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Mizutani N, Okochi Y, Okamura Y. Distinct functional properties of two electrogenic isoforms of the SLC34 Na-Pi cotransporter. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14156. [PMID: 31342668 PMCID: PMC6656865 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inorganic phosphate (Pi ) is crucial for proper cellular function in all organisms. In mammals, type II Na-Pi cotransporters encoded by members of the Slc34 gene family play major roles in the maintenance of Pi homeostasis. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating Na-Pi cotransporter activity within the plasma membrane are largely unknown. In the present study, we used two approaches to examine the effect of changing plasma membrane phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2 ) levels on the activities of two electrogenic Na-Pi cotransporters, NaPi-IIa and NaPi-IIb. To deplete plasma membrane PI(4,5)P2 in Xenopus oocytes, we utilized Ciona intestinalis voltage-sensing phosphatase (Ci-VSP), which dephosphorylates PI(4,5)P2 to phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI(4)P). Upon activation of Ci-VSP, NaPi-IIb currents were significantly decreased, whereas NaPi-IIa currents were unaffected. We also used the rapamycin-inducible Pseudojanin (PJ) system to deplete both PI(4,5)P2 and PI(4)P from the plasma membrane of cultured Neuro 2a cells. Depletion of PI(4,5)P2 and PI(4)P using PJ significantly reduced NaPi-IIb activity, but NaPi-IIa activity was unaffected, which excluded the possibility that NaPi-IIa is equally sensitive to PI(4,5)P2 and PI(4)P. These results indicate that NaPi-IIb activity is regulated by PI(4,5)P2 , whereas NaPi-IIa is not sensitive to either PI(4,5)P2 or PI(4)P. In addition, patch clamp recording of NaPi-IIa and NaPi-IIb currents in cultured mammalian cells enabled kinetic analysis with higher temporal resolution, revealing their distinct kinetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki Mizutani
- Laboratory of Integrative PhysiologyDepartment of PhysiologyGraduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversitySuitaOsakaJapan
| | - Yoshifumi Okochi
- Laboratory of Integrative PhysiologyDepartment of PhysiologyGraduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversitySuitaOsakaJapan
| | - Yasushi Okamura
- Laboratory of Integrative PhysiologyDepartment of PhysiologyGraduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversitySuitaOsakaJapan
- Graduate School of Frontier BiosciencesOsaka UniversitySuitaOsakaJapan
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52
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Lacerda-Abreu MA, Russo-Abrahão T, Cosentino-Gomes D, Nascimento MTC, Carvalho-Kelly LF, Gomes T, Rodrigues MF, König S, Rumjanek FD, Monteiro RQ, Meyer-Fernandes JR. H +-dependent inorganic phosphate transporter in breast cancer cells: Possible functions in the tumor microenvironment. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:2180-2188. [PMID: 31034992 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment has a high concentration of inorganic phosphate (Pi), which is actually a marker for tumor progression. Regarding Pi another class of transporter has been recently studied, an H+-dependent Pi transporter, that is stimulated at acidic pH in Caco2BBE human intestinal cells. In this study, we characterized the H+-dependent Pi transport in breast cancer cell (MDA-MB-231) and around the cancer tissue. MDA-MB-231 cell line presented higher levels of H+-dependent Pi transport as compared to other breast cell lines, such as MCF-10A, MCF-7 and T47-D. The Pi transport was linear as a function of time and exhibited a Michaelis-Menten kinetic of Km = 1.387 ± 0.1674 mM Pi and Vmax = 198.6 ± 10.23 Pi × h-1 × mg protein-1 hence reflecting a low affinity Pi transport. H+-dependent Pi uptake was higher at acidic pH. FCCP, Bafilomycin A1 and SCH28080, which deregulate the intracellular levels of protons, inhibited the H+-dependent Pi transport. No effect on pHi was observed in the absence of inorganic phosphate. PAA, an H+-dependent Pi transport inhibitor, reduced the Pi transport activity, cell proliferation, adhesion, and migration. Arsenate, a structural analog of Pi, inhibited the Pi transport. At high Pi conditions, the H+-dependent Pi transport was five-fold higher than the Na+-dependent Pi transport, thus reflecting a low affinity Pi transport. The occurrence of an H+-dependent Pi transporter in tumor cells may endow them with an alternative path for Pi uptake in situations in which Na+-dependent Pi transport is saturated within the tumor microenvironment, thus regulating the energetically expensive tumor processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Antonio Lacerda-Abreu
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thais Russo-Abrahão
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniela Cosentino-Gomes
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Michelle Tanny Cunha Nascimento
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Carvalho-Kelly
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tainá Gomes
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Sandra König
- Instituto de Ciência Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Franklin David Rumjanek
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Robson Q Monteiro
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Meyer-Fernandes
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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53
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Wagner CA, Rubio-Aliaga I, Hernando N. Renal phosphate handling and inherited disorders of phosphate reabsorption: an update. Pediatr Nephrol 2019; 34:549-559. [PMID: 29275531 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-017-3873-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Renal phosphate handling critically determines plasma phosphate and whole body phosphate levels. Filtered phosphate is mostly reabsorbed by Na+-dependent phosphate transporters located in the brush border membrane of the proximal tubule: NaPi-IIa (SLC34A1), NaPi-IIc (SLC34A3), and Pit-2 (SLC20A2). Here we review new evidence for the role and relevance of these transporters in inherited disorders of renal phosphate handling. The importance of NaPi-IIa and NaPi-IIc for renal phosphate reabsorption and mineral homeostasis has been highlighted by the identification of mutations in these transporters in a subset of patients with infantile idiopathic hypercalcemia and patients with hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria. Both diseases are characterized by disturbed calcium homeostasis secondary to elevated 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D3 as a consequence of hypophosphatemia. In vitro analysis of mutated NaPi-IIa or NaPi-IIc transporters suggests defective trafficking underlying disease in most cases. Monoallelic pathogenic mutations in both SLC34A1 and SLC34A3 appear to be very frequent in the general population and have been associated with kidney stones. Consistent with these findings, results from genome-wide association studies indicate that variants in SLC34A1 are associated with a higher risk to develop kidney stones and chronic kidney disease, but underlying mechanisms have not been addressed to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten A Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland. .,National Center for Competence in Research (NCCR) Kidney.CH, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Isabel Rubio-Aliaga
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.,National Center for Competence in Research (NCCR) Kidney.CH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nati Hernando
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.,National Center for Competence in Research (NCCR) Kidney.CH, Zurich, Switzerland
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54
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[Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 - the medicinal yeast improves intestinal enzyme function]. MMW Fortschr Med 2019; 161:20-24. [PMID: 30895510 DOI: 10.1007/s15006-019-0290-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 is a probiotic medicinal yeast used in the prevention and treatment of diarrhea. It has numerous effects, i. a. immunological and antitoxin effects, it binds pathogens and has a beneficial effect on the intestinal microbiota. In addition, pronounced trophic effects were detected. METHOD The focus of this review is on the effects of S. boulardii CNCM I-745 on digestive enzymes located in the brush border membrane. An important role in this context is attributed to polyamines which are synthesized and secreted by S. boulardii CNCM I-745. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Polyamines are essential for cell proliferation and differentiation. They enhance the expression of intestinal enzymes as well as nutrient transport systems and directly influence the nucleic acid binding capacity. S. boulardii CNCM I-745 induces signals via mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades (MAP kinase pathway) and influences the PI3 kinase signaling pathway. Furthermore, S. boulardii CNCM I-745 secretes certain enzymes that promote nutrient delivery to both the yeast itself and the host organism. The increased presence of digestive enzymes obviously contributes significantly to the clinical effect of S. boulardii CNCM I-745.
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55
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Role of the putative PKC phosphorylation sites of the type IIc sodium-dependent phosphate transporter in parathyroid hormone regulation. Clin Exp Nephrol 2019; 23:898-907. [DOI: 10.1007/s10157-019-01725-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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56
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Kang SJ, Lee R, Kim HS. Infantile hypercalcemia with novel compound heterozygous mutation in SLC34A1 encoding renal sodium-phosphate cotransporter 2a: a case report. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2019; 24:64-67. [PMID: 30943683 PMCID: PMC6449619 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2019.24.1.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia is characterized by hypercalcemia, dehydration, vomiting, and failure to thrive, and it is due to mutations in 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1). Recently, mutations in sodium-phosphate cotransporter (SLC34A1) expressed in the kidney were discovered as an additional cause of idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia. This report describes a female infant admitted for evaluation of nephrocalcinosis. She presented with hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, low intact parathyroid hormone level, and high 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 level. Exome sequencing identified novel compound heterozygous mutations in SLC34A1 (c.1337G>A, c.1483C>T). The patient was treated with fluids for hydration, furosemide, a corticosteroid, and restriction of calcium/vitamin D intake. At the age of 7 months, the patient's calcium level was within the normal range, and hypercalciuria waxed and waned. Renal echogenicity improved on the follow-up ultrasonogram, and developmental delay was not noted. In cases of hypercalcemia with subsequent hypercalciuria, DNA analysis for SLC34A1 gene mutations and CYP24A1 gene mutations should be performed. Further studies are required to obtain long-term data on hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Heung Sik Kim
- Address for correspondence: Heung Sik Kim, MD, PhD Department of Pediatrics, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, 56 Dalseong-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41931, Korea Tel: +82-53-250-7516 Fax: +82-53-250-7833 E-mail:
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57
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Abstract
Hypophosphatemic rickets, mostly of the X-linked dominant form caused by pathogenic variants of the PHEX gene, poses therapeutic challenges with consequences for growth and bone development and portends a high risk of fractions and poor bone healing, dental problems and nephrolithiasis/nephrocalcinosis. Conventional treatment consists of PO4 supplements and calcitriol requiring monitoring for treatment-emergent adverse effects. FGF23 measurement, where available, has implications for the differential diagnosis of hypophosphatemia syndromes and, potentially, treatment monitoring. Newer therapeutic modalities include calcium sensing receptor modulation (cinacalcet) and biological molecules targeting FGF23 or its receptors. Their long-term effects must be compared with those of conventional treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Bitzan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Boulevard Décarie, Room B RC.6164, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Paul R Goodyer
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Boulevard Décarie, Room EM1.2232, Montreal, Quebec H4A3J1, Canada
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58
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Oliveira B, Unwin R, Walsh SB. Inherited proximal tubular disorders and nephrolithiasis. Urolithiasis 2019; 47:35-42. [PMID: 30673801 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-018-01103-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The proximal tubule is responsible for reclaiming water, phosphates and amino acids from the tubular filtrate. There are genetic defects in both phosphate and amino acid transporters leading to nephrolithiasis. This review also explores genetic defects in regulators of phosphate and calcium transport in this nephron segment that lead to stone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Oliveira
- Royal Free Hospital/Medical School, Centre for Nephrology, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Robert Unwin
- Royal Free Hospital/Medical School, Centre for Nephrology, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, UK.,AstraZeneca IMED ECD CVRM R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stephen B Walsh
- Royal Free Hospital/Medical School, Centre for Nephrology, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, UK.
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59
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Abstract
Phosphate is essential for skeletal mineralization, and its chronic deficiency leads to rickets and osteomalacia. Skeletal mineralization starts in matrix vesicles (MVs) derived from the plasma membrane of osteoblasts and chondrocytes. MVs contain high activity of tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP), which hydrolyzes phosphoric esters such as pyrophosphates (PPi) to produce inorganic orthophosphates (Pi). Extracellular Pi in the skeleton is taken up by MVs through type III sodium/phosphate (Na+/Pi) cotransporters and forms hydroxyapatite. In addition to its roles in MV-mediated skeletal mineralization, accumulating evidence has revealed that extracellular Pi evokes signal transduction and regulates cellular function. Pi induces apoptosis of hypertrophic chondrocytes, which is a critical step for endochondral ossification. Extracellular Pi also regulates the expression of various genes including those related to proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization. In vitro cell studies have demonstrated that an elevation in extracellular Pi level leads to the activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), Raf/MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase)/ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) pathway, where the type III Na+/Pi cotransporter PiT-1 may be involved. Responsiveness of skeletal cells to extracellular Pi suggests their ability to sense and adapt to an alteration in Pi availability in their environment. Involvement of FGFR in the Pi-evoked signal transduction is interesting because enhanced FGFR signaling in osteoblasts/osteocytes might be responsible for the overproduction of FGF23, a key molecule in phosphate homeostasis, in a mouse model for human X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH). Impaired Pi sensing may be a pathogenesis of XLH, which needs to be clarified in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshimi Michigami
- Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Izumi, Japan
- *Correspondence: Toshimi Michigami
| | - Keiichi Ozono
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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60
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Bao Z, Chen L, Guo S. Knockdown of SLC34A2 inhibits cell proliferation, metastasis, and elevates chemosensitivity in glioma. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:10205-10214. [PMID: 30592329 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Solute carrier 34 A2 (SLC34A2) is a member of SLC34 family that is a group of phosphate transporters. SLC34A2 has been reported to play critical roles in tumorigenesis and progression. However, the researches about the biological roles of SLC34A2 in glioma have not yet been reported. In this study, we analyzed the expression patterns of SLC34A2 in clinical glioma tumor tissues and cell lines. The results demonstrated that SLC34A2 was generally overexpressed in both glioma tissues and cell lines. To further investigate the roles of SLC34A2 in glioma, lentivirus containing specific SLC34A2 short hairpin RNA (sh-SLC34A2) was used to infect glioma cell lines U251 and U87 for the knockdown of SLC34A2. The following studies proved that SLC34A2 knockdown exhibited suppressive effects on cell proliferation and migration/invasion. SLC34A2 knockdown also inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype, as evidenced by the increased E-cadherin expression, and the decreased N-cadherin and fibronectin expressions. Besides, knockdown of SLC34A2 enhanced the temozolomide (TMZ) sensitivity of U251 and U87 cells. In vivo tumorigenicity assay demonstrated that SLC34A2 knockdown inhibited tumor growth. Moreover, SLC34A2 knockdown suppressed the activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in U87 cells. GW2974 (EGFR inhibitor) increased SLC34A2 knockdown-inhibited cell proliferation, migration/invasion, as well as enhanced SLC34A2 knockdown-increased the TMZ sensitivity of glioma cells. These findings suggested that SLC34A2 might be a new potential therapeutic target for the therapy of glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lihua Chen
- The Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, The PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shiwen Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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61
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Palsson R, Indridason OS, Edvardsson VO, Oddsson A. Genetics of common complex kidney stone disease: insights from genome-wide association studies. Urolithiasis 2018; 47:11-21. [PMID: 30523390 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-018-1094-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Kidney stone disease is a common disorder in Western countries that is associated with significant suffering, morbidity, and cost for the healthcare system. Numerous studies have demonstrated familial aggregation of nephrolithiasis and a twin study estimated the heritability to be 56%. Over the past decade, genome-wide association studies have uncovered several sequence variants that confer increased risk of common complex kidney stone disease. The first reported variants were observed at the CLDN14 locus in the Icelandic population. This finding has since been replicated in other populations. The CLDN14 gene is expressed in tight junctions of the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, where the protein is believed to play a role in regulation of calcium transport. More recent studies have uncovered variants at the ALPL, SLC34A1, CASR, and TRPV5 loci, the first two genes playing a role in renal handling of phosphate, while the latter two are involved in calcium homeostasis. Although genetic data have provided insights into the molecular basis of kidney stone disease, much remains to be learned about the contribution of genetic factors to stone formation. Nevertheless, the progress made in recent years indicates that exciting times lie ahead in genetic research on kidney stone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runolfur Palsson
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland. .,Division of Nephrology, Internal Medicine Services, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Olafur S Indridason
- Division of Nephrology, Internal Medicine Services, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Vidar O Edvardsson
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Children's Medical Center, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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62
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Beck L. Expression and function of Slc34 sodium-phosphate co-transporters in skeleton and teeth. Pflugers Arch 2018; 471:175-184. [PMID: 30511265 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2240-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Under normal physiological condition, the biomineralization process is limited to skeletal tissues and teeth and occurs throughout the individual's life. Biomineralization is an actively regulated process involving the progressive mineralization of the extracellular matrix secreted by osteoblasts in bone or odontoblasts and ameloblasts in tooth. Although the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of calcium-phosphate apatite crystals are still debated, it is suggested that calcium and phosphate may need to be transported across the membrane of the mineralizing cell, suggesting a pivotal role of phosphate transporters in bone and tooth mineralization. In this context, this short review describes the current knowledge on the role of Slc34 Na+-phosphate transporters in skeletal and tooth mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Beck
- INSERM, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, 1 place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042, Nantes, France. .,Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, 44042, Nantes, France.
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63
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Hu MC, Shi M, Moe OW. Role of αKlotho and FGF23 in regulation of type II Na-dependent phosphate co-transporters. Pflugers Arch 2018; 471:99-108. [PMID: 30506274 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2238-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-Klotho is a member of the Klotho family consisting of two other single-pass transmembrane proteins: βKlotho and γKlotho; αKlotho has been shown to circulate in the blood. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)23 is a member of the FGF superfamily of 22 genes/proteins. αKlotho serves as a co-receptor with FGF receptors (FGFRs) to provide a receptacle for physiological FGF23 signaling including regulation of phosphate metabolism. The extracellular domain of transmembrane αKlotho is shed by secretases and released into blood circulation (soluble αKlotho). Soluble αKlotho has both FGF23-independent and FGF23-dependent roles in phosphate homeostasis by modulating intestinal phosphate absorption, urinary phosphate excretion, and phosphate distribution into bone in concerted interaction with other calciophosphotropic hormones such as PTH and 1,25-(OH)2D. The direct role of αKlotho and FGF23 in the maintenance of phosphate homeostasis is partly mediated by modulation of type II Na+-dependent phosphate co-transporters in target organs. αKlotho and FGF23 are principal phosphotropic hormones, and the manipulation of the αKlotho-FGF23 axis is a novel therapeutic strategy for genetic and acquired phosphate disorders and for conditions with FGF23 excess and αKlotho deficiency such as chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chang Hu
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Mingjun Shi
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Orson W Moe
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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64
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Vorland CJ, Lachcik PJ, Aromeh LO, Moe SM, Chen NX, Hill Gallant KM. Effect of dietary phosphorus intake and age on intestinal phosphorus absorption efficiency and phosphorus balance in male rats. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207601. [PMID: 30452474 PMCID: PMC6242370 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal phosphorus absorption is an important component of whole-body phosphorus metabolism, and limiting dietary phosphorus absorption is particularly of interest as a therapeutic target in patients with chronic kidney disease to manage mineral bone disorders. Yet, mechanisms and regulation of intestinal phosphorus absorption have not been adequately studied and discrepancies in findings exist based on the absorption assessment technique used. In vitro techniques show rather consistent effects of dietary phosphorus intake level and age on intestinal sodium-dependent phosphate transport. But, the few studies that have used in vivo techniques conflict with these in vitro studies. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of dietary phosphorus intake level on phosphorus absorption using the in situ ligated loop technique in three different aged rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 72), were studied at 10-, 20-, and 30-weeks-of-age on a low (0.1%), normal (0.6%), or high (1.2%) phosphorus diet in a 3x3 factorial design (n = 8/group). Rats were fed their assigned diet for 2-weeks prior to absorption testing by jejunal ligated loop as a non-survival procedure, utilizing 33P radioisotope. Metabolic cages were used for determination of calcium and phosphorus balance over the final four days prior to sacrifice, and blood was collected at the time of sacrifice for biochemistries. Our results show that phosphorus absorption was higher in 10-week-old rats compared with 20- and 30-week-olds and this corresponded to higher gene expression of the major phosphate transporter, NaPi-2b, as well as higher whole-body phosphorus balance and net phosphorus absorption. Dietary phosphorus intake level did not affect jejunal phosphorus absorption or NaPi-2b gene expression. Our results contrast with studies utilizing in vitro techniques, but corroborate results of other rodent studies utilizing in situ or in vivo methods. Thus, there is need for additional studies that employ more physiological methods of phosphorus absorption assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colby J. Vorland
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Pamela J. Lachcik
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Loretta O. Aromeh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Sharon M. Moe
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medicine Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Neal X. Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Kathleen M. Hill Gallant
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Thomas L, Xue J, Dominguez Rieg JA, Rieg T. Contribution of NHE3 and dietary phosphate to lithium pharmacokinetics. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 128:1-7. [PMID: 30419292 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Lithium is one of the mainstays for the treatment of bipolar disorder despite its side effects on the endocrine, neurological, and renal systems. Experimentally, lithium has been used as a measure to determine proximal tubule reabsorption based on the assumption that lithium and sodium transport go in parallel in the proximal tubule. However, the exact mechanism by which lithium is reabsorbed remains elusive. The majority of proximal tubule sodium reabsorption is directly or indirectly mediated by the sodium-hydrogen exchanger 3 (NHE3). In addition, sodium-phosphate cotransporters have been implicated in renal lithium reabsorption. In order to better understand the role of sodium-phosphate cotransporters involved in lithium (re)absorption, we studied lithium pharmacokinetics in: i) tubule-specific NHE3 knockout mice (NHE3loxloxPax8Cre), and ii) mice challenged with low or high phosphate diets. Intravenous or oral administration of lithium did not result in differences in lithium bioavailability, half-life, maximum plasma concentrations, area under the curve, lithium clearance, or urinary lithium/creatinine ratios between control and NHE3loxloxPax8Cre mice. After one week of dietary phosphate challenges, lithium bioavailability was ~30% lower on low versus high dietary phosphate, possibly the consequence of a smaller area under the curve after oral administration. This was associated with higher apparent lithium clearance after oral administration and lower urinary lithium/creatinine ratios on low versus high dietary phosphate. Collectively, renal NHE3 does not play a role in lithium pharmacokinetics; however, dietary phosphate could have an indirect effect on lithium bioavailability and lithium disposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linto Thomas
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jianxiang Xue
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jessica A Dominguez Rieg
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Timo Rieg
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Ide N, Ye R, Courbebaisse M, Olauson H, Densmore MJ, Larsson TE, Hanai JI, Lanske B. In vivo evidence for an interplay of FGF23/Klotho/PTH axis on the phosphate handling in renal proximal tubules. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F1261-F1270. [PMID: 29993278 PMCID: PMC6293295 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00650.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphate homeostasis is primarily maintained in the renal proximal tubules, where the expression of sodium/phosphate cotransporters (Npt2a and Npt2c) is modified by the endocrine actions of both fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and parathyroid hormone (PTH). However, the specific contribution of each regulatory pathway in the proximal tubules has not been fully elucidated in vivo. We have previously demonstrated that proximal tubule-specific deletion of the FGF23 coreceptor Klotho results in mild hyperphosphatemia with little to no change in serum levels of FGF23, 1,25(OH)2D3, and PTH. In the present study, we characterized mice in which the PTH receptor PTH1R was specifically deleted from the proximal tubules, either alone or in combination with Klotho ( PT-PTH1R-/- and PT-PTH1R/KL-/-, respectively). PT-PTH1R-/- mice showed significant increases in serum FGF23 and PTH levels, whereas serum phosphate levels were maintained in the normal range, and Npt2a and Npt2c expression in brush border membrane (BBM) did not change compared with control mice. In contrast, PT-PTH1R/KL-/- mice displayed hyperphosphatemia and an increased abundance of Npt2a and Npt2c in the renal BBM, along with increased circulating FGF23 levels. While serum calcium was normal, 1,25(OH)2D3 levels were significantly decreased, leading to extremely high levels of PTH. Collectively, mice with a deletion of PTH1R alone in proximal tubules results in only minor changes in phosphate regulation, whereas deletion of both PTH1R and Klotho leads to a severe disturbance, including hyperphosphatemia with increased sodium/phosphate cotransporter expression in BBM. These results suggest an important interplay between the PTH/PTH1R and FGF23/Klotho pathways to affect renal phosphate handling in the proximal tubules.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calcitriol/blood
- Calcium/blood
- Cells, Cultured
- Fibroblast Growth Factor-23
- Fibroblast Growth Factors/blood
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Glucuronidase/deficiency
- Glucuronidase/genetics
- Glucuronidase/metabolism
- Hyperphosphatemia/blood
- Hyperphosphatemia/genetics
- Hyperphosphatemia/physiopathology
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/metabolism
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/physiopathology
- Klotho Proteins
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Parathyroid Hormone/blood
- Phenotype
- Phosphates/blood
- Receptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 1/deficiency
- Receptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 1/genetics
- Renal Reabsorption
- Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins, Type IIa/metabolism
- Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins, Type IIc/metabolism
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Ide
- Division of Bone and Mineral Research, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rui Ye
- Division of Bone and Mineral Research, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Marie Courbebaisse
- Division of Bone and Mineral Research, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
- Paris Descartes University , Paris , France
| | - Hannes Olauson
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Michael J Densmore
- Division of Bone and Mineral Research, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tobias E Larsson
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Jun-Ichi Hanai
- Division of Nephrology, Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Beate Lanske
- Division of Bone and Mineral Research, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
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Fujii T, Shiozaki Y, Segawa H, Nishiguchi S, Hanazaki A, Noguchi M, Kirino R, Sasaki S, Tanifuji K, Koike M, Yokoyama M, Arima Y, Kaneko I, Tatsumi S, Ito M, Miyamoto KI. Analysis of opossum kidney NaPi-IIc sodium-dependent phosphate transporter to understand Pi handling in human kidney. Clin Exp Nephrol 2018; 23:313-324. [PMID: 30317447 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-018-1653-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of Na+-dependent inorganic phosphate (Pi) transporters in the human kidney is not fully clarified. Hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria (HHRH) is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the IIc Na+-dependent Pi transporter (NPT2c/Npt2c/NaPi-IIc) gene. Another Na+-dependent type II transporter, (NPT2A/Npt2a/NaPi-IIa), is also important for renal Pi reabsorption in humans. In mice, Npt2c deletion does not lead to hypophosphatemia and rickets because Npt2a compensates for the impaired Pi reabsorption. To clarify the differences between mouse and human, we investigated the relation between NaPi-IIa and NaPi-IIc functions in opossum kidney (OK) cells. METHODS We cloned NaPi-IIc from OK cells and created opossum NaPi-IIc (oNaPi-IIc) antibodies. We used oNaPi-IIc small interference (si)RNA and investigated the role of NaPi-IIc in Pi transport in OK cells. RESULTS We cloned opossum kidney NaPi-IIc cDNAs encoding 622 amino acid proteins (variant1) and examined their pH- and sodium-dependency. The antibodies reacted specifically with 75-kDa and 150-kDa protein bands, and the siRNA of NaPi-IIc markedly suppressed endogenous oNaPi-IIc in OK cells. Treatment with siRNA significantly suppressed the expression of NaPi-4 (NaPi-IIa) protein and mRNA. oNaPi-IIc siRNA also suppressed Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor 1 expression in OK cells. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that NaPi-IIc is important for the expression of NaPi-IIa (NaPi-4) protein in OK cells. Suppression of Npt2c may downregulate Npt2a function in HHRH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Fujii
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yuji Shiozaki
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroko Segawa
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Shiori Nishiguchi
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Ai Hanazaki
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Miwa Noguchi
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Ruri Kirino
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Sumire Sasaki
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kazuya Tanifuji
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Megumi Koike
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Mizuki Yokoyama
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yuki Arima
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kaneko
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Sawako Tatsumi
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Mikiko Ito
- Human Science and Environment, University of Hyogo Graduate School, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Miyamoto
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
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68
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Michigami T, Kawai M, Yamazaki M, Ozono K. Phosphate as a Signaling Molecule and Its Sensing Mechanism. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:2317-2348. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00022.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, phosphate balance is maintained by influx and efflux via the intestines, kidneys, bone, and soft tissue, which involves multiple sodium/phosphate (Na+/Pi) cotransporters, as well as regulation by several hormones. Alterations in the levels of extracellular phosphate exert effects on both skeletal and extra-skeletal tissues, and accumulating evidence has suggested that phosphate itself evokes signal transduction to regulate gene expression and cell behavior. Several in vitro studies have demonstrated that an elevation in extracellular Piactivates fibroblast growth factor receptor, Raf/MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase)/ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) pathway and Akt pathway, which might involve the type III Na+/Picotransporter PiT-1. Excessive phosphate loading can lead to various harmful effects by accelerating ectopic calcification, enhancing oxidative stress, and dysregulating signal transduction. The responsiveness of mammalian cells to altered extracellular phosphate levels suggests that they may sense and adapt to phosphate availability, although the precise mechanism for phosphate sensing in mammals remains unclear. Unicellular organisms, such as bacteria and yeast, use some types of Pitransporters and other molecules, such as kinases, to sense the environmental Piavailability. Multicellular animals may need to integrate signals from various organs to sense the phosphate levels as a whole organism, similarly to higher plants. Clarification of the phosphate-sensing mechanism in humans may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat diseases caused by phosphate imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshimi Michigami
- Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Research Institute, Osaka Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Izumi, Osaka, Japan; and Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masanobu Kawai
- Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Research Institute, Osaka Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Izumi, Osaka, Japan; and Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miwa Yamazaki
- Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Research Institute, Osaka Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Izumi, Osaka, Japan; and Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ozono
- Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Research Institute, Osaka Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Izumi, Osaka, Japan; and Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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69
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Sasaki S, Segawa H, Hanazaki A, Kirino R, Fujii T, Ikuta K, Noguchi M, Sasaki S, Koike M, Tanifuji K, Shiozaki Y, Kaneko I, Tatsumi S, Shimohata T, Kawai Y, Narisawa S, Millán JL, Miyamoto KI. A Role of Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase 3 (Akp3) in Inorganic Phosphate Homeostasis. Kidney Blood Press Res 2018; 43:1409-1424. [PMID: 30212831 DOI: 10.1159/000493379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Hyperphosphatemia is a serious complication of late-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD). Intestinal inorganic phosphate (Pi) handling plays an important role in Pi homeostasis in CKD. We investigated whether intestinal alkaline phosphatase 3 (Akp3), the enzyme that hydrolyzes dietary Pi compounds, is a target for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in CKD. METHODS We investigated Pi homeostasis in Akp3 knockout mice (Akp3-/-). We also studied the progression of renal failure in an Akp3-/- mouse adenine treated renal failure model. Plasma, fecal, and urinary Pi and Ca concentration were measured with commercially available kit, and plasma fibroblast growth factor 23, parathyroid hormone, and 1,25(OH)2D3 concentration were measured with ELISA. Brush border membrane vesicles were prepared from mouse intestine using the Ca2+ precipitation method and used for Pi transport activity and alkaline phosphatase activity. In vivo intestinal Pi absorption was measured with oral 32P administration. RESULTS Akp3-/- mice exhibited reduced intestinal type II sodium-dependent Pi transporter (Npt2b) protein levels and Na-dependent Pi co-transport activity. In addition, plasma active vitamin D levels were significantly increased in Akp3-/- mice compared with wild-type animals. In the adenine-induced renal failure model, Akp3 gene deletion suppressed hyperphosphatemia. CONCLUSION The present findings indicate that intestinal Akp3 deletion affects Na+-dependent Pi transport in the small intestine. In the adenine-induced renal failure model, Akp3 is predicted to be a factor contributing to suppression of the plasma Pi concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Sasaki
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroko Segawa
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima,
| | - Ai Hanazaki
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ruri Kirino
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Toru Fujii
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kayo Ikuta
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Miwa Noguchi
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Sumire Sasaki
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Megumi Koike
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kazuya Tanifuji
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuji Shiozaki
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kaneko
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Sawako Tatsumi
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takaaki Shimohata
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yoshichika Kawai
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Sonoko Narisawa
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - José Luis Millán
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ken-Ichi Miyamoto
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Novel deletion of SLC34A2 in Chinese patients of PAM shares mutation hot spot with fusion gene SLC34A2–ROS1 in lung cancer. J Genet 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-018-0977-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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71
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Zhou S, Hang Y, Wang J, Fang R. Enzyme activity and phosphate uptake in the small intestine of Sprague Dawley rats improved by supplementation of infant formula with prebiotics. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2018; 4:300-304. [PMID: 30175258 PMCID: PMC6116332 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study was to identify the effects of prebiotics supplemented in infant formula on enzyme activity and phosphate uptake in the small intestine of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Forty-eight healthy SD rats at 15 days old (a week before weaning) with similar weight were randomly divided into 3 groups: A (control group), B, C, with 16 rats per group. Rats in groups A, B, C were fed a standard infant formula, the standard infant formula supplemented with oligosaccharides, and the standard infant formula supplemented with polysaccharides, respectively. The feeding test was conducted for 28 d. Compared with group A, the results showed the following: 1) the activities of sucrose and lactase in the small intestine were significantly increased in SD rats of group C (P < 0.05); 2) the relative expressions of lactase gene in the anterior and posterior segments of the small intestine were significantly increased by 1.68 and 2.26 in SD rats of group C (P < 0.05), and the relative expression of Mgam gene in the posterior segment of the small intestine was significantly increased by 0.99 in SD rats of group C (P < 0.05); 3) the relative expressions of Na/Pi-IIb gene in the anterior and posterior segments of the small intestine were significantly increased by 1.85 and 2.28 in SD rats of group C (P < 0.05). These results indicate that the supplementation of infant formula with prebiotics can promote enzyme activity in the small intestine by increasing the relative expression of enzyme gene or by decreasing intestinal injury, and can increase the relative expression of Na/Pi-IIb gene. The effect of polysaccharides is better than that of oligosaccharides.
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Hernando N, Wagner CA. Mechanisms and Regulation of Intestinal Phosphate Absorption. Compr Physiol 2018; 8:1065-1090. [PMID: 29978897 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
States of hypo- and hyperphosphatemia have deleterious consequences including rickets/osteomalacia and renal/cardiovascular disease, respectively. Therefore, the maintenance of appropriate plasma levels of phosphate is an essential requirement for health. This control is executed by the collaborative action of intestine and kidney whose capacities to (re)absorb phosphate are regulated by a number of hormonal and metabolic factors, among them parathyroid hormone, fibroblast growth factor 23, 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 , and dietary phosphate. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the transepithelial transport of phosphate across enterocytes are only partially understood. Indeed, whereas renal reabsorption entirely relies on well-characterized active transport mechanisms of phosphate across the renal proximal epithelia, intestinal absorption proceeds via active and passive mechanisms, with the molecular identity of the passive component still unknown. The active absorption of phosphate depends mostly on the activity and expression of the sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter NaPi-IIb (SLC34A2), which is highly regulated by many of the factors, mentioned earlier. Physiologically, the contribution of NaPi-IIb to the maintenance of phosphate balance appears to be mostly relevant during periods of low phosphate availability. Therefore, its role in individuals living in industrialized societies with high phosphate intake is probably less relevant. Importantly, small increases in plasma phosphate, even within normal range, associate with higher risk of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, therapeutic approaches to treat hyperphosphatemia, including dietary phosphate restriction and phosphate binders, aim at reducing intestinal absorption. Here we review the current state of research in the field. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:1065-1090, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nati Hernando
- National Center for Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH, Institute of Physiology, University Zurich-Irchel, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carsten A Wagner
- National Center for Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH, Institute of Physiology, University Zurich-Irchel, Zurich, Switzerland
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Filipski KJ, Sammons MF, Bhattacharya SK, Panteleev J, Brown JA, Loria PM, Boehm M, Smith AC, Shavnya A, Conn EL, Song K, Weng Y, Facemire C, Jüppner H, Clerin V. Discovery of Orally Bioavailable Selective Inhibitors of the Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter NaPi2a (SLC34A1). ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:440-445. [PMID: 29795756 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium-phosphate cotransporter 2a, or NaPi2a (SLC34A1), is a solute-carrier (SLC) transporter located in the kidney proximal tubule that reabsorbs glomerular-filtered phosphate. Inhibition of NaPi2a may enhance urinary phosphate excretion and correct maladaptive mineral and hormonal derangements associated with increased cardiovascular risk in chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). To date, only nonselective NaPi inhibitors have been described. Herein, we detail the discovery of the first series of selective NaPi2a inhibitors, resulting from optimization of a high-throughput screening hit. The oral PK profile of inhibitor PF-06869206 (6f) in rodents allows for the exploration of the pharmacology of selective NaPi2a inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. Filipski
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Matthew F. Sammons
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Samit K. Bhattacharya
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jane Panteleev
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 558 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Janice A. Brown
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 558 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Paula M. Loria
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 558 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Markus Boehm
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Aaron C. Smith
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 558 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Andre Shavnya
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 558 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Edward L. Conn
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 558 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kun Song
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yan Weng
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Carie Facemire
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Harald Jüppner
- Endocrine Unit and Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Thier 10, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Valerie Clerin
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Lacerda-Abreu MA, Russo-Abrahão T, Monteiro RDQ, Rumjanek FD, Meyer-Fernandes JR. Inorganic phosphate transporters in cancer: Functions, molecular mechanisms and possible clinical applications. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1870:291-298. [PMID: 29753110 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic phosphate is one of the most essential nutrients for the maintenance of cell life. Because of its essential role in nutrient supplementation, the study of plasma membrane inorganic phosphate transporters in cancer biology has received much attention in recent years. Several studies suggest that these transporters are up-regulated in tumor cells and thus have been considered to be important promoters of tumor progression. Altered expression levels of inorganic phosphate transporters, such as NaPi-IIb (SLC34A2) and PiT-1 (SLC20A1), have been demonstrated. The purpose of this review article was to gather the relevant experimental records on inorganic phosphate transporters in tumors and to demonstrate the importance of these proteins in clinical applications. In this work, we demonstrate that for decades, the potential use of the inorganic phosphate transporter as an antigen for the diagnosis of tumor subtypes remained unknown. With the advancement in molecular biology techniques, phosphate transporters have been identified as being associated with cancer. In addition to their altered expression in cancer, several studies have demonstrated other functions of inorganic phosphate transporters, such as transceptors, rearrangements with oncogenes and modifications in the expression of ABC transporters, aiding in the process of proliferation and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Antônio Lacerda-Abreu
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thais Russo-Abrahão
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Franklin David Rumjanek
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Meyer-Fernandes
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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75
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Wang P, Qin X, Liu M, Wang X. The burgeoning role of cytochrome P450-mediated vitamin D metabolites against colorectal cancer. Pharmacol Res 2018; 133:9-20. [PMID: 29719203 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The metabolites of vitamin D3 (VD3) mediated by different cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, play fundamental roles in many physiological processes in relation to human health. These metabolites regulate a variety of cellular signal pathways through the direct binding of activated vitamin D receptor/retinoic X receptor (VDR/RXR) heterodimeric complex to specific DNA sequences. Thus, the polymorphisms of VDR and VD3 metabolizing enzymes lead to differentiated efficiency of VD3 and further affect serum VD3 levels. Moreover, VDR activation is demonstrated to inhibit the growth of various cancers, including colorectal cancer. However, excessive intake of vitamin D may lead to hypercalcemia, which limits the application of vitamin D tremendously. In this review, we have summarized the advances in VD3 research, especially the metabolism map of VD3 and the molecular mechanisms of inhibiting growth and inducing differentiation in colorectal cancer mediated by VDR-associated cellular signal pathways. The relationship between VDR polymorphism and the risk of colorectal cancer is also illustrated. In particular, novel pathways of the activation of VD3 started by CYP11A1 and CYP3A4 are highlighted, which produce several noncalcemic and antiproliferative metabolites. At last, the hypothesis is put forward that further research of CYP-mediated VD3 metabolites may develop therapeutic agents for colorectal cancer without resulting in hypercalcemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peili Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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76
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Barbieri AM, Chiodini I, Ragni E, Colaianni G, Gadda F, Locatelli M, Lampertico P, Spada A, Eller‐Vainicher C. Suppressive effects of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, an antiretroviral prodrug, on mineralization and type II and type III sodium‐dependent phosphate transporters expression in primary human osteoblasts. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:4855-4866. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Barbieri
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic DiseasesFondazione IRCCS Ca′ Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca′ Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Iacopo Chiodini
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic DiseasesFondazione IRCCS Ca′ Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
| | - Enrico Ragni
- Cell Factory, Unit of Cell Therapy and CryobiologyFondazione IRCCS Ca′ Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
| | - Graziana Colaianni
- Department of Basic and Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, section of Human Anatomy and HistologyUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - Franco Gadda
- Department of UrologyFondazione IRCCS Ca′ Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
| | - Marco Locatelli
- Unit of NeurosurgeryFondazione IRCCS Ca′ Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
| | - Pietro Lampertico
- ‘A. M. and A. Migliavacca’ Center for Liver Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca′ Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Anna Spada
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic DiseasesFondazione IRCCS Ca′ Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca′ Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Cristina Eller‐Vainicher
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic DiseasesFondazione IRCCS Ca′ Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
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77
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Huynh KW, Jiang J, Abuladze N, Tsirulnikov K, Kao L, Shao X, Newman D, Azimov R, Pushkin A, Zhou ZH, Kurtz I. CryoEM structure of the human SLC4A4 sodium-coupled acid-base transporter NBCe1. Nat Commun 2018; 9:900. [PMID: 29500354 PMCID: PMC5834491 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03271-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Na+-coupled acid-base transporters play essential roles in human biology. Their dysfunction has been linked to cancer, heart, and brain disease. High-resolution structures of mammalian Na+-coupled acid-base transporters are not available. The sodium-bicarbonate cotransporter NBCe1 functions in multiple organs and its mutations cause blindness, abnormal growth and blood chemistry, migraines, and impaired cognitive function. Here, we have determined the structure of the membrane domain dimer of human NBCe1 at 3.9 Å resolution by cryo electron microscopy. Our atomic model and functional mutagenesis revealed the ion accessibility pathway and the ion coordination site, the latter containing residues involved in human disease-causing mutations. We identified a small number of residues within the ion coordination site whose modification transformed NBCe1 into an anion exchanger. Our data suggest that symporters and exchangers utilize comparable transport machinery and that subtle differences in their substrate-binding regions have very significant effects on their transport mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W Huynh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jiansen Jiang
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Natalia Abuladze
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kirill Tsirulnikov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Liyo Kao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Xuesi Shao
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Debra Newman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Rustam Azimov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Alexander Pushkin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Z Hong Zhou
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Ira Kurtz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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78
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Solute carrier family 34 member 2 overexpression contributes to tumor growth and poor patient survival in colorectal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 99:645-654. [PMID: 29653487 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Solute carrier family 34 member 2 (SLC34A2) is a well-known sodium-dependent phosphate transporter that has recently been linked to cancer development. However, its specific oncogenic role remains controversial in numerous human malignancies, and is currently unknown in colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore, in this study we firstly used Oncomine database to determine its expression in cancer tissues and found it is overexpressed in thyroid, ovarian and renal cancer, while it is opposite in lung, breast and pancreas cancer. Using qRT-PCR and western blot, we then demonstrated its overexpression in CRC tissues as compared with adjacent normal tissues (n = 20). In a retrospective cohort enrolling 190 CRC patients, we proved its expression was significantly correlated with N stage. Furthermore, high SLC34A2 expression is associated with higher postoperative metastasis rate and serves as an independent adverse factor affecting patient prognosis. In subgroup analysis, SLC34A2 expression could stratify the patient prognosis in stage II and III CRC, but failed in stage IV CRC. In cellular assays in vitro, knockdown of SLC34A2 dramatically inhibited the proliferation and colony formation, induced the apoptosis and arrests the cell cycle progression of HCT-116 CRC cells. In cellular assays in vivo, knockdown of SLC34A2 significantly inhibited the growth of xenografts, decreasing Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression and increasing apoptosis rate. Taken together, our study indicates SLC34A2 plays a crucial promoting role in CRC development and therefore has great potential to be further developed as a reliable biomarker for CRC diagnosis and treatment.
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79
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Moré MI, Vandenplas Y. Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 Improves Intestinal Enzyme Function: A Trophic Effects Review. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS. GASTROENTEROLOGY 2018; 11:1179552217752679. [PMID: 29449779 PMCID: PMC5808955 DOI: 10.1177/1179552217752679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Several properties of the probiotic medicinal yeast Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 contribute to its efficacy to prevent or treat diarrhoea. Besides immunologic effects, pathogen-binding and anti-toxin effects, as well as positive effects on the microbiota, S boulardii CNCM I-745 also has pronounced effects on digestive enzymes of the brush border membrane, known as trophic effects. The latter are the focus of this review. Literature has been reviewed after searching Medline and PMC databases. All relevant non-clinical and clinical studies are summarized. S. boulardii CNCM I-745 synthesizes and secretes polyamines, which have a role in cell proliferation and differentiation. The administration of polyamines or S. boulardii CNCM I-745 enhances the expression of intestinal digestive enzymes as well as nutrient uptake transporters. The signalling mechanisms leading to enzyme activation are not fully understood. However, polyamines have direct nucleic acid–binding capacity with regulatory impact. S. boulardii CNCM I-745 induces signalling via the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. In addition, effects on the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway have been reported. As an additional direct effect, S. boulardii CNCM I-745 secretes certain enzymes, which enhance nutrient acquisition for the yeast and the host. The increased availability of digestive enzymes seems to be one of the mechanisms by which S. boulardii CNCM I-745 counteracts diarrhoea; however, also people with certain enzyme deficiencies may profit from its administration. More studies are needed to fully understand the mechanisms of trophic activation by the probiotic yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margret I Moré
- analyze & realize GmbH, Department of Consulting and Strategic Innovation, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yvan Vandenplas
- Department of Pediatrics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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80
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Goff JP. Invited review: Mineral absorption mechanisms, mineral interactions that affect acid-base and antioxidant status, and diet considerations to improve mineral status. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:2763-2813. [PMID: 29397180 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Several minerals are required for life to exist. In animals, 7 elements (Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Cl, and S) are required to be present in the diet in fairly large amounts (grams to tens of grams each day for the dairy cow) and are termed macrominerals. Several other elements are termed microminerals or trace minerals because they are required in much smaller amounts (milligrams to micrograms each day). In most cases the mineral in the diet must be absorbed across the gastrointestinal mucosa and enter the blood if it is to be of value to the animal. The bulk of this review discusses the paracellular and transcellular mechanisms used by the gastrointestinal tract to absorb each of the various minerals needed. Unfortunately, particularly in ruminants, interactions between minerals and other substances within the diet can occur within the digestive tract that impair mineral absorption. The attributes of organic or chelated minerals that might permit diet minerals to circumvent factors that inhibit absorption of more traditional inorganic forms of these minerals are discussed. Once absorbed, minerals are used in many ways. One focus of this review is the effect macrominerals have on the acid-base status of the animal. Manipulation of dietary cation and anion content is commonly used as a tool in the dry period and during lactation to improve performance. A section on how the strong ion theory can be used to understand these effects is included. Many microminerals play a role in the body as cofactors of enzymes involved in controlling free radicals within the body and are vital to antioxidant capabilities. Those same minerals, when consumed in excess, can become pro-oxidants in the body, generating destructive free radicals. Complex interactions between minerals can compromise the effectiveness of a diet in promoting health and productivity of the cow. The objective of this review is to provide insight into some of these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse P Goff
- Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames 50011.
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81
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Abstract
Rickets is a metabolic bone disease that develops as a result of inadequate mineralization of growing bone due to disruption of calcium, phosphorus and/or vitamin D metabolism. Nutritional rickets remains a significant child health problem in developing countries. In addition, several rare genetic causes of rickets have also been described, which can be divided into two groups. The first group consists of genetic disorders of vitamin D biosynthesis and action, such as vitamin D-dependent rickets type 1A (VDDR1A), vitamin D-dependent rickets type 1B (VDDR1B), vitamin D-dependent rickets type 2A (VDDR2A), and vitamin D-dependent rickets type 2B (VDDR2B). The second group involves genetic disorders of excessive renal phosphate loss (hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets) due to impairment in renal tubular phosphate reabsorption as a result of FGF23-related or FGF23-independent causes. In this review, we focus on clinical, laboratory and genetic characteristics of various types of hereditary rickets as well as differential diagnosis and treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sezer Acar
- Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Korcan Demir
- Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Yufei Shi
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Department of Genetics, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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82
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Zand L, Kumar R. The Use of Vitamin D Metabolites and Analogues in the Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2017; 46:983-1007. [PMID: 29080646 PMCID: PMC5977979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are associated with abnormalities in bone and mineral metabolism, known as CKD-bone mineral disorder. CKD and ESRD cause skeletal abnormalities characterized by hyperparathyroidism, mixed uremic osteodystrophy, osteomalacia, adynamic bone disease, and frequently enhanced vascular and ectopic calcification. Hyperparathyroidism and mixed uremic osteodystrophy are the most common manifestations due to phosphate retention, reduced concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, intestinal calcium absorption, and negative calcium balance. Treatment with 1-hydroxylated vitamin D analogues is useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladan Zand
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55901, USA.
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55901, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55901, USA.
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83
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Demir K, Yildiz M, Bahat H, Goldman M, Hassan N, Tzur S, Ofir A, Magen D. Clinical Heterogeneity and Phenotypic Expansion of NaPi-IIa-Associated Disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:4604-4614. [PMID: 29029121 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT NaPi-IIa, encoded by SLC34A1, is a key phosphate transporter in the mammalian proximal tubule and plays a cardinal role in renal phosphate handling. NaPi-IIa impairment has been linked to various overlapping clinical syndromes, including hypophosphatemic nephrolithiasis with osteoporosis, renal Fanconi syndrome with chronic kidney disease, and, most recently, idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia and nephrocalcinosis. OBJECTIVES We studied the molecular basis of idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia with partial proximal tubulopathy in two apparently unrelated patients of Israeli and Turkish descent. DESIGN Genetic analysis in two affected children and their close relatives was performed using whole-exome sequencing, followed by in vitro localization and trafficking analysis of mutant NaPi-IIa. RESULTS Mutation and haplotype analyses in both patients revealed a previously described homozygous loss-of-function inserted duplication (p.I154_V160dup) in NaPi-IIa, which is inherited identical-by-descent from a common ancestor. The shared mutation was originally reported by our team in two adult siblings with renal Fanconi syndrome, hypophosphatemic bone disease, and progressive renal failure who are family members of one of the infants reported herein. In vitro localization assays and biochemical analysis of p.I154_V160dup and of additional NaPi-IIa mutants harboring a trafficking defect indicate aberrant retention at the endoplasmic reticulum in an immature and underglycosylated state, leading to premature proteasomal degradation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings expand the phenotypic spectrum of NaPi-IIa disruption, reinforce its link with proximal tubular impairment, enable longitudinal study of the natural history of the disease, and shed light on cellular pathways associated with loss of function and impaired trafficking of NaPi-IIa mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korcan Demir
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Turkey
| | - Melek Yildiz
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Hospital, Turkey
| | - Hilla Bahat
- Department of Pediatrics, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Israel, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Michael Goldman
- Department of Pediatrics, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Israel, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Nisreen Hassan
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Israel
| | - Shay Tzur
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Israel
- Genomic Research Department, Emedgene Technologies, Israel
| | - Ayala Ofir
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Israel
| | - Daniella Magen
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Israel
- Pediatric Nephrology Institute, Ruth Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus, Israel
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84
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Ikuta K, Segawa H, Sasaki S, Hanazaki A, Fujii T, Kushi A, Kawabata Y, Kirino R, Sasaki S, Noguchi M, Kaneko I, Tatsumi S, Ueda O, Wada NA, Tateishi H, Kakefuda M, Kawase Y, Ohtomo S, Ichida Y, Maeda A, Jishage KI, Horiba N, Miyamoto KI. Effect of Npt2b deletion on intestinal and renal inorganic phosphate (Pi) handling. Clin Exp Nephrol 2017; 22:517-528. [PMID: 29128884 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-017-1497-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperphosphatemia is common in chronic kidney disease and is associated with morbidity and mortality. The intestinal Na+-dependent phosphate transporter Npt2b is thought to be an important molecular target for the prevention of hyperphosphatemia. The role of Npt2b in the net absorption of inorganic phosphate (Pi), however, is controversial. METHODS In the present study, we made tamoxifen-inducible Npt2b conditional knockout (CKO) mice to analyze systemic Pi metabolism, including intestinal Pi absorption. RESULTS Although the Na+-dependent Pi transport in brush-border membrane vesicle uptake levels was significantly decreased in the distal intestine of Npt2b CKO mice compared with control mice, plasma Pi and fecal Pi excretion levels were not significantly different. Data obtained using the intestinal loop technique showed that Pi uptake in Npt2b CKO mice was not affected at a Pi concentration of 4 mM, which is considered the typical luminal Pi concentration after meals in mice. Claudin, which may be involved in paracellular pathways, as well as claudin-2, 12, and 15 protein levels were significantly decreased in the Npt2b CKO mice. Thus, Npt2b deficiency did not affect Pi absorption within the range of Pi concentrations that normally occurs after meals. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that abnormal Pi metabolism may also be involved in tight junction molecules such as Cldns that are affected by Npt2b deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Ikuta
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroko Segawa
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Shohei Sasaki
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Ai Hanazaki
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Toru Fujii
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Aoi Kushi
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yuka Kawabata
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Ruri Kirino
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Sumire Sasaki
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Miwa Noguchi
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kaneko
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Sawako Tatsumi
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Otoya Ueda
- Fuji Gotemba Research Labs., Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Naoko A Wada
- Fuji Gotemba Research Labs., Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiromi Tateishi
- Chugai Research Institute for Medical Science, Inc., 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Mami Kakefuda
- Chugai Research Institute for Medical Science, Inc., 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kawase
- Chugai Research Institute for Medical Science, Inc., 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shuichi Ohtomo
- Fuji Gotemba Research Labs., Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ichida
- Fuji Gotemba Research Labs., Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Maeda
- Fuji Gotemba Research Labs., Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kou-Ichi Jishage
- Fuji Gotemba Research Labs., Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
- Chugai Research Institute for Medical Science, Inc., 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Naoshi Horiba
- Fuji Gotemba Research Labs., Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Miyamoto
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
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85
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Leifheit-Nestler M, Kucka J, Yoshizawa E, Behets G, D'Haese P, Bergen C, Meier M, Fischer DC, Haffner D. Comparison of calcimimetic R568 and calcitriol in mineral homeostasis in the Hyp mouse, a murine homolog of X-linked hypophosphatemia. Bone 2017; 103:224-232. [PMID: 28728941 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) caused by mutations in the Phex gene is the most common human inherited phosphate wasting disorder characterized by enhanced synthesis of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) in bone, renal phosphate wasting, 1,25(OH)2D3 (1,25D) deficiency, rickets and osteomalacia. Here we studied the effects of calcimimetic R568 and calcitriol treatment in the Hyp mouse, a murine homolog of XLH. We hypothesized that mineral homeostasis is differentially affected by R568 and 1,25D with respect to the PTH-vitamin D-FGF23-Klotho axis and bone health. Four-week-old male Hyp mice received R568 in different doses, 1,25D or vehicle for 28days. Vehicle-treated wild-type mice served as controls. Both R568 and 1,25D reduced PTH levels, yet only 1,25D raised serum phosphate levels in Hyp mice. 1,25D increased calciuria and further enhanced FGF23 synthesis in bone and circulating FGF23 levels. By contrast, R568 reduced bone FGF23 expression and serum total but not intact FGF23 concentrations. Renal 1,25D metabolism was further impaired by 1,25D and improved although not normalized by R568. Hyp mice showed reduced renal Klotho levels, which were increased by 1,25D and high dose R568. 1,25D, but not R568, significantly improved femur growth, and weight gain, and partially restored growth plate morphology and bone mineralization. Although a significant improvement of trabecular bone was noted by μCT, compared to 1,25D the effects of R568 on bone histomophometric parameters were marginal. Our data indicate that monotherapy with R568 reduced PTH and FGF23 synthesis in bone, but failed to restore vitamin D and phosphate metabolism and skeletal abnormalities in Hyp mice. By contrast, 1,25D improved body growth, and defective mineralization despite further enhancement of skeletal FGF23 synthesis thereby highlighting the importance of vitamin D in bone mineralization in Hyp mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Leifheit-Nestler
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Julia Kucka
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Emi Yoshizawa
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Geert Behets
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Patrick D'Haese
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Christian Bergen
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Small Animal Imaging Center, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Meier
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Small Animal Imaging Center, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Dieter Haffner
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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86
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Piatek MJ, Henderson V, Fearn A, Chaudhry B, Werner A. Ectopically expressed Slc34a2a sense-antisense transcripts cause a cerebellar phenotype in zebrafish embryos depending on RNA complementarity and Dicer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178219. [PMID: 28542524 PMCID: PMC5436864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural antisense transcripts (NATs) are complementary to protein coding genes and potentially regulate their expression. Despite widespread occurrence of NATs in the genomes of higher eukaryotes, their biological role and mechanism of action is poorly understood. Zebrafish embryos offer a unique model system to study sense-antisense transcript interplay at whole organism level. Here, we investigate putative antisense transcript-mediated mechanisms by ectopically co-expressing the complementary transcripts during early zebrafish development. In zebrafish the gene Slc34a2a (Na-phosphate transporter) is bi-directionally transcribed, the NAT predominantly during early development up to 48 hours after fertilization. Declining levels of the NAT, Slc34a2a(as), coincide with an increase of the sense transcript. At that time, sense and antisense transcripts co-localize in the endoderm at near equal amounts. Ectopic expression of the sense transcript during embryogenesis leads to specific failure to develop a cerebellum. The defect is RNA-mediated and dependent on sense-antisense complementarity. Overexpression of a Slc34a2a paralogue (Slc34a2b) or the NAT itself had no phenotypic consequences. Knockdown of Dicer rescued the brain defect suggesting that RNA interference is required to mediate the phenotype. Our results corroborate previous reports of Slc34a2a-related endo-siRNAs in two days old zebrafish embryos and emphasize the importance of coordinated expression of sense-antisense transcripts. Our findings suggest that RNAi is involved in gene regulation by certain natural antisense RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica J. Piatek
- RNA Interest Group, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Henderson
- RNA Interest Group, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Fearn
- RNA Interest Group, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Bill Chaudhry
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Werner
- RNA Interest Group, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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87
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Feng H, Zhang Y, Liu K, Zhu Y, Yang Z, Zhang X, Liu Y. Intrinsic gene changes determine the successful establishment of stable renal cancer cell lines from tumor tissue. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:2526-2534. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hailiang Feng
- Cell Resource Center, Department of Pathology; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University; Beijing China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Department of Urology; Chinese People's Liberation Army Medical School, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Kan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Department of Urology; Chinese People's Liberation Army Medical School, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Cell Resource Center, Department of Pathology; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University; Beijing China
| | - Zhenli Yang
- Cell Resource Center, Department of Pathology; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University; Beijing China
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Department of Urology; Chinese People's Liberation Army Medical School, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Yuqin Liu
- Cell Resource Center, Department of Pathology; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University; Beijing China
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88
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Ratcliffe S, Jugdaohsingh R, Vivancos J, Marron A, Deshmukh R, Ma JF, Mitani-Ueno N, Robertson J, Wills J, Boekschoten MV, Müller M, Mawhinney RC, Kinrade SD, Isenring P, Bélanger RR, Powell JJ. Identification of a mammalian silicon transporter. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 312:C550-C561. [PMID: 28179233 PMCID: PMC5451523 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00219.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) has long been known to play a major physiological and structural role in certain organisms, including diatoms, sponges, and many higher plants, leading to the recent identification of multiple proteins responsible for Si transport in a range of algal and plant species. In mammals, despite several convincing studies suggesting that silicon is an important factor in bone development and connective tissue health, there is a critical lack of understanding about the biochemical pathways that enable Si homeostasis. Here we report the identification of a mammalian efflux Si transporter, namely Slc34a2 (also termed NaPiIIb), a known sodium-phosphate cotransporter, which was upregulated in rat kidney following chronic dietary Si deprivation. Normal rat renal epithelium demonstrated punctate expression of Slc34a2, and when the protein was heterologously expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, Si efflux activity (i.e., movement of Si out of cells) was induced and was quantitatively similar to that induced by the known plant Si transporter OsLsi2 in the same expression system. Interestingly, Si efflux appeared saturable over time, but it did not vary as a function of extracellular HPO42− or Na+ concentration, suggesting that Slc34a2 harbors a functionally independent transport site for Si operating in the reverse direction to the site for phosphate. Indeed, in rats with dietary Si depletion-induced upregulation of transporter expression, there was increased urinary phosphate excretion. This is the first evidence of an active Si transport protein in mammals and points towards an important role for Si in vertebrates and explains interactions between dietary phosphate and silicon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ratcliffe
- Medical Research Council Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ravin Jugdaohsingh
- Medical Research Council Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Julien Vivancos
- Département de Phytologie-Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Centre de Recherche en Horticulture, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alan Marron
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge United Kingdom
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge United Kingdom
| | - Jian Feng Ma
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Namiki Mitani-Ueno
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Jack Robertson
- Medical Research Council Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John Wills
- Mechanistic Studies Division, Environmental Health Sciences & Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark V Boekschoten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Müller
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Stephen D Kinrade
- Department of Chemistry, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada; and
| | - Paul Isenring
- Nephrology Group L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Institution, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Richard R Bélanger
- Département de Phytologie-Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Centre de Recherche en Horticulture, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jonathan J Powell
- Medical Research Council Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom; .,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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89
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Chen P, Huang Y, Bayir A, Wang C. Characterization of the isoforms of type IIb sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter (Slc34a2) in yellow catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, and their vitamin D 3-regulated expression under low-phosphate conditions. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2017; 43:229-244. [PMID: 27620186 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0282-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two isoforms slc34a2 genes (type IIb sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter), slc34a2a2 and slc34a2b, were cloned from intestine and kidney of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco), with rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The structure differences and the regulation effects of dietary VD3 under low phosphorus were compared among three isoforms of slc34a2 in yellow catfish. The predicted Slc34a2a2 and Slc34a2b proteins match 65 % and 53.8 % sequence identity, with Slc34a2a1, respectively. The membrane-spanning domains were different among these three isoforms. Intestinal Slc34a2a1 and Slc34a2a2 proteins had eight and eleven transmembrane domains, while renal Slc34a2b protein had nine. The tissue distribution study showed that same as slc34a2a1, slc34a2a2 mRNA was mainly distributed in intestine and slc34a2b mRNA in kidney. The effect of vitamin D3 (VD3) level on slc34a2 subfamily expression under low-phosphate conditions, induced by the addition of 0 (VD0), 324 (VD1), 1243 (VD2), 3621 (VD3), 8040 (VD4), or 22700 (VD5) IU VD3/kg feed, was assessed by qPCR. The dose-responsive expression of intestinal slc34a2a2 and high expression of intestinal slc34a2a2 in VD5 together with peak expression of kidney slc34a2b in VD3 coincided with the accumulation of body phosphate content. These data suggested that appropriate level of dietary VD3 up-regulated slc34a2a1, slc34a2a2, and slc34a2b mRNA levels, which increased phosphate retention. In conclusion, the current study provided another possible approach to improve dietary phosphate utilization by adding appropriate level of VD3 to a low-phosphate diet to regulate intestinal and renal slc34a2 gene expression and thus minimize the excretion of phosphorus in yellow catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Chen
- The College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqing Huang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Shanghai, 200090, People's Republic of China
| | - Abdulkadir Bayir
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Chunfang Wang
- The College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
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90
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Fujii O, Tatsumi S, Ogata M, Arakaki T, Sakaguchi H, Nomura K, Miyagawa A, Ikuta K, Hanazaki A, Kaneko I, Segawa H, Miyamoto KI. Effect of Osteocyte-Ablation on Inorganic Phosphate Metabolism: Analysis of Bone-Kidney-Gut Axis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:359. [PMID: 29312149 PMCID: PMC5742590 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to kidney damage, osteocytes increase the production of several hormones critically involved in mineral metabolism. Recent studies suggest that osteocyte function is altered very early in the course of chronic kidney disease. In the present study, to clarify the role of osteocytes and the canalicular network in mineral homeostasis, we performed four experiments. In Experiment 1, we investigated renal and intestinal Pi handling in osteocyte-less (OCL) model mice [transgenic mice with the dentin matrix protein-1 promoter-driven diphtheria toxin (DT)-receptor that were injected with DT]. In Experiment 2, we administered granulocyte colony-stimulating factor to mice to disrupt the osteocyte canalicular network. In Experiment 3, we investigated the role of osteocytes in dietary Pi signaling. In Experiment 4, we analyzed gene expression level fluctuations in the intestine and liver by comparing mice fed a high Pi diet and OCL mice. Together, the findings of these experiments indicate that osteocyte ablation caused rapid renal Pi excretion (P < 0.01) before the plasma fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels increased. At the same time, we observed a rapid suppression of renal Klotho (P < 0.01), type II sodium phosphate transporters Npt2a (P < 0.01) and Npt2c (P < 0.05), and an increase in intestinal Npt2b (P < 0.01) protein. In OCL mice, Pi excretion in feces was markedly reduced (P < 0.01). Together, these effects of osteocyte ablation are predicted to markedly increase intestinal Pi absorption (P < 0.01), thus suggesting that increased intestinal Pi absorption stimulates renal Pi excretion in OCL mice. In addition, the ablation of osteocytes and feeding of a high Pi diet affected FGF15/bile acid metabolism and controlled Npt2b expression. In conclusion, OCL mice exhibited increased renal Pi excretion due to enhanced intestinal Pi absorption. We discuss the role of FGF23-Klotho on renal and intestinal Pi metabolism in OCL mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Fujii
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institution of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Sawako Tatsumi
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institution of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
- *Correspondence: Sawako Tatsumi, ; Ken-ichi Miyamoto,
| | - Mao Ogata
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institution of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Arakaki
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institution of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Haruna Sakaguchi
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institution of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kengo Nomura
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institution of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Atsumi Miyagawa
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institution of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kayo Ikuta
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institution of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ai Hanazaki
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institution of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kaneko
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institution of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroko Segawa
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institution of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Miyamoto
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institution of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
- *Correspondence: Sawako Tatsumi, ; Ken-ichi Miyamoto,
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91
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Yagi S, Shiojiri N. Identification of novel genetic markers for mouse yolk sac cells by using microarray analyses. Placenta 2017; 49:68-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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92
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Loss of function of NaPiIIa causes nephrocalcinosis and possibly kidney insufficiency. Pediatr Nephrol 2016; 31:2289-2297. [PMID: 27378183 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-016-3443-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inherited metabolic disorders associated with nephrocalcinosis are rare conditions. The aim of this study was to identify the genetic cause of an Israeli-Arab boy from a consanguineous family with severe nephrocalcinosis and kidney insufficiency. METHODS Clinical and biochemical data of the proband and family members were obtained from both previous and recent medical charts. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood cells. The coding sequence and splice sites of candidate genes (CYP24A1, CYP27B1, FGF23, KLOTHO, SLC34A3 and SLC34A1) were sequenced directly. Functional studies were performed in Xenopus laevis oocytes and in transfected opossum kidney (OK) cells. RESULTS Our patient was identified as having nephrocalcinosis in utero, and at the age of 16.5 years, he had kidney insufficiency but no bone disease. Genetic analysis revealed a novel homozygous missense mutation, Arg215Gln, in SLC34A1, which encodes the renal sodium phosphate cotransporter NaPiIIa. Functional studies of the Arg215Gln mutant revealed reduced transport activity in Xenopus laevis oocytes and increased intracellular cytoplasmic accumulation in OK cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that dysfunction of the human NaPiIIa causes severe renal calcification that may eventually lead to reduced kidney function, rather than complications of phosphate loss.
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93
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Thomas L, Bettoni C, Knöpfel T, Hernando N, Biber J, Wagner CA. Acute Adaption to Oral or Intravenous Phosphate Requires Parathyroid Hormone. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 28:903-914. [PMID: 28246304 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphate (Pi) homeostasis is regulated by renal, intestinal, and endocrine mechanisms through which Pi intake stimulates parathyroid hormone (PTH) and fibroblast growth factor-23 secretion, increasing phosphaturia. Mechanisms underlying the early adaptive phase and the role of the intestine, however, remain ill defined. We investigated mineral, endocrine, and renal responses during the first 4 hours after intravenous and intragastric Pi loading in rats. Intravenous Pi loading (0.5 mmol) caused a transient rise in plasma Pi levels and creatinine clearance and an increase in phosphaturia within 10 minutes. Plasma calcium levels fell and PTH levels increased within 10 minutes and remained low or high, respectively. Fibroblast growth factor-23, 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D3, and insulin concentrations did not respond, but plasma dopamine levels increased by 4 hours. In comparison, gastric Pi loading elicited similar but delayed phosphaturia and endocrine responses but did not affect plasma mineral levels. Either intravenous or gastric loading led to decreased expression and activity of renal Pi transporters after 4 hours. In parathyroidectomized rats, however, only intravenous Pi loading caused phosphaturia, which was blunted and transient compared with that in intact rats. Intravenous but not gastric Pi loading in parathyroidectomized rats also led to higher creatinine clearance and lower plasma calcium levels but did not reduce the expression or activity of Pi transporters. This evidence suggests that an intravenous or intestinal Pi bolus causes rapid phosphaturia through mechanisms requiring PTH and downregulation of renal Pi transporters but does not support a role of the intestine in stimulating renal clearance of Pi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linto Thomas
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and National Centre for Competence in Research, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carla Bettoni
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and National Centre for Competence in Research, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Knöpfel
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and National Centre for Competence in Research, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nati Hernando
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and National Centre for Competence in Research, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Biber
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and National Centre for Competence in Research, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carsten A Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and National Centre for Competence in Research, Zurich, Switzerland
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94
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Abstract
Hypercalcemia occurs in up to 4% of the population in association with malignancy, primary hyperparathyroidism, ingestion of excessive calcium and/or vitamin D, ectopic production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D], and impaired degradation of 1,25(OH)2D. The ingestion of excessive amounts of vitamin D3 (or vitamin D2) results in hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria due to the formation of supraphysiological amounts of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] that bind to the vitamin D receptor, albeit with lower affinity than the active form of the vitamin, 1,25(OH)2D, and the formation of 5,6-trans 25(OH)D, which binds to the vitamin D receptor more tightly than 25(OH)D. In patients with granulomatous disease such as sarcoidosis or tuberculosis and tumors such as lymphomas, hypercalcemia occurs as a result of the activity of ectopic 25(OH)D-1-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) expressed in macrophages or tumor cells and the formation of excessive amounts of 1,25(OH)2D. Recent work has identified a novel cause of non-PTH-mediated hypercalcemia that occurs when the degradation of 1,25(OH)2D is impaired as a result of mutations of the 1,25(OH)2D-24-hydroxylase cytochrome P450 (CYP24A1). Patients with biallelic and, in some instances, monoallelic mutations of the CYP24A1 gene have elevated serum calcium concentrations associated with elevated serum 1,25(OH)2D, suppressed PTH concentrations, hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis, nephrolithiasis, and on occasion, reduced bone density. Of interest, first-time calcium renal stone formers have elevated 1,25(OH)2D and evidence of impaired 24-hydroxylase-mediated 1,25(OH)2D degradation. We will describe the biochemical processes associated with the synthesis and degradation of various vitamin D metabolites, the clinical features of the vitamin D-mediated hypercalcemia, their biochemical diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Tebben
- Divisions of Endocrinology (P.J.T., R.K.) and Nephrology and Hypertension (R.K.), and Departments of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (P.J.T.), Internal Medicine (P.J.T., R.K.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (R.J.S.), and Biochemistry in Molecular Biology (R.K.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Ravinder J Singh
- Divisions of Endocrinology (P.J.T., R.K.) and Nephrology and Hypertension (R.K.), and Departments of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (P.J.T.), Internal Medicine (P.J.T., R.K.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (R.J.S.), and Biochemistry in Molecular Biology (R.K.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Divisions of Endocrinology (P.J.T., R.K.) and Nephrology and Hypertension (R.K.), and Departments of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (P.J.T.), Internal Medicine (P.J.T., R.K.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (R.J.S.), and Biochemistry in Molecular Biology (R.K.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
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95
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Zhang X, Ke X, Pu Q, Yuan Y, Yang W, Luo X, Jiang Q, Hu X, Gong Y, Tang K, Su X, Liu L, Zhu W, Wei Y. MicroRNA-410 acts as oncogene in NSCLC through downregulating SLC34A2 via activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Oncotarget 2016; 7:14569-85. [PMID: 26910912 PMCID: PMC4924736 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
SLC34A2 had been reported to be down-regulated in human NSCLC cells and patient tissues, and played a significant role in lung cancer. However, the mechanism of its unusual expressionin NSCLC has not been fully elucidated. In present study, we identified SLC34A2 was a direct target of miR-410 and could be inhibited by miR-410 transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally. MiR-410 promoted the growth, invasion and migration of NSCLC cells in vitro. An orthotopic xenograft nude mouse model further affirmed that miR-410 promoted NSCLC cell growth and metastasis in vivo. Moreover, restoring SLC34A2 expression effectively reversed the miR-410-mediated promotion of cell growth, invasion and migration in NSCLC cells. In addition, miR-410high /SLC34A2low expression signature frequently existed in NSCLC cells and tumor tissues. MiR-410 significantly increased the expression of DVL2 and β-catenin protein while decreased that of Gsk3β protein of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, while SLC34A2 partly blocked the effects of miR-410 on those protein expressions. Hence, our data for the first time delineated that unusual expression of SLC34A2 was modulated by miR-410, and miR-410 might positivelycontribute to the tumorigenesis and development of NSCLC by down-regulating SLC34A2 and activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. MiR-410 might be a new potential therapeutic target for NSCLC.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma/secondary
- Adult
- Aged
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/secondary
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/secondary
- Cell Cycle
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prognosis
- Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins, Type IIb/antagonists & inhibitors
- Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins, Type IIb/genetics
- Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins, Type IIb/metabolism
- Survival Rate
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Wnt1 Protein/genetics
- Wnt1 Protein/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- beta Catenin/genetics
- beta Catenin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xixian Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Pu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinmei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueting Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lunxu Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
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96
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Atom Probe Tomographic Mapping Directly Reveals the Atomic Distribution of Phosphorus in Resin Embedded Ferritin. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22321. [PMID: 26924804 PMCID: PMC4770421 DOI: 10.1038/srep22321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we report the atomic-scale analysis of biological interfaces within the ferritin protein using atom probe tomography that is facilitated by an advanced specimen preparation approach. Embedding ferritin in an organic polymer resin lacking nitrogen provided chemical contrast to visualise atomic distributions and distinguish the inorganic-organic interface of the ferrihydrite mineral core and protein shell, as well as the organic-organic interface between the ferritin protein shell and embedding resin. In addition, we definitively show the atomic-scale distribution of phosphorus as being at the surface of the ferrihydrite mineral with the distribution of sodium mapped within the protein shell environment with an enhanced distribution at the mineral/protein interface. The sample preparation method is robust and can be directly extended to further enhance the study of biological, organic and inorganic nanomaterials relevant to health, energy or the environment.
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97
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Chen P, Tang Q, Wang C. Characterizing and evaluating the expression of the type IIb sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter (slc34a2) gene and its potential influence on phosphorus utilization efficiency in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2016; 42:51-64. [PMID: 26298316 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0116-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter gene, NaPi-IIb (slc34a2), was isolated from yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) intestine through homology cloning and the rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The full-length cDNA of slc34a2 consisted of 2326 bp with an open reading frame encoding 621 amino acids, a 160-bp 5' untranslated region, and a 300-bp 3' untranslated region. The deduced amino acid sequence showed 79.0 and 70.9% sequence identity to Astyanax mexicanus and Pundamilia nyererei, respectively. The membrane-spanning domains based on the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of the deduced amino acids were predicted, and results showed that the putative protein had eight transmembrane domains, with the intracellular NH2 and COOH termini. Two functional regions including first intracellular loop and third extracellular loop as well as the six N-glycosylation sites in second extracellular loop were found. The slc34a2 mRNA in the tested tissues was examined through semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and quantitative real-time PCR, with the highest level found in the anterior intestine, followed by the posterior and middle intestines. The slc34a2 mRNA expression in the whole intestine under different dietary phosphorus (P) treatments was detected using qPCR. The results showed that the slc34a2 expression levels in the low-P groups (0.33 and 0.56%) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than levels in the sufficient-P (0.81%) and high-P (1.15, 1.31, and 1.57%) groups. High expression of slc34a2 mRNA in low-P groups stimulated P utilization efficiency, indicating the close relationship between genotype and phenotype in yellow catfish. In contrast with conventional strategies (formula and feeding strategies), this study provided another possible approach by using molecular techniques to increase the P utilization in yellow catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Chen
- The College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Tang
- The College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunfang Wang
- The College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
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98
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Tatsumi S, Miyagawa A, Kaneko I, Shiozaki Y, Segawa H, Miyamoto KI. Regulation of renal phosphate handling: inter-organ communication in health and disease. J Bone Miner Metab 2016; 34:1-10. [PMID: 26296817 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-015-0705-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we focus on the interconnection of inorganic phosphate (Pi) homeostasis in the network of the bone-kidney, parathyroid-kidney, intestine-kidney, and liver-kidney axes. Such a network of organ communication is important for body Pi homeostasis. Normalization of serum Pi levels is a clinical target in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Particularly, disorders of the fibroblast growth factor 23/klotho system are observed in early CKD. Identification of phosphaturic factors from the intestine and liver may enhance our understanding of body Pi homeostasis and Pi metabolism disturbances in CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawako Tatsumi
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Atsumi Miyagawa
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kaneko
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yuji Shiozaki
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroko Segawa
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Miyamoto
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
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99
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Christakos S, Dhawan P, Verstuyf A, Verlinden L, Carmeliet G. Vitamin D: Metabolism, Molecular Mechanism of Action, and Pleiotropic Effects. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:365-408. [PMID: 26681795 PMCID: PMC4839493 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00014.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1071] [Impact Index Per Article: 133.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
1,25-Dihydroxvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] is the hormonally active form of vitamin D. The genomic mechanism of 1,25(OH)2D3 action involves the direct binding of the 1,25(OH)2D3 activated vitamin D receptor/retinoic X receptor (VDR/RXR) heterodimeric complex to specific DNA sequences. Numerous VDR co-regulatory proteins have been identified, and genome-wide studies have shown that the actions of 1,25(OH)2D3 involve regulation of gene activity at a range of locations many kilobases from the transcription start site. The structure of the liganded VDR/RXR complex was recently characterized using cryoelectron microscopy, X-ray scattering, and hydrogen deuterium exchange. These recent technological advances will result in a more complete understanding of VDR coactivator interactions, thus facilitating cell and gene specific clinical applications. Although the identification of mechanisms mediating VDR-regulated transcription has been one focus of recent research in the field, other topics of fundamental importance include the identification and functional significance of proteins involved in the metabolism of vitamin D. CYP2R1 has been identified as the most important 25-hydroxylase, and a critical role for CYP24A1 in humans was noted in studies showing that inactivating mutations in CYP24A1 are a probable cause of idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia. In addition, studies using knockout and transgenic mice have provided new insight on the physiological role of vitamin D in classical target tissues as well as evidence of extraskeletal effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 including inhibition of cancer progression, effects on the cardiovascular system, and immunomodulatory effects in certain autoimmune diseases. Some of the mechanistic findings in mouse models have also been observed in humans. The identification of similar pathways in humans could lead to the development of new therapies to prevent and treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Christakos
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; and Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Puneet Dhawan
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; and Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annemieke Verstuyf
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; and Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieve Verlinden
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; and Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Carmeliet
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; and Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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100
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Villa-Bellosta R. Vascular Calcification Revisited: A New Perspective for Phosphate Transport. Curr Cardiol Rev 2015; 11:341-351. [PMID: 26242187 PMCID: PMC4774640 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x11666150805120505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated serum phosphorus has emerged as a key risk factor for pathologic calcification of
cardiovascular structures, or vascular calcification (VC). To prevent the formation of calciumphosphate
deposits (CPD), the body uses adenosine-5’-triphosphate (ATP) to synthesize inhibitors of
calcification, including proteins and inhibitors of low molecular weight. Extracellular pyrophosphate
(PPi) is a potent inhibitor of VC, which is produced during extracellular hydrolysis of ATP. Loss of
function in the enzymes and transporters that are involved in the cycle of extracellular ATP, including
Pi transporters, leads to excessive deposition of calcium-phosphate salts. Treatment of hyperphosphatemia
with Pi-binders and Injection of exogenous PPi are the effective treatments to prevent CPD
in the aortic wall. The role of sodium phosphate cotransporters in ectopic calcification is contradictory and not well defined,
but their important role in the control of intracellular Pi levels and the synthesis of ATP make them an important
target to study.
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