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Rieker JA, Reales JM, Muiños M, Ballesteros S. The Effects of Combined Cognitive-Physical Interventions on Cognitive Functioning in Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Multilevel Meta-Analysis. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:838968. [PMID: 35399365 PMCID: PMC8987130 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.838968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Research has shown that both physical exercise and cognitive training help to maintain cognition in older adults. The question is whether combined training might produce additive effects when the group comparisons are equated in terms of exercise intensity and modality. We conducted a systematic electronic search in MEDLINE, PsycInfo, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases to identify relevant studies published up to February 2021. Seven hundred and eighty-three effect sizes were obtained from 50 published intervention studies, involving 6,164 healthy older adults, and submitted to a three-level meta-analysis. Results showed that combined training produced a small advantage in comparison to single cognitive training on executive functions, whereas both types of training achieved similar effects on attention, memory, language, processing speed, and global cognition. Combined training achieved higher training gains in balance than single physical training, indicating a transfer from cognitive training to balance. Performing cognitive and physical exercise simultaneously, and interactive training (e.g., exergames, square stepping) produced the largest gains in executive functions, speed, and global cognition, as well as the largest improvements in physical functions. Aerobic training was associated with higher effects in attention and fitness, whereas non-aerobic training produced larger effects in global cognition and balance. For all cognitive and physical outcomes, training resulted more advantageous when performed in a social context, even though individual training obtained similar results in balance as group training.Systematic Review Registration:www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier: CRD42020175632.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Rieker
- Studies on Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Reales
- Studies on Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Muiños
- Studies on Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Internacional de Valencia (VIU), Valencia, Spain
| | - Soledad Ballesteros
- Studies on Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Soledad Ballesteros
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Pennington DL, Reavis JV, Cano MT, Walker E, Batki SL. The Impact of Exercise and Virtual Reality Executive Function Training on Cognition Among Heavy Drinking Veterans With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Pilot Feasibility Study. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:802711. [PMID: 35391785 PMCID: PMC8981916 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.802711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Executive function (EF) underlies self-control deficits in alcohol use disorder (AUD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Cognitive training is a promising adjunctive treatment targeting TBI- and AUD- related cognitive dysfunction. However, major limitations related to compliance and generalizability in the field of cognitive training exist. Physical activity is associated with enhanced cognitive performance across several executive functions and may enhance the benefits of cognitive training. Virtual reality provides multisensory embodied experiences which are likely to engage brain networks more efficiently than standard cognitive training systems, ultimately resulting in greater near- and far-transfer effects. This pilot study aimed to obtain feasibility data and a preliminary assessment of an enriched virtual reality (VR) EF training (EFT) intervention combined with exercise (NCT03786276). Using an 8-week randomized adaptive design study, 30 AUD treatment seeking U.S. Veterans completed nine sessions of exercise-only (n = 15) or gameplay control (n = 15) over 3 weeks, followed by a week-4 repeat assessment in Phase 1. Twenty-three participants completed and moved onto Phase II, where they completed up to nine sessions of VR-EFT plus exercise and completed a week-8 end-of-study assessment. Primary outcomes included feasibility to retain participants, usability, and satisfaction of using VR-EFT. Secondary and exploratory outcomes included within group assessment of change in cognitive function, alcohol use, alcohol craving, and post-concussive symptoms among the three treatment conditions.VR-EFT was feasible with moderate usability and high acceptability ratings.The most common VR-related adverse effect was motion sickness (n = 2/16, 12.5%). The VR-EFT condition was associated with significant improvement in inhibition-switching and visual scanning (both p < 0.05) during Phase II. Exercise-only was associated with significant improvements in cognitive inhibition, cognitive flexibility, reductions in alcohol craving, and number of standard alcohol drinks per week (all p ≤ 0.05). The gaming-control condition was associated with improvement in cognitive flexibility and visuospatial immediate recall (both p < 0.05) during Phase 1. Recruitment and retention of U.S. veterans with AUD and TBI into an exercise plus VR-EFT intervention is feasible, but technological barriers may impact usability. VR-EFT was associated with improvement in executive function domains that were targeted in as little as 3-week and nine sessions of VR-EFT exposure. Results are promising and indicate the need for a larger controlled investigation to assess the efficacy of VR-EFT to enhance treatment outcomes among AUD treatment-seeking U.S. veterans with co-occurring AUD and TBI. Clinical Trial Registration www.ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier: NCT03786276.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L. Pennington
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System (SFVAHCS), San Francisco, CA, United States
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education (NCIRE), San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jill V. Reavis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System (SFVAHCS), San Francisco, CA, United States
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education (NCIRE), San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Monique T. Cano
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System (SFVAHCS), San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Erica Walker
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System (SFVAHCS), San Francisco, CA, United States
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education (NCIRE), San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Steven L. Batki
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System (SFVAHCS), San Francisco, CA, United States
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education (NCIRE), San Francisco, CA, United States
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Chuang IC, Liao WW, Wu CY, Yeh TT, Chen CL, Lin CH, Huang TH, Pei YC. Baseline Global Cognitive Function Affects Cognitive and Functional Outcomes of Combined Physical and Cognitive Training Among Older Adults With Cognitive Decline. Am J Occup Ther 2022; 76:23214. [PMID: 35201299 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2022.042218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Baseline global cognitive function may affect cognitive and functional outcomes during combined physical and cognitive training; however, how it influences the effects of combined training remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of baseline global cognitive function on cognitive and functional outcomes after combined physical and cognitive training among older adults with cognitive decline. DESIGN Observational. SETTING Local communities and senior centers. PARTICIPANTS Older adults with mild cognitive decline (MCD; n = 51) and moderate to severe cognitive decline (MSCD; n = 40). INTERVENTION Participants received 45 to 55 min of physical exercise training followed by 45 to 55 min of cognitive training in one session per week for 12 wk. Outcomes and Measures: Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Lawton-Brody Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (Lawton-Brody IADL), Word Recall Test (WRT), Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT), Digital Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), and Trail Making Test (TMT) scores were assessed and compared between the MCD and MSCD groups. RESULTS Significant interaction effects were found for the WRT, SCWT, MoCA, and Lawton-Brody IADL. WRT and SCWT scores significantly improved in the MCD group, whereas MoCA and Lawton-Brody IADL scores significantly improved in the MSCD group. DSST scores increased among all participants, but TMT scores improved only in the MCD group. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Older adults' baseline global cognitive function affected cognitive and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) outcomes regarding combined training. High-level cognitive function, including inhibition and shifting abilities and working memory capacity, improved among older adults with MCD, whereas general cognitive function and IADLs improved among older adults with MSCD. What This Article Adds: Findings revealed domain-specific changes with respect to baseline cognitive function, which may help to refine current combined training protocols and facilitate development of personalized combined training programs for older adults with cognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ching Chuang
- I-Ching Chuang, PhD, is Assistant Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, and Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, and Assistant Research Fellow, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Wen Liao
- Wan-Wen Liao, PhD, is Assistant Professor, Department of Gerontological Health Care, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Wu
- Ching-Yi Wu, ScD, OTR, is Professor and Chair, Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, and Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, and Research Fellow, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan;
| | - Ting-Ting Yeh
- Ting-Ting Yeh, PhD, is Assistant Professor, Master's Degree Program in Healthcare Industry, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Chen
- Chia-Ling Chen, MD, PhD, is Attending Doctor, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan, and Professor and Chair, Graduate Institute of Early Intervention, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hao Lin
- Chung-Hao, MD, is Attending Doctor, Department of Internal Medicine, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan, and Attending Doctor, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsin Huang
- Tzu-Hsin Huang, MS, is Director, Department of Nursing, Taoyuan Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Pei
- Yu-Cheng Pei, MD, PhD, is Professor, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, and Director, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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O'Donoghue M, Leahy S, Boland P, Galvin R, McManus J, Hayes S. Rehabilitation of Cognitive Deficits Poststroke: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Stroke 2022; 53:1700-1710. [PMID: 35109684 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.121.034218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the prevalence of cognitive impairment poststroke, there is uncertainty regarding interventions to improve cognitive function poststroke. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluate the effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions across multiple domains of cognitive function. METHODS Five databases were searched from inception to August 2019. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials of rehabilitation interventions for people with stroke when compared with other active interventions or standard care where cognitive function was an outcome. RESULTS Sixty-four randomized controlled trials (n=4005 participants) were included. Multiple component interventions improved general cognitive functioning (MD, 1.56 [95% CI, 0.69-2.43]) and memory (standardized MD, 0.49 [95% CI, 0.27-0.72]) compared with standard care. Physical activity interventions improved neglect (MD, 13.99 [95% CI, 12.67-15.32]) and balance (MD, 2.97 [95% CI, 0.71-5.23]) compared with active controls. Noninvasive brain stimulation impacted neglect (MD, 20.79 [95% CI, 14.53-27.04) and functional status (MD, 14.02 [95% CI, 8.41-19.62]) compared with active controls. Neither cognitive rehabilitation (MD, 0.37 [95% CI, -0.94 to 1.69]) nor occupational-based interventions (MD, 0.45 [95% CI, -1.33 to 2.23]) had a significant effect on cognitive function compared with standard care. CONCLUSIONS There is some evidence to support multiple component interventions, physical activity interventions, and noninvasive brain stimulation improving cognitive function poststroke. Findings must be interpreted with caution given the overall moderate to high risk of bias, heterogeneity of interventions, and outcome measures across studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairead O'Donoghue
- School of Allied Health, Ageing Research Centre, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland (M.O.D., S.L., P.B., R.G., S.H.)
| | - Siobhan Leahy
- School of Allied Health, Ageing Research Centre, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland (M.O.D., S.L., P.B., R.G., S.H.)
| | - Pauline Boland
- School of Allied Health, Ageing Research Centre, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland (M.O.D., S.L., P.B., R.G., S.H.)
| | - Rose Galvin
- School of Allied Health, Ageing Research Centre, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland (M.O.D., S.L., P.B., R.G., S.H.)
| | - John McManus
- Geriatric and Stroke Medicine, University Hospital Limerick, Ireland (J.M.)
| | - Sara Hayes
- School of Allied Health, Ageing Research Centre, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland (M.O.D., S.L., P.B., R.G., S.H.)
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Modifiable lifestyle factors and cognitive reserve: A systematic review of current evidence. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 74:101551. [PMID: 34952208 PMCID: PMC8794051 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review aims to summarize cognitive reserve (CR) evaluation approaches and to examine the role of seven selected modifiable lifestyle factors (diet, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, cognitive leisure activity, sleep, and meditation) in mitigating the impacts of age- or disease-related brain changes on cognition. Eighteen population-based English empirical studies were included. We summarize the study designs and identify three CR models that were broadly used in these studies, including a residual model assessing lifestyle factors in relation to unexplained variance in cognition after accounting for brain markers, a moderation model testing whether lifestyle factors moderate the relationship between brain status and cognition, and a controlling model examining the associations between lifestyle factors and cognition when controlling for brain measures. We also present the findings for the impact of each lifestyle factor. No studies examined diet, sleep, or meditation, and only two studies focused on smoking and alcohol consumption each. Overall, the studies suggest lifestyle activity factors (physical and cognitive leisure activities) may contribute to CR and attenuate the damaging impact of brain changes on cognition. Standardized measurements of lifestyle factors and CR are needed, and mechanisms underlying CR need to be further addressed as well.
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Torre MM, Temprado JJ. A Review of Combined Training Studies in Older Adults According to a New Categorization of Conventional Interventions. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:808539. [PMID: 35177975 PMCID: PMC8844451 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.808539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical and cognitive training are effective to attenuate age-related declines of brain and cognition. Accordingly, interest in interventions that combine physical, motor, and cognitive exercises has recently grown. In the present review, we aimed to determine whether and under which conditions combined training could be more effective than separated cognitive and physical training, thanks to a structured framework build around seven interacting constructs (stimuli, settings, targets, markers, outcomes, moderators, and mechanisms), which collectively afford a global picture of the determining factors of combined training. We concluded that the general principles underlying the effectiveness of combined training were still difficult identify, due to the heterogeneity of the available studies. However, our analysis also suggested that, when they are well-designed and well-conducted, combined training interventions are more effective than separated physical and cognitive training to improve brain and cognition in older adults. Also, we identified still not answered questions, which could be addressed in futures studies. Finally, we showed that the new categorization of combined training could be also applied to review the literature on training with exergames.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Maria Torre
- Institut des Sciences du Mouvement, ISM UMR 7287, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
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The effect of combined cognitive intervention and physical exercise on cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Aging Clin Exp Res 2022; 34:261-276. [PMID: 34383248 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-021-01877-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The state of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) provides an optimal window for preventing progression to dementia. Combined cognitive intervention and physical exercise may yield additive and synergistic effects on cognition in older adults with MCI. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of a combined intervention to improve cognition in older adults with MCI by comparing a control group that underwent only cognitive intervention, a control group that underwent only physical exercise, and a control group that did not undergo cognitive intervention or physical exercise. DESIGN Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). DATA SOURCES The online databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, and CINAHL were systematically searched. REVIEW METHODS The outcomes were global cognition, memory, and executive function/attention. A sensitivity analysis was conducted when the I2 statistic was > 50%. RESULTS A total of 16 studies were included. The results showed that the combined intervention had positive effects on global cognition compared to the effects of the other control group [SMD = 0.27, 95% CI (0.09, 0.44), p = 0.003]. Regarding memory, the combined intervention had positive effects compared to the effects observed in the single physical exercise group [SMD = 0.25, 95% CI (0.07, 0.44), p = 0.006] and the other control group [SMD = 0.29, 95% CI (0.12, 0.47), p = 0.001]. For executive function/attention, the combined intervention had also positive effects compared to the effects of the single cognitive intervention group [SMD = 0.28, 95% CI (0.09, 0.47), p = 0.004], the single physical exercise group [SMD = 0.32, 95% CI (0.16, 0.49), p = 0.0002], and the other control group [SMD = 0.23, 95% CI (0.05, 0.41), p = 0.01]. CONCLUSIONS The combined intervention resulted in cognitive benefits in older adults with MCI and exhibited limited superiority over the single cognitive intervention and the single physical exercise on cognitive subdomains.
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58
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Law LLF, Mok VCT, Yau MKS, Fong KNK. Effects of functional task exercise on everyday problem-solving ability and functional status in older adults with mild cognitive impairment-a randomised controlled trial. Age Ageing 2022; 51:6399890. [PMID: 34673918 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afab210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of functional task exercise on everyday problem-solving ability and functional status in older adults with mild cognitive impairment compared to single exercise or cognitive training and no treatment control. DESIGN A single-blind, four-arm randomised controlled trial. SETTING Out-patient clinic and community centre. PARTICIPANTS Older adults with mild cognitive impairment aged ≥60 living in community. METHODS Participants (N = 145) were randomised to 8-week functional task exercise (N = 34), cognitive training (N = 38), exercise training (N = 37), or wait-list control (N = 36) group. Outcomes measures: Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination, Category Verbal Fluency Test, Trail Making Test, Problems in Everyday Living Test, Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale; Chair stand test, Berg Balance Scale, and Short Form-12 Health Survey were conducted at baseline, post-intervention and 5-months follow-up. RESULTS Post-intervention results of ANCOVA revealed cognitive training improved everyday problem-solving (P = 0.012) and exercise training improved functional status (P = 0.003) compared to wait-list control. Functional task exercise group demonstrated highest improvement compared to cognitive training, exercise training and wait-list control groups in executive function (P range = 0.003-0.018); everyday problem-solving (P < 0.001); functional status (P range = <.001-0.002); and physical performance (P = 0.008) at post-intervention, with all remained significant at 5-month follow-up, and further significant improvement in mental well-being (P = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS Functional task exercise could be an effective intervention to improve everyday problem-solving ability and functional status in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. The findings support combining cognitive and exercise intervention may give additive and even synergistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawla L F Law
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Tung Wah College, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Vincent C T Mok
- Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Centre for Prevention of Dementia, Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Matthew K S Yau
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Tung Wah College, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Kenneth N K Fong
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR
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Effects of Combined Cognitive and Exercise Interventions on Poststroke Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:4558279. [PMID: 34840972 PMCID: PMC8612794 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4558279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective We investigated combined cognitive and exercise interventions in the literature and summarized their effectiveness in improving poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI). Data Sources. Electronic databases and trial registries were searched from their inception until July 2020. Study Selection. Trials were collected with the following study inclusion criteria: (1) patients over 18 years of age who were diagnosed with PSCI; (2) combined cognitive-exercise interventions, regardless of the order of the two types of interventions or whether they were administered simultaneously; (3) any control group studied at the same time that was deemed acceptable, including no intervention/routine care, delayed intervention, sham intervention, and passive training; (4) the use of any validated cognitive neuropsychological test to evaluate cognitive function; and (5) clinically administered random trials with controls. Data Extraction. Five randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria. Two reviewers independently assessed the eligibility of the full texts and methodological quality of the included studies using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Inconsistent results were resolved by additional discussion or decided by a third examiner, if necessary. Data Analysis. Meta-analysis demonstrated that the combined interventions had a significant effect on executive function and working memory [Stroop test (time), standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.42, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.80–0.04, p = 0.02; Trail Making Test, SMD = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.82–0.16, p = 0.004; Forward Digit Span Test, SMD = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.54–1.29, p ≤ 0.001]. While it was impossible to conduct a meta-analysis of global cognitive function and other cognitive domains, individual experiments demonstrated that the combined interventions played a significant role in global cognition, reasoning ability, logical thinking, and visual-spatial memory function. Conclusions Our analyses demonstrated that the combined interventions had a significant effect on the improvement of PSCI, particularly in terms of executive function. However, the moderate risk of bias in the included trials and the small number of relevant studies indicated a need for more uniform diagnostic and evaluation criteria, and larger trials would provide stronger evidence to better understand the effectiveness of the combined interventions. This trial is registered with trial registration number INPLASY202160090.
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Huber SK, Knols RH, Arnet P, de Bruin ED. Motor-cognitive intervention concepts can improve gait in chronic stroke, but their effect on cognitive functions is unclear: A systematic review with meta-analyses. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 132:818-837. [PMID: 34815131 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Motor-cognitive intervention concepts are promising to counteract residual gait and cognitive impairments in chronic stroke. There is, however, considerable variation in motor-cognitive intervention types, which may lead to different effects. This systematic review strived to summarize and compare the effects of different motor-cognitive intervention concepts on gait and cognitive functions in chronic stroke. The systematic search identified twenty-nine articles, which were allocated to three types of motor-cognitive training concepts; SEQUENTIAL, SIMULTANEOUS-ADDITIONAL, and SIMULTANEOUS-INCORPORATED. Random-effects meta-analyses revealed that motor-cognitive interventions may be better than non-combined training approaches for improving gait function in chronic stroke (e.g. gait speed: g = 0.43, 95 % CI [0.22, 0.64], p < 0.0001). SIMULTANEOUS-INCORPORATED motor-cognitive training seems the most promising concept. As very few articles measured both, spatiotemporal gait parameters and cognitive outcomes, future studies are warranted to investigate the effects of motor-cognitive intervention concepts on gait control and cognitive functions in chronic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone K Huber
- Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy Research Center, Directorate of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Ruud H Knols
- Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy Research Center, Directorate of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Physiotherapy Occupational Therapy, Nursing and Allied Health Professions Office, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Arnet
- Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy Research Center, Directorate of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eling D de Bruin
- Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; OST - Eastern Swiss University of Applied Sciences, Department of Health, St.Gallen, Switzerland
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Binarelli G, Joly F, Tron L, Lefevre Arbogast S, Lange M. Management of Cancer-Related Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review of Computerized Cognitive Stimulation and Computerized Physical Activity. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5161. [PMID: 34680310 PMCID: PMC8534081 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) occurs frequently in patients living with cancer, with consequences on quality of life. Recently, research on the management of these difficulties has focused on computerized cognitive stimulation and computerized physical activity programs. This systematic review presents the state of knowledge about interventions based on computerized-cognitive stimulation and/or physical activity to reduce CRCI. The review followed the PRISMA guidelines. A search was conducted in PUBMED and Web of Science databases. Risk of bias analysis was conducted using the Rob2 tool and the quality of evidence was conducted following the GRADE approach. A total of 3776 articles were initially identified and 20 of them met the inclusion criteria. Among them, sixteen investigated computerized-cognitive stimulation and four computerized-physical activity. Most of the studies were randomized controlled trials and assessed the efficacy of a home-based intervention on objective cognition in adults with cancer. Overall, cognitive improvement was found in 11/16 computerized-cognitive stimulation studies and 2/4 computerized-physical activity studies. Cognitive stimulation or physical activity improved especially cognitive complaints, memory, and attention. These results suggest the efficacy of both computerized-cognitive stimulation and physical activity. However, we report a high risk of bias for the majority of studies and a low level of quality of evidence. Therefore, further investigations are needed to confirm the efficacy of these interventions and to investigate the possible added benefit on cognition of a combined computerized-cognitive/physical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Binarelli
- Clinical Research Department, Centre François Baclesse, 14000 Caen, France; (G.B.); (F.J.)
- ANTICIPE, INSERM, UNICAEN, Normandie University, 14000 Caen, France; (L.T.); (S.L.A.)
| | - Florence Joly
- Clinical Research Department, Centre François Baclesse, 14000 Caen, France; (G.B.); (F.J.)
- ANTICIPE, INSERM, UNICAEN, Normandie University, 14000 Caen, France; (L.T.); (S.L.A.)
- Cancer and Cognition Platform, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Laure Tron
- ANTICIPE, INSERM, UNICAEN, Normandie University, 14000 Caen, France; (L.T.); (S.L.A.)
- Cancer and Cognition Platform, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Sophie Lefevre Arbogast
- ANTICIPE, INSERM, UNICAEN, Normandie University, 14000 Caen, France; (L.T.); (S.L.A.)
- Cancer and Cognition Platform, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Marie Lange
- Clinical Research Department, Centre François Baclesse, 14000 Caen, France; (G.B.); (F.J.)
- ANTICIPE, INSERM, UNICAEN, Normandie University, 14000 Caen, France; (L.T.); (S.L.A.)
- Cancer and Cognition Platform, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 14000 Caen, France
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Combination effect of exercise and environmental enrichment on cognitive functions and hippocampal neurogenesis markers of rat. Neuroreport 2021; 32:1234-1240. [PMID: 34494991 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cognitive decline is one of the most prevalent health problems and is associated with increased healthcare utilization and economic burden. Physical and cognitive training both have positive effects on cognition but have been less applied in combination. We hypothesized that simultaneous cognitive-physical components would yield greater cognitive benefits than single-domain interventions in rats. METHODS A total of 40 male Wistar rats were divided into four treatment groups: the control, enriched environment (EE), exercise (EX), and EE + EX. Animals in EE groups housed in the large cages (50 × 50 × 50 cm) contained differently shaped objects for 3 weeks. EX animals were forced to run on a treadmill once daily for 3 consecutive weeks. Morris water maze test was used for the assessment of spatial learning and memory. Real-time PCR was performed to assess the expression of nestin, and Sox2 in the hippocampus. RESULTS EX and EE animals separately did not show a significantly enhanced function in spatial memory in comparison with the control group. When animals were treated with EE and EX simultaneously, they exhibited significantly superior performance in spatial memory than control, EX, or EE groups separately. The hippocampal expression of Sox2 was significantly higher in EE + EX group than in the control, EX, and EE alone. CONCLUSIONS These results may have clinical implications for behavioral interventions in conditions with cognitive deficiencies.
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Binarelli G, Lange M, Dos Santos M, Grellard JM, Lelaidier A, Tron L, Lefevre Arbogast S, Clarisse B, Joly F. Multimodal Web-Based Intervention for Cancer-Related Cognitive Impairment in Breast Cancer Patients: Cog-Stim Feasibility Study Protocol. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194868. [PMID: 34638354 PMCID: PMC8508392 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cognitive difficulties and their impact on patients’ quality of life are frequently reported by patients treated for breast cancer, who ask for support to improve these difficulties. Cognitive stimulation and physical activity resulted as beneficial for cognitive difficulties, but they are challenging to generalize in hospitals. To overcome this limitation, home-based computerized interventions have been proposed. In this study, the feasibility of a combined intervention of web-based cognitive stimulation and physical activity among breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy will be investigated. The overall goal is to develop interventions for cognitive difficulties adapted to supportive care units. Abstract Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is a frequent side-effect of cancer treatment, with important consequences on patients’ quality of life. Cognitive stimulation and physical activity are the most efficient in improving cognitive impairment, but they are challenging to generalize in hospitals’ routine and to patients’ needs and schedules. Moreover, the added value of a combination of these interventions needs to be more investigated. The Cog-Stim study is an interventional study investigating the feasibility of a web-based multimodal intervention (combining cognitive stimulation and physical activity for the improvement of cognitive complaints among breast-cancer patients currently treated with radiotherapy (n = 20). Patients will take part in a 12-week program, proposing two sessions per week of web-based cognitive stimulation (20 min/session with HappyNeuron®) and two sessions per week of web-based physical activity (30 min/session with Mooven® platform). Cognitive complaints (FACT-Cog) and objective cognitive functioning (CNS Vital Signs®), anxiety, depression (HADS), sleep disorders (ISI) and fatigue (FACIT-Fatigue) will be assessed before and after the intervention. The primary endpoint is the adherence rate to the intervention program. Patients’ satisfaction, reasons for non-attrition and non-adherence to the program will also be assessed. The overall goal of this study is to collect information to develop web-based interventions for cognitive difficulties in supportive care units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Binarelli
- Clinical Research Department, Centre François Baclesse, 14000 Caen, France; (M.L.); (M.D.S.); (J.-M.G.); (S.L.A.); (B.C.); (F.J.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Unit for the Prevention and Treatment of Cancers (ANTICIPE), National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), University of Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie University, 14000 Caen, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-2-31-45-86-09; Fax: +33-2-31-45-50-97
| | - Marie Lange
- Clinical Research Department, Centre François Baclesse, 14000 Caen, France; (M.L.); (M.D.S.); (J.-M.G.); (S.L.A.); (B.C.); (F.J.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Unit for the Prevention and Treatment of Cancers (ANTICIPE), National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), University of Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie University, 14000 Caen, France;
- Cancer and Cognition Platform, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Mélanie Dos Santos
- Clinical Research Department, Centre François Baclesse, 14000 Caen, France; (M.L.); (M.D.S.); (J.-M.G.); (S.L.A.); (B.C.); (F.J.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Unit for the Prevention and Treatment of Cancers (ANTICIPE), National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), University of Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie University, 14000 Caen, France;
| | - Jean-Michel Grellard
- Clinical Research Department, Centre François Baclesse, 14000 Caen, France; (M.L.); (M.D.S.); (J.-M.G.); (S.L.A.); (B.C.); (F.J.)
| | - Anaïs Lelaidier
- Northwest Data Center (CTD-CNO), Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer and French National Cancer Institute (INCa), 14000 Caen, France;
| | - Laure Tron
- Interdisciplinary Research Unit for the Prevention and Treatment of Cancers (ANTICIPE), National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), University of Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie University, 14000 Caen, France;
- Cancer and Cognition Platform, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Sophie Lefevre Arbogast
- Clinical Research Department, Centre François Baclesse, 14000 Caen, France; (M.L.); (M.D.S.); (J.-M.G.); (S.L.A.); (B.C.); (F.J.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Unit for the Prevention and Treatment of Cancers (ANTICIPE), National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), University of Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie University, 14000 Caen, France;
- Cancer and Cognition Platform, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Benedicte Clarisse
- Clinical Research Department, Centre François Baclesse, 14000 Caen, France; (M.L.); (M.D.S.); (J.-M.G.); (S.L.A.); (B.C.); (F.J.)
| | - Florence Joly
- Clinical Research Department, Centre François Baclesse, 14000 Caen, France; (M.L.); (M.D.S.); (J.-M.G.); (S.L.A.); (B.C.); (F.J.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Unit for the Prevention and Treatment of Cancers (ANTICIPE), National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), University of Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie University, 14000 Caen, France;
- Cancer and Cognition Platform, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 14000 Caen, France
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Studer-Luethi B, Brasser M, Lusti S, Schaerli R. A cross-sectional survey of a public, evidence-based multimodal program for cognitive health in older adults. Arch Public Health 2021; 79:165. [PMID: 34530899 PMCID: PMC8443915 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-021-00670-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent decades, the proportion of older adults in the population has continued to rise, and with it, the need for intervention programs to maintain cognitive functions into old age. Multiple lifestyle factors, including physical, cognitive, and social activities, are crucial to forestalling a decline in cognitive functions. However, Covid-19 curtailed most activities, and therefore, strategies are needed to support older adults in remaining cognitively healthy. This study describes a newly developed and publicly available multimodal program, called "brain coach", to support and stimulate cognitive activity in older adults. The autonomy supportive program integrates into daily life recommendations for evidence-based physical, cognitive, social, mindful, and creative activation exercises. METHODS The study design corresponds to a correlational, analytical, and cross-sectional study with 660 older adults, who participated in the program for at least 3 months and completed an online survey. RESULTS The survey results demonstrate that the average age of the participants was 71 years and 75 % were female. Participants experienced benefits in memory, well-being, attitudes towards the brain, and lifestyle habits. Importantly, time invested in the intervention and participant's positive attitude toward brain health and neuroplasticity, show positive relationships with the experienced benefits. CONCLUSIONS The results reveal the potential of a public program with a multimodal approach to increase cognitive health and promote an active lifestyle. Further research will explore the effects of such a multimodal intervention in a longitudinal randomized controlled trial study.
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Park JH. Effects of Cognitive-Physical Dual-Task Training on Executive Function and Activity in the Prefrontal Cortex of Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment. BRAIN & NEUROREHABILITATION 2021; 14:e23. [PMID: 36741221 PMCID: PMC9879379 DOI: 10.12786/bn.2021.14.e23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of cognitive-physical dual-task training on prefrontal cortex (PFC)-dependent function remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of dual-task training on executive function and activity in the PFC of older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Thirty-six older adults with MCI randomly assigned to the experimental group (EG) performing cognitive-physical dual-task training requiring for simultaneous cognitive tasks and physical exercise (n = 18) or the control group (CG) receiving sing-cognitive training using the computerized cognitive training program focusing on executive function (n = 18) for 16 sessions lasting 40 minutes a session. For the primary outcomes, the Trail Making Test Part B (TMT-B) was used, and for the secondary outcome, activity in the PFC using functional near infrared spectroscopy and the Korean version of instrumental activities of daily living (K-IADL) were evaluated at pre-and post-intervention. After the intervention, the EG achieved a significantly higher improvement in the TMT-B and decreased activity in the PFC during TMT-B testing than the CG. However, there were no significant differences in the K-IADL in both groups. These findings indicate that dual-task training is more effective in improving executive process and decreasing activity in the PFC during cognitive testing than single-cognitive training with limitations of its transfer effect to daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hyuck Park
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Korea
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An Exergame Solution for Personalized Multicomponent Training in Older Adults. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11177986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In addition to contributing to increased training motivation, exergames are a promising approach to counteract age-related impairments. Mobility limitations, cognitive impairment, and urinary incontinence are very common in older adults. To optimally address these conditions, exergames should include interventions for strength, balance, cognition, and pelvic floor muscle training. In this study, we develop a personalized multicomponent exergame solution for the geriatric rehabilitation of age-related impairments. The exergame can provide interventions for balance, strength, cognition, and urinary incontinence in one single session, accommodating the needs of older adults with multiple disabilities. For its development, we involved a multidisciplinary team that helped us to specify the structure and contents of the exergame considering training requirements, game design principles, and end-user characteristics. In addition to allowing the customization of the training components, the exergame includes automatic adaptation of difficulty/load, in line with player progress over time. The game mechanics ensures the fulfilment of training needs as defined by the therapist. The exergame is cross-platform compatible (web-based) and includes novel means of interaction with wearable sensors.
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Mahjong Playing and Leisure Physical Activity Alleviate Cognitive Symptoms in Older Community Residents. J Aging Phys Act 2021; 30:89-97. [PMID: 34388703 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2020-0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Leisure activities, particularly physically and cognitively stimulating leisure activities, mitigate cognitive decline. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between mahjong playing, leisure physical activity, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Older adults with and without MCI were recruited (n = 489, healthy group; and n = 187, MCI group). The regression results showed that years of mahjong playing (odds ratio = 0.595, 95% confidence interval [0.376, 0.961], p = .032) and physical activity (odds ratio = 0.572, 95% confidence interval [0.381, 0.849], p = .012) were associated with reduced odds of having MCI after adjusting for a series of covariates. Leisure physical activity and mahjong playing interacted with each other and produced combined effects on the odds of having MCI. Combined cognitive and physical interventions may produce larger benefits on cognition than either intervention alone.
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Sok S, Shin E, Kim S, Kim M. Effects of Cognitive/Exercise Dual-Task Program on the Cognitive Function, Health Status, Depression, and Life Satisfaction of the Elderly Living in the Community. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18157848. [PMID: 34360143 PMCID: PMC8345538 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The elderly population in Korea is rapidly increasing. It is necessary to develop multi-faceted and complex interventions for prevention and delay of dementia, balance improvement, and physical activity, among the elderly living in the community. This study aimed to examine the effects of the cognitive/exercise dual-task program on cognitive function, health status, depression, and life satisfaction of the elderly living in the community. A quasi-experimental study design using a pretest-posttest control group was employed. The study included a total of 65 elderly participants (intervention: n = 32, control: n = 33) in Seoul, South Korea. The cognitive/exercise dual-task program as an intervention was composed of 20 sessions for a total of 10 weeks, held twice a week for about 50 min each session. Measures were general characteristics of study participants, the Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-K), Korean elderly health status assessment tool, Korean version of Geriatric Depression Scale, and the elderly life satisfaction scale. Data were collected from October 2020 to March 2021. There were statistically significant differences on cognitive function, health status, depression, and life satisfaction between two groups. The cognitive/exercise dual-task program was an effective intervention for improving cognitive function, health status, and life satisfaction, and for decreasing depression of the elderly living in the community. Health care providers need to pay attention to cognitive/exercise dual-task programs for elderly living in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohyune Sok
- College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-961-9144; Fax: +82-2-961-9398
| | - Eunyoung Shin
- Department of Nursing, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (E.S.); (S.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Seyoon Kim
- Department of Nursing, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (E.S.); (S.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Myeongshin Kim
- Department of Nursing, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (E.S.); (S.K.); (M.K.)
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Sharma S, Balaji GK, Sahana A, Karthikbabu S. Effects of Cognitive Versus Mind-Motor Training on Cognition and Functional Skills in the Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Indian J Psychol Med 2021; 43:300-305. [PMID: 34385722 PMCID: PMC8327871 DOI: 10.1177/0253717620957517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a decline in cognitive and functional skills in older adults. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of cognitive and mind-motor training (MMT) on cognition and functional skills in a community-dwelling sample of older adults. METHODS In this observer-blinded randomized clinical trial, 40 older adults with medical stability, ability to comprehend and respond to simple verbal instructions, no diagnosed psychological disorders, absence of severe visual and hearing problems, the capacity to walk independently, and a score of more than 46 in Berg Balance Scale were included. They were randomly allocated into cognitive or MMT groups. Cognitive training (CT) was practiced with activities for memory and attention, using paper-pencil tasks. MMT was practiced using a simple, indoor based square-stepping exercise. They practiced one-hour of training per day, three days a week, for eight weeks. RESULTS General linear model analysis showed that the time by groups was not statistically significant. The mean (standard deviation) scores in General Practitioner Assessment of Cognition Scale and Hindi Mental State Examination improved significantly (P < 0.001) following MMT [1.75 (1.29); 2.4 (1.34)] and CT [1.5 (1.36); 2.7 (0.99)]. The functional skills measured using Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale revealed beneficial changes for both the groups. None of the outcomes were statistically significant between the groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Both cognitive and MMTs showed similar practice effects on cognition and functional skills in community-dwelling older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Sharma
- Chitkara School of Health Sciences, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | | | - Sahana A
- Chitkara School of Health Sciences, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Suruliraj Karthikbabu
- Dept. of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Wu J, Wang X, Ye M, Wang L, Zheng G. Effect of regular resistance training on memory in older adults: A systematic review. Exp Gerontol 2021; 150:111396. [PMID: 33964318 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of regular resistance training on memory in older adults. METHODS Eight databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, SinoMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Periodical Database (VIP) and Wanfang) were searched from their inception to March 24, 2021. The data included in the study were analysed according to the Cochrane handbook using Review Manager 5.3 software. RESULTS Eighteen eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with a total of 1365 older adults were identified that met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. Compared with no specific exercise or a low intensity exercise control, regular resistance training significantly improved working memory (standardized mean difference (SMD): 0.27, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.11, 0.42, P < 0.001), immediate memory (SMD: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.54, P = 0.04), and short-term memory (SMD: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.23,1.14, P = 0.003) but had no significant impact on verbal memory (SMD: 0.15, 95% CI: -0.40, 0.71, P = 0.59) or delayed memory (SMD: 0.01, 95% CI: -0.39, 0.42, P = 0.18). CONCLUSIONS Regular resistance training has a positive beneficial effect on working memory, immediate memory and short-term memory in older adults. However, due to the limitations of the included studies, these findings should be interpreted cautiously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wu
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mingzhu Ye
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lecong Wang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guohua Zheng
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; College of Nursing and Health Management, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China.
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The Effects of the Combination of High-Intensity Interval Training with 3D-Multiple Object Tracking Task on Perceptual-Cognitive Performance: A Randomized Controlled Intervention Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094862. [PMID: 34063304 PMCID: PMC8125741 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ability to process goal-related visual information while ignoring goal-irrelevant information is essential for the human attention system. The study aimed to investigate how perceptual–cognitive performance was affected during high-intensity interval training (HIIT) using a 3D-multiple object tracking (3D-MOT) task called Neurotracker (NT). In an experimental design, 42 healthy adults (age M = 23.3 SD = 2.94, VO2max 52.8 ± 5.66 mL·kg−1·min−1) were randomly assigned to an intervention (HIIT + NT, NT, HIIT) or control group. NT performance (20 trials per session) was measured pre-and post-test (at 5, 15, and 25 min while running on the treadmill). The participants trained twice a week for a 4-week intervention period. There was a significant interaction effect between pre/post-test and groups regarding perceptual-cognitive performance, indicating similar enhancements in the HIIT + NT and the NT group during exercise. HIIT influences physical fitness but did not show any impact on perceptual–cognitive performance. Due to the specific NT task characteristics, improved physical abilities may not directly impact sport-specific perceptual-cognitive performance. Our findings suggest that training resulted in substantial task-specific gains. Therefore, combination training may be proposed as a training program to improve perceptual–cognitive, and physical performance in a time-efficient way.
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Nejati V, Derakhshan Z. The effect of physical activity with and without cognitive demand on the improvement of executive functions and behavioral symptoms in children with ADHD. Expert Rev Neurother 2021; 21:607-614. [PMID: 33849353 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2021.1912600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Purposeful physical activities improve cognitive functions. Two possible mechanisms are available for this intervention including the impact of the physical component of exercise and goal-directedness as a cognitive component. In the present study, we aimed to compare the effect of physical activity with and without cognitive demand on executive functions and behavioral symptoms in children with ADHD.Methods: Thirty children with ADHD were randomly assigned to two equal groups of physical activity training with and without cognitive demand. Exercise for cognitive improvement and rehabilitation (EXCIR) or running, as an aerobic exercise, were used for intervention in two groups. Executive functions and ADHD symptoms were measured in three sessions including baseline, post-intervention, and follow-up assessments, using 1-back, Wisconsin Card Sorting, and Go/No-Go tests and Conner's Teacher and Parent Rating scales. Repeated measures ANOVAs were used for analysis.Results: The results showed physical activity with cognitive demand, compared to the physical activity without cognitive demand, has a better and longer impact on the improvement of executive functions and ADHD symptoms.Conclusions: Cognitive rehabilitation with combined physical and cognitive tasks has a beneficial and lasting impact on impaired executive functions and behavioral symptoms in children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Nejati
- Department of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Derakhshan
- Department of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Physical and Cognitive Training to Enhance Intensive Care Unit Survivors' Cognition: A Mapping Review. Rehabil Nurs 2021; 46:323-332. [PMID: 33833206 DOI: 10.1097/rnj.0000000000000325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to examine current literature regarding effects of physical or cognitive training and simultaneous (dual-task) physical and cognitive training on cognition in adults surviving an intensive care unit (ICU) stay. DESIGN Systematic mapping. METHODS A literature search was conducted to examine effects of physical and/or cognitive training on cognitive processes. RESULTS Few studies targeted adults surviving ICU. Independently, physical and cognitive interventions improved cognition in healthy older adults with and without cognitive impairment. Simultaneous interventions may improve executive function. Small sample size and heterogeneity of interventions limited the ability to make inferences. CONCLUSION Literature supports positive effects of single- and dual-task training on recovering cognition in adults. This training could benefit ICU survivors who need to regain cognitive function and prevent future decline. RELEVANCE TO PRACTICE With the growing number of ICU survivors experiencing cognitive deficits, it is essential to develop and test interventions that restore cognitive function in this understudied population.
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Innes KE, Montgomery C, Selfe TK, Wen S, Khalsa DS, Flick M. Incorporating a Usual Care Comparator into a Study of Meditation and Music Listening for Older Adults with Subjective Cognitive Decline: A Randomized Feasibility Trial. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2021; 5:187-206. [PMID: 33981956 PMCID: PMC8075554 DOI: 10.3233/adr-200249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest meditation and music listening (ML) may improve cognitive and psychosocial outcomes in adults with subjective cognitive decline (SCD). However, lack of a usual care group has limited conclusions. OBJECTIVE To assess the: 1) feasibility of incorporating an enhanced usual care (EUC) comparator in a trial of Kirtan Kriya meditation (KK) and ML for adults experiencing SCD; and 2) preliminary effects of active treatment (KK/ML) versus an EUC program. METHODS Forty participants with SCD were randomized 1:1:2 to a 12-week KK, ML, or EUC program. KK and ML participants were asked to practice 12 minutes/day; EUC participants were given a comprehensive educational packet regarding healthy aging and strategies for improving/maintaining brain health and asked to record any activities or strategies used. Feasibility was assessed using measures of retention, adherence, treatment expectancies, and participant satisfaction, as well as information from exit questionnaires and daily practice/activity logs. Cognitive functioning, stress, mood, sleep-quality, and health-related quality of life (QOL) were measured pre- and post-intervention using well-validated instruments. RESULTS Thirty-two participants (80%) completed the 3-month study, with retention highest in the EUC group (p < 0.05). Active treatment participants averaged 6.0±0.4 practice sessions/week, and EUC participants, 7.5±0.6 brain health activities/week. Treatment expectancies were similar across groups. EUC participants indicated high satisfaction with the program and study. Despite limited study power, the active treatment group showed significantly greater gains in subjective memory functioning (ps≤0.025) and nonsignificant improvements in cognitive performance (TMT-B), perceived stress, QOL, and mood (ps≤0.08) compared to the EUC group. CONCLUSION Findings of this pilot feasibility trial suggest incorporation of an EUC program is feasible, and that participation in a simple 12-week relaxation program may be helpful for adults with SCD versus engagement in an EUC program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim E. Innes
- Department of Epidemiology, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Caitlin Montgomery
- Department of Epidemiology, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Terry Kit Selfe
- Health Science Center Libraries, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sijin Wen
- Department of Biostatistics, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - Madison Flick
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, West Virginia University HSC, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Theodoro de Freitas L, Pain T, Barnett F. Improving outcomes for people with mild cognitive impairment: An Australian mixed-methods pilot study. Australas J Ageing 2021; 40:e87-e94. [PMID: 33605005 DOI: 10.1111/ajag.12908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This pilot study tested the feasibility and acceptability of an innovative functional task exercise program to ameliorate mild cognitive impairment. METHODS The functional task exercise program was trialled on community-dwelling adults aged 60 years or older. The 10-week program was conducted in regional Australia and evaluated for acceptability and feasibility. Outcomes were assessed pre- and post- intervention and at three-month follow-up. Structured interviews were conducted with caregivers and participants at the end of the program. RESULTS Acceptability was demonstrated, with approximately 80% of the 23 participants completing the program. Clinical improvements were demonstrated in several cognitive and functional measures using an uncontrolled pre-post test design. Qualitative findings suggest feasibility as the program was viewed positively by participants and caregivers. CONCLUSION The functional exercise program was acceptable, was feasible and improved outcomes in an Australian context. Research is urgently needed to identify and treat people with mild cognitive impairment living in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Theodoro de Freitas
- Townsville Hospital and Health Service, Townsville, Qld, Australia.,College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia
| | - Tilley Pain
- Townsville Hospital and Health Service, Townsville, Qld, Australia.,College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia
| | - Fiona Barnett
- College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia
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Halloway S, Schoeny ME, Barnes LL, Arvanitakis Z, Pressler SJ, Braun LT, Volgman AS, Gamboa C, Wilbur J. A study protocol for MindMoves: A lifestyle physical activity and cognitive training intervention to prevent cognitive impairment in older women with cardiovascular disease. Contemp Clin Trials 2021; 101:106254. [PMID: 33383230 PMCID: PMC7954878 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2020.106254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cognitive impairment (CI) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) disproportionately affect women compared to men, and CVD increases risk of CI. Physical activity and cognitive training can improve cognition in older adults and may have additive or synergistic effects. However, no combined intervention has targeted women with CVD or utilized a sustainable lifestyle approach. The purpose of the trial is to evaluate efficacy of MindMoves, a 24-week multimodal physical activity and cognitive training intervention, on cognition and serum biomarkers in older women with CVD. Three serum biomarkers (brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF], vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF], and insulin-like growth factor 1 [IGF-1]) were selected as a priori hypothesized indicators of the effects of physical activity and/or cognitive training on cognition. METHODS The study design is a randomized controlled trial with a 2 × 2 factorial design, to determine independent and combined efficacies of Mind (tablet-based cognitive training) and Move (lifestyle physical activity with goal-setting and group meetings) on change in cognition (primary outcome) and serum biomarkers (secondary outcomes). We will recruit 254 women aged ≥65 years with CVD and without CI from cardiology clinics. Women will be randomized to one of four conditions: (1) Mind, (2) Move, (3) MindMoves, or (4) usual care. Data will be obtained from participants at baseline, 24, 48, and 72 weeks. DISCUSSION This study will test efficacy of a lifestyle-focused intervention to prevent or delay cognitive impairment in older women with CVD and may identify relevant serum biomarkers that could be used as early indicators of intervention response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Halloway
- Rush University, College of Nursing, 600 S. Paulina, Suite 1080, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Michael E Schoeny
- Rush University, College of Nursing, 600 S. Paulina, Suite 1080, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Lisa L Barnes
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, 1750 W. Harrison, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Zoe Arvanitakis
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, 1750 W. Harrison, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Rush Medical College, 600 S. Paulina Street, Suite 524, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Susan J Pressler
- Indiana University, School of Nursing, 600 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Lynne T Braun
- Rush University, College of Nursing, 600 S. Paulina, Suite 1080, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | | | - Charlene Gamboa
- Rush University, College of Nursing, 600 S. Paulina, Suite 1080, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - JoEllen Wilbur
- Rush University, College of Nursing, 600 S. Paulina, Suite 1080, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Daniels RD, Clouston SAP, Hall CB, Anderson KR, Bennett DA, Bromet EJ, Calvert GM, Carreón T, DeKosky ST, Diminich ED, Finch CE, Gandy S, Kreisl WC, Kritikos M, Kubale TL, Mielke MM, Peskind ER, Raskind MA, Richards M, Sano M, Santiago-Colón A, Sloan RP, Spiro A, Vasdev N, Luft BJ, Reissman DB. A Workshop on Cognitive Aging and Impairment in the 9/11-Exposed Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:E681. [PMID: 33466931 PMCID: PMC7830144 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The terrorist attacks on 11 September 2001 potentially exposed more than 400,000 responders, workers, and residents to psychological and physical stressors, and numerous hazardous pollutants. In 2011, the World Trade Center Health Program (WTCHP) was mandated to monitor and treat persons with 9/11-related adverse health conditions and conduct research on physical and mental health conditions related to the attacks. Emerging evidence suggests that persons exposed to 9/11 may be at increased risk of developing mild cognitive impairment. To investigate further, the WTCHP convened a scientific workshop that examined the natural history of cognitive aging and impairment, biomarkers in the pathway of neurodegenerative diseases, the neuropathological changes associated with hazardous exposures, and the evidence of cognitive decline and impairment in the 9/11-exposed population. Invited participants included scientists actively involved in health-effects research of 9/11-exposed persons and other at-risk populations. Attendees shared relevant research results from their respective programs and discussed several options for enhancements to research and surveillance activities, including the development of a multi-institutional collaborative research network. The goal of this report is to outline the meeting's agenda and provide an overview of the presentation materials and group discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D. Daniels
- World Trade Center Health Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, DC 20201, USA; (K.R.A.); (G.M.C.); (T.C.); (T.L.K.); (A.S.-C.); (D.B.R.)
| | - Sean A. P. Clouston
- Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; (S.A.P.C.); (E.J.B.); (E.D.D.); (M.K.); (B.J.L.)
| | - Charles B. Hall
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health (Biostatistics), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Kristi R. Anderson
- World Trade Center Health Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, DC 20201, USA; (K.R.A.); (G.M.C.); (T.C.); (T.L.K.); (A.S.-C.); (D.B.R.)
| | - David A. Bennett
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Medical College, Rush University, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Evelyn J. Bromet
- Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; (S.A.P.C.); (E.J.B.); (E.D.D.); (M.K.); (B.J.L.)
| | - Geoffrey M. Calvert
- World Trade Center Health Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, DC 20201, USA; (K.R.A.); (G.M.C.); (T.C.); (T.L.K.); (A.S.-C.); (D.B.R.)
| | - Tania Carreón
- World Trade Center Health Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, DC 20201, USA; (K.R.A.); (G.M.C.); (T.C.); (T.L.K.); (A.S.-C.); (D.B.R.)
| | - Steven T. DeKosky
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Erica D. Diminich
- Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; (S.A.P.C.); (E.J.B.); (E.D.D.); (M.K.); (B.J.L.)
| | - Caleb E. Finch
- USC Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
| | - Sam Gandy
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (S.G.); (M.S.)
| | - William C. Kreisl
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Minos Kritikos
- Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; (S.A.P.C.); (E.J.B.); (E.D.D.); (M.K.); (B.J.L.)
| | - Travis L. Kubale
- World Trade Center Health Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, DC 20201, USA; (K.R.A.); (G.M.C.); (T.C.); (T.L.K.); (A.S.-C.); (D.B.R.)
| | - Michelle M. Mielke
- Division of Epidemiology and Department of Neurology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Elaine R. Peskind
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
| | - Murray A. Raskind
- Northwest Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA;
| | - Marcus Richards
- Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
| | - Mary Sano
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (S.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Albeliz Santiago-Colón
- World Trade Center Health Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, DC 20201, USA; (K.R.A.); (G.M.C.); (T.C.); (T.L.K.); (A.S.-C.); (D.B.R.)
| | - Richard P. Sloan
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA;
| | - Avron Spiro
- Boston University Schools of Public Health and Medicine and Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA;
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) & Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S, Canada;
| | - Benjamin J. Luft
- Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; (S.A.P.C.); (E.J.B.); (E.D.D.); (M.K.); (B.J.L.)
| | - Dori B. Reissman
- World Trade Center Health Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, DC 20201, USA; (K.R.A.); (G.M.C.); (T.C.); (T.L.K.); (A.S.-C.); (D.B.R.)
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Fraga I, Weber C, Galiano WB, Iraci L, Wohlgemuth M, Morales G, Cercato C, Rodriguez J, Pochmann D, Dani C, Menz P, Bosco AD, Elsner VR. Effects of a multimodal exercise protocol on functional outcomes, epigenetic modulation and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in institutionalized older adults: a quasi-experimental pilot study. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:2479-2485. [PMID: 33907037 PMCID: PMC8374571 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.313067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic changes have been shown to be associated with both aging process and aging-related diseases. There is evidence regarding the benefits of physical activity on the functionality, cognition, and quality of life of institutionalized older adults, however, the molecular mechanisms involved are not elucidated. The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the effects of a multimodal exercise intervention on functional outcomes, cognitive performance, quality of life (QOL), epigenetic markers and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels among institutionalized older adult individuals. Participants (n = 8) without dementia who were aged 73.38 ± 11.28 years and predominantly female (87.5%) were included in this quasi-experimental pilot study. A multimodal exercise protocol (cardiovascular capacity, strength, balance/agility and flexibility, perception and cognition) consisted of twice weekly sessions (60 minutes each) over 8 weeks. Balance (Berg Scale), mobility (Timed Up and Go test), functional capacity (Six-Minute Walk test), cognitive function (Mini-Mental State Examination) and QOL (the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF Scale questionnaire) were evaluated before and after the intervention. Blood sample (15 mL) was also collected before and after intervention for analysis of biomarkers global histone H3 acetylation and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels. Significant improvements were observed in cognitive function, balance, mobility, functional capacity and QOL after the intervention. In addition, a tendency toward an increase in global histone H3 acetylation levels was observed, while brain-derived neurotrophic factor level remained unchanged. This study provided evidence that an 8-week multimodal exercise protocol has a significant effect on ameliorating functional outcomes and QOL in institutionalized older adult individuals. In addition, it was also able to promote cognitive improvement, which seems to be partially related to histone hyperacetylation status. The Ethics Research Committee of Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Brazil approved the current study on June 6, 2019 (approval No. 3.376.078).
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Affiliation(s)
- Iasmin Fraga
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Camila Weber
- Curso de Fisioterapia do Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Wériton Baldo Galiano
- Curso de Fisioterapia do Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Lucio Iraci
- Curso de Fisioterapia do Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Mariana Wohlgemuth
- Curso de Fisioterapia do Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Gabriela Morales
- Curso de Fisioterapia do Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Camila Cercato
- Curso de Fisioterapia do Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Juliana Rodriguez
- Curso de Fisioterapia do Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Daniela Pochmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Reabilitação, Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Caroline Dani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Reabilitação, Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Pérsia Menz
- Physiotherapist, working in Long-Term Institutions, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Adriane Dal Bosco
- Curso de Fisioterapia do Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Viviane Rostirola Elsner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Curso de Fisioterapia do Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Reabilitação, Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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Lazris D, Perkins MM, Bay AA, Hackney ME. Qualitative Evaluation Informs Understanding of Motor Cognition and Therapies in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:691-703. [PMID: 34569954 PMCID: PMC10105980 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 10%to 20%of Americans aged 65 and older have mild cognitive impairment (MCI) with 10%progressing to Alzheimer's disease (AD) each year. Underserved groups, including African Americans (AAs), are among the most vulnerable to MCI and AD. Although evidence continues to amass, the benefits of exercise and movement for AD is still understudied in AD. OBJECTIVE Understanding the attitudes, perceptions, and beliefs about motor-cognitive integration and examining the physical activity of a sample of predominantly Black women community members with self-reported memory problems will allow improved recruitment and refinement of multimodal interventions designed to improve motor-cognitive and cognitive function. METHODS We conducted focus groups with older adults who reported subjective memory complaints (n = 15; Black: n = 12, White: n = 3, mean age 71.7±5.8). RESULTS Findings from thematic analysis showed most participants knew of benefits of exercise. However, most participants reported not getting adequate exercise due to factors such as pain, increased responsibilities, and fear of injury. Despite barriers, participants expressed enthusiasm for multimodal interventions designed to target body and brain health and provided several suggestions to improve or enhance the proposed interventions. CONCLUSION Results provide useful insights regarding improving participation among historically under-represented groups in clinical movement-based research. Participants' discussion focused primarily on the way motor-cognitive integration prevents falls, maintains memory, and provides a social benefit. The reported perceived benefits and limitations of exercise, as this population understands it, can help researchers and physicians better engage the community for lifestyle changes that will support greater motor-cognitive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lazris
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Molly M. Perkins
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Birmingham/Atlanta VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory University School of Nursing, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory University, Department of Sociology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Allison A. Bay
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Madeleine E. Hackney
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Birmingham/Atlanta VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory University School of Nursing, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Atlanta VA Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Meeuwsen KD, Groeneveld KM, Walker LA, Mennenga AM, Tittle RK, White EK. Z-score neurofeedback, heart rate variability biofeedback, and brain coaching for older adults with memory concerns. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2021; 39:9-37. [PMID: 33386829 PMCID: PMC7990441 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-201053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The three-month, multi-domain Memory Boot Camp program incorporates z-score neurofeedback (NFB), heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback, and one-on-one coaching to teach memory skills and encourage behavior change in diet, sleep, physical fitness, and stress reduction. OBJECTIVE This prospective trial evaluates the Memory Boot Camp program for adults ages 55 to 85 with symptoms of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and subjective memory complaints. METHODS Participants were evaluated via the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), NeuroTrax Global Cognitive Score, measures of anxiety, depression, sleep, quality of life, quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG), and HRV parameters at four timepoints: baseline, pre-program, post-program, and follow-up. The trial included a three-month waiting period between baseline and pre-program, such that each participant acted as their own control, and follow-up took place six months after completion of the program. RESULTS Participants' MoCA scores and self-reported measures of anxiety, depression, sleep quality, and quality of life improved after treatment, and these changes were maintained at follow-up. Physiological changes in HRV parameters after treatment were not significant, however, breathing rate and QEEG parameters were improved at post-program and maintained at follow-up. Finally, participants' improvement in MoCA score over the treatment period was correlated with their improvement in two brain oscillation parameters targeted by the z-score NFB protocol: relative power of delta and relative power of theta. CONCLUSIONS Trial results suggest that the Memory Boot Camp program is a promising treatment strategy for older adults with symptoms of MCI and subjective memory complaints.
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The Feasibility of a Combined Lifestyle Physical Activity and Cognitive Training Intervention to Prevent Cognitive Impairment in Older Women With Cardiovascular Disease. J Phys Act Health 2020; 18:70-75. [PMID: 33361474 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2020-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment disproportionately affects older women with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Physical activity (PA) and cognitive training (CT) may have synergistic effects in combined interventions. However, no combined intervention has targeted women with CVD or utilized a sustainable and preferable lifestyle approach. The purpose was to test feasibility and acceptability of the 24-week MindMoves program, a lifestyle intervention that combined PA and CT developed for older women with CVD. METHODS The PA component included goal setting with Fitbits and 5 behavioral group meetings. The CT component was evidence-based BrainHQ delivered on a tablet in three 30-minute weekly sessions. Participants included 10 women aged ≥65 years with CVD. Exclusion criteria were cognitive impairment, regular PA, and CT use. Measures were feasibility (recruitment, attendance, participation, retention, and acceptability), change in PA (Fitbit min/steps), and change in cognitive function (NIH Toolbox®). RESULTS Of the 10 participants, 70% attended ≥4/5 group meetings, and overall attendance was 76%. Participants completed 2.3/3 CT sessions weekly. Participant retention was 100%. Over 90% of participants rated MindMoves with the highest levels of satisfaction. Participants had significant improvements in steps, light PA, and moderate PA, and there was a trend for improved cognition. CONCLUSIONS Findings support testing MindMoves in an efficacy trial.
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Pereira Oliva HN, Mansur Machado FS, Rodrigues VD, Leão LL, Monteiro-Júnior RS. The effect of dual-task training on cognition of people with different clinical conditions: An overview of systematic reviews. IBRO Rep 2020; 9:24-31. [PMID: 33336101 PMCID: PMC7733129 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of patients with cognitive impairment increases as the population becomes older. This perspective may persist a burden on health care systems unless considered new options of prevention and treatment. The aim of this meta-synthesis is to analyze different systematic reviews on the effectiveness of dual-task training (DTT) on cognition and motor function of different people. METHODS A systematic search of systematic reviews published until October 2019 was conducted in PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Cochrane databases addressing studies which investigated the effect of DTT compared to control or other intervention on cognitive functions of healthy or unhealthy individuals. Three steps were followed to retrieve studies: reading title, abstract and full text. Checklist Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) was used to assess the quality of selected articles. RESULTS In terms of quality of evidence, according to AMSTAR, 62.5 % of the reviews were rated as being "low" and 37.5 % were graded as "moderate" quality. Two main themes were identified among the studies' outcomes: Improvement on mobility performance or postural stability; and beneficial effect on cognitive function. In terms of effect size, there were reported an important variation, having more significant results for findings involving mobility and modest effect for findings regarding cognitive function. CONCLUSION People with different clinical conditions could benefit from dual-task training. The benefits may encompass general cognitive functions, memory, physical performance, gait and balance, to name a few aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Nunes Pereira Oliva
- Centro Universitario FIPMoc (UNIFIPMoc), Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
- Grupo de Estudos em Neurociência, Exercício, Saúde e Esporte (GENESEs) of UNIMONTES, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
| | - Frederico Sander Mansur Machado
- Post-Graduate Program of Health Sciences (PPGCS), State University of Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
- Grupo de Estudos em Neurociência, Exercício, Saúde e Esporte (GENESEs) of UNIMONTES, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
- Departamento de Educação Física e Desporto da UNIMONTES, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Dias Rodrigues
- Grupo de Estudos em Neurociência, Exercício, Saúde e Esporte (GENESEs) of UNIMONTES, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
- Departamento de Educação Física e Desporto da UNIMONTES, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
| | - Luana Lemos Leão
- Post-Graduate Program of Health Sciences (PPGCS), State University of Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
- Grupo de Estudos em Neurociência, Exercício, Saúde e Esporte (GENESEs) of UNIMONTES, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
| | - Renato Sobral Monteiro-Júnior
- Post-Graduate Program of Health Sciences (PPGCS), State University of Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
- Grupo de Estudos em Neurociência, Exercício, Saúde e Esporte (GENESEs) of UNIMONTES, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
- Departamento de Educação Física e Desporto da UNIMONTES, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program of Medicine (Neurology/Neuroscience), Federal Fluminense University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
- Neuroscience of Exercise Institute, Aroldo Tourinho Hospital, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
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83
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Elwishy A, Ebraheim AM, Ashour AS, Mohamed AA, Sherbini AEHEE. Influences of Dual-Task Training on Walking and Cognitive Performance of People With Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Chiropr Med 2020; 19:1-8. [PMID: 33192186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcm.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We sought to investigate whether there is any additional effect of coupled cognitive and physical rehabilitation compared to exercise training alone on walking and cognitive performance in individuals with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted from March to November 2015 with 30 individuals with RRMS (aged 20 to 50 years; 21 women, 9 men), who underwent detailed medical and neurologic examination. They were randomly allocated using sealed envelopes to either the study group, who received physical and cognitive rehabilitation (dual-task training), or the control group, who received physical rehabilitation alone. Participants (in both groups) were assessed twice (8 weeks apart), before and after rehabilitation. Assessment tools were the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), neuropsychological evaluation (using RehaCom), and walking tests. Results After training, the control group significantly improved regarding MMSE, attention/concentration test, and 10-meter walking test, whereas the scores of the study group significantly improved in all studied parameters (Expanded Disability Status Scale, MMSE, logical reasoning, and attention/concentration and walking tests). The differential (delta) scores from before to after rehabilitation were significantly higher in the study group for logical reasoning, attention/concentration, and 2-minute walking distance scores. Conclusions Coupled physical and cognitive (dual-task) training showed concurrent improvement in cognitive and walking abilities in individuals with RRMS which exceeded that achieved by physical training alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Elwishy
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders and Surgery, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M Ebraheim
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal S Ashour
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abeer A Mohamed
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders and Surgery, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abd El Hamied E El Sherbini
- National Institute of Longevity Elderly Sciences, Department of Occupational Therapy, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
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84
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Gallou-Guyot M, Mandigout S, Combourieu-Donnezan L, Bherer L, Perrochon A. Cognitive and physical impact of cognitive-motor dual-task training in cognitively impaired older adults: An overview. Neurophysiol Clin 2020; 50:441-453. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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85
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Sheng C, Yang K, Wang X, Li H, Li T, Lin L, Liu Y, Yang Q, Wang X, Wang X, Sun Y, Han Y. Advances in Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Subjective Cognitive Decline: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 77:903-920. [PMID: 32741806 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is considered the earliest symptomatic manifestation of preclinical Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Currently, given the lack of effective and curable pharmacological treatments for AD, non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) for individuals with SCD may provide a valuable opportunity for the secondary prevention of AD. Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis, conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, aimed to investigate the benefits of current NPIs in the population with SCD. Methods: The online electronic databases, including MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, PsycInfo, and CINAHL, were searched to identify randomized controlled trials of NPIs for SCD. Intervention strategies were psychological and health-related education interventions, mind-body therapy, lifestyle modification, cognitive training, and multidomain interventions. Outcomes included subjective memory, objective memory, global cognitive function, psychological well-being, and mood. Study quality was determined using the criteria of the Cochrane collaboration’s tool. The Hedges’ g of change was analyzed. Results: Eighteen studies were included in this review and meta-analysis. Overall, psychological and health-related education interventions exhibited a medium effect on objective memory function (Hedges’ g = 0.53, p = 0.01). Cognitive training led to a small effect on objective memory, which was marginal statistically (Hedges’ g = 0.19, p = 0.05). In addition, cognitive training also significantly improved subjective memory performance (Hedges’ g = 0.49, p = 0.0003) and psychological well-being (Hedges’ g = 0.27, p = 0.03). Conclusion: Overall, the psychological intervention and cognitive training may be beneficial to cognitive function and psychological well-being. NPIs may be effectively implemented in older adults with SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Sheng
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoni Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Neurology, Civil Aviation General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Taoran Li
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Library, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Alzheimer’s Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China
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86
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Larson-Dupuis C, Léveillé E, Desjardins M, Jodoin M, Bourassa MÈ, Bergeron H, Beaulieu C, Carrier J, Pepin V, De Beaumont L. Subtle long-term cognitive effects of a single mild traumatic brain injury and the impact of a three-month aerobic exercise intervention. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 61:87-95. [PMID: 32878422 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.10918-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there is a growing body of literature on the impact of multiple concussions on cognitive function with aging, less is known about the long-term impact of sustaining a single mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Additionally, very few interventions exist to treat mTBI patients and prevent a possible accelerated cognitive decline. This study aimed to: 1) examine the long-term effects of a single mTBI on cognition in patients aged between 55 and 70 years old; and 2) evaluate the cognitive effects of an aerobic exercise program for these patients. METHODS Thirty-five participants (average age: 58.89, SD=4.14) were assessed using neuropsychological tests. Among them, 18 hadsustained a mTBI two to seven years earlier. Significant differences in information processing speed, executive function and visual memory were found between controls and mTBI patients. Sixteen of the mTBI patients then engaged in a 12-week physical exercise program. They were divided into equivalent groups: 1) aerobic training (cycle ergometers); or 2) stretching exercises. The participants' cardiopulmonary fitness (VO<inf>2max</inf>) was evaluated pre- and postintervention and neuropsychological tests were re-administered postintervention. RESULTS Participants from the aerobic group significantly improved their fitness compared to the stretching group. However, no between-group difference was found on neuropsychological measures postintervention. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this study shows long-term cognitive effects of mTBI in late adulthood patients. Moreover, the controlled, 12-week aerobic exercise program did not lead to cognitive improvements in our small mTBI sample. Lastly, future directions in optimizing mTBI intervention are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Larson-Dupuis
- Montreal Sacred Heart Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Edith Léveillé
- Montreal Sacred Heart Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Marianne Jodoin
- Montreal Sacred Heart Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Hélène Bergeron
- Montreal Sacred Heart Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Julie Carrier
- Montreal Sacred Heart Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Véronique Pepin
- Montreal Sacred Heart Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Louis De Beaumont
- Montreal Sacred Heart Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada - .,Department of Surgery, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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87
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Effect of Combined Physical and Cognitive Interventions on Executive Functions in OLDER Adults: A Meta-Analysis of Outcomes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176166. [PMID: 32854323 PMCID: PMC7504145 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background: Both physical exercise and cognitive training can effectively improve executive functions in older adults. However, whether physical activity combined with cognitive training is more effective than a single intervention remains controversial. The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of combined physical and cognitive interventions on executive functions in older adults aged 65–80 years old. Methods: Randomized controlled trials of combined physical and cognitive interventions on executive functions in older adults were searched using the Web of Science, Elsevier Science, PubMed, EBSCO, Springer-Link, and NATURE databases. Data extraction and quality evaluation were done by Comprehensive Meta-Analysis, V3. Results: A total of 21 studies were included. The results showed that the combined physical and cognitive interventions produced significantly larger gains in executive functions, compared to the control group (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.14, 0.39], p < 0.01). Furthermore, the effects of the combined physical and cognitive interventions were moderated by the study quality, intervention length, and intervention frequency. No significant differences were found between the combined interventions and the physical intervention alone (SMD = 0.13, 95% CI [−0.07, 0.33], p > 0.05) or the cognitive intervention alone (SMD = 0.13, 95% CI [−0.05, 0.30], p > 0.05). Conclusions: The combined physical and cognitive interventions effectively delayed the decrease of executive functions in older adults and this effect was influenced by the length and frequency of the intervention as well as the research quality. However, the effect of the combined physical and cognitive interventions was not significantly better than that of each intervention alone.
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89
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Kotov SV, Isakova EV, Zaitseva EV, Egorova YV. [Multimodal stimulation in the neurorehabilitation of patients with poststroke cognitive impairment]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2020; 120:125-130. [PMID: 32621478 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2020120051125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Loss of functional activity after a stroke is a leading cause of disability in adults worldwide. Particular attention is currently being paid to post-stroke cognitive impairment. Approaches based on multimodal exposure are increasingly being used when planning rehabilitation programs, which makes it possible to comprehensively cover the entire spectrum of existing neurological disorders in patients and enables to achieve a more effective recovery of functional activity after a stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Kotov
- Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Clinical Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - E V Isakova
- Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Clinical Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - E V Zaitseva
- Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Clinical Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yu V Egorova
- Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Clinical Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
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90
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Biazus-Sehn LF, Schuch FB, Firth J, Stigger FDS. Effects of physical exercise on cognitive function of older adults with mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 89:104048. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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91
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Walsh EI, Smith L, Northey J, Rattray B, Cherbuin N. Towards an understanding of the physical activity-BDNF-cognition triumvirate: A review of associations and dosage. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 60:101044. [PMID: 32171785 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity has received substantial research attention due to its beneficial impact on cognition in ageing, particularly via the action of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). It is well established that physical activity can elevate circulating levels of BDNF, and that BDNF has neurotrophic, neuroprotective and cognitively beneficial properties. Yet, practical implementation of this knowledge is limited by a lack of clarity on context and dose-effect. Against a shifting backdrop of gradually diminishing physical and cognitive capacity in normal ageing, the type, intensity, and duration of physical activity required to elicit elevations in BDNF, and more importantly, the magnitude of BDNF elevation required for detectable neuroprotection remains poorly characterised. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the association between physical activity, BDNF, and cognition, with a focus on clarifying the magnitude of these effects in the context of normative ageing. We discuss the implications of the available evidence for the design of physical activity interventions intended to promote healthy cognitive ageing.
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92
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Effects of Simultaneously Performed Dual-Task Training with Aerobic Exercise and Working Memory Training on Cognitive Functions and Neural Systems in the Elderly. Neural Plast 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/3859824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Working memory (WM) training (WMT), aerobic exercise training (AET), and dual-task training improve cognitive functions and alter neural systems in older adults. In particular, the effects have been investigated of dual-task training that combines a walking or standing activity (balance exercise) simultaneously performed with cognitive training (which is ecologically difficult for the elderly). In this study, we investigated the effects of simultaneously performed dual-task training incorporating both AET and WMT (SDAEWMT), using a recumbent ergocycle bicycle and a WMT program that provided a portable console and made the training ecologically easy for the elderly. Older adults (65.9±13.7 years old) participated in 3 months of SDAEWMT, WMT, or AET after random allocation, and the effects of SDAEWMT were compared with those of WMT and AET. Prior to and after training, all the subjects underwent cognitive testing, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) involving diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and functional MRI during performance of an N-back WM task. SDAEWMT improved executive function (performance of a frontal assessment battery); however, there was no evidence of broader transfer effects or enhanced learning with WMT. SDAEWMT resulted in mean diffusivity changes in brain areas involving the dopaminergic system, suggesting that neural tissue changes occurred in these areas. SDAEWMT also resulted in an increase in brain activity during the 2-back working memory task in brain areas involved in attentional reorientation. These results suggest that SDAEWMT is effective for improving cognitive functions and inducing beneficial neural changes in older adults.
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93
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The Effect of a Multicomponent Dual-Task Exercise on Cortical Thickness in Older Adults with Cognitive Decline: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051312. [PMID: 32370159 PMCID: PMC7290566 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine cortical thickness changes associated with a multicomponent exercise intervention combining physical exercise and cognitive training in older adults with cognitive decline. This study involved a secondary analysis of neuroimaging data from a randomized controlled trial with 280 older adults having cognitive decline who were randomly assigned to either a multicomponent exercise group (n = 140) that attended weekly 90-minute exercise and cognitive training sessions or a health education control group (n = 140). The cortical thickness and cognitive performance were assessed at the baseline and at trial completion (10 months). The cortical thickness in the frontal and temporal regions was determined using FreeSurfer software. Cognitive performance was evaluated using the Gerontology-Functional Assessment Tool (NCGG-FAT). The cortical thickness significantly increased in the middle temporal (p < 0.001) and temporal pole (p < 0.001) in the multicomponent exercise group compared with the control group. Cortical thickness changes were significantly associated with change in trail making test (TMT)-A, TMT-B, and story memory after a 10-month multicomponent exercise intervention. This study suggests that multicomponent exercise programs combining physical exercise and cognitive training have important implications for brain health, especially in providing protection from age-related cortical thinning.
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94
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Senior physical activity contests in nursing homes: a feasibility study. Aging Clin Exp Res 2020; 32:869-876. [PMID: 32189244 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-020-01529-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Competition has been shown to improve motivation and physical performance in young people. This method has been rarely studied in older people. AIMS To evaluate the feasibility of senior physical activity (PA) contests between two nursing homes and to assess changes in the motivational level and physical performance of the residents over time. METHODS Residents from two Belgian nursing homes were invited to participate in PA contests. A pretest and three contest sessions were organized over a period of 3 months. The activities proposed were body balance, gait speed, sit-to-stand performance, arm curl and address tests. Feasibility was measured by contest session adherence (expected score > 80%), difficulty scores (expected score < 40%) and appreciation scores (expected score > 80%). Motivational questionnaires were administered: the BREQ-2 (assessing amotivation, introjected regulation, identified regulation, intrinsic motivation and external motivation) and the A-PMCEQ (assessing ego- and task-involving climates). Friedman's analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the changes in physical performance and motivational levels. RESULTS Of the 24 participants, seven did not complete all sessions because of medical or personal reasons not related to the study. During the three sessions, the adherence was 86%, the mean difficulty score was 30.8% and the satisfaction score was 87%. After three sessions, residents experienced a significant decrease ranged from 3 to 0 point for amotivation (p = 0.03), 1 to 0 point for external motivation (p = 0.03) and 2.5 to 2 points for ego-involving climate (p = 0.02) and a significant improvement ranged from 0.7 to 0.9 m/s for gait speed (p < 0.001), 18.5 to 15.6 s for sit-to-stand performance (p < 0.001) and 11.5 to 15 curls for arm curl scores (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In nursing home settings, senior PA contests are feasible and may improve the motivational climate and physical performance.
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Borges de Araujo T, Martins WR, Freitas MP, Camargos E, Mota J, Safons MP. An Exploration of Equine-Assisted Therapy to Improve Balance, Functional Capacity, and Cognition in Older Adults With Alzheimer Disease. J Geriatr Phys Ther 2020; 42:E155-E160. [PMID: 29630005 DOI: 10.1519/jpt.0000000000000167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Alzheimer disease (AD) is a chronic, progressive dementia syndrome that features cognitive and behavioral symptoms, as well as physical and functional limitations that develop over the course of the disease. As an activity that involves physical and cognitive aspects, equine-assisted therapy (EAT) could be a useful therapeutic approach in conditions that involve physical and cognitive decline. However, to date, there are no reports of the use of this therapy in participants with AD. Within this context, the objective of this case series was to describe the effects of EAT on balance, functional capacity, and cognition in older adults diagnosed with AD. METHODS We enrolled 9 participants, of both sexes, with a mean age of 79.7 (7.8) years and a diagnosis of AD. The study intervention comprised 20 sessions of EAT. We evaluated participants at baseline and at the end of the intervention. Outcome measures were balance (force plate), functional capacity (Timed Up and Go test and 30-second chair stand test), and cognition (verbal fluency and Mini-Mental State Examination). RESULTS Comparison between the pre- and postintervention time points (Wilcoxon test) revealed significant improvements in balance (center of pressure in the anterior-posterior direction, P = .017) and functional capacity (Timed Up and Go test, P = .036, and 30-second chair stand test, P = .012). CONCLUSION These findings provide evidence of an association between EAT and improved balance and functional capacity in older adults with AD, with no significant impact on cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Borges de Araujo
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, School of Physical Education, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Bazil
| | - Wagner Rodrigues Martins
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Faculdade de Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Bazil
| | - Marco Polo Freitas
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Bazil
| | - Einstein Camargos
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Bazil
| | - Jéssica Mota
- Faculdade de Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Bazil
| | - Marisete Peralta Safons
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, School of Physical Education, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Bazil
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Zhang H, Peng Y, Li C, Lan H, Xing G, Chen Z, Zhang B. Playing Mahjong for 12 Weeks Improved Executive Function in Elderly People With Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Study of Implications for TBI-Induced Cognitive Deficits. Front Neurol 2020; 11:178. [PMID: 32292385 PMCID: PMC7120035 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is common among elderly people. So far, effective treatment that can stabilize or reverse the cognitive decline associated with MCI is lacking. Recent studies suggest that playing mahjong may improve attention and memory in elderly people. However, its effect on executive function remains unknown. Methods: 56 elderly people (74.3 ± 4.3 years of age) with MCI from the First Social Welfare the First Nursing Home of Nanchong were randomized into mahjong and control groups (N = 28, each group). Subjects in the mahjong group played mahjong three times a week for 12 weeks, while people in the control group assumed normal daily activity. Executive function was evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment—Beijing (MoCA-B), the Shape Trail Test (STT), and the Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ) before the study and then at 6 and 12 weeks after mahjong administration. Results: There were no baseline differences in MoCA-B, STT, and FAQ scoring between the two groups. The MoCA-B, STT, and FAQ scores, however, improved significantly in the mahjong group but not in the control group after the 12-week mahjong administration. Significant correlations were also found between STT and FAQ scores. Conclusions: Playing Mahjong for 12 weeks improved the executive function of elderly people with MCI. Because Mahjong is a simple, low-cost entertainment activity, it could be widely applied to slow down or reverse the progression of cognitive decline in people with MCI, including those with traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital and the Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical University, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, China
| | - Yi Peng
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital and the Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical University, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, China
| | - Chunliu Li
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital and the Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical University, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, China
| | - Hong Lan
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital and the Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical University, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, China
| | - Guoqiang Xing
- The Affiliated Hospital and the Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical University, Nanchong, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital and the Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical University, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital and the Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical University, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, China
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Ji Z, Feng T, Wang H. The Effects of 12-Week Physical Exercise Tapping High-level Cognitive Functions. Adv Cogn Psychol 2020; 16:59-66. [PMID: 32676132 PMCID: PMC7352119 DOI: 10.5709/acp-0284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of physical exercise tapping high-level cognitive functions on both cognitive function and fitness in older adults. In total, 96 healthy older adults took part in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to four groups: a cognitive training group (CG), physical exercise group (PG), simultaneous cognitive training and physical exercise group (C+PG), and the healthy control group (HG; received physical exercise materials but did not participate in a cognitive or exercise programme). The outcomes were the changes in the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), timed up-and-go (TUG) test, and the computerized modified Stroop task, which included two conditions, a naming condition (nonexecutive) and an executive condition. The results showed that the dynamic balance, cardiorespiratory endurance, and physical activity levels of the PG and C+PG were significantly better than those of the HG after the 12-week intervention. The times of the TUG test in these two groups were also significantly faster than those in the HG. Additionally, the C+PG exhibited better dual-task function than the PG. Over 12 weeks, the CG, PG, and C+PG demonstrated improved performance of executive function, but only the C+PG showed a general facilitative effect on nonexecutive control. Physical exercise tapping high-level cognitive functions and cognitive training can thus improve executive function more quickly than physical exercise alone. Moreover, physical exercise tapping high-level cognitive functions showed better fitness improvement than cognitive training alone, especially in dynamic balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguang Ji
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Feng
- Physical Education College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongbiao Wang
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Di Lorito C, Bosco A, Pollock K, H. Harwood R, das Nair R, Logan P, Goldberg S, Booth V, Vedhara K, Godfrey M, Dunlop M, van der Wardt V. External Validation of the ' PHYT in Dementia', a Theoretical Model Promoting Physical Activity in People with Dementia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E1544. [PMID: 32121040 PMCID: PMC7084200 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity is beneficial for people with dementia. We previously developed a theoretical model to explain behaviour change in physical activity in dementia (PHYT-in-dementia). This study aimed to externally validate the model. Validation occurred through the process evaluation of a programme promoting activity in people with dementia (PrAISED 2). Twenty participants with dementia and their carers were interviewed to investigate their experience of the programme. The data were analysed through content analysis. The original constructs of the model were used as initial codes and new codes were generated, if elicited from the data. The constructs were also ranked, based on their frequency in the interviews. All of the original model constructs were validated and two novel constructs created: 'personal history' and 'information/knowledge'. Certain constructs (e.g., support) were more frequently mentioned than others (e.g., personal beliefs). We suggested modifications and integrated them into a revised model. The PHYT-in-dementia recognised that dementia has an impact on motivation to initiate and maintain behaviour change over time. The model advocates that interventions adopt a more holistic approach than traditional behaviour change strategies. The suggested revisions require further validation to accurately predict behaviour change in physical activity in people with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Di Lorito
- Division of Rehabilitation, Ageing and Wellbeing, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (P.L.); (V.B.); (M.G.); (M.D.)
| | - Alessandro Bosco
- Division of Psychiatry & Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham and Institute of Mental Health, Triumph Road, Nottingham NG7 2TU, UK; (A.B.); (R.d.N.)
| | - Kristian Pollock
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (K.P.); (R.H.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Rowan H. Harwood
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (K.P.); (R.H.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Roshan das Nair
- Division of Psychiatry & Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham and Institute of Mental Health, Triumph Road, Nottingham NG7 2TU, UK; (A.B.); (R.d.N.)
| | - Pip Logan
- Division of Rehabilitation, Ageing and Wellbeing, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (P.L.); (V.B.); (M.G.); (M.D.)
| | - Sarah Goldberg
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (K.P.); (R.H.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Vicky Booth
- Division of Rehabilitation, Ageing and Wellbeing, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (P.L.); (V.B.); (M.G.); (M.D.)
| | - Kavita Vedhara
- Division of Primary Care, School of Medicine, Room 1305 Tower Building, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
| | - Maureen Godfrey
- Division of Rehabilitation, Ageing and Wellbeing, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (P.L.); (V.B.); (M.G.); (M.D.)
| | - Marianne Dunlop
- Division of Rehabilitation, Ageing and Wellbeing, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (P.L.); (V.B.); (M.G.); (M.D.)
| | - Veronika van der Wardt
- Wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin, Zentrum für Methodenwissenschaften und Gesundheitsforschung Abteilung für Allgemeinmedizin, Präventive und Rehabilitative Medizin, Philipps-Universität Marburg Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany;
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Impact of a supervised multicomponent physical exercise program on cognitive functions in patients with type 2 diabetes. Geriatr Nurs 2020; 41:421-428. [PMID: 32005445 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the impact of a multicomponent exercise program on cognitive functions in participants with Type 2 Diabetes. Participants (n = 70, 65.6 ± 5.9 years) engaged in the program (75 min per session; 3 x week) for 32 weeks. A battery of cognitive tests was performed at baseline and study completion. Two groups were formed according to their attendance rate (low and high attendance), and statistical comparisons were computed on their changes in cognitive performance. Such changes were also associated with the attendance rate for all participants. Results showed no significant differences between groups in their change scores, although there were some within-group differences in both groups. Correlation analysis showed that the attendance rate was not associated with cognitive performance changes, except for one variable. As the exercise program did not improve cognitive function, we discuss the potential of future interventions to incorporate dual-task activities merging physical and cognitive stimulation.
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100
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Physical and cognitive training attenuate hippocampal ischemia-induced memory impairments in rat. Brain Res Bull 2020; 155:202-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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