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Zhang B, Yu X, Liu J, Liu J, Liu P. COVID-19 vaccine and menstrual conditions in female: data analysis of the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:403. [PMID: 36195902 PMCID: PMC9532224 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-01934-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In reports of adverse reactions following vaccination with the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) vaccines, there have been fewer reports of concern for menstrual disorders in female. OBJECTIVE Our study employed Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) to investigate and analyze the relationship between COVID-19 Vaccines and menstrual disorders in female. METHODS We collected reports of menstrual disorders in VAERS from July 2, 1990 to November 12, 2021, and performed a stratified analysis. The potential relationship between COVID-19 vaccine and reports of menstrual disorders was evaluated using the Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR) method. RESULTS A total of 14,431 reports of menstrual disorders were included in the study, and 13,118 were associated with COVID-19 vaccine. The ROR was 7.83 (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 7.39-8.28). The most commonly reported event was Menstruation irregular (4998 reports), and a higher percentage of female aged 30-49 years reported menstrual disorders (42.55%) after exposure to COVID-19 Vaccines. Both for all reports of menstrual disorders (ROR = 5.82; 95%CI: 4.93-6.95) and excluding reports of unknown age (ROR = 13.02; 95%CI: 10.89-15.56),suggest that female age may be associated with menstrual disorders after vaccination with the COVID-19 Vaccines. CONCLUSION There is a potential safety signal when the COVID-19 vaccine is administered to young adult female (30-49 years old), resulting in menstrual disorders in. However, due to the well-known limitations of spontaneous reporting data, it is challenging to explicity classify menstrual disorders as an adverse event of the COVID-19 Vaccines, and reports of adverse reactions to COVID-19 Vaccines in this age group should continue to be tracked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, Shandong, China
| | - Jinxing Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, Shandong, China
| | - Jinbao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, Shandong, China.
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, Shandong, China.
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Kumar S, Basu M, Ghosh P, Ansari A, Ghosh MK. COVID-19: Clinical status of vaccine development to date. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2022; 89:114-149. [PMID: 36184710 PMCID: PMC9538545 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced COVID-19 is a complicated disease. Clinicians are continuously facing difficulties to treat infected patients using the principle of repurposing of drugs as no specific drugs are available to treat COVID-19. To minimize the severity and mortality, global vaccination is the only hope as a potential preventive measure. After a year-long global research and clinical struggle, 165 vaccine candidates have been developed and some are currently still in the pipeline. A total of 28 candidate vaccines have been approved for use and the remainder are in different phases of clinical trials. In this comprehensive report, the authors aim to demonstrate, classify and provide up-to-date clinical trial status of all the vaccines discovered to date and specifically focus on the approved candidates. Finally, the authors specifically focused on the vaccination of different types of medically distinct populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Kumar
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder DivisionCouncil of Scientific and Industrial Research‐Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR‐IICB), TRUE CampusKolkataIndia
| | - Malini Basu
- Department of MicrobiologyDhruba Chand Halder CollegeIndia
| | - Pratyasha Ghosh
- Department of Economics, Bethune CollegeUniversity of CalcuttaKolkataIndia
| | - Aafreen Ansari
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder DivisionCouncil of Scientific and Industrial Research‐Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR‐IICB), TRUE CampusKolkataIndia
| | - Mrinal K. Ghosh
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder DivisionCouncil of Scientific and Industrial Research‐Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR‐IICB), TRUE CampusKolkataIndia
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COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance during Pregnancy and Influencing Factors in South Korea. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195733. [PMID: 36233601 PMCID: PMC9573627 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnant women were excluded from vaccination against Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) until September 2021 in South Korea. Although vaccination for pregnant women started in October 2021, vaccine acceptance in pregnant women is yet unknown. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate COVID-19 vaccine acceptance during pregnancy and influencing factors. An anonymous survey was distributed in obstetrics departments to all pregnant or postpartum women, during the prenatal or postpartum visit. The proportion of self-reported COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy among 436 women was 26.6%. Pregnancy-related independent factors influencing maternal COVID-19 vaccination were “received vaccine information about from obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN) doctors” (OR 3.41, 95% CI 2.05–5.65), “cohabitant COVID-19 vaccination” (OR 2.43, 95% CI 1.06–5.59), and “second trimester” (OR 7.35, 95% CI 1.54–35.15). In women who did not want to get vaccinated, the most common reason for COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy was concern that COVID-19 vaccine might affect the fetus (91.7%, 243/266), followed by distrust in COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (42.6%, 113/266). This study showed that providing information about maternal COVID-19 vaccination, especially by OBGYN doctors, is crucial for increasing vaccination coverage in pregnant women. Providing updated evidence of COVID-19 vaccine efficacy and safety in pregnant women may be also helpful for increasing vaccine acceptance.
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COVID-19 Infection and Response to Vaccination in Chronic Kidney Disease and Renal Transplantation: A Brief Presentation. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12091358. [PMID: 36143394 PMCID: PMC9505388 DOI: 10.3390/life12091358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with phenotypic and functional changes in the immune system, followed by detrimental clinical consequences, such as severe infections and defective response to vaccination. Two years of the pandemic, due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), have undoubtedly changed the world; however, all efforts to confront infection and provide new generation vaccines tremendously improved our understanding of the mechanisms of the immune response against infections and after vaccination. Humoral and cellular responses to vaccines, including mRNA vaccines, are apparently affected in CKD patients, as elimination of recent thymic emigrant and naïve lymphocytes and regulatory T-cells, together with contraction of T-cell repertoire and homeostatic proliferation rate, which characterized CKD patients are responsible for impaired immune activation. Successful renal transplantation will restore some of these changes, although several epigenetic changes are irreversible and even accelerated by the induction of immunosuppression. Response to vaccination is definitely impaired among both CKD and RT patients. In the present review, we analyzed the differences in immune response after vaccination between these patients and healthy individuals and depicted specific parameters, such as alterations in the immune system, predisposing to this deficient response.
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SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Uptake during Pregnancy in Regione Lombardia, Italy: A Population-Based Study of 122,942 Pregnant Women. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081369. [PMID: 36016256 PMCID: PMC9415649 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Italy has been one of the hardest hit countries in the European Union since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and Regione Lombardia (RL) has reported the largest number of cases in the country. This population-based retrospective study analyzed RL records of 122,942 pregnant women to describe SARS-CoV-2 vaccination uptake in the pregnant population, to compare pregnant women vaccine uptake vs. women of childbearing age and to evaluate the impact of vaccination status in pregnant women on admissions to intensive care units during 2021. Vaccination uptake according to citizenship and educational level and the comparison between pregnant and non-pregnant women was performed by Z test. A logistic regression was performed to compare age groups. Out of 122,942 pregnant women, 79.9% were vaccinated at the end of 2021. The vaccine uptake rate was significantly lower in pregnant versus non-pregnant women but increased after the issuing of official recommendations. Vaccine administration was significantly higher among pregnant women with Italian citizenship and with a high level of education in all trimesters. In conclusion, the role of official recommendations with explicit communication about the importance and safety of vaccination in pregnancy is critical to obtain trust and acceptance among pregnant women.
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Biscarini S, Villa S, Genovese C, Tomasello M, Tonizzo A, Fava M, Iannotti N, Bolis M, Mariani B, Valzano AG, Morlacchi LC, Donato F, Castellano G, Cassin R, Carrabba M, Muscatello A, Gori A, Bandera A, Lombardi A. Safety Profile and Outcomes of Early COVID-19 Treatments in Immunocompromised Patients: A Single-Centre Cohort Study. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10082002. [PMID: 36009549 PMCID: PMC9405567 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10082002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Early treatment with remdesivir (RMD) or monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) could be a valuable tool in patients at risk of severe COVID-19 with unsatisfactory responses to vaccination. We aim to assess the safety and clinical outcomes of these treatments among immunocompromised subjects. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all nonhospitalized patients who received an early treatment with RMD or mAbs for COVID-19, from 25 November 2021 to 25 January 2022, in a large tertiary hospital. Outcomes included frequency of adverse drug reaction (ADR), duration of symptoms and molecular swab positivity, emergency department access, hospital or intensive care unit admission, and mortality in the 14 days following treatment administration. Results: Early treatments were administered to 143 patients, 106/143 (74.1%) immunocompromised, including 41 solid organ and 6 hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Overall, 23/143 (16.1%) subjects reported ADRs. Median time from treatment start to SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal swab negativity and symptom resolution was 10 (IQR 6–16) and 2.5 days (IQR 1.0–6.0), respectively, without differences between immunocompromised and nonimmunocompromised patients. In the 14 days after treatment administration, 5/143 patients (3.5%) were hospitalized and one died as a result of causes related to COVID-19, all of them were immunocompromised. Conclusions: RMD and mAbs have minimal ADRs and favourable outcomes in immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Biscarini
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Villa
- Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), University of Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Camilla Genovese
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), University of Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Mara Tomasello
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), University of Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Tonizzo
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), University of Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Fava
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), University of Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Nathalie Iannotti
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Bolis
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Bianca Mariani
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonia Grazia Valzano
- Clinical Laboratory, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Corinna Morlacchi
- Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Donato
- A.M. & A. Migliavacca Center for Liver Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castellano
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Renal Transplantation, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Ramona Cassin
- Hematology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Carrabba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Adult Primary Immunodeficiencies Centre, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Muscatello
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Gori
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), University of Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bandera
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), University of Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Lombardi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), University of Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0255034767
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Mullender C, da Costa KAS, Alrubayyi A, Pett SL, Peppa D. SARS-CoV-2 immunity and vaccine strategies in people with HIV. OXFORD OPEN IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 3:iqac005. [PMID: 36846557 PMCID: PMC9452103 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines, based on the ancestral Wuhan strain, were developed rapidly to meet the needs of a devastating global pandemic. People living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLWH) have been designated as a priority group for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in most regions and varying primary courses (two- or three-dose schedule) and additional boosters are recommended depending on current CD4+ T cell count and/or detectable HIV viraemia. From the current published data, licensed vaccines are safe for PLWH, and stimulate robust responses to vaccination in those well controlled on antiretroviral therapy and with high CD4+ T cell counts. Data on vaccine efficacy and immunogenicity remain, however, scarce in PLWH, especially in people with advanced disease. A greater concern is a potentially diminished immune response to the primary course and subsequent boosters, as well as an attenuated magnitude and durability of protective immune responses. A detailed understanding of the breadth and durability of humoral and T cell responses to vaccination, and the boosting effects of natural immunity to SARS-CoV-2, in more diverse populations of PLWH with a spectrum of HIV-related immunosuppression is therefore critical. This article summarizes focused studies of humoral and cellular responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in PLWH and provides a comprehensive review of the emerging literature on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine responses. Emphasis is placed on the potential effect of HIV-related factors and presence of co-morbidities modulating responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, and the remaining challenges informing the optimal vaccination strategy to elicit enduring responses against existing and emerging variants in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Mullender
- Centre for Clinical Research in Infection and Sexual Health, Institute for Global Health, University College London Institute for Global Health, London, UK
| | - Kelly A S da Costa
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Aljawharah Alrubayyi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah L Pett
- Centre for Clinical Research in Infection and Sexual Health, Institute for Global Health, University College London Institute for Global Health, London, UK
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, London, UK
| | - Dimitra Peppa
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
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Krakowczyk JB, Bäuerle A, Pape L, Kaup T, Nulle L, Teufel M, Skoda EM. COVID-19 Vaccine for Children: Vaccination Willingness of Parents and Its Associated Factors—A Network Analysis. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10071155. [PMID: 35891318 PMCID: PMC9320709 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Different COVID-19 vaccines have been approved for underage children, so parents and caregivers currently face the decision of whether to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 or not. Due to the rather moderate vaccine acceptance among parents across different countries, the objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between different psychological, demographic, and behavioral factors related to the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine for underage children among parents. In particular, vaccination attitudes, whether parents have been vaccinated against COVID-19 themselves, COVID-19 fear, attitude towards COVID-19 policy measures, governmental trust, subjective level of information, perceived risk of disease progression, and perceived risk of vaccine side effects were the variables of interest. The study adopted a cross-sectional study design, and the sample consisted of 2405 participants. A network analysis was conducted to investigate the associations and interconnection among these variables. The results showed that, in particular, compliance, confidence in the safety of vaccines, whether parents have been vaccinated against COVID-19 themselves, trust in the governmental system, fear of COVID-19, and the parents’ age were directly related to the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine for children. To increase compliance and confidence in the vaccines’ safety among parents, promotion campaigns should provide more information concerning the vaccines’ safety, particularly for younger parents who are not vaccinated against COVID-19 themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Barbara Krakowczyk
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR-University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.B.); (T.K.); (L.N.); (M.T.); (E.-M.S.)
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Alexander Bäuerle
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR-University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.B.); (T.K.); (L.N.); (M.T.); (E.-M.S.)
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Lars Pape
- Department of Pediatrics II, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Theodor Kaup
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR-University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.B.); (T.K.); (L.N.); (M.T.); (E.-M.S.)
| | - Laura Nulle
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR-University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.B.); (T.K.); (L.N.); (M.T.); (E.-M.S.)
| | - Martin Teufel
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR-University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.B.); (T.K.); (L.N.); (M.T.); (E.-M.S.)
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Skoda
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR-University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.B.); (T.K.); (L.N.); (M.T.); (E.-M.S.)
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
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COVID-19 in children: epidemic issues and candidate vaccines. Chin Med J (Engl) 2022; 135:1314-1324. [PMID: 35830254 PMCID: PMC9433085 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A large-scale vaccination of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) in adults has been conducted for nearly a year, and there is a growing recognition that immunization for children is also essential. It has been months since emergency use of pediatric COVID-19 vaccine was approved, we reviewed the prevalence and transmission of COVID-19 in children. The prevalence of COVID-19 in children is reduced due to vaccination even in a Delta prevalent period, so an increase in the vaccination rate is needed in children. Although the precise role of children in the transmission requires more research to uncover, they likely played a significant role, according to the available literature. We also described four candidate COVID-19 vaccines for children on their safety and immunogenicity and the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants on childhood vaccination. Safety issues on pediatric vaccines post-approval, like adverse events following immunization and adverse events of special interest require studies on long-term and effective regulatory mechanisms.
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Kociszewska-Najman B, Jaskólska M, Taradaj K, Sibanda E, Ginda T. Assessment of Anti m-RNA SARS-CoV-2 (BNT162b2) Antibody Titres in Mother and Child Pairs of Breastfeeding Women Vaccinated Post-Delivery. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10071089. [PMID: 35891253 PMCID: PMC9323872 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The global response to the COVID-19 pandemic has been successfully driven by efforts to ramp up access to vaccines. Pregnant or breastfeeding women and their children have not benefited from the vaccines despite their susceptibility to the virus. We investigated whether women who were offered vaccination after delivery passively transferred protective antibodies to their infants via breast milk. Serum was collected from breast feeding mother–infant pairs and analysed for levels of antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using the CLIA chemiluminescence technique. Data were analysed for the significance of the differences using the Mann–Whitney U test and the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient to determine the strength of the correlation. A total of 13 mothers, mean age 34.86 (95%CI = 33.21–36.48) years and their infants, mean age 15.77 (95%CI = 11.24–20.29) months were enrolled. The mothers had completed their courses of the mRNA BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine during breastfeeding, 8.3 (95%CI = 7.24–9.36) months before the study. All 13 mothers had detectable antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, mean 1252, (95%CI = 736–1769) BAU/mL. Antibodies were detected in 3/13 (23%) breast-fed infants mean 322, (95%CI = 252–897) BAU/mL. There was no correlation between the maternal and infant IgG antibody titres. The time-lag since full vaccination did not correlate to the presence of antibodies in infant sera. Maternal or infant ages did not correlate to the presence of antibodies. Although some children (23%) had anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, there was no association between vaccine-induced COVID-19 spike protein specific maternal IgG antibody titres and the presence of antibodies in the breastfed infants. The data show that the transfer of passive immunity to infants following post-partum vaccination with the mRNA BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine may be infrequent in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bożena Kociszewska-Najman
- Department of Neonatology and Rare Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland; (B.K.-N.); (K.T.); (T.G.)
| | - Magdalena Jaskólska
- Department of Neonatology and Rare Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland; (B.K.-N.); (K.T.); (T.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Karol Taradaj
- Department of Neonatology and Rare Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland; (B.K.-N.); (K.T.); (T.G.)
| | - Elopy Sibanda
- Faculty of Medicine, National University of Science and Technology in Bulawayo, Bulawayo P.O. Box AC 909, Zimbabwe;
| | - Tomasz Ginda
- Department of Neonatology and Rare Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland; (B.K.-N.); (K.T.); (T.G.)
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Karun A, Kaur RJ, Charan J, Murti K, Ramesh M, Ravichandiran V, Dhingra S. Impact of COVID-19 on Antimicrobial Resistance in Paediatric Population: a Narrative Review. CURRENT PHARMACOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 8:365-375. [PMID: 35789932 PMCID: PMC9244284 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-022-00298-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Irrational use of antimicrobials has been reported in paediatric population during the COVID-19 time period. This may lead to potential development of antimicrobial resistance and increased morbidity and mortality among this vulnerable population. The purpose of this review is to ascertain the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on antimicrobial resistance among paediatrics and the possible strategies to minimize the menace of antimicrobial resistance. Recent Findings Recent findings indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic has direct as well as indirect impact on the development of antimicrobial resistance among paediatric population. Summary This review article shows the impact of COVID-19 on the development of antimicrobial resistance and strategies to prevent it with special reference to antimicrobial stewardship programmes among paediatric population.
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Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology as a Guarantee of Patient Safety: The Role of the Clinical Pharmacologist. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11123552. [PMID: 35743619 PMCID: PMC9225198 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Immunological Study of Combined Administration of SARS-CoV-2 DNA Vaccine and Inactivated Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10060929. [PMID: 35746536 PMCID: PMC9228235 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10060929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: We constructed two DNA vaccines containing the receptor-binding domain (RBD) genes of multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants and used them in combination with inactivated vaccines in a variety of different protocols to explore potential novel immunization strategies against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Methods: Two DNA vaccine candidates with different signal peptides (namely, secreted and membrane signal peptides) and RBD protein genes of different SARS-CoV-2 strains (Wuhan-Hu-1, B.1.351, B.1.617.2, C.37) were used. Four different combinations of DNA and inactivated vaccines were tested, namely, Group A: three doses of DNA vaccine; B: three doses of DNA vaccine and one dose of inactivated vaccine; C: two doses of inactivated vaccine and one dose of DNA vaccine; and D: coadministration of DNA and inactivated vaccines in two doses. Subgroups were grouped according to the signal peptide used (subgroup 1 contained secreted signal peptides, and subgroup 2 contained membrane signal peptides). The in vitro expression of the DNA vaccines, the humoral and cellular immunity responses of the immunized mice, the immune cell population changes in local lymph nodes, and proinflammatory cytokine levels in serum samples were evaluated. Results: The antibody responses and cellular immunity in Group A were weak for all SARS-CoV-2 strains; for Group B, there was a great enhancement of neutralizing antibody (Nab) titers against the B.1.617.2 variant strain. Group C showed a significant increase in antibody responses (NAb titers against the Wuhan-Hu-1 strain were 768 and 1154 for Group C1 and Group C2, respectively, versus 576) and cellular immune responses, especially for variant B.1.617.2 (3240 (p < 0.001) and 2430 (p < 0.05) for Group C1 and Group C2, versus 450); Group D showed an improvement in immunogenicity. Group C induced higher levels of multiple cytokines. Conclusion: The DNA vaccine candidates we constructed, administered as boosters, could enhance the humoral and cellular immune responses of inactivated vaccines against COVID-19, especially for B.1.617.2.
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COVID-19: the possibility, ways, mechanisms, and interruptions of mother-to-child transmission. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2022; 307:1687-1696. [PMID: 35665849 PMCID: PMC9166277 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-022-06639-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background In December 2019, novel coronavirus pneumonia was detected in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and as the epidemic spread, such cases emerged worldwide. Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) named a new mutant Omicron (B.1.1.529), which disrupts the binding of most antibodies to the S protein and has a greater ability to break through the vaccine, posing a serious risk to population safety. Positive pregnant women give birth to positive newborns despite appropriate isolation measures taken by medical staff, suggesting that we may have vertical transmission of the novel coronavirus. This article analyzes and studies the possible vertical transmission path of the new coronavirus in the perinatal period of pregnant women and the antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), and puts forward effective preventive measures for positive pregnant women to provide further reference for clinical work. Methods We searched multiple databases, including PubMed, CNKI, Google Scholar, WHO COVID-19 database, and CDC database. Search terms included COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, vertical transmission, Omicron, Vaginal, Breast Feeding, Vaccine, Neonatal, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, Pregnancy, and Semen. Selection criteria The following criteria were also met: (1) positive maternal novel coronavirus nucleic acid test; (2) reporting of neonatal outcome; (3) language in Chinese or English; (4) study date or location indicated; (5) no suspected or confirmed duplicated reports. Results There is evidence of vertical transmission, and the risk of possible vertical transmission is 5.7% (75/1314). The article listed four possible vertical transmission routes, namely placental transmission, vaginal upstream transmission, breastfeeding transmission and monocyte, and macrophage transmission route, with placental transmission being the most probable. Meanwhile, SARS-CoV-2 may also enter the placenta to infect the fetus through antibody-dependent enhanced substitution mechanism. We recommend three methods for early surveillance of vertical transmission, namely nucleic acid testing, antibody screening, and antigen testing, and analyze their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, the article provides recommendations in four areas: labor management, neonatal management, nosocomial infection prevention and control, and vaccination. As well as suggesting effective preventive measures for positive pregnant women and analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of vaccination, it is recommended that pregnant women should be vaccinated promptly, but considering that the vaccine may cause fever, it is recommended to consider vaccination cautiously in the first trimester of pregnancy. Conclusion The article concludes that vertical transmission is possible, with placental transmission being the most likely, and that the risk of possible vertical transmission is 5.7% (75/1314). Good personal protection, patient isolation, ward disinfection, and vaccination are the best means of interrupting SARS-CoV-2.
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Laguila Altoé A, Marques Mambriz AP, Cardozo DM, Valentini Zacarias JM, Laguila Visentainer JE, Bahls-Pinto LD. Vaccine Protection Through Placenta and Breastfeeding: The Unmet Topic in COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Immunol 2022; 13:910138. [PMID: 35720385 PMCID: PMC9203883 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.910138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has turned pregnant women’s healthcare into a worldwide public health challenge. Although initial data did not demonstrate pregnancy as a more susceptible period to severe outcomes of acute severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, there are an increasing number of reports showing that not only pregnant women might be at significantly higher risk than non-pregnant women by COVID-19 but also the fetus. These findings may be related to adaptive changes that occur during pregnancy, such as the reduction in the residual respiratory capacity, the decrease in viral immune responses, and the increased risk for thromboembolic events. Additionally, despite the SARS-CoV-2 vertical transmission evidence being uncommon, maternal illness severity might reflect serious perinatal and neonatal outcomes. Thus, protecting the maternal–fetal dyad against COVID-19 is critical. Even though pregnant women initially were excluded from vaccine trials, several studies have provided safety and efficacy of the overall vaccine COVID-19 platforms. Vaccination during pregnancy becomes a priority and can generate benefits for both the mother and newborn: maternal neutralizing antibodies are transmitted through the placenta and breastfeeding. Moreover, regarding passive immunization, human milk contains other bioactive molecules and cells able to modulate the newborn’s immune response, which can be amplified after the vaccine. Nonetheless, many issues remain to be elucidated, considering the magnitude of the protective immunity transferred, the duration of the induced immunity, and the optimal interval for pregnant immunization. In this review, we assessed these unmet topics supported by literature evidence regarding the vaccine’s immunogenicity, pregnancy immune heterogeneity, and the unique human milk antiviral features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Laguila Altoé
- Department of Basic Health Science, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Anna Paula Marques Mambriz
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Physiopathology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | | | - Joana Maira Valentini Zacarias
- Department of Basic Health Science, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Physiopathology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Jeane Eliete Laguila Visentainer
- Department of Basic Health Science, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Physiopathology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Larissa Danielle Bahls-Pinto
- Department of Basic Health Science, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Larissa Danielle Bahls-Pinto,
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Orebi HA, Emara HE, Alhindi AA, Shahin MR, Hegazy AH, Kabbash IA, Saied SM. Perceptions and experiences of COVID-19 vaccines’ side effects among healthcare workers at an Egyptian University Hospital: a cross-sectional study. Trop Med Health 2022; 50:37. [PMID: 35637513 PMCID: PMC9148842 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-022-00427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A safe and effective vaccine is the ultimate key to mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccine acceptance is influenced by various factors, including perceptions about the vaccine’s safety and side effects. The side effects vary depending on the type of the vaccine, but they are mainly mild, local, temporary, and self-limiting.
Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out at Tanta University Hospitals, including 1246 healthcare workers who received either the first or the second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine, selected via a systematic random sampling technique using a self-administered structured validated questionnaire for data collection from November 2021 to January 2022. Qualitative data were presented as frequencies and percentages and analyzed using Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. Results The prevalence of one or more side effects was 91.3%. Among participants, about two-thirds believed in vaccine safety and its necessity (65.4% and 63.6%, respectively). Significantly more participants (46.9%) were concerned about AstraZeneca thrombotic complications than other vaccine types. The top five side effects reported by participants were injection site pain (64.8%), sense of fatigue (57.1%), headache (49.9%), muscle pain (48.7%), and fever (46.5). Most of the side effects were significantly higher among participants vaccinated with AstraZeneca. Side effects impacted work capacity of 23.4%, which was significantly higher among participants who received AstraZeneca (33.6%). Conclusion Participants had a good level of belief in vaccination safety and necessity. Healthcare workers who got the AstraZeneca vaccination reported more adverse effects than other vaccines. Injection site pain, fatigue, headache, muscle pains, and fever were the most frequently reported side effects. More research on vaccination safety is needed to understand the long-term adverse effects of vaccinations better, improve the public trust, and accelerate vaccine adoption.
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Ogura W, Ohtsuka K, Matsuura S, Okuyama T, Matsushima S, Yamasaki S, Miyagi H, Sekiguchi K, Ohnishi H, Watanabe T. Can Individuals with Suboptimal Antibody Responses to Conventional Antiviral Vaccines Acquire Adequate Antibodies from SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination? Viruses 2022; 14:956. [PMID: 35632698 PMCID: PMC9147467 DOI: 10.3390/v14050956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In Japan, healthcare workers (HCWs) are vaccinated against measles, rubella, chickenpox, mumps, and hepatitis B to prevent nosocomial infection; however, some do not produce sufficient antibodies ("suboptimal responders"). This study compared immune responses to a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 mRNA) vaccine among HCWs with normal and suboptimal responses to conventional vaccines. In this prospective cohort study, 50 HCWs received two doses of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine 3 weeks apart. SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike antibodies were measured 11 times, starting before the first vaccination and ending 5 months after the second vaccination. Antibody titers of four suboptimal and 46 normal responders were compared. SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody activity was measured twice in suboptimal responders, 1 week/1 month and 5 months after the second vaccination. The SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike antibody was detectable in the samples from suboptimal and normal responders at each timepoint after vaccination. Suboptimal responders exhibited SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody activity 1 week/1 month as well as 5 months after the second vaccination; however, activity was slightly reduced at 5 months. Our findings show that suboptimal responders do acquire adequate SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike and SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies from vaccination to prevent SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines should thus be recommended for both normal and suboptimal responders to conventional vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Ogura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kyorin University Hospital, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan; (W.O.); (S.M.); (T.O.); (H.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Kouki Ohtsuka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan; (S.M.); (S.Y.); (H.O.); (T.W.)
| | - Sachiko Matsuura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kyorin University Hospital, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan; (W.O.); (S.M.); (T.O.); (H.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Takahiro Okuyama
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kyorin University Hospital, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan; (W.O.); (S.M.); (T.O.); (H.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Satsuki Matsushima
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan; (S.M.); (S.Y.); (H.O.); (T.W.)
| | - Satoko Yamasaki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan; (S.M.); (S.Y.); (H.O.); (T.W.)
| | - Hiroyuki Miyagi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kyorin University Hospital, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan; (W.O.); (S.M.); (T.O.); (H.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Kumiko Sekiguchi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kyorin University Hospital, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan; (W.O.); (S.M.); (T.O.); (H.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Hiroaki Ohnishi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan; (S.M.); (S.Y.); (H.O.); (T.W.)
| | - Takashi Watanabe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan; (S.M.); (S.Y.); (H.O.); (T.W.)
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Hartmann K, Möstl K, Lloret A, Thiry E, Addie DD, Belák S, Boucraut-Baralon C, Egberink H, Frymus T, Hofmann-Lehmann R, Lutz H, Marsilio F, Pennisi MG, Tasker S, Truyen U, Hosie MJ. Vaccination of Immunocompromised Cats. Viruses 2022; 14:v14050923. [PMID: 35632665 PMCID: PMC9147348 DOI: 10.3390/v14050923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunocompromise is a common condition in cats, especially due to widespread infections with immunosuppressive viruses, such as feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukaemia virus (FeLV), but also due to chronic non-infectious diseases, such as tumours, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease, as well as treatment with immunosuppressive drugs, such as glucocorticoids, cyclosporins, or tumour chemotherapy. In this review, the European Advisory Board on Cat Diseases (ABCD), a scientifically independent board of experts in feline medicine from eleven European countries, discusses the current knowledge and rationale for vaccination of immunocompromised cats. So far, there are few data available on vaccination of immunocompromised cats, and sometimes studies produce controversial results. Thus, this guideline summarizes the available scientific studies and fills in the gaps with expert opinion, where scientific studies are missing. Ultimately, this review aims to help veterinarians with their decision-making in how best to vaccinate immunocompromised cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Hartmann
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Karin Möstl
- Institute of Virology, Department for Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Albert Lloret
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Etienne Thiry
- Veterinary Virology and Animal Viral Diseases, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, FARAH Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Liège University, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
| | - Diane D. Addie
- Veterinary Diagnostic Services, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK;
| | - Sándor Belák
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health (BVF), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | | | - Herman Egberink
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Tadeusz Frymus
- Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Regina Hofmann-Lehmann
- Clinical Laboratory, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (R.H.-L.); (H.L.)
| | - Hans Lutz
- Clinical Laboratory, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (R.H.-L.); (H.L.)
| | - Fulvio Marsilio
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
| | - Maria Grazia Pennisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Séverine Tasker
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK;
- Linnaeus Veterinary Ltd., Shirley, Solihull B90 4BN, UK
| | - Uwe Truyen
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Margaret J. Hosie
- MRC—University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK;
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Özdemir Ö, Dikici Ü. COVID-19 vaccination rate and side effects in CVID patients over the age of 12. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2068337. [PMID: 35481799 PMCID: PMC9302523 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2068337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Öner Özdemir
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Research and Training Hospital of Sakarya University Medical Faculty, Adapazarı, Türkiye
| | - Ümmügülsüm Dikici
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Research and Training Hospital of Sakarya University Medical Faculty, Adapazarı, Türkiye
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Marrone M, Luca BPD, Stellacci A, Buongiorno L, Caricato P, Cazzato G, Ferorelli D, Solarino B, Stefanizzi P, Tafuri S, Gorini E, Landro MD, Dell’Erba A, Laforgia N. COVID-19 Vaccination in Italian Children: The Limits of Parental Rights. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:625. [PMID: 35626802 PMCID: PMC9139867 DOI: 10.3390/children9050625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaigns initially targeted the adult population. After the authorization of the main agencies, including the EMA (European Medicines Agency), the European Vaccination Plan now involves young people between the ages of 12-17 and 5-11. In assessing the child's "best interests", the refusal of vaccination by parents or guardians, in addition to the increased circulation of the virus, is responsible for the risk of social distancing. This reduction in social contacts, particularly during very sensitive ages such as adolescence, has been linked to the increased incidence of psychiatric illness, a significant reason for extending vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in these younger children. One may consider that government should issue a law that allows the child to decide on the vaccination plan, even without the consent of the parents or guardians, without the need for a judge's ruling. The availability of the child should be the point of reference, according to the National Bioethics Committee, for consent to vaccination. The authors investigate the subject in depth in order to counteract vaccination hesitation, and promote the dissemination of correct scientific information, using every different possible communication tool, as well as social networks and schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricla Marrone
- Section of Legal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (B.P.D.L.); (A.S.); (L.B.); (P.C.); (D.F.); (B.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Benedetta Pia De Luca
- Section of Legal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (B.P.D.L.); (A.S.); (L.B.); (P.C.); (D.F.); (B.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Alessandra Stellacci
- Section of Legal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (B.P.D.L.); (A.S.); (L.B.); (P.C.); (D.F.); (B.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Luigi Buongiorno
- Section of Legal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (B.P.D.L.); (A.S.); (L.B.); (P.C.); (D.F.); (B.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Pierluigi Caricato
- Section of Legal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (B.P.D.L.); (A.S.); (L.B.); (P.C.); (D.F.); (B.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Gerardo Cazzato
- Section of Pathology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Davide Ferorelli
- Section of Legal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (B.P.D.L.); (A.S.); (L.B.); (P.C.); (D.F.); (B.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Biagio Solarino
- Section of Legal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (B.P.D.L.); (A.S.); (L.B.); (P.C.); (D.F.); (B.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Pasquale Stefanizzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (P.S.); (S.T.)
| | - Silvio Tafuri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (P.S.); (S.T.)
| | - Ettore Gorini
- Department of Economics and Finance, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (E.G.); (M.d.L.)
| | - Michele di Landro
- Department of Economics and Finance, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (E.G.); (M.d.L.)
| | - Alessandro Dell’Erba
- Section of Legal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (B.P.D.L.); (A.S.); (L.B.); (P.C.); (D.F.); (B.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Nicola Laforgia
- U.O.C. Neonatology and NICU Policlinico Bari, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
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Evaluation of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Related to Self-Testing Procedure against COVID-19 among Greek Students: A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084559. [PMID: 35457427 PMCID: PMC9026819 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on health, economy, society and education. In the effort to return to normalcy, according to the instructions of the Greek Government for the resumption of the operation of schools, a screening Rapid Antigen Detection Test with the method of self-testing is required for students twice per week, for the early identification and isolation of positive cases. We aimed to pivotally investigate the knowledge, attitudes and practices related to self-testing procedures against COVID-19 among Greek students. A questionnaire was distributed to a convenient sample of students in the region of Athens. Information about the vaccination coverage against SARS-CoV-2 was also obtained. Our study included 1000 students, with 70% of them having an average grade at school. Most of the participants were aware of coronavirus (98.6%) and the self-test (95.5%). The vast majority of students (97%) performed self-testing twice per week, with the 70% them being assisted by someone else. Nearly one sixth of the participants had been infected by COVID-19 (14%) while 36% of them have already been vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. In conclusion, we report high compliance with the COVID-19 self-testing procedure among students in Attica, Greece. Older age adolescents are more likely to not comply with the regulations of self-testing. Consequently, tailored interventions targeted at older age adolescents are warranted in order to increase the acceptability of self-testing.
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Abstract
Neuroimmunological diseases and their treatment compromise the immune system, thereby increasing the risk of infections and serious illness. Consequently, vaccinations to protect against infections are an important part of the clinical management of these diseases. However, the wide variety of immunotherapies that are currently used to treat neuroimmunological disease — particularly multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders — can also impair immunological responses to vaccinations. In this Review, we discuss what is known about the effects of various immunotherapies on immunological responses to vaccines and what these effects mean for the safe and effective use of vaccines in patients with a neuroimmunological disease. The success of vaccination in patients receiving immunotherapy largely depends on the specific mode of action of the immunotherapy. To minimize the risk of infection when using immunotherapy, assessment of immune status and exclusion of underlying chronic infections before initiation of therapy are essential. Selection of the required vaccinations and leaving appropriate time intervals between vaccination and administration of immunotherapy can help to safeguard patients. We also discuss the rapidly evolving knowledge of how immunotherapies affect responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and how these effects should influence the management of patients on these therapies during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this Review, the authors discuss how various immunotherapies for neuroimmunological diseases interact with vaccination responses, including responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations, and the implications for the safe and effective use of vaccines in patients with these diseases. Vaccination against infection is an essential part of the management of neuroimmunological diseases. All indicated vaccinations should be administered before initiation of immunotherapy whenever possible; appropriate intervals between vaccination and treatment vary with treatment and vaccination. Inactivated vaccines are considered safe in neuroimmunological diseases but live vaccines are generally contraindicated during immunotherapy. Vaccination responses during immunotherapy can be diminished or abrogated, depending on the treatment and vaccination; antibody titre testing to monitor responses can be considered where appropriate. Vaccinations must be avoided during relapses or exacerbations of neuroimmunological diseases. Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is recommended for patients with neuroimmunological disease but some immunotherapies limit the immune response; therefore, timing should be considered carefully.
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Eberlein B, Mathes S, Fischer J, Darsow U, Biedermann T, Brockow K. Do basophil activation tests help elucidate allergic reactions to the ingredients in COVID-19 vaccines? Allergy 2022; 77:2924-2936. [PMID: 35266570 PMCID: PMC9111482 DOI: 10.1111/all.15278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide use of COVID-19 vaccines has shown that immediate allergic reactions to the ingredients are rare but should be clarified by means of an allergological work-up. This review aims to highlight the current state of knowledge and possible pathogenesis based on the literature published to date. In addition to recording a detailed history and performing skin tests, cellular tests (basophil activation or basophil histamine release test) by using the vaccines or modified compounds containing polyethylene glycol (PEG), rather than unmodified PEGs, have proven to be particularly helpful. Negative results with vaccines seem to indicate tolerance. Details of the performance of these cellular tests with different vaccines, PEGs of different molecular weights, other ingredients of the vaccines, as well as other PEGylated drugs, and the results in the context of COVID-19 vaccination of various working groups worldwide are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Eberlein
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy BiedersteinSchool of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Sonja Mathes
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy BiedersteinSchool of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Jörg Fischer
- Department of DermatologyEberhard Karls UniversityTübingenGermany,Division of Experimental Allergy and ImmunodermatologyUniversity of OldenburgOldenburgGermany
| | - Ulf Darsow
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy BiedersteinSchool of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Tilo Biedermann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy BiedersteinSchool of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Knut Brockow
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy BiedersteinSchool of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
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74
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Li M, Zu J, Zhang Y, Ma L, Shen M, Li Z, Ji F. COVID-19 epidemic in New York City: development of an age group-specific mathematical model to predict the outcome of various vaccination strategies. Virol J 2022; 19:43. [PMID: 35292054 PMCID: PMC8922400 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01771-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since December 14, 2020, New York City (NYC) has started the first batch of COVID-19 vaccines. However, the shortage of vaccines is currently an inevitable problem. Therefore, optimizing the age-specific COVID-19 vaccination is an important issue that needs to be addressed as a priority. Objective Combined with the reported COVID-19 data in NYC, this study aimed to construct a mathematical model with five age groups to estimate the impact of age-specific vaccination on reducing the prevalence of COVID-19. Methods We proposed an age-structured mathematical model and estimated the unknown parameters based on the method of Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). We also calibrated our model by using three different types of reported COVID-19 data in NYC. Moreover, we evaluated the reduced cumulative number of deaths and new infections with different vaccine allocation strategies. Results Compared with the current vaccination strategy in NYC, if we gradually increased the vaccination coverage rate for only one age groups from March 1, 2021 such that the vaccination coverage rate would reach to 40% by June 1, 2021, then as of June 1, 2021, the cumulative deaths in the 75–100 age group would be reduced the most, about 72 fewer deaths per increased 100,000 vaccinated individuals, and the cumulative new infections in the 0–17 age group would be reduced the most, about 21,591 fewer new infections per increased 100,000 vaccinated individuals. If we gradually increased the vaccination coverage rate for two age groups from March 1, 2021 such that the vaccination coverage rate would reach to 40% by June 1, 2021, then as of June 1, 2021, the cumulative deaths in the 65–100 age group would be reduced the most, about 36 fewer deaths per increased 100,000 vaccinated individuals, and the cumulative new infections in the 0–44 age group would be reduced the most, about 17,515 fewer new infections per increased 100,000 vaccinated individuals. In addition, if we had an additional 100,000 doses of vaccine for 0–17 and 75–100 age groups as of June 1, 2021, then the allocation of 80% to the 0–17 age group and 20% to the 75–100 age group would reduce the maximum numbers of new infections and deaths simultaneously in NYC. Conclusions The COVID-19 burden including deaths and new infections would decrease with increasing vaccination coverage rate. Priority vaccination to the elderly and adolescents would minimize both deaths and new infections. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12985-022-01771-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaolei Li
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zu
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an, Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Le Ma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xi Wu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingwang Shen
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710006, China
| | - Zongfang Li
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related To Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, 710006, China
| | - Fanpu Ji
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xi Wu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China. .,National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related To Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, 710006, China. .,Shaanxi Clinical Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Xi'an, 710006, China.
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75
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Matryba P, Gawalski K, Ciesielska I, Horvath A, Bartoszewicz Z, Sienko J, Ambroziak U, Malesa-Tarasiuk K, Staniszewska A, Golab J, Krenke R. The Influence of Time of Day of Vaccination with BNT162b2 on the Adverse Drug Reactions and Efficacy of Humoral Response against SARS-CoV-2 in an Observational Study of Young Adults. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10030443. [PMID: 35335074 PMCID: PMC8954058 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10030443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing body of evidence from both academic and clinical studies shows that time-of-day exposure to antigens might significantly alter and modulate the development of adaptive immune responses. Considering the immense impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on global health and the diminished efficacy of vaccination in selected populations, such as older and immunocompromised patients, it is critical to search for the most optimal conditions for mounting immune responses against SARS-CoV-2. Hence, we conducted an observational study on 435 healthy young adults vaccinated with two doses of BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine to determine whether time-of-day of vaccination influences either the magnitude of humoral response or number of adverse drug reactions (ADR) being reported. We found no significant differences between morning and afternoon vaccination in terms of both titers of anti-Spike antibodies and frequency of ADR in the studied population. In addition, our analysis of data on the occurrence of ADR in 1324 subjects demonstrated that the second administration of vaccine in those with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with lower incidence of ADR. In aggregate, vaccination against COVID-19 with two doses of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine is presumed to generate an equally efficient anti-Spike humoral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Matryba
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.G.); (J.G.)
- The Doctoral School of the Medical University of Warsaw, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Karol Gawalski
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.G.); (J.G.)
| | - Iga Ciesielska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (I.C.); (K.M.-T.); (R.K.)
| | - Andrea Horvath
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Zbigniew Bartoszewicz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (Z.B.); (U.A.)
| | - Jacek Sienko
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Urszula Ambroziak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (Z.B.); (U.A.)
| | - Karolina Malesa-Tarasiuk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (I.C.); (K.M.-T.); (R.K.)
| | - Anna Staniszewska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Jakub Golab
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.G.); (J.G.)
| | - Rafał Krenke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (I.C.); (K.M.-T.); (R.K.)
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76
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Stock SJ, Carruthers J, Calvert C, Denny C, Donaghy J, Goulding A, Hopcroft LEM, Hopkins L, McLaughlin T, Pan J, Shi T, Taylor B, Agrawal U, Auyeung B, Katikireddi SV, McCowan C, Murray J, Simpson CR, Robertson C, Vasileiou E, Sheikh A, Wood R. SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination rates in pregnant women in Scotland. Nat Med 2022; 28:504-512. [PMID: 35027756 PMCID: PMC8938271 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01666-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Population-level data on COVID-19 vaccine uptake in pregnancy and SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes are lacking. We describe COVID-19 vaccine uptake and SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women in Scotland, using whole-population data from a national, prospective cohort. Between the start of a COVID-19 vaccine program in Scotland, on 8 December 2020 and 31 October 2021, 25,917 COVID-19 vaccinations were given to 18,457 pregnant women. Vaccine coverage was substantially lower in pregnant women than in the general female population of 18-44 years; 32.3% of women giving birth in October 2021 had two doses of vaccine compared to 77.4% in all women. The extended perinatal mortality rate for women who gave birth within 28 d of a COVID-19 diagnosis was 22.6 per 1,000 births (95% CI 12.9-38.5; pandemic background rate 5.6 per 1,000 births; 452 out of 80,456; 95% CI 5.1-6.2). Overall, 77.4% (3,833 out of 4,950; 95% CI 76.2-78.6) of SARS-CoV-2 infections, 90.9% (748 out of 823; 95% CI 88.7-92.7) of SARS-CoV-2 associated with hospital admission and 98% (102 out of 104; 95% CI 92.5-99.7) of SARS-CoV-2 associated with critical care admission, as well as all baby deaths, occurred in pregnant women who were unvaccinated at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis. Addressing low vaccine uptake rates in pregnant women is imperative to protect the health of women and babies in the ongoing pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Stock
- University of Edinburgh Usher Institute, Edinburgh, UK.
- Public Health Scotland, Scotland, UK.
| | | | - Clara Calvert
- University of Edinburgh Usher Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | | | - Lisa E M Hopcroft
- Public Health Scotland, Scotland, UK
- The DataLab, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Ting Shi
- University of Edinburgh Usher Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Utkarsh Agrawal
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Bonnie Auyeung
- School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi
- Public Health Scotland, Scotland, UK
- MRC/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Colin McCowan
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Colin R Simpson
- University of Edinburgh Usher Institute, Edinburgh, UK
- School of Health, Wellington Faculty of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Chris Robertson
- Public Health Scotland, Scotland, UK
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Aziz Sheikh
- University of Edinburgh Usher Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rachael Wood
- University of Edinburgh Usher Institute, Edinburgh, UK
- Public Health Scotland, Scotland, UK
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77
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Tolerability of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine during Pregnancy among Polish Healthcare Professionals. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020200. [PMID: 35214659 PMCID: PMC8876673 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The tolerance and safety of vaccination in pregnancy should be assessed in local populations based on ethnic differences across countries. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the tolerability of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination in pregnancy in a Polish population. An online questionnaire enquiring about the safety and tolerability of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine was distributed to pregnant and non-pregnant female healthcare professionals who had voluntarily received one or two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine in Poland. The two groups were compared simultaneously considering the COVID-19 infection status before vaccination. Compared with that noted in the control group, pregnant women in the COVID-19-free group were less likely to have fever (p = 0.002) or gastrointestinal symptoms (p = 0.009) after the second dose. In the COVID-19-exposed group, pregnant women were less likely to experience local skin reactions (p = 0.009), and myalgia (p = 0.003) after the first dose. After the second dose, the only noticeable difference was a lower incidence of myalgia (p = 0.001) in pregnant women. The tolerability of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine was similar in both the groups. No severe local, generalised, or pregnancy complications related to mother or foetus were observed. Good tolerability of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in pregnancy in the Polish population may facilitate the decision to vaccinate pregnant women against COVID-19.
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78
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Zhou JG, Lu YM, Wang LB, Yu H, Zhang T, Chen YW, Zhou WH. Pediatric patients in the new wave of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Shanghai, China. World J Pediatr 2022; 18:579-581. [PMID: 35713812 PMCID: PMC9204678 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-022-00570-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Guo Zhou
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Ming Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Bo Wang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Wei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Hao Zhou
- Molecular Medical Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201101, China.
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79
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Rudan I, Adeloye D, Katikireddi SV, Murray J, Simpson C, Shah SA, Robertson C, Sheikh A. The COVID-19 pandemic in children and young people during 2020-2021: Learning about clinical presentation, patterns of spread, viral load, diagnosis and treatment. J Glob Health 2021; 11:01010. [PMID: 35047182 PMCID: PMC8763336 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.11.01010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Rudan
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Davies Adeloye
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Josie Murray
- COVID-19 Surveillance Lead, Public Health Scotland, Fife, UK
| | - Colin Simpson
- School of Health, Wellington Faculty of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
- Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Chris Robertson
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK and Public Health Scotland, Glasgow, UK
| | - Aziz Sheikh
- Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - EAVE II collaboration
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, Glasgow, UK
- COVID-19 Surveillance Lead, Public Health Scotland, Fife, UK
- School of Health, Wellington Faculty of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
- Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK and Public Health Scotland, Glasgow, UK
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80
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Dziedzic A, Riad A, Attia S, Klugar M, Tanasiewicz M. Self-Reported Adverse Events of COVID-19 Vaccines in Polish Healthcare Workers and Medical Students. Cross-Sectional Study and Pooled Analysis of CoVaST Project Results in Central Europe. J Clin Med 2021; 10:5338. [PMID: 34830620 PMCID: PMC8623766 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10225338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimization of COVID-19 vaccination rate among healthcare personnel is of utmost priority to secure provision of uninterrupted care and to protect the most vulnerable patients. This study, as part of the global CoVaST project, aimed to assess the occurrence of short-term adverse events (SRAEs) of two most administered COVID-19 vaccines, mRNA-based (Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna) and viral vector-based (AstraZeneca) in healthcare sector workers (HWs). METHODS A cross-sectional survey-based study was carried out for the first time among 317 Polish healthcare sector personnel and medical students using a validated and pre-tested questionnaire. The online questionnaire included 25 pre-tested, validated questions concerning demographic data, medical parameters, COVID-19-related anamneses, and local or systemic reactions (reactogenicity) associated with COVID-19 vaccination. Descriptive statistics, inferential tests and binary logistic regression were performed. RESULTS Out of the 247 participating HWs, 79.8% were females, and 77.5% received mRNA-based vaccines, while 24.5% received a viral vector-based vaccine. Cumulatively, 78.9% and 60.7% of the participants reported at least one local and one systemic SRAE respectively, following their COVID-19 first or second dose of vaccine. A wide array of SRAEs was observed, while pain at injection site (76.9%) was the most common local SRAE, and fatigue (46.2%), headache (37.7%), muscle pain (31.6%) were the most common systemic SRAEs. The vast proportion of local (35.2%) and systemic (44.8%) SRAEs subsided up to 1 day after inoculation with both types of vaccines. The mRNA-based vaccine versions seem to cause higher prevalence of local SRAEs, mainly pain within injection site (81.3% vs. 71.7%; p = 0.435), while the viral vector-based vaccine was linked with increased incidents of mild systemic side effects (76.7% vs. 55.3%; p = 0.004) after both doses. Pooled analysis revealed uniform results while comparing the prevalence of SRAEs in HWs as recipients in four central European countries (OR = 2.38; 95% CI = 2.03-2.79). CONCLUSIONS The study confirmed the safety of commonly administered vaccines against COVID-19, which were associated with mild, self-resolving adverse events. No major vaccine-related incidents were reported which would affect every day functioning, significantly. The younger age group (below 29 y.o.) were associated with an increased risk of adverse events generally. The results enhanced current data regarding COVID-19 vaccination active surveillance in selected occupational groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Dziedzic
- Department of Restorative Dentistry with Endodontics, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Abanoub Riad
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation, Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.R.); (M.K.)
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sameh Attia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Miloslav Klugar
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation, Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.R.); (M.K.)
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Tanasiewicz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry with Endodontics, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
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