51
|
Goodell DJ, Zaegel V, Coultrap SJ, Hell JW, Bayer KU. DAPK1 Mediates LTD by Making CaMKII/GluN2B Binding LTP Specific. Cell Rep 2018; 19:2231-2243. [PMID: 28614711 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) is a potent mediator of neuronal cell death. Here, we find that DAPK1 also functions in synaptic plasticity by regulating the Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). CaMKII and T286 autophosphorylation are required for both long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD), two opposing forms of synaptic plasticity underlying learning, memory, and cognition. T286-autophosphorylation induces CaMKII binding to the NMDA receptor (NMDAR) subunit GluN2B, which mediates CaMKII synaptic accumulation during LTP. We find that the LTP specificity of CaMKII synaptic accumulation is due to its LTD-specific suppression by calcineurin (CaN)-dependent DAPK1 activation, which in turn blocks CaMKII binding to GluN2B. This suppression is enabled by competitive DAPK1 versus CaMKII binding to GluN2B. Negative regulation of DAPK1/GluN2B binding by Ca2+/CaM results in synaptic DAPK1 removal during LTP but retention during LTD. A pharmacogenetic approach showed that suppression of CaMKII/GluN2B binding is a DAPK1 function required for LTD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dayton J Goodell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Program in Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Vincent Zaegel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Steven J Coultrap
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Johannes W Hell
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - K Ulrich Bayer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Program in Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Yu G, Cheng CJ, Lin SC, Lee YC, Frigo DE, Yu-Lee LY, Gallick GE, Titus MA, Nutt LK, Lin SH. Organelle-Derived Acetyl-CoA Promotes Prostate Cancer Cell Survival, Migration, and Metastasis via Activation of Calmodulin Kinase II. Cancer Res 2018. [PMID: 29535221 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although emerging evidence suggests a potential role of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) in prostate cancer, its role in prostate cancer tumorigenesis is largely unknown. Here, we examine whether the acetyl CoA-CaMKII pathway, first described in frog oocytes, promotes prostate cancer tumorigenesis. In human prostate cancer specimens, metastatic prostate cancer expressed higher levels of active CaMKII compared with localized prostate cancer. Correspondingly, basal CaMKII activity was significantly higher in the more tumorigenic PC3 and PC3-mm2 cells relative to the less tumorigenic LNCaP and C4-2B4 cells. Deletion of CaMKII by CRISPR/Cas9 in PC3-mm2 cells abrogated cell survival under low-serum conditions, anchorage-independent growth and cell migration; overexpression of constitutively active CaMKII in C4-2B4 cells promoted these phenotypes. In an animal model of prostate cancer metastasis, genetic ablation of CaMKII reduced PC3-mm2 cell metastasis from the prostate to the lymph nodes. Knockdown of the acetyl-CoA transporter carnitine acetyltransferase abolished CaMKII activation, providing evidence that acetyl-CoA generated from organelles is a major activator of CaMKII. Genetic deletion of the β-oxidation rate-limiting enzyme ACOX family proteins decreased CaMKII activation, whereas overexpression of ACOXI increased CaMKII activation. Overall, our studies identify active CaMKII as a novel connection between organelle β-oxidation and acetyl-CoA transport with cell survival, migration, and prostate cancer metastasis.Significance: This study identifies a cell metabolic pathway that promotes prostate cancer metastasis and suggests prostate cancer may be susceptible to β-oxidation inhibitors. Cancer Res; 78(10); 2490-502. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoyu Yu
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Chien-Jui Cheng
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Song-Chang Lin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yu-Chen Lee
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Daniel E Frigo
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Li-Yuan Yu-Lee
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Gary E Gallick
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mark A Titus
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Leta K Nutt
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sue-Hwa Lin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. .,Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Rha J, Jones SK, Fidler J, Banerjee A, Leung SW, Morris KJ, Wong JC, Inglis GAS, Shapiro L, Deng Q, Cutler AA, Hanif AM, Pardue MT, Schaffer A, Seyfried NT, Moberg KH, Bassell GJ, Escayg A, García PS, Corbett AH. The RNA-binding protein, ZC3H14, is required for proper poly(A) tail length control, expression of synaptic proteins, and brain function in mice. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:3663-3681. [PMID: 28666327 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of mutations in genes that encode ubiquitously expressed RNA-binding proteins cause tissue specific disease. Many of these diseases are neurological in nature revealing critical roles for this class of proteins in the brain. We recently identified mutations in a gene that encodes a ubiquitously expressed polyadenosine RNA-binding protein, ZC3H14 (Zinc finger CysCysCysHis domain-containing protein 14), that cause a nonsyndromic, autosomal recessive form of intellectual disability. This finding reveals the molecular basis for disease and provides evidence that ZC3H14 is essential for proper brain function. To investigate the role of ZC3H14 in the mammalian brain, we generated a mouse in which the first common exon of the ZC3H14 gene, exon 13 is removed (Zc3h14Δex13/Δex13) leading to a truncated ZC3H14 protein. We report here that, as in the patients, Zc3h14 is not essential in mice. Utilizing these Zc3h14Δex13/Δex13mice, we provide the first in vivo functional characterization of ZC3H14 as a regulator of RNA poly(A) tail length. The Zc3h14Δex13/Δex13 mice show enlarged lateral ventricles in the brain as well as impaired working memory. Proteomic analysis comparing the hippocampi of Zc3h14+/+ and Zc3h14Δex13/Δex13 mice reveals dysregulation of several pathways that are important for proper brain function and thus sheds light onto which pathways are most affected by the loss of ZC3H14. Among the proteins increased in the hippocampi of Zc3h14Δex13/Δex13 mice compared to control are key synaptic proteins including CaMK2a. This newly generated mouse serves as a tool to study the function of ZC3H14 in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Rha
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell, and Developmental Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Stephanie K Jones
- Department of Biology.,Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jonathan Fidler
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine & Research Division, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | | | - Kevin J Morris
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell, and Developmental Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Department of Biology
| | - Jennifer C Wong
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - George Andrew S Inglis
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Lindsey Shapiro
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Qiudong Deng
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Alicia A Cutler
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell, and Developmental Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Adam M Hanif
- Department of Opthamology, Emory University School of Medicine & Research Division, & Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Machelle T Pardue
- Department of Opthamology, Emory University School of Medicine & Research Division, & Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ashleigh Schaffer
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4955, USA
| | - Nicholas T Seyfried
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kenneth H Moberg
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Gary J Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Andrew Escayg
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Paul S García
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine & Research Division, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
54
|
Kim MS, Koo H, Han SW, Paulus W, Nitsche MA, Kim YH, Yoon JA, Shin YI. Repeated anodal transcranial direct current stimulation induces neural plasticity-associated gene expression in the rat cortex and hippocampus. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2018; 35:137-146. [PMID: 28059801 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-160689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (A-tDCS) induces a long-lasting increase in cortical excitability that can increase gene transcription in the brain. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of genes related to activity-dependent neuronal plasticity in the sensorimotor cortex and hippocampus of young Sprague-Dawley rats following A-tDCS. METHODS We applied A-tDCS over the right sensorimotor cortex epicranially with a circular electrode (3 mm diameter) at 250 μA for 20 min per day for 7 consecutive days. Levels of mRNA for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), synapsin I, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc), and c-Fos were analyzed using SYBR Green quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS We found that 7 days of unilateral A-tDCS resulted in significant increases in transcription of all plasticity-related genes tested in the ipsilateral cortex. Daily A-tDCS also resulted in a significant increase in c-Fos mRNA in the ipsilateral hippocampus. CONCLUSION These results indicate that altered expression of plasticity-associated genes in the cortex and hippocampus is a molecular substrate of A-tDCS-induced neural plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Sun Kim
- Department of Physiology, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Ho Koo
- Department of Physiology, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Sang Who Han
- Department of Physiology, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Walter Paulus
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Michael A Nitsche
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany.,Leibniz Research Center for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany.,Department of Neurology, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
| | - Yun-Hee Kim
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin A Yoon
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Yong-Il Shin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Activation State-Dependent Substrate Gating in Ca 2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:9601046. [PMID: 29391954 PMCID: PMC5748111 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9601046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is highly concentrated in the brain where its activation by the Ca2+ sensor CaM, multivalent structure, and complex autoregulatory features make it an ideal translator of Ca2+ signals created by different patterns of neuronal activity. We provide direct evidence that graded levels of kinase activity and extent of T287 (T286 α isoform) autophosphorylation drive changes in catalytic output and substrate selectivity. The catalytic domains of CaMKII phosphorylate purified PSDs much more effectively when tethered together in the holoenzyme versus individual subunits. Using multisubstrate SPOT arrays, high-affinity substrates are preferentially phosphorylated with limited subunit activity per holoenzyme, whereas multiple subunits or maximal subunit activation is required for intermediate- and low-affinity, weak substrates, respectively. Using a monomeric form of CaMKII to control T287 autophosphorylation, we demonstrate that increased Ca2+/CaM-dependent activity for all substrates tested, with the extent of weak, low-affinity substrate phosphorylation governed by the extent of T287 autophosphorylation. Our data suggest T287 autophosphorylation regulates substrate gating, an intrinsic property of the catalytic domain, which is amplified within the multivalent architecture of the CaMKII holoenzyme.
Collapse
|
56
|
Dong J, Zhao J, Lin Y, Liang H, He X, Zheng X, Sui M, Zhuang Z, Yan T. Exercise improves recognition memory and synaptic plasticity in the prefrontal cortex for rats modelling vascular dementia. Neurol Res 2017; 40:68-77. [PMID: 29126372 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2017.1398389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Dong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingpu Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiying Liang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, People’s Hospital of Zhongshan City, Zhongshan, China
| | - Xiaokuo He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Shiyan, China
| | - Xiuyuan Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minghong Sui
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanshan Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhuang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tiebin Yan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Li DP, Zhou JJ, Zhang J, Pan HL. CaMKII Regulates Synaptic NMDA Receptor Activity of Hypothalamic Presympathetic Neurons and Sympathetic Outflow in Hypertension. J Neurosci 2017; 37:10690-10699. [PMID: 28972129 PMCID: PMC5666588 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2141-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
NMDAR activity in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is increased and critically involved in heightened sympathetic vasomotor tone in hypertension. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) binds to and modulates NMDAR activity. In this study, we determined the role of CaMKII in regulating NMDAR activity of PVN presympathetic neurons in male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). NMDAR-mediated EPSCs and puff NMDA-elicited currents were recorded in spinally projecting PVN neurons in SHRs and male Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. The basal amplitude of evoked NMDAR-EPSCs and puff NMDA currents in retrogradely labeled PVN neurons were significantly higher in SHRs than in WKY rats. The CaMKII inhibitor autocamtide-2-related inhibitory peptide (AIP) normalized the increased amplitude of NMDAR-EPSCs and puff NMDA currents in labeled PVN neurons in SHRs but had no effect in WKY rats. Treatment with AIP also normalized the higher frequency of NMDAR-mediated miniature EPSCs of PVN neurons in SHRs. CaMKII-mediated phosphorylation level of GluN2B serine 1303 (S1303) in the PVN, but not in the hippocampus and frontal cortex, was significantly higher in SHRs than in WKY rats. Lowering blood pressure with celiac ganglionectomy in SHRs did not alter the increased level of phosphorylated GluN2B S1303 in the PVN. In addition, microinjection of AIP into the PVN significantly reduced arterial blood pressure and lumbar sympathetic nerve discharges in SHRs. Our findings suggest that CaMKII activity is increased in the PVN and contributes to potentiated presynaptic and postsynaptic NMDAR activity to elevate sympathetic vasomotor tone in hypertension.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Heightened sympathetic vasomotor tone is a major contributor to the development of hypertension. Although glutamate NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-mediated excitatory drive in the hypothalamus plays a critical role in increased sympathetic output in hypertension, the molecular mechanism involved in potentiated NMDAR activity of hypothalamic presympathetic neurons remains unclear. Here we show that the activity of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is increased and plays a key role in the potentiated presynaptic and postsynaptic NMDAR activity of hypothalamic presympathetic neurons in hypertension. Also, the inhibition of CaMKII in the hypothalamus reduces elevated blood pressure and sympathetic nerve discharges in hypertension. This new knowledge extends our understanding of the mechanism of synaptic plasticity in the hypothalamus and suggests new strategies to treat neurogenic hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- De-Pei Li
- Center for Neuroscience and Pain Research, Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Jing-Jing Zhou
- Center for Neuroscience and Pain Research, Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Jixiang Zhang
- Center for Neuroscience and Pain Research, Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Hui-Lin Pan
- Center for Neuroscience and Pain Research, Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Extinction of Contextual Cocaine Memories Requires Ca v1.2 within D1R-Expressing Cells and Recruits Hippocampal Ca v1.2-Dependent Signaling Mechanisms. J Neurosci 2017; 37:11894-11911. [PMID: 29089442 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2397-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to cocaine-associated contextual cues contributes significantly to relapse. Extinction of these contextual associations, which involves a new form of learning, reduces cocaine-seeking behavior; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process remain largely unknown. We report that extinction, but not acquisition, of cocaine conditioned place preference (CPP) in male mice increased Cav1.2 L-type Ca2+ channel mRNA and protein in postsynaptic density (PSD) fractions of the hippocampus, a brain region involved in drug-context associations. Moreover, viral-mediated deletion of Cav1.2 in the dorsal hippocampus attenuated extinction of cocaine CPP. Molecular studies examining downstream Cav1.2 targets revealed that extinction recruited calcium/calmodulin (Ca2+/CaMK)-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) to the hippocampal PSD. This occurred in parallel with an increase in phosphorylation of the AMPA GluA1 receptor subunit at serine 831 (S831), a CaMKII site, along with an increase in total PSD GluA1. The necessity of S831 GluA1 was further demonstrated by the lack of extinction in S831A GluA1 phosphomutant mice. Of note hippocampal GluA1 levels remained unaltered at the PSD, but were reduced near the PSD and at perisynaptic sites of dendritic spines in extinction-resistant S831A mutant mice. Finally, conditional knock-out of Cav1.2 in dopamine D1 receptor (D1R)-expressing cells resulted in attenuation of cocaine CPP extinction and lack of extinction-dependent changes in hippocampal PSD CaMKII expression and S831 GluA1 phosphorylation. In summary, we demonstrate an essential role for the hippocampal Cav1.2/CaMKII/S831 GluA1 pathway in cocaine CPP extinction, with data supporting contribution of hippocampal D1R-expressing cells in this process. These findings demonstrate a novel role for Cav1.2 channels in extinction of contextual cocaine-associated memories.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Continued drug-seeking behavior, a defining characteristic of cocaine addiction, can be precipitated by contextual cues, yet the molecular mechanisms required for extinction of these context-specific memories remain poorly understood. Here, we have uncovered a novel and selective role of the Cav1.2 L-type Ca2+ channel and its downstream signaling pathway in the hippocampus that mediate extinction of cocaine conditioned place preference (CPP). We additionally provide evidence that supports a role of Cav1.2 within dopamine D1 receptor-expressing cells of the hippocampus for extinction of cocaine CPP. Therefore, these findings reveal a previously unknown role of Cav1.2 channels within the hippocampus and in D1 receptor-expressing cells in extinction of cocaine-associated memories, providing a framework for further exploration of mechanisms underlying extinction of cocaine-seeking behavior.
Collapse
|
59
|
Wen X, Liang H, Li H, Ou W, Wang HB, Liu H, Li S. In vitroneurotoxicity by ropivacaine is reduced by silencing Cav3.3 T-type calcium subunits in neonatal rat sensory neurons. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 46:1617-1624. [PMID: 28974111 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1384386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianjie Wen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan and Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hua Liang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan and Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qinyuan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weiming Ou
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan and Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Han-Bing Wang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan and Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hongzhen Liu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan and Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shijie Li
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan and Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
CaMK II γ down regulation protects dorsal root ganglion neurons from ropivacaine hydrochloride neurotoxicity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5262. [PMID: 28701796 PMCID: PMC5507888 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05678-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
T-type calcium channels are intimately involved in the local anesthetics neurotoxicity. Does CaMKIIγ regulate T-type calcium currents in local anesthetics neurotoxicity? This study generated pAd-CaMKIIγ and pAd-shRNA adenovirus vectors to up- and down-regulate CaMKIIγ mRNA expression in dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRG). Normal DRG (Normal group), empty vector DRG (Empty vector group), pAd-CaMKIIγ DRG (pAd-CaMKIIγ group) and pAd-shRNA DRG (pAd-shRNA group) were treated or untreated with 3 mM ropivacaine hydrochloride for 4 h. Cell viability, apoptosis rate, CaMKIIγ, pCaMKIIγ, Cav3.2, and Cav3.3 expression were detected. Ultrastructural changes in DRG were observed under a transmission electron microscope. The results demonstrated that the cell viability of DRG treated with ropivacaine hydrochloride decreased markedly, the apoptosis rate, CaMKIIγ, pCaMKIIγ, Cav3.2, Cav3.3 expression increased significantly. CaMKIIγ up-regulation aggravated ropivacaine hydrochloride-induced cell damage and increased Cav3.2 and Cav3.3 expression. In conclusion, CaMKIIγ regulated Cav3.2 and Cav3.3 expression in DRG, which was involved with ropivacaine hydrochloride-induced cell injury.
Collapse
|
61
|
Deciphering CaMKII Multimerization Using Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy and Homo-FRET Analysis. Biophys J 2017; 112:1270-1281. [PMID: 28355553 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While kinases are typically composed of one or two subunits, calcium-calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is composed of 8-14 subunits arranged as pairs around a central core. It is not clear if the CaMKII holoenzyme functions as an assembly of independent subunits, as catalytic pairs, or as a single unit. One strategy to address this question is to genetically engineer monomeric and dimeric CaMKII and evaluate how their activity compares to the wild-type (WT) holoenzyme. Here a technique that combines fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and homo-FRET analysis was used to characterize assembly mutants of Venus-tagged CaMKIIα to identify a dimeric CaMKII. Spectroscopy was then used to compare how holoenzyme structure and function changes in response to activation with CaM in the dimeric mutant, WT-holoenzyme, and a monomeric CaMKII oligomerization-domain deletion mutant control. CaM triggered an increase in hydrodynamic volume in both WT and dimeric CaMKII without altering subunit stoichiometry or the net homo-FRET between Venus-tagged catalytic domains. Biochemical analysis revealed that the dimeric mutant also functioned like WT holoenzyme in terms of its kinase activity with an exogenous substrate, and for endogenous T286 autophosphorylation. We conclude that the fundamental functional units of CaMKII holoenzyme are paired catalytic-domains.
Collapse
|
62
|
Zhang X, Yuan X, Chen L, Wei H, Chen J, Li T. The change in retinoic acid receptor signaling induced by prenatal marginal vitamin A deficiency and its effects on learning and memory. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 47:75-85. [PMID: 28570942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the prenatal marginal vitamin A deficiency (mVAD)-related impairment in learning and memory and the interactions between RARα, Src and NR1. Learning and memory were assessed in adult rats that were exposed to prenatal mVAD with Morris water maze. The average escape time was longer in mVAD rats, and they passed the hidden platform fewer times during the memory retention test than normal vitamin A intake (VAN) rats. The mRNA and protein levels of RARα, Src and NR1 in mVAD rats were significantly lower than those in VAN rats. RARα and Src, but not NR1, were in the same protein complex. RA treatment-induced increase in RARα, Src and NR1 expressions in mVAD neurons was much lower than that in VAN neurons. Overexpression of RARα gene in VAN neurons induced an increase in RARα, Src and NR1 expressions, while silencing of RARα gene induced a decrease in expressions of RARα and Src, but not that of of NR1. In mVAD neurons, however, overexpression of RARα did not induce an increase in NR1 expression, while silencing of RARα gene had no effect on Src and NR1 expressions. Furthermore, inhibition of Src was associated with a decrease in NR1 expression but not that of RARα. Prenatal mVAD was associated with impaired learning and memory in adult rats. It is possible that mVAD-related decrease in RARα led to a decrease in Src expression, which in turn down-regulated NR1 expression and Ca2+ influx and eventually caused learning and memory deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- Department of Primary Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, P.R. China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xingang Yuan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, P.R. China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Hua Wei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, P.R. China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, P.R. China; Clinical Psychology Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, P.R. China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, P.R. China; Children's Nutrition Research Center, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Tingyu Li
- Department of Primary Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, P.R. China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Yang Q, Song D, Qing H. Neural changes in Alzheimer's disease from circuit to molecule: Perspective of optogenetics. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 79:110-118. [PMID: 28522119 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), as a crucial neurodegenerative disorder, affects neural activities at many levels. Synaptic plasticity and neural circuits are most susceptible in AD, but the detailed mechanism is unclear. Optogenetic tools provide unprecedented spatio-temporal specificity to stimulate specific neural circuits or synaptic molecules to reveal the precise function of normal brain and mechanism of deficits in AD models. Furthermore, using optogenetics to stimulate neurons can rescue learning and memory loss caused by AD. It also has possibility to use light to control the Neurotransmitter receptors and their downstream signal pathway. These technical methods have broad therapeutic application prospect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinghu Yang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Da Song
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Hong Qing
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Kugathasan P, Waller J, Westrich L, Abdourahman A, Tamm JA, Pehrson AL, Dale E, Gulinello M, Sanchez C, Li Y. In vivo and in vitro effects of vortioxetine on molecules associated with neuroplasticity. J Psychopharmacol 2017; 31:365-376. [PMID: 27678087 DOI: 10.1177/0269881116667710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Neuroplasticity is fundamental for brain functions, abnormal changes of which are associated with mood disorders and cognitive impairment. Neuroplasticity can be affected by neuroactive medications and by aging. Vortioxetine, a multimodal antidepressant, has shown positive effects on cognitive functions in both pre-clinical and clinical studies. In rodent studies, vortioxetine increases glutamate neurotransmission, promotes dendritic branching and spine maturation, and elevates hippocampal expression of the activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc/Arg3.1) at the transcript level. The present study aims to assess the effects of vortioxetine on several neuroplasticity-related molecules in different experimental systems. Chronic (1 month) vortioxetine increased Arc/Arg3.1 protein levels in the cortical synaptosomes of young and middle-aged mice. In young mice, this was accompanied by an increase in actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin serine 3 phosphorylation without altering the total ADF/cofilin protein level, and an increase in the GluA1 subunit of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor phosphorylation at serine 845 (S845) without altering serine 831 (S831) GluA1 phosphorylation nor the total GluA1 protein level. Similar effects were detected in cultured rat hippocampal neurons: Acute vortioxetine increased S845 GluA1 phosphorylation without changing S831 GluA1 phosphorylation or the total GluA1 protein level. These changes were accompanied by an increase in α subunit of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase (CaMKIIα) phosphorylation (at threonine 286) without changing the total CaMKIIα protein level in cultured neurons. In addition, chronic (1 month) vortioxetine, but not fluoxetine, restored the age-associated reduction in Arc/Arg3.1 and c-Fos transcripts in the frontal cortex of middle-aged mice. Taken together, these results demonstrated that vortioxetine modulates molecular targets that are related to neuroplasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yan Li
- 1 Lundbeck Research, Paramus, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
A Novel Human CAMK2A Mutation Disrupts Dendritic Morphology and Synaptic Transmission, and Causes ASD-Related Behaviors. J Neurosci 2017; 37:2216-2233. [PMID: 28130356 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2068-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterizing the functional impact of novel mutations linked to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) provides a deeper mechanistic understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Here we show that a de novo Glu183 to Val (E183V) mutation in the CaMKIIα catalytic domain, identified in a proband diagnosed with ASD, decreases both CaMKIIα substrate phosphorylation and regulatory autophosphorylation, and that the mutated kinase acts in a dominant-negative manner to reduce CaMKIIα-WT autophosphorylation. The E183V mutation also reduces CaMKIIα binding to established ASD-linked proteins, such as Shank3 and subunits of l-type calcium channels and NMDA receptors, and increases CaMKIIα turnover in intact cells. In cultured neurons, the E183V mutation reduces CaMKIIα targeting to dendritic spines. Moreover, neuronal expression of CaMKIIα-E183V increases dendritic arborization and decreases both dendritic spine density and excitatory synaptic transmission. Mice with a knock-in CaMKIIα-E183V mutation have lower total forebrain CaMKIIα levels, with reduced targeting to synaptic subcellular fractions. The CaMKIIα-E183V mice also display aberrant behavioral phenotypes, including hyperactivity, social interaction deficits, and increased repetitive behaviors. Together, these data suggest that CaMKIIα plays a previously unappreciated role in ASD-related synaptic and behavioral phenotypes.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Many autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-linked mutations disrupt the function of synaptic proteins, but no single gene accounts for >1% of total ASD cases. The molecular networks and mechanisms that couple the primary deficits caused by these individual mutations to core behavioral symptoms of ASD remain poorly understood. Here, we provide the first characterization of a mutation in the gene encoding CaMKIIα linked to a specific neuropsychiatric disorder. Our findings demonstrate that this ASD-linked de novo CAMK2A mutation disrupts multiple CaMKII functions, induces synaptic deficits, and causes ASD-related behavioral alterations, providing novel insights into the synaptic mechanisms contributing to ASD.
Collapse
|
66
|
Tavalin SJ, Colbran RJ. CaMKII-mediated phosphorylation of GluN2B regulates recombinant NMDA receptor currents in a chloride-dependent manner. Mol Cell Neurosci 2016; 79:45-52. [PMID: 27998718 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Some forms of long-term synaptic plasticity require docking of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II α (CaMKIIα) to residues 1290-1309 within the intracellular C-terminal tail of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor GluN2B subunit. The phosphorylation of Ser1303 within this region destabilizes CaMKII binding. Interestingly, Ser1303 is a substrate for CaMKII itself, as well as PKC and DAPK1, but these kinases have been reported to have contradictory effects on the activity of GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors. Here, we re-assessed the effect of CaMKII on NMDA receptor desensitization in heterologous cells, as measured by the ratio of steady-state to peak currents induced during 3s agonist applications. CaMKIIα co-expression or infusion of constitutively active CaMKII limits the extent of desensitization and preserves current amplitude with repeated stimulation of recombinant GluN1A/GluN2B when examined using low intracellular chloride (Cl-) levels, characteristic of neurons beyond the first postnatal week. In contrast, CaMKIIα enhances the acute rate and extent of desensitization when intracellular Cl- concentrations are high. The apparent dependence of CaMKIIα effects on NMDA receptor desensitization on Cl- concentrations is consistent with the presence of a Ca2+-activated Cl- conductance endogenous to HEK 293 cells, which was confirmed by photolysis of caged-Ca2+. However, Ca2+-activated Cl- conductances are unaffected by CaMKIIα expression, indicating that CaMKII affects agonist-induced whole cell currents via modulation of the NMDA receptor. In support of this idea, CaMKIIα modulation of GluN2B-NMDA receptors is abrogated by the phospho-null mutation of Ser1303 in GluN2B to alanine and occluded by phospho-mimetic mutation of Ser1303 to aspartate regardless of intracellular Cl- concentration. Thus, CaMKII-mediated phosphorylation of GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors reduces desensitization at physiological (low) intracellular Cl-, perhaps serving as a feed-forward mechanism to sustain NMDA-mediated Ca2+ entry and continued CaMKII activation during learning and memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Tavalin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, United States.
| | - Roger J Colbran
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Brain Institute, and Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232-0615, United States
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Signaling pathways underlying the antidepressant-like effect of inosine in mice. Purinergic Signal 2016; 13:203-214. [PMID: 27966087 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-016-9551-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inosine is a purine nucleoside formed by the breakdown of adenosine that elicits an antidepressant-like effect in mice through activation of adenosine A1 and A2A receptors. However, the signaling pathways underlying this effect are largely unknown. To address this issue, the present study investigated the influence of extracellular-regulated protein kinase (ERK)1/2, Ca2+/calmoduline-dependent protein kinase (CaMKII), protein kinase A (PKA), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3β) modulation in the antiimmobility effect of inosine in the tail suspension test (TST) in mice. In addition, we attempted to verify if inosine treatment was capable of altering the immunocontent and phosphorylation of the transcription factor cyclic adenosine monophosphatate (cAMP) response-binding element protein (CREB) in mouse prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Intracerebroventricular administration of U0126 (5 μg/mouse, MEK1/2 inhibitor), KN-62 (1 μg/mouse, CaMKII inhibitor), H-89 (1 μg/mouse, PKA inhibitor), and wortmannin (0.1 μg/mouse, PI3K inhibitor) prevented the antiimmobility effect of inosine (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.)) in the TST. Also, administration of a sub-effective dose of inosine (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) in combination with a sub-effective dose of AR-A014418 (0.001 μg/mouse, GSK-3β inhibitor) induced a synergic antidepressant-like effect. None of the treatments altered locomotor activity of mice. Moreover, 24 h after a single administration of inosine (10 mg/kg, i.p.), CREB phosphorylation was increased in the hippocampus. Our findings provided new evidence that the antidepressant-like effect of inosine in the TST involves the activation of PKA, PI3K/Akt, ERK1/2, and CaMKII and the inhibition of GSK-3β. These results contribute to the comprehension of the mechanisms underlying the purinergic system modulation and indicate the intracellular signaling pathways involved in the antidepressant-like effect of inosine in a preclinical test of depression.
Collapse
|
68
|
Lopes MW, Leal RB, Guarnieri R, Schwarzbold ML, Hoeller A, Diaz AP, Boos GL, Lin K, Linhares MN, Nunes JC, Quevedo J, Bortolotto ZA, Markowitsch HJ, Lightman SL, Walz R. A single high dose of dexamethasone affects the phosphorylation state of glutamate AMPA receptors in the human limbic system. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e986. [PMID: 27959333 PMCID: PMC5290343 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GC) released during stress response exert feedforward effects in the whole brain, but particularly in the limbic circuits that modulates cognition, emotion and behavior. GC are the most commonly prescribed anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant medication worldwide and pharmacological GC treatment has been paralleled by the high incidence of acute and chronic neuropsychiatric side effects, which reinforces the brain sensitivity for GC. Synapses can be bi-directionally modifiable via potentiation (long-term potentiation, LTP) or depotentiation (long-term depression, LTD) of synaptic transmission efficacy, and the phosphorylation state of Ser831 and Ser845 sites, in the GluA1 subunit of the glutamate AMPA receptors, are a critical event for these synaptic neuroplasticity events. Through a quasi-randomized controlled study, we show that a single high dexamethasone dose significantly reduces in a dose-dependent manner the levels of GluA1-Ser831 phosphorylation in the amygdala resected during surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy. This is the first report demonstrating GC effects on key markers of synaptic neuroplasticity in the human limbic system. The results contribute to understanding how GC affects the human brain under physiologic and pharmacologic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M W Lopes
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Floranópolis, Brazil
| | - R B Leal
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Floranópolis, Brazil,Center for Applied Neuroscience, Hospital Universitário, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - R Guarnieri
- Center for Applied Neuroscience, Hospital Universitário, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil,Epilepsy Center of Santa Catarina, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil,Neurosurgery Unit, Governador Celso Ramos Hospital, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - M L Schwarzbold
- Center for Applied Neuroscience, Hospital Universitário, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil,Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - A Hoeller
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Floranópolis, Brazil
| | - A P Diaz
- Center for Applied Neuroscience, Hospital Universitário, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil,Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - G L Boos
- Anesthesiology Division, Hospital Governador Celso Ramos, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - K Lin
- Center for Applied Neuroscience, Hospital Universitário, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil,Epilepsy Center of Santa Catarina, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil,Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - M N Linhares
- Center for Applied Neuroscience, Hospital Universitário, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil,Neurosurgery Unit, Governador Celso Ramos Hospital, Florianópolis, Brazil,Department of Surgery, HU, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - J C Nunes
- Pathology Division, HU, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - J Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA,Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA,Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Z A Bortolotto
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil,Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - H J Markowitsch
- Physiological Psychology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - S L Lightman
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK,Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - R Walz
- Center for Applied Neuroscience, Hospital Universitário, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil,Epilepsy Center of Santa Catarina, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil,Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil,Departamento de Clínica Médica, 3 andar, Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis CEP 88.040-970, Brazil. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Bennett MR, Arnold J, Hatton SN, Lagopoulos J. Regulation of fear extinction by long-term depression: The roles of endocannabinoids and brain derived neurotrophic factor. Behav Brain Res 2016; 319:148-164. [PMID: 27867101 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The extinction of a conditioned fear response is of great interest in the search for a means of ameliorating adverse neurobiological changes resulting from stress. The discovery that endocannibinoid (EC) levels are inversely related to the extent of such stress, and that the amygdala is a primary site mediating stress, suggests that ECs in this brain region might play a major role in extinction. Supporting this are the observations that the basolateral complex of the amygdala shows an increase in ECs only during extinction and that early clinical trials indicate that cannabinoid-like agents, when taken orally by patients suffering from post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), reduce insomnia and nightmares. In order to optimize the potential of these agents to ameliorate symptoms of PTSD four important questions need to be answered: first, what is the identity of the cells that release ECs in the amygdala during extinction; second, what are their sites of action; third, what roles do the ECs play in the alleviation of long- depression (LTD), a process central to extinction; and finally, to what extent does brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) facilitate the release of ECs? A review of the relevant literature is presented in an attempt to answer these questions. It is suggested that the principal cell involved in EC synthesis and release during extinction is the so-called excitatory extinction neuron in the basal nucleus of the amygdala. Furthermore that the main site of action of the ECs is the adjacent calcitonin gene-related peptide inhibitory interneurons, whose normal role of blocking the excitatory neurons is greatly diminished. The molecular pathways leading (during extinction trials) to the synthesis and release of ECs from synaptic spines of extinction neurons, that is potentiated by BDNF, are also delineated in this review. Finally, consideration is given to how the autocrine action of BDNF, linked to the release of ECs, can lead to the sustained release of these, so maintaining extinction over long times.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell R Bennett
- The Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, 94 Mallett Street, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
| | - Jonathon Arnold
- The Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, 94 Mallett Street, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Sean N Hatton
- The Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, 94 Mallett Street, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Jim Lagopoulos
- The Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, 94 Mallett Street, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; The Sunshine Coast Mind and Neuroscience, Thompson Institute, The University of the Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Bermingham DP, Blakely RD. Kinase-dependent Regulation of Monoamine Neurotransmitter Transporters. Pharmacol Rev 2016; 68:888-953. [PMID: 27591044 PMCID: PMC5050440 DOI: 10.1124/pr.115.012260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulation of neurotransmission by the monoamines dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), and serotonin (5-HT) is critical for normal nervous system function. Precise temporal and spatial control of this signaling in mediated in large part by the actions of monoamine transporters (DAT, NET, and SERT, respectively). These transporters act to recapture their respective neurotransmitters after release, and disruption of clearance and reuptake has significant effects on physiology and behavior and has been linked to a number of neuropsychiatric disorders. To ensure adequate and dynamic control of these transporters, multiple modes of control have evolved to regulate their activity and trafficking. Central to many of these modes of control are the actions of protein kinases, whose actions can be direct or indirectly mediated by kinase-modulated protein interactions. Here, we summarize the current state of our understanding of how protein kinases regulate monoamine transporters through changes in activity, trafficking, phosphorylation state, and interacting partners. We highlight genetic, biochemical, and pharmacological evidence for kinase-linked control of DAT, NET, and SERT and, where applicable, provide evidence for endogenous activators of these pathways. We hope our discussion can lead to a more nuanced and integrated understanding of how neurotransmitter transporters are controlled and may contribute to disorders that feature perturbed monoamine signaling, with an ultimate goal of developing better therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Bermingham
- Department of Pharmacology (D.P.B., R.D.B.) and Psychiatry (R.D.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine and Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida (R.D.B.)
| | - Randy D Blakely
- Department of Pharmacology (D.P.B., R.D.B.) and Psychiatry (R.D.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine and Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida (R.D.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Dosemeci A, Weinberg RJ, Reese TS, Tao-Cheng JH. The Postsynaptic Density: There Is More than Meets the Eye. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2016; 8:23. [PMID: 27594834 PMCID: PMC4990544 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2016.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The postsynaptic density (PSD), apparent in electron micrographs as a dense lamina just beneath the postsynaptic membrane, includes a deeper layer, the “pallium”, containing a scaffold of Shank and Homer proteins. Though poorly defined in traditionally prepared thin-section electron micrographs, the pallium becomes denser and more conspicuous during intense synaptic activity, due to the reversible addition of CaMKII and other proteins. In this Perspective article, we review the significance of CaMKII-mediated recruitment of proteins to the pallium with respect to both the trafficking of receptors and the remodeling of spine shape that follow synaptic stimulation. We suggest that the level and duration of CaMKII translocation and activation in the pallium will shape activity-induced changes in the spine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Dosemeci
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH) Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard J Weinberg
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Thomas S Reese
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH) Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jung-Hwa Tao-Cheng
- Electron Microscopy Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH) Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Gajewski PA, Turecki G, Robison AJ. Differential Expression of FosB Proteins and Potential Target Genes in Select Brain Regions of Addiction and Depression Patients. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160355. [PMID: 27494187 PMCID: PMC4975388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to stress or drugs of abuse has been linked to altered gene expression throughout the body, and changes in gene expression in discrete brain regions are thought to underlie many psychiatric diseases, including major depressive disorder and drug addiction. Preclinical models of these disorders have provided evidence for mechanisms of this altered gene expression, including transcription factors, but evidence supporting a role for these factors in human patients has been slow to emerge. The transcription factor ΔFosB is induced in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HPC) of rodents in response to stress or cocaine, and its expression in these regions is thought to regulate their "top down" control of reward circuitry, including the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Here, we use biochemistry to examine the expression of the FosB family of transcription factors and their potential gene targets in PFC and HPC postmortem samples from depressed patients and cocaine addicts. We demonstrate that ΔFosB and other FosB isoforms are downregulated in the HPC but not the PFC in the brains of both depressed and addicted individuals. Further, we show that potential ΔFosB transcriptional targets, including GluA2, are also downregulated in the HPC but not PFC of cocaine addicts. Thus, we provide the first evidence of FosB gene expression in human HPC and PFC in these psychiatric disorders, and in light of recent findings demonstrating the critical role of HPC ΔFosB in rodent models of learning and memory, these data suggest that reduced ΔFosB in HPC could potentially underlie cognitive deficits accompanying chronic cocaine abuse or depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula A. Gajewski
- Genetics Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute and McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alfred J. Robison
- Genetics Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Waikakul W, Waikakul S. Pain Perception in Buddhism Perspective. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2016; 55:1336-1344. [PMID: 26112611 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-015-0080-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Dhamma, which Lord Buddha has presented to people after his enlightenment, analyzes every phenomenon and objects into their ultimate elements. The explanation of sensory system is also found in a part of Dhamma named Abhidhammapitaka, the Book of the Higher Doctrine in Buddhism. To find out the relationship between explanation of pain in the present neuroscience and the explanation of pain in Abhidhamma, the study was carried out by the use of a comprehensive review. The comparisons were in terms of peripheral stimulation, signal transmission, modulation, perception, suffering, determination and decision making for the responding to pain. We found that details of the explanation on pain mechanism and perception in Abhidhamma could associate well with our present scientific knowledge. Furthermore, more refinement information about the process and its function in particular aspects of pain perception were provided in Abhidhammapitaka.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waraporn Waikakul
- Pain Relief Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama 6 Road, Ratchathevi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Saranatra Waikakul
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Prannok Road, Bangkok Noi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Kim K, Saneyoshi T, Hosokawa T, Okamoto K, Hayashi Y. Interplay of enzymatic and structural functions of CaMKII in long-term potentiation. J Neurochem 2016; 139:959-972. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karam Kim
- Brain Science Institute; RIKEN; Wako Saitama Japan
| | | | | | - Kenichi Okamoto
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute; Mount Sinai Hospital; Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics; Faculty of Medicine; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Yasunori Hayashi
- Brain Science Institute; RIKEN; Wako Saitama Japan
- Saitama University Brain Science Institute; Saitama University; Saitama Japan
- School of Life Science; South China Normal University; Guangzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Barcomb K, Hell JW, Benke TA, Bayer KU. The CaMKII/GluN2B Protein Interaction Maintains Synaptic Strength. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:16082-9. [PMID: 27246855 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.734822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Learning, memory, and cognition are thought to require normal long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic strength, which in turn requires binding of the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) to the NMDA-type glutamate receptor (NMDAR) subunit GluN2B. For LTP induction, many additional required players are known. Here we tested the hypothesis that CaMKII/GluN2B binding also mediates the more elusive maintenance of synaptic strength. Intriguingly, the CaMKII inhibitor tatCN21 reduces synaptic strength only at high concentrations necessary for CaMKII/NMDAR disruption (20 μm) but not at lower concentrations sufficient for kinase inhibition (5 μm). However, increased concentration also causes unrelated effects. Thus, to distinguish between correlation and causality, we used a pharmacogenetic approach. In a mouse with a mutant NMDAR GluN2B subunit that is CaMKII binding-incompetent, any tatCN21 effects that are specific to the CaMKII/GluN2B interaction should be abolished, and any remaining tatCN21 effects have to be nonspecific (i.e. mediated by other targets). The results showed that the persistent reduction of synaptic strength by transient application of 20 μm tatCN21 had a nonspecific presynaptic component (on fiber volley amplitude) that was unrelated to the CaMKII/GluN2B interaction or CaMKII activity. However, the remaining component of the persistent tatCN21 effect was almost completely abolished in the GluN2B mutant mouse. These results highlight the requirement for stringent pharmacogenetic approaches to separate specific on-target effects from nonspecific off-target effects. Importantly, they also demonstrate that the CaMKII/GluN2B interaction is required not only for normal LTP induction but also for the maintenance of synaptic strength.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Johannes W Hell
- the Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Tim A Benke
- Pediatrics, Section of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045 and
| | | |
Collapse
|
76
|
Changes in synaptic plasticity and expression of glutamate receptor subunits in the CA1 and CA3 areas of the hippocampus after transient global ischemia. Neuroscience 2016; 327:64-78. [PMID: 27090818 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Excess glutamate release from the presynaptic membrane has been thought to be the major cause of ischemic neuronal death. Although both CA1 and CA3 pyramidal neurons receive presynaptic glutamate input, transient cerebral ischemia induces CA1 neurons to die while CA3 neurons remain relatively intact. This suggests that changes in the properties of pyramidal cells may be the main cause related to ischemic neuronal death. Our previous studies have shown that the densities of dendritic spines and asymmetric synapses in the CA1 area are increased at 12h and 24h after ischemia. In the present study, we investigated changes in synaptic structures in the CA3 area and compared the expression of glutamate receptors in the CA1 and CA3 hippocampal regions of rats after ischemia. Our results demonstrated that the NR2B/NR2A ratio became larger after ischemia although the expression of both the NR2B subunit (activation of apoptotic pathway) and NR2A subunit (activation of survival pathway) decreased in the CA1 area from 6h to 48h after reperfusion. Furthermore, expression of the GluR2 subunit (calcium impermeable) of the AMPA receptor class significantly decreased while the GluR1 subunit (calcium permeable) remained unchanged at the same examined reperfusion times, which subsequently caused an increase in the GluR1/GluR2 ratio. Despite these notable differences in subunit expression, there were no obvious changes in the density of synapses or expression of NMDAR and AMPAR subunits in the CA3 area after ischemia. These results suggest that delayed CA1 neuronal death may be related to the dramatic fluctuation in the synaptic structure and relative upregulation of NR2B and GluR1 subunits induced by transient global ischemia.
Collapse
|
77
|
Joffe ME, Vitter SR, Grueter BA. GluN1 deletions in D1- and A2A-expressing cell types reveal distinct modes of behavioral regulation. Neuropharmacology 2016; 112:172-180. [PMID: 27012890 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are profound regulators of glutamate neurotransmission and behavior. To coordinate components of the limbic system, the dorsal and ventral striatum integrate cognitive and emotional information towards the execution of complex behaviors. Striatal outflow is conveyed by medium spiny neurons (MSNs), which can be dichotomized by expression of dopamine receptor subtype 1 (D1) or adenosine receptor subtype 2A (A2A). To examine how striatal NMDAR function modulates reward-related behaviors, we generated D1- and A2A-specific genetic deletions of the obligatory GluN1 subunit. Interestingly, we observed no differences in any GluN1-/- genotype in reward learning as assessed by acquisition or extinction of cocaine conditioned place preference (CPP). Control and A2A-GluN-/- mice exhibited robust cocaine-primed reinstatement, however this behavior was markedly absent in D1-GluN-/- mice. Interestingly, dual D1-/A2A-GluN-/- mice displayed an intermediate reinstatement phenotype. Next, we examined models of exploration, anxiety, and despair, states often associated with relapse to addiction-related behavior, to determine NMDAR contribution in D1 and A2A cell types to these behaviors. D1-GluN1-/- mice displayed aberrant exploratory locomotion in a novel environment, but the phenotype was absent in dual D1/A2A-GluN1-/- mice. In contrast A2A-GluN1-/- mice displayed a despair-resistant phenotype, and this phenotype persisted in dual D1/A2A-GluN-/- mice. These data support the hypothesis that cell type-specific NMDAR signaling regulates separable behavioral outcomes related to locomotion, despair, and relapse. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Ionotropic glutamate receptors'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max E Joffe
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | | | - Brad A Grueter
- Dept. of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Dept. of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Dept. of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Nie J, Yang X. Modulation of Synaptic Plasticity by Exercise Training as a Basis for Ischemic Stroke Rehabilitation. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 37:5-16. [PMID: 26910247 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0348-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, rehabilitation of ischemic stroke draws more and more attention in the world, and has been linked to changes of synaptic plasticity. Exercise training improves motor function of ischemia as well as cognition which is associated with formation of learning and memory. The molecular basis of learning and memory might be synaptic plasticity. Research has therefore been conducted in an attempt to relate effects of exercise training to neuroprotection and neurogenesis adjacent to the ischemic injury brain. The present paper reviews the current literature addressing this question and discusses the possible mechanisms involved in modulation of synaptic plasticity by exercise training. This review shows the pathological process of synaptic dysfunction in ischemic roughly and then discusses the effects of exercise training on scaffold proteins and regulatory protein expression. The expression of scaffold proteins generally increased after training, but the effects on regulatory proteins were mixed. Moreover, the compositions of postsynaptic receptors were changed and the strength of synaptic transmission was enhanced after training. Finally, the recovery of cognition is critically associated with synaptic remodeling in an injured brain, and the remodeling occurs through a number of local regulations including mRNA translation, remodeling of cytoskeleton, and receptor trafficking into and out of the synapse. We do provide a comprehensive knowledge of synaptic plasticity enhancement obtained by exercise training in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Nie
- Department of Neurology, Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Xiang Ya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaosu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Xiang Ya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
|
80
|
Abstract
UNLABELLED The hippocampus (HPC) is known to play an important role in learning, a process dependent on synaptic plasticity; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this are poorly understood. ΔFosB is a transcription factor that is induced throughout the brain by chronic exposure to drugs, stress, and variety of other stimuli and regulates synaptic plasticity and behavior in other brain regions, including the nucleus accumbens. We show here that ΔFosB is also induced in HPC CA1 and DG subfields by spatial learning and novel environmental exposure. The goal of the current study was to examine the role of ΔFosB in hippocampal-dependent learning and memory and the structural plasticity of HPC synapses. Using viral-mediated gene transfer to silence ΔFosB transcriptional activity by expressing ΔJunD (a negative modulator of ΔFosB transcriptional function) or to overexpress ΔFosB, we demonstrate that HPC ΔFosB regulates learning and memory. Specifically, ΔJunD expression in HPC impaired learning and memory on a battery of hippocampal-dependent tasks in mice. Similarly, general ΔFosB overexpression also impaired learning. ΔJunD expression in HPC did not affect anxiety or natural reward, but ΔFosB overexpression induced anxiogenic behaviors, suggesting that ΔFosB may mediate attentional gating in addition to learning. Finally, we found that overexpression of ΔFosB increases immature dendritic spines on CA1 pyramidal cells, whereas ΔJunD reduced the number of immature and mature spine types, indicating that ΔFosB may exert its behavioral effects through modulation of HPC synaptic function. Together, these results suggest collectively that ΔFosB plays a significant role in HPC cellular morphology and HPC-dependent learning and memory. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Consolidation of our explicit memories occurs within the hippocampus, and it is in this brain region that the molecular and cellular processes of learning have been most closely studied. We know that connections between hippocampal neurons are formed, eliminated, enhanced, and weakened during learning, and we know that some stages of this process involve alterations in the transcription of specific genes. However, the specific transcription factors involved in this process are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that the transcription factor ΔFosB is induced in the hippocampus by learning, regulates the shape of hippocampal synapses, and is required for memory formation, opening up a host of new possibilities for hippocampal transcriptional regulation.
Collapse
|
81
|
Deutschenbaur L, Beck J, Kiyhankhadiv A, Mühlhauser M, Borgwardt S, Walter M, Hasler G, Sollberger D, Lang UE. Role of calcium, glutamate and NMDA in major depression and therapeutic application. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 64:325-33. [PMID: 25747801 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Major depression is a common, recurrent mental illness that affects millions of people worldwide. Recently, a unique fast neuroprotective and antidepressant treatment effect has been observed by ketamine, which acts via the glutamatergic system. Hence, a steady accumulation of evidence supporting a role for the excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter (EAA) glutamate in the treatment of depression has been observed in the last years. Emerging evidence indicates that N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonists and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) agonists have antidepressant properties. Indeed, treatment with NMDA receptor antagonists has shown the ability to sprout new synaptic connections and reverse stress-induced neuronal changes. Based on glutamatergic signaling, a number of therapeutic drugs might gain interest in the future. Several compounds such as ketamine, memantine, amantadine, tianeptine, pioglitazone, riluzole, lamotrigine, AZD6765, magnesium, zinc, guanosine, adenosine aniracetam, traxoprodil (CP-101,606), MK-0657, GLYX-13, NRX-1047, Ro25-6981, LY392098, LY341495, D-cycloserine, D-serine, dextromethorphan, sarcosine, scopolamine, pomaglumetad methionil, LY2140023, LY404039, MGS0039, MPEP, 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid, all of which target this system, have already been brought up, some of them recently. Drugs targeting the glutamatergic system might open up a promising new territory for the development of drugs to meet the needs of patients with major depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Deutschenbaur
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (UPK), University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Beck
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (UPK), University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Kiyhankhadiv
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (UPK), University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Mühlhauser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (UPK), University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (UPK), University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (UPK), University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Hasler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (UPK), University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Sollberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (UPK), University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Undine E Lang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (UPK), University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Guo W, Ceolin L, Collins KA, Perroy J, Huber KM. Elevated CaMKIIα and Hyperphosphorylation of Homer Mediate Circuit Dysfunction in a Fragile X Syndrome Mouse Model. Cell Rep 2015; 13:2297-311. [PMID: 26670047 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) function, as a result of disrupted scaffolding with its binding partner Homer, contributes to the pathophysiology of fragile X syndrome, a common inherited form of intellectual disability and autism caused by mutations in Fmr1. How loss of Fmr1 disrupts mGluR5-Homer scaffolds is unknown, and little is known about the dynamic regulation of mGluR5-Homer scaffolds in wild-type neurons. Here, we demonstrate that brief (minutes-long) elevations in neural activity cause CaMKIIα-mediated phosphorylation of long Homer proteins and dissociation from mGluR5 at synapses. In Fmr1 knockout (KO) cortex, Homers are hyperphosphorylated as a result of elevated CaMKIIα protein. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of CaMKIIα or replacement of Homers with dephosphomimetics restores mGluR5-Homer scaffolds and multiple Fmr1 KO phenotypes, including circuit hyperexcitability and/or seizures. This work links translational control of an FMRP target mRNA, CaMKIIα, to the molecular-, cellular-, and circuit-level brain dysfunction in a complex neurodevelopmental disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weirui Guo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Laura Ceolin
- CNRS, UMR-5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, 34000 Montpellier, France; INSERM, U1191, 34000 Montpellier, France; Universites de Montpellier 1 & 2, UMR-5203, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Katie A Collins
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Julie Perroy
- CNRS, UMR-5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, 34000 Montpellier, France; INSERM, U1191, 34000 Montpellier, France; Universites de Montpellier 1 & 2, UMR-5203, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Kimberly M Huber
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Kempf SJ, von Toerne C, Hauck SM, Atkinson MJ, Benotmane MA, Tapio S. Long-term consequences of in utero irradiated mice indicate proteomic changes in synaptic plasticity related signalling. Proteome Sci 2015; 13:26. [PMID: 26578848 PMCID: PMC4647474 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-015-0083-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The harmful consequences of in utero irradiation on learning and memory have been recognised but the molecular mechanisms behind the damage are still unknown. Results Using a mass spectrometry-based approach, we investigated the long-term changes in the global cortical and hippocampal proteome 6 months after 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 Gy in utero X-ray irradiation delivered on embryonic day 11 in male C57Bl/6 J offspring. We noted alterations in several signalling pathways involved in cognition, the transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) playing a central role. Immunoblotting of CREB and phosphorylated CREB (Ser133) showed an altered expression profile at all doses in the hippocampus and at 0.5 and 1.0 Gy in the cortex. The greatest reduction in the phospho-CREB level was seen at 1.0 Gy in the hippocampus. It was accompanied by enhanced expression of postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), suggesting effect on synaptic plasticity in neuronal dendrites. Conclusions As the CREB signalling pathway plays a crucial role in neuronal plasticity and long-term memory formation in the brain, the radiation-induced alterations of this pathway seen here are in good agreement with the cognitive dysfunction seen in in utero irradiated populations. These data contribute to a deeper biological understanding of molecular mechanisms behind the long-term damage induced by relatively low doses of ionising radiation during gestation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12953-015-0083-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan J Kempf
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany ; Present address: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christine von Toerne
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael J Atkinson
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany ; Chair of Radiation Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Soile Tapio
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Vieira MM, Schmidt J, Ferreira JS, She K, Oku S, Mele M, Santos AE, Duarte CB, Craig AM, Carvalho AL. Multiple domains in the C-terminus of NMDA receptor GluN2B subunit contribute to neuronal death following in vitro ischemia. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 89:223-34. [PMID: 26581639 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Global cerebral ischemia induces selective degeneration of specific subsets of neurons throughout the brain, particularly in the hippocampus and cortex. One of the major hallmarks of cerebral ischemia is excitotoxicity, characterized by overactivation of glutamate receptors leading to intracellular Ca(2+) overload and ultimately neuronal demise. N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are considered to be largely responsible for excitotoxic injury due to their high Ca(2+) permeability. In the hippocampus and cortex, these receptors are most prominently composed of combinations of two GluN1 subunits and two GluN2A and/or GluN2B subunits. Due to the controversy regarding the differential role of GluN2A and GluN2B subunits in excitotoxic cell death, we investigated the role of GluN2B in the activation of pro-death signaling following an in vitro model of global ischemia, oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD). For this purpose, we used GluN2B(-/-) mouse cortical cultures and observed that OGD-induced damage was reduced in these neurons, and partially prevented in wild-type rat neurons by a selective GluN2B antagonist. Notably, we found a crucial role of the C-terminal domain of the GluN2B subunit in triggering excitotoxic signaling. Indeed, expression of YFP-GluN2B C-terminus mutants for the binding sites to post-synaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), Ca(2+)-calmodulin kinase IIα (CaMKIIα) or clathrin adaptor protein 2 (AP2) failed to mediate neuronal death in OGD conditions. We focused on the GluN2B-CaMKIIα interaction and found a determinant role of this interaction in OGD-induced death. Inhibition or knock-down of CaMKIIα exerted a neuroprotective effect against OGD-induced death, whereas overexpression of this kinase had a detrimental effect. Importantly, in comparison with neurons overexpressing wild-type CaMKIIα, neurons overexpressing a mutant form of the kinase (CaMKII-I205K), unable to interact with GluN2B, were partially protected against OGD-induced damage. Taken together, our results identify crucial determinants in the C-terminal domain of GluN2B subunits in promoting neuronal death in ischemic conditions. These mechanisms underlie the divergent roles of the GluN2A- and GluN2B-NMDARs in determining neuronal fate in cerebral ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta M Vieira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jeannette Schmidt
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; PDBEB - Doctoral Program in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana S Ferreira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Kevin She
- Brain Research Centre and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shinichiro Oku
- Brain Research Centre and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Miranda Mele
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Armanda E Santos
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos B Duarte
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ann Marie Craig
- Brain Research Centre and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ana Luísa Carvalho
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Abstract
The human brain contains ~86 billion neurons, which are precisely organized in specific brain regions and nuclei. High fidelity synaptic communication between subsets of neurons in specific circuits is required for most human behaviors, and is often disrupted in neuropsychiatric disorders. The presynaptic axon terminals of one neuron release neurotransmitters that activate receptors on multiple postsynaptic neuron targets to induce electrical and chemical responses. Typically, postsynaptic neurons integrate signals from multiple presynaptic neurons at thousands of synaptic inputs to control downstream communication to the next neuron in the circuit. Importantly, the strength (or efficiency) of signal transmission at each synapse can be modulated on time scales ranging up to the lifetime of the organism. This "synaptic plasticity" leads to changes in overall neuronal circuit activity, resulting in behavioral modifications. This series of minireviews will focus on recent advances in our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that control synaptic plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger J Colbran
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, The Vanderbilt Brain Institute, and The Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Ataei N, Sabzghabaee AM, Movahedian A. Calcium/Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase II is a Ubiquitous Molecule in Human Long-term Memory Synaptic Plasticity: A Systematic Review. Int J Prev Med 2015; 6:88. [PMID: 26445635 PMCID: PMC4587077 DOI: 10.4103/2008-7802.164831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term memory is based on synaptic plasticity, a series of biochemical mechanisms include changes in structure and proteins of brain's neurons. In this article, we systematically reviewed the studies that indicate calcium/calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) is a ubiquitous molecule among different enzymes involved in human long-term memory and the main downstream signaling pathway of long-term memory. METHODS All of the observational, case-control and review studies were considered and evaluated by the search engines PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and ScienceDirect Scopus between 1990 and February 2015. We did not carry out meta-analysis. RESULTS At the first search, it was fined 1015 articles which included "synaptic plasticity" OR "neuronal plasticity" OR "synaptic density" AND memory AND "molecular mechanism" AND "calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II" OR CaMKII as the keywords. A total of 335 articles were duplicates in the databases and eliminated. A total of 680 title articles were evaluated. Finally, 40 articles were selected as reference. CONCLUSIONS The studies have shown the most important intracellular signal of long-term memory is calcium-dependent signals. Calcium linked calmodulin can activate CaMKII. After receiving information for learning and memory, CaMKII is activated by Glutamate, the most important neurotransmitter for memory-related plasticity. Glutamate activates CaMKII and it plays some important roles in synaptic plasticity modification and long-term memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Negar Ataei
- Student Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Sabzghabaee
- Isfahan Clinical Toxicology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Movahedian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Bian H, Yu LC. Intra-nucleus accumbens administration of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibitor AIP induced antinociception in rats with mononeuropathy. Neurosci Lett 2015; 599:129-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
88
|
Otmakhov N, Regmi S, Lisman JE. Fast Decay of CaMKII FRET Sensor Signal in Spines after LTP Induction Is Not Due to Its Dephosphorylation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130457. [PMID: 26086939 PMCID: PMC4472229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Because CaMKII is the critical Ca(2+) sensor that triggers long-term potentiation (LTP), understanding its activation and deactivation is important. A major advance has been the development of a FRET indicator of the conformational state of CaMKII called Camui. Experiments using Camui have demonstrated that the open (active) conformation increases during LTP induction and then decays in tens of seconds, with the major fast component decaying with a time-constant of ~ 6 sec (tau1). Because this decay is faster if autophosphorylation of T286 is prevented (the autophosphorylation prolongs activity by making the enzyme active even after Ca(2+) falls), it seemed likely that the fast decay is due to the T286 dephosphorylation. To test this interpretation, we studied the effect of phosphatase inhibitors on the single-spine Camui signal evoked by two-photon glutamate uncaging. We applied inhibitors of PP1 and PP2A, two phosphatases that are present at synapses and that have been shown to dephosphorylate CaMKII in vitro. The inhibitors increased the basal Camui activation state, indicating their effectiveness in cells. However, in no case did we find that tau1 was prolonged, contrary to what would be expected if the decay was phosphatase-dependent. This could either mean that decay was due to some unknown phosphatase or that the decay was not due to dephosphorylation. To distinguish between these possibilities, we expressed pseudo-phosphorylated Camui (T286D) (plus additional mutations [T/A] that prevented inhibitory 305/306 phosphorylation). This form had an elevated basal activation state, but was further activated during glutamate uncaging; importantly the activation state decayed with tau1 nearly the same as that of WT Camui. Therefore, the data strongly indicate that tau1 is not due to T286 dephosphorylation. We conclude that, although Camui is an excellent tool for observing CaMKII signaling, further experimentation is needed to determine how CaMKII is turned off by its dephosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Otmakhov
- Biology department, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, United States of America
| | - Shaurav Regmi
- Biology department, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, United States of America
| | - John E. Lisman
- Biology department, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Differential expression of CaMKII isoforms and overall kinase activity in rat dorsal root ganglia after injury. Neuroscience 2015; 300:116-27. [PMID: 25982557 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) decodes neuronal activity by translating cytoplasmic Ca(2+) signals into kinase activity that regulates neuronal functions including excitability, gene expression, and synaptic transmission. Four genes lead to developmental and differential expression of CaMKII isoforms (α, β, γ, δ). We determined mRNA levels of these isoforms in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of adult rats with and without nerve injury in order to determine if differential expression of CaMKII isoforms may contribute to functional differences that follow injury. DRG neurons express mRNA for all four isoforms, and the relative abundance of CaMKII isoforms was γ>α>β=δ, based on the CT values. Following ligation of the 5th lumbar (L5) spinal nerve (SNL), the β isoform did not change, but mRNA levels of both the γ and α isoforms were reduced in the directly injured L5 neurons, and the α isoform was reduced in L4 neurons, compared to their contemporary controls. In contrast, expression of the δ isoform mRNA increased in L5 neurons. CaMKII protein decreased following nerve injury in both L4 and L5 populations. Total CaMKII activity measured under saturating Ca(2+)/CaM conditions was decreased in both L4 and L5 populations, while autonomous CaMKII activity determined in the absence of Ca(2+) was selectively reduced in axotomized L5 neurons 21days after injury. Thus, loss of CaMKII signaling in sensory neurons after peripheral nerve injury may contribute to neuronal dysfunction and pain.
Collapse
|
90
|
Hoerndli FJ, Wang R, Mellem JE, Kallarackal A, Brockie PJ, Thacker C, Madsen DM, Maricq AV. Neuronal Activity and CaMKII Regulate Kinesin-Mediated Transport of Synaptic AMPARs. Neuron 2015; 86:457-74. [PMID: 25843407 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Excitatory glutamatergic synaptic transmission is critically dependent on maintaining an optimal number of postsynaptic AMPA receptors (AMPARs) at each synapse of a given neuron. Here, we show that presynaptic activity, postsynaptic potential, voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) and UNC-43, the C. elegans homolog of CaMKII, control synaptic strength by regulating motor-driven AMPAR transport. Genetic mutations in unc-43, or spatially and temporally restricted inactivation of UNC-43/CaMKII, revealed its essential roles in the transport of AMPARs from the cell body and in the insertion and removal of synaptic AMPARs. We found that an essential target of UNC-43/CaMKII is kinesin light chain and that mouse CaMKII rescued unc-43 mutants, suggesting conservation of function. Transient expression of UNC-43/CaMKII in adults rescued the transport defects, while optogenetic stimulation of select synapses revealed CaMKII's role in activity-dependent plasticity. Our results demonstrate unanticipated, fundamentally important roles for UNC-43/CaMKII in the regulation of synaptic strength.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric J Hoerndli
- Department of Biology and Center for Cell and Genome Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0840, USA
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Biology and Center for Cell and Genome Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0840, USA
| | - Jerry E Mellem
- Department of Biology and Center for Cell and Genome Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0840, USA
| | - Angy Kallarackal
- Department of Biology and Center for Cell and Genome Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0840, USA
| | - Penelope J Brockie
- Department of Biology and Center for Cell and Genome Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0840, USA
| | - Colin Thacker
- Department of Biology and Center for Cell and Genome Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0840, USA
| | - David M Madsen
- Department of Biology and Center for Cell and Genome Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0840, USA
| | - Andres V Maricq
- Department of Biology and Center for Cell and Genome Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0840, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Hunting increases phosphorylation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II in adult barn owls. Neural Plast 2015; 2015:819257. [PMID: 25789177 PMCID: PMC4348593 DOI: 10.1155/2015/819257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile barn owls readily adapt to prismatic spectacles, whereas adult owls living under standard aviary conditions do not. We previously demonstrated that phosphorylation of the cyclic-AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) provides a readout of the instructive signals that guide plasticity in juveniles. Here we investigated phosphorylation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (pCaMKII) in both juveniles and adults. In contrast to CREB, we found no differences in pCaMKII expression between prism-wearing and control juveniles within the external nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICX), the major site of plasticity. For prism-wearing adults that hunted live mice and are capable of adaptation, expression of pCaMKII was increased relative to prism-wearing adults that fed passively on dead mice and are not capable of adaptation. This effect did not bear the hallmarks of instructive information: it was not localized to rostral ICX and did not exhibit a patchy distribution reflecting discrete bimodal stimuli. These data are consistent with a role for CaMKII as a permissive rather than an instructive factor. In addition, the paucity of pCaMKII expression in passively fed adults suggests that the permissive default setting is "off" in adults.
Collapse
|
92
|
Possible interaction of hippocampal nitric oxide and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II on reversal of spatial memory impairment induced by morphine. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 751:99-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
93
|
Capurro A, Bodea LG, Schaefer P, Luthi-Carter R, Perreau VM. Computational deconvolution of genome wide expression data from Parkinson's and Huntington's disease brain tissues using population-specific expression analysis. Front Neurosci 2015; 8:441. [PMID: 25620908 PMCID: PMC4288238 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The characterization of molecular changes in diseased tissues gives insight into pathophysiological mechanisms and is important for therapeutic development. Genome-wide gene expression analysis has proven valuable for identifying biological processes in neurodegenerative diseases using post mortem human brain tissue and numerous datasets are publically available. However, many studies utilize heterogeneous tissue samples consisting of multiple cell types, all of which contribute to global gene expression values, confounding biological interpretation of the data. In particular, changes in numbers of neuronal and glial cells occurring in neurodegeneration confound transcriptomic analyses, particularly in human brain tissues where sample availability and controls are limited. To identify cell specific gene expression changes in neurodegenerative disease, we have applied our recently published computational deconvolution method, population specific expression analysis (PSEA). PSEA estimates cell-type-specific expression values using reference expression measures, which in the case of brain tissue comprises mRNAs with cell-type-specific expression in neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia. As an exercise in PSEA implementation and hypothesis development regarding neurodegenerative diseases, we applied PSEA to Parkinson's and Huntington's disease (PD, HD) datasets. Genes identified as differentially expressed in substantia nigra pars compacta neurons by PSEA were validated using external laser capture microdissection data. Network analysis and Annotation Clustering (DAVID) identified molecular processes implicated by differential gene expression in specific cell types. The results of these analyses provided new insights into the implementation of PSEA in brain tissues and additional refinement of molecular signatures in human HD and PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Capurro
- Department of Cell Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Leicester Leicester, UK
| | - Liviu-Gabriel Bodea
- Neural Regeneration Unit, Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Bonn, Germany ; Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Ruth Luthi-Carter
- Department of Cell Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Leicester Leicester, UK
| | - Victoria M Perreau
- The Bioinformatics Core and The Synaptic Neurobiology Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health Parkville, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Multiple cellular cascades participate in long-term potentiation and in hippocampus-dependent learning. Brain Res 2014; 1621:73-81. [PMID: 25482663 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery by Bliss and Lomo, the phenomenon of long-term potentiation (LTP) has been extensively studied, as it was viewed as a potential cellular mechanism of learning and memory. Over the years, many signaling cascades have been implicated in its induction, consolidation and maintenance, raising questions regarding its real significance. Here, we review several of the most commonly studie signaling cascades and discuss how they converge on a common set of mechanisms likely to be involved in the maintenance of LTP. We further argue that the existence of cross-talks between these different signaling cascades can not only account for several discrepancies in the literature, but also account for the existence of different forms of LTP, which can be engaged by different types of stimulus parameters under different experimental conditions. Finally, we discuss how the understanding of the diversity of LTP mechanisms can help us understand the diversity of the types of learning and memory. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Brain and Memory.
Collapse
|
95
|
Moderate Treadmill Exercise Protects Synaptic Plasticity of the Dentate Gyrus and Related Signaling Cascade in a Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 52:1067-1076. [PMID: 25288155 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8916-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus is known to be more resistant to the effects of various external factors than other hippocampal areas. This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of moderate treadmill exercise on early-phase long-term potentiation (E-LTP) and its molecular signaling pathways in the DG of amyloid β rat model of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). Animals were preconditioned to run on treadmill for 4 weeks and concurrently received ICV infusion of Aβ₁₋₄₂ peptides (250 pmol/day) during the third and fourth weeks of exercise training. We utilized in vivo electrophysiological recordings to assess the effect of exercise and/or AD pathology on basal synaptic transmission and E-LTP magnitude of the perforant pathway synapses in urethane-anesthetized rats. Immunoblotting analysis was used to quantify changes in the levels of learning and memory-related key signaling molecules. The AD-impaired basal synaptic transmission and suppression of E-LTP in the DG were prevented by prior moderate treadmill exercise. In addition, exercise normalized the basal levels of memory and E-LTP-related signaling molecules including Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), calcineurin (PP2B), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Exercise also prevented the reduction of phosphorylated CaMKII and aberrant increase of PP2B seen after E-LTP induction in amyloid-infused rats. Our data suggests that by restoring the balance of kinase-phosphatase, 4 weeks of moderate treadmill exercise prevents DG synaptic deficits and deleterious alterations in signaling pathways associated with AD.
Collapse
|
96
|
Maggio N, Vlachos A. Synaptic plasticity at the interface of health and disease: New insights on the role of endoplasmic reticulum intracellular calcium stores. Neuroscience 2014; 281:135-46. [PMID: 25264032 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Work from the past 40years has unraveled a wealth of information on the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic plasticity and their relevance in physiological brain function. At the same time, it has been recognized that a broad range of neurological diseases may be accompanied by severe alterations in synaptic plasticity, i.e., 'maladaptive synaptic plasticity', which could initiate and sustain the remodeling of neuronal networks under pathological conditions. Nonetheless, our current knowledge on the specific contribution and interaction of distinct forms of synaptic plasticity (including metaplasticity and homeostatic plasticity) in the context of pathological brain states remains limited. This review focuses on recent experimental evidence, which highlights the fundamental role of endoplasmic reticulum-mediated Ca(2+) signals in modulating the duration, direction, extent and type of synaptic plasticity. We discuss the possibility that intracellular Ca(2+) stores may regulate synaptic plasticity and hence behavioral and cognitive functions at the interface between physiology and pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Maggio
- Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, 52621 Tel HaShomer, Israel
| | - A Vlachos
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Zhao F, Qu Y, Liu H, Du B, Mu D. Umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells co-modified by TERT and BDNF: a novel neuroprotective therapy for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Int J Dev Neurosci 2014; 38:147-54. [PMID: 24999119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD), a leading cause of perinatal disability and death, has limited therapeutic options. Stem cell therapy has been demonstrated as a potential novel therapy for neurological disorders. Compared with other types of stem cells, umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSCs) have several unique characteristics, such as a higher rate of cell proliferation and clonality. However, the limited life span of UCB-MSCs hinders their clinical application. Therefore, efforts are urgently needed to circumvent this disadvantage. Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), which promotes cell proliferation and survival, plays a protective role in hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury. Thus, it is reasonable to propose that UCB-MSCs modified by exogenous TERT expression might have a longer lifespan and increased viability. Moreover, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophin that regulates development, regeneration, survival and maintenance of neurons, facilitates post-injury recovery when administered by infusion or virus-mediated delivery. Therefore, TERT- and BDNF-modified UCB-MSCs may have a longer lifespan and also maintain neural differentiation, thus promoting the recovery of neurological function following hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) and thereby representing a new effective strategy for HIBD in neonates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengyan Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Haiting Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Baowen Du
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dezhi Mu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Cardiac functions of voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels: role of the pharmacoresistant type (E-/R-Type) in cardiac modulation and putative implication in sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 167:115-39. [PMID: 25280639 DOI: 10.1007/112_2014_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels (VGCCs) are ubiquitous in excitable cells. These channels play key roles in many physiological events like cardiac regulation/pacemaker activity due to intracellular Ca(2+) transients. In the myocardium, the Cav1 subfamily (L-type: Cav1.2 and Cav1.3) is the main contributor to excitation-contraction coupling and/or pacemaking, whereas the Cav3 subfamily (T-type: Cav3.1 and Cav3.2) is important in rhythmically firing of the cardiac nodal cells. No established cardiac function has been attributed to the Cav2 family (E-/R-type: Cav2.3) despite accumulating evidence of cardiac dysregulation observed upon deletion of the Cav2.3 gene, the only member of this family so far detected in cardiomyocytes. In this review, we summarize the pathophysiological changes observed after ablation of the E-/R-type VGCC and propose a cardiac mechanism of action for this channel. Also, considering the role played by this channel in epilepsy and its reported sensitivity to antiepileptic drugs, a putative involvement of this channel in the cardiac mechanism of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy is also discussed.
Collapse
|