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Zhang L, Cao B, Zou Y, Wei QQ, Ou R, Zhao B, Yang J, Wu Y, Shang H. Frontal lobe function, behavioral changes and quality of life in patients with multiple system atrophy. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2019; 37:11-19. [PMID: 30741706 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-180862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment is an important and common symptom in patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA). OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to explore the potential relationships among frontal lobe function, behavioral changes and quality of life (QoL) in patients with MSA. METHODS A total of 203 MSA patients were enrolled and evaluated using the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), the Frontal Behavioral Inventory (FBI) and the Parkinson's disease Questionnaire-39 item version (PDQ-39). Seventy-eight age-, sex-, and education-matched healthy controls were recruited to complete the FAB. RESULTS Among MSA patients, those with frontal lobe dysfunction were older (P = 0.005), had older age of onset (P = 0.002), lower educational level (P < 0.001), higher scores in the PDQ-39 domains of mobility (P = 0.042), ADL (P = 0.020), cognition (P < 0.001) and communication compared to those with normal frontal lobe function. The most common frontal behavioral changes were logopenia followed by apathy and inflexibility. The severity of frontal behavioral changes was associated with MSA subtype (P = 0.015), disease severity (Unified Multiple System Atrophy Rating Scale-I (UMSARS-I), UMSARS-II, UMSARS-IV, and total UMSARS scores) (P < 0.001), orthostatic hypotension (P = 0.022), severity of depressive symptoms and total score on the PDQ-39 (P < 0.001). Binary logistic regression showed that the determinants of poor QoL in patients with MSA were disease severity (UMSARS-I and total UMSARS scores) (P < 0.05), depression (P = 0.013) and total FBI score (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Frontal behavioral changes were potential determinants of poor QoL in MSA, in addition to the disease severity and depressive symptoms. Early discovery and management of frontal behavioral changes in addition to motor and depressive symptoms will help to improve the QoL of MSA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- LingYu Zhang
- Department of Neurology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics (West China Hospital), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bei Cao
- Department of Neurology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics (West China Hospital), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yutong Zou
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian-Qian Wei
- Department of Neurology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics (West China Hospital), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - RuWei Ou
- Department of Neurology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics (West China Hospital), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bi Zhao
- Department of Neurology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics (West China Hospital), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Neurology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics (West China Hospital), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Neurology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics (West China Hospital), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - HuiFang Shang
- Department of Neurology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics (West China Hospital), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Foster AY, Bujalka H, Emery B. Axoglial interactions in myelin plasticity: Evaluating the relationship between neuronal activity and oligodendrocyte dynamics. Glia 2019; 67:2038-2049. [PMID: 31038804 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Myelin is a critical component of the vertebrate nervous system, both increasing the conduction velocity of myelinated axons and allowing for metabolic coupling between the myelinating cells and axons. An increasing number of studies demonstrate that myelination is not simply a developmentally hardwired program, but rather that new myelinating oligodendrocytes can be generated throughout life. The generation of these oligodendrocytes and the formation of myelin are influenced both during development and adulthood by experience and levels of neuronal activity. This led to the concept of adaptive myelination, where ongoing activity-dependent changes to myelin represent a form of neural plasticity, refining neuronal functioning, and circuitry. Although human neuroimaging experiments support the concept of dynamic changes within specific white matter tracts relevant to individual tasks, animal studies have only just begun to probe the extent to which neuronal activity may alter myelination at the level of individual circuits and axons. Uncovering the role of adaptive myelination requires a detailed understanding of the localized interactions that occur between active axons and myelinating cells. In this review, we focus on recent animal studies that have begun to investigate the interactions between active axons and myelinating cells and review the evidence for-and against-the ability of neuronal activity to alter myelination at an axon-specific level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoinette Y Foster
- Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Helena Bujalka
- Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ben Emery
- Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
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Alber J, Alladi S, Bae HJ, Barton DA, Beckett LA, Bell JM, Berman SE, Biessels GJ, Black SE, Bos I, Bowman GL, Brai E, Brickman AM, Callahan BL, Corriveau RA, Fossati S, Gottesman RF, Gustafson DR, Hachinski V, Hayden KM, Helman AM, Hughes TM, Isaacs JD, Jefferson AL, Johnson SC, Kapasi A, Kern S, Kwon JC, Kukolja J, Lee A, Lockhart SN, Murray A, Osborn KE, Power MC, Price BR, Rhodius-Meester HF, Rondeau JA, Rosen AC, Rosene DL, Schneider JA, Scholtzova H, Shaaban CE, Silva NC, Snyder HM, Swardfager W, Troen AM, van Veluw SJ, Vemuri P, Wallin A, Wellington C, Wilcock DM, Xie SX, Hainsworth AH. White matter hyperintensities in vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID): Knowledge gaps and opportunities. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2019; 5:107-117. [PMID: 31011621 PMCID: PMC6461571 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are frequently seen on brain magnetic resonance imaging scans of older people. Usually interpreted clinically as a surrogate for cerebral small vessel disease, WMHs are associated with increased likelihood of cognitive impairment and dementia (including Alzheimer's disease [AD]). WMHs are also seen in cognitively healthy people. In this collaboration of academic, clinical, and pharmaceutical industry perspectives, we identify outstanding questions about WMHs and their relation to cognition, dementia, and AD. What molecular and cellular changes underlie WMHs? What are the neuropathological correlates of WMHs? To what extent are demyelination and inflammation present? Is it helpful to subdivide into periventricular and subcortical WMHs? What do WMHs signify in people diagnosed with AD? What are the risk factors for developing WMHs? What preventive and therapeutic strategies target WMHs? Answering these questions will improve prevention and treatment of WMHs and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Alber
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Suvarna Alladi
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Hee-Joon Bae
- Cerebrovascular Disease Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - David A. Barton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Laurel A. Beckett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Sara E. Berman
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Geert Jan Biessels
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra E. Black
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Isabelle Bos
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School for Mental Health & Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gene L. Bowman
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Adam M. Brickman
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brandy L. Callahan
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary & Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Roderick A. Corriveau
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary & Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Silvia Fossati
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca F. Gottesman
- Division of Cerebrovascular Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Deborah R. Gustafson
- Section for NeuroEpidemiology, State University of New York - Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | | | - Kathleen M. Hayden
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Alex M. Helman
- University of Kentucky, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Timothy M. Hughes
- Department of Internal Medicine – Section of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jeremy D. Isaacs
- St George's University of London and Department of Neurology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Angela L. Jefferson
- Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sterling C. Johnson
- Department of Medicine-Geriatrics, Institute on Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Alifiya Kapasi
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Silke Kern
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jay C. Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Changwon Fatima Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - Juraj Kukolja
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Athene Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Samuel N. Lockhart
- Department of Internal Medicine – Section of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Anne Murray
- Berman Center for Outcomes and Clinical Research, 20298 Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Katie E. Osborn
- Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Melinda C. Power
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Brittani R. Price
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Hanneke F.M. Rhodius-Meester
- Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Allyson C. Rosen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Douglas L. Rosene
- Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie A. Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago IL, USA
| | | | - C. Elizabeth Shaaban
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health & Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Narlon C.B.S. Silva
- School of Kinesiology, Western Centre for Public Health & Family Medicine, London, ON, Canada
| | - Heather M. Snyder
- Division of Medical and Scientific Relations, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Walter Swardfager
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aron M. Troen
- Institute of Biochemistry Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Susanne J. van Veluw
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Anders Wallin
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cheryl Wellington
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Donna M. Wilcock
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Sharon Xiangwen Xie
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Atticus H. Hainsworth
- Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London and Department of Neurology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Prokhorova TA, Boksha IS, Savushkina OK, Tereshkina EB, Burbaeva GS. [α-Klotho protein in neurodegenerative and mental diseases]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2019; 119:80-88. [PMID: 30778037 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201911901180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The review aims to attract attention of psychiatrists and neurologists to a role of α-Klotho protein in biochemical mechanisms that counteract pathogenic processes of neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases and to possible therapeutic potential of the protein. Basing on the analysis of contemporary literature, the authors summarized the results of model experiments and a few clinical trials (in psychiatry and neurology) indicating the role of α-Klotho protein in the brain processes of neurogenesis, dendrite growth, myelination (oligodendroglia differentiation and activity), regulation of antioxidant system, and synthesis of glutamate neurotransmitter system components, regulation of the activity and synthesis of ion channel protein components and membrane transporters, synaptic plasticity. It is concluded that α-Klotho protein can be used for therapeutic purposes in diseases associated with pathological brain aging, and/or in diseases associated with insufficient synthesis of this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - I S Boksha
- Mental Health Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
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Ryan MC, Kochunov P, Sherman PM, Rowland LM, Wijtenburg SA, Acheson A, Hong LE, Sladky J, McGuire S. Miniature pig magnetic resonance spectroscopy model of normal adolescent brain development. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 308:173-182. [PMID: 30099002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We are developing the miniature pig (Sus scrofa domestica), an in-vivo translational, gyrencephalic model for brain development, as an alternative to laboratory rodents/non-human primates. We analyzed longitudinal changes in adolescent pigs using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and examined the relationship with white matter (WM) integrity derived from diffusion weighted imaging (DWI). NEW METHOD Twelve female Sinclair™ pigs underwent three imaging/spectroscopy sessions every 23.95 ± 3.73 days beginning at three months of age using a clinical 3 T scanner. 1H-MRS data were collected using 1.2 × 1.0 × 3.0 cm voxels placed in left and right hemisphere WM using a Point Resolved Spectroscopy sequence (TR = 2000 ms, TE = 30 ms). Concentrations of N-acetylaspartate, myo-inositol (MI), glutamate + glutamine, choline, creatine, and macromolecules (MM) 09 and 14 were averaged from both hemispheres. DWI data were collected using 15 shells of b-values (b = 0-3500 s/mm2) with 32 directions/shell and fit using the WM Tract Integrity model to calculate fractional anisotropy (FA), kurtosis anisotropy (KA) and permeability-diffusivity index. RESULTS MI and MM09 significantly declined with age. Increased FA and KA significantly correlated with decline in MI and MM09. Correlations lost significance once corrected for age. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS MRI scanners/protocols can be used to collect 1H-MRS and DWI data in pigs. Pigs have a larger, more complex, gyrencephalic brain than laboratory rodents but are less complex than non-human primates, thus satisfying the "replacement" principle of animal research. CONCLUSIONS Longitudinal effects in MRS measurements were similar to those reported in adolescent humans. MRS changes correlated with diffusion measurements indicating ongoing WM myelination/maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghann C Ryan
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 55 Wade Avenue, Catonsville, MD 21228, United States.
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 55 Wade Avenue, Catonsville, MD 21228, United States.
| | - Paul M Sherman
- U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, Aeromedical Research Department, 2510 5th Street, Building 840, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433-7913, United States; Department of Radiology, 59thMedical Wing, 1100 Wilford Hall Loop, Bldg 4551, Joint Base San Antonio, TX, 78236, United States.
| | - Laura M Rowland
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 55 Wade Avenue, Catonsville, MD 21228, United States.
| | - S Andrea Wijtenburg
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 55 Wade Avenue, Catonsville, MD 21228, United States.
| | - Ashley Acheson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham St., Little Rock, AR, 72205, United States.
| | - L Elliot Hong
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 55 Wade Avenue, Catonsville, MD 21228, United States.
| | - John Sladky
- U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, Aeromedical Research Department, 2510 5th Street, Building 840, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433-7913, United States; Department of Neurology, 59th Medical Wing, 1100 Wilford Hall Loop, Bldg 4551, Joint Base San Antonio, Lackland AFB, TX, 78236, United States.
| | - Stephen McGuire
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States.
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Leone S, Recinella L, Chiavaroli A, Ferrante C, Orlando G, Vacca M, Salvatori R, Brunetti L. Behavioural phenotyping, learning and memory in young and aged growth hormone-releasing hormone-knockout mice. Endocr Connect 2018; 7:924-931. [PMID: 30300535 PMCID: PMC6130317 DOI: 10.1530/ec-18-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) plays an important role in brain functions. The aim of this study was to examine cognitive functions and emotional behaviour in a mouse model of isolated GH deficiency due to bi-allelic ablation of the GHRH gene (GHRH knockout, GHRHKO). METHODS Learning, memory and emotional behaviour were evaluated using a series of validated tests (Morris water maze, eight-arm radial maze, open field, elevated plus maze test, forced swim tests) in 2-, 5- and 12-month-old male mice either homozygous (−/−) or heterozygous (+/−) for the GHRHKO allele. RESULTS Compared with age-matched +/− mice, −/− mice showed decreased cognitive performance in Morris water maze and eight-arm radial maze tests. By comparing the effects of aging in each genotype, we observed an age-related impairment in test results in +/− mice, while in −/− mice a significant decline in cognitive function was found only in 12 months compared with 2-month-old mice, but no difference was found between 5 months old vs 2 months old. −/− mice showed increased exploration activity compared to age-matched +/− controls, while both strains of mice had an age-related decrease in exploration activity. When evaluated through open field, elevated plus maze and forced swim tests, −/− mice demonstrated a decrease in anxiety and depression-related behaviour compared to age-matched +/− controls. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that homozygous ablation of GHRH gene is associated with decreased performance in learning and memory tests, possibly linked to increased spontaneous locomotor activity. In addition, we observed an age-related decline in cognitive functions in both genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Leone
- Department of PharmacyG. d’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Lucia Recinella
- Department of PharmacyG. d’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | - Giustino Orlando
- Department of PharmacyG. d’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence should be addressed to G Orlando:
| | - Michele Vacca
- Department of PharmacyG. d’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Roberto Salvatori
- Division of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of PharmacyG. d’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
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Delafontaine-Martel P, Lefebvre J, Tardif PL, Lévy BI, Pouliot P, Lesage F. Whole brain vascular imaging in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease with two-photon microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 23:1-10. [PMID: 29998647 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.7.076501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Given known correlations between vascular health and cognitive impairment, the development of tools to image microvasculature in the whole brain could help investigate these correlations. We explore the feasibility of using an automated serial two-photon microscope to image fluorescent gelatin-filled whole rodent brains in three-dimensions (3-D) with the goal of carrying group studies. Vascular density (VD) was computed using automatic segmentation combined with coregistration techniques to build a group-level vascular metric in the whole brain. Focusing on the medial prefrontal cortex, cerebral cortex, the olfactory bulb, and the hippocampal formation, we compared the VD of three age groups (2-, 4.5-, and 8-months-old), for both wild type mice and a transgenic model (APP/PS1) with pathology resembling Alzheimer's disease (AD). We report a general loss of VD caused by the aging process with a small VD increase in the diseased animals in the somatomotor and somatosensory cortical regions and the olfactory bulb, partly supported by MRI perfusion data. This study supports previous observations that AD transgenic mice show a higher VD in specific regions compared with WT mice during the early and late stages of the disease (4.5 to 8 months), extending results to whole brain mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joel Lefebvre
- Ecole Polytechnique Montréal, Department of Electrical Engineering, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pier-Luc Tardif
- Ecole Polytechnique Montréal, Department of Electrical Engineering, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bernard I Lévy
- Vessels and Blood Institute, Inserm U970 and Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Pouliot
- Ecole Polytechnique Montréal, Department of Electrical Engineering, Quebec, Canada
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Lesage
- Ecole Polytechnique Montréal, Department of Electrical Engineering, Quebec, Canada
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Jorgensen DR, Shaaban CE, Wiley CA, Gianaros PJ, Mettenburg J, Rosano C. A population neuroscience approach to the study of cerebral small vessel disease in midlife and late life: an invited review. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 314:H1117-H1136. [PMID: 29393657 PMCID: PMC6032084 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00535.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aging in later life engenders numerous changes to the cerebral microvasculature. Such changes can remain clinically silent but are associated with greater risk for negative health outcomes over time. Knowledge is limited about the pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of potentially detrimental changes in the cerebral microvasculature that occur with advancing age. In this review, we summarize literature on aging of the cerebral microvasculature, and we propose a conceptual framework to fill existing research gaps and advance future work on this heterogeneous phenomenon. We propose that the major gaps in this area are attributable to an incomplete characterization of cerebrovascular pathology, the populations being studied, and the temporality of exposure to risk factors. Specifically, currently available measures of age-related cerebral microvasculature changes are indirect, primarily related to parenchymal damage rather than direct quantification of small vessel damage, limiting the understanding of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) itself. Moreover, studies seldom account for variability in the health-related conditions or interactions with risk factors, which are likely determinants of cSVD pathogenesis. Finally, study designs are predominantly cross-sectional and/or have relied on single time point measures, leaving no clear evidence of time trajectories of risk factors or of change in cerebral microvasculature. We argue that more resources should be invested in 1) developing methodological approaches and basic science models to better understand the pathogenic and etiological nature of age-related brain microvascular diseases and 2) implementing state-of-the-science population study designs that account for the temporal evolution of cerebral microvascular changes in diverse populations across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana R Jorgensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - C Elizabeth Shaaban
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Clayton A Wiley
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Peter J Gianaros
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph Mettenburg
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Caterina Rosano
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Chopra S, Shaw M, Shaw T, Sachdev PS, Anstey KJ, Cherbuin N. More highly myelinated white matter tracts are associated with faster processing speed in healthy adults. Neuroimage 2018; 171:332-340. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Sun J, Zhou H, Bai F, Zhang Z, Ren Q. Remyelination: A Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Alzheimer's Disease? J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 58:597-612. [PMID: 28453483 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Myelin is a lipid-rich multilamellar membrane that wraps around long segments of neuronal axons and it increases the conduction of action potentials, transports the necessary trophic support to the neuronal axons, and reduces the energy consumed by the neuronal axons. Together with axons, myelin is a prerequisite for the higher functions of the central nervous system and complex forms of network integration. Myelin impairments have been suggested to lead to neuronal dysfunction and cognitive decline. Accumulating evidence, including brain imaging and postmortem and genetic association studies, has implicated myelin impairments in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Increasing data link myelin impairments with amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and tau hyperphosphorylation, which are both present in patients with AD. Moreover, aging and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) may be involved in the myelin impairments observed in patients with AD. Decreased neuronal activity, increased Aβ levels, and inflammation further damage myelin in patients with AD. Furthermore, treatments that promote myelination contribute to the recovery of neuronal function and improve cognition. Therefore, strategies targeting myelin impairment may provide therapeutic opportunities for patients with AD.
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Ryan MC, Sherman P, Rowland LM, Wijtenburg SA, Acheson A, Fieremans E, Veraart J, Novikov DS, Hong LE, Sladky J, Peralta PD, Kochunov P, McGuire SA. Miniature pig model of human adolescent brain white matter development. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 296:99-108. [PMID: 29277719 PMCID: PMC5817010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroscience research in brain development and disorders can benefit from an in vivo animal model that portrays normal white matter (WM) development trajectories and has a sufficiently large cerebrum for imaging with human MRI scanners and protocols. NEW METHOD Twelve three-month-old Sinclair™ miniature pigs (Sus scrofa domestica) were longitudinally evaluated during adolescent development using advanced diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) focused on cerebral WM. Animals had three MRI scans every 23.95 ± 3.73 days using a 3-T scanner. The DWI imaging protocol closely modeled advanced human structural protocols and consisted of fifteen b-shells (b = 0-3500 s/mm2) with 32-directions/shell. DWI data were analyzed using diffusion kurtosis and bi-exponential modeling that provided measurements that included fractional anisotropy (FA), radial kurtosis, kurtosis anisotropy (KA), axial kurtosis, tortuosity, and permeability-diffusivity index (PDI). RESULTS Significant longitudinal effects of brain development were observed for whole-brain average FA, KA, and PDI (all p < 0.001). There were expected regional differences in trends, with corpus callosum fibers showing the highest rate of change. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) Pigs have a large, gyrencephalic brain that can be studied using clinical MRI scanners/protocols. Pigs are less complex than non-human primates thus satisfying the "replacement" principle of animal research. CONCLUSIONS Longitudinal effects were observed for whole-brain and regional diffusion measurements. The changes in diffusion measurements were interepreted as evidence for ongoing myelination and maturation of cerebral WM. Corpus callosum and superficial cortical WM showed the expected higher rates of change, mirroring results in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghann C Ryan
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 55 Wade Avenue, Catonsville, MD 21228, United States
| | - Paul Sherman
- U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, Aeromedical Research Department, 2510 5th Street, Building 840, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433-7913, United States
| | - Laura M Rowland
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 55 Wade Avenue, Catonsville, MD 21228, United States
| | - S Andrea Wijtenburg
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 55 Wade Avenue, Catonsville, MD 21228, United States
| | - Ashley Acheson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham St, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Els Fieremans
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, 660 1st Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Jelle Veraart
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, 660 1st Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Dmitry S Novikov
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, 660 1st Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - L Elliot Hong
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 55 Wade Avenue, Catonsville, MD 21228, United States
| | - John Sladky
- U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, Aeromedical Research Department, 2510 5th Street, Building 840, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433-7913, United States; Department of Neurology, 59th Medical Wing, 2200 Bergquist Drive, Suite 1, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland AFB, TX 78236, United States
| | - P Dana Peralta
- Department of Neurology, 59th Medical Wing, 2200 Bergquist Drive, Suite 1, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland AFB, TX 78236, United States
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 55 Wade Avenue, Catonsville, MD 21228, United States.
| | - Stephen A McGuire
- U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, Aeromedical Research Department, 2510 5th Street, Building 840, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433-7913, United States; Department of Neurology, 59th Medical Wing, 2200 Bergquist Drive, Suite 1, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland AFB, TX 78236, United States
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Robinson AA, Abraham CR, Rosene DL. Candidate molecular pathways of white matter vulnerability in the brain of normal aging rhesus monkeys. GeroScience 2018; 40:31-47. [PMID: 29357021 PMCID: PMC5832663 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-018-0006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian aging is associated with decline in cognitive functions. Studies searching for a cause of cognitive aging initially focused on neuronal loss but quantitative investigations of rat, monkey, and human brain using stereology demonstrated that in normal aging, unlike in neurodegenerative disease, neurons are not lost. Instead, electron microscopic and MRI studies in normal aging monkeys revealed age-related damage to myelin sheaths, loss of axons, and reduction in white matter volume which correlates with cognitive impairments. However, little is known about the cause of myelin defects or associated axon loss. The present study investigates the effect of age on signaling pathways between oligodendroglia and neurons using a custom PCR array to assess the expression of 87 genes of interest in cortical gray matter and white matter from the inferior parietal lobe (IPL) of normal rhesus monkeys ranging in age from 4.2 to 30.4 years old. From this array data, five target genes of interest were selected for further analysis to confirm gene expression and measure protein expression. The most interesting target gene identified is brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which was the only gene that was altered at both mRNA and protein levels. In gray matter, BDNF mRNA was decreased. While the level of the mature form of the protein was unchanged, there was a specific decrease in the precursor form of BDNF. These alterations in the BDNF in gray matter could contribute to the vulnerability and loss of the axons with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy A. Robinson
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Carmela R. Abraham
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Douglas L. Rosene
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118 USA
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
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Ibáñez-Contreras A, Hernández-Arciga U, Poblano A, Arteaga-Silva M, Hernández-Godínez B, Mendoza-Cuevas GI, Toledo-Pérez R, Alarcón-Aguilar A, González-Puertos VY, Konigsberg M. Electrical activity of sensory pathways in female and male geriatric Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), and its relation to oxidative stress. Exp Gerontol 2017; 101:80-94. [PMID: 29146475 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Synapses loss during aging has been related to decreased neuronal excitability and reduced electrophysiological activity in the nervous system, as well as to increased brain damage. Those physiological and biochemical alterations have been related to the oxidative stress increase associated with old age. The main substrate of lipid peroxidation (LPX) in the central and peripheral nervous systems are the myelin sheaths, and their damage generates a delayed nerve conduction velocity. However, studies in which the neural conduction velocity is related to changes in the redox state are still lacking. Therefore, our aim was to correlate the sensory neural pathways delay in healthy geriatric Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) with the oxidative stress associated with physiological aging. Twenty-four monkeys were divided into four groups according to age and gender. Auditory, visual, and somatosensory evoked potentials were obtained. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase enzymatic activity, as well as LPX, were determined from blood samples. Our results showed significant differences between the older and younger age groups in all neural generators of the different sensory pathways evaluated, along with an increase in LPX and the antioxidant enzymatic activities. It suggests that, even though the enzymatic activity was found to be higher in older monkeys, probably as a compensatory effect, it was not enough to avoid LPX damage and the declined electric activity associated with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ibáñez-Contreras
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, México D.F., Mexico; APREXBIO S.A.S. de C.V., Laboratorio de Primatología, Ciudad de México, México D.F., Mexico; Biología Integral para Vertebrados (BIOINVERT®), Unidad de Experimentación Animal, Estado de México, Mexico; Centro de Investigación, Proyecto CAMINA A.C. Unidad de Primates No Humanos, Ciudad de México, México D.F., Mexico; Laboratorio de Bioenergética y envejecimiento celular, Depto. de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, México D.F., Mexico
| | - U Hernández-Arciga
- Laboratorio de Bioenergética y envejecimiento celular, Depto. de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, México D.F., Mexico
| | - A Poblano
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Cognoscitiva, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Ciudad de México, México D.F., Mexico
| | - M Arteaga-Silva
- Depto. Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, México D.F., Mexico
| | - B Hernández-Godínez
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, México D.F., Mexico; APREXBIO S.A.S. de C.V., Laboratorio de Primatología, Ciudad de México, México D.F., Mexico; Biología Integral para Vertebrados (BIOINVERT®), Unidad de Experimentación Animal, Estado de México, Mexico; Centro de Investigación, Proyecto CAMINA A.C. Unidad de Primates No Humanos, Ciudad de México, México D.F., Mexico; Centro Nacional de Investigación en Instrumentación e Imagenología Médica (CI3M), Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Unidad Iztapalapa (UAM-I), México D.F., Mexico
| | - G I Mendoza-Cuevas
- APREXBIO S.A.S. de C.V., Laboratorio de Primatología, Ciudad de México, México D.F., Mexico; Biología Integral para Vertebrados (BIOINVERT®), Unidad de Experimentación Animal, Estado de México, Mexico; Centro de Investigación, Proyecto CAMINA A.C. Unidad de Primates No Humanos, Ciudad de México, México D.F., Mexico
| | - R Toledo-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Bioenergética y envejecimiento celular, Depto. de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, México D.F., Mexico
| | - A Alarcón-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Bioenergética y envejecimiento celular, Depto. de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, México D.F., Mexico
| | - V Y González-Puertos
- Laboratorio de Bioenergética y envejecimiento celular, Depto. de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, México D.F., Mexico
| | - M Konigsberg
- Laboratorio de Bioenergética y envejecimiento celular, Depto. de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, México D.F., Mexico.
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Li P, Tsapanou A, Qolamreza RR, Gazes Y. White matter integrity mediates decline in age-related inhibitory control. Behav Brain Res 2017; 339:249-254. [PMID: 29126930 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous DTI studies have reported associations between white matter integrity and performance on the Stroop interference task. The current study aimed to add to these studies of inhibitory control by investigating how the differences in age and in white matter integrity relate to Stroop performance, and to examine whether the effect of age on Stroop performance is mediated by white matter integrity. 179 healthy adults from 20 to 80 years old were recruited in the study. DTI data were processed through TRACULA and the mean fractional anisotropy (FA) of 18 major white matter tracts were extracted and used for statistical analysis. Correlation analysis showed a strong negative relationship between age and the Stroop interference score (IG). Higher IG indicated better inhibitory control. Simple linear regression analyses indicated that most of the tracts showed negative relationships with age, and positive relationships with IG. Moderation effect of age on the relationship between FA and IG was tested on tracts that significantly predicted IG after multiple comparison corrections, but none of these moderations were significant. Then we tested if these tracts mediated the effect of age on IG and found significant indirect effects of age on IG through the FA of the left corticospinal tract and through the right inferior longitudinal fasciculus. Our results highlight the role of a number of major white matter tracts in the processes supporting the Stroop inhibitory performance and further pinpointed the lower white matter integrity of specific tracts as contributors to the decrease in inhibitory control ability associated with the Stroop test in older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Li
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W168th Street, P&S Box 16, New York, NY 10032, United States.
| | - Angeliki Tsapanou
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W168th Street, P&S Box 16, New York, NY 10032, United States.
| | - Razlighi R Qolamreza
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W168th Street, P&S Box 16, New York, NY 10032, United States.
| | - Yunglin Gazes
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W168th Street, P&S Box 16, New York, NY 10032, United States.
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Chen JC, Wang X, Serre M, Cen S, Franklin M, Espeland M. Particulate Air Pollutants, Brain Structure, and Neurocognitive Disorders in Older Women. Res Rep Health Eff Inst 2017; 2017:1-65. [PMID: 31898881 PMCID: PMC7266369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction An increasing number of studies have suggested that exposure to particulate matter (PM) may represent a novel - and potentially amendable - environmental determinant of brain aging. The current longitudinal environmental epidemiological study addressed some important knowledge gaps in this emerging field, which combines the study of air pollution and neuroepidemiology. The investigators hypothesized that long-term PM exposure adversely influences global brain volume and brain regions (e.g., frontal lobe or hippocampus) that are critical to memory and complex cognitive processing or that are affected by neuropathological changes in dementia. It was also hypothesized that long-term PM exposure results in neurovascular damage and may increase the risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and -dementia. Methods The investigators selected a well-characterized and geographically diverse population of older women (N = 7,479; average age = 71.0 ± 3.8 years at baseline) in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Memory Study (WHIMS) cohort (1996-2007), which included a subcohort (n = 1,403) enrolled in the WHIMS-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (WHIMS-MRI) study (2005-2006). Residence-specific yearly exposures to PM ≤ 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM₂.₅) were estimated using a Bayesian maximum entropy spatiotemporal model of annual monitoring data (1999-2007) recorded in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) Air Quality System (AQS). Annual exposures (1996-2005) to diesel PM (DPM) were assigned to each residential census tract in a nationwide spatiotemporal mapping, based on a generalized additive model (GAM), to conduct census tract-specific temporal interpolation of DPM on-road estimates given by the U.S. EPA National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment Program. Multiple linear regression and multicovariate-adjusted Cox models were used to examine the associations, with statistical adjustment for multiple potential confounders. Results The investigators found that participants had smaller brain volumes, especially in the normal-appearing white matter (WM), if they lived in locations with higher levels of cumulative exposure (1999-2006) to PM ₂.₅ before the brain MRI scans were performed. The associations were not explained by sociodemographic factors, socioeconomic status, lifestyle factors, or other clinical characteristics. Analyses showed that the adverse effect on brain structure in the participants was driven primarily by the smaller WM volumes associated with cumulative PM₂.₅ exposures, which were present in the WM divisions of the association brain area (frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes) and corpus callosum. Increased DPM exposures were associated with larger ventricular volume, suggesting an overall atrophic effect on the aging brains. The participants tended to have smaller gray matter (GM) volumes if they lived in areas with the highest (i.e., fourth quartile) estimated cumulative DPM exposure in the 10 years before the brain MRI scans, compared with women in the first to third quartiles. This observed association was present in the total brain GM and in the association brain cortices. The associations with normal-appearing WM varied by DPM exposure range. For women with estimated cumulative exposure below that of the fourth quartile, increased DPM estimates were associated with smaller WM volumes. However, for women with increased cumulative DPM exposures estimates in the fourth quartile, WM volumes were larger. This pattern of association was found consistently in the association brain area; no measurable difference was found in the volume of the corpus callosum. These observed adverse effects of cumulative exposure to PM₂.₅ (linking exposure with smaller WM volumes) and to DPM (linking exposure in the highest quartile with smaller GM volumes) were not significantly modified by existing cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, obesity, or measured white blood cell (WBC) count. MRI measurements of the structural brain showed no differences in small-vessel ischemic diseases (SVID) in participants with varying levels of cumulative exposure to PM₂.₅ (1999-2006) or DPM (1996-2005), and no associations between PM exposures and SVID volumes were noted for total brain, association brain area, GM, or WM. For neurocognitive outcomes followed until 2007, the investigators found no evidence for increased risk of MCI/dementia associated with long-term PM exposures. Although exploratory secondary analyses showed different patterns of associations linking PM exposures separately with MCI and dementia, none of the -results was statistically significant. A similar lack of associations between PM exposures and MCI/dementia was found across the subgroups, with no strong indications for effect modification by cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, obesity, or WBC count. Conclusions The investigators concluded that their study findings support the hypothesized brain-structure neurotoxicity associated with PM exposures, a result that is in line with emerging neurotoxicological data. However, the investigators found no evidence of increased risk of MCI/dementia associated with long-term PM exposures. To better test the neurovascular effect hypothesis in PM-associated neurotoxic effects on the aging brain, the investigators recommend that future studies pay greater attention to selecting optimal populations with repeated measurements of cerebrovascular damage and address the possibility of selection biases accordingly. To further investigate the long-term consequence of brain-structure neurotoxicity on pathological brain aging, future researchers should take the pathobiologically heterogeneous neurocognitive outcomes into account and design adequately powered prospective cohort studies with improved exposure estimation and valid outcome ascertainment to assess whether PM-associated neurotoxicity increases the risks of pathological brain aging, including MCI and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-C Chen
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - X Wang
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - M Serre
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - S Cen
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - M Franklin
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - M Espeland
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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Boksha IS, Prokhorova TA, Savushkina OK, Tereshkina EB. Klotho protein: Its role in aging and central nervous system pathology. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 82:990-1005. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917090024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Zheng J, Ding W, Li B, Yang Y. RETRACTED: Enriched environment promotes remyelination and motor function recovery through modulation of HDAC1/2 in mice. Neurosci Lett 2017. [PMID: 28648457 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal).
Several incorrect western blot bands were included in this paper in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5. In light of this duplication and data misrepresentation, the authors decided to retract this paper from Neuroscience Letters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Center for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Weijun Ding
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Baoming Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Center for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China.
| | - Youjun Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China.
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Freyschlag CF, Kerschbaumer J, Thomé C. Comment on: Neurocognitive function varies by IDH1 genetic mutation status in patients with malignant glioma prior to surgical resection. Neuro Oncol 2017; 19:597-598. [PMID: 28339651 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claudius Thomé
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Shobin E, Bowley MP, Estrada LI, Heyworth NC, Orczykowski ME, Eldridge SA, Calderazzo SM, Mortazavi F, Moore TL, Rosene DL. Microglia activation and phagocytosis: relationship with aging and cognitive impairment in the rhesus monkey. GeroScience 2017; 39:199-220. [PMID: 28238188 PMCID: PMC5411373 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-017-9965-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While cognitive decline is observed in the normal aging monkey, neurons are not lost with age. Instead, frontal white matter is lost as myelin degenerates and both correlate with age-related cognitive decline. As age-related myelin damage increases, there should be an increase in clearance of damaged myelin by microglial phagocytosis. In this study, brains of behaviorally tested rhesus monkeys were assessed using unbiased stereology to quantify the density of activated microglia (LN3 antibody positive) and phagocytic microglia (galectin-3 (Gal-3) antibody positive) in three white matter regions: the corpus callosum, cingulum bundle (CGB), and frontal white matter (FWM). LN3 cell density was significantly increased in the CGB, whereas Gal-3 cell density was significantly increased in all regions. Increases in Gal-3 cell density in the FWM were associated with cognitive impairment. In the FWM of old animals, Gal-3-positive microglia were classified by morphological subtype as ramified, hypertrophic, or amoeboid. The densities of hypertrophic and amoeboid microglia significantly correlated with cognitive impairment. Finally, microglia were double-labeled with LN3 and Gal-3 showing that 91% of Gal-3 cells were also LN3 positive, thus expressing an "activated" phenotype. Furthermore, 15% of all double-labeled cells formed phagocytic cups. Overall, these results suggest that microglia become activated in white matter with age where the majority express a phagocytic phenotype. We hypothesize that age-related phagocytic activation of microglia is a response to accumulating myelin pathology. The association of Gal-3 in the FWM with cognitive impairment may reflect regional differences in damage or dysfunction of normal clearance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Shobin
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Michael P Bowley
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02144, USA
| | - Larissa I Estrada
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Nadine C Heyworth
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Mary E Orczykowski
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Sherri A Eldridge
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA, 02747, USA
| | | | - Farzad Mortazavi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Tara L Moore
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Douglas L Rosene
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
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Aging of cerebral white matter. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 34:64-76. [PMID: 27865980 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
White matter (WM) occupies a large volume of the human cerebrum and is mainly composed of myelinated axons and myelin-producing glial cells. The myelinated axons within WM are the structural foundation for efficient neurotransmission between cortical and subcortical areas. Similar to neuron-enriched gray matter areas, WM undergoes a series of changes during the process of aging. WM malfunction can induce serious neurobehavioral and cognitive impairments. Thus, age-related changes in WM may contribute to the functional decline observed in the elderly. In addition, aged WM becomes more susceptible to neurological disorders, such as stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and neurodegeneration. In this review, we summarize the structural and functional alterations of WM in natural aging and speculate on the underlying mechanisms. We also discuss how age-related WM changes influence the progression of various brain disorders, including ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, TBI, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Although the physiology of WM is still poorly understood relative to gray matter, WM is a rational therapeutic target for a number of neurological and psychiatric conditions.
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Hainsworth AH, Allan SM, Boltze J, Cunningham C, Farris C, Head E, Ihara M, Isaacs JD, Kalaria RN, Lesnik Oberstein SAMJ, Moss MB, Nitzsche B, Rosenberg GA, Rutten JW, Salkovic-Petrisic M, Troen AM. Translational models for vascular cognitive impairment: a review including larger species. BMC Med 2017; 15:16. [PMID: 28118831 PMCID: PMC5264492 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-017-0793-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disease models are useful for prospective studies of pathology, identification of molecular and cellular mechanisms, pre-clinical testing of interventions, and validation of clinical biomarkers. Here, we review animal models relevant to vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). A synopsis of each model was initially presented by expert practitioners. Synopses were refined by the authors, and subsequently by the scientific committee of a recent conference (International Conference on Vascular Dementia 2015). Only peer-reviewed sources were cited. METHODS We included models that mimic VCI-related brain lesions (white matter hypoperfusion injury, focal ischaemia, cerebral amyloid angiopathy) or reproduce VCI risk factors (old age, hypertension, hyperhomocysteinemia, high-salt/high-fat diet) or reproduce genetic causes of VCI (CADASIL-causing Notch3 mutations). CONCLUSIONS We concluded that (1) translational models may reflect a VCI-relevant pathological process, while not fully replicating a human disease spectrum; (2) rodent models of VCI are limited by paucity of white matter; and (3) further translational models, and improved cognitive testing instruments, are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atticus H Hainsworth
- Clinical Neurosciences (J-0B) Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK. .,Department of Neurology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Stuart M Allan
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Johannes Boltze
- Department of Translational Medicine and Cell Technology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Catriona Cunningham
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Chad Farris
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Head
- Department of Pharmacology & Nutritional Sciences, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Masafumi Ihara
- Department of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jeremy D Isaacs
- Clinical Neurosciences (J-0B) Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK.,Department of Neurology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Raj N Kalaria
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | | | - Mark B Moss
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Björn Nitzsche
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany.,Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute for Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gary A Rosenberg
- Department of Neurology, Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Julie W Rutten
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Melita Salkovic-Petrisic
- Department of Pharmacology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Aron M Troen
- Institute of Biochemistry Food and Nutrition Science, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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73
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Casanova R, Wang X, Reyes J, Akita Y, Serre ML, Vizuete W, Chui HC, Driscoll I, Resnick SM, Espeland MA, Chen JC. A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study Reveals Local Brain Structural Alterations Associated with Ambient Fine Particles in Older Women. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:495. [PMID: 27790103 PMCID: PMC5061768 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5: PM with aerodynamic diameters < 2.5 μm) has been linked with cognitive deficits in older adults. Using fine-grained voxel-wise analyses, we examined whether PM2.5 exposure also affects brain structure. Methods: Brain MRI data were obtained from 1365 women (aged 71–89) in the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study and local brain volumes were estimated using RAVENS (regional analysis of volumes in normalized space). Based on geocoded residential locations and air monitoring data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, we employed a spatiotemporal model to estimate long-term (3-year average) exposure to ambient PM2.5 preceding MRI scans. Voxel-wise linear regression models were fit separately to gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) maps to analyze associations between brain structure and PM2.5 exposure, with adjustment for potential confounders. Results: Increased PM2.5 exposure was associated with smaller volumes in both cortical GM and subcortical WM areas. For GM, associations were clustered in the bilateral superior, middle, and medial frontal gyri. For WM, the largest clusters were in the frontal lobe, with smaller clusters in the temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes. No statistically significant associations were observed between PM2.5 exposure and hippocampal volumes. Conclusions: Long-term PM2.5 exposures may accelerate loss of both GM and WM in older women. While our previous work linked smaller WM volumes to PM2.5, this is the first neuroimaging study reporting associations between air pollution exposure and smaller volumes of cortical GM. Our data support the hypothesized synaptic neurotoxicity of airborne particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Casanova
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Marc L Serre
- University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Helena C Chui
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ira Driscoll
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Susan M Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark A Espeland
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jiu-Chiuan Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
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74
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Kohama SG, Renner L, Landauer N, Weiss AR, Urbanski HF, Park B, Voytko ML, Neuringer M. Effect of Ovarian Hormone Therapy on Cognition in the Aged Female Rhesus Macaque. J Neurosci 2016; 36:10416-10424. [PMID: 27707975 PMCID: PMC5050333 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0909-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of the effect of hormone therapy on cognitive function in menopausal women have been equivocal, in part due to differences in the type and timing of hormone treatment. Here we cognitively tested aged female rhesus macaques on (1) the delayed response task of spatial working memory, (2) a visuospatial attention task that measured spatially and temporally cued reaction times, and (3) a simple reaction time task as a control for motor speed. After task acquisition, animals were ovariectomized (OVX). Their performance was compared with intact controls for 2 months, at which time no group differences were found. The OVX animals were then assigned to treatment with either a subcutaneous sham implant (OVX), 17-β estradiol (E) implant (OVX+E) or E implant plus cyclic oral progesterone (OVX+EP). All groups were then tested repeatedly over 12 months. The OVX+E animals performed significantly better on the delayed response task than all of the other groups for much of the 12 month testing period. The OVX+EP animals also showed improved performance in the delayed response task, but only at 30 s delays and with performance levels below that of OVX+E animals. The OVX+E animals also performed significantly better in the visuospatial attention task, particularly in the most challenging invalid cue condition; this difference also was maintained across the 12 month testing period. Simple reaction time was not affected by hormonal manipulation. These data demonstrate that chronic, continuous administration of E can exert multiple beneficial cognitive effects in aged, OVX rhesus macaque females. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Hormone therapy after menopause is controversial. We tested the effects of hormone replacement in aged rhesus macaques, soon after surgically-induced menopause [ovariectomy (OVX)], on tests of memory and attention. Untreated ovarian-intact and OVX animals were compared with OVX animals receiving estradiol (E) alone or E with progesterone (P). E was administered in a continuous fashion via subcutaneous implant, whereas P was administered orally in a cyclic fashion. On both tests, E-treated animals performed better than the other 3 experimental groups across 1 year of treatment. Thus, in this monkey model, chronic E administered soon after the loss of ovarian hormones had long-term benefits for cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven G Kohama
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97006-3448
| | - Lauren Renner
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97006-3448
| | - Noelle Landauer
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97006-3448
| | - Alison R Weiss
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Henryk F Urbanski
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97006-3448, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098
| | - Byung Park
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health and Science University and Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098, and
| | - Mary Lou Voytko
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy and the Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1010
| | - Martha Neuringer
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97006-3448,
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75
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Robillard KN, Lee KM, Chiu KB, MacLean AG. Glial cell morphological and density changes through the lifespan of rhesus macaques. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 55:60-69. [PMID: 26851132 PMCID: PMC4899176 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
How aging impacts the central nervous system (CNS) is an area of intense interest. Glial morphology is known to affect neuronal and immune function as well as metabolic and homeostatic balance. Activation of glia, both astrocytes and microglia, occurs at several stages during development and aging. The present study analyzed changes in glial morphology and density through the entire lifespan of rhesus macaques, which are physiologically and anatomically similar to humans. We observed apparent increases in gray matter astrocytic process length and process complexity as rhesus macaques matured from juveniles through adulthood. These changes were not attributed to cell enlargement because they were not accompanied by proportional changes in soma or process volume. There was a decrease in white matter microglial process length as rhesus macaques aged. Aging was shown to have a significant effect on gray matter microglial density, with a significant increase in aged macaques compared with adults. Overall, we observed significant changes in glial morphology as macaques age indicative of astrocytic activation with subsequent increase in microglial density in aged macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn N Robillard
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States; Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, LA, United States
| | - Kim M Lee
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States; Tulane Program in Biomedical Sciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Kevin B Chiu
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Andrew G MacLean
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States; Tulane Program in Biomedical Sciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States; Tulane Program in Neuroscience, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States.
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76
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Madigan JB, Wilcock DM, Hainsworth AH. Vascular Contributions to Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: Topical Review of Animal Models. Stroke 2016; 47:1953-9. [PMID: 27301939 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.116.012066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy B Madigan
- From the Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom (J.B.M., A.H.H.); Neuroradiology Department, St George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (J.B.M.); Atkinson Morley Neurosciences, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (J.B.M., A.H.H.); and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington (D.M.W.)
| | - Donna M Wilcock
- From the Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom (J.B.M., A.H.H.); Neuroradiology Department, St George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (J.B.M.); Atkinson Morley Neurosciences, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (J.B.M., A.H.H.); and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington (D.M.W.)
| | - Atticus H Hainsworth
- From the Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom (J.B.M., A.H.H.); Neuroradiology Department, St George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (J.B.M.); Atkinson Morley Neurosciences, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (J.B.M., A.H.H.); and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington (D.M.W.).
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77
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Perturbed cholesterol homeostasis in aging spinal cord. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 45:123-135. [PMID: 27459933 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The spinal cord is vital for the processing of sensorimotor information and for its propagation to and from both the brain and the periphery. Spinal cord function is affected by aging, however, the mechanisms involved are not well-understood. To characterize molecular mechanisms of spinal cord aging, microarray analyses of gene expression were performed on cervical spinal cords of aging rats. Of the metabolic and signaling pathways affected, cholesterol-associated pathways were the most comprehensively altered, including significant downregulation of cholesterol synthesis-related genes and upregulation of cholesterol transport and metabolism genes. Paradoxically, a significant increase in total cholesterol content was observed-likely associated with cholesterol ester accumulation. To investigate potential mechanisms for the perturbed cholesterol homeostasis, we quantified the expression of myelin and neuroinflammation-associated genes and proteins. Although there was minimal change in myelin-related expression, there was an increase in phagocytic microglial and astrogliosis markers, particularly in the white matter. Together, these results suggest that perturbed cholesterol homeostasis, possibly as a result of increased inflammatory activation in spinal cord white matter, may contribute to impaired spinal cord function with aging.
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78
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Mortazavi F, Wang X, Rosene DL, Rockland KS. White Matter Neurons in Young Adult and Aged Rhesus Monkey. Front Neuroanat 2016; 10:15. [PMID: 26941613 PMCID: PMC4761867 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2016.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans and non-human primates (NHP), white matter neurons (WMNs) persist beyond early development. Their functional importance is largely unknown, but they have both corticothalamic and corticocortical connectivity and at least one subpopulation has been implicated in vascular regulation and sleep. Several other studies have reported that the density of WMNs in humans is altered in neuropathological or psychiatric conditions. The present investigation evaluates and compares the density of superficial and deep WMNs in frontal (FR), temporal (TE), and parietal (Par) association regions of four young adult and four aged male rhesus monkeys. A major aim was to determine whether there was age-related neuronal loss, as might be expected given the substantial age-related changes known to occur in the surrounding white matter environment. Neurons were visualized by immunocytochemistry for Neu-N in coronal tissue sections (30 μm thickness), and neuronal density was assessed by systematic random sampling. Per 0.16 mm2 sampling box, this yielded about 40 neurons in the superficial WM and 10 in the deep WM. Consistent with multiple studies of cell density in the cortical gray matter of normal brains, neither the superficial nor deep WM populations showed statistically significant age-related neuronal loss, although we observed a moderate decrease with age for the deep WMNs in the frontal region. Morphometric analyses, in contrast, showed significant age effects in soma size and circularity. In specific, superficial WMNs were larger in FR and Par WM regions of the young monkeys; but in the TE, these were larger in the older monkeys. An age effect was also observed for soma circularity: superficial WMNs were more circular in FR and Par of the older monkeys. This second, morphometric result raises the question of whether other age-related morphological, connectivity, or molecular changes occur in the WMNs. These could have multiple impacts, given the wide range of putative WMN functions and their involvement in both corticothalamic and corticocortical circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Mortazavi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiyue Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine Boston, MA, USA
| | - Douglas L Rosene
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathleen S Rockland
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine Boston, MA, USA
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79
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Aging affects new cell production in the adult hippocampus: A quantitative anatomic review. J Chem Neuroanat 2015; 76:64-72. [PMID: 26686289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the last century, cognitive impairment in elderly people was considered as the consequence of neuronal death. However, later analyses indicated that age-related reduction in neuron number was limited to specific regions of the central nervous system, and was irrelevant to brain dysfunction in both humans and non-human animals. Recent studies have indicated that progressive diminution of neural plasticity across an individual's life span may underlie age-related brain dysfunction. To date, various factors have been shown to contribute to neural plasticity. In particular, substantial data supports the importance of production of new cells in the adult brain: the rate of hippocampal neurogenesis wanes radically during aging; similarly, white matter homeostasis via oligodendrogenesis is also affected by aging. This review briefly summarizes quantitative studies on adult hippocampal neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis. Although the hippocampus is traditionally recognized as the memory center of the brain, it has started to emerge as an integrator of cognition and emotion. One of the current research highlights is that diverse functions of the hippocampus are topographically embedded along its longitudinal and transverse axes. Here we discuss alterations in adult neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis during aging from a topographic view point. The quantitative anatomic approach to age-related alterations in production of new cells in the hippocampus may give a novel insight into how brain functions suffer from aging.
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80
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Frontoparietal white matter integrity predicts haptic performance in chronic stroke. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2015; 10:129-39. [PMID: 26759788 PMCID: PMC4683424 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Frontoparietal white matter supports information transfer between brain areas involved in complex haptic tasks such as somatosensory discrimination. The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of the relationship between microstructural integrity of frontoparietal network white matter and haptic performance in persons with chronic stroke and to compare frontoparietal network integrity in participants with stroke and age matched control participants. Nineteen individuals with stroke and 16 controls participated. Haptic performance was quantified using the Hand Active Sensation Test (HASTe), an 18-item match-to-sample test of weight and texture discrimination. Three tesla MRI was used to obtain diffusion-weighted and high-resolution anatomical images of the whole brain. Probabilistic tractography was used to define 10 frontoparietal tracts total; Four intrahemispheric tracts measured bilaterally 1) thalamus to primary somatosensory cortex (T–S1), 2) thalamus to primary motor cortex (T–M1), 3) primary to secondary somatosensory cortex (S1 to SII) and 4) primary somatosensory cortex to middle frontal gyrus (S1 to MFG) and, 2 interhemispheric tracts; S1–S1 and precuneus interhemispheric. A control tract outside the network, the cuneus interhemispheric tract, was also examined. The diffusion metrics fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD) were quantified for each tract. Diminished FA and elevated MD values are associated with poorer white matter integrity in chronic stroke. Nine of 10 tracts quantified in the frontoparietal network had diminished structural integrity poststroke compared to the controls. The precuneus interhemispheric tract was not significantly different between groups. Principle component analysis across all frontoparietal white matter tract MD values indicated a single factor explained 47% and 57% of the variance in tract mean diffusivity in stroke and control groups respectively. Age strongly correlated with the shared variance across tracts in the control, but not in the poststroke participants. A moderate to good relationship was found between ipsilesional T–M1 MD and affected hand HASTe score (r = − 0.62, p = 0.006) and less affected hand HASTe score (r = − 0.53, p = 0.022). Regression analysis revealed approximately 90% of the variance in affected hand HASTe score was predicted by the white matter integrity in the frontoparietal network (as indexed by MD) in poststroke participants while 87% of the variance in HASTe score was predicted in control participants. This study demonstrates the importance of frontoparietal white matter in mediating haptic performance and specifically identifies that T–M1 and precuneus interhemispheric tracts may be appropriate targets for piloting rehabilitation interventions, such as noninvasive brain stimulation, when the goal is to improve poststroke haptic performance. Poststroke participants had a wide range of haptic performance, the majority were impaired. A good relationship was found between ipsilesional Thal–M1 integrity and poststroke haptics. Around 90% of haptic performance was predicted by frontoparietal white matter integrity. Precuneus interhemispheric tract integrity was a strong predictor of haptic performance. Diminished integrity across the frontoparietal network suggests a general stroke-related factor.
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81
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Fellhauer I, Zöllner FG, Schröder J, Degen C, Kong L, Essig M, Thomann PA, Schad LR. Comparison of automated brain segmentation using a brain phantom and patients with early Alzheimer's dementia or mild cognitive impairment. Psychiatry Res 2015. [PMID: 26211622 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and brain volumetry allow for the quantification of changes in brain volume using automatic algorithms which are widely used in both, clinical and scientific studies. However, studies comparing the reliability of these programmes are scarce and mainly involved MRI derived from younger healthy controls. This study evaluates the reliability of frequently used segmentation programmes (SPM, FreeSurfer, FSL) using a realistic digital brain phantom and MRI brain acquisitions from patients with manifest Alzheimer's disease (AD, n=34), mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n=60), and healthy subjects (n=32) matched for age and sex. Analysis of the brain phantom dataset demonstrated that SPM, FSL and FreeSurfer underestimate grey matter and overestimate white matter volumes with increasing noise. FreeSurfer calculated overall smaller brain volumes with increasing noise. Image inhomogeneity had only minor, non- significant effects on the results obtained with SPM and FreeSurfer 5.1, but had effects on the FSL results (increased white matter volumes with decreased grey matter volumes). The analysis of the patient data yielded decreasing volumes of grey and white matter with progression of brain atrophy independent of the method used. FreeSurfer calculated the largest grey matter and the smallest white matter volumes. FSL calculated the smallest grey matter volumes; SPM the largest white matter volumes. Best results are obtained with good image quality. With poor image quality, especially noise, SPM provides the best segmentation results. An optimised template for segmentation had no significant effect on segmentation results. While our findings underline the applicability of the programmes investigated, SPM may be the programme of choice when MRIs with limited image quality or brain images of elderly should be analysed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iven Fellhauer
- Section of Geriatric Psychiatry and Institute of Gerontology, Department of Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Germany.
| | - Frank G Zöllner
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Johannes Schröder
- Section of Geriatric Psychiatry and Institute of Gerontology, Department of Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Christina Degen
- Section of Geriatric Psychiatry and Institute of Gerontology, Department of Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Li Kong
- Section of Geriatric Psychiatry and Institute of Gerontology, Department of Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Marco Essig
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Lothar R Schad
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
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82
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Zhong X, Huang B, Feng J, Yang W, Liu H. Delayed leukoencephalopathy of non-small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases underwent whole brain radiation therapy. J Neurooncol 2015; 125:177-81. [PMID: 26275366 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-015-1888-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
To explore the incidence, MR imaging findings, dynamic developing process of delayed leukoencephalopathy (DLE) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with brain metastases patients who undergone whole brain radiation (WBRT) therapy, we retrospectively reviewed 48 NSCLC patients who underwent WBRT for brain metastases from January 2010 through June 2015 and had evaluable magnetic resonance imaging after treatment. The DLE were graded using a scale to evaluate T2-FLAIR (fluid attenuated image recovery) images: grade 1 = little or no white matter hyperintensity, grade 2 = limited periventricular hyperintensity and grade 3 = diffuse white matter hyperintensity. 48 NSCLC patients with brain metastases were enrolled. The median age of these patients was 55.7 years (range 33-75 years). The median follow-up was 12 months. The characteristic MR imaging of DLE in those patients was bilaterally diffuse white matter T2 hyperintensity around the periventricular areas without enhancement, sparing from U-fiber, callosum and gray matter structure. The incidence of DLE developed 6.25% (3/48), 30.00% (12/40), 48.39% (15/31), 61.90% (13/21), 85.71% (6/7), 100% (3/3) in those patients who were followed up for 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36 months, respectively. Through increased understanding of it, it may be possible to help clinicians develop further therapeutic strategies to maximize benefit while limiting potential long term toxicities. These data supplement existing reports regarding the late effects of WBRT in NSCLC patients with brain metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhong
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong General Hospital, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Southern Medical School, 1023 Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Huang
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong General Hospital, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jieying Feng
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong General Hospital, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanqun Yang
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong General Hospital, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjun Liu
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong General Hospital, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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The Anti-Aging Protein Klotho Enhances Remyelination Following Cuprizone-Induced Demyelination. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 57:185-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0598-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Vink M, Kleerekooper I, van den Wildenberg WPM, Kahn RS. Impact of aging on frontostriatal reward processing. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 36:2305-17. [PMID: 25704624 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy aging is associated with a progressive decline across a range of cognitive functions. An important factor underlying this decline may be the age-related impairment in stimulus-reward processing. Several studies have investigated age-related effects, but compared young versus old subjects. This is the first study to investigate the effect of aging on brain activation during reward processing within a continuous segment of the adult life span. We scanned 49 healthy adults aged 40-70 years, using functional MRI. We adopted a simple reward task, which allowed separate evaluation of neural responses to reward anticipation and receipt. The effect of reward on performance accuracy and speed was not related to age, indicating that all subjects could perform the task correctly. We identified a whole-brain significant age-related decline of ventral striatum activation during reward anticipation as compared to neutral anticipation. Importantly, the specificity of this finding was underscored by the observation that there was no general decline in activation during anticipation. Activation in the ventral striatum increased with age during reward receipt as compared to receiving neutral outcome. Finally, activation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex during outcome was not affected by age. Our data demonstrate that the typical shift in striatal activation from reward receipt to reward anticipation in young adults disappears with healthy aging. These changes are consistent the well-ocumented age-related decline of striatal dopamine availability, and may provide a stepping stone for further research of age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs Vink
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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85
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Erb L, Cao C, Ajit D, Weisman GA. P2Y receptors in Alzheimer's disease. Biol Cell 2014; 107:1-21. [PMID: 25179475 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201400043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, affecting more than 10% of people over the age of 65. Age is the greatest risk factor for AD, although a combination of genetic, lifestyle and environmental factors also contribute to disease development. Common features of AD are the formation of plaques composed of beta-amyloid peptides (Aβ) and neuronal death in brain regions involved in learning and memory. Although Aβ is neurotoxic, the primary mechanisms by which Aβ affects AD development remain uncertain and controversial. Mouse models overexpressing amyloid precursor protein and Aβ have revealed that Aβ has potent effects on neuroinflammation and cerebral blood flow that contribute to AD progression. Therefore, it is important to consider how endogenous signalling in the brain responds to Aβ and contributes to AD pathology. In recent years, Aβ has been shown to affect ATP release from brain and blood cells and alter the expression of G protein-coupled P2Y receptors that respond to ATP and other nucleotides. Accumulating evidence reveals a prominent role for P2Y receptors in AD pathology, including Aβ production and elimination, neuroinflammation, neuronal function and cerebral blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Erb
- Department of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, U.S.A
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86
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Yamada J, Jinno S. Age-related differences in oligodendrogenesis across the dorsal-ventral axis of the mouse hippocampus. Hippocampus 2014; 24:1017-29. [PMID: 24753086 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) continue to divide and generate new oligodendrocytes (OLs) in the healthy adult brain. Although recent studies have indicated that adult oligodendrogenesis may be vital for the maintenance of normal brain function, the significance of adult oligodendrogenesis in brain aging remains unclear. In this study, we report a stereological estimation of age-related oligodendrogenesis changes in the mouse hippocampus: the dorsal subdivision is related to learning and memory, while the ventral subdivision is involved in emotional behaviors. To identify OPCs and OLs, we used a set of molecular markers, OL lineage transcription factor (Olig2) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFαR). Intracellular dye injection shows that PDGFαR+/Olig2+ cells and PDGFαR-/Olig2+ cells can be defined as OPCs and OLs, respectively. In the dorsal Ammon's horn, the numbers of OPCs decreased with age, while those of OLs remained unchanged during aging. In the ventral Ammon's horn, the numbers of OPCs and OLs generally decreased with age. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) fate-tracing analysis revealed that the numbers of BrdU+ mitotic OPCs in the Ammon's horn remained unchanged during aging in both the dorsal and ventral subdivisions. Unexpectedly, the numbers of BrdU+ newly generated OLs increased with age in the dorsal Ammon's horn, but remained unchanged in the ventral Ammon's horn. Together, the numbers of OLs in the dorsal Ammon's horn may be maintained during aging by increased survival of adult born OLs, while the numbers of OLs in the ventral Ammon's horn may be reduced with age due to the lack of such compensatory mechanisms. These observations provide new insight into the involvement of adult oligodendrogenesis in age-related changes in the structure and function of the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yamada
- Department of Developmental Molecular Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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87
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Liu ME, Huang CC, Yang AC, Tu PC, Yeh HL, Hong CJ, Liou YJ, Chen JF, Chou KH, Lin CP, Tsai SJ. Catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met polymorphism on the relationship between white matter hyperintensity and cognition in healthy people. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88749. [PMID: 24551149 PMCID: PMC3923794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background White matter lesions can be easily observed on T2-weighted MR images, and are termed white matter hyperintensities (WMH). Their presence may be correlated with cognitive impairment; however, the relationship between regional WMH volume and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism in healthy populations remains unclear. Methods We recruited 315 ethnic Chinese adults with a mean age of 54.9±21.8 years (range: 21–89 y) to examine the genetic effect of COMT on regional WMH and the manner in which they interact to affect cognitive function in a healthy adult population. Cognitive tests, structural MRI scans, and genotyping of COMT were conducted for each participant. Results Negative correlations between the Digit Span Forward (DSF) score and frontal WMH volumes (r = −.123, P = .032, uncorrected) were noted. For the genetic effect of COMT, no significant difference in cognitive performance was observed among 3 genotypic groups. However, differences in WMH volumes over the subcortical region (P = .016, uncorrected), whole brain (P = .047, uncorrected), and a trend over the frontal region (P = .050, uncorrected) were observed among 3 COMT genotypic groups. Met homozygotes and Met/Val heterozygotes exhibited larger WMH volumes in these brain regions than the Val homozygotes. Furthermore, a correlation between the DSF and regional WMH volume was observed only in Met homozygotes. The effect size (cohen’s f) revealed a small effect. Conclusions The results indicate that COMT might modulate WMH volumes and the effects of WMH on cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-En Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Chung Huang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Albert C. Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Dynamical Biomarkers and Translational Medicine, National Central University, Chungli, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chi Tu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Liang Yeh
- Health Care Group, Taipei Veterans Home, New-Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Jee Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jay Liou
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Fan Chen
- Department of Pathology, Tao-Yuan Veterans Hospital, Tao-Yuan County, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Hsien Chou
- Institute of Neuroscience, School of Life Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Po Lin
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Neuroscience, School of Life Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (SJT); (CPL)
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (SJT); (CPL)
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McQueen J, Reimer MM, Holland PR, Manso Y, McLaughlin M, Fowler JH, Horsburgh K. Restoration of oligodendrocyte pools in a mouse model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87227. [PMID: 24498301 PMCID: PMC3911923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, a sustained modest reduction in cerebral blood flow, is associated with damage to myelinated axons and cognitive decline with ageing. Oligodendrocytes (the myelin producing cells) and their precursor cells (OPCs) may be vulnerable to the effects of hypoperfusion and in some forms of injury OPCs have the potential to respond and repair damage by increased proliferation and differentiation. Using a mouse model of cerebral hypoperfusion we have characterised the acute and long term responses of oligodendrocytes and OPCs to hypoperfusion in the corpus callosum. Following 3 days of hypoperfusion, numbers of OPCs and mature oligodendrocytes were significantly decreased compared to controls. However following 1 month of hypoperfusion, the OPC pool was restored and increased numbers of oligodendrocytes were observed. Assessment of proliferation using PCNA showed no significant differences between groups at either time point but showed reduced numbers of proliferating oligodendroglia at 3 days consistent with the loss of OPCs. Cumulative BrdU labelling experiments revealed higher numbers of proliferating cells in hypoperfused animals compared to controls and showed a proportion of these newly generated cells had differentiated into oligodendrocytes in a subset of animals. Expression of GPR17, a receptor important for the regulation of OPC differentiation following injury, was decreased following short term hypoperfusion. Despite changes to oligodendrocyte numbers there were no changes to the myelin sheath as revealed by ultrastructural assessment and fluoromyelin however axon-glial integrity was disrupted after both 3 days and 1 month hypoperfusion. Taken together, our results demonstrate the initial vulnerability of oligodendroglial pools to modest reductions in blood flow and highlight the regenerative capacity of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie McQueen
- Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Michell M. Reimer
- Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Philip R. Holland
- Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Yasmina Manso
- Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mark McLaughlin
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Division of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jill H. Fowler
- Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Horsburgh
- Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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89
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Huang CC, Liu ME, Chou KH, Yang AC, Hung CC, Hong CJ, Tsai SJ, Lin CP. Effect of BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on regional white matter hyperintensities and cognitive function in elderly males without dementia. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2014; 39:94-103. [PMID: 24275008 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
White matter lesions, also termed White Matter Hyperintensities (WMH), on T2-weighted MR images, are common in the elderly population. Of note, their presence is often accompanied with cognitive decline and the risk of dementia. Even though previous brain ischemia and WM lesion studies have been conducted and indicated that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) might protect against neuronal cell death, the interaction between regional WMH volume and the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on the cognitive performance of healthy elderly population remains unclear. To investigate the genetic effect of BDNF on cognitive function and regional WMH in the healthy elderly population, 90 elderly men, without dementia, with a mean age of 80.6 ± 5.6 y/o were recruited to undergo cognitive tests, structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, and genotyping of BDNF alleles. Compared with Met homozygotes, Val homozygotes showed significantly inferior short-term memory (STM) performance (P = .001). A tendency toward dose-dependent effects of the Val allele on WMH volume was found, and Val homozygotes showed larger WMH volume in the temporal (P = .035), the occipital (P = .006), and the global WMH volume (P = .025) than others. Significant interaction effects of BDNF genotypes with temporal WMH volume on STM performance was observed (F1,89 = 4.306, P = .041). Val homozygotes presented steeper negative correlation compared to Met carriers. Mediation analysis also demonstrated that WMH in temporal, limbic, and subcortical regions might mediate the relationship between BDNF's genetic effect and STM performance. Our findings supported the hypothesis that the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism may affect susceptibility to regional WMH volume and such genotype-by-WMH interaction effect is correlated with cognitive decline in non-demented elderly males, in which the Met allele plays a protective role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Chung Huang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Brain Connectivity Lab, Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mu-En Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Hsien Chou
- Brain Connectivity Lab, Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan
| | - Albert C Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Dynamical Biomarkers and Translational Medicine, National Central University, Chungli, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Hung
- Brain Connectivity Lab, Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Jee Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Po Lin
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Brain Connectivity Lab, Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan.
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Palaniyappan L, Al-Radaideh A, Mougin O, Gowland P, Liddle PF. Combined white matter imaging suggests myelination defects in visual processing regions in schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology 2013; 38:1808-15. [PMID: 23558741 PMCID: PMC3712891 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2013.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Diverse pathological changes occur in the white matter (WM) of patients with schizophrenia. Various microstructural alterations including a reduction in axonal number or diameter, reduced myelination, or poor coherence of fibers could account for these changes. Abnormal integrity of macromolecules such as myelin ('dysmyelination') can be studied by applying multiple modalities of WM imaging such as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and magnetization transfer imaging (MTI) in parallel. Using ultra-high field (7 Tesla) MTI in 17 clinically stable patients with schizophrenia and 20 controls, we evaluated the voxelwise distribution of macromolecular WM abnormalities. Patients had a significant reduction in magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) in WM adjacent to visual processing regions and inferior temporal cortex (Cohen's d=1.54). Among the regions showing MTR reduction, a concurrent reduction in fractional anisotropy (FA) occurs proximal to the lingual gyrus. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the degree of FA reduction in the putatively 'dysmyelinated' regions in patients predicted impaired processing speed (PS; β=0.74; P=0.003), a core cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. In controls, MTR/FA in the occipito-temporal regions were not associated with PS. Our findings suggest that dysmyelination in visual processing regions is present in patients with schizophrenia with greatest cognitive and functional impairment. Combined DTI/MTI deficits in the occipito-temporal region may be an important variable when considering potential treatment targets for improving cognitive function in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Palaniyappan
- Division of Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Ali Al-Radaideh
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Olivier Mougin
- Sir Peter Mansfield MR Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Penny Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield MR Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Peter F Liddle
- Division of Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Koo BB, Oblak AL, Zhao Y, Farris CW, Bowley B, Rosene DL, Killiany RJ. Hippocampal network connections account for differences in memory performance in the middle-aged rhesus monkey. Hippocampus 2013; 23:1179-88. [PMID: 23780752 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Recent neurophysiological and functional neuroimaging studies suggest that the memory decline found with normal aging is not solely due to regional disruptions in the hippocampus, but also is brought about by alterations in the functional coupling between the hippocampus and long-distance neocortical regions. However, the anatomical basis for this functional "dyscoupling" has not been fully revealed. In this study, we applied a multimodal magnetic resonance imaging technique to noninvasively examine the large-scale anatomical and functional hippocampal network of a group of middle aged rhesus monkeys. Using diffusion spectrum imaging, we have found that monkeys with lower memory performance had weaker structural white matter connections between the hippocampus and neocortical association areas. Resting state functional imaging revealed somewhat of an opposite result. Monkeys with low memory performance displayed elevated coupling strengths in the network between the hippocampus and the neocortical areas. Taken together with recent findings, this contradictory pattern may be the result of either underlying physiological burden or abnormal neuronal decoupling due to the structural alterations, which induce a neuronal compensation mechanism for the structural loss or interference on task related neuronal activation, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang-Bon Koo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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The antiaging protein Klotho enhances oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination of the CNS. J Neurosci 2013; 33:1927-39. [PMID: 23365232 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2080-12.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that myelin abnormalities characterize the normal aging process of the brain and that an age-associated reduction in Klotho is conserved across species. Predominantly generated in brain and kidney, Klotho overexpression extends life span, whereas loss of Klotho accelerates the development of aging-like phenotypes. Although the function of Klotho in brain is unknown, loss of Klotho expression leads to cognitive deficits. We found significant effects of Klotho on oligodendrocyte functions, including induced maturation of rat primary oligodendrocytic progenitor cells (OPCs) in vitro and myelination. Phosphoprotein analysis indicated that Klotho's downstream effects involve Akt and ERK signal pathways. Klotho increased OPC maturation, and inhibition of Akt or ERK function blocked this effect on OPCs. In vivo studies of Klotho knock-out mice and control littermates revealed that knock-out mice have a significant reduction in major myelin protein and gene expression. By immunohistochemistry, the number of total and mature oligodendrocytes was significantly lower in Klotho knock-out mice. Strikingly, at the ultrastructural level, Klotho knock-out mice exhibited significantly impaired myelination of the optic nerve and corpus callosum. These mice also displayed severe abnormalities at the nodes of Ranvier. To decipher the mechanisms by which Klotho affects oligodendrocytes, we used luciferase pathway reporters to identify the transcription factors involved. Together, these studies provide novel evidence for Klotho as a key player in myelin biology, which may thus be a useful therapeutic target in efforts to protect brain myelin against age-dependent changes and promote repair in multiple sclerosis.
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