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Dolivo DM, Reed CR, Gargiulo KA, Rodrigues AE, Galiano RD, Mustoe TA, Hong SJ. Anti-fibrotic effects of statin drugs: a review of evidence and mechanisms. Biochem Pharmacol 2023:115644. [PMID: 37321414 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a pathological repair process common among organs, that responds to damage by replacement of tissue with non-functional connective tissue. Despite the widespread prevalence of tissue fibrosis, manifesting in numerous disease states across myriad organs, therapeutic modalities to prevent or alleviate fibrosis are severely lacking in quantity and efficacy. Alongside development of new drugs, repurposing of existing drugs may be a complementary strategy to elect anti-fibrotic compounds for pharmacologic treatment of tissue fibrosis. Drug repurposing can provide key advantages to de novo drug discovery, harnessing the benefits of previously elucidated mechanisms of action and already existing pharmacokinetic profiles. One class of drugs a wealth of clinical data and extensively studied safety profiles is the statins, a class of antilipidemic drugs widely prescribed for hypercholesterolemia. In addition to these widely utilized lipid-lowering effects, increasing data from cellular, pre-clinical mammalian, and clinical human studies have also demonstrated that statins are able to alleviate tissue fibrosis originating from a variety of pathological insults via lesser-studied, pleiotropic effects of these drugs. Here we review literature demonstrating evidence for direct effects of statins antagonistic to fibrosis, as well as much of the available mechanistic data underlying these effects. A more complete understanding of the anti-fibrotic effects of statins may enable a clearer picture of their anti-fibrotic potential for various clinical indications. Additionally, more lucid comprehension of the mechanisms by which statins exert anti-fibrotic effects may aid in development of novel therapeutic agents that target similar pathways but with greater specificity or efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Dolivo
- Department of Surgery-Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States.
| | - Charlotte R Reed
- Department of Surgery-Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States
| | - Kristine A Gargiulo
- Department of Surgery-Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States
| | - Adrian E Rodrigues
- Department of Surgery-Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States
| | - Robert D Galiano
- Department of Surgery-Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States
| | - Thomas A Mustoe
- Department of Surgery-Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States
| | - Seok Jong Hong
- Department of Surgery-Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States.
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52
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Seixas AI, Morais MRG, Brakebusch C, Relvas JB. A RhoA-mediated biomechanical response in Schwann cells modulates peripheral nerve myelination. Prog Neurobiol 2023:102481. [PMID: 37315917 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Myelin improves axonal conduction velocity and is essential for nerve development and regeneration. In peripheral nerves, Schwann cells depend on bidirectional mechanical and biochemical signaling to form the myelin sheath but the mechanism underlying this process is not understood. Rho GTPases are integrators of "outside-in" signaling that link cytoskeletal dynamics with cellular architecture to regulate morphology and adhesion. Using Schwann cell-specific gene inactivation in the mouse, we discovered that RhoA promotes the initiation of myelination, and is required to both drive and terminate myelin growth at different stages of peripheral myelination, suggesting developmentally-specific modes of action. In Schwann cells, RhoA targets actin filament turnover, via Cofilin 1, actomyosin contractility and cortical actin-membrane attachments. This mechanism couples actin cortex mechanics with the molecular organization of the cell boundary to target specific signaling networks that regulate axon-Schwann cell interaction/adhesion and myelin growth. This work shows that RhoA is a key component of a biomechanical response required to control Schwann cell state transitions for proper myelination of peripheral nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Seixas
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Miguel R G Morais
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - João B Relvas
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Dept of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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53
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Chen B, Jin W. A comprehensive review of stroke-related signaling pathways and treatment in western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1200061. [PMID: 37351420 PMCID: PMC10282194 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1200061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides insight into the complex network of signaling pathways and mechanisms involved in stroke pathophysiology. It summarizes the historical progress of stroke-related signaling pathways, identifying potential interactions between them and emphasizing that stroke is a complex network disease. Of particular interest are the Hippo signaling pathway and ferroptosis signaling pathway, which remain understudied areas of research, and are therefore a focus of the review. The involvement of multiple signaling pathways, including Sonic Hedgehog (SHH), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT, and AMPK in pathophysiological mechanisms such as oxidative stress and apoptosis, highlights the complexity of stroke. The review also delves into the details of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapies such as Rehmanniae and Astragalus, providing an analysis of the recent status of western medicine in the treatment of stroke and the advantages and disadvantages of TCM and western medicine in stroke treatment. The review proposes that since stroke is a network disease, TCM has the potential and advantages of a multi-target and multi-pathway mechanism of action in the treatment of stroke. Therefore, it is suggested that future research should explore more treasures of TCM and develop new therapies from the perspective of stroke as a network disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binhao Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Jin
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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54
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Cervantes-Villagrana RD, García-Jiménez I, Vázquez-Prado J. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors for Rho GTPases (RhoGEFs) as oncogenic effectors and strategic therapeutic targets in metastatic cancer. Cell Signal 2023; 109:110749. [PMID: 37290677 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic cancer cells dynamically adjust their shape to adhere, invade, migrate, and expand to generate secondary tumors. Inherent to these processes is the constant assembly and disassembly of cytoskeletal supramolecular structures. The subcellular places where cytoskeletal polymers are built and reorganized are defined by the activation of Rho GTPases. These molecular switches directly respond to signaling cascades integrated by Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RhoGEFs), which are sophisticated multidomain proteins that control morphological behavior of cancer and stromal cells in response to cell-cell interactions, tumor-secreted factors and actions of oncogenic proteins within the tumor microenvironment. Stromal cells, including fibroblasts, immune and endothelial cells, and even projections of neuronal cells, adjust their shapes and move into growing tumoral masses, building tumor-induced structures that eventually serve as metastatic routes. Here we review the role of RhoGEFs in metastatic cancer. They are highly diverse proteins with common catalytic modules that select among a variety of homologous Rho GTPases enabling them to load GTP, acquiring an active conformation that stimulates effectors controlling actin cytoskeleton remodeling. Therefore, due to their strategic position in oncogenic signaling cascades, and their structural diversity flanking common catalytic modules, RhoGEFs possess unique characteristics that make them conceptual targets of antimetastatic precision therapies. Preclinical proof of concept, demonstrating the antimetastatic effect of inhibiting either expression or activity of βPix (ARHGEF7), P-Rex1, Vav1, ARHGEF17, and Dock1, among others, is emerging.
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55
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Lavrsen K, Rajendraprasad G, Leda M, Eibes S, Vitiello E, Katopodis V, Goryachev AB, Barisic M. Microtubule detyrosination drives symmetry breaking to polarize cells for directed cell migration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2300322120. [PMID: 37216553 PMCID: PMC10235987 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2300322120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
To initiate directed movement, cells must become polarized, establishing a protrusive leading edge and a contractile trailing edge. This symmetry-breaking process involves reorganization of cytoskeleton and asymmetric distribution of regulatory molecules. However, what triggers and maintains this asymmetry during cell migration remains largely elusive. Here, we established a micropatterning-based 1D motility assay to investigate the molecular basis of symmetry breaking required for directed cell migration. We show that microtubule (MT) detyrosination drives cell polarization by directing kinesin-1-based transport of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) protein to cortical sites. This is essential for the formation of cell's leading edge during 1D and 3D cell migration. These data, combined with biophysical modeling, unveil a key role for MT detyrosination in the generation of a positive feedback loop linking MT dynamics and kinesin-1-based transport. Thus, symmetry breaking during cell polarization relies on a feedback loop driven by MT detyrosination that supports directed cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstine Lavrsen
- Cell Division and Cytoskeleton, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Girish Rajendraprasad
- Cell Division and Cytoskeleton, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marcin Leda
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, University of Edinburgh, EdinburghEH9 3BF, United Kingdom
| | - Susana Eibes
- Cell Division and Cytoskeleton, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elisa Vitiello
- Cell Division and Cytoskeleton, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vasileios Katopodis
- Cell Division and Cytoskeleton, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrew B. Goryachev
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, University of Edinburgh, EdinburghEH9 3BF, United Kingdom
| | - Marin Barisic
- Cell Division and Cytoskeleton, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200Copenhagen, Denmark
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Cruz-Soca M, Faundez-Contreras J, Córdova-Casanova A, Gallardo FS, Bock-Pereda A, Chun J, Casar JC, Brandan E. Activation of skeletal muscle FAPs by LPA requires the Hippo signaling via the FAK pathway. Matrix Biol 2023; 119:57-81. [PMID: 37137584 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a lysophospholipid that signals through six G-protein coupled receptors (LPARs), LPA1 to LPA6. LPA has been described as a potent modulator of fibrosis in different pathologies. In skeletal muscle, LPA increases fibrosis-related proteins and the number of fibro/adipogenic progenitors (FAPs). FAPs are the primary source of ECM-secreting myofibroblasts in acute and chronic damage. However, the effect of LPA on FAPs activation in vitro has not been explored. This study aimed to investigate FAPs' response to LPA and the downstream signaling mediators involved. Here, we demonstrated that LPA mediates FAPs activation by increasing their proliferation, expression of myofibroblasts markers, and upregulation of fibrosis-related proteins. Pretreatment with the LPA1/LPA3 antagonist Ki16425 or genetic deletion of LPA1 attenuated the LPA-induced FAPs activation, resulting in decreased expression of cyclin e1, α-SMA, and fibronectin. We also evaluated the activation of the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in response to LPA. Our results showed that LPA induces FAK phosphorylation in FAPs. Treatment with the P-FAK inhibitor PF-228 partially prevented the induction of cell responses involved in FAPs activation, suggesting that this pathway mediates LPA signaling. FAK activation controls downstream cell signaling within the cytoplasm, such as the Hippo pathway. LPA induced the dephosphorylation of the transcriptional coactivator YAP (Yes-associated protein) and promoted direct expression of target pathway genes such as Ctgf/Ccn2 and Ccn1. The blockage of YAP transcriptional activity with Super-TDU further confirmed the role of YAP in LPA-induced FAPs activation. Finally, we demonstrated that FAK is required for LPA-dependent YAP dephosphorylation and the induction of Hippo pathway target genes. In conclusion, LPA signals through LPA1 to regulate FAPs activation by activating FAK to control the Hippo pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilyn Cruz-Soca
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330025, Chile; Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jennifer Faundez-Contreras
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330025, Chile; Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Adriana Córdova-Casanova
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330025, Chile; Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe S Gallardo
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330025, Chile; Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexia Bock-Pereda
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330025, Chile; Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jerold Chun
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Juan Carlos Casar
- Departamento de Neurología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Enrique Brandan
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330025, Chile; Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile; Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.
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57
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Esser L, Springer R, Dreissen G, Lövenich L, Konrad J, Hampe N, Merkel R, Hoffmann B, Noetzel E. Elastomeric Pillar Cages Modulate Actomyosin Contractility of Epithelial Microtissues by Substrate Stiffness and Topography. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091256. [PMID: 37174659 PMCID: PMC10177551 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell contractility regulates epithelial tissue geometry development and homeostasis. The underlying mechanobiological regulation circuits are poorly understood and experimentally challenging. We developed an elastomeric pillar cage (EPC) array to quantify cell contractility as a mechanoresponse of epithelial microtissues to substrate stiffness and topography. The spatially confined EPC geometry consisted of 24 circularly arranged slender pillars (1.2 MPa, height: 50 µm; diameter: 10 µm, distance: 5 µm). These high-aspect-ratio pillars were confined at both ends by planar substrates with different stiffness (0.15-1.2 MPa). Analytical modeling and finite elements simulation retrieved cell forces from pillar displacements. For evaluation, highly contractile myofibroblasts and cardiomyocytes were assessed to demonstrate that the EPC device can resolve static and dynamic cellular force modes. Human breast (MCF10A) and skin (HaCaT) cells grew as adherence junction-stabilized 3D microtissues within the EPC geometry. Planar substrate areas triggered the spread of monolayered clusters with substrate stiffness-dependent actin stress fiber (SF)-formation and substantial single-cell actomyosin contractility (150-200 nN). Within the same continuous microtissues, the pillar-ring topography induced the growth of bilayered cell tubes. The low effective pillar stiffness overwrote cellular sensing of the high substrate stiffness and induced SF-lacking roundish cell shapes with extremely low cortical actin tension (11-15 nN). This work introduced a versatile biophysical tool to explore mechanobiological regulation circuits driving low- and high-tensional states during microtissue development and homeostasis. EPC arrays facilitate simultaneously analyzing the impact of planar substrate stiffness and topography on microtissue contractility, hence microtissue geometry and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisann Esser
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 2 (IBI-2): Mechanobiology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Ronald Springer
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 2 (IBI-2): Mechanobiology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Georg Dreissen
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 2 (IBI-2): Mechanobiology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Lukas Lövenich
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 2 (IBI-2): Mechanobiology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Jens Konrad
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 2 (IBI-2): Mechanobiology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Nico Hampe
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 2 (IBI-2): Mechanobiology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Rudolf Merkel
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 2 (IBI-2): Mechanobiology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Bernd Hoffmann
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 2 (IBI-2): Mechanobiology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Erik Noetzel
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 2 (IBI-2): Mechanobiology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
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Zhao YQ, Deng XW, Xu GQ, Lin J, Lu HZ, Chen J. Mechanical homeostasis imbalance in hepatic stellate cells activation and hepatic fibrosis. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1183808. [PMID: 37152902 PMCID: PMC10157180 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1183808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease or repeated damage to hepatocytes can give rise to hepatic fibrosis. Hepatic fibrosis (HF) is a pathological process of excessive sedimentation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins such as collagens, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans (PGs) in the hepatic parenchyma. Changes in the composition of the ECM lead to the stiffness of the matrix that destroys its inherent mechanical homeostasis, and a mechanical homeostasis imbalance activates hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) into myofibroblasts, which can overproliferate and secrete large amounts of ECM proteins. Excessive ECM proteins are gradually deposited in the Disse gap, and matrix regeneration fails, which further leads to changes in ECM components and an increase in stiffness, forming a vicious cycle. These processes promote the occurrence and development of hepatic fibrosis. In this review, the dynamic process of ECM remodeling of HF and the activation of HSCs into mechanotransduction signaling pathways for myofibroblasts to participate in HF are discussed. These mechanotransduction signaling pathways may have potential therapeutic targets for repairing or reversing fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Quan Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Xi-Wen Deng
- Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Guo-Qi Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Hua-Ze Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
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Rosa C, Malin J, Hatini V. Medioapical contractile pulses coordinated between cells regulate Drosophila eye morphogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.17.529936. [PMID: 36993651 PMCID: PMC10055172 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.17.529936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Lattice cells (LCs) in the developing Drosophila retina constantly move and change shape before attaining final forms. Previously we showed that repeated contraction and expansion of apical cell contacts affect these dynamics. Here we describe a second contributing factor, the assembly of a medioapical actomyosin ring composed of nodes linked by filaments that attract each other, fuse, and contract the LCs' apical area. This medioapical actomyosin network is dependent on Rho1 and its known effectors. Apical cell area contraction alternates with relaxation, generating pulsatile changes in apical cell area. Strikingly, cycles of contraction and relaxation of cell area are reciprocally synchronized between adjacent LCs. Further, in a genetic screen, we identified RhoGEF2 as an activator of these Rho1 functions and RhoGAP71E/C-GAP as an inhibitor. Thus, Rho1 signaling regulates pulsatile medioapical actomyosin contraction exerting force on neighboring cells, coordinating cell behavior across the epithelium. This ultimately serves to control cell shape and maintain tissue integrity during epithelial morphogenesis of the retina.
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60
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Davis MJ, Earley S, Li YS, Chien S. Vascular mechanotransduction. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1247-1421. [PMID: 36603156 PMCID: PMC9942936 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00053.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to survey the current state of mechanotransduction in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), including their sensing of mechanical stimuli and transduction of mechanical signals that result in the acute functional modulation and longer-term transcriptomic and epigenetic regulation of blood vessels. The mechanosensors discussed include ion channels, plasma membrane-associated structures and receptors, and junction proteins. The mechanosignaling pathways presented include the cytoskeleton, integrins, extracellular matrix, and intracellular signaling molecules. These are followed by discussions on mechanical regulation of transcriptome and epigenetics, relevance of mechanotransduction to health and disease, and interactions between VSMCs and ECs. Throughout this review, we offer suggestions for specific topics that require further understanding. In the closing section on conclusions and perspectives, we summarize what is known and point out the need to treat the vasculature as a system, including not only VSMCs and ECs but also the extracellular matrix and other types of cells such as resident macrophages and pericytes, so that we can fully understand the physiology and pathophysiology of the blood vessel as a whole, thus enhancing the comprehension, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Scott Earley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Yi-Shuan Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Shu Chien
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
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61
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Miyauchi M, Matsumura R, Kawahara H. BAG6 supports stress fiber formation by preventing the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of RhoA. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar34. [PMID: 36884293 PMCID: PMC10092643 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-08-0355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Rho family of small GTPases is a key regulator of cytoskeletal actin polymerization. Although the ubiquitination of Rho proteins is reported to control their activity, the mechanisms by which the ubiquitination of Rho family proteins is controlled by ubiquitin ligases have yet to be elucidated. In this study, we identified BAG6 as the first factor needed to prevent the ubiquitination of RhoA, a critical Rho family protein in F-actin polymerization. We found that BAG6 is necessary for stress fiber formation by stabilizing endogenous RhoA. BAG6 deficiency enhanced the association between RhoA and Cullin-3-based ubiquitin ligases, thus promoting its polyubiquitination and subsequent degradation, leading to the abrogation of actin polymerization. In contrast, the restoration of RhoA expression through transient overexpression rescued the stress fiber formation defects induced by BAG6 depletion. BAG6 was also necessary for the appropriate assembly of focal adhesions as well as cell migration events. These findings reveal a novel role for BAG6 in maintaining the integrity of actin fiber polymerization and establish BAG6 as a RhoA-stabilizing holdase, which binds to and supports the function of RhoA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maho Miyauchi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Reina Matsumura
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawahara
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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Xie X, Huang C, Huang Y, Zou X, Zhou R, Ai H, Huang L, Ma J. Genetic architecture for skeletal muscle glycolytic potential in Chinese Erhualian pigs revealed by a genome-wide association study using 1.4M SNP array. Front Genet 2023; 14:1141411. [PMID: 37007966 PMCID: PMC10064215 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1141411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Muscle glycolytic potential (GP) is a key factor affecting multiple meat quality traits. It is calculated based on the contents of residual glycogen and glucose (RG), glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), and lactate (LAT) contents in muscle. However, the genetic mechanism of glycolytic metabolism in skeletal muscle of pigs remains poorly understood. With a history of more than 400 years and some unique characteristics, the Erhualian pig is called the “giant panda” (very precious) in the world’s pig species by Chinese animal husbandry.Methods: Here, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using 1.4M single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) chips for longissimus RG, G6P, LAT, and GP levels in 301 purebred Erhualian pigs.Results: We found that the average GP value of Erhualian was unusually low (68.09 μmol/g), but the variation was large (10.4–112.7 μmol/g). The SNP-based heritability estimates for the four traits ranged from 0.16–0.32. In total, our GWAS revealed 31 quantitative trait loci (QTLs), including eight for RG, nine for G6P, nine for LAT, five for GP. Of these loci, eight were genome-wide significant (p < 3.8 × 10−7), and six loci were common to two or three traits. Multiple promising candidate genes such as FTO, MINPP1, RIPOR2, SCL8A3, LIFR and SRGAP1 were identified. The genotype combinations of the five GP-associated SNPs also showed significant effect on other meat quality traits.Discussion: These results not only provide insights into the genetic architecture of GP related traits in Erhualian, but also are useful for pig breeding programs involving this breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinke Xie
- National Key Laboratory for Swine Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Cong Huang
- National Key Laboratory for Swine Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yizhong Huang
- National Key Laboratory for Swine Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zou
- National Key Laboratory for Swine Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Runxin Zhou
- National Key Laboratory for Swine Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huashui Ai
- National Key Laboratory for Swine Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lusheng Huang
- National Key Laboratory for Swine Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Correspondence: Lusheng Huang, ; Junwu Ma,
| | - Junwu Ma
- National Key Laboratory for Swine Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Correspondence: Lusheng Huang, ; Junwu Ma,
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Sun Z, Li Y, Tan X, Liu W, He X, Pan D, Li E, Xu L, Long L. Friend or Foe: Regulation, Downstream Effectors of RRAD in Cancer. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030477. [PMID: 36979412 PMCID: PMC10046484 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ras-related associated with diabetes (RRAD), a member of the Ras-related GTPase superfamily, is primarily a cytosolic protein that actives in the plasma membrane. RRAD is highly expressed in type 2 diabetes patients and as a biomarker of congestive heart failure. Mounting evidence showed that RRAD is important for the progression and metastasis of tumor cells, which play opposite roles as an oncogene or tumor suppressor gene depending on cancer and cell type. These findings are of great significance, especially given that relevant molecular mechanisms are being discovered. Being regulated in various pathways, RRAD plays wide spectrum cellular activity including tumor cell division, motility, apoptosis, and energy metabolism by modulating tumor-related gene expression and interacting with multiple downstream effectors. Additionally, RRAD in senescence may contribute to its role in cancer. Despite the twofold characters of RRAD, targeted therapies are becoming a potential therapeutic strategy to combat cancers. This review will discuss the dual identity of RRAD in specific cancer type, provides an overview of the regulation and downstream effectors of RRAD to offer valuable insights for readers, explore the intracellular role of RRAD in cancer, and give a reference for future mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangyue Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Cancer Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yongkang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Cancer Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Xiaolu Tan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Cancer Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Wanyi Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Cancer Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Xinglin He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Cancer Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Deyuan Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Cancer Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Enmin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Cancer Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Liyan Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Cancer Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Lin Long
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Cancer Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-754-88900460; Fax: +86-754-88900847
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Rosenberg EM, Jian X, Soubias O, Yoon HY, Yadav MP, Hammoudeh S, Pallikkuth S, Akpan I, Chen PW, Maity TK, Jenkins LM, Yohe ME, Byrd RA, Randazzo PA. The small molecule inhibitor NAV-2729 has a complex target profile including multiple ADP-ribosylation factor regulatory proteins. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102992. [PMID: 36758799 PMCID: PMC10023970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf) GTPases and their regulatory proteins are implicated in cancer progression. NAV-2729 was previously identified as a specific inhibitor of Arf6 that reduced progression of uveal melanoma in an orthotopic xenograft. Here, our goal was to assess the inhibitory effects of NAV-2729 on the proliferation of additional cell types. We found NAV-2729 inhibited proliferation of multiple cell lines, but Arf6 expression did not correlate with NAV-2729 sensitivity, and knockdown of Arf6 affected neither cell viability nor sensitivity to NAV-2729. Furthermore, binding to native Arf6 was not detected; however, we determined that NAV-2729 inhibited both Arf exchange factors and Arf GTPase-activating proteins. ASAP1, a GTPase-activating protein linked to cancer progression, was further investigated. We demonstrated that NAV-2729 bound to the PH domain of ASAP1 and changed ASAP1 cellular distribution. However, ASAP1 knockdown did not fully recapitulate the cytoskeletal effects of NAV-2729 nor affect cell proliferation. Finally, our screens identified 48 other possible targets of NAV-2729. These results illustrate the complexities of defining targets of small molecules and identify NAV-2729 as a model PH domain-binding inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Rosenberg
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaoying Jian
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Olivier Soubias
- Center for Structural Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Hye-Young Yoon
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mukesh P Yadav
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah Hammoudeh
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sandeep Pallikkuth
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Itoro Akpan
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Pei-Wen Chen
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tapan K Maity
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lisa M Jenkins
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Marielle E Yohe
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - R Andrew Byrd
- Center for Structural Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul A Randazzo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Li J, Dai F, Kou X, Wu B, Xu J, He S. β-Actin: An Emerging Biomarker in Ischemic Stroke. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:683-696. [PMID: 35556192 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01225-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
At present, the diagnosis of ischemic stroke mainly depends on neuroimaging technology, but it still has many limitations. Therefore, it is very important to find new biomarkers of ischemic stroke. Recently, β-actin has attracted extensive attention as a biomarker of a variety of cancers. Although several recent studies have been investigating its role in ischemic stroke and other cerebrovascular diseases, the understanding of this emerging biomarker in neurology is still limited. We examined human and preclinical studies to gain a comprehensive understanding of the literature on the subject. Most relevant literatures focus on preclinical research, and pay more attention to the role of β-actin in the process of cerebral ischemia, but some recent literatures reported that in human studies, serum β-actin increased significantly in the early stage of acute cerebral ischemia. This review will investigate the basic biology of β-actin, pay attention to the potential role of serum β-actin as an early diagnostic blood biomarker of ischemic stroke, and explore its potential mechanism in ischemic stroke and new strategies for stroke treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqian Li
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Zhoushan Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fangyu Dai
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Zhoushan Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xuelian Kou
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Zhoushan Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Zhoushan Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Zhoushan Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Songbin He
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Zhoushan Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Naish E, Wood AJT, Stewart AP, Routledge M, Morris AC, Chilvers ER, Lodge KM. The formation and function of the neutrophil phagosome. Immunol Rev 2023; 314:158-180. [PMID: 36440666 PMCID: PMC10952784 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant circulating leukocyte and are crucial to the initial innate immune response to infection. One of their key pathogen-eliminating mechanisms is phagocytosis, the process of particle engulfment into a vacuole-like structure called the phagosome. The antimicrobial activity of the phagocytic process results from a collaboration of multiple systems and mechanisms within this organelle, where a complex interplay of ion fluxes, pH, reactive oxygen species, and antimicrobial proteins creates a dynamic antimicrobial environment. This complexity, combined with the difficulties of studying neutrophils ex vivo, has led to gaps in our knowledge of how the neutrophil phagosome optimizes pathogen killing. In particular, controversy has arisen regarding the relative contribution and integration of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase-derived antimicrobial agents and granule-delivered antimicrobial proteins. Clinical syndromes arising from dysfunction in these systems in humans allow useful insight into these mechanisms, but their redundancy and synergy add to the complexity. In this article, we review the current knowledge regarding the formation and function of the neutrophil phagosome, examine new insights into the phagosomal environment that have been permitted by technological advances in recent years, and discuss aspects of the phagocytic process that are still under debate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Naish
- National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Alexander JT Wood
- Medical SchoolUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia
- Department of Critical CareUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | | | - Matthew Routledge
- Department of MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Division of Immunology, Department of PathologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Andrew Conway Morris
- Department of MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Division of Immunology, Department of PathologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Edwin R Chilvers
- National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
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67
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Gelsolin and Rac1 Cytoskeleton Protein Microarray Biomarkers in Colon Cancer Metastasis. Indian J Surg 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12262-023-03703-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
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GEF-H1 Transduces FcεRI Signaling in Mast Cells to Activate RhoA and Focal Adhesion Formation during Exocytosis. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040537. [PMID: 36831204 PMCID: PMC9954420 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
When antigen-stimulated, mast cells release preformed inflammatory mediators stored in cytoplasmic granules. This occurs via a robust exocytosis mechanism termed degranulation. Our previous studies revealed that RhoA and Rac1 are activated during mast cell antigen stimulation and are required for mediator release. Here, we show that the RhoGEF, GEF-H1, acts as a signal transducer of antigen stimulation to activate RhoA and promote mast cell spreading via focal adhesion (FA) formation. Cell spreading, granule movement, and exocytosis were all reduced in antigen-stimulated mast cells when GEF-H1 was depleted by RNA interference. GEF-H1-depleted cells also showed a significant reduction in RhoA activation, resulting in reduced stress fiber formation without altering lamellipodia formation. Ectopic expression of a constitutively active RhoA mutant restored normal morphology in GEF-H1-depleted cells. FA formation during antigen stimulation required GEF-H1, suggesting it is a downstream target of the GEF-H1-RhoA signaling axis. GEF-H1 was activated by phosphorylation in conjunction with antigen stimulation. Syk kinase is linked to the FcεRI signaling pathway and the Syk inhibitor, GS-9973, blocked GEF-H1 activation and also suppressed cell spreading, granule movement, and exocytosis. We concluded that during FcεRI receptor stimulation, GEF-H1 transmits signals to RhoA activation and FA formation to facilitate the exocytosis mechanism.
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Castillo-Azofeifa D, Wald T, Reyes EA, Gallagher A, Schanin J, Vlachos S, Lamarche-Vane N, Bomidi C, Blutt S, Estes MK, Nystul T, Klein OD. A DLG1-ARHGAP31-CDC42 axis is essential for the intestinal stem cell response to fluctuating niche Wnt signaling. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:188-206.e6. [PMID: 36640764 PMCID: PMC9922544 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A central factor in the maintenance of tissue integrity is the response of stem cells to variations in the levels of niche signals. In the gut, intestinal stem cells (ISCs) depend on Wnt ligands for self-renewal and proliferation. Transient increases in Wnt signaling promote regeneration after injury or in inflammatory bowel diseases, whereas constitutive activation of this pathway leads to colorectal cancer. Here, we report that Discs large 1 (Dlg1), although dispensable for polarity and cellular turnover during intestinal homeostasis, is required for ISC survival in the context of increased Wnt signaling. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and genetic mouse models demonstrated that DLG1 regulates the cellular response to increased canonical Wnt ligands. This occurs via the transcriptional regulation of Arhgap31, a GTPase-activating protein that deactivates CDC42, an effector of the non-canonical Wnt pathway. These findings reveal a DLG1-ARHGAP31-CDC42 axis that is essential for the ISC response to increased niche Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Castillo-Azofeifa
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Regenerative Medicine, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tomas Wald
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Efren A Reyes
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and TETRAD Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aaron Gallagher
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julia Schanin
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie Vlachos
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nathalie Lamarche-Vane
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Carolyn Bomidi
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sarah Blutt
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mary K Estes
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Todd Nystul
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Actin crosslinking by α-actinin averts viscous dissipation of myosin force transmission in stress fibers. iScience 2023; 26:106090. [PMID: 36852278 PMCID: PMC9958379 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Contractile force generated in actomyosin stress fibers (SFs) is transmitted along SFs to the extracellular matrix (ECM), which contributes to cell migration and sensing of ECM rigidity. In this study, we show that efficient force transmission along SFs relies on actin crosslinking by α-actinin. Upon reduction of α-actinin-mediated crosslinks, the myosin II activity induced flows of actin filaments and myosin II along SFs, leading to a decrease in traction force exertion to ECM. The fluidized SFs maintained their cable integrity probably through enhanced actin polymerization throughout SFs. A computational modeling analysis suggested that lowering the density of actin crosslinks caused viscous slippage of actin filaments in SFs and, thereby, dissipated myosin-generated force transmitting along SFs. As a cellular scale outcome, α-actinin depletion attenuated the ECM-rigidity-dependent difference in cell migration speed, which suggested that α-actinin-modulated SF mechanics is involved in the cellular response to ECM rigidity.
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71
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Role of a small GTPase Cdc42 in aging and age-related diseases. Biogerontology 2023; 24:27-46. [PMID: 36598630 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-022-10008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A small GTPase, Cdc42 is evolutionarily one of the most ancient members of the Rho family, which is ubiquitously expressed and involved in a wide range of fundamental cellular functions. The crucial role of Cdc42 includes regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, cell polarity, morphology and migration, endocytosis and exocytosis, cell cycle, and proliferation in many different cell types. Many studies have provided compelling yet contradicting evidence that Cdc42 dysregulation plays an important role in cellular and tissue aging. Furthermore, Cdc42 is a critical factor in the development and progression of aging-related pathologies, such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular disorders, diabetes type 2, and aging-related disorders of the joints and bones, and the inhibition of the Cdc42 demonstrates potentially significant therapeutic and anti-aging effects in animal models of aging and disease. However, regulation of Cdc42 expression and activity is very complex and depends on many factors, such as the origin and complexity of the tissues, hormonal status, etc. Therefore, this review is focused on current advances in understanding the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with Cdc42 activity and regulation of senescence in different cell types since they may provide a foundation for novel therapeutic strategies and targeted drugs to reverse the aging process and treat aging-associated disorders.
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Schepis A, Kumar S, Kappe SHI. Malaria parasites harness Rho GTPase signaling and host cell membrane ruffling for productive invasion of hepatocytes. Cell Rep 2023; 42:111927. [PMID: 36640315 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium sporozoites are the motile forms of the malaria parasites that infect hepatocytes. The initial invasion of hepatocytes is thought to be actively driven by sporozoites, but host cell processes might also play a role. Sporozoite invasion triggers a host plasma membrane invagination that forms a vacuole around the intracellular parasite, which is critical for subsequent intracellular parasite replication. Using fast live confocal microscopy, we observed that the initial interactions between sporozoites and hepatocytes induce plasma membrane ruffles and filopodia extensions. Importantly, we find that these host cell processes facilitate invasion and that Rho GTPase signaling, which regulates membrane ruffling and filopodia extension, is critical for productive infection. Interestingly, sporozoite cell traversal stimulates these processes, suggesting that it increases hepatocyte susceptibility to productive infection. Our study identifies host cell signaling events involved in plasma membrane dynamics as a critical host component of successful malaria parasite infection of hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Schepis
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 307 Westlake Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 307 Westlake Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Stefan H I Kappe
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 307 Westlake Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
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73
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Lei F, Xu X, Huang J, Su D, Wan P. Drosophila RhoGAP18B regulates actin cytoskeleton during border cell migration. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280652. [PMID: 36662713 PMCID: PMC9858088 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Drosophila RhoGAP18B was identified as a negative regulator of small GTPase in the behavioral response to ethanol. However, the effect of RhoGAP18B on cell migration is unknown. Here, we report that RhoGAP18B regulates the migration of border cells in Drosophila ovary. The RhoGAP18B gene produces four transcripts and encodes three translation isoforms. We use different RNAi lines to knockdown each RhoGAP18B isoform, and find that knockdown of RhoGAP18B-PA, but not PC or PD isoform, blocks border cell migration. Knockdown of RhoGAP18B-PA disrupts the asymmetric distribution of F-actin in border cell cluster and increases F-actin level. Furthermore, RhoGAP18B-PA may act on Rac to regulate F-actin organization. Our data indicate that RhoGAP18B shows isoform-specific regulation of border cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyun Lei
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Dan Su
- Key Laboratory of Animal Model of TCM Syndromes of Depression, Jiangxi Administration of traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Ping Wan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
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Putra VDL, Kilian KA, Knothe Tate ML. Biomechanical, biophysical and biochemical modulators of cytoskeletal remodelling and emergent stem cell lineage commitment. Commun Biol 2023; 6:75. [PMID: 36658332 PMCID: PMC9852586 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04320-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Across complex, multi-time and -length scale biological systems, redundancy confers robustness and resilience, enabling adaptation and increasing survival under dynamic environmental conditions; this review addresses ubiquitous effects of cytoskeletal remodelling, triggered by biomechanical, biophysical and biochemical cues, on stem cell mechanoadaptation and emergent lineage commitment. The cytoskeleton provides an adaptive structural scaffold to the cell, regulating the emergence of stem cell structure-function relationships during tissue neogenesis, both in prenatal development as well as postnatal healing. Identification and mapping of the mechanical cues conducive to cytoskeletal remodelling and cell adaptation may help to establish environmental contexts that can be used prospectively as translational design specifications to target tissue neogenesis for regenerative medicine. In this review, we summarize findings on cytoskeletal remodelling in the context of tissue neogenesis during early development and postnatal healing, and its relevance in guiding lineage commitment for targeted tissue regeneration. We highlight how cytoskeleton-targeting chemical agents modulate stem cell differentiation and govern responses to mechanical cues in stem cells' emerging form and function. We further review methods for spatiotemporal visualization and measurement of cytoskeletal remodelling, as well as its effects on the mechanical properties of cells, as a function of adaptation. Research in these areas may facilitate translation of stem cells' own healing potential and improve the design of materials, therapies, and devices for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vina D L Putra
- School of Chemistry and School of Materials Science & Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristopher A Kilian
- School of Chemistry and School of Materials Science & Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Melissa L Knothe Tate
- Blue Mountains World Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute (bmwi³), Blue Mountains, NSW, Australia.
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75
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Aguilar VM, Paul A, Lazarko D, Levitan I. Paradigms of endothelial stiffening in cardiovascular disease and vascular aging. Front Physiol 2023; 13:1081119. [PMID: 36714307 PMCID: PMC9874005 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1081119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells, the inner lining of the blood vessels, are well-known to play a critical role in vascular function, while endothelial dysfunction due to different cardiovascular risk factors or accumulation of disruptive mechanisms that arise with aging lead to cardiovascular disease. In this review, we focus on endothelial stiffness, a fundamental biomechanical property that reflects cell resistance to deformation. In the first part of the review, we describe the mechanisms that determine endothelial stiffness, including RhoA-dependent contractile response, actin architecture and crosslinking, as well as the contributions of the intermediate filaments, vimentin and lamin. Then, we review the factors that induce endothelial stiffening, with the emphasis on mechanical signals, such as fluid shear stress, stretch and stiffness of the extracellular matrix, which are well-known to control endothelial biomechanics. We also describe in detail the contribution of lipid factors, particularly oxidized lipids, that were also shown to be crucial in regulation of endothelial stiffness. Furthermore, we discuss the relative contributions of these two mechanisms of endothelial stiffening in vasculature in cardiovascular disease and aging. Finally, we present the current state of knowledge about the role of endothelial stiffening in the disruption of endothelial cell-cell junctions that are responsible for the maintenance of the endothelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M. Aguilar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States,Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Amit Paul
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Dana Lazarko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Irena Levitan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States,Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States,*Correspondence: Irena Levitan,
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76
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Ma Q, Miri Z, Haugen HJ, Moghanian A, Loca D. Significance of mechanical loading in bone fracture healing, bone regeneration, and vascularization. J Tissue Eng 2023; 14:20417314231172573. [PMID: 37251734 PMCID: PMC10214107 DOI: 10.1177/20417314231172573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1892, J.L. Wolff proposed that bone could respond to mechanical and biophysical stimuli as a dynamic organ. This theory presents a unique opportunity for investigations on bone and its potential to aid in tissue repair. Routine activities such as exercise or machinery application can exert mechanical loads on bone. Previous research has demonstrated that mechanical loading can affect the differentiation and development of mesenchymal tissue. However, the extent to which mechanical stimulation can help repair or generate bone tissue and the related mechanisms remain unclear. Four key cell types in bone tissue, including osteoblasts, osteoclasts, bone lining cells, and osteocytes, play critical roles in responding to mechanical stimuli, while other cell lineages such as myocytes, platelets, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and chondrocytes also exhibit mechanosensitivity. Mechanical loading can regulate the biological functions of bone tissue through the mechanosensor of bone cells intraosseously, making it a potential target for fracture healing and bone regeneration. This review aims to clarify these issues and explain bone remodeling, structure dynamics, and mechano-transduction processes in response to mechanical loading. Loading of different magnitudes, frequencies, and types, such as dynamic versus static loads, are analyzed to determine the effects of mechanical stimulation on bone tissue structure and cellular function. Finally, the importance of vascularization in nutrient supply for bone healing and regeneration was further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianli Ma
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute
of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, School of
Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - Zahra Miri
- Department of Materials Engineering,
Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Håvard Jostein Haugen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute
of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Amirhossein Moghanian
- Department of Materials Engineering,
Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Dagnjia Loca
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials
Innovations and Development Centre, Institute of General Chemical Engineering,
Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga,
Latvia
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of
Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
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77
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Oike A, Iwata S, Hirayama A, Ono Y, Nagasato Y, Kawabata Y, Takai S, Sanematsu K, Wada N, Shigemura N. Bisphosphonate affects the behavioral responses to HCl by disrupting farnesyl diphosphate synthase in mouse taste bud and tongue epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21246. [PMID: 36481783 PMCID: PMC9732047 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25755-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying drug-induced taste disorders, which can cause malnutrition and reduce quality of life. One of taste disorders is known adverse effects of bisphosphonates, which are administered as anti-osteoporotic drugs. Therefore, the present study evaluated the effects of risedronate (a bisphosphonate) on taste bud cells. Expression analyses revealed that farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDPS, a key enzyme in the mevalonate pathway) was present in a subset of mouse taste bud and tongue epithelial cells, especially type III sour-sensitive taste cells. Other mevalonate pathway-associated molecules were also detected in mouse taste buds. Behavioral analyses revealed that mice administered risedronate exhibited a significantly enhanced aversion to HCl but not for other basic taste solutions, whereas the taste nerve responses were not affected by risedronate. Additionally, the taste buds of mice administered risedronate exhibited significantly lower mRNA expression of desmoglein-2, an integral component of desmosomes. Taken together, these findings suggest that risedronate may interact directly with FDPS to inhibit the mevalonate pathway in taste bud and tongue epithelial cells, thereby affecting the expression of desmoglein-2 related with epithelial barrier function, which may lead to alterations in behavioral responses to HCl via somatosensory nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asami Oike
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Section of Oral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan ,grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Section of Interdisciplinary Dentistry, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shusuke Iwata
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Section of Oral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan ,grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Research and Development Center for Five-Sense Devices, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ayaka Hirayama
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Section of Oral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yurika Ono
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Section of Oral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Nagasato
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Section of Oral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuko Kawabata
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Department of Cell Biology, Aging Science, and Pharmacology, Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shingo Takai
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Section of Oral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sanematsu
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Section of Oral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan ,grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Research and Development Center for Five-Sense Devices, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan ,grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Oral Health/Brain Health/Total Health Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naohisa Wada
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Section of Interdisciplinary Dentistry, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Noriatsu Shigemura
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Section of Oral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan ,grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Research and Development Center for Five-Sense Devices, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Chen S, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Choi T, Zhao Y. Activation Mechanism of RhoA Caused by Constitutively Activating Mutations G14V and Q63L. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415458. [PMID: 36555100 PMCID: PMC9778661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RhoA, a member of Rho GTPases, regulates myriad cellular processes. Abnormal expression of RhoA has been implicated in various diseases, including cancers, developmental disorders and bacterial infections. RhoA mutations G14V and Q63L have been reported to constitutively activate RhoA. To figure out the mechanisms, in total, 1.8 μs molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed here on RhoAWT and mutants G14V and Q63L in GTP-bound forms, followed by dynamic analysis. Both mutations were found to affect the conformational dynamics of RhoA switch regions, especially switch I, shifting the whole ensemble from the wild type's open inactive state to different active-like states, where T37 and Mg2+ played important roles. In RhoAG14V, both switches underwent thorough state transition, whereas in RhoAQ63L, only switch I was sustained in a much more closed conformation with additional hydrophobic interactions introduced by L63. Moreover, significantly decreased solvent exposure of the GTP-binding site was observed in both mutants with the surrounding hydrophobic regions expanded, which furnished access to water molecules required for hydrolysis more difficult and thereby impaired GTP hydrolysis. These structural and dynamic differences first suggested the potential activation mechanism of RhoAG14V and RhoAQ63L. Together, our findings complemented the understanding of RhoA activation at the atomic level and can be utilized in the development of novel therapies for RhoA-related diseases.
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79
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The Forces behind Directed Cell Migration. BIOPHYSICA 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/biophysica2040046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Directed cell migration is an essential building block of life, present when an embryo develops, a dendritic cell migrates toward a lymphatic vessel, or a fibrotic organ fails to restore its normal parenchyma. Directed cell migration is often guided by spatial gradients in a physicochemical property of the cell microenvironment, such as a gradient in chemical factors dissolved in the medium or a gradient in the mechanical properties of the substrate. Single cells and tissues sense these gradients, establish a back-to-front polarity, and coordinate the migration machinery accordingly. Central to these steps we find physical forces. In some cases, these forces are integrated into the gradient sensing mechanism. Other times, they transmit information through cells and tissues to coordinate a collective response. At any time, they participate in the cellular migratory system. In this review, we explore the role of physical forces in gradient sensing, polarization, and coordinating movement from single cells to multicellular collectives. We use the framework proposed by the molecular clutch model and explore to what extent asymmetries in the different elements of the clutch can lead to directional migration.
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80
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Carigga Gutierrez NM, Pujol-Solé N, Arifi Q, Coll JL, le Clainche T, Broekgaarden M. Increasing cancer permeability by photodynamic priming: from microenvironment to mechanotransduction signaling. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:899-934. [PMID: 36155874 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10064-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The dense cancer microenvironment is a significant barrier that limits the penetration of anticancer agents, thereby restraining the efficacy of molecular and nanoscale cancer therapeutics. Developing new strategies to enhance the permeability of cancer tissues is of major interest to overcome treatment resistance. Nonetheless, early strategies based on small molecule inhibitors or matrix-degrading enzymes have led to disappointing clinical outcomes by causing increased chemotherapy toxicity and promoting disease progression. In recent years, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a novel approach to increase the permeability of cancer tissues. By producing excessive amounts of reactive oxygen species selectively in the cancer microenvironment, PDT increases the accumulation, penetration depth, and efficacy of chemotherapeutics. Importantly, the increased cancer permeability has not been associated to increased metastasis formation. In this review, we provide novel insights into the mechanisms by which this effect, called photodynamic priming, can increase cancer permeability without promoting cell migration and dissemination. This review demonstrates that PDT oxidizes and degrades extracellular matrix proteins, reduces the capacity of cancer cells to adhere to the altered matrix, and interferes with mechanotransduction pathways that promote cancer cell migration and differentiation. Significant knowledge gaps are identified regarding the involvement of critical signaling pathways, and to which extent these events are influenced by the complicated PDT dosimetry. Addressing these knowledge gaps will be vital to further develop PDT as an adjuvant approach to improve cancer permeability, demonstrate the safety and efficacy of this priming approach, and render more cancer patients eligible to receive life-extending treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Núria Pujol-Solé
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Qendresa Arifi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Luc Coll
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Tristan le Clainche
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Mans Broekgaarden
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France.
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81
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Shin Y, Jung W, Kim MY, Shin D, Kim GH, Kim CH, Park SH, Cho EH, Choi DW, Han CJ, Lee KH, Kim SB, Shin HJ. NPFFR2 Contributes to the Malignancy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development by Activating RhoA/YAP Signaling. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235850. [PMID: 36497331 PMCID: PMC9737590 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a diverse family of cell surface receptors implicated in various physiological functions, making them common targets for approved drugs. Many GPCRs are abnormally activated in cancers and have emerged as therapeutic targets for cancer. Neuropeptide FF receptor 2 (NPFFR2) is a GPCR that helps regulate pain and modulates the opioid system; however, its function remains unknown in cancers. Here, we found that NPFFR2 is significantly up-regulated in liver cancer and its expression is related to poor prognosis. Silencing of NPFFR2 reduced the malignancy of liver cancer cells by decreasing cell survival, invasion, and migration, while its overexpression increased invasion, migration, and anchorage-independent cell growth. Moreover, we found that the malignant function of NPFFR2 depends on RhoA and YAP signaling. Inhibition of Rho kinase activity completely restored the phenotypes induced by NPFFR2, and RhoA/F-Actin/YAP signaling was controlled by NPFFR2. These findings demonstrate that NPFFR2 may be a potential target for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Shin
- Team of Radiation Convergence Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
- Radiological and Medico-Oncological Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhee Jung
- Team of Radiation Convergence Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Yeon Kim
- Team of Radiation Convergence Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjo Shin
- Radiological and Medico-Oncological Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Division of Radiation Biomedical, Research Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 1812, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Hee Kim
- Team of Radiation Convergence Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
- Radiological and Medico-Oncological Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Ho Kim
- Team of Radiation Convergence Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hoo Park
- Department of Pathology, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung-Ho Cho
- Department of Surgery, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Choi
- Department of Surgery, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Ju Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Ho Lee
- Team of Radiation Convergence Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Bum Kim
- Department of Surgery, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-B.K.); (H.J.S.)
| | - Hyun Jin Shin
- Team of Radiation Convergence Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
- Radiological and Medico-Oncological Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-B.K.); (H.J.S.)
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82
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Xu J, Yang M, Shao AZ, Pan HW, Fan YX, Chen KP. Identification and Validation of Common Reference Genes for Normalization of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Gene Expression Profiles. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:9125242. [PMID: 36467891 PMCID: PMC9711964 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9125242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the subtypes of esophageal cancer with Chinese characteristics, and its five-year survival rate is less than 20%. Early diagnosis is beneficial to improving the survival rate of ESCC significantly. Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction is a high-throughput technique that can quantify tumor-related genes for early diagnosis. Its accuracy largely depends on the stability of the reference gene. There is no systematic scientific basis to demonstrate which reference gene expression is stable in ESCC and no consensus on the selection of internal reference. Therefore, this research used four software programs (The comparative delta-Ct method, GeNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper) to evaluate the expression stability of eight candidate reference genes commonly used in other tumor tissues and generated a comprehensive analysis by RefFinder. Randomly selected transcriptome sequencing analysis confirmed the SPP1 gene is closely related to ESCC. It was found that the expression trend of SPP1 obtained by RPS18 and PPIA as internal reference genes were the same as that of sequencing. The results show that RPS18 and PPIA are stable reference genes, and PPIA + RPS18 are a suitable reference gene combination. This is a reference gene report that combines transcriptome sequencing analysis and only focuses on ESCC, which makes the quantification more precise, systematic, and standardized, and promotes gene regulation research and the early diagnosis of ESCC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Fifth People's Hospital of Huaian City, Huaian, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ai-zhong Shao
- Department of Cardiothorac Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hui-wen Pan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi-xuan Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ke-ping Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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83
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Almarán B, Ramis G, Fernández de Mattos S, Villalonga P. Rnd3 Is a Crucial Mediator of the Invasive Phenotype of Glioblastoma Cells Downstream of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signalling. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233716. [PMID: 36496976 PMCID: PMC9741382 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced invasiveness is one of the defining biological traits of glioblastoma cells, which exhibit an infiltrative nature that severely hinders surgical resection. Among the molecular lesions responsible for GBM aggressiveness, aberrant receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signalling is well-characterised. Enhanced RTK signalling directly impacts a myriad of cellular pathways and downstream effectors, which include the Rho GTPase family, key regulators of actin cytoskeletal dynamics. Here, we have analysed the functional crosstalk between oncogenic signals emanating from RTKs and Rho GTPases and focused on the specific contribution of Rnd3 to the invasive phenotype of GBM in this context. We found that RTK inhibition with a panel of RTK inhibitors decreased cell motility and cell invasion and promoted dramatic actin cytoskeleton reorganisation through activation of the RhoA/Rho-associated protein kinase 1 (ROCK) axis. RTK inhibition also significantly decreased Rnd3 expression levels. Consistently, shRNA-mediated Rnd3 silencing revealed that Rnd3 depletion promoted substantial changes in the actin cytoskeleton and reduced cell motility and invasion capacity, recapitulating the effects observed upon RTK inhibition. Our results indicate that Rnd3 is a crucial mediator of RTK oncogenic signalling involved in actin cytoskeletal reorganisation, which contributes to determining the invasive phenotype of GBM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Almarán
- Cancer Cell Biology Laboratory, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Guillem Ramis
- Cancer Cell Biology Laboratory, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
- Serveis Científico-Tècnics, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Silvia Fernández de Mattos
- Cancer Cell Biology Laboratory, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
- Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Priam Villalonga
- Cancer Cell Biology Laboratory, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
- Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-971-259961
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84
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Chetty AK, Ha BH, Boggon TJ. Rho family GTPase signaling through type II p21-activated kinases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:598. [PMID: 36401658 PMCID: PMC10105373 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04618-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Signaling from the Rho family small GTPases controls a wide range of signaling outcomes. Key among the downstream effectors for many of the Rho GTPases are the p21-activated kinases, or PAK group. The PAK family comprises two types, the type I PAKs (PAK1, 2 and 3) and the type II PAKs (PAK4, 5 and 6), which have distinct structures and mechanisms of regulation. In this review, we discuss signal transduction from Rho GTPases with a focus on the type II PAKs. We discuss the role of PAKs in signal transduction pathways and selectivity of Rho GTPases for PAK family members. We consider the less well studied of the Rho GTPases and their PAK-related signaling. We then discuss the molecular basis for kinase domain recognition of substrates and for regulation of signaling. We conclude with a discussion of the role of PAKs in cross talk between Rho family small GTPases and the roles of PAKs in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin K Chetty
- Yale College, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Byung Hak Ha
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Titus J Boggon
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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85
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Wang T, Rao D, Yu C, Sheng J, Luo Y, Xia L, Huang W. RHO GTPase family in hepatocellular carcinoma. Exp Hematol Oncol 2022; 11:91. [DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00344-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractRHO GTPases are a subfamily of the RAS superfamily of proteins, which are highly conserved in eukaryotic species and have important biological functions, including actin cytoskeleton reorganization, cell proliferation, cell polarity, and vesicular transport. Recent studies indicate that RHO GTPases participate in the proliferation, migration, invasion and metastasis of cancer, playing an essential role in the tumorigenesis and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This review first introduces the classification, structure, regulators and functions of RHO GTPases, then dissects its role in HCC, especially in migration and metastasis. Finally, we summarize inhibitors targeting RHO GTPases and highlight the issues that should be addressed to improve the potency of these inhibitors.
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86
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Chinchole A, Lone KA, Tyagi S. MLL regulates the actin cytoskeleton and cell migration by stabilising Rho GTPases via the expression of RhoGDI1. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs260042. [PMID: 36111497 PMCID: PMC7615853 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Attainment of proper cell shape and the regulation of cell migration are essential processes in the development of an organism. The mixed lineage leukemia (MLL or KMT2A) protein, a histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferase, plays a critical role in cell-fate decisions during skeletal development and haematopoiesis in higher vertebrates. Rho GTPases - RhoA, Rac1 and CDC42 - are small G proteins that regulate various key cellular processes, such as actin cytoskeleton formation, the maintenance of cell shape and cell migration. Here, we report that MLL regulates the homeostasis of these small Rho GTPases. Loss of MLL resulted in an abnormal cell shape and a disrupted actin cytoskeleton, which lead to diminished cell spreading and migration. MLL depletion affected the stability and activity of Rho GTPases in a SET domain-dependent manner, but these Rho GTPases were not direct transcriptional targets of MLL. Instead, MLL regulated the transcript levels of their chaperone protein RhoGDI1 (also known as ARHGDIA). Using MDA-MB-231, a triple-negative breast cancer cell line with high RhoGDI1 expression, we show that MLL depletion or inhibition by small molecules reduces tumour progression in nude mice. Our studies highlight the central regulatory role of MLL in Rho/Rac/CDC42 signalling pathways. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Chinchole
- Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Uppal, Hyderabad 500039, India
- Graduate Studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 567104, India
| | - Kaisar Ahmad Lone
- Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Uppal, Hyderabad 500039, India
- Graduate Studies, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad 121001, India
| | - Shweta Tyagi
- Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Uppal, Hyderabad 500039, India
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87
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Cytoskeleton Elements Contribute to Prion Peptide-Induced Endothelial Barrier Breakdown in a Blood–Brain Barrier In Vitro System. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012126. [PMID: 36293002 PMCID: PMC9603506 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms involved in the interaction of PrP 106-126, a peptide corresponding to the prion protein amyloidogenic region, with the blood–brain barrier (BBB) were studied. PrP 106-126 treatment that was previously shown to impair BBB function, reduced cAMP levels in cultured brain endothelial cells, increased nitric oxide (NO) levels, and changed the activation mode of the small GTPases Rac1 (inactivation) and RhoA (activation). The latter are well established regulators of endothelial barrier properties that act via cytoskeletal elements. Indeed, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based proteomic profiling study revealed extensive changes in expression of cytoskeleton-related proteins. These results shed light on the nature of the interaction between the prion peptide PrP 106-126 and the BBB and emphasize the importance of the cytoskeleton in endothelium response to prion- induced stress.
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88
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Przystupski D, Ussowicz M. Landscape of Cellular Bioeffects Triggered by Ultrasound-Induced Sonoporation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911222. [PMID: 36232532 PMCID: PMC9569453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sonoporation is the process of transient pore formation in the cell membrane triggered by ultrasound (US). Numerous studies have provided us with firm evidence that sonoporation may assist cancer treatment through effective drug and gene delivery. However, there is a massive gap in the body of literature on the issue of understanding the complexity of biophysical and biochemical sonoporation-induced cellular effects. This study provides a detailed explanation of the US-triggered bioeffects, in particular, cell compartments and the internal environment of the cell, as well as the further consequences on cell reproduction and growth. Moreover, a detailed biophysical insight into US-provoked pore formation is presented. This study is expected to review the knowledge of cellular effects initiated by US-induced sonoporation and summarize the attempts at clinical implementation.
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89
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Zanin JP, Friedman WJ. p75NTR prevents the onset of cerebellar granule cell migration via RhoA activation. eLife 2022; 11:e79934. [PMID: 36040414 PMCID: PMC9427104 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal migration is one of the fundamental processes during brain development. Several neurodevelopmental disorders can be traced back to dysregulated migration. Although substantial efforts have been placed in identifying molecular signals that stimulate migration, little is known about potential mechanisms that restrict migration. These restrictive mechanisms are essential for proper development since it helps coordinate the timing for each neuronal population to arrive and establish proper connections. Moreover, preventing migration away from a proliferative niche is necessary in maintaining a pool of proliferating cells until the proper number of neuronal progenitors is attained. Here, using mice and rats, we identify an anti-migratory role for the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) in cerebellar development. Our results show that granule cell precursors (GCPs) robustly express p75NTR in the external granule layer (EGL) when they are proliferating during postnatal development, however, they do not express p75NTR when they migrate either from the rhombic lip during embryonic development or from the EGL during postnatal development. We show that p75NTR prevented GCP migration by maintaining elevated levels of active RhoA. The expression of p75NTR was sufficient to prevent the migration of the granule cells even in the presence of BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), a well-established chemotactic signal for this cell population. Our findings suggest that the expression of p75NTR might be a critical signal that stops and maintains the GCPs in the proliferative niche of the EGL, by promoting the clonal expansion of cerebellar granule neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P Zanin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers UniversityNewarkUnited States
| | - Wilma J Friedman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers UniversityNewarkUnited States
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90
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Keller L, Tardy C, Ligat L, Le Pennec S, Bery N, Koraïchi F, Chinestra P, David M, Gence R, Favre G, Cabantous S, Olichon A. Tripartite split-GFP assay to identify selective intracellular nanobody that suppresses GTPase RHOA subfamily downstream signaling. Front Immunol 2022; 13:980539. [PMID: 36059552 PMCID: PMC9433928 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.980539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Strategies based on intracellular expression of artificial binding domains present several advantages over manipulating nucleic acid expression or the use of small molecule inhibitors. Intracellularly-functional nanobodies can be considered as promising macrodrugs to study key signaling pathways by interfering with protein-protein interactions. With the aim of studying the RAS-related small GTPase RHOA family, we previously isolated, from a synthetic phage display library, nanobodies selective towards the GTP-bound conformation of RHOA subfamily proteins that lack selectivity between the highly conserved RHOA-like and RAC subfamilies of GTPases. To identify RHOA/ROCK pathway inhibitory intracellular nanobodies, we implemented a stringent, subtractive phage display selection towards RHOA-GTP followed by a phenotypic screen based on F-actin fiber loss. Intracellular interaction and intracellular selectivity between RHOA and RAC1 proteins was demonstrated by adapting the sensitive intracellular protein-protein interaction reporter based on the tripartite split-GFP method. This strategy led us to identify a functional intracellular nanobody, hereafter named RH28, that does not cross-react with the close RAC subfamily and blocks/disrupts the RHOA/ROCK signaling pathway in several cell lines without further engineering or functionalization. We confirmed these results by showing, using SPR assays, the high specificity of the RH28 nanobody towards the GTP-bound conformation of RHOA subfamily GTPases. In the metastatic melanoma cell line WM266-4, RH28 expression triggered an elongated cellular phenotype associated with a loss of cellular contraction properties, demonstrating the efficient intracellular blocking of RHOA/B/C proteins downstream interactions without the need of manipulating endogenous gene expression. This work paves the way for future therapeutic strategies based on protein-protein interaction disruption with intracellular antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Keller
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Oncologique, IUCT-Oncopôle, Toulouse, France
| | - Claudine Tardy
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France
| | - Laetitia Ligat
- Le Pôle Technologique du Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Plateau de Protéomique, Toulouse, France
| | - Soazig Le Pennec
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Bery
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France
| | - Faten Koraïchi
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France
| | - Patrick Chinestra
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France
| | - Mélissa David
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France
| | - Rémi Gence
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France
| | - Gilles Favre
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Oncologique, IUCT-Oncopôle, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphanie Cabantous
- Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Oncologique, IUCT-Oncopôle, Toulouse, France
- *Correspondence: Stéphanie Cabantous, ; Aurélien Olichon,
| | - Aurélien Olichon
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1188 Diabète athérothrombose Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
- *Correspondence: Stéphanie Cabantous, ; Aurélien Olichon,
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91
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Pillay LM, Yano JJ, Davis AE, Butler MG, Ezeude MO, Park JS, Barnes KA, Reyes VL, Castranova D, Gore AV, Swift MR, Iben JR, Kenton MI, Stratman AN, Weinstein BM. In vivo dissection of Rhoa function in vascular development using zebrafish. Angiogenesis 2022; 25:411-434. [PMID: 35320450 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-022-09834-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The small monomeric GTPase RHOA acts as a master regulator of signal transduction cascades by activating effectors of cellular signaling, including the Rho-associated protein kinases ROCK1/2. Previous in vitro cell culture studies suggest that RHOA can regulate many critical aspects of vascular endothelial cell (EC) biology, including focal adhesion, stress fiber formation, and angiogenesis. However, the specific in vivo roles of RHOA during vascular development and homeostasis are still not well understood. In this study, we examine the in vivo functions of RHOA in regulating vascular development and integrity in zebrafish. We use zebrafish RHOA-ortholog (rhoaa) mutants, transgenic embryos expressing wild type, dominant negative, or constitutively active forms of rhoaa in ECs, pharmacological inhibitors of RHOA and ROCK1/2, and Rock1 and Rock2a/b dgRNP-injected zebrafish embryos to study the in vivo consequences of RHOA gain- and loss-of-function in the vascular endothelium. Our findings document roles for RHOA in vascular integrity, developmental angiogenesis, and vascular morphogenesis in vivo, showing that either too much or too little RHOA activity leads to vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Pillay
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Joseph J Yano
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Pennsylvania, 440 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Andrew E Davis
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Matthew G Butler
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Megan O Ezeude
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jong S Park
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Keith A Barnes
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Vanessa L Reyes
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Daniel Castranova
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Aniket V Gore
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Matthew R Swift
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - James R Iben
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Madeleine I Kenton
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Amber N Stratman
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Brant M Weinstein
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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92
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Yoon HY, Maron BY, Girald-Berlingeri S, Gasilina A, Gollin JC, Jian X, Akpan I, Yohe ME, Randazzo PA, Chen PW. ERK phosphorylation is dependent on cell adhesion in a subset of pediatric sarcoma cell lines. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119264. [PMID: 35381293 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) and Pax-Foxo1 fusion negative rhabdomyosarcoma (FN-RMS) are pediatric sarcomas with poor prognoses in patients with advanced disease. In both malignancies, an actin binding protein has been linked to poor prognosis. Integrin adhesion complexes (IACs) are closely coupled to actin networks and IAC-mediated signaling has been implicated in the progression of carcinomas. However, the relationship of IACs and actin cytoskeleton remodeling with cell signaling is understudied in pediatric sarcomas. Here, we tested the hypothesis that IAC dynamics affect ERK activation in OS and FN-RMS cell lines. Adhesion dependence of ERK activation differed among the OS and FN-RMS cells examined. In the OS cell lines, adhesion did not have a consistent effect on phospho-ERK (pERK). ERK phosphorylation in response to fetal calf serum or 1 ng/ml EGF was nearly as efficient in OS cell lines and one FN-RMS cell line in suspension as cells adherent to poly-l-lysine (PL) or fibronectin (FN). By contrast, adhesion to plastic, PL or FN increased ERK phosphorylation and was greater than additive with a 15 min exposure to 1 ng/ml EGF in three FN-RMS cell lines. Increases in pERK were partly dependent on FAK and PAK1/2 but independent of IAC maturation. As far as we are aware, this examination of adhesion-dependent signaling is the first in pediatric sarcomas and has led to the discovery of differences from the prevailing paradigms and differences in the degree of coupling between components in the signaling pathways among the cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Yoon
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Ben Y Maron
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, United States of America
| | - Sofia Girald-Berlingeri
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Anjelika Gasilina
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Josephine C Gollin
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, United States of America
| | - Xiaoying Jian
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Itoro Akpan
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Marielle E Yohe
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Paul A Randazzo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America.
| | - Pei-Wen Chen
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, United States of America
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93
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Proliferation of bovine myoblast by LncPRRX1 via regulation of the miR-137/CDC42 axis. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 220:33-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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94
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Tarannum N, Kumar D, Agrawal R, Verma Y. Selectively Imprinted β‐cyclodextrin Polymer for Colorimetric Assay of Lysophosphatidic Acid for Point of Care Detection of Ovarian Cancer. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Tarannum
- Department of Chemistry Chaudhary Charan Singh University Meerut 250004 India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Chemistry Chaudhary Charan Singh University Meerut 250004 India
| | - Ranu Agrawal
- Department of Applied Science SCRIET Chaudhary Charan Singh University Meerut 250004 India
| | - Yeshvandra Verma
- Department of Toxicology Chaudhary Charan Singh University Meerut 250004 India
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95
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Anijs M, Devanna P, Vernes SC. ARHGEF39, a Gene Implicated in Developmental Language Disorder, Activates RHOA and Is Involved in Cell De-Adhesion and Neural Progenitor Cell Proliferation. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:941494. [PMID: 35959104 PMCID: PMC9359124 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.941494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ARHGEF39 was previously implicated in developmental language disorder (DLD) via a functional polymorphism that can disrupt post-transcriptional regulation by microRNAs. ARHGEF39 is part of the family of Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RhoGEFs) that activate small Rho GTPases to regulate a wide variety of cellular processes. However, little is known about the function of ARHGEF39, or how its function might contribute to neurodevelopment or related disorders. Here, we explore the molecular function of ARHGEF39 and show that it activates the Rho GTPase RHOA and that high ARHGEF39 expression in cell cultures leads to an increase of detached cells. To explore its role in neurodevelopment, we analyse published single cell RNA-sequencing data and demonstrate that ARHGEF39 is a marker gene for proliferating neural progenitor cells and that it is co-expressed with genes involved in cell division. This suggests a role for ARHGEF39 in neurogenesis in the developing brain. The co-expression of ARHGEF39 with other RHOA-regulating genes supports RHOA as substrate of ARHGEF39 in neural cells, and the involvement of RHOA in neuropsychiatric disorders highlights a potential link between ARHGEF39 and neurodevelopment and disorder. Understanding the GTPase substrate, co-expression network, and processes downstream of ARHGEF39 provide new avenues for exploring the mechanisms by which altered expression levels of ARHGEF39 may contribute to neurodevelopment and associated disorders.
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96
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Svec KV, Howe AK. Protein Kinase A in cellular migration—Niche signaling of a ubiquitous kinase. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:953093. [PMID: 35959460 PMCID: PMC9361040 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.953093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration requires establishment and maintenance of directional polarity, which in turn requires spatial heterogeneity in the regulation of protrusion, retraction, and adhesion. Thus, the signaling proteins that regulate these various structural processes must also be distinctly regulated in subcellular space. Protein Kinase A (PKA) is a ubiquitous serine/threonine kinase involved in innumerable cellular processes. In the context of cell migration, it has a paradoxical role in that global inhibition or activation of PKA inhibits migration. It follows, then, that the subcellular regulation of PKA is key to bringing its proper permissive and restrictive functions to the correct parts of the cell. Proper subcellular regulation of PKA controls not only when and where it is active but also specifies the targets for that activity, allowing the cell to use a single, promiscuous kinase to exert distinct functions within different subcellular niches to facilitate cell movement. In this way, understanding PKA signaling in migration is a study in context and in the elegant coordination of distinct functions of a single protein in a complex cellular process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn V. Svec
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Alan K. Howe
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, V T, United States
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
- *Correspondence: Alan K. Howe,
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97
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Bending over backwards: BAR proteins and the actin cytoskeleton in mammalian receptor-mediated endocytosis. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151257. [PMID: 35863103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the actin cytoskeleton during receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME) has been well characterized in yeast for many years. Only more recently has the interplay between the actin cytoskeleton and RME been extensively explored in mammalian cells. These studies have revealed the central roles of BAR proteins in RME, and have demonstrated significant roles of BAR proteins in linking the actin cytoskeleton to this cellular process. The actin cytoskeleton generates and transmits mechanical force to promote the extension of receptor-bound endocytic vesicles into the cell. Many adaptor proteins link and regulate the actin cytoskeleton at the sites of endocytosis. This review will cover key effectors, adaptors and signalling molecules that help to facilitate the invagination of the cell membrane during receptor-mediated endocytosis, including recent insights gained on the roles of BAR proteins. The final part of this review will explore associations of alterations to genes encoding BAR proteins with cancer.
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98
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Wang C, Qu K, Wang J, Qin R, Li B, Qiu J, Wang G. Biomechanical regulation of planar cell polarity in endothelial cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166495. [PMID: 35850177 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cell polarity refers to the uneven distribution of certain cytoplasmic components in a cell with a spatial order. The planar cell polarity (PCP), the cell aligns perpendicular to the polar plane, in endothelial cells (ECs) has become a research hot spot. The planar polarity of ECs has a positive significance on the regulation of cardiovascular dysfunction, pathological angiogenesis, and ischemic stroke. The endothelial polarity is stimulated and regulated by biomechanical force. Mechanical stimuli promote endothelial polarization and make ECs produce PCP to maintain the normal physiological and biochemical functions. Here, we overview recent advances in understanding the interplay and mechanism between PCP and ECs function involved in mechanical forces, with a focus on PCP signaling pathways and organelles in regulating the polarity of ECs. And then showed the related diseases caused by ECs polarity dysfunction. This study provides new ideas and therapeutic targets for the treatment of endothelial PCP-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kai Qu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Qin
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Bingyi Li
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juhui Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
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99
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Consalvo KM, Kirolos SA, Sestak CE, Gomer RH. Sex-Based Differences in Human Neutrophil Chemorepulsion. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:354-367. [PMID: 35793910 PMCID: PMC9283293 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2101103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A considerable amount is known about how eukaryotic cells move toward an attractant, and the mechanisms are conserved from Dictyostelium discoideum to human neutrophils. Relatively little is known about chemorepulsion, where cells move away from a repellent signal. We previously identified pathways mediating chemorepulsion in Dictyostelium, and here we show that these pathways, including Ras, Rac, protein kinase C, PTEN, and ERK1 and 2, are required for human neutrophil chemorepulsion, and, as with Dictyostelium chemorepulsion, PI3K and phospholipase C are not necessary, suggesting that eukaryotic chemorepulsion mechanisms are conserved. Surprisingly, there were differences between male and female neutrophils. Inhibition of Rho-associated kinases or Cdc42 caused male neutrophils to be more repelled by a chemorepellent and female neutrophils to be attracted to the chemorepellent. In the presence of a chemorepellent, compared with male neutrophils, female neutrophils showed a reduced percentage of repelled neutrophils, greater persistence of movement, more adhesion, less accumulation of PI(3,4,5)P3, and less polymerization of actin. Five proteins associated with chemorepulsion pathways are differentially abundant, with three of the five showing sex dimorphism in protein localization in unstimulated male and female neutrophils. Together, this indicates a fundamental difference in a motility mechanism in the innate immune system in men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara A Kirolos
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Chelsea E Sestak
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Richard H Gomer
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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100
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Zhang H, Cai B, Liu Y, Chong Y, Matsunaga A, Mori SF, Fang X, Kitamura E, Chang CS, Wang P, Cowell JK, Hu T. RHOA-regulated IGFBP2 promotes invasion and drives progression of BCR-ABL1 chronic myeloid leukemia. Haematologica 2022; 108:122-134. [PMID: 35833297 PMCID: PMC9827165 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2022.280757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Philadelphia 9;22 chromosome translocation has two common isoforms that are preferentially associated with distinct subtypes of leukemia. The p210 variant is the hallmark of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) whereas p190 is frequently associated with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The only sequence difference between the two isoforms is the guanidine exchange factor domain. This guanidine exchange factor is reported to activate RHO family GTPases in response to diverse extracellular stimuli. It is not clear whether and, if so, how RHOA contributes to progression of p210 CML. Here we show that knockout of RHOA in the K562 and KU812, p210-expressing cell lines leads to suppression of leukemogenesis in animal models in vivo. RNA-sequencing analysis of the mock control and null cells demonstrated a distinct change in the gene expression profile as a result of RHOA deletion, with significant downregulation of genes involved in cell activation and cell adhesion. Cellular analysis revealed that RHOA knockout leads to impaired cell adhesion and migration and, most importantly, the homing ability of leukemia cells to the bone marrow, which may be responsible for the attenuated leukemia progression. We also identified IGFBP2 as an important downstream target of RHOA. Further mechanistic investigation showed that RHOA activation leads to relocation of the serum response factor (SRF) into the nucleus, where it directly activates IGFBP2. Knockout of IGFBP2 in CML cells suppressed cell adhesion/invasion, as well as leukemogenesis in vivo. This elevated IGFBP2 expression was confirmed in primary CML samples. Thus, we demonstrate one mechanism whereby the RHOA-SRF-IGFBP2 signaling axis contributes to the development of leukemia in cells expressing the p210 BCR-ABL1 fusion kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualei Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China,Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Baohuan Cai
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA,Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yating Chong
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Xuexiu Fang
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Eiko Kitamura
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | - Ping Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - John K. Cowell
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA,J. K. Cowell
| | - Tianxiang Hu
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA,T. Hu
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