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The functions of CD4 T-helper lymphocytes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 54:173-178. [PMID: 35130627 PMCID: PMC9827934 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2021009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been increasingly accounted for global morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although it is partially reversible, the obstructive ventilatory schema of COPD often causes chronic inflammation that primarily affects peripheral airways, pulmonary parenchyma, and the development of lung lymphoid follicles. Among various T-helper (Th) cell types associated with COPD, Th1, Th2 and Th17 cell numbers are increased in COPD patients, whereas Treg cell number is reduced. Here, we reviewed recent advance in understanding the roles of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg in the pathogenesis of COPD and discussed the potential underlying mechanism.
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Lourenço JD, Ito JT, Martins MDA, Tibério IDFLC, Lopes FDTQDS. Th17/Treg Imbalance in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Clinical and Experimental Evidence. Front Immunol 2021; 12:804919. [PMID: 34956243 PMCID: PMC8695876 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.804919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory immune responses mediated by Th17 and Treg cells is deeply involved in the development and progression of inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Several clinical and experimental studies have described the Th17/Treg imbalance in COPD progression. Due to its importance, many studies have also evaluated the effect of different treatments targeting Th17/Treg cells. However, discrepant results have been observed among different lung compartments, different COPD stages or local and systemic markers. Thus, the data must be carefully examined. In this context, this review explores and summarizes the recent outcomes of Th17/Treg imbalance in COPD development and progression in clinical, experimental and in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Dias Lourenço
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM-20), Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Tiyaki Ito
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM-20), Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milton de Arruda Martins
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM-20), Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Ma X, Xu J, Yang J. Efficacy of tiotropium bromide combined with different doses of fluticasone plus salmeterol DPI in the treatment of stable COPD. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:13815-13824. [PMID: 35035721 PMCID: PMC8748162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the efficacy of tiotropium bromide combined with different doses of fluticasone plus salmeterol DPI (dry powder for inhalation) in treating stable moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its influence on pulmonary function. METHODS From August 2017 to November 2019, 105 patients with stable moderate to severe COPD in our hospital were enrolled and divided into three groups: group A (GA), group B (GB) and group C (GC). In GA, patients received tiotropium bromide combined with low dose of fluticasone plus salmeterol. In GB, patients received tiotropium bromide combined with medium dose of fluticasone plus salmeterol. In GC, patients received tiotropium bromide combined with high dose of fluticasone plus salmeterol. The baseline data and adverse reactions were observed in each group. After therapy, the improvement of clinical symptoms, quality of life, pulmonary function index and therapeutic effect were observed in each group. RESULTS There was no difference in the general data of patients among the groups (P>0.05). The improvement of clinical symptoms in GB was better than that in GA, and that in GC was better than that in GB (P<0.05). There was no difference in adverse reactions among the groups (P>0.05). After treatment, IL-8, MPO, LTB4 and the number of inflammatory cells in sputum in the three groups decreased; the four in GB group were dramatically lower than those in GA group, and those in GC group were dramatically lower than those in GB group. The lung function indexes of patients in GB were better than those in GA, and those in GC were better than those in GB (P<0.05). The efficacy in GB was better than that in GA, and that in GC was better than that in GB (P<0.05). The quality of life scores in GB were higher than those in GA, and those in GC were higher than those in GB (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Tiotropium bromide combined with high dose of salmeterol xinafoate (SX) and fluticasone propionate (FP) powder for inhalation can effectively improve the pulmonary function of patients with moderate to severe stable COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ma
- Department of Respiration, Wuhu Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Wuhu 241000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Department of Respiration, Wuhu Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Wuhu 241000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Respiration, Wuhu Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Wuhu 241000, Anhui Province, China
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D’Anna SE, Maniscalco M, Cappello F, Carone M, Motta A, Balbi B, Ricciardolo FLM, Caramori G, Di Stefano A. Bacterial and viral infections and related inflammatory responses in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann Med 2021; 53:135-150. [PMID: 32997525 PMCID: PMC7877965 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2020.1831050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, bacterial and viral infections play a relevant role in worsening lung function and, therefore, favour disease progression. The inflammatory response to lung infections may become a specific indication of the bacterial and viral infections. We here review data on the bacterial-viral infections and related airways and lung parenchyma inflammation in stable and exacerbated COPD, focussing our attention on the prevalent molecular pathways in these different clinical conditions. The roles of macrophages, autophagy and NETosis are also briefly discussed in the context of lung infections in COPD. Controlling their combined response may restore a balanced lung homeostasis, reducing the risk of lung function decline. KEY MESSAGE Bacteria and viruses can influence the responses of the innate and adaptive immune system in the lung of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. The relationship between viruses and bacterial colonization, and the consequences of the imbalance of these components can modulate the inflammatory state of the COPD lung. The complex actions involving immune trigger cells, which activate innate and cell-mediated inflammatory responses, could be responsible for the clinical consequences of irreversible airflow limitation, lung remodelling and emphysema in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mauro Maniscalco
- Divisione di Pneumologia, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Telese, Italy
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica avanzata (BIND), Istituto di Anatomia Umana e Istologia Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Mauro Carone
- UOC Pulmonology and Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Motta
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Bruno Balbi
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell’Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Veruno, Italy
| | - Fabio L. M. Ricciardolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università di Torino, AOU San Luigi Gonzaga, Torino, Italy
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini morfologiche e funzionali (BIOMORF), Università degli studi di Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Di Stefano
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell’Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Veruno, Italy
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Polosukhin VV, Gutor SS, Du RH, Richmond BW, Massion PP, Wu P, Cates JM, Sandler KL, Rennard SI, Blackwell TS. Small airway determinants of airflow limitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 2021; 76:1079-1088. [PMID: 33827979 PMCID: PMC8526883 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-216037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although a variety of pathological changes have been described in small airways of patients with COPD, the critical anatomic features determining airflow limitation remain incompletely characterised. METHODS We examined lung tissue specimens from 18 non-smokers without chronic lung disease and 55 former smokers with COPD for pathological features of small airways that could contribute to airflow limitation. Morphometric evaluation was performed for epithelial and subepithelial tissue thickness, collagen and elastin content, luminal mucus and radial alveolar attachments. Immune/inflammatory cells were enumerated in airway walls. Quantitative emphysema scoring was performed on chest CT scans. RESULTS Small airways from patients with COPD showed thickening of epithelial and subepithelial tissue, mucus plugging and reduced collagen density in the airway wall (in severe COPD). In patients with COPD, we also observed a striking loss of alveolar attachments, which are connective tissue septa that insert radially into the small airway adventitia. While each of these parameters correlated with reduced airflow (FEV1), multivariable regression analysis indicated that loss of alveolar attachments was the major determinant of airflow limitation related to small airways. Neutrophilic infiltration of airway walls and collagen degradation in airway adventitia correlated with loss of alveolar attachments. In addition, quantitative analysis of CT scans identified an association between the extent of emphysema and loss of alveolar attachments. CONCLUSION In COPD, loss of radial alveolar attachments in small airways is the pathological feature most closely related to airflow limitation. Destruction of alveolar attachments may be mediated by neutrophilic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergey S Gutor
- Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Rui-Hong Du
- Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bradley W Richmond
- Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Pierre P Massion
- Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Pingsheng Wu
- Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Justin M Cates
- Pathology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kim L Sandler
- Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stephen I Rennard
- Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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王 小, 朱 洁, 高 雅, 吴 凡, 杨 勤, 童 佳, 张 星, 王 传, 吴 迪, 李 泽. [ Liuwei Buqi capsule modulates immune function by targeting multiple immune cell subsets in lung tissue of patients with COPD]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:1492-1500. [PMID: 34755664 PMCID: PMC8586865 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.10.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the characteristics of immune cell subsets in the lung tissues of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the mechanism of Liuwei Buqi capsule in modulating immune and inflammatory imbalance in COPD. METHODS We downloaded COPD-related single-cell RNA sequencing data from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and identified COPD immune cell subsets using the Seurat package in the R software to construct an immune cell subsets-differential genes network. The target genes and active ingredients of Liuwei Buqi capsule were obtained from the Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), and the Liuwei Buqi capsule-immune cell subsets-target genes network was constructed by mapping the target genes to the differentially expressed genes in each immune cell subset. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis was performed to analyze significantly enriched pathways of the target genes, and the key genes involved in the top 20 pathways were identified. In a rat model of COPD, we investigated the effects of Liuwei Buqi capsule on pulmonary function, lung tissue pathology, serum levels of IL-1β, NF-κB, and TNF-α, and expressions of IKBα, JNK, c-JUN, and c-FOS proteins in the lung tissue. RESULTS A total of 18 immune-related cell subsets, including macrophages and alveolar macrophages, were identified in both COPD patients and healthy control subjects, and the patients with COPD showed significant changes the percentages of macrophages, cDC1, pDC, mast cells, T cells, and mature dendritic cells (P < 0.05). Liuwei Buqi capsules targeted multiple immune cell subsets, and the identified target genes were enriched mostly in such immune and inflammation-related signaling pathways as lipids and atherosclerosis, IL-17 signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and TNF signaling pathway; the genes CXCL8, IL1B, JUN, NFKBIA, MAPK8, and FOS were the key genes involved in the significantly enriched pathways. In the rat models of COPD, treatment with Liuwei Buqi capsule significantly improved pulmonary function, alleviated lung pathologies, reduced serum levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and NF-κB (P < 0.05) and pulmonary expressions of JNK, c-JUN, and c-FOS (P < 0.01) protein, and increased pulmonary expression of IκBα (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Liuwei Buqi capsule may play an immunomodulatory role by targeting multiple immune cell subsets in the lung tissue of COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- 小乐 王
- 安徽中医药大学研究生院, 安徽 合肥 230012Graduate School, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - 洁 朱
- 安徽中医药大学中西医结合学院, 安徽 合肥 230012College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- 安徽省中医药科学院中医呼吸病防治研究所, 安徽 合肥 230031Institute of Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China
- 安徽省教育厅重点实验室中医药防治肺系重大疾病重点实验室, 安徽 合肥 230031Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Control of Major Diseases in Pulmonary System, Key Laboratory of Anhui Provincial Education Department, Hefei 230031, China
| | - 雅婷 高
- 安徽中医药大学研究生院, 安徽 合肥 230012Graduate School, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - 凡 吴
- 安徽中医药大学研究生院, 安徽 合肥 230012Graduate School, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - 勤军 杨
- 安徽中医药大学研究生院, 安徽 合肥 230012Graduate School, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - 佳兵 童
- 第一附属医院, 安徽 合肥 230031First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China
- 安徽省中医药科学院中医呼吸病防治研究所, 安徽 合肥 230031Institute of Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China
- 安徽省教育厅重点实验室中医药防治肺系重大疾病重点实验室, 安徽 合肥 230031Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Control of Major Diseases in Pulmonary System, Key Laboratory of Anhui Provincial Education Department, Hefei 230031, China
| | - 星星 张
- 第一附属医院, 安徽 合肥 230031First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China
- 安徽省中医药科学院中医呼吸病防治研究所, 安徽 合肥 230031Institute of Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China
- 安徽省教育厅重点实验室中医药防治肺系重大疾病重点实验室, 安徽 合肥 230031Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Control of Major Diseases in Pulmonary System, Key Laboratory of Anhui Provincial Education Department, Hefei 230031, China
| | - 传博 王
- 安徽省中医药科学院中医呼吸病防治研究所, 安徽 合肥 230031Institute of Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China
- 安徽省教育厅重点实验室中医药防治肺系重大疾病重点实验室, 安徽 合肥 230031Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Control of Major Diseases in Pulmonary System, Key Laboratory of Anhui Provincial Education Department, Hefei 230031, China
- 安徽医科大学第二附属医院中医科, 安徽 合肥 230601Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - 迪 吴
- 安徽中医药大学研究生院, 安徽 合肥 230012Graduate School, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - 泽庚 李
- 第一附属医院, 安徽 合肥 230031First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China
- 安徽省中医药科学院中医呼吸病防治研究所, 安徽 合肥 230031Institute of Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China
- 安徽省教育厅重点实验室中医药防治肺系重大疾病重点实验室, 安徽 合肥 230031Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Control of Major Diseases in Pulmonary System, Key Laboratory of Anhui Provincial Education Department, Hefei 230031, China
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Targeting Ferroptosis for Lung Diseases: Exploring Novel Strategies in Ferroptosis-Associated Mechanisms. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:1098970. [PMID: 34630843 PMCID: PMC8494591 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1098970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent regulated necrosis characterized by the peroxidation damage of lipid molecular containing unsaturated fatty acid long chain on the cell membrane or organelle membrane after cellular deactivation restitution system, resulting in the cell membrane rupture. Ferroptosis is biochemically and morphologically distinct and disparate from other forms of regulated cell death. Recently, mounting studies have investigated the mechanism of ferroptosis, and numerous proteins play vital roles in regulating ferroptosis. With detailed studies, emerging evidence indicates that ferroptosis is found in multiple lung diseases, demonstrating that ferroptosis appears to be particularly important for lung diseases. The mounting interest in ferroptosis drugs specifically targeting the ferroptosis mechanism holds substantial therapeutic promise in lung diseases. The present review emphatically summarizes the functions and integrated molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis in various lung diseases, proposing that multiangle regulation of ferroptosis might be a promising strategy for the clinical treatment of lung diseases.
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Dobric A, De Luca SN, Spencer SJ, Bozinovski S, Saling MM, McDonald CF, Vlahos R. Novel pharmacological strategies to treat cognitive dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 233:108017. [PMID: 34626675 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major incurable global health burden and currently the 3rd largest cause of death in the world, with approximately 3.23 million deaths per year. Globally, the financial burden of COPD is approximately €82 billion per year and causes substantial morbidity and mortality. Importantly, much of the disease burden and health care utilisation in COPD is associated with the management of its comorbidities and viral and bacterial-induced acute exacerbations (AECOPD). Recent clinical studies have shown that cognitive dysfunction is present in up to 60% of people with COPD, with impairments in executive function, memory, and attention, impacting on important outcomes such as quality of life, hospitalisation and survival. The high prevalence of cognitive dysfunction in COPD may also help explain the insufficient adherence to therapeutic plans and strategies, thus worsening disease progression in people with COPD. However, the mechanisms underlying the impaired neuropathology and cognition in COPD remain largely unknown. In this review, we propose that the observed pulmonary oxidative burden and inflammatory response of people with COPD 'spills over' into the systemic circulation, resulting in damage to the brain and leading to cognitive dysfunction. As such, drugs targeting the lungs and comorbidities concurrently represent an exciting and unique therapeutic opportunity to treat COPD and cognitive impairments, which may lead to the production of novel targets to prevent and reverse the debilitating and life-threatening effects of cognitive dysfunction in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Dobric
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Simone N De Luca
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah J Spencer
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Steven Bozinovski
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael M Saling
- Clinical Neuropsychology, The University of Melbourne and Austin Health, VIC, Australia
| | - Christine F McDonald
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Respiratory & Sleep Medicine, The University of Melbourne and Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ross Vlahos
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Rodrigues SDO, da Cunha CMC, Soares GMV, Silva PL, Silva AR, Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque CF. Mechanisms, Pathophysiology and Currently Proposed Treatments of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:979. [PMID: 34681202 PMCID: PMC8539950 DOI: 10.3390/ph14100979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading global causes of morbidity and mortality. A hallmark of COPD is progressive airflow obstruction primarily caused by cigarette smoke (CS). CS exposure causes an imbalance favoring pro- over antioxidants (oxidative stress), leading to transcription factor activation and increased expression of inflammatory mediators and proteases. Different cell types, including macrophages, epithelial cells, neutrophils, and T lymphocytes, contribute to COPD pathophysiology. Alteration in cell functions results in the generation of an oxidative and inflammatory microenvironment, which contributes to disease progression. Current treatments include inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilator therapy. However, these therapies do not effectively halt disease progression. Due to the complexity of its pathophysiology, and the risk of exacerbating symptoms with existing therapies, other specific and effective treatment options are required. Therapies directly or indirectly targeting the oxidative imbalance may be promising alternatives. This review briefly discusses COPD pathophysiology, and provides an update on the development and clinical testing of novel COPD treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah de Oliveira Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20211-010, Brazil; (C.M.C.d.C.); (G.M.V.S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro 24020-140, Brazil
| | - Carolina Medina Coeli da Cunha
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20211-010, Brazil; (C.M.C.d.C.); (G.M.V.S.)
| | - Giovanna Martins Valladão Soares
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20211-010, Brazil; (C.M.C.d.C.); (G.M.V.S.)
| | - Pedro Leme Silva
- Laboratório de Investigação Pulmonar, Carlos Chagas Filho, Instituto de Biofísica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil;
| | - Adriana Ribeiro Silva
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro 24020-140, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Cassiano Felippe Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20211-010, Brazil; (C.M.C.d.C.); (G.M.V.S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro 24020-140, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20210-010, Brazil
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Kammerl IE, Hardy S, Flexeder C, Urmann A, Peierl J, Wang Y, Vosyka O, Frankenberger M, Milger K, Behr J, Koch A, Merl-Pham J, Hauck SM, Pilette C, Schulz H, Meiners S. Activation of immune cell proteasomes in peripheral blood of smokers and COPD patients - implications for therapy. Eur Respir J 2021; 59:13993003.01798-2021. [PMID: 34561290 PMCID: PMC8891681 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01798-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells contain a specialised type of proteasome, i.e. the immunoproteasome, which is required for intracellular protein degradation. Immunoproteasomes are key regulators of immune cell differentiation, inflammatory activation and autoimmunity. Immunoproteasome function in peripheral immune cells might be altered by smoking and in COPD thereby affecting immune cell responses.We here analysed the expression and activity of proteasome complexes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from healthy male young smokers as well as from patients with severe COPD and compared them to matching controls. Proteasome expression was upregulated in COPD patients as assessed by RT-qPCR and mass spectrometry-based proteomics analysis. Proteasome activity was quantified using activity-based probes and native gel analysis. We observed distinct activation of immunoproteasomes in the peripheral blood cells of young male smokers and severely ill COPD patients. Native gel analysis and linear regression modeling confirmed robust activation and elevated assembly of 20S proteasomes, which correlated significantly with reduced lung function parameters in COPD patients. The immunoproteasome was distinctly activated in COPD patients upon inflammatory cytokine stimulation of PBMCs in vitro Inhibition of the immunoproteasome reduced proinflammatory cytokine expression in COPD-derived blood immune cells.Given the crucial role of chronic inflammatory signalling and the emerging involvement of autoimmune responses in COPD, therapeutic targeting of the immunoproteasome might represent a novel therapeutic concept for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona E Kammerl
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians- University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Sophie Hardy
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians- University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.,Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, department of pulmonology, and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Pole of pulmonology, ENT and dermatology, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claudia Flexeder
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Urmann
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians- University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Peierl
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians- University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Yuqin Wang
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians- University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Vosyka
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians- University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Marion Frankenberger
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians- University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.,Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Katrin Milger
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians- University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.,Department of Medicine V, University Hospital, LMU, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Behr
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians- University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.,Department of Medicine V, University Hospital, LMU, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Koch
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians- University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.,Dept. of Pneumology, Teaching Hospital Pyhrn-Eisenwurzen Klinikum Steyr, Austria
| | - Juliane Merl-Pham
- Research Unit Protein Science, Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Research Unit Protein Science, Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Charles Pilette
- Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, department of pulmonology, and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Pole of pulmonology, ENT and dermatology, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Holger Schulz
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Silke Meiners
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians- University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
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61
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Li S, Zhao S, Wu Z, Wang F, Li W. Alteration of immune profiles is associated with pulmonary function and symptoms in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:742. [PMID: 34435653 PMCID: PMC8430332 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation serves a key role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, changes in the immune profiles of patients with COPD remain unclear. The present prospective observational study aimed to determine the expression profiles of immune cells and inflammatory factors of patients with COPD and healthy controls, and to analyze the relationship between immune profiles and smoking history. A total of 140 subjects were enrolled in the present study between September 2018 and April 2019 at West China Hospital of Sichuan University (Chengdu, China). These included 87 patients with stable COPD and 24 patients with acute exacerbated COPD, as well as 29 healthy controls. Baseline characteristics were recorded during the screening period, and levels of immune cells were examined using flow cytometry. In addition, levels of inflammatory factors were measured using ELISAs. The results revealed increased expression of the CD64+/CD14+ mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) and CD16+CD66+ neutrophils, and decreased expression of CD3+CD4+ T cells and CD3+ CD8+ T cells (all P<0.05) in the peripheral blood of patients with COPD and smokers relative to non-smoking controls. In addition, significant differences were observed in protein levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, TGF-α, IFN-γ, IL-8, IL-17A and CRP among the three groups (all P<0.05). Furthermore, the IL-17A, TNF and NF-κB signaling pathways were found to serve a key role in the inflammatory network of COPD. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between CD3+T lymphocyte counts and pulmonary function, and a negative correlation with smoking and exacerbations. Furthermore, neutrophils and MPS were negatively associated with pulmonary function, and IL-8 was positively associated with cough. There was also a negative association between CRP and IL-17A with pulmonary function but a positive correlation with symptoms and exacerbation. Club cell secretory protein was also negatively associated with emphysema parameters. In conclusion, the present findings revealed significant differences in profiles of immune factors among patients with COPD, smokers and non-smoking controls and their association with clinical characteristics. The clinical trial registration number of the present study is: ChiCTR1800015700 (registered with http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx, 2018/04/16).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixiang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Zhenru Wu
- Pathology Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- Hematology Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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62
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Wronski S, Beinke S, Obernolte H, Belyaev NN, Saunders KA, Lennon MG, Schaudien D, Braubach P, Jonigk D, Warnecke G, Zardo P, Fieguth HG, Wilkens L, Braun A, Hessel EM, Sewald K. Rhinovirus-induced Human Lung Tissue Responses Mimic COPD and Asthma Gene Signatures. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 65:544-554. [PMID: 34181859 PMCID: PMC8641849 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0337oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human rhinovirus (RV) is a major risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma exacerbations. The exploration of RV pathogenesis has been hampered by a lack of disease-relevant model systems. We performed a detailed characterization of host responses to RV infection in human lung tissue ex vivo and investigated whether these responses are disease relevant for patients with COPD and asthma. In addition, impact of the viral replication inhibitor rupintrivir was evaluated. Human precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) were infected with RV1B with or without rupintrivir. At Days 1 and 3 after infection, RV tissue localization, tissue viability, and viral load were determined. To characterize host responses to infection, mediator and whole genome analyses were performed. RV successfully replicated in PCLS airway epithelial cells and induced both antiviral and proinflammatory cytokines such as IFNα2a, CXCL10, CXCL11, IFN-γ, TNFα, and CCL5. Genomic analyses revealed that RV not only induced antiviral immune responses but also triggered changes in epithelial cell–associated pathways. Strikingly, the RV response in PCLS was reflective of gene expression changes described in patients with COPD and asthma. Although RV-induced host immune responses were abrogated by rupintrivir, RV-triggered epithelial processes were largely refractory to antiviral treatment. Detailed analysis of RV-infected human PCLS and comparison with gene signatures of patients with COPD and asthma revealed that the human RV PCLS model represents disease-relevant biological mechanisms that can be partially inhibited by a well-known antiviral compound and provide an outstanding opportunity to evaluate novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Wronski
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Member of Fraunhofer international Consortium for Anti-Infective Research (iCAIR), Member of Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Hannover, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Hannover, Germany;
| | - Soren Beinke
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Helena Obernolte
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Member of Fraunhofer international Consortium for Anti-Infective Research (iCAIR), Member of Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Hannover, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Nikolai N Belyaev
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Ken A Saunders
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Mark G Lennon
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Dirk Schaudien
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Member of Fraunhofer international Consortium for Anti-Infective Research (iCAIR), Member of Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Hannover, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Dsease (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Braubach
- Hannover Medical School, 9177, Department of Pathology, Hannover, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Hannover Medical School, 9177, Department of Pathology, Hannover, Niedersachsen, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Gregor Warnecke
- Hannover Medical School, 9177, Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Patrick Zardo
- Hannover Medical School, 9177, Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | - Armin Braun
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Member of Fraunhofer international Consortium for Anti-Infective Research (iCAIR), Member of Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Hannover, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Edith M Hessel
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Katherina Sewald
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Member of Fraunhofer international Consortium for Anti-Infective Research (iCAIR), Member of Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Hannover, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
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63
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Th17/Treg-Related Intracellular Signaling in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Comparison between Local and Systemic Responses. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071569. [PMID: 34206428 PMCID: PMC8305827 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Th17/Treg imbalance plays a pivotal role in COPD development and progression. We aimed to assess Th17/Treg-related intracellular signaling at different COPD stages in local and systemic responses. Lung tissue and/or peripheral blood samples were collected and divided into non-obstructed (NOS), COPD stages I and II, and COPD stages III and IV groups. Gene expression of STAT3 and -5, RORγt, Foxp3, interleukin (IL)-6, -17, -10, and TGF-β was assessed by RT-qPCR. IL-6, -17, -10, and TGF-β levels were determined by ELISA. We observed increased STAT3, RORγt, Foxp3, IL-6, and TGF-β gene expression and IL-6 levels in the lungs of COPD I and II patients compared to those of NOS patients. Regarding the systemic response, we observed increased STAT3, RORγt, IL-6, and TGF-β gene expression in the COPD III and IV group and increased IL-6 levels in the COPD I and II group. STAT5 was increased in COPD III and IV patients, although there was a decrease in Foxp3 expression and IL-10 levels in the COPD I and II and COPD III and IV groups, respectively. We demonstrated that an increase in Th17 intracellular signaling in the lungs precedes this increase in the systemic response, whereas Treg intracellular signaling varies between the compartments analyzed in different COPD stages.
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64
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Lung macrophages drive mucus production and steroid-resistant inflammation in chronic bronchitis. Respir Res 2021; 22:172. [PMID: 34098956 PMCID: PMC8186034 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01762-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) frequently suffer from chronic bronchitis (CB) and display steroid-resistant inflammation with increased sputum neutrophils and macrophages. Recently, a causal link between mucus hyper-concentration and disease progression of CB has been suggested. Methods In this study, we have evaluated the steroid sensitivity of purified, patient-derived sputum and alveolar macrophages and used a novel mechanistic cross-talk assay to examine how macrophages and bronchial epithelial cells cross-talk to regulate MUC5B production. Results We demonstrate that sputum plug macrophages isolated from COPD patients with chronic bronchitis (COPD/CB) are chronically activated and only partially respond to ex vivo corticosteroid treatment compared to alveolar macrophages isolated from lung resections. Further, we show that pseudo-stratified bronchial epithelial cells grown in air–liquid-interface are inert to direct bacterial lipopolysaccharide stimulation and that macrophages are able to relay this signal and activate the CREB/AP-1 transcription factor complex and subsequent MUC5B expression in epithelial cells through a soluble mediator. Using recombinant protein and neutralizing antibodies, we identified a key role for TNFα in this cross-talk. Conclusions For the first time, we describe ex vivo pharmacology in purified human sputum macrophages isolated from chronic bronchitis COPD patients and identify a possible basis for the steroid resistance frequently seen in this population. Our data pinpoint a critical role for chronically activated sputum macrophages in perpetuating TNFα-dependent signals driving mucus hyper-production. Targeting the chronically activated mucus plug macrophage phenotype and interfering with aberrant macrophage-epithelial cross-talk may provide a novel strategy to resolve chronic inflammatory lung disease. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-021-01762-4.
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65
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Nucera F, Lo Bello F, Shen SS, Ruggeri P, Coppolino I, Di Stefano A, Stellato C, Casolaro V, Hansbro PM, Adcock IM, Caramori G. Role of Atypical Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors Pathways in the Pathogenesis of COPD. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2577-2653. [PMID: 32819230 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327999200819145327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents a heightened inflammatory response in the lung generally resulting from tobacco smoking-induced recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells and/or activation of lower airway structural cells. Several mediators can modulate activation and recruitment of these cells, particularly those belonging to the chemokines (conventional and atypical) family. There is emerging evidence for complex roles of atypical chemokines and their receptors (such as high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), antimicrobial peptides, receptor for advanced glycosylation end products (RAGE) or toll-like receptors (TLRs)) in the pathogenesis of COPD, both in the stable disease and during exacerbations. Modulators of these pathways represent potential novel therapies for COPD and many are now in preclinical development. Inhibition of only a single atypical chemokine or receptor may not block inflammatory processes because there is redundancy in this network. However, there are many animal studies that encourage studies for modulating the atypical chemokine network in COPD. Thus, few pharmaceutical companies maintain a significant interest in developing agents that target these molecules as potential antiinflammatory drugs. Antibody-based (biological) and small molecule drug (SMD)-based therapies targeting atypical chemokines and/or their receptors are mostly at the preclinical stage and their progression to clinical trials is eagerly awaited. These agents will most likely enhance our knowledge about the role of atypical chemokines in COPD pathophysiology and thereby improve COPD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nucera
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Pugliatti Square 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Lo Bello
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Pugliatti Square 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Sj S Shen
- Faculty of Science, Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, University of Technology, Ultimo, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paolo Ruggeri
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Pugliatti Square 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Irene Coppolino
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Pugliatti Square 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Di Stefano
- Division of Pneumology, Cyto- Immunopathology Laboratory of the Cardio-Respiratory System, Clinical Scientific Institutes Maugeri IRCCS, Veruno, Italy
| | - Cristiana Stellato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Salerno Medical School, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Casolaro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Salerno Medical School, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Phil M Hansbro
- Faculty of Science, Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, University of Technology, Ultimo, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Pugliatti Square 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
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66
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Kazi AA, Subba Reddy BV, Ravithej Singh L. Synthetic approaches to FDA approved drugs for asthma and COPD from 1969 to 2020. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 41:116212. [PMID: 34000507 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory infections resulting from pulmonary inflammation emerging as a leading cause of death worldwide. However, only twenty-seven new drugs were approved in the last five decades. In this review, we presented synthetic approaches for twenty-seven FDA-approved medications used to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), along with their mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayazoddin Aunoddin Kazi
- Fluoro-Agrochemicals Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - B V Subba Reddy
- Fluoro-Agrochemicals Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Chemical Sciences Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201 002, India.
| | - L Ravithej Singh
- Fluoro-Agrochemicals Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Chemical Sciences Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201 002, India.
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67
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Gómez-Rosero JA, Cáceres-Galvis C, Ascuntar J, Atencia C, Vallejo CE, Jaimes F. Biomarkers as a Prognostic Factor in COPD Exacerbation: A Cohort Study. COPD 2021; 18:325-332. [PMID: 33970730 DOI: 10.1080/15412555.2021.1922370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) are one of the main causes of hospitalization and morbimortality in the adult population. There are not many tools available to predict the clinical course of these patients during exacerbations. Our goal was to estimate the clinical utility of C Reactive Protein (CRP), Mean Platelet Volume (MPV), eosinophil count and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as in-hospital prognostic factors in patients with AECOPD. A prospective cohort study was conducted in patients who consulted three reference hospitals in the city of Medellín for AECOPD and who required hospitalization between 2017 and 2020. A multivariate analysis was performed to estimate the effect of biomarkers in the two primary outcomes: the composite outcome of in-hospital death and/or admission to the ICU and hospital length-of-stay. A total of 610 patients with a median age of 74 years were included; 15% were admitted to the ICU and 3.9% died in the hospital. In the multivariate analysis adjusted for confounding variables, the only marker significantly associated with the risk of dying or being admitted to the ICU was the NLR > 5 (OR: 3; CI95%: 1.5; 6). Similarly, the NLR > 5 was also associated to a lower probability of being discharged alive from the institution (SHR: 0.73; CI95%: 0.57; 0.94) and, therefore, a longer hospital stay. It was found that a neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio greater than 5 is a strong predictor of mortality or ICU admissions and a longer hospital stay in patients hospitalized with AECOPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime A Gómez-Rosero
- Internal Medicine Department, Medical School, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.,Medical Division, Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Camilo Cáceres-Galvis
- Internal Medicine Department, Medical School, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.,Medical Division, Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Johana Ascuntar
- GRAEPIC - Clinical Epidemiology Academic Group (Grupo Académico de Epidemiología Clínica), University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Carlos Atencia
- Internal Medicine Department, Medical School, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.,Medical Division, Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Carlos E Vallejo
- Internal Medicine Department, Medical School, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.,Medical Division, IPS Universitaria León XIII, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Fabián Jaimes
- Internal Medicine Department, Medical School, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.,GRAEPIC - Clinical Epidemiology Academic Group (Grupo Académico de Epidemiología Clínica), University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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68
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Bertho N, Meurens F. The pig as a medical model for acquired respiratory diseases and dysfunctions: An immunological perspective. Mol Immunol 2021; 135:254-267. [PMID: 33933817 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
By definition no model is perfect, and this also holds for biology and health sciences. In medicine, murine models are, and will be indispensable for long, thanks to their reasonable cost and huge choice of transgenic strains and molecular tools. On the other side, non-human primates remain the best animal models although their use is limited because of financial and obvious ethical reasons. In the field of respiratory diseases, specific clinical models such as sheep and cotton rat for bronchiolitis, or ferret and Syrian hamster for influenza and Covid-19, have been successfully developed, however, in these species, the toolbox for biological analysis remains scarce. In this view the porcine medical model is appearing as the third, intermediate, choice, between murine and primate. Herein we would like to present the pros and cons of pig as a model for acquired respiratory conditions, through an immunological point of view. Indeed, important progresses have been made in pig immunology during the last decade that allowed the precise description of immune molecules and cell phenotypes and functions. These progresses might allow the use of pig as clinical model of human respiratory diseases but also as a species of interest to perform basic research explorations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - François Meurens
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N5E3, Canada
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Wang Z, Liang W, Ma C, Wang J, Gao X, Wei L. Macrophages Inhibit Ciliary Protein Levels by Secreting BMP-2 Leading to Airway Epithelial Remodeling Under Cigarette Smoke Exposure. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:663987. [PMID: 33981724 PMCID: PMC8107431 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.663987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic respiratory disease with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. So far, smoking is still its leading cause. The characteristics of COPD are emphysema and airway remodeling, as well as chronic inflammation, which were predominated by macrophages. Some studies have reported that macrophages were involved in emphysema and chronic inflammation, but whether there is a link between airway remodeling and macrophages remains unclear. In this study, we found that both acute and chronic cigarette smoke exposure led to an increase of macrophages in the lung and a decrease of ciliated cells in the airway epithelium of a mouse model. The results of in vitro experiments showed that the ciliary protein (β-tubulin-IV) levels of BEAS-2B cells could be inhibited when co-cultured with human macrophage line THP-1, and the inhibitory effect was augmented with the stimulation of cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Based on the results of transcriptome sequencing, we focused on the protein, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), secreted by the macrophage, which might mediate this inhibitory effect. Further studies confirmed that BMP-2 protein inhibited β-tubulin-IV protein levels of BEAS-2B cells under the stimulation of CSE. Coincidentally, this inhibitory effect could be nearly blocked by the BMP receptor inhibitor, LDN, or could be interfered with BMP-2 siRNA. This study suggests that activation and infiltration of macrophages in the lung induced by smoke exposure lead to a high expression of BMP-2, which in turn inhibits the ciliary protein levels of the bronchial epithelial cells, contributing to the remodeling of airway epithelium, and aggravates the development of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Wang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenzhang Liang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Cuiqing Ma
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiachao Wang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xue Gao
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lin Wei
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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70
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Qiu W, Kang N, Wu Y, Cai Y, Xiao L, Ge H, Zhu H. Mucosal Associated Invariant T Cells Were Activated and Polarized Toward Th17 in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:640455. [PMID: 33868270 PMCID: PMC8044354 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.640455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by airway limitation accompanied with infiltration of inflammatory cells. Mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells can recognize bacteria and play an important role in controlling host immune responses by producing cytokines. In this study, we characterized the function and the ability of MAIT cells to secrete cytokines measured by flow cytometry. In COPD patients, MAIT cells have the ability to produce more IL-17 and less IFN-γ compared to healthy individuals. We found that HLA-DR expression levels reflected the degree of inflammation and the proportion of IL-17 was significantly correlated with lung function in peripheral blood. In addition, we found that MAIT cells were highly expressed in the lung, and the increased expression of CXCR2, CXCL1 indicated that MAIT cells had the potential to migrate to inflammatory tissues. This evidence implies that MAIT cells may play a potential role in COPD immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Qiu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Huadong Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Kang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huadong Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanxu Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Huadong Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjun Cai
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Huadong Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Huadong Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Ge
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Huadong Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huili Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Huadong Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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71
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David B, Bafadhel M, Koenderman L, De Soyza A. Eosinophilic inflammation in COPD: from an inflammatory marker to a treatable trait. Thorax 2021; 76:188-195. [PMID: 33122447 PMCID: PMC7815887 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The heterogeneity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) creates many diagnostic, prognostic, treatment and management challenges, as the pathogenesis of COPD is highly complex and the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. A reliable, easy-to-measure, clinically relevant biomarker would be invaluable for improving outcomes for patients. International and national guidance for COPD suggests using blood eosinophil counts as a biomarker to help estimate likely responsiveness to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and, potentially, to aid effective management strategies. However, with the mechanism underlying the association between higher eosinophil levels and ICS effect unknown, use of the blood eosinophil count in COPD continues to be widely debated by the respiratory community.Two international meetings involving respiratory medicine specialists, immunologists and primary and secondary care clinicians were held in November 2018 and March 2019, facilitated and funded by GlaxoSmithKline plc. The aims of these meetings were to explore the role of eosinophils in the disease processes of COPD and as prognostic and diagnostic markers, and to identify areas of deficient knowledge that warrant further research. The consensus views of the attendees on key topics, contextualised with current literature, are summarised in this review article, with the aim of aiding ongoing research into the disease processes of COPD and the development of biomarkers to aid clinical management.Under certain conditions, eosinophils can be recruited to the lung, and increasing evidence supports a role for eosinophilic inflammation in some patients with COPD. Infiltration of eosinophils across the bronchial vascular epithelium into the airways is promoted by the actions of immunoregulatory cells, cytokines and chemokines, where eosinophil-mediated inflammation is driven by the release of proinflammatory mediators.Multiple studies and two meta-analyses suggest peripheral blood eosinophils may correlate positively with an increased likelihood of exacerbation reduction benefits of ICS in COPD. The studies, however, vary in design and duration and by which eosinophil levels are viewed as predictive of an ICS response. Generally, the response was seen when eosinophil levels were 100-300 cells/µL (or higher), levels which are traditionally viewed within the normal range. Some success with interleukin-5-targeted therapy suggests that the eosinophilic phenotype may be a treatable trait.The use of biomarkers could help to stratify treatment for COPD-the goal of which is to improve patient outcomes. Some evidence supports eosinophils as a potential biomarker of a treatable trait in COPD, though it is still lacking and research is ongoing. A unified consensus and a practical, accessible and affordable method of utilising any biomarker for COPD was thought to be of most importance. Challenges around its utilisation may include presenting a clear and pragmatic rationale for biomarker-driven therapy, guidance on ICS withdrawal between primary and secondary care and a lack of financial incentives supporting broad application in clinical practice. Future treatments should, perhaps, be more targeted rather than assuming the primary disease label (COPD or asthma) will define treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin David
- Research & Development, GlaxoSmithKline plc, Middlesex, UK
| | - Mona Bafadhel
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Leo Koenderman
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Center for Translational Immunology (CTI), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Antony De Soyza
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Aging and Department of Respiratory Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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72
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Roth-Walter F, Adcock IM, Benito-Villalvilla C, Bianchini R, Bjermer L, Boyman O, Caramori G, Cari L, Fan Chung K, Diamant Z, Eguiluz-Gracia I, Knol EF, Kolios A, Levi-Schaffer F, Nocentini G, Palomares O, Redegeld F, Van Esch B, Stellato C. Immune modulation via T regulatory cell enhancement: Disease-modifying therapies for autoimmunity and their potential for chronic allergic and inflammatory diseases-An EAACI position paper of the Task Force on Immunopharmacology (TIPCO). Allergy 2021; 76:90-113. [PMID: 32593226 DOI: 10.1111/all.14478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic advances using targeted biologicals and small-molecule drugs have achieved significant success in the treatment of chronic allergic, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases particularly for some patients with severe, treatment-resistant forms. This has been aided by improved identification of disease phenotypes. Despite these achievements, not all severe forms of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases are successfully targeted, and current treatment options, besides allergen immunotherapy for selected allergic diseases, fail to change the disease course. T cell-based therapies aim to cure diseases through the selective induction of appropriate immune responses following the delivery of engineered, specific cytotoxic, or regulatory T cells (Tregs). Adoptive cell therapies (ACT) with genetically engineered T cells have revolutionized the oncology field, bringing curative treatment for leukemia and lymphoma, while therapies exploiting the suppressive functions of Tregs have been developed in nononcological settings, such as in transplantation and autoimmune diseases. ACT with Tregs are also being considered in nononcological settings such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, and chronic inflammatory disorders. After describing the general features of T cell-based approaches and current applications in autoimmune diseases, this position paper reviews the experimental models testing or supporting T cell-based approaches, especially Treg-based approaches, in severe IgE-mediated responses and chronic respiratory airway diseases, such as severe asthma and COPD. Along with an assessment of challenges and unmet needs facing the application of ACT in these settings, this article underscores the potential of ACT to offer curative options for patients with severe or treatment-resistant forms of these immune-driven disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Roth-Walter
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Molecular Cell Biology Group, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Cristina Benito-Villalvilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Bianchini
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leif Bjermer
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lung and Allergy research, Allergy, Asthma and COPD Competence Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Onur Boyman
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dentistry and Morphological and Functional Imaging (BIOMORF), Respiratory Medicine Unit, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Cari
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- Experimental Studies Medicine at National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London & Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Zuzana Diamant
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Institute for Clinical Science, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen and QPS-NL, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ibon Eguiluz-Gracia
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga-Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-ARADyAL, Málaga, Spain
| | - Edward F Knol
- Departments of Immunology and Dermatology/Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Antonios Kolios
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Levi-Schaffer
- Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Giuseppe Nocentini
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Oscar Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Frank Redegeld
- Faculty of Science, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Betty Van Esch
- Faculty of Science, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cristiana Stellato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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Li M, Han GC, Chen Y, Du WX, Liu F, Chi YM, Du JF. Efficacy of oseltamivir compared with zanamivir in COPD patients with seasonal influenza virus infection: a randomized controlled trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 54:e9542. [PMID: 33263644 PMCID: PMC7695450 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20209542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Influenza viruses exacerbate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with considerable morbidity and mortality. Zanamivir and oseltamivir are effective in treating influenza. However, their efficacy in relieving influenza symptoms in COPD patients remains unknown, with the lack of controlled trials in this subject. Therefore, we conducted this randomized controlled trial to investigate the clinical efficacy of both interventions in this population. Patients were allocated to two groups (80 patients each): oseltamivir (OSELTA) and zanamivir (ZANA) groups. Oseltamivir (75 mg) was orally administered twice daily for 5 days, while zanamivir (10 mg) was inhaled twice daily for 5 days. Clinical parameters including body temperature, influenza symptoms (i.e., sore throat, cough, etc.), and serial blood tests were recorded on days 1, 3, and 7. We analyzed primary (changes in body temperature) and secondary outcomes (changes in non-specific symptoms) using the pre-protocol and intention-to-treat analyses. Differences between groups were assessed using t-test. Oseltamivir and zanamivir significantly reduced body temperature on the 3rd day after treatment; however, the number of patients who reported clinical improvement in influenza-like symptoms was significantly higher in the OSELTA group compared to the ZANA group on days 3 (85 vs 68.8%, P=0.015) and 7 (97.5 vs 83.8%, P=0.003). However, no significant changes in hematological (white blood cells and its subtypes) and inflammatory (C-reactive protein) parameters were noted (P>0.05). Our results suggested that oseltamivir and zanamivir are effective in reducing body temperature, while oseltamivir led to better clinical improvement regarding influenza-like symptoms in patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Section 1, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Guang-Chao Han
- Section 1, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Section 1, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Wen-Xiu Du
- Section 1, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Section 1, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Yu-Min Chi
- Section 1, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Jun-Feng Du
- Section 1, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
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Zhang J, Xu Z, Kong L, Gao H, Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Wan Y. miRNA-486-5p Promotes COPD Progression by Targeting HAT1 to Regulate the TLR4-Triggered Inflammatory Response of Alveolar Macrophages. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2020; 15:2991-3001. [PMID: 33244226 PMCID: PMC7683830 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s280614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the role of miRNA-486-5p in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) progression and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Materials and Methods Aberrant miRNA expression profiles between smokers and nonsmokers, and those between COPD patients and normal subjects were analyzed using microarray datasets and reverse-transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the levels of inflammatory cytokines in cell supernatants. Expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, HAT1, TLR4, and miR-486-5p, were determined using qPCR or Western blotting. Luciferase reporter assays and fluorescence in situ hybridization were used to confirm the regulatory interaction between miR-486-6p and HAT1. Results miR-486-5p was significantly upregulated in the COPD and smoker groups compared to the control group, as demonstrated using bioinformatics analysis and validated using qPCR assay of alveolar macrophages and peripheral monocytes. Moreover, miR-486-5p expression was significantly correlated with the expression of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and IFN-γ. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed that miR-486-5p directly targeted HAT1, and cellular localization showed that miR-486-5p and HAT1 were highly expressed in the cytoplasm. miR-486-5p overexpression led to a significant upregulation of TLR4 and a significant downregulation of HAT1. Inversely, miR-486-5p inhibition led to a significant downregulation of TLR4 and a significant upregulation of HAT1. HAT1 knockdown using siRNA significantly upregulated the expression of TLR4, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and IFN-γ. Conclusion miR-486-5p was differentially expressed in the alveolar macrophages of COPD patients. miR-486-5p overexpression may enhance the TLR4-triggered inflammatory response in COPD patients by targeting HAT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an 203302, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongneng Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical College and Huai'an First People's Hospital, Huai'an 223002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianhua Kong
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Gao
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an 203302, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueming Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an 203302, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulong Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an 203302, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Wan
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an 203302, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Nejman-Gryz P, Górska K, Paplińska-Goryca M, Proboszcz M, Krenke R. Periostin and Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin-Potential Crosstalk in Obstructive Airway Diseases. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E3667. [PMID: 33203095 PMCID: PMC7696351 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9113667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Periostin and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) are newly described markers of obstructive airway diseases and the mechanism by which both markers participate in immune response remains poorly understood. The aim of our study was to determine periostin and TSLP concentration in serum and induced sputum (IS) in patients with atopic asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and controls, as well as to evaluate the potential link between periostin, TSLP, and Th2 immune response. Serum and IS levels of periostin, TSLP, IL-4, and IL-13 were determined in 12 atopic asthmatics, 16 COPD sufferers, and 10 controls. We noticed a significantly higher IS periostin and TSLP concentration at protein and mRNA level in asthmatics compared to the two other groups; additionally, periostin and TSLP were correlated positively with IS eosinophil count. A strong positive correlation between IS periostin and TSLP protein levels (r = 0.96) as well as mRNA expression level (r = 0.95) was found in patients with asthma. The results of our study show that periostin and TSLP are associated with eosinophilic airway inflammation and seem to be important drivers of atopic asthma but not COPD pathobiology. Very strong correlations between local periostin, TSLP, eosinophils, and IL-4 in asthma point to the link between periostin-TSLP and Th2 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Nejman-Gryz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.G.); (M.P.-G.); (M.P.); (R.K.)
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Clinical characteristics of and outcomes for patients with COVID-19 and comorbid lung diseases primarily hospitalized in a conventional pulmonology unit: A retrospective study. Respir Med Res 2020; 79:100801. [PMID: 33259989 PMCID: PMC7659648 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmer.2020.100801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Scant data are currently available about a potential link between comorbid chronic lung diseases (CLD) and the risk and severity of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Methods To describe the clinical characteristics of and outcomes for patients with COVID-19 infection, including patients with comorbid respiratory diseases, who have been primarily hospitalized in the pulmonology department of Strasbourg University Hospital, France. In this retrospective, single-center study, we included all confirmed cases of COVID-19 from March 3 to April 15, 2020. We then compared the symptoms, biological and radiological findings, and outcomes for patients with and without CLD. Results Of the 124 patients that were enrolled, the median age was 62 years, and 75 patients (60%) were male. Overall, 40% of patients (n = 50) had preexisting CLD, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (n = 15, 12%) and asthma (n = 19, 15%). Twenty-eight patients were transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU), and six patients died in our unit. CLD were not predictive of ICU hospitalization, but a significantly higher total mortality was observed (17.6% vs. 5.5%, P < 0.05) in these patients. Conclusions Our results suggest the lack of an over-representation of CLD in COVID-19, representing 40% of patients in this cohort and even within a pulmonology department. CLD were not a risk factor for ICU management. However, a tendency to higher global mortality was observed in COVID-19 patients with CLD. Further studies are warranted to determine the risk of COVID-19 for patients with comorbid CLD.
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Rong B, Fu T, Rong C, Liu W, Li K, Liu H. Association between serum CCL-18 and IL-23 concentrations and disease progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17756. [PMID: 33082377 PMCID: PMC7576212 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73903-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association between serum concentrations of chemokine (C-C Motif) ligand 18 (CCL-18) and interleukin 23 (IL-23) and clinical parameters of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The serum concentrations of CCL-18 and IL-23 were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The association between their concentrations and clinical parameters of COPD patients were analyzed by linear regression, logistic regression and ROC curve. The results showed that the serum concentrations of CCL-18 and IL-23 in COPD patients were increased compared with healthy people (P < 0.001) and that patients with acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) had higher serum CCL-18 and IL-23 concentrations than stable patients (P < 0.001). Synergistic increase of CCL-18 and IL-23 in COPD patients was positively correlated with COPD patients' higher GOLD grade (P < 0.001), higher mMRC score (P < 0.001) and longer medical history (P < 0.001), but negatively correlated with the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) (P < 0.001) and FEV1% predicted (P < 0.001). The serum concentrations of CCL-18 and IL-23 were most related to the GOLD grade (OR = 2.764 for CCL-18 and OR = 4.215 for IL-23) and detection of both showed considerable sensitivity (72.57% for CCL-18 and 76.92% for IL-23) and specificity (92.50% for CCL-18 and 77.5% for IL-23) in identifying COPD. Increased serum concentrations of CCL-18 and IL-23 correlated with the disease progression of COPD and they could be used as biomarkers for disease evaluation of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biaoxue Rong
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Medical University, 48 Fenghao West Road, Xi'an, 710077, China. .,School of Clinical Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Tian Fu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Congxue Rong
- Comprehensive Medical Department, Zhangye Second People Hospital, Zhangye, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Minqin County People's Hospital, Minqin, China
| | - Kai Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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Li J, Qin Y, Chen Y, Zhao P, Liu X, Dong H, Zheng W, Feng S, Mao X, Li C. Mechanisms of the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in alveolar epithelial cell/macrophage co-culture. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:76. [PMID: 32968433 PMCID: PMC7500047 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between alveolar epithelial cells (EpCs) and macrophages (MPs) serves an important role in initiating and maintaining inflammation in chronic pulmonary diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms of the inflammatory response in co-cultured EpCs and MPs. Briefly, a co-culture system of A549 (EpCs) and THP-1 (monocyte/MPs) cells was established in a filter-separated Transwell plate to evaluate the inflammatory response. Following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment, cytokine levels were measured using ELISAs, NF-κB transcription factor activity was detected using EMSA and protein expression levels were analyzed using Western blot assays subsequently in EpCs and MPs. Co-cultured EpCs/MPs were found to secrete increased levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α following LPS exposure for 6, 12, 24 and 48 h compared with either EpC or MP monocultures. Concurrently, NF-κB was revealed to be activated in MPs at 6 and 12 h, and in EpCs at 24 h. NF-κB DNA binding, Toll-like receptor 4 expression levels and the p65 phosphorylation status were also increased, which may contribute to the inflammatory response in the EpC/MP co-cultures. Notably, cytokine levels decreased following the inhibition of NF-κB expression with pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate. In conclusion, the present study successfully established an EpC/MP co-culture system using LPS, which may be a useful model for studying chronic inflammation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansheng Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, P.R. China.,Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, P.R. China
| | - Yanqin Qin
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, P.R. China.,Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, P.R. China
| | - Yulong Chen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, P.R. China.,Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, P.R. China.,Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, P.R. China
| | - Xuefang Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, P.R. China.,Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, P.R. China
| | - Haoran Dong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, P.R. China.,Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, P.R. China
| | - Wanchun Zheng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, P.R. China.,Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, P.R. China
| | - Suxiang Feng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, P.R. China.,Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoning Mao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, P.R. China.,Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, P.R. China
| | - Congcong Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, P.R. China.,Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, P.R. China
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Raftery AL, Tsantikos E, Harris NL, Hibbs ML. Links Between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2144. [PMID: 33042125 PMCID: PMC7517908 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, respectively. These mucosal tissues bear commonalities in embryology, structure and physiology. Inherent similarities in immune responses at the two sites, as well as overlapping environmental risk factors, help to explain the increase in prevalence of IBD amongst COPD patients. Over the past decade, a tremendous amount of research has been conducted to define the microbiological makeup of the intestine, known as the intestinal microbiota, and determine its contribution to health and disease. Intestinal microbial dysbiosis is now known to be associated with IBD where it impacts upon intestinal epithelial barrier integrity and leads to augmented immune responses and the perpetuation of chronic inflammation. While much less is known about the lung microbiota, like the intestine, it has its own distinct, diverse microflora, with dysbiosis being reported in respiratory disease settings such as COPD. Recent research has begun to delineate the interaction or crosstalk between the lung and the intestine and how this may influence, or be influenced by, the microbiota. It is now known that microbial products and metabolites can be transferred from the intestine to the lung via the bloodstream, providing a mechanism for communication. While recent studies indicate that intestinal microbiota can influence respiratory health, intestinal dysbiosis in COPD has not yet been described although it is anticipated since factors that lead to dysbiosis are similarly associated with COPD. This review will focus on the gut-lung axis in the context of IBD and COPD, highlighting the role of environmental and genetic factors and the impact of microbial dysbiosis on chronic inflammation in the intestinal tract and lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- April L Raftery
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Evelyn Tsantikos
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicola L Harris
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Margaret L Hibbs
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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80
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Luo J, Li L, Hu D, Zhang X. LINC00612/miR-31-5p/Notch1 Axis Regulates Apoptosis, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress in Human Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells Induced by Cigarette Smoke Extract. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2020; 15:2049-2060. [PMID: 32921999 PMCID: PMC7457876 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s255696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported as key regulators in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the precise role of LINC00612 remains unclear. Methods The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to quantify the expression levels of LINC00612, miR-31-5p, and Notch homolog 1 (Notch1) in lung tissues and cells. Under a cigarette smoke extract (CSE) stimulation condition, the apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry assay. Caspase-3 activity was examined with a caspase-3 activity assay kit; besides, inflammation and oxidative stress were assessed by measuring interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, glutathione/oxidized glutathione, reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase activity. The interaction relationship between miR-31-5p and LINC00612 or Notch1 was predicted by bioinformatics databases, while dual-luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation, and RNA pull-down assays were performed to confirm prediction. Eventually, the related protein expression was estimated with western blot assay. Results LINC00612 was downregulated in COPD tissues when compared with controls. Consistently, CSE inhibited LINC00612 expression in HPMECs with a dose/time-dependent method. Gain-of-function experiments indicated that the upregulation of LINC00612 could repress cell apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in HPMECs induced by CSE. In addition, miR-31-5p was negatively regulated by LINC00612 in HPMECs treated with CSE. The overexpression of miR-31-5p could abolish LINC00612-induced effects on HPMECs exposed to CSE. Importantly, LINC00612 could weaken CSE-induced cell apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in HPMECs by regulating the miR-31-5p/Notch1 signaling pathway. Conclusion Current findings suggest that CSE-mediated cell apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in HPMECs were abolished by upregulation of LINC00612. Furthermore, the LINC00612/miR-31-5p/Notch1 axis may represent a novel regulator of apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress of HPMECs, which may be a potential therapeutic target for COPD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Dujiangyan People's Hospital, Dujiangyan 611830, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Die Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Dujiangyan People's Hospital, Dujiangyan 611830, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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81
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D’Anna SE, Maniscalco M, Carriero V, Gnemmi I, Caramori G, Nucera F, Righi L, Brun P, Balbi B, Adcock IM, Stella MG, Ricciardolo FL, Di Stefano A. Evaluation of Innate Immune Mediators Related to Respiratory Viruses in the Lung of Stable COPD Patients. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061807. [PMID: 32531971 PMCID: PMC7356645 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Little is known about the innate immune response to viral infections in stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Objectives: To evaluate the innate immune mediators related to respiratory viruses in the bronchial biopsies and lung parenchyma of stable COPD patients. Methods: We evaluated the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of Toll-like receptors 3-7-8-9 (TLR-3-7-8-9), TIR domain-containing adaptor inducing IFNβ (TRIF), Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), Phospho interferon regulatory factor 3 (pIRF3), Interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7), Phospho interferon regulatory factor 7 (pIRF7), retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG1), melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5), Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DHX58 (LGP2), Mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS), Stimulator of interferon genes (STING), DNA-dependent activator of IFN regulatory factors (DAI), forkhead box protein A3(FOXA3), Interferon alfa (IFNα), and Interferon beta (IFNβ) in the bronchial mucosa of patients with mild/moderate (n = 16), severe/very severe (n = 1618) stable COPD, control smokers (CS) (n = 1612), and control non-smokers (CNS) (n = 1612). We performed similar IHC analyses in peripheral lung from COPD (n = 1612) and CS (n = 1612). IFNα and IFNβ were assessed in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) supernatant from CNS (n = 168), CS (n = 169) and mild/moderate COPD (n = 1612). Viral load, including adenovirus-B, -C, Bocavirus, Respiratory syncytial Virus (RSV), Human Rhinovirus (HRV), Coronavirus, Influenza virus A (FLU-A), Influenza virus B (FLU-B), and Parainfluenzae-1 were measured in bronchial rings and lung parenchyma of COPD patients and the related control group (CS). Results: Among the viral-related innate immune mediators, RIG1, LGP2, MAVS, STING, and DAI resulted well expressed in the bronchial and lung tissues of COPD patients, although not in a significantly different mode from control groups. Compared to CS, COPD patients showed no significant differences of viral load in bronchial rings and lung parenchyma. Conclusions: Some virus-related molecules are well-expressed in the lung tissue and bronchi of stable COPD patients independently of the disease severity, suggesting a “primed” tissue environment capable of sensing the potential viral infections occurring in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvestro E. D’Anna
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Divisione di Pneumologia Telese, Via Bagni Vecchi 1, 82037 Benevento, Italy;
| | - Mauro Maniscalco
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Divisione di Pneumologia Telese, Via Bagni Vecchi 1, 82037 Benevento, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0824-909357
| | - Vitina Carriero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, AOU San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano (Torino), Università di Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Torino, Italy; (V.C.); (F.L.M.R.)
| | - Isabella Gnemmi
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell’Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA, Società Benefit, IRCCS, Veruno, Via Revislate 13, 28010 Novara, Italy; (I.G.); (B.B.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università degli Studi di Messina, Piazza Pugliatti 1, 98122 Messina, Italy; (G.C.); (F.N.)
| | - Francesco Nucera
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università degli Studi di Messina, Piazza Pugliatti 1, 98122 Messina, Italy; (G.C.); (F.N.)
| | - Luisella Righi
- Dipartimento di Oncologia, SCDU, Anatomia Patologica, AOU, San Luigi, Orbassano, Università di Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Torino, Italy;
| | - Paola Brun
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Sezione di Istologia, Università di Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35121 Padova, Italy;
| | - Bruno Balbi
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell’Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA, Società Benefit, IRCCS, Veruno, Via Revislate 13, 28010 Novara, Italy; (I.G.); (B.B.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse St, London SW3 6LY, UK;
| | - Maria Grazia Stella
- Unità Operativa di Medicina, Ospedale G. Giglio Cefalù, Contrada Pietrapollastra, Via Pisciotto, 90015 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Fabio L.M. Ricciardolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, AOU San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano (Torino), Università di Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Torino, Italy; (V.C.); (F.L.M.R.)
| | - Antonino Di Stefano
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell’Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA, Società Benefit, IRCCS, Veruno, Via Revislate 13, 28010 Novara, Italy; (I.G.); (B.B.); (A.D.S.)
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Mechanism of YuPingFeng in the Treatment of COPD Based on Network Pharmacology. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1630102. [PMID: 32566658 PMCID: PMC7275212 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1630102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
YuPingFeng (YPF) granules are a classic herbal formula extensively used in clinical practice in China for the treatment of COPD. However, the pathological mechanisms of YPF in COPD remain undefined. In the present research, a network pharmacology-based strategy was implemented to elucidate the underlying multicomponent, multitarget, and multipathway modes of action of YPF against COPD. First, we identified putative YPF targets based on TCMSP databases and constructed a network containing interactions between putative YPF targets and known therapeutic targets of COPD. Next, two topological parameters, “degree” and “closeness,” were calculated to identify target genes in the network. The major hubs were imported to the MetaCore database for pathway enrichment analysis. In total, 23 YPF active ingredients and 83 target genes associated with COPD were identified. Through protein interaction network analysis, 26 genes were identified as major hubs due to their topological importance. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis results revealed YPF to be mainly associated with the response to glucocorticoids and steroid hormones, with apoptotic and HIF-1 signalling pathways being dominant and correlative pathways. The promising utility of YPF in the treatment of COPD has been demonstrated by a network pharmacology approach.
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83
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New Insights into the Implication of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Tissue, Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells, and Platelets during Lung Diseases. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051253. [PMID: 32357474 PMCID: PMC7287602 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, pulmonary arterial hypertension, or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis are major causes of morbidity and mortality. Complex, their physiopathology is multifactorial and includes lung mitochondrial dysfunction and enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) release, which deserves increased attention. Further, and importantly, circulating blood cells (peripheral blood mononuclear cells-(PBMCs) and platelets) likely participate in these systemic diseases. This review presents the data published so far and shows that circulating blood cells mitochondrial oxidative capacity are likely to be reduced in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but enhanced in asthma and pulmonary arterial hypertension in a context of increased oxidative stress. Besides such PBMCs or platelets bioenergetics modifications, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) changes have also been observed in patients. These new insights open exciting challenges to determine their role as biomarkers or potential guide to a new therapeutic approach in lung diseases.
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84
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Komaromy A, Reider B, Jarvas G, Guttman A. Glycoprotein biomarkers and analysis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer with special focus on serum immunoglobulin G. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 506:204-213. [PMID: 32243984 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer are two major diseases of the lung with high rate of mortality, mostly among tobacco smokers. The glycosylation patterns of various plasma proteins show significant changes in COPD and subsequent hypoxia, inflammation and lung cancer, providing promising opportunities for screening aberrant glycan structures contribute to early detection of both diseases. Glycoproteins associated with COPD and lung cancer consist of highly sialylated N-glycans, which play an important role in inflammation whereby hypoxia leads to accumulation of sialyl Lewis A and X glycans. Although COPD is an inflammatory disease, it is an independent risk factor for lung cancer. Marked decrease in galactosylation of plasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) together with increased presence of sialic acids and more complex highly branched N-glycan structures are characteristic for COPD and lung cancer. Numerous glycan biomarkers have been discovered, and analysis of glycovariants associated with COPD and lung cancer has been carried out. In this paper we review fundamental glycosylation changes in COPD and lung cancer glycoproteins, focusing on IgG to provide an opportunity to distinguish between the two diseases at the glycoprotein level with diagnostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Komaromy
- University of Pannonia, 10 Egyetem Street, Veszprem 8200, Hungary
| | - Balazs Reider
- University of Pannonia, 10 Egyetem Street, Veszprem 8200, Hungary
| | - Gabor Jarvas
- University of Pannonia, 10 Egyetem Street, Veszprem 8200, Hungary; Horváth Csaba Memorial Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences, Research Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 98 Nagyerdei Krt, Debrecen 4032, Hungary.
| | - Andras Guttman
- University of Pannonia, 10 Egyetem Street, Veszprem 8200, Hungary; Horváth Csaba Memorial Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences, Research Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 98 Nagyerdei Krt, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
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85
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Harrell CR, Miloradovic D, Sadikot R, Fellabaum C, Markovic BS, Miloradovic D, Acovic A, Djonov V, Arsenijevic N, Volarevic V. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Responsible for Beneficial Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Product "Exo-d-MAPPS" in Attenuation of Chronic Airway Inflammation. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2020; 2020:3153891. [PMID: 32257769 PMCID: PMC7109559 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3153891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), due to their potential for differentiation into alveolar epithelial cells and their immunosuppressive characteristics, are considered a new therapeutic agent in cell-based therapy of inflammatory lung disorders, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Since most of the MSC-mediated beneficent effects were the consequence of their paracrine action, herewith, we investigated the effects of a newly designed MSC-derived product "Exosome-derived Multiple Allogeneic Protein Paracrine Signaling (Exo-d-MAPPS)" in the attenuation of chronic airway inflammation by using an animal model of COPD (induced by chronic exposure to cigarette smoke (CS)) and clinical data obtained from Exo-d-MAPPS-treated COPD patients. Exo-d-MAPPS contains a high concentration of immunomodulatory factors which are capable of attenuating chronic airway inflammation, including soluble TNF receptors I and II, IL-1 receptor antagonist, and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products. Accordingly, Exo-d-MAPPS significantly improved respiratory function, downregulated serum levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-12, and IFN-γ), increased serum concentration of immunosuppressive IL-10, and attenuated chronic airway inflammation in CS-exposed mice. The cellular makeup of the lungs revealed that Exo-d-MAPPS treatment attenuated the production of inflammatory cytokines in lung-infiltrated macrophages, neutrophils, and natural killer and natural killer T cells and alleviated the antigen-presenting properties of lung-infiltrated macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). Additionally, Exo-d-MAPPS promoted the expansion of immunosuppressive IL-10-producing alternatively activated macrophages, regulatory DCs, and CD4+FoxP3+T regulatory cells in inflamed lungs which resulted in the attenuation of chronic airway inflammation. In a similar manner, as it was observed in an animal model, Exo-d-MAPPS treatment significantly improved the pulmonary status and quality of life of COPD patients. Importantly, Exo-d-MAPPS was well tolerated since none of the 30 COPD patients reported any adverse effects after Exo-d-MAPPS administration. In summing up, we believe that Exo-d-MAPPS could be considered a potentially new therapeutic agent in the treatment of chronic inflammatory lung diseases whose efficacy should be further explored in large clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Randall Harrell
- Regenerative Processing Plant, LLC, 34176 US Highway 19 N, Palm Harbor, Florida, USA
| | - Dragica Miloradovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department for Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozar Markovic Street, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ruxana Sadikot
- Emory University School of Medicine, 648 Pierce Dr. NE, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, 1670 Clairmont Rd., Decatur/Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Crissy Fellabaum
- Regenerative Processing Plant, LLC, 34176 US Highway 19 N, Palm Harbor, Florida, USA
| | - Bojana Simovic Markovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department for Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozar Markovic Street, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dragana Miloradovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department for Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozar Markovic Street, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Acovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department for Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozar Markovic Street, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Valentin Djonov
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 2 Baltzerstrasse, Switzerland
| | - Nebojsa Arsenijevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department for Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozar Markovic Street, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladislav Volarevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department for Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozar Markovic Street, Kragujevac, Serbia
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86
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Kim C, Ko Y, Jung JY, Lee JS, Rhee CK, Lee JH, Lee JH, Moon JY, Lim SY, Yoo KH, Seo JB, Oh YM, Lee SD, Park YB. Severe vitamin D deficiency is associated with emphysema progression in male patients with COPD. Respir Med 2020; 163:105890. [PMID: 32056836 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2020.105890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have an increased risk of vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D levels also correlate with lung function in patients with COPD. However, there are few reports on vitamin D deficiency and emphysema severity in COPD. This study aimed to investigate the effects of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) level on emphysema severity in male COPD patients. METHODS A total of 151 male subjects were selected from the Korean Obstructive Lung Disease (KOLD) cohort. Subjects were subdivided into four subgroups according to their baseline plasma 25-OHD level: sufficiency (≥20 ng/ml), mild deficiency (15-20 ng/ml), moderate deficiency (10-15 ng/ml), and severe deficiency (<10 ng/ml). RESULTS Baseline computed tomography (CT) emphysema indices revealed significant differences among the subgroups (p = 0.034). A statistically significant difference was also observed among the subgroups regarding change in the CT emphysema index over 3 years (p = 0.047). The annual increase in emphysema index was more prominent in the severe deficiency group (1.34% per year) than in the other groups (0.41% per year) (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that CT emphysema indices were different among the four subgroups and supports that severe vitamin D deficiency is associated with rapid progression of emphysema in male patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhwan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea; Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Yousang Ko
- Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Ji Ye Jung
- Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Seoul, South Korea; Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jae Seung Lee
- Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Chin Kook Rhee
- Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jin Hwa Lee
- Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Ji-Hyun Lee
- Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea.
| | - Ji-Yong Moon
- Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Seoul, South Korea; Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, South Korea.
| | - Seong Yong Lim
- Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Seoul, South Korea; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Kwang Ha Yoo
- Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Joon Beom Seo
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Yeon-Mok Oh
- Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Sang-Do Lee
- Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Yong Bum Park
- Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
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87
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Ma A, Wen L, Yin J, Hu Y, Yue X, Li J, Dong X, Gupta Y, Ludwig RJ, Krauss-Etschmann S, Riemekasten G, Petersen F, Yu X. Serum Levels of Autoantibodies Against Extracellular Antigens and Neutrophil Granule Proteins Increase in Patients with COPD Compared to Non-COPD Smokers. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2020; 15:189-200. [PMID: 32099344 PMCID: PMC6996218 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s235903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a highly prevalent disease leading to irreversible airflow limitation and is characterized by chronic pulmonary inflammation, obstructive bronchiolitis and emphysema. Etiologically, COPD is mediated by toxic gases and particles, eg, cigarette smoke, while the pathogenesis of the disease is largely unknown. Several lines of evidence indicate a link between COPD and autoimmunity but comprehensive studies are lacking. Methods By using a protein microarray assaying more than 19,000 human proteins we determined in this study the autoantibody profiles of COPD and non-COPD smokers. The discovery cohort included 5 COPD patients under acute exacerbation (AECOPD) and 5 age- and gender-matched non-COPD smokers. One putative candidate autoantibody, anti-lactoferrin IgG, was further investigated by using immunoblotting with a large validation cohort containing 124 healthy controls, 92 patients with AECOPD and 52 patients with stable COPD. Results We show that i) autoantigens targeted by autoantibodies with higher titers in COPD patients were enriched in extracellular regions, while those with lower titers in COPD patients were enriched in intracellular compartments. ii) levels of IgG autoantibodies against many neutrophil granule proteins were significantly higher in COPD patients than in non-COPD smokers. Furthermore, increased levels of anti-lactoferrin antibodies in COPD patients were confirmed in a cohort with a large number of samples. Conclusion The comprehensive autoantibody profiles from COPD patients established in this study demonstrated for the first time a shift in the cellular localization of antigens targeted by autoantibodies in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifang Wen
- Xiamen-Borstel Joint Laboratory of Autoimmunity, The Medical College of Xiamen University
| | - Junping Yin
- Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Members of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyang Yue
- Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Members of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Jiurong Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoru Dong
- Xiamen-Borstel Joint Laboratory of Autoimmunity, The Medical College of Xiamen University
| | - Yask Gupta
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ralf J Ludwig
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Susanne Krauss-Etschmann
- Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Members of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany.,Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universitaetzu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Frank Petersen
- Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Members of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Xinhua Yu
- Xiamen-Borstel Joint Laboratory of Autoimmunity, The Medical College of Xiamen University.,Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Members of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
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88
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Zhou Y, Xu X, Wu J, Xu L, Zhang M, Li Z, Wang D. Allyl isothiocyanate treatment alleviates chronic obstructive pulmonary disease through the Nrf2-Notch1 signaling and upregulation of MRP1. Life Sci 2020; 243:117291. [PMID: 31927049 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease with high morbidity and mortality worldwide, which can cause serious social and economic burdens. Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) is one of the most common natural isothiocyanates and has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant biological activities. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether AITC regulated Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), reactive oxide species (ROS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels via Nrf2 and Notch1 signaling pathways to treat COPD and whether there was an interaction between these two pathways. MAIN METHODS Lung function indexes and histopathological changes in mice were determined by lung function instrument and HE staining, respectively. The protein expression was analyzed using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The mRNA expression was measured by RT-PCR in human bronchial epithelial cell line 16HBE. The contents of ROS, GSH and GSSG were detected by kits in 16HBE cells. KEY FINDINGS The protein expression of Notch1, Hes1, MRP1, Nrf2, and HO-1 in lung tissues of WT mice and untransfected cells were significantly down-regulated in COPD, then significantly ameliorated in treatment groups. The protein expression of MRP1, Notch1 and Hes1 in lung tissues of Nrf2-/- mice were markedly reduced. There was a significant reduction in expression of Nrf2, HO-1 and MRP1 in si-Notch1 transfected cells. Pretreatment with AITC markedly improved oxidative stress and GSH-redox disorder in COPD. SIGNIFICANCE Our study demonstrates that there is a potential interaction between Nrf2 and Notch1 signaling pathways during treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoya Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China; Department of Pharmacy, Hospital of Armed Police of Anhui Province, Heifei 230061, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Lingling Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Zegeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China.
| | - Dianlei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China.
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89
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Liang X, Liu T, Zhang Z, Yu Z. Airway Inflammation Biomarker for Precise Management of Neutrophil-Predominant COPD. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2204:181-191. [PMID: 32710325 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0904-0_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) course can be divided into stable stage and acute exacerbation. Deepen the understanding to the function and role of airway inflammatory cells in stable COPD is important for developing new therapies to restore airway dysfunction and preventing stable stage COPD progress to acute exacerbation COPD. Neutrophil is a feature of lower airways and lung inflammation in majority COPD patients at stable stage and increased neutrophils usually means COPD patients are in a more serious stage. Neutrophil-predominant COPD always accompanied by increased numbers of macrophages, lymphocytes, and dendritic cells. The composition proportion of different inflammatory cells are changed with disease severity. Recently, neutrophilic inflammation has been proved to be correlated with the disturbance of airway resident microbiota, which promote neutrophil influx and exacerbates inflammation. Consequently, understanding the details of increased neutrophils and dysbacteriosis in COPD is necessary for making precise management strategy against neutrophil-associated COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ting Liu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyu Yu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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90
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Burkes RM, Ceppe AS, Couper DJ, Comellas AP, Wells JM, Peters SP, Criner GJ, Kanner RE, Paine R, Christenson SA, Cooper CB, Barjaktarevic IZ, Krishnan JA, Labaki WW, Han MK, Curtis JL, Hansel NN, Wise RA, Drummond MB. Plasma Cathelicidin is Independently Associated with Reduced Lung Function in COPD: Analysis of the Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome Measures in COPD Study Cohort. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASES-JOURNAL OF THE COPD FOUNDATION 2020; 7:370-381. [PMID: 33108110 DOI: 10.15326/jcopdf.7.4.2020.0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ratrionale The antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin, also known in humans as LL-37, is a defensin secreted by immune and airway epithelial cells. Deficiencies in this peptide may contribute to adverse pulmonary outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Objectives Using clinical and biological samples from the SubPopulations and InteRmediate Outcome Measures In COPD Study (SPIROMICS), we assessed the associations of plasma cathelicidin levels with cross-sectional and longitudinal COPD outcomes. Methods A total of 1609 SPIROMICS participants with COPD and available plasma samples were analyzed. Cathelicidin was modeled dichotomously (lowest quartile [< 50 ng/ml] versus highest 75% [≥ 50 ng/ml]) and continuously per 10 ng/ml. Fixed-effect multilevel regression analyses were used to assess associations between cathelicidin and cross-sectional as well as longitudinal lung function. The associations between cathelicidin and participant-reported retrospective and prospective COPD exacerbations were assessed via logistic regression. Measurements and Main Results Cathelicidin < 50 ng/ml (N=383) was associated with female sex, black race, and lower body mass index (BMI).At baseline,cathelicidin < 50 ng/ml was independently associated with 3.55% lower % predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)(95% confidence interval [CI] -6.22% to -0.88% predicted; p=0.01), while every 10 ng/ml lower cathelicidin was independently associated with 0.65% lower % predicted FEV1 (95% CI -1.01% to -0.28% predicted; p< 0.001). No independent associations with longitudinal lung function decline or participant-reported COPD exacerbations were observed. Conclusions Reduced cathelicidin is associated with lower lung function at baseline. Plasma cathelicidin may potentially identify COPD patients at increased risk for more severe lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Burkes
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Agathe S Ceppe
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - David J Couper
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Alejandro P Comellas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - J Michael Wells
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham
| | - Stephen P Peters
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Disease, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Gerard J Criner
- Division of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Richard E Kanner
- Division of Respiratory, Critical Care and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Robert Paine
- Division of Respiratory, Critical Care and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Stephanie A Christenson
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Christopher B Cooper
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Igor Z Barjaktarevic
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Jerry A Krishnan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago
| | - Wassim W Labaki
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - MeiLan K Han
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Jeffrey L Curtis
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.,Medicine Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Nadia N Hansel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert A Wise
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland
| | - M Bradley Drummond
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.,Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
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91
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van Haarst A, McGarvey L, Paglialunga S. Review of Drug Development Guidance to Treat Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: US and EU Perspectives. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2019; 106:1222-1235. [PMID: 31334840 PMCID: PMC6896238 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains a leading cause of death worldwide, yet only one new drug class has been approved in the last decade. However, resurgence in COPD treatment has been recently fueled by a greater understanding of the pathophysiology and natural history of the disease, as well as a growing prevalence and an aging population. Currently, there are nearly 25 novel drug targets in development. Furthermore, the indication has undergone some fundamental changes over the last couple of years, including an updated diagnosis paradigm, validation, and approval of patient-reported outcome questionnaires for clinical trials, and drug development tools, such as a prognostic biomarker for patient selection. In the context of clinical trials, this review aims to summarize recent changes to the diagnosis and evaluation of COPD and to provide an overview of US and European regulatory guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorcan McGarvey
- Centre for Experimental MedicineSchool of MedicineDentistry and Biomedical SciencesQueen's UniversityBelfastUK
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92
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Vitkina TI, Veremchuk LV, Mineeva EE, Gvozdenko TA, Antonyuk MV, Novgorodtseva TP, Grigorieva EA. The influence of weather and climate on patients with respiratory diseases in Vladivostok as a global health implication. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2019; 17:907-916. [PMID: 32030162 PMCID: PMC6985342 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-019-00407-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the formation of meteopathic reactions in patients with respiratory diseases under the influence of extreme weather changes in Vladivostok. METHODS The short-term meteopathic reaction in patients with respiratory diseases to the impact of "Weather Complex", consisting of nine weather parameters, on the day of patient's examination and on 1 and 2 days before the examination, was assessed. 146 acclimatized residents of Vladivostok (29 patients with chronic bronchitis, 51 patients with controlled asthma, 39 patients with uncontrolled asthma and 27 healthy volunteers) were examined. Pulmonary function (PF) was studied by spirography and by body plethysmography. RESULTS The adaptive-compensatory response of PF in patients with respiratory diseases to weather decreases depending on the disease severity, resulting in the development of meteodependence. The impact of "Weather Complex" on a human body is primarily reflected in PF, and the reaction of metabolic parameters is manifested with a 1-2 days time lag. Glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase, key factors in maintaining oxidative cell balance, play the most important role in the formation of a compensatory response to weather. In the light of the global health implication, recommendations are suggested to adjust the treatment of patients with respiratory pathology in specific conditions of abruptly changeable weather. CONCLUSIONS The maritime monsoon climate creates an additional strain on both respiratory system and systems that ensure the peroxidation balance worsening bronchopulmonary pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tat’yana I. Vitkina
- Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration – Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Lyudmila V. Veremchuk
- Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration – Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Elena E. Mineeva
- Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration – Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Tat’yana A. Gvozdenko
- Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration – Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Marina V. Antonyuk
- Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration – Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Tat’yana P. Novgorodtseva
- Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration – Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Elena A. Grigorieva
- Institute of Complex Analysis of Regional Problems Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Birobidzhan, Russian Federation
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93
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Ruggeri P, Caramori G. Interferonopathy: a potential link between innate immunity and autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of COPD. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 317:L888-L890. [PMID: 31664861 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00439.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ruggeri
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy
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94
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Ji JJ, Fan J. Discovering myeloid cell heterogeneity in the lung by means of next generation sequencing. Mil Med Res 2019; 6:33. [PMID: 31651369 PMCID: PMC6814050 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-019-0222-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The lung plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis, as it is responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Pulmonary homeostasis is maintained by a network of tissue-resident cells, including epithelial cells, endothelial cells and leukocytes. Myeloid cells of the innate immune system and epithelial cells form a critical barrier in the lung. Recently developed unbiased next generation sequencing (NGS) has revealed cell heterogeneity in the lung with respect to physiology and pathology and has reshaped our knowledge. New phenotypes and distinct gene signatures have been identified, and these new findings enhance the diagnosis and treatment of lung diseases. Here, we present a review of the new NGS findings on myeloid cells in lung development, homeostasis, and lung diseases, including acute lung injury (ALI), lung fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Ji
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jie Fan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. .,Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15240, USA. .,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
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95
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Nader CP, Cidem A, Verrills NM, Ammit AJ. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A): a key phosphatase in the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to lung cancer. Respir Res 2019; 20:222. [PMID: 31623614 PMCID: PMC6798356 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1192-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) has the highest relative risk of development as a comorbidity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The molecular mechanisms that mediate chronic inflammation and lung function impairment in COPD have been identified in LC. This suggests the two diseases are more linked than once thought. Emerging data in relation to a key phosphatase, protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), and its regulatory role in inflammatory and tumour suppression in both disease settings suggests that it may be critical in the progression of COPD to LC. In this review, we uncover the importance of the functional and active PP2A holoenzyme in the context of both diseases. We describe PP2A inactivation via direct and indirect means and explore the actions of two key PP2A endogenous inhibitors, cancerous inhibitor of PP2A (CIP2A) and inhibitor 2 of PP2A (SET), and the role they play in COPD and LC. We explain how dysregulation of PP2A in COPD creates a favourable inflammatory micro-environment and promotes the initiation and progression of tumour pathogenesis. Finally, we highlight PP2A as a druggable target in the treatment of COPD and LC and demonstrate the potential of PP2A re-activation as a strategy to halt COPD disease progression to LC. Although further studies are required to elucidate if PP2A activity in COPD is a causal link for LC progression, studies focused on the potential of PP2A reactivating agents to reduce the risk of LC formation in COPD patients will be pivotal in improving clinical outcomes for both COPD and LC patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra P Nader
- Woolcock Emphysema Centre, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Aylin Cidem
- Woolcock Emphysema Centre, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicole M Verrills
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation & Translation, Faculty of Health & Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Alaina J Ammit
- Woolcock Emphysema Centre, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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96
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Autoantibodies in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review. Immunol Lett 2019; 214:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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97
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Wu X, van Dijk EM, Ng-Blichfeldt JP, Bos IST, Ciminieri C, Königshoff M, Kistemaker LEM, Gosens R. Mesenchymal WNT-5A/5B Signaling Represses Lung Alveolar Epithelial Progenitors. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101147. [PMID: 31557955 PMCID: PMC6829372 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents a worldwide concern with high morbidity and mortality, and is believed to be associated with accelerated ageing of the lung. Alveolar abnormalities leading to emphysema are a key characteristic of COPD. Pulmonary alveolar epithelial type 2 cells (AT2) produce surfactant and function as progenitors for type 1 cells. Increasing evidence shows elevated WNT-5A/B expression in ageing and in COPD that may contribute to the disease process. However, supportive roles for WNT-5A/B in lung regeneration were also reported in different studies. Thus, we explored the role of WNT-5A/B on alveolar epithelial progenitors (AEPs) in more detail. We established a Precision-Cut-Lung Slices (PCLS) model and a lung organoid model by co-culturing epithelial cells (EpCAM+/CD45-/CD31-) with fibroblasts in matrigel in vitro to study the impact of WNT-5A and WNT-5B. Our results show that WNT-5A and WNT-5B repress the growth of epithelial progenitors with WNT-5B preferentially restraining the growth and differentiation of alveolar epithelial progenitors. We provide evidence that both WNT-5A and WNT-5B negatively regulate the canonical WNT signaling pathway in alveolar epithelium. Taken together, these findings reveal the functional impact of WNT-5A/5B signaling on alveolar epithelial progenitors in the lung, which may contribute to defective alveolar repair in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Wu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Eline M van Dijk
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - John-Poul Ng-Blichfeldt
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - I Sophie T Bos
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Chiara Ciminieri
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, CO 80045 Aurora, USA.
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, CO 80045 Aurora, USA.
| | - Loes E M Kistemaker
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Aquilo BV, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
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98
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van Eeden SF, Hogg JC. Immune-Modulation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Current Concepts and Future Strategies. Respiration 2019; 99:550-565. [PMID: 31480060 DOI: 10.1159/000502261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is caused by the chronic inhalation of toxic particles and gases that are primarily but not exclusively derived from cigarette smoke that may be either actively or passively inhaled, which initiates a persistent innate and adaptive immune response in the lung. This immune response is associated with an aberrant tissue repair and remodeling process that results in varying degrees of chronic inflammation with excess production of mucus in the central airways and permanent destruction of the smaller conducting airways and gas exchanging surface in the peripheral lung. Currently, the primary aims of treatment in COPD are bronchodilation (inhaled short- and long-acting β-agonist and antimuscarinic therapies), to control symptoms and nonspecific broad-acting anti-inflammatory agents (inhaled and oral corticosteroids, phosphor-di-esterase inhibitors, and macrolides). That provide symptomatic relief but have little or no impact on either disease progression or mortality. As our understanding of the immune pathogenesis of the COPD improves, available immune modulation therapies have the potential to alter or interfere with damaging immune pathways, thereby slowing relentless progression of lung tissue destruction. The purpose of this brief review is to discuss our current understanding of the immune pathogenesis of both the airways and parenchymal injury as well as the dysfunctional tissue repair process to propose immune modulating interventions in an attempt to stabilize or return these pathological changes to their normal state. The ultimate goal of the immune modulation therapy is to improve both morbidity and mortality associated with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan F van Eeden
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, .,Pacific Lung Health Centre, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,
| | - James C Hogg
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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99
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Vitenberga Z, Pilmane M, Babjoniševa A. An Insight into COPD Morphopathogenesis: Chronic Inflammation, Remodeling, and Antimicrobial Defense. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55080496. [PMID: 31426487 PMCID: PMC6723364 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55080496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Intercellular signaling networks with high complexity cause a spectrum of mechanisms achieving chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that still question many uncertainties. Materials and Methods: Immunoreactive cells in bronchial tissue obtained from 40 COPD patients and 49 healthy control subjects were detected by biotin-streptavidin immunohistochemistry method for the following markers of IL-1α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-α, MMP-2, TIMP-2, TGF-β1, Hsp−70, hBD−2, hBD−3, hBD−4. Results: Overall the highest numbers (from mostly moderate (++) to abundance (++++)) of IL-1α, IL-4, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, MMP-2, TIMP-2, TGF-β1 immunoreactive cells were marked increasingly in the blood vessel wall, connective tissue, and bronchial epithelium of COPD-affected lung, respectively. We found statistically significant (p < 0.05) higher numbers of immunoreactive cells positive for all of examined interleukins, TNF-α, MMP-2, TIMP-2, TGF-β1, hBD-2, and hBD-3 in the COPD-affected lung compared to the control group, but not for Hsp-70 and hBD-4. Conclusions: COPD-affected lung tissue exhibits mostly inflammatory response patterns of increased IL-1α, IL-4, IL-8, IL-12, and TNF-α, especially in the airway epithelium. Increased MMP-2 and TGF-β1, but decreased Hsp-70, proposes pronounced tissue damage and remodeling in COPD. High numbers of hBD-2 and hBD-3 immunoreactive cells may highlight antimicrobial activity in COPD within stable regulation of local immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zane Vitenberga
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradins University, Kronvalda Boulevard 9, LV-1010 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Māra Pilmane
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradins University, Kronvalda Boulevard 9, LV-1010 Riga, Latvia
| | - Aurika Babjoniševa
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradins University, Kronvalda Boulevard 9, LV-1010 Riga, Latvia
- Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Pilsonu street 13, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia
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100
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Brightling C, Greening N. Airway inflammation in COPD: progress to precision medicine. Eur Respir J 2019; 54:13993003.00651-2019. [PMID: 31073084 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00651-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and its prevalence is increasing. Airway inflammation is a consistent feature of COPD and is implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of COPD, but anti-inflammatory therapy is not first-line treatment. The inflammation has many guises and phenotyping this heterogeneity has revealed different patterns. Neutrophil-associated COPD with activation of the inflammasome, T1 and T17 immunity is the most common phenotype with eosinophil-associated T2-mediated immunity in a minority and autoimmunity observed in more severe disease. Biomarkers have enabled targeted anti-inflammatory strategies and revealed that corticosteroids are most effective in those with evidence of eosinophilic inflammation, whereas, in contrast to severe asthma, response to anti-interleukin-5 biologicals in COPD has been disappointing, with smaller benefits for the same intensity of eosinophilic inflammation questioning its role in COPD. Biological therapies beyond T2-mediated inflammation have not demonstrated benefit and in some cases increased risk of infection, suggesting that neutrophilic inflammation and inflammasome activation might be largely driven by bacterial colonisation and dysbiosis. Herein we describe current and future biomarker approaches to assess inflammation in COPD and how this might reveal tractable approaches to precision medicine and unmask important host-environment interactions leading to airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Brightling
- Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Dept of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Neil Greening
- Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Dept of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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