whereas that of Oscillospira significantly increased during exercise as compared to the control period. The changes in these taxa were correlated with the changes in several cardiometabolic risk factors. The findings indicate that short-term endurance exercise has little effect on gut microbiota in elderly individuals, and that the changes in gut microbiota were associated with cardiometabolic risk factors, such as systolic and diastolic blood pressure, providing preliminary insight into the associations between the gut microbiota and cardiometabolic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Taniguchi
- Division of Applied Life SciencesGraduate School of Life and Environmental SciencesKyoto Prefectural UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Kumpei Tanisawa
- Department of Physical Activity ResearchNational Institutes of Biomedical InnovationHealth and NutritionTokyoJapan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceTokyoJapan
- Institute of Advanced Active Aging ResearchTokorozawaJapan
| | - Xiaomin Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food SafetySchool of Public HealthXi’ an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
- Global Health InstituteXi'an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi'anChina
- Faculty of Sport SciencesWaseda UniversityTokorozawaJapan
| | - Takafumi Kubo
- Graduate School of Sport SciencesWaseda UniversityTokorozawaJapan
| | - Yuri Hoshino
- Department of Life Science and Medical BioscienceWaseda UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Masahito Hosokawa
- Department of Life Science and Medical BioscienceWaseda UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Haruko Takeyama
- Department of Life Science and Medical BioscienceWaseda UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Mitsuru Higuchi
- Institute of Advanced Active Aging ResearchTokorozawaJapan
- Faculty of Sport SciencesWaseda UniversityTokorozawaJapan
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75
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Sonoda A, Kamiyama N, Ozaka S, Gendo Y, Ozaki T, Hirose H, Noguchi K, Saechue B, Sachi N, Sakai K, Mizukami K, Hidano S, Murakami K, Kobayashi T. Oral administration of antibiotics results in fecal occult bleeding due to metabolic disorders and defective proliferation of the gut epithelial cell in mice. Genes Cells 2018; 23:1043-1055. [PMID: 30353943 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotics sometimes exert adverse effects on the pathogenesis of colitis due to the dysbiosis resulting from the disruption of gut homeostasis. However, the precise mechanisms underlying colitogenic effects of antibiotic-induced colitis are largely unknown. Here, we show a novel murine fecal occult bleeding model induced by the combinatorial treatment of ampicillin and vancomycin, which is accompanied by an enlarged cecum, upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-12, a reduction in Ki-67-positive epithelial cell number and an increase in the apoptotic cell number in the colon. Moreover, gas chromatography-tandem mass analysis showed that various kinds of metabolites, including glutamic acid and butyric acid, were significantly decreased in the cecal contents. In addition, abundance of butyric acid producer Clostridiales was dramatically reduced in the enlarged cecum. Interestingly, supplementation of monosodium glutamate or its precursor glutamine suppressed colonic IL-6 and IL-12, protected from cell apoptosis and prevented fecal occult blood indicating that the reduced level of glutamic acid is a possible mechanism of antibiotic-induced fecal occult bleeding. Our data showed a novel mechanism of antibiotic-induced fecal occult bleeding providing a new insight into the clinical application of glutamic acid for the treatment of antibiotic-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Sonoda
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Naganori Kamiyama
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Sotaro Ozaka
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Gendo
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Takashi Ozaki
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Haruna Hirose
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Kaori Noguchi
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Benjawan Saechue
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Nozomi Sachi
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Kumiko Sakai
- Department of Division of Life Science Research, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Mizukami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan.,Clinical Training Institute for Interns, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Shinya Hidano
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Kazunari Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
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76
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Kato K, Ishida S, Tanaka M, Mitsuyama E, Xiao JZ, Odamaki T. Association between functional lactase variants and a high abundance of Bifidobacterium in the gut of healthy Japanese people. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206189. [PMID: 30339693 PMCID: PMC6195297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that Japanese people exhibit a higher abundance of Bifidobacterium compared to people from other countries. Among the possible factors affecting the gut microbiota composition, an association of functional lactase gene variants with a higher abundance of Bifidobacterium in the gut has been proposed in some reports. However, no Japanese subjects were included in these studies. In this study, we investigated the possible contribution of functional lactase loci to the high abundance of Bifidobacterium in Japanese populations. Based on a data analysis assessing 1,068 healthy Japanese adults, a number of subjects is at least seven times greater than that reported in available online data. all subjects possessed CC genotype at rs4988235 and the GG at rs182549, which are associated with low lactase activity. We observed a positive correlation between dairy product intake and Bifidobacterium abundance in the gut. Considering previous reports, which revealed that four additional functional lactase loci, rs145946881, rs41380347, rs41525747 and rs869051967 (ss820486563), are also associated with low lactase activity in Japanese people, our findings imply the possible contribution of host genetic variation-associated low lactase activity to the high abundance of Bifidobacterium in the Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Kato
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., LTD., Kanagawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Sachiko Ishida
- Business Planning Group, Next Generation Science Institute, DeNA Life Science, Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Eri Mitsuyama
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., LTD., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jin-zhong Xiao
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., LTD., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Odamaki
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., LTD., Kanagawa, Japan
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77
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Mano F, Ikeda K, Joo E, Fujita Y, Yamane S, Harada N, Inagaki N. The Effect of White Rice and White Bread as Staple Foods on Gut Microbiota and Host Metabolism. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091323. [PMID: 30231542 PMCID: PMC6164422 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of two kinds of major Japanese staple foods, white rice and white bread, on gut microbiota against the background in which participants eat common side dishes. Seven healthy subjects completed the dietary intervention with two 1-week test periods with a 1-week wash-out period in cross-over design (UMIN registration UMIN000023142). White bread or white rice and 21 frozen prepared side dishes were consumed during the test periods. At baseline and at the end of each period, fasting blood samples, breath samples, and fecal samples were collected. For fecal samples, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to analyze the gut microbiota. After the bread period, the abundance of fecal Bifidobacterium genus (19.2 ± 14.5 vs. 6.2 ± 6.6 (%), p = 0.03), fasting glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) (13.6 ± 2.0 vs. 10.5 ± 2.9 (pg/mL), p = 0.03), and breath hydrogen (23.4 ± 9.9 vs. 8.2 ± 5.5 (ppm), p = 0.02) were significantly higher than those of after the rice period. Plasma SCFAs also tended to be higher after the bread period. White bread contains more dietary fiber than refined short grain rice. These findings suggest that indigestible carbohydrate intake from short grain rice as a staple food may be smaller than that of white bread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumika Mano
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Kaori Ikeda
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Erina Joo
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Yoshihito Fujita
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Shunsuke Yamane
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Norio Harada
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Nobuya Inagaki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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78
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Stinson LF, Payne MS, Keelan JA. A Critical Review of the Bacterial Baptism Hypothesis and the Impact of Cesarean Delivery on the Infant Microbiome. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:135. [PMID: 29780807 PMCID: PMC5945806 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies suggest that infants delivered by cesarean section are at a greater risk of non-communicable diseases than their vaginal counterparts. In particular, epidemiological studies have linked Cesarean delivery with increased rates of asthma, allergies, autoimmune disorders, and obesity. Mode of delivery has also been associated with differences in the infant microbiome. It has been suggested that these differences are attributable to the "bacterial baptism" of vaginal birth, which is bypassed in cesarean deliveries, and that the abnormal establishment of the early-life microbiome is the mediator of later-life adverse outcomes observed in cesarean delivered infants. This has led to the increasingly popular practice of "vaginal seeding": the iatrogenic transfer of vaginal microbiota to the neonate to promote establishment of a "normal" infant microbiome. In this review, we summarize and critically appraise the current evidence for a causal association between Cesarean delivery and neonatal dysbiosis. We suggest that, while Cesarean delivery is certainly associated with alterations in the infant microbiome, the lack of exposure to vaginal microbiota is unlikely to be a major contributing factor. Instead, it is likely that indication for Cesarean delivery, intrapartum antibiotic administration, absence of labor, differences in breastfeeding behaviors, maternal obesity, and gestational age are major drivers of the Cesarean delivery microbial phenotype. We, therefore, call into question the rationale for "vaginal seeding" and support calls for the halting of this practice until robust evidence of need, efficacy, and safety is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa F Stinson
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Matthew S Payne
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jeffrey A Keelan
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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79
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Meehan CL, Lackey KA, Hagen EH, Williams JE, Roulette J, Helfrecht C, McGuire MA, McGuire MK. Social networks, cooperative breeding, and the human milk microbiome. Am J Hum Biol 2018; 30:e23131. [PMID: 29700885 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We present the first available data on the human milk microbiome (HMM) from small-scale societies (hunter-gatherers and horticulturalists in the Central African Republic [CAR]) and explore relationships among subsistence type and seasonality on HMM diversity and composition. Additionally, as humans are cooperative breeders and, throughout our evolutionary history and today, we rear offspring within social networks, we examine associations between the social environment and the HMM. Childrearing and breastfeeding exist in a biosocial nexus, which we hypothesize influences the HMM. METHODS Milk samples from hunter-gatherer and horticultural mothers (n = 41) collected over two seasons, were analyzed for their microbial composition. A subsample of these women's infants (n = 33) also participated in detailed naturalistic behavioral observations which identified the breadth of infants' social and caregiving networks and the frequency of contact they had with caregivers. RESULTS Analyses of milk produced by CAR women indicated that HMM diversity and community composition were related to the size of the mother-infant dyad's social network and frequency of care that infants receive. The abundance of some microbial taxa also varied significantly across populations and seasons. Alpha diversity, however, was not related to subsistence type or seasonality. CONCLUSION While the origins of the HMM are not fully understood, our results provide evidence regarding possible feedback loops among the infant, the mother, and the mother's social network that might influence HMM composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney L Meehan
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Kimberly A Lackey
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Edward H Hagen
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Janet E Williams
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Idaho
| | - Jennifer Roulette
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Courtney Helfrecht
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Mark A McGuire
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Idaho
| | - Michelle K McGuire
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington.,Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
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80
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Iino C, Shimoyama T, Chinda D, Arai T, Chiba D, Nakaji S, Fukuda S. Infection of Helicobacter pylori and Atrophic Gastritis Influence Lactobacillus in Gut Microbiota in a Japanese Population. Front Immunol 2018; 9:712. [PMID: 29681906 PMCID: PMC5897428 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Suppression of gastric acid by proton pump inhibitors is associated with the increase of Lactobacillus in human gut microbiota. Gastric acid secretion is also suppressed by Helicobacter pylori infection and following atrophic gastritis. However, few studies have examined the association between H. pylori infection and Lactobacillus species in gut microbiota particularly in Japan. Methods A total of 1,123 adult subjects who participated in a health survey in Hirosaki City were studied. Infection of H. pylori was defined by both serum antibody and stool antigen test. The presence and the severity of atrophic gastritis were defined by the serum level of serum pepsinogens. Using 16S ribosomal RNA amplification from fecal samples, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus was calculated, and the composition ratio of each Lactobacillus species was surveyed. Results The relative abundance of the Lactobacillus in H. pylori-infected subjects with severe atrophic gastritis was higher comparing with those in subjects with mild atrophic gastritis and without atrophic gastritis (0.591 vs 0.068% and 0.033%, respectively; p < 0.001) and also that of non-infected subjects (0.033%; p < 0.001). In H. pylori non-infected subjects, both gender and age were not associated with the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in fecal samples. The proportion of Lactobacillus salivarius was high in H. pylori-infected subjects while that of Lactobacillus acidophilus was high in non-infected subjects. Conclusion Lactobacillus in human gut microbiota could be influenced by H. pylori infection and severity of atrophic gastritis in Japanese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikara Iino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki National Hospital, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tadashi Shimoyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Chinda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tetsu Arai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Chiba
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Nakaji
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shinsaku Fukuda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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81
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Chotirmall SH, Gellatly SL, Budden KF, Mac Aogain M, Shukla SD, Wood DLA, Hugenholtz P, Pethe K, Hansbro PM. Microbiomes in respiratory health and disease: An Asia-Pacific perspective. Respirology 2017; 22:240-250. [PMID: 28102970 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There is currently enormous interest in studying the role of the microbiome in health and disease. Microbiome's role is increasingly being applied to respiratory diseases, in particular COPD, asthma, cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis. The changes in respiratory microbiomes that occur in these diseases and how they are modified by environmental challenges such as cigarette smoke, air pollution and infection are being elucidated. There is also emerging evidence that gut microbiomes play a role in lung diseases through the modulation of systemic immune responses and can be modified by diet and antibiotic treatment. There are issues that are particular to the Asia-Pacific region involving diet and prevalence of specific respiratory diseases. Each of these issues is further complicated by the effects of ageing. The challenges now are to elucidate the cause and effect relationships between changes in microbiomes and respiratory diseases and how to translate these into new treatments and clinical care. Here we review the current understanding and progression in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay H Chotirmall
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Shaan L Gellatly
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kurtis F Budden
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Micheál Mac Aogain
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Shakti D Shukla
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David L A Wood
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Philip Hugenholtz
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kevin Pethe
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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82
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Tamura M, Hoshi C, Kobori M, Takahashi S, Tomita J, Nishimura M, Nishihira J. Quercetin metabolism by fecal microbiota from healthy elderly human subjects. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188271. [PMID: 29176866 PMCID: PMC5703521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin is a polyphenol found in food that has numerous health benefits. This study investigated the relationship between quercetin metabolism, gut microbiota composition, and dietary intake in elderly Japanese subjects. A food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake during the week prior to stool sample collection. Fecal suspensions from 56 subjects were anaerobically incubated with quercetin and fecal microbiota composition was analyzed by next-generation sequencing. Inter-individual variations in quercetin concentration and fecal microbiota composition at family level suggested differences in microbial quercetin metabolism. The abundance of Sutterellaceae (r = -0.292) and Oscillospiraceae (r = -0.334) was negatively correlated whereas that of Fusobacteriaceae (r = 0.361) and Enterobacteriaceae (r = 0.321) was positively correlated with quercetin concentration. Niacin (r = -0.313), vitamin B6 (r = -0.297), vitamin B12 (r = -0.266), vitamin D (r = -0.301), and ratio of animal protein to total protein (r = -0.27) were also negatively correlated with quercetin concentration. Bacterial abundance was positively or negatively related to intake of food components. This is the first report describing the relationship between fecal quercetin metabolism, human microbiota, and dietary intake in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoi Tamura
- Food Research Institute of National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Chigusa Hoshi
- Food Research Institute of National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masuko Kobori
- Food Research Institute of National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Junko Tomita
- TechnoSuruga Laboratory Co., Ltd., Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Mie Nishimura
- Department of Medical Management and Informatics, Hokkaido Information University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Jun Nishihira
- Department of Medical Management and Informatics, Hokkaido Information University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
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83
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Yanagi H, Tsuda A, Matsushima M, Takahashi S, Ozawa G, Koga Y, Takagi A. Changes in the gut microbiota composition and the plasma ghrelin level in patients with Helicobacter pylori-infected patients with eradication therapy. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2017; 4:e000182. [PMID: 29225907 PMCID: PMC5717420 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2017-000182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the influence of antimicrobials on both the gut microbiota structure and the plasma ghrelin level using Helicobacter pylori-infected patients who underwent eradication therapy. Design Twenty H. pylori-infected patients (mean age 68.3 years old) who underwent eradication therapy participated in the study. For the therapy, patients had 1 week of triple therapy consisting of amoxicillin, clarithromycin and proton-pump inhibitors. Stool and blood samples were obtained before (S1), immediately after (S2) and/or 3 months after (S3) the therapies. The concentrations of ghrelin and leptin in the blood were assayed using an ELISA. The V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified using bacterial DNA from the stool, and about 50 000 high-quality amplicons per sample were grouped into operational taxonomic units for bacteriological analyses. Results The Bacteroidetes:Firmicutes (B:F) ratio was significantly greater at S3 than S1 (P<0.01). This increase in the B:F ratio between S3 and S1 was found in 15 out of 20 patients. A significant decrease in the concentration of active ghrelin (P=0.003) in the plasma was observed between S3 and S1. There was a statistically significant correlation between the rate of patients whose B:F ratio increased and that of patients whose active ghrelin level decreased between S3 and S1 according to Fisher’s exact probability test (P=0.03). Conclusions Changes in the gut microbiota, such as the B:F ratio after treatment with antimicrobials, might cause a change in the plasma ghrelin level, as the direct and earliest target of antimicrobials would be the microbiota rather than the hormone-secreting system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Yanagi
- Department of General Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Ayumi Tsuda
- Department of General Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Masashi Matsushima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | | | - Genki Ozawa
- Technical Department, TechnoSuruga Laboratory Co. Ltd, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Koga
- Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehata, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takagi
- Department of General Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
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84
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Chassaing B, De Bodt J, Marzorati M, Van de Wiele T, Gewirtz AT. Dietary emulsifiers directly alter human microbiota composition and gene expression ex vivo potentiating intestinal inflammation. Gut 2017; 66:1414-1427. [PMID: 28325746 PMCID: PMC5940336 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-313099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The intestinal microbiota plays a central role in the development of many chronic inflammatory diseases including IBD and metabolic syndrome. Administration of substances that alter microbiota composition, including the synthetic dietary emulsifiers polysorbate 80 (P80) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), can promote such inflammatory disorders. However, that inflammation itself impacts microbiota composition has obfuscated defining the extent to which these compounds or other substances act directly upon the microbiota versus acting on host parameters that promote inflammation, which subsequently reshapes the microbiota. DESIGN We examined the direct impact of CMC and P80 on the microbiota using the mucosal simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (M-SHIME) model that maintains a complex stable human microbiota in the absence of a live host. RESULTS This approach revealed that both P80 and CMC acted directly upon human microbiota to increase its proinflammatory potential, as revealed by increased levels of bioactive flagellin. The CMC-induced increase in flagellin was rapid (1 day) and driven by altered microbiota gene expression. In contrast, the P80-induced flagellin increase occurred more slowly and was closely associated with altered species composition. Transfer of both emulsifier-treated M-SHIME microbiotas to germ-free recipient mice recapitulated many of the host and microbial alterations observed in mice directly treated with emulsifiers. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate a novel paradigm of deconstructing host-microbiota interactions and indicate that the microbiota can be directly impacted by these commonly used food additives, in a manner that subsequently drives intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Chassaing
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jana De Bodt
- Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium
| | - Massimo Marzorati
- Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium
| | - Andrew T. Gewirtz
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
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85
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Hosomi K, Ohno H, Murakami H, Natsume-Kitatani Y, Tanisawa K, Hirata S, Suzuki H, Nagatake T, Nishino T, Mizuguchi K, Miyachi M, Kunisawa J. Method for preparing DNA from feces in guanidine thiocyanate solution affects 16S rRNA-based profiling of human microbiota diversity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4339. [PMID: 28659635 PMCID: PMC5489508 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04511-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metagenomic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene is generally performed to examine the diversity and abundance of commensal bacteria in feces, which is now recognized to be associated with human health and diseases. Guanidine thiocyanate (GuSCN) solution is used as a less onerous way compared with a frozen method to transport and stock fecal samples at room temperature for DNA analysis; however, optimal methods to measure fecal bacterial composition in GuSCN solution remain to be investigated. Here, we examined the influence of various factors such as pretreatment (e.g., removing GuSCN solution and washing feces with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) before mechanical lysis), fecal concentration in the GuSCN solution, storage time, and position of fecal subsampling on the 16S rRNA-based analysis of fecal bacteria in GuSCN solution. We found that pretreatment and fecal concentration affected the bacterial composition, and a little change was noted with subsampling position. Based on these results, we propose a basic protocol, including fecal sampling, sample storage, and DNA extraction, for the 16S rRNA-based analysis of bacterial composition in feces suspended in GuSCN solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Hosomi
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Harumi Ohno
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan
| | - Haruka Murakami
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan
| | - Yayoi Natsume-Kitatani
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Kumpei Tanisawa
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan
| | - Soichiro Hirata
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, 567-0085, Japan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Suzuki
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nagatake
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nishino
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Kenji Mizuguchi
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Motohiko Miyachi
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan.
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, 567-0085, Japan. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan. .,Graduate School of Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
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86
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Milanović V, Osimani A, Aquilanti L, Tavoletti S, Garofalo C, Polverigiani S, Litta-Mulondo A, Cocolin L, Ferrocino I, Di Cagno R, Turroni S, Lazzi C, Pellegrini N, Clementi F. Occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes in the fecal DNA of healthy omnivores, ovo-lacto vegetarians and vegans. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28464483 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201601098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The effects of long-term omnivore, ovo-lacto vegetarian and vegan diets on the occurrence of 12 antibiotic resistance (AR) genes in the human gut were studied. METHODS AND RESULTS The feces of 144 healthy volunteers recruited from Turin, Bari, Bologna, and Parma were screened for the occurrence of genes conferring resistance to tetracyclines, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B, vancomycin, and β-lactams. Overall, erm(B), tet(W) and tet(M) were detected at the highest frequency. A low effect from the diet on the AR gene distribution emerged, with tet(K) and vanB occurring at a lower and higher frequency in vegans and omnivores, respectively. A correlation of the intake of eggs, milk from animal sources and cheese with an increased occurrence of tet(K) was observed, together with a higher incidence of vanB in consumers of eggs, poultry meat, fish and seafood. When the detection frequencies of AR genes in volunteers from Bari and the other sites were comparatively evaluated, a north-to-south gradient was observed, whereas no effect of sex or age was highlighted. Except for tet(K), a negligible three-factor interaction was seen. CONCLUSION A high impact of the geographical location on AR gene distribution was seen in the cohort of subjects analyzed, irrespective of their dietary habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Milanović
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences (D3A), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Osimani
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences (D3A), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Lucia Aquilanti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences (D3A), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefano Tavoletti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences (D3A), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Cristiana Garofalo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences (D3A), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Serena Polverigiani
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences (D3A), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Alice Litta-Mulondo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences (D3A), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Luca Cocolin
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Science (DISAFA), University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Ilario Ferrocino
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Science (DISAFA), University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Raffaella Di Cagno
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Libera Università di Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Camilla Lazzi
- Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Clementi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences (D3A), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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87
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Igarashi M, Nakae H, Matsuoka T, Takahashi S, Hisada T, Tomita J, Koga Y. Alteration in the gastric microbiota and its restoration by probiotics in patients with functional dyspepsia. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2017; 4:e000144. [PMID: 28761692 PMCID: PMC5508964 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2017-000144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to comparatively analyse the gastric fluid (GF) microbiota between patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) and healthy controls (HC), and to assess the effect of probiotics on the microbiota. Design Twenty-four Japanese patients with FD who met the Rome III definition and 21 age-matched and gender-matched HC volunteers were enrolled. The patients with FD had been treated with LG21, a probiotic strain. The GF was sampled after an overnight fast using a nasogastric tube. The bile acids concentration was determined by ELISA. The V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA gene was amplified using bacterial DNA from the GF, and then about 30 000 high-quality amplicons per sample were grouped into operational taxonomic units for analyses. Results The ratio of GF samples in which the bile acids were detectable was significantly greater in the FD than in the HC groups. In the bacterial composition analysis at the phylum level, the GF microbiota had a Bacteroidetes > Proteobacteria abundance and an absence of Acidobacteria in the FD group, in contrast, the GF microbiota had a Bacteroidetes < Proteobacteria abundance and the presence of Acidobacteria in the HC group. Probiotic therapy in patients with FD shifted the composition of the GF microbiota to that observed in the HC volunteers. Conclusions Alteration in the GF microbiota was found in patients with FD compared with HC volunteers. Reflux of the small intestinal contents, including bile acid and intestinal bacteria, to the stomach was suggested to induce a bacterial composition change and be involved in the pathophysiology underlying FD. Probiotics appear effective in the treatment of FD through the normalisation of gastric microbiota. Trial registration number UMINCTR 000022026; Results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneki Igarashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara City, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Nakae
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara City, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuoka
- Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara City, Japan.,Koikeya Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Junko Tomita
- TechnoSuruga Laboratory Co., Ltd., Shizuoka City, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Koga
- Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara City, Japan
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88
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Endoh K, Matsui Y, Takeshita M, Katashima M, Yasunaga K, Kuriki K. Actual Daily Intakes of Tea Catechins and Thier Estimation According to Four Season 3 Day Weighed Dietary Records and a Short Food Frequency Questionnaire among Japanese Men and Women. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:2875-2881. [PMID: 29072829 PMCID: PMC5747417 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.10.2875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tea catechins are considered to be important preventive factors of cancer on several organs; however,
the relationships of the actual daily intakes (ADIs) on the preventive effects have not been adequately addressed. We
measured the ADIs of tea catechins as annual averages derived from every their ingested cups recorded by each subject,
and the estimation models were established considering tea origin. Methods: Fifty-nine Japanese men and women
completed four season 3 day weighed dietary records (WDRs) and a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and samples
of green, oolong and black teas, ingested during a total 12 days were collected for the analysis. The ADIs of the total and
composed catechins of all tea samples were measured by a high-performance liquid chromatography. The estimation
models for the ADIs (R2: coefficient of determination) based on the WDRs and FFQ were established with multiple
regression analysis using appropriate confounding factors. Results: The ADIs of total catechins and epigallocatechin
gallate (EGCg) were 110 and 21.4 mg/day in men and 157 and 34.7 mg/day in women, respectively. The total catechins
ADIs were positively associated with green tea consumption based on WDRs and FFQ (adjusted R2 =0.421 and 0.341
for men and 0.346 and 0.238 for women, p<0.05 for all, respectively). Likewise, the EGCg ADIs were associated with
green tea intake derived from WDRs and FFQ, respectively. Conclusions: We revealed the ADIs of total catechins
and EGCg as annual averages could establish their estimation models. These provide reference information to clarify
their relationships with cancer risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Endoh
- Laboratory of Public Health, Division of Nutritional Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuji Matsui
- R and D, Department Research- Health Care Food Research, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masao Takeshita
- R and D, Department Research- Health Care Food Research, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Katashima
- R and D, Department Research- Health Care Food Research, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Yasunaga
- R and D, Department Research- Health Care Food Research, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyonori Kuriki
- Laboratory of Public Health, Division of Nutritional Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan,For Correspondence:
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89
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Takei T, Konuma T, Takahashi S, Miharu Y, Suzuki M, Shibata H, Ishii H, Kato S, Takahashi S, Tojo A. Multi-locus sequence analysis for identification of Achromobacter xylosoxidans from blood culture. Infect Dis (Lond) 2016; 48:864-6. [DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2016.1203987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Takei
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaaki Konuma
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yuta Miharu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Suzuki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Shibata
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroto Ishii
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiko Kato
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arinobu Tojo
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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90
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Nishimoto Y, Mizutani S, Nakajima T, Hosoda F, Watanabe H, Saito Y, Shibata T, Yachida S, Yamada T. High stability of faecal microbiome composition in guanidine thiocyanate solution at room temperature and robustness during colonoscopy. Gut 2016; 65:1574-5. [PMID: 27340192 PMCID: PMC5036237 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-311937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Nishimoto
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Mizutani
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakajima
- Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumie Hosoda
- Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hikaru Watanabe
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Saito
- Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Shibata
- Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan,Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yachida
- Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuji Yamada
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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91
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Glycans affect DNA extraction and induce substantial differences in gut metagenomic studies. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26276. [PMID: 27188959 PMCID: PMC4870698 DOI: 10.1038/srep26276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides produced by bacterial species and present in feces are extremely inhibitory to DNA restriction and can cause discrepancies in metagenomic studies. We determined the effects of different DNA extraction methods on the apparent composition of the gut microbiota using Illumina MiSeq deep sequencing technology. DNA was extracted from the stool from an obese female using 10 different methods and the choice of DNA extraction method affected the proportional abundance at the phylum level, species richness (Chao index, 227 to 2,714) and diversity (non parametric Shannon, 1.37 to 4.4). Moreover DNA was extracted from stools obtained from 83 different individuals by the fastest extraction assay and by an extraction assay that degradated exopolysaccharides. The fastest extraction method was able to detect 68% to 100% genera and 42% to 95% species whereas the glycan degradation extraction method was able to detect 56% to 93% genera and 25% to 87% species. To allow a good liberation of DNA from exopolysaccharides commonly presented in stools, we recommend the mechanical lysis of stools plus glycan degradation, used here for the first time. Caution must be taken in the interpretation of current metagenomic studies, as the efficiency of DNA extraction varies widely among stool samples.
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92
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Wang W, Xu S, Ren Z, Jiang J, Zheng S. Gut microbiota and allogeneic transplantation. J Transl Med 2015; 13:275. [PMID: 26298517 PMCID: PMC4546814 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0640-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The latest high-throughput sequencing technologies show that there are more than 1000 types of microbiota in the human gut. These microbes are not only important to maintain human health, but also closely related to the occurrence and development of various diseases. With the development of transplantation technologies, allogeneic transplantation has become an effective therapy for a variety of end-stage diseases. However, complications after transplantation still restrict its further development. Post-transplantation complications are closely associated with a host's immune system. There is also an interaction between a person's gut microbiota and immune system. Recently, animal and human studies have shown that gut microbial populations and diversity are altered after allogeneic transplantations, such as liver transplantation (LT), small bowel transplantation (SBT), kidney transplantation (KT) and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HTCT). Moreover, when complications, such as infection, rejection and graft versus host disease (GVHD) occur, gut microbial populations and diversity present a significant dysbiosis. Several animal and clinical studies have demonstrated that taking probiotics and prebiotics can effectively regulate gut microbiota and reduce the incidence of complications after transplantation. However, the role of intestinal decontamination in allogeneic transplantation is controversial. This paper reviews gut microbial status after transplantation and its relationship with complications. The role of intervention methods, including antibiotics, probiotics and prebiotics, in complications after transplantation are also discussed. Further research in this new field needs to determine the definite relationship between gut microbial dysbiosis and complications after transplantation. Additionally, further research examining gut microbial intervention methods to ameliorate complications after transplantation is warranted. A better understanding of the relationship between gut microbiota and complications after allogeneic transplantation may make gut microbiota as a therapeutic target in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China. .,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shaoyan Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China. .,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zhigang Ren
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China. .,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jianwen Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China. .,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China. .,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
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