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Dysregulated Autophagy Mediates Sarcopenic Obesity and Its Complications via AMPK and PGC1α Signaling Pathways: Potential Involvement of Gut Dysbiosis as a Pathological Link. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186887. [PMID: 32961822 PMCID: PMC7555990 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity (SOB), which is closely related to being elderly as a feature of aging, is recently gaining attention because it is associated with many other age-related diseases that present as altered intercellular communication, dysregulated nutrient sensing, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Along with insulin resistance and inflammation as the core pathogenesis of SOB, autophagy has recently gained attention as a significant mechanism of muscle aging in SOB. Known as important cellular metabolic regulators, the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) signaling pathways play an important role in autophagy, inflammation, and insulin resistance, as well as mutual communication between skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver. Furthermore, AMPK and PGC-1α signaling pathways are implicated in the gut microbiome-muscle axis. In this review, we describe the pathological link between SOB and its associated complications such as metabolic, cardiovascular, and liver disease, falls and fractures, osteoarthritis, pulmonary disease, and mental health via dysregulated autophagy controlled by AMPK and/or PGC-1α signaling pathways. Here, we propose potential treatments for SOB by modulating autophagy activity and gut dysbiosis based on plausible pathological links.
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Can miRNAs Be Considered as Diagnostic and Therapeutic Molecules in Ischemic Stroke Pathogenesis?-Current Status. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186728. [PMID: 32937836 PMCID: PMC7555634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Clinical manifestations of stroke are long-lasting and causing economic burden on the patients and society. Current therapeutic modalities to treat ischemic stroke (IS) are unsatisfactory due to the intricate pathophysiology and poor functional recovery of brain cellular compartment. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are endogenously expressed small non-coding RNA molecules, which can act as translation inhibitors and play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology associated with IS. Moreover, miRNAs may be used as potential diagnostic and therapeutic tools in clinical practice; yet, the complete role of miRNAs is enigmatic during IS. In this review, we explored the role of miRNAs in the regulation of stroke risk factors viz., arterial hypertension, metabolic disorders, and atherosclerosis. Furthermore, the role of miRNAs were reviewed during IS pathogenesis accompanied by excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and Alzheimer's disease. The functional role of miRNAs is a double-edged sword effect in cerebral ischemia as they could modulate pathological mechanisms associated with risk factors of IS. miRNAs pertaining to IS pathogenesis could be potential biomarkers for stroke; they could help researchers to identify a particular stroke type and enable medical professionals to evaluate the severity of brain injury. Thus, ascertaining the role of miRNAs may be useful in deciphering their diagnostic role consequently it is plausible to envisage a suitable therapeutic modality against IS.
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Ait-Aissa K, Nguyen QM, Gabani M, Kassan A, Kumar S, Choi SK, Gonzalez AA, Khataei T, Sahyoun AM, Chen C, Kassan M. MicroRNAs and obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction: key paradigms in molecular therapy. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2020; 19:136. [PMID: 32907629 PMCID: PMC7488343 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-020-01107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelium plays a pivotal role in maintaining vascular health. Obesity is a global epidemic that has seen dramatic increases in both adult and pediatric populations. Obesity perturbs the integrity of normal endothelium, leading to endothelial dysfunction which predisposes the patient to cardiovascular diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecules that play important roles in a variety of cellular processes such as differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and stress response; their alteration contributes to the development of many pathologies including obesity. Mediators of obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction include altered endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), oxidative stress, autophagy machinery and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. All of these factors have been shown to be either directly or indirectly caused by gene regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive description of the therapeutic potential of miRNAs to treat obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction. This may lead to the identification of new targets for interventions that may prevent or delay the development of obesity-related cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Ait-Aissa
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, and Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Quynh My Nguyen
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Mohanad Gabani
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, and Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Adam Kassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Coast University, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, and Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Soo-Kyoung Choi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Alexis A Gonzalez
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia, Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Tahsin Khataei
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, and Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Amal M Sahyoun
- Department of Food Science and Agriculture Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of emergency and Critical Care, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Modar Kassan
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, and Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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Sapp RM, Landers-Ramos RQ, Shill DD, Springer CB, Hagberg JM. Sex-specific alterations in blood-borne factors in physically inactive individuals are detrimental to endothelial cell functions. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 129:664-674. [PMID: 32730175 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00292.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying the protective effects of both habitual endurance exercise and the female sex on vascular function are incompletely understood. Blood-borne circulating factors, such as circulating microRNAs (ci-miRs), may partially explain these effects. Blood samples were obtained from young, healthy men and women who either habitually performed endurance exercise (endurance trained) or were relatively inactive (sedentary). Women were tested during the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle or the placebo pill phase of oral contraceptive to control for estrogen. Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to participants' serum in migration, proliferation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify an initial array of 84 cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related ci-miRs, followed by validation of 10 ci-miRs. All participants were devoid of traditional CVD risk factors, and circulating estradiol concentration was not different between groups. Serum of endurance-trained women induced greater HUVEC migration compared with serum of sedentary women. HUVEC ROS production was greater in response to serum of sedentary men compared with serum of endurance-trained men and sedentary women. There were sex effects on the levels of nine ci-miRs, with greater levels in men, while ci-miRs-140-5p and 145-5p were also higher in sedentary compared with endurance-trained men and/or women. In a sex-specific manner, habitual endurance exercise was associated with beneficial effects of serum on HUVECs. Thus, alterations in circulating factors may contribute to the protective effects of habitual endurance exercise on vascular health. Additionally, sex had a greater impact than habitual activity level on the levels of vascular-related ci-miRs.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Serum from sedentary women caused impaired endothelial migration, whereas serum from sedentary men elicited increased endothelial reactive oxygen species production as compared with serum from their endurance-trained counterparts. Select CVD-related circulating microRNAs (ci-miRs) were higher in men than women, while ci-miRs-140-5p and 145-5p were also higher in sedentary versus trained men and/or women. Our data suggest that alterations in circulating factors may contribute to the protective effects of habitual exercise and sex on vascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Sapp
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | | | - Daniel D Shill
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Catherine B Springer
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - James M Hagberg
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
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The Interplay between Oxidative Stress and miRNAs in Obesity-Associated Hepatic and Vascular Complications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9070607. [PMID: 32664383 PMCID: PMC7402144 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the obesity pandemic is one of the most relevant health issues worldwide. This condition is tightly related to comorbidities such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), namely atherosclerosis. Dysregulated lipid metabolism and inflammation link these three diseases, leading to a subsequent increase of oxidative stress (OS) causing severe cellular damage. On the other hand, microRNAs (miRNAs) are short, single-stranded, non-coding RNAs that act as post-transcriptional negative regulators of gene expression, thus being involved in the molecular mechanisms that promote the development of many pathologies including obesity and its comorbidities. The involvement of miRNAs in promoting or opposing OS in disease progression is becoming more evident. Some miRNAs, such as miR-200a and miR.421, seem to play important roles in OS control in NAFLD. On the other hand, miR-92a and miR-133, among others, are important in the development of atherosclerosis. Moreover, since both diseases are linked to obesity, they share common altered miRNAs, being miR-34a and miR-21 related to OS. This review summarizes the latest advances in the knowledge about the mechanisms of oxidative stress (OS) generation in obesity-associated NAFLD and atherosclerosis, as well as the role played by miRNAs in the regulation of such mechanisms.
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Shi X, Pan S, Li L, Li Y, Ma W, Wang H, Xu C, Li L, Wang D. HIX003209 promotes vascular smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation through modulating miR-6089. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:8913-8922. [PMID: 32463793 PMCID: PMC7288934 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating references have showed that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) act important roles in the development of human diseases. The role and expression of HIX003209 remains unclear in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We showed that HIX003209 expression was upregulated in atherosclerotic coronary tissues compared to normal coronary artery samples. HIX003209 was overexpressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) induced by inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), ox-LDL and latelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB). Ectopic expression of HIX003209 enhanced cell growth and migration and induced inflammatory mediators secretion such as interleukin 6 (IL-6), TNF-α and IL-1β in VSMCs. Furthermore, we showed that miR-6089 was downregulated in atherosclerotic coronary tissues compared to normal coronary artery samples. There was a negative association between expression of HIX003209 and miR-6089 in atherosclerotic coronary tissues. MiR-6089 expression was decreased in VSMCs induced by inflammatory mediators including TNF-α, ox-LDL and PDGF-BB. Dual luciferase analysis showed that miR-6089 overexpression decreased luciferase activity of HIX003209 WT-type 3’-UTR but not the mut-type 3’-UTR. Overexpression of HIX003209 suppressed the expression of miR-6089 in VSMCs. Ectopic expression of HIX003209 induced cell growth, migration and the secretion of inflammatory mediators via regulating miR-6089 expression. These data suggested that HIX003209 promoted VSMCs proliferation, migration and the secretion of inflammatory mediators partly via regulating miR-6089.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Shi
- Department of Emergency, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin 300192, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Pan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Jinzhou Medicine University, Jinzhou 121000, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Clinical Nutrition Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqi Li
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 3050005, Japan
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Anatomy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Dalian 116021, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiming Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Neurosurgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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Zhu L, Gong X, Gong J, Xuan Y, Fu T, Ni S, Xu L, Ji N. Notoginsenoside R1 upregulates miR-221-3p expression to alleviate ox-LDL-induced apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB pathway in HUVECs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 53:e9346. [PMID: 32401923 PMCID: PMC7233198 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20209346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a common vascular disease, which can cause apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells. Notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1) is considered an anti-AS drug. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are believed to play a vital role in cell apoptosis and angiogenesis. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of NGR1 for treating AS through miRNAs. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis rate. The levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β were detected using ELISA. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured using corresponding assay kits. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay was performed to detect miR-221-3p expression. Dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays were carried out to examine the relationship between miR-221-3p and toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4). Also, western blot analysis was performed to determine the levels of TLR4 and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway-related proteins. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. NGR1 alleviated the negative effect of ox-LDL through promoting the expression of miR-221-3p in HUVECs. TLR4 was a target of miR-221-3p, and its overexpression could reverse the inhibition effects of miR-221-3p on apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. NGR1 improved miR-221-3p expression to inhibit the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway in ox-LDL-treated HUVECs. NGR1 decreased ox-LDL-induced HUVECs apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress through increasing miR-221-3p expression, thereby inhibiting the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. This study of the mechanism of NGR1 provided a more theoretical basis for the treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingbo Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital of Yiwu, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyan Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital of Yiwu, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianping Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital of Yiwu, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yungang Xuan
- Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital of Yiwu, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital of Yiwu, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shimao Ni
- Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital of Yiwu, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital of Yiwu, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ningning Ji
- Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital of Yiwu, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
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58
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Kränkel N, Strässler E, Uhlemann M, Müller M, Briand-Schumacher S, Klingenberg R, Schulze PC, Adams V, Schuler G, Lüscher TF, Möbius-Winkler S, Landmesser U. Extracellular vesicle species differentially affect endothelial cell functions and differentially respond to exercise training in patients with chronic coronary syndromes. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2020; 28:1467-1474. [PMID: 32380860 DOI: 10.1177/2047487320919894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles are released upon cellular activation and mediate inter-cellular communication. Individual species of extracellular vesicles might have divergent roles in vascular homeostasis and may show different responses to therapies such as exercise training. AIMS We examine endothelial effects of medium-size and small extracellular vesicles from the same individual with or without chronic coronary syndrome, and in chronic coronary syndrome patients participating in a four-week high-intensity interval training intervention. METHODS Human aortic endothelial cells were exposed to medium-size extracellular vesicles and small extracellular vesicles isolated from plasma samples of study participants. Endothelial cell survival, activation and re-endothelialisation capacity were assessed by respective staining protocols. Extracellular vesicles were quantified by nanoparticle tracking analysis and flow cytometry. Extracellular vesicle microRNA expression was quantified by realtime-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS In patients with chronic coronary syndrome (n = 25), plasma counts of leukocyte-derived medium-size extracellular vesicles were higher than in age-matched healthy controls (n = 25; p = 0.04) and were reduced by high-intensity interval training (n = 15; p = 0.01 vs baseline). Re-endothelialisation capacity was promoted by medium-size extracellular vesicles from controls, but not by medium-size extracellular vesicles from chronic coronary syndrome patients. High-intensity interval training for 4 weeks enhanced medium-size extracellular vesicle-mediated support of in vitro re-endothelialisation. Small extracellular vesicles from controls or chronic coronary syndrome patients increased endothelial cell death and reduced repair functions and were not affected by high-intensity interval training. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that medium-size extracellular vesicles and small extracellular vesicles differentially affect endothelial cell survival and repair responses. This equilibrium is unbalanced in patients with chronic coronary syndrome where leukocyte-derived medium-size extracellular vesicles are increased leading to a loss of medium-size extracellular vesicle-mediated endothelial repair. High-intensity interval training partially restored medium-size extracellular vesicle-mediated endothelial repair, underlining its use in cardiovascular prevention and therapy to improve endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolle Kränkel
- Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Germany.,Center of Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Strässler
- Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Germany.,Center of Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Maja Müller
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Volker Adams
- Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany.,Heart Center Dresden, TU Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Center of Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.,Heart Division, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, UK
| | - Sven Möbius-Winkler
- Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Jena, Germany
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Germany.,Center of Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
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Fan L, Lei H, Zhang S, Peng Y, Fu C, Shu G, Yin G. Non-canonical signaling pathway of SNAI2 induces EMT in ovarian cancer cells by suppressing miR-222-3p transcription and upregulating PDCD10. Theranostics 2020; 10:5895-5913. [PMID: 32483426 PMCID: PMC7254989 DOI: 10.7150/thno.43198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the most lethal malignancies in women worldwide. Many studies showed the transcription factor SNAI2-induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) through inhibiting E-cadherin (E-cad) expression. Our previous study reported that miR-222-3p was an important tumor-suppressive miRNA for EOC development and dissemination. The present study aimed to acquire a deeper mechanistic understanding of the role of miR-222-3p regulation that might contribute to improving current anti-metastasis strategies in EOC. Methods: A variety of techniques were used to measure mRNA and protein expression levels, including quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blot, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, and immunofluorescence (IF). Four different microRNA (miRNA) target prediction databases were used to predict the target genes of miR-222. Luciferase assay was performed to determine the direct binding of miR-222-3p to the untranslated region (3'-UTR) of PDCD10. The biological effects of PDCD10 and miR-222-3p were also investigated in vitro by Transwell and wound healing assays, as well as in vivo by a xenograft mice model. Combining UCSC and JASPAR, as well as ENCODE public databases, we predicted that the transcription factor SNAI2 could affect miR-222-3p expression. Luciferase assay was utilized to examine the validity of putative SNAI2 binding sites for miR-222-3p regulation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was used to explore the SNAI2's occupancy on the miR-222-3p promoter. Results: We observed the inhibitory effect of SNAI2 on miR-222-3p transcription and confirmed the tumor-suppressive function of miR-222-3p both in EOC cells and tissues. PDCD10 was upregulated and inversely correlated with miR-222-3p, both in vitro and in vivo, which was consistent with the information in bioinformatics databases. Furthermore, We observed direct binding of miR-222-3p to the 3'-UTR of PDCD10 and inhibition of PDCD10 translation, which, in turn, inhibited EOC cell migration in vitro and repressed EOC xenografted tumor metastasis in vivo. We found that genetic overexpression of PDCD10 (OE-PDCD10) increased cancer metastasis by down-regulating E-cad and enhancing Vimentin (VIM) thereby inducing EMT and promoting β-catenin/Wnt-mediated cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Fan
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Han Lei
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Sai Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yulong Peng
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chunyan Fu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Guang Shu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province
| | - Gang Yin
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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Role of microRNAs in the Development of Cardiovascular Disease in Systemic Autoimmune Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062012. [PMID: 32188016 PMCID: PMC7139533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) are the systemic autoimmune diseases (SADs) most associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular (CV) events. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) in SADs results from a complex interaction between traditional CV-risk factors, immune deregulation and disease activity. Oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory/prothrombotic mediators (cytokines/chemokines, adipokines, proteases, adhesion-receptors, NETosis-derived-products, and intracellular-signaling molecules) have been implicated in these vascular pathologies. Genetic and genomic analyses further allowed the identification of signatures explaining the pro-atherothrombotic profiles in RA, SLE and APS. However, gene modulation has left significant gaps in our understanding of CV co-morbidities in SADs. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as key post-transcriptional regulators of a suite of signaling pathways and pathophysiological effects. Abnormalities in high number of miRNA and their associated functions have been described in several SADs, suggesting their involvement in the development of atherosclerosis and thrombosis in the setting of RA, SLE and APS. This review focusses on recent insights into the potential role of miRNAs both, as clinical biomarkers of atherosclerosis and thrombosis in SADs, and as therapeutic targets in the regulation of the most influential processes that govern those disorders, highlighting the potential diagnostic and therapeutic properties of miRNAs in the management of CVD.
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Vasudeva K, Munshi A. miRNA dysregulation in ischaemic stroke: Focus on diagnosis, prognosis, therapeutic and protective biomarkers. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 52:3610-3627. [PMID: 32022336 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in both developing and developed countries. Biomarkers for stroke and its outcome can greatly facilitate early detection and management of the disease. miRNAs have been explored for their potential as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and brain injury in ischaemic stroke. A substantial body of evidence suggests that miRNAs play key roles in numerous cellular changes following ischaemic stroke including mitochondrial dysfunction, energy failure, cytokine-mediated cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, activation of glial cells, increased intracellular calcium levels inflammatory responses and disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In addition, targeting specific miRNAs, therapeutic modulation of brain injury and apoptosis can also be achieved. Therefore, the current review has been compiled within an aim to give an overview of the developments exploiting miRNAs at different stages of stroke as prognostic, diagnostic, protective and therapeutic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Vasudeva
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Anjana Munshi
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
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62
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Chong H, Wei Z, Na M, Sun G, Zheng S, Zhu X, Xue Y, Zhou Q, Guo S, Xu J, Wang H, Cui L, Zhang CY, Jiang X, Wang D. The PGC-1α/NRF1/miR-378a axis protects vascular smooth muscle cells from FFA-induced proliferation, migration and inflammation in atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2020; 297:136-145. [PMID: 32120345 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Atherosclerosis (AS) is the leading cause of cardiovascular diseases. PGC-1α is a key regulator of cellular energy homeostasis, but its role in AS remains debatable. METHODS AND RESULTS In our study, PGC-1α was shown to be significantly decreased in the media of human atherosclerotic vessels. To explore whether miRNAs might be regulated by PGC-1α in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), microarray analysis was performed. Microarray and Pearson's correlation analysis showed that PGC-1α and miR-378a were positively correlated in vivo and in vitro. As an upstream co-activator, PGC-1α was found to regulate miR-378a through binding to the transcriptional factor NRF1 in VSMCs. Therefore, the decreased expression of PGC-1α might account for suppression of miR-378a in VSMCs in AS. Furthermore, IGF1 and TLR8, two genes known to be aberrantly up-regulated in atherogenic vessels, were identified as direct targets of miR-378a. In vitro up-regulation of miR-378a markedly inhibited free fatty acid (FFA)-induced VSMC proliferation, migration and inflammation through targeting IGF1 and TLR8. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the protective role of the PGC-1α/NRF1/miR-378a regulatory axis in AS progression and suggest miR-378a as potential therapeutic target for AS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoshun Chong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, China
| | - Zhe Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, China
| | - Muhan Na
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, China
| | - Gongrui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, China
| | - Shasha Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, China
| | - Xiyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, China
| | - Yunxing Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, China
| | - Shanjun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, China
| | - Jinhong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, China
| | - Haoquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, China
| | - Le Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, China
| | - Chen-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, China
| | - Xiaohong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, China.
| | - Dongjin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, China; Institute of Cardiothoracic Vascular Disease, Nanjing University, China.
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63
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de Mendonça M, de Sousa É, da Paixão AO, Araújo Dos Santos B, Roveratti Spagnol A, Murata GM, Araújo HN, Imamura de Lima T, Passos Simões Fróes Guimarães DS, Silveira LR, Rodrigues AC. MicroRNA miR-222 mediates pioglitazone beneficial effects on skeletal muscle of diet-induced obese mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 501:110661. [PMID: 31770568 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Pioglitazone belongs to the class of drugs thiazolidinediones (TZDs) and is an oral hypoglycemic drug, used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, which improves insulin sensitivity in target tissues. Adipose tissue is the main target of pioglitazone, a PPARg and PPARa agonist; however, studies also point to skeletal muscle as a target. Non-PPAR targets of TZDs have been described, thus we aimed to study the direct effects of pioglitazone on skeletal muscle and the possible role of microRNAs as targets of this drug. Pioglitazone treatment of obese mice increased insulin-mediated glucose transport as a result of increased fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial activity. PPARg blockage by treatment with GW9662 nullified pioglitazone's effect on systemic and muscle insulin sensitivity and citrate synthase activity of obese mice. After eight weeks of high-fat diet, miR-221-3p expression in soleus muscle was similar among the groups and miR-23b-3p and miR-222-3p were up-regulated in obese mice compared to the control group, and treatment with pioglitazone was able to reverse this condition. In vitro studies in C2C12 cells suggest that inhibition of miR-222-3p protects C2C12 cells from insulin resistance and increased non-mitochondrial respiration induced by palmitate. Together, these data demonstrate a role of pioglitazone in the downregulation of microRNAs that is not dependent on PPARg. Moreover, miR-222 may be a novel PPARg-independent mechanism through which pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle.
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MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue/metabolism
- Animals
- Blood Glucose/drug effects
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Glucose/metabolism
- Glucose Tolerance Test
- Hypoglycemic Agents
- Insulin/metabolism
- Insulin Resistance/physiology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Obese
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Obesity/drug therapy
- Obesity/metabolism
- PPAR alpha/metabolism
- PPAR gamma/metabolism
- Palmitates/pharmacology
- Pioglitazone/pharmacology
- Thiazolidinediones/pharmacology
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Érica de Sousa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ailma O da Paixão
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gilson M Murata
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Hygor N Araújo
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tanes Imamura de Lima
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dimitrius Santiago Passos Simões Fróes Guimarães
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo R Silveira
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alice C Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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64
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Oka SI, Sabry AD, Cawley KM, Warren JS. Multiple Levels of PGC-1α Dysregulation in Heart Failure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:2. [PMID: 32083094 PMCID: PMC7002390 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic adaption is crucial for the heart to sustain its contractile activity under various physiological and pathological conditions. At the molecular level, the changes in energy demand impinge on the expression of genes encoding for metabolic enzymes. Among the major components of an intricate transcriptional circuitry, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) plays a critical role as a metabolic sensor, which is responsible for the fine-tuning of transcriptional responses to a plethora of stimuli. Cumulative evidence suggests that energetic impairment in heart failure is largely attributed to the dysregulation of PGC-1α. In this review, we summarize recent studies revealing how PGC-1α is regulated by a multitude of mechanisms, operating at different regulatory levels, which include epigenetic regulation, the expression of variants, post-transcriptional inhibition, and post-translational modifications. We further discuss how the PGC-1α regulatory cascade can be impaired in the failing heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichi Oka
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Amira D Sabry
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Keiko M Cawley
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Junco S Warren
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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65
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Liu H, Shi C, Deng Y. MALAT1 affects hypoxia-induced vascular endothelial cell injury and autophagy by regulating miR-19b-3p/HIF-1α axis. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 466:25-34. [PMID: 31933110 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03684-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease has become the leading cause of death in the world. Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) plays an important role in cardiovascular disease, such as stroke. However, the role of MALAT1 in hypoxia (HYP)-induced vascular endothelial cells (VECs) remains unclear. In the present study, HYP-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were utilized to simulate HYP-induced VEC injury. It was found that after HYP treatment, the levels of MALAT1 and hypoxia-induced factor-1 (HIF-1α) in HUVECs were upregulated, while the level of miR-19b-3p was downregulated. Knockdown of MALAT1 with siRNA significantly reduced the HIF-1α level induced by HYP. In addition, MALAT1 knockdown inhibited HYP-induced HUVECs apoptosis, autophagy and inflammation. The overexpression of HIF-1α overcame the effect of MALAT1 knockdown. Mechanism analysis showed that MALAT1-targeted miR-19b-3p and then regulated downstream HIF-1α. MALAT1 knockdown increased the level of miR-19b-3p in cells, and increased miR-19b-3p further inhibited the expression of HIF-1α, thereby reducing the HYP-induced HUVECs apoptosis, autophagy and inflammation. Taken together, these results suggest that MALAT1 may be a potential target for mitigating HYP-induced endothelial cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huzi Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Chunli Shi
- Department of Outpatient, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital (Institute), The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Yongzhi Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital (Institute), The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, No. 18, Yifen Street, Wanbailin District, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China.
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66
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Dong F, Dong S, Liang Y, Wang K, Qin Y, Zhao X. miR‑20b inhibits the senescence of human umbilical vein endothelial cells through regulating the Wnt/β‑catenin pathway via the TXNIP/NLRP3 axis. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:847-857. [PMID: 31922218 PMCID: PMC7015131 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell senescence is closely related to the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases and microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are considered as therapeutic targets for cardiovascular disease. The current study aimed to investigate the role of miR-20b in the senescence process of endothelial cells and its underlying mechanism. Cell viability, proportion of senescent cells and the cell cycle were respectively determined by Cell Counting Kit-8, SA-β-galactosidase and flow cytometry. The relative expressions of mRNA and protein were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. The possible target genes and binding sites of miR-20b were predicted using Targetscan and further verified by dual luciferase reporter assay. The present study found that H2O2 inhibited cell viability, caused cell cycle arrest in G1 phase, decreased miR-20b level and induced cell senescence. Moreover, high expression of miR-20b promoted cell viability and reduced H2O2-induced cell senescence, whereas low expression of miR-20b produced the opposite effects. Thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) was predicted as a target gene for miR-20b and knockdown of TXNIP increased cell viability, inhibited cell senescence, reduced the expression of p16, p21, TXNIP, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) and cleaved Caspase-1 and reversed the promoting effects of the miR-20b inhibitor and H2O2 on cell senescence. Furthermore, the knockdown of TXNIP inhibited the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The finding reveals that high expression of miR-20b inhibits the senescence of human umbilical vein endothelial cells through regulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway via the TXNIP/NLRP3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Shaohua Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Yongwen Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Xianxian Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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67
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Solly EL, Dimasi CG, Bursill CA, Psaltis PJ, Tan JTM. MicroRNAs as Therapeutic Targets and Clinical Biomarkers in Atherosclerosis. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E2199. [PMID: 31847094 PMCID: PMC6947565 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis develops over several decades and is mediated by a complex interplay of cellular mechanisms that drive a chronic inflammatory milieu and cell-to-cell interactions between endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and macrophages that promote plaque development and progression. While there has been significant therapeutic advancement, there remains a gap where novel therapeutic approaches can complement current therapies to provide a holistic approach for treating atherosclerosis to orchestrate the regulation of complex signalling networks across multiple cell types and different stages of disease progression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as important post-transcriptional regulators of a suite of molecular signalling pathways and pathophysiological cellular effects. Furthermore, circulating miRNAs have emerged as a new class of disease biomarkers to better inform clinical diagnosis and provide new avenues for personalised therapies. This review focusses on recent insights into the potential role of miRNAs both as therapeutic targets in the regulation of the most influential processes that govern atherosclerosis and as clinical biomarkers that may be reflective of disease severity, highlighting the potential theranostic (therapeutic and diagnostic) properties of miRNAs in the management of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Solly
- Vascular Research Centre, Heart and Vascular Health Program, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia; (E.L.S.); (C.G.D.); (C.A.B.); (P.J.P.)
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
| | - Catherine G. Dimasi
- Vascular Research Centre, Heart and Vascular Health Program, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia; (E.L.S.); (C.G.D.); (C.A.B.); (P.J.P.)
| | - Christina A. Bursill
- Vascular Research Centre, Heart and Vascular Health Program, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia; (E.L.S.); (C.G.D.); (C.A.B.); (P.J.P.)
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
| | - Peter J. Psaltis
- Vascular Research Centre, Heart and Vascular Health Program, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia; (E.L.S.); (C.G.D.); (C.A.B.); (P.J.P.)
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
| | - Joanne T. M. Tan
- Vascular Research Centre, Heart and Vascular Health Program, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia; (E.L.S.); (C.G.D.); (C.A.B.); (P.J.P.)
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
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68
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Piccinin E, Arconzo M, Graziano G, Vacca M, Peres C, Bellafante E, Villani G, Moschetta A. Hepatic microRNA Expression by PGC-1α and PGC-1β in the Mouse. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225735. [PMID: 31731670 PMCID: PMC6888418 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The fine-tuning of liver metabolism is essential to maintain the whole-body homeostasis and to prevent the onset of diseases. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivators (PGC-1s) are transcriptional key players of liver metabolism, able to regulate mitochondrial function, gluconeogenesis and lipid metabolism. Their activity is accurately modulated by post-translational modifications. Here, we showed that specific PGC-1s expression can lead to the upregulation of different microRNAs widely implicated in liver physiology and diseases development and progression, thus offering a new layer of complexity in the control of hepatic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Piccinin
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy or
| | - Maria Arconzo
- INBB, National Institute for Biostuctures and Biosystems, 00136 Rome, Italy; (M.A.); (G.G.); (C.P.)
| | - Giusi Graziano
- INBB, National Institute for Biostuctures and Biosystems, 00136 Rome, Italy; (M.A.); (G.G.); (C.P.)
| | - Michele Vacca
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 289, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK;
| | - Claudia Peres
- INBB, National Institute for Biostuctures and Biosystems, 00136 Rome, Italy; (M.A.); (G.G.); (C.P.)
| | - Elena Bellafante
- Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, 66030 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Gaetano Villani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy or
- INBB, National Institute for Biostuctures and Biosystems, 00136 Rome, Italy; (M.A.); (G.G.); (C.P.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +39-080-559-3262
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69
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Huang H, Wei G, Wang C, Lu Y, Liu C, Wang R, Shi X, Yang J, Wei Y. A functional polymorphism in the promoter of miR-17-92 cluster is associated with decreased risk of ischemic stroke. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:159. [PMID: 31703587 PMCID: PMC6839137 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-019-0589-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The microRNA-17-92 (miR-17-92) cluster is one of the most extensively studied miRNA clusters. Abnormal expression of the cluster has been found to play important role in different kinds of human diseases, including ischemic stroke (IS). The aim of our study was to investigate the association between three polymorphisms (rs1491034, rs9301654 and rs982873) in the promoter of the miR-17-92 cluster and risk of IS. Methods Three hundred and ninety-eight patients with IS and 397 control subjects were included. The genotypes of the three polymorphisms were determined by Snapshot SNP genotyping assay. Relative expression of the cluster in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of cases and controls were examined by quantitative real-time PCR. Results Significant association between rs9301654 polymorphism and risk of IS were observed basing on genotype, model and allele analyses (GA vs. AA: adjusted OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.41~0.97, P = 0.037; GG vs. AA: adjusted OR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.07~0.78, P = 0.018; GA + GG vs. AA: adjusted OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.38~0.87, P = 0.009; GA + AA vs. GG: adjusted OR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.08~0.89, P = 0.032; G vs. A: adjusted OR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.40~0.83). Haplotype analysis showed that TGC and TGT haplotypes were associated with decreased risk of IS (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.40~0.87, P = 0.007 for TGC haplotype; OR = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.06~0.75, P = 0.009 for TGT haplotype). Importantly, we found the expression of miR-17-5p was significant higher while miR-19a-3p was significant lower in patient with IS compared with the control group (P < 0.01), and patients with rs9301654GG or GA genotype displayed lower level of miR-19a-3p compared with the AA genotype (P < 0.01). Conclusions Our findings indicated that rs9301654 polymorphism in the promoter of miR-17-92 cluster may be associated with susceptibility of IS in the Chinese population. However, we found that rs9301654 polymorphism and its respective gene expression did not demonstrate consistent association with IS in the Chinese population. Further studies such as gene-gene interaction are warranted to reveal the role of miR-19a and its regulatory genes in the etiology of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huatuo Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Guijiang Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Chunfang Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Yulan Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Chunhong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiang Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yesheng Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China. .,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China.
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70
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Li X, Ballantyne LL, Yu Y, Funk CD. Perivascular adipose tissue-derived extracellular vesicle miR-221-3p mediates vascular remodeling. FASEB J 2019; 33:12704-12722. [PMID: 31469602 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901548r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue-secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing microRNAs (miRNAs) convey intercellular message signaling. The biogenesis of EV-miRNAs from perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) and their roles in intercellular communication in response to obesity-associated inflammation have not yet been fully explored. By feeding mice a high-fat diet for 16 wk, we established obesity-associated, chronic low-grade inflammation in PVAT, characterized as hypertrophy of perivascular adipocytes, decreased adipogenesis, and proinflammatory macrophage infiltration. We show that PVAT-derived EVs and their encapsulated miRNAs can be taken up into vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in vivo and in vitro. miR-221-3p is one of the highly enriched miRNAs in obese PVAT and PVAT-derived EVs. Transfer and direct overexpression of miR-221-3p dramatically enhances VSMC proliferation and migration. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α is identified as a miR-221-3p target in VSMC phenotypic modulation. Obese mice secrete abundant miRNA-containing EVs, evoking inflammatory responses in PVAT and vascular phenotypic switching in abdominal aorta of lean mice. Local delivery of miR-221-3p mimic in femoral artery causes vascular dysfunction by suppressing the contractile genes in the arterial wall. Our findings provide an EV-miR-221-3p-mediated mechanism by which PVAT triggers an early-stage vascular remodeling in the context of obesity-associated inflammation.-Li, X., Ballantyne, L. L., Yu, Y., Funk, C. D. Perivascular adipose tissue-derived extracellular vesicle miR-221-3p mediates vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhi Li
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laurel L Ballantyne
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Colin D Funk
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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71
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Li L, Li Y, Tang C. The role of microRNAs in the involvement of vascular smooth muscle cells in the development of atherosclerosis. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:1102-1112. [PMID: 31066128 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of nonprotein-encoding RNAs of ~22 nucleotides in length that bind to or complement each other with a target gene messenger RNA (mRNA) to promote mRNA degradation or inhibit translation of the target mRNA. The protein required [such as Toll-like receptor (TLR) proteins] is controlled at an optimal level. By affecting protein translation, miRNAs have become powerful regulators of biological processes, including development, differentiation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. MiRNAs are involved in the regulation of proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), thereby affecting the formation of atherosclerosis (AS). In recent years, the role and mechanism of miRNAs involved in AS development in VSMCs have been studied extensively. In the current study, the results and progress in miRNA research are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqing Li
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yongjun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Chengchun Tang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
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72
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miR-19 family: A promising biomarker and therapeutic target in heart, vessels and neurons. Life Sci 2019; 232:116651. [PMID: 31302195 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The miR-19 family, including miR-19a, miR-19b-1 and miR-19b-2, arises from two different paralogous clusters miR-17-92 and miR-106a-363. Although it is identified as oncogenic miRNA, the miR-19 family has also been found to play important roles in regulating normal tissue development. The precise control of miR-19 family level is essential for keeping tissue homeostasis and normal development of organisms. Its dysregulation leads to dysplasia, disease and even cancer. Therefore, this review focuses on the roles of miR-19 family in the development and disease of heart, vessels and neurons to estimate the potential value of miR-19 family as diagnostic biomarker or therapeutic target of cardiac, neurological, and vascular diseases.
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73
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Abstract
The process of fracture healing is complex and requires an interaction of multiple organ systems. Cell-cell communication is known to be very important during this process. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membranous vesicles generated from a variety of cells. Proteins, RNAs, small molecules, and mitochondria DNA were found to be transported among cells through EVs. EV-based cross talk represents a substantial cell-cell communication pattern that can both interact with cells through molecular surfaces and transfer molecules to cells. These interactions can assist in the synchronization of cellular functions among cells of the same kind, and coordinate the functions of different types of cells. After activation, platelets, neutrophils, macrophages, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and mesenchymal stem cell (') all secrete EVs, promoting the fracture healing process. Moreover, some studies have found evidence that EVs may be used for diagnosis and treatment of delayed fracture healing, and may be significantly involved in the pathophysiology of fracture healing disturbances. In this review, we summarize recent findings on EVs released by fracture healing-related cells, and EV-mediated communications during fracture healing. We also highlight the potential applications of EVs in fracture healing. Lastly, the prospect of EVs for research and clinical use is discussed.
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74
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Esplugas R, Arenas M, Serra N, Bellés M, Bonet M, Gascón M, Vallvé JC, Linares V. Effect of radiotherapy on the expression of cardiovascular disease-related miRNA-146a, -155, -221 and -222 in blood of women with breast cancer. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217443. [PMID: 31150454 PMCID: PMC6544229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most important neoplasias among women. Many patients receive radiotherapy (RT), which involves radiation exposure of the thoracic zone, including the heart and blood vessels, leading to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) as a long-term side effect. The severity of CVD-related pathologies leads research on assessing novel CVD biomarkers as diagnostic, prognostic or therapeutic agents. Currently, the possible candidates include blood microRNAs (miRNAs). Previous studies have supported a role for miRNA-146a, -155, -221, and -222 in the progression of CVD. Our purpose was to evaluate the RT-induced modulation of the expression of these miRNAs in the blood of women with BC. Pre-RT control and post-RT blood samples were collected, and after miRNA isolation and reverse transcription, the levels of the selected miRNAs were measured by real-time PCR. Our results showed that miRNA-155 exhibited the lowest expression, while miRNA-222 exhibited the highest expression, followed by miRNA-221. The expression of each individual miRNA was positively correlated with that of the others both pre-RT control and post-RT and inversely correlated with age before RT. Furthermore, RT promoted the overexpression of the selected miRNAs. Their levels were also affected by CVD-linked clinical parameters, treatment and BC side. Modulation of the expression of the selected miRNAs together with other risk factors might be associated with the development of future cardiovascular pathologies. Further confirmatory studies are needed to assess their potential as possible biomarkers in the progression of or as therapeutic targets for RT-induced CVD in BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roser Esplugas
- Physiology Unit, School of Medicine, IISPV, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
| | - Meritxell Arenas
- Radiation Oncology Department, Sant Joan University Hospital, IISPV, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
| | - Noemí Serra
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
| | - Montserrat Bellés
- Physiology Unit, School of Medicine, IISPV, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
| | - Marta Bonet
- Radiation Oncology Department, Sant Joan University Hospital, IISPV, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
| | - Marina Gascón
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Joan-Carles Vallvé
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Sant Joan University Hospital, IISPV, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Victoria Linares
- Physiology Unit, School of Medicine, IISPV, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
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75
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Exosomal miRNA-19b-3p of tubular epithelial cells promotes M1 macrophage activation in kidney injury. Cell Death Differ 2019; 27:210-226. [PMID: 31097789 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0349-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubulointerstitial inflammation is a common characteristic of acute and chronic kidney injury. However, the mechanism by which the initial injury of tubular epithelial cells (TECs) drives interstitial inflammation remains unclear. This paper aims to explore the role of exosomal miRNAs derived from TECs in the development of tubulointerstitial inflammation. Global microRNA(miRNA) expression profiling of renal exosomes was examined in a LPS induced acute kidney injury (AKI) mouse model and miR-19b-3p was identified as the miRNA that was most notably increased in TEC-derived exosomes compared to controls. Similar results were also found in an adriamycin (ADR) induced chronic proteinuric kidney disease model in which exosomal miR-19b-3p was markedly released. Interestingly, once released, TEC-derived exosomal miR-19b-3p was internalized by macrophages, leading to M1 phenotype polarization through targeting NF-κB/SOCS-1. A dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that SOCS-1 was the direct target of miR-19b-3p. Importantly, the pathogenic role of exosomal miR-19b-3p in initiating renal inflammation was revealed by the ability of adoptively transferred of purified TEC-derived exosomes to cause tubulointerstitial inflammation in mice, which was reversed by inhibition of miR-19b-3p. Clinically, high levels of miR-19b-3p were found in urinary exosomes and were correlated with the severity of tubulointerstitial inflammation in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Thus, our studies demonstrated that exosomal miR-19b-3p mediated the communication between injured TECs and macrophages, leading to M1 macrophage activation. The exosome/miR-19b-3p/SOCS1 axis played a critical pathologic role in tubulointerstitial inflammation, representing a new therapeutic target for kidney disease.
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76
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Nie X, Chen Y, Tan J, Dai Y, Mao W, Qin G, Ye S, Sun J, Yang Z, Chen J. MicroRNA-221-3p promotes pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells proliferation by targeting AXIN2 during pulmonary arterial hypertension. Vascul Pharmacol 2019; 116:24-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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77
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Suppression of miR-1197-3p attenuates H 2O 2-induced apoptosis of goat luteinized granulosa cells via targeting PPARGC1A. Theriogenology 2019; 132:72-82. [PMID: 31003067 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PPARGC1A) acts as a powerful coactivator of many transcriptional factors that relate to granulosa cell (GC) apoptosis. In this study, the miRNAs mediating goat follicular atresia and luteinized granulosa cell (LGC) apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) via PPARGC1A were investigated. Our results showed that miR-1197-3p targeted PPARGC1A was predicted by bioinformatics algorithm and verified by luciferase reporter assay. In addition, miR-1197-3p promoted goat LGC apoptosis via PPARGC1A through mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis pathway, and these effects could be restored by PPARGC1A overexpression. Moreover, H2O2-induced LGC apoptosis significantly upregulated miR-1197-3p expression and downregulated PPARGC1A level. Pretreatment of miR-1197-3p inhibitor alleviated LGC apoptosis induced by 400 μM H2O2 for 12 h, and preserved the mitochondrial membrane potential by increasing PPARGC1A expression. In conclusion, miR-1197-3p might act as an essential regulator of goat LGC apoptosis potentially via the mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis pathway by targeting PPARGC1A.
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78
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Fan R, Xiao C, Wan X, Cha W, Miao Y, Zhou Y, Qin C, Cui T, Su F, Shan X. Small molecules with big roles in microRNA chemical biology and microRNA-targeted therapeutics. RNA Biol 2019; 16:707-718. [PMID: 30900502 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2019.1593094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. Aberrant miRNA expression or function have close links with various human diseases. Therefore, therapeutic treatments with disease-associated miRNAs as targets are emerging. However, the intracellular miRNA networks are extremely complicated and poorly understood, which thus hinder the development of miRNA-targeted therapeutics. Small molecules that are able to regulate endogenous miRNAs hold great potential in both elucidation of miRNA networks and treatment of miRNA-related diseases. Herein, we summarize current strategies for discovery of small molecule modifiers of miRNAs, and we highlight aspects of miRNA cellular biology elucidated by using these small molecules and miRNA-targeted therapeutics realized by these small molecules. We envision that this area will expand dramatically in the near future and will ultimately contribute to a better understanding of miRNA-involved cellular processes and development of therapeutic agents for miRNA-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rengen Fan
- a Department of General Surgery, Yancheng City No. 1 People's Hospital , Yancheng , China
| | - Chaocheng Xiao
- b Department of General Surgery, Yancheng City No. 1 People's Hospital , Yancheng , China
| | - Xinqiang Wan
- c Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Yancheng City No. 1 People's Hospital , Yancheng , China
| | - Wenzhang Cha
- a Department of General Surgery, Yancheng City No. 1 People's Hospital , Yancheng , China
| | - Yufeng Miao
- d Department of Medical Oncology , Wuxi Third People's Hospital , Wuxi , China
| | - Yong Zhou
- a Department of General Surgery, Yancheng City No. 1 People's Hospital , Yancheng , China
| | - Chenglin Qin
- a Department of General Surgery, Yancheng City No. 1 People's Hospital , Yancheng , China
| | - Ting Cui
- e Department of Cardiology, The Third People's Hospital of Yancheng , Yancheng , China
| | - Fenglian Su
- f School of Medical University, Xuzhou , Xuzhou , China
| | - Xiangxiang Shan
- g Department of Geraeology, Yancheng City No.1 People's Hospital , Yancheng , China
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79
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Kim SW, Jo A, Im J, Lee HE, Kim HS. Expression analysis of miR-221-3p and its target genes in horses. Genes Genomics 2019; 41:459-465. [PMID: 30604147 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-018-00778-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A microRNA (miRNA) is a small non-coding RNA (ncRNA) approximately 20 nucleotides long and it affects gene expression through mRNA cleavage or translational repression. Horses (Equus caballus) have been domesticated and bred to enhance their speed for racing. It has been studied extensively with genetic diversity, origins and evolution. OBJECTIVES We examined expression patterns of miR-221-3p and its target gene CDKN1C in various horse tissues. METHODS We used bioinformatic tools to examine target gene, seed region and evolutionary conservation of miR-221-3p. The expression patterns of miR-221-3p and its target gene CDKN1C were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). RESULTS Among eight tissues of horse, miR-221-3p was highly expressed in cerebellum and spleen. On the other hand, only medulla was highly expressed in CDKN1C gene. CONCLUSION Our study provides expression data of miR-221-3p and CDKN1C gene in horse and suggests the fundamental information for future studies in relation to functional importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Won Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ara Jo
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jennifer Im
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Eun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Heui-Soo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea. .,Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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80
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Zhao Z, Pu Y. Lixisenatide enhances mitochondrial biogenesis and function through regulating the CREB/PGC-1α pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 508:1120-1125. [PMID: 30553453 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.11.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysregulation has been associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction and pathophysiological development of cardiovascular diseases. Lixisenatide is a drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Little information regarding the effects of lixisenatide on mitochondrial function in endothelial cells has been reported before. In the current study, we found that treatment with lixisenatide significantly increased the expression of PGC-1α, a "molecular switch" of mitochondrial biogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Lixisenatide treatment also promoted the expressions of NRF1 and TFAM, which are the target genes of PGC-1α and executors of mitochondrial biogenesis. Importantly, our results indicate that lixisenatide treatment promoted mitochondrial biogenesis by elevating the ratio of mitochondrial-to-nuclear DNA (mtDNA/nDNA), mitochondrial mass, cytochrome B expression, and citrate synthase activity in HUVECs. Correspondingly, we found that lixisenatide treatment led to a functional gain and improvement in mitochondria by increasing the mitochondrial respiration rate and ATP generation. Mechanistically, lixisenatide treatment induced the phosphorylation of CREB at Ser133. Blockage of CREB phosphorylation using its inhibitor H89 abolished the effects of lixisenatide on the activation of PGC-1α/NRF-1/TFAM as well as the increase in mtDNA/nDNA. These findings suggest that lixisenatide promoted mitochondrial biogenesis in endothelial cells through activating the PGC-1α signaling pathway, which is mediated by the transcriptional factor CREB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The No.4 Hospital of Jinan, 250031, Shandong, China
| | - Yanhua Pu
- Department of Cardiology, The No.4 Hospital of Jinan, 250031, Shandong, China.
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81
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Endothelial Cell Aging: How miRNAs Contribute? J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7070170. [PMID: 29996516 PMCID: PMC6068727 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7070170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) form monolayers and line the interior surfaces of blood vessels in the entire body. In most mammalian systems, the capacity of endothelial cells to divide is limited and endothelial cells are prone to be senescent. Aging of ECs and resultant endothelial dysfunction lead to a variety of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes mellites, hypertension, and ischemic injury. However, the mechanism by which ECs get old and become senescent and the impact of endothelial senescence on the vascular function are not fully understood. Recent research has unveiled the crucial roles of miRNAs, which are small non-coding RNAs, in regulating endothelial cellular functions, including nitric oxide production, vascular inflammation, and anti-thromboformation. In this review, how senescent-related miRNAs are involved in controlling the functions of ECs will be discussed.
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82
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Xu YL, Zhang MH, Guo W, Xue Y, Du X, Zhang T, Wu N, Wu Y. MicroRNA-19 restores vascular endothelial cell function in lower limb ischemia-reperfusion injury through the KLF10-dependent TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway in rats. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:9303-9315. [PMID: 29953651 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a severe problem patients diagnosed with acute limb ischemia. Recently, microRNAs (miR) have emerged as regulators of IRI as well as ischemic preconditioning and ischemic postconditioning. Therefore, using rat models, this study aims to explore all of the possible mechanisms that miR-19 exhibits with its relation to the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1)/Smad signaling pathway in the lower limb IRI. An immunofluorescence staining method was used to identify the Krueppel-like factor 10 (KLF10) positive expression and the location of KLF10 expression. The targeting relationship that miR-19 has with KLF10 was verified by the dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Vascular endothelial cells (VECs) were treated with elevated or suppressed miR-19 or KLF10 knockdown. A 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was used to test cell proliferation, and flow cytometry was employed to detect both cell cycle and apoptosis. The KLF10-positive expression in the VECs (both in cytoplasm and nucleus) was found to be elevated in the IRI rats. We found that miR-19 was downregulated, KLF10 upregulated, and the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway activated in the vascular epithelial tissues of IRI rats. KLF10 is a target gene of miR-19. Overexpression of miR-19 decreased the expression of KLF10, TGF-β1, and Smad2/3. Decreased miR-19 inhibited VEC proliferation, arrested VECs at the G1 phase, and promoted the apoptosis of VECs following their lower limb I/R injury. These results indicate miR-19 as being an inhibitor in the VEC injury of IRI via the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway by suppression of KLF10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Le Xu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Min-Hong Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Chinese PLA Rocket Force General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xue
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Armed Police Force, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Du
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Na Wu
- Department of Central Laboratory & Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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83
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Luo XY, Zhu XQ, Li Y, Wang XB, Yin W, Ge YS, Ji WM. MicroRNA-150 restores endothelial cell function and attenuates vascular remodeling by targeting PTX3 through the NF-κB signaling pathway in mice with acute coronary syndrome. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:1170-1181. [PMID: 29741292 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been known to function as important regulators in the vascular system, with various physiopathological effects such as vascular remodeling and hypertension modulation. We aimed to explore whether microRNA-150 (miR-150) regulates endothelial cell function and vascular remodeling in acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and the involvement of PTX3 and NF-κB signaling pathway. Ten normal mice and sixty ApoE-/- mice were chosen, and their coronary artery tissues and endothelial cells were extracted. ApoE-/- mice were injected with a series of inhibitor or mimic for miR-150, or siRNA against PTX3. The miR-150 expression, NF-κB1, RELA, and PTX3 mRNA expression were assessed by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and pentraxin-3, p-P50, and p-P65 protein expression by Western blot analysis. Cell viability and migration were assessed by MTT assay and scratch test. Matrigel tube formation assay was employed to determine vascular remodeling of endothelial cells. The dual-luciferase reporter assay verified that PTX3 was a target of miR-150. Mice with ACS presented with decreased miR-150 but increased PTX3. It was observed that the miR-150 mimic and siRNA against PTX3 reduced levels of PTX3, NF-κB1, and RELA in mice, and the miR-150 inhibitor reversed the tendency. The in vitro cell experimentation proved that miR-150 might facilitate endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and restrain vascular remodeling via inhibiting PTX3 expression. On the basis of the results of this study, it was hypothesized that miR-150 could possibly maintain endothelial cell function and suppress vascular remodeling by inhibiting PTX3 through the NF-κB signaling pathway in mice with ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Yuan Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215002, P. R. China.,Department of Cardiovascular, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, 215153, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Qing Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215002, P. R. China.,Department of Cardiovascular, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, 215153, P. R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Cardiovascular, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215002, P. R. China.,Department of Cardiovascular, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, 215153, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Bin Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215002, P. R. China.,Department of Cardiovascular, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, 215153, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yin
- Department of Cardiovascular, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215002, P. R. China.,Department of Cardiovascular, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, 215153, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Shan Ge
- Department of Cardiovascular, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215002, P. R. China.,Department of Cardiovascular, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, 215153, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Min Ji
- Department of Cardiovascular, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215002, P. R. China.,Department of Cardiovascular, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, 215153, P. R. China
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84
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Bildirici AE, Arslan S, Özbilüm Şahin N, Berkan Ö, Beton O, Yilmaz MB. MicroRNA-221/222 expression in atherosclerotic coronary artery plaque versus internal mammarian artery and in peripheral blood samples. Biomarkers 2018; 23:670-675. [PMID: 29737876 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2018.1474260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is a disease of the arterial wall with predilection to some sites on others. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of the non-coding RNAs regulating the target gene expression at post-transcriptional level. Different miRNAs were found at distinct stages of plaque development and expression of miRNAs' might play an important role in the local behaviour of atherosclerotic plaques. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate and compare mirR-221/222 expression levels in tissues and in circulation in patients with and without overt atherosclerosis. METHODS RNA was isolated from 40 tissues as 20 tissue samples from coronary artery atherosclerotic plaques (CAAP) and internal mammary arteries (IMA), obtained from same individual) and 80 blood (44 patients with atherosclerosis and 36 healthy subjects) samples. MiR-221/222 expression levels were measured using real time PCR. RESULTS Expression levels of miR-221 was significantly increased in CAAP compared with completely atherosclerosis-free IMA tissues with a 8.94 times fold-change (p = 0.015). The miR-221 expression in tissue samples was significantly different in patients with hypercholesterolemia (p = 0.010), hypertension (p = 0.018) and family history of CAD (p = 0.033) versus not. Expression of miR-222 was not statistically significant between the two tissue samples overall. CONCLUSIONS MiR-221 may be a potential biomarker for local atherosclerotic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslıhan Esra Bildirici
- a Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine , Cumhuriyet University , Sivas , Turkey
| | - Serdal Arslan
- a Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine , Cumhuriyet University , Sivas , Turkey
| | - Nil Özbilüm Şahin
- b Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science , Cumhuriyet University , Sivas , Turkey
| | - Öcal Berkan
- c Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine , Cumhuriyet University , Sivas , Turkey
| | - Osman Beton
- d Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine , Cumhuriyet University , Sivas , Turkey
| | - Mehmet Birhan Yilmaz
- d Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine , Cumhuriyet University , Sivas , Turkey
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85
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Kabekkodu SP, Shukla V, Varghese VK, D' Souza J, Chakrabarty S, Satyamoorthy K. Clustered miRNAs and their role in biological functions and diseases. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 93:1955-1986. [PMID: 29797774 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, small non-coding RNAs known to regulate expression of protein-coding genes. A large proportion of miRNAs are highly conserved, localized as clusters in the genome, transcribed together from physically adjacent miRNAs and show similar expression profiles. Since a single miRNA can target multiple genes and miRNA clusters contain multiple miRNAs, it is important to understand their regulation, effects and various biological functions. Like protein-coding genes, miRNA clusters are also regulated by genetic and epigenetic events. These clusters can potentially regulate every aspect of cellular function including growth, proliferation, differentiation, development, metabolism, infection, immunity, cell death, organellar biogenesis, messenger signalling, DNA repair and self-renewal, among others. Dysregulation of miRNA clusters leading to altered biological functions is key to the pathogenesis of many diseases including carcinogenesis. Here, we review recent advances in miRNA cluster research and discuss their regulation and biological functions in pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shama P Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Vaibhav Shukla
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Vinay K Varghese
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Jeevitha D' Souza
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Sanjiban Chakrabarty
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
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86
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Varghese JF, Patel R, Yadav UCS. Novel Insights in the Metabolic Syndrome-induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation-mediated Atherosclerosis. Curr Cardiol Rev 2018; 14:4-14. [PMID: 28990536 PMCID: PMC5872260 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x13666171009112250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Context: Atherosclerosis is a progressive pathological process and a leading cause of mor-tality worldwide. Clinical research and epidemiological studies state that atherosclerosis is caused by an amalgamation of metabolic and inflammatory deregulation involving three important pathological events including Endothelial Dysfunction (ED), Foam Cell Formation (FCF), and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (VSMCs) proliferation and migration. Objectives: Research in recent years has identified Metabolic Syndrome (MS), which involves factors such as obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and diabetes, to be responsible for the pathophysiol-ogy of atherosclerosis. These factors elevate oxidative stress and inflammation-induced key signalling molecules and various microRNAs (miRs). In present study, we have reviewed recently identified molecular targets in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Methods: Scientific literature obtained from databases such as university library, PubMed and Google along with evidences from published experimental work in relevant journals has been sum-marized in this review article. Results: The molecular events and cell signalling implicated in atherogenic processes of ED, FCF and VSMCs hyperplasia are sequential and progressive, and involve cross talks at many levels. Specific molecules such as transcription factors, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and miRs have been identified playing crucial role in most of the events leading to atherosclerosis. Conclusion: Studies associated with MS induced oxidative stress- and inflammation- mediated sig-nalling pathways along with critical miRs help in better understanding of the pathophysiology of ath-erosclerosis. Several key molecules discussed in this review could be potent target for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnna F Varghese
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat - 382030, India
| | - Rohit Patel
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat - 382030, India
| | - Umesh C S Yadav
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat - 382030, India
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87
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Li G, Morris-Blanco KC, Lopez MS, Yang T, Zhao H, Vemuganti R, Luo Y. Impact of microRNAs on ischemic stroke: From pre- to post-disease. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 163-164:59-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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88
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Identification of microRNA that represses IRS-1 expression in liver. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191553. [PMID: 29364977 PMCID: PMC5783395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression and have been shown to participate in almost every cellular process. Several miRNAs have recently been implicated in glucose metabolism, but the roles of miRNAs in insulin-resistant conditions, such as obesity or type 2 diabetes, are largely unknown. Herein, we focused on miR-222, the expression of which was increased in the livers of high fat/high sucrose diet-fed mice injected with gold thioglucose (G+HFHSD). Overexpression of miR-222 in primary mouse hepatocytes attenuated Akt phosphorylation induced by insulin, indicating that miR-222 negatively regulates insulin signaling. As per in silico analysis, miR-222 potentially binds to the 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR) of the IRS-1 gene, a key insulin signaling molecule. In fact, IRS-1 protein expression was decreased in the livers of G+HFHSD-fed mice. We further confirmed a direct interaction between miR-222 and the 3′ UTR of IRS-1 via luciferase assays. Our findings suggest that up-regulation of miR-222 followed by reduction in IRS-1 expression may be a viable mechanism of insulin resistance in the liver.
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89
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Carè A, Bellenghi M, Matarrese P, Gabriele L, Salvioli S, Malorni W. Sex disparity in cancer: roles of microRNAs and related functional players. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:477-485. [PMID: 29352271 PMCID: PMC5864217 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-017-0051-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A sexual dimorphism at the cellular level has been suggested to play a role in cancer onset and progression. In particular, very recent studies have unraveled striking differences between cells carrying XX or XY chromosomes in terms of response to stressful stimuli, indicating the presence of genetic and epigenetic differences determining sex-specific metabolic or phenotypic traits. Although this field of investigation is still in its infancy, available data suggest a key role of sexual chromosomes in determining cell life or death. In particular, cells carrying XX chromosomes exhibit a higher adaptive potential and survival behavior in response to microenvironmental variations with respect to XY cells. Cells from females also appear to be equipped with more efficient epigenetic machinery than the male counterpart. In particular, the X chromosome contains an unexpected high number of microRNAs (miRs), at present 118, in comparison with only two miRs localized on chromosome Y, and an average of 40-50 on the autosomes. The regulatory power of these small non-coding RNAs is well recognized, as 30-50% of all protein-coding genes are targeted by miRs and their role in cell fate has been well demonstrated. In addition, several further insights, including DNA methylation patterns that are different in males and females, claim for a significant gender disparity in cancer and in the immune system activity against tumors. In this brief paper, we analyze the state of the art of our knowledge on the implication of miRs encoded on sex chromosomes, and their related functional paths, in the regulation of cell homeostasis and depict possible perspectives for the epigenetic research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Carè
- Oncology Unit, Center for Gender-specific Medicine Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Viale Regina Elena, 299 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Bellenghi
- Oncology Unit, Center for Gender-specific Medicine Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Viale Regina Elena, 299 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Matarrese
- Oncology Unit, Center for Gender-specific Medicine Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Viale Regina Elena, 299 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Gabriele
- Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Viale Regina Elena, 299 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Walter Malorni
- Oncology Unit, Center for Gender-specific Medicine Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Viale Regina Elena, 299 00161, Rome, Italy.
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90
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Di Fazio P, Maass M, Roth S, Meyer C, Grups J, Rexin P, Bartsch DK, Kirschbaum A. Expression of hsa-let-7b-5p, hsa-let-7f-5p, and hsa-miR-222-3p and their putative targets HMGA2 and CDKN1B in typical and atypical carcinoid tumors of the lung. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317728417. [PMID: 29017393 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317728417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Typical and atypical carcinoid tumors belong to the neuroendocrine lung tumors. They have low recurrence and proliferation rate, lymph node, and distant metastases. Nevertheless, these tumors have shown a more aggressive behavior. In the last years, microRNAs were screened as new tumor markers for their potential diagnostic and therapeutic relevance. The expression of hsa-let-7b-5p, hsa-let-7f-5p, hsa-miR-222-3p, and their targets HMGA2 (high-mobility group A2) and CDKN1B (cyclin-dependent kynase inhibitor 1B, p27kip1) was evaluated in this rare small group of patients. We analyzed the clinical data of all typical and atypical carcinoid tumors of patients who underwent surgical operation at Marburg University Hospital (n = 18) from 2000. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue versus four tumor-free lung tissue samples. HMGA2 was stable or downregulated; only one patient showed a significant overexpression. CDKN1B showed a significant overexpression or a stable level; it was downregulated in two samples only. Hsa-miR-222-3p resulted almost stable or overexpressed except for two samples (significantly downregulated). Hsa-let-7f-5p was stable or overexpressed in the majority of analyzed samples, whereas hsa-let-7b-5p was significantly downregulated. HMGA2 and CDKN1B are differently expressed between atypical and typical carcinoid tumors, thus representing valid biomarkers for the classification of the two tumor groups. Hsa-let-7f-5p and HMGA2 are inversely correlated. Hsa-miR-222-3p does not correlate with its predicted target CDKN1B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Di Fazio
- 1 Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Maass
- 1 Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Silvia Roth
- 1 Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christian Meyer
- 1 Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Joana Grups
- 1 Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Peter Rexin
- 2 Institute for Pathology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Detlef K Bartsch
- 1 Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Kirschbaum
- 1 Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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91
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Elevated plasma miRNA-122, -140-3p, -720, -2861, and -3149 during early period of acute coronary syndrome are derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184256. [PMID: 28961259 PMCID: PMC5621666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our previous study has found that circulating microRNA (miRNA, or miR) -122, -140-3p, -720, -2861, and -3149 are significantly elevated during early stage of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This study was conducted to determine the origin of these elevated plasma miRNAs in ACS. METHODS qRT-PCR was performed to detect the expression profiles of these 5 miRNAs in liver, spleen, lung, kidney, brain, skeletal muscles, and heart. To determine their origins, these miRNAs were detected in myocardium of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and as well in platelets and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs, including monocytes, circulating endothelial cells (CECs) and lymphocytes) of the AMI pigs and ACS patients. RESULTS MiR-122 was specifically expressed in liver, and miR-140-3p, -720, -2861, and -3149 were highly expressed in heart. Compared with the sham pigs, miR-122 was highly expressed in the border zone of the ischemic myocardium in the AMI pigs without ventricular fibrillation (P < 0.01), miR-122 and -720 were decreased in platelets of the AMI pigs, and miR-122, -140-3p, -720, -2861, and -3149 were increased in PBMCs of the AMI pigs (all P < 0.05). Compared with the non-ACS patients, platelets miR-720 was decreased and PBMCs miR-122, -140-3p, -720, -2861, and -3149 were increased in the ACS patients (all P < 0.01). Furthermore, PBMCs miR-122, -720, and -3149 were increased in the AMI patients compared with the unstable angina (UA) patients (all P < 0.05). Further origin identification revealed that the expression levels of miR-122 in CECs and lymphocytes, miR-140-3p and -2861 in monocytes and CECs, miR-720 in monocytes, and miR-3149 in CECs were greatly up-regulated in the ACS patients compared with the non-ACS patients, and were higher as well in the AMI patients than that in the UA patients except for the miR-122 in CECs (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The elevated plasma miR-122, -140-3p, -720, -2861, and -3149 in the ACS patients were mainly originated from CECs and monocytes.
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92
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Jin QQ, Sun JH, Du QX, Lu XJ, Zhu XY, Fan HL, Hölscher C, Wang YY. Integrating microRNA and messenger RNA expression profiles in a rat model of deep vein thrombosis. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:1019-1028. [PMID: 28848993 PMCID: PMC5593457 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a disease involving multiple genes and systems. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a class of non-coding small RNAs that post-transcriptionally suppress their target genes. The expression patterns of miRNA and messenger RNA (mRNA) in DVT remain poorly characterized. The aim of the present study was to evaluate miRNA and mRNA expression profiles in a stasis-induced DVT rat model. Male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups as follows: DVT, sham and control. The inferior vena cava (IVC) of rats was ligated to construct stasis-induced DVT models. Rats were sacrificed three days after ligation, and morphological changes in the vein tissues were observed by hematoxylin and eosin and Masson staining. The miRNA and mRNA expression profiles were evaluated by microarrays, followed by bioinformatics analysis. The microarray analysis identified 22 miRNAs and 487 mRNAs that were significantly differentially expressed between the experimental and control groups, and between the experimental and sham groups, but not between the control and sham groups (P≤0.05; ≥2.0-fold change). By subsequent bioinformatics analysis, a 19 miRNA-98 mRNAs network was constructed in the stasis-induced DVT rat model. Notably, the majority of these miRNAs and mRNAs are reported to be expressed by endothelial cells (ECs) and are associated with the function of ECs. The results provide evidence indicating that the regulatory association of miRNA and mRNA points to key roles played by ECs in thrombosis. These findings advance our understanding of the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of DVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Jin
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Hong Sun
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Xiang Du
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Jun Lu
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Yan Zhu
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Hao-Liang Fan
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Christian Hölscher
- Biochemical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster, Lancashire LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Ying-Yuan Wang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
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93
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Vascular endothelial growth factor modified macrophages transdifferentiate into endothelial-like cells and decrease foam cell formation. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170002. [PMID: 28536311 PMCID: PMC5479018 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are largely involved in the whole process of atherosclerosis from an initiation lesion to an advanced lesion. Endothelial disruption is the initial step and macrophage-derived foam cells are the hallmark of atherosclerosis. Promotion of vascular integrity and inhibition of foam cell formation are two important strategies for preventing atherosclerosis. How can we inhibit even the reverse negative role of macrophages in atherosclerosis? The present study was performed to investigate if overexpressing endogenous human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) could facilitate transdifferentiation of macrophages into endothelial-like cells (ELCs) and inhibit foam cell formation. We demonstrated that VEGF-modified macrophages which stably overexpressed human VEGF (hVEGF165) displayed a high capability to alter their phenotype and function into ELCs in vitro. Exogenous VEGF could not replace endogenous VEGF to induce the transdifferentiation of macrophages into ELCs in vitro. We further showed that VEGF-modified macrophages significantly decreased cytoplasmic lipid accumulation after treatment with oxidized LDL (ox-LDL). Moreover, down-regulation of CD36 expression in these cells was probably one of the mechanisms of reduction in foam cell formation. Our results provided the in vitro proof of VEGF-modified macrophages as atheroprotective therapeutic cells by both promotion of vascular repair and inhibition of foam cell formation.
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94
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Kadlec AO, Chabowski DS, Ait-Aissa K, Hockenberry JC, Otterson MF, Durand MJ, Freed JK, Beyer AM, Gutterman DD. PGC-1α (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Coactivator 1-α) Overexpression in Coronary Artery Disease Recruits NO and Hydrogen Peroxide During Flow-Mediated Dilation and Protects Against Increased Intraluminal Pressure. Hypertension 2017; 70:166-173. [PMID: 28533333 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.09289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Blood flow through healthy human vessels releases NO to produce vasodilation, whereas in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), the mediator of dilation transitions to mitochondria-derived hydrogen peroxide (mtH2O2). Excessive mtH2O2 production contributes to a proatherosclerotic vascular milieu. Loss of PGC-1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α) is implicated in the pathogenesis of CAD. We hypothesized that PGC-1α suppresses mtH2O2 production to reestablish NO-mediated dilation in isolated vessels from patients with CAD. Isolated human adipose arterioles were cannulated, and changes in lumen diameter in response to graded increases in flow were recorded in the presence of PEG (polyethylene glycol)-catalase (H2O2 scavenger) or L-NAME (NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester; NOS inhibitor). In contrast to the exclusively NO- or H2O2-mediated dilation seen in either non-CAD or CAD conditions, respectively, flow-mediated dilation in CAD vessels was sensitive to both L-NAME and PEG-catalase after PGC-1α upregulation using ZLN005 and α-lipoic acid. PGC-1α overexpression in CAD vessels protected against the vascular dysfunction induced by an acute increase in intraluminal pressure. In contrast, downregulation of PGC-1α in non-CAD vessels produces a CAD-like phenotype characterized by mtH2O2-mediated dilation (no contribution of NO). Loss of PGC-1α may contribute to the shift toward the mtH2O2-mediated dilation observed in vessels from subjects with CAD. Strategies to boost PGC-1α levels may provide a therapeutic option in patients with CAD by shifting away from mtH2O2-mediated dilation, increasing NO bioavailability, and reducing levels of mtH2O2 Furthermore, increased expression of PGC-1α allows for simultaneous contributions of both NO and H2O2 to flow-mediated dilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew O Kadlec
- From the Department of Physiology (A.O.K., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (D.S.C., K.A.-A., J.C.H., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Cardiovascular Center (A.O.K., D.S.C., K.A.-A., J.C.H., M.J.D., J.K.F., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (M.J.D.), Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery (M.F.O.), and Department of Anesthesiology (J.K.F.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Dawid S Chabowski
- From the Department of Physiology (A.O.K., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (D.S.C., K.A.-A., J.C.H., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Cardiovascular Center (A.O.K., D.S.C., K.A.-A., J.C.H., M.J.D., J.K.F., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (M.J.D.), Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery (M.F.O.), and Department of Anesthesiology (J.K.F.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Karima Ait-Aissa
- From the Department of Physiology (A.O.K., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (D.S.C., K.A.-A., J.C.H., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Cardiovascular Center (A.O.K., D.S.C., K.A.-A., J.C.H., M.J.D., J.K.F., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (M.J.D.), Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery (M.F.O.), and Department of Anesthesiology (J.K.F.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Joseph C Hockenberry
- From the Department of Physiology (A.O.K., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (D.S.C., K.A.-A., J.C.H., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Cardiovascular Center (A.O.K., D.S.C., K.A.-A., J.C.H., M.J.D., J.K.F., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (M.J.D.), Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery (M.F.O.), and Department of Anesthesiology (J.K.F.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Mary F Otterson
- From the Department of Physiology (A.O.K., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (D.S.C., K.A.-A., J.C.H., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Cardiovascular Center (A.O.K., D.S.C., K.A.-A., J.C.H., M.J.D., J.K.F., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (M.J.D.), Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery (M.F.O.), and Department of Anesthesiology (J.K.F.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Matthew J Durand
- From the Department of Physiology (A.O.K., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (D.S.C., K.A.-A., J.C.H., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Cardiovascular Center (A.O.K., D.S.C., K.A.-A., J.C.H., M.J.D., J.K.F., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (M.J.D.), Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery (M.F.O.), and Department of Anesthesiology (J.K.F.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Julie K Freed
- From the Department of Physiology (A.O.K., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (D.S.C., K.A.-A., J.C.H., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Cardiovascular Center (A.O.K., D.S.C., K.A.-A., J.C.H., M.J.D., J.K.F., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (M.J.D.), Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery (M.F.O.), and Department of Anesthesiology (J.K.F.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Andreas M Beyer
- From the Department of Physiology (A.O.K., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (D.S.C., K.A.-A., J.C.H., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Cardiovascular Center (A.O.K., D.S.C., K.A.-A., J.C.H., M.J.D., J.K.F., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (M.J.D.), Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery (M.F.O.), and Department of Anesthesiology (J.K.F.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - David D Gutterman
- From the Department of Physiology (A.O.K., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (D.S.C., K.A.-A., J.C.H., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Cardiovascular Center (A.O.K., D.S.C., K.A.-A., J.C.H., M.J.D., J.K.F., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (M.J.D.), Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery (M.F.O.), and Department of Anesthesiology (J.K.F.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.
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95
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Katta S, Karnewar S, Panuganti D, Jerald MK, Sastry BKS, Kotamraju S. Mitochondria-targeted esculetin inhibits PAI-1 levels by modulating STAT3 activation and miR-19b via SIRT3: Role in acute coronary artery syndrome. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:214-225. [PMID: 28213977 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study we explored the microRNAs responsible for the regulation of PAI-1 during LPS-stimulated inflammation in human aortic endothelial cells and subsequently studied the effect of a newly synthesized mitochondria-targeted esculetin (Mito-Esc) that was shown for its anti-atherosclerotic potential, in modulating PAI-1 levels and its targeted miRs during angiotensin-II-induced atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice. LPS-stimulated PAI-1 was accompanied with an upregulation of miR-19b and down-regulation of miR-30c. These effects of LPS on PAI-1 were reversed in the presence of both parent esculetin and Mito-Esc. However, the effect of Mito-Esc was more pronounced in the regulation of PAI-1. In addition, LPS-stimulated PAI-1 expression was significantly decreased in cells treated with Anti-miR-19b, thereby suggesting that miR-19b co-expression plays a key role in PAI-1 regulation. The results also show that incubation of cells with Stattic, an inhibitor of STAT-3, inhibited LPS-stimulated PAI-1 expression. Interestingly, knockdown of SIRT3, a mitochondrial biogenetic marker, enhanced PAI-1 levels via modulation of miR-19b and -30c. Mito-Esc treatment significantly inhibited Ang-II-induced PAI-1, possibly via altering miR-19b and 30c in ApoE-/- mice. The association between PAI-1, miR-19b and -30c were further confirmed in plasma and microparticles isolated from patients suffering from acute coronary syndrome of various degrees. Taken together, LPS-induced PAI-1 involves co-expression of miR-19b and down regulation of miR-30c, and Mito-Esc treatment by modulating miR-19b and miR-30c through SIRT3 activation, inhibits PAI-1 levels that, in part, contribute to its anti-atherosclerotic effects. Moreover, there exists a strong positive correlation between miR-19b and PAI-1 in patients suffering from ST-elevated myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujana Katta
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Santosh Karnewar
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Training and Development Complex, CSIR Campus, Taramani, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Devayani Panuganti
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - B K S Sastry
- Department of Cardiology, CARE Hospitals and CARE Foundation, Hyderabad, India
| | - Srigiridhar Kotamraju
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Training and Development Complex, CSIR Campus, Taramani, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
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96
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Wang Y, Ma Z, Kan P, Zhang B. The Diagnostic Value of Serum miRNA-221-3p, miRNA-382-5p, and miRNA-4271 in Ischemic Stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2017; 26:1055-1060. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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97
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Micó V, Berninches L, Tapia J, Daimiel L. NutrimiRAging: Micromanaging Nutrient Sensing Pathways through Nutrition to Promote Healthy Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E915. [PMID: 28445443 PMCID: PMC5454828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18050915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Current sociodemographic predictions point to a demographic shift in developed and developing countries that will result in an unprecedented increase of the elderly population. This will be accompanied by an increase in age-related conditions that will strongly impair human health and quality of life. For this reason, aging is a major concern worldwide. Healthy aging depends on a combination of individual genetic factors and external environmental factors. Diet has been proved to be a powerful tool to modulate aging and caloric restriction has emerged as a valuable intervention in this regard. However, many questions about how a controlled caloric restriction intervention affects aging-related processes are still unanswered. Nutrient sensing pathways become deregulated with age and lose effectiveness with age. These pathways are a link between diet and aging. Thus, fully understanding this link is a mandatory step before bringing caloric restriction into practice. MicroRNAs have emerged as important regulators of cellular functions and can be modified by diet. Some microRNAs target genes encoding proteins and enzymes belonging to the nutrient sensing pathways and, therefore, may play key roles in the modulation of the aging process. In this review, we aimed to show the relationship between diet, nutrient sensing pathways and microRNAs in the context of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Micó
- Nutritional Genomics of Cardiovascular Disease and Obesity Fundation IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Laura Berninches
- Nutritional Genomics of Cardiovascular Disease and Obesity Fundation IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier Tapia
- Nutritional Genomics of Cardiovascular Disease and Obesity Fundation IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lidia Daimiel
- Nutritional Genomics of Cardiovascular Disease and Obesity Fundation IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, CEU San Pablo University, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain.
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98
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Li F, Xu JW, Wang L, Liu H, Yan Y, Hu SY. MicroRNA-221-3p is up-regulated and serves as a potential biomarker in pancreatic cancer. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 46:482-487. [PMID: 28434388 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1315429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that circulating MicroRNAs (miRNAs) could be potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. For pancreatic cancer (PCa), little is known about miR-221-3p biological function or its prognostic value. In the current study, we profiled miR-221-3p expression in PCa cell lines. Compared with normal pancreases ductal epithelial cells, miR-221-3p is up-regulated in all PCa cell lines analysed. In SW1990 cells, overexpression of miR-221-3p increased cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis, while inhibition of miR-221-3p decreased cell growth rate and promoted apoptosis. Compared with adjacent non-tumour tissues, miR-221-3p was up-regulated in all 21 PCa tissues. Expression level of miR-221-3p was investigated in plasma and statistical analyses showed that circulating miR-221-3p expression level was correlated with distant metastasis and TNM stages. The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) suggested that the diagnostic efficacy for distant metastasis of miR-221-3p is better than CA19-9 (AUC: 0.689 vs. 0.587). To summary, we found miR-221-3p could promote cell proliferation and inhibit apoptosis in PCa cells and circulating miR-221-3p could serve as a biomarker for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- a Department of General Surgery , Qilu Hospital of Shandong University , Jinan , China
| | - Jian-Wei Xu
- a Department of General Surgery , Qilu Hospital of Shandong University , Jinan , China
| | - Lei Wang
- a Department of General Surgery , Qilu Hospital of Shandong University , Jinan , China
| | - Han Liu
- a Department of General Surgery , Qilu Hospital of Shandong University , Jinan , China
| | - Ye Yan
- b Departments of Ultrasound and Radiology , Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , China
| | - San-Yuan Hu
- a Department of General Surgery , Qilu Hospital of Shandong University , Jinan , China
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99
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Mandraffino G, Aragona CO, Cairo V, Scuruchi M, Lo Gullo A, D’Ascola A, Alibrandi A, Loddo S, Quartuccio S, Morace C, Mormina E, Basile G, Saitta A, Imbalzano E. Circulating progenitor cells in hypertensive subjects: Effectiveness of a treatment with olmesartan in improving cell number and miR profile in addition to expected pharmacological effects. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173030. [PMID: 28301500 PMCID: PMC5354372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CD34+ circulating progenitor cells (CD34+CPCs) are a population of multipotent cells which can delay the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in conditions of increased CV risk. MicroRNAs (miRs) 221 and 222 modulate different genes regulating angiogenesis and inflammation; moreover, miR221/22 have beenshown to participate in differentiation and proliferation of CD34+CPCs, inhibiting cell migration and homing. miR221/222 in CD34+CPCs from hypertensive subjects are also increased and associated with CD34+cell number and reactive oxygen species (ROS). We evaluated CD34+CPC number, intracellular miR221/222 and ROS levels, arterial stiffness (AS)and echocardiography indices at baseline (T0).Then, after a six-month treatment with olmesartan, 20 mg/day (T1), in 57 hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and with no additional risk factor for CVD, and in 29 healthy controls (baseline),fibrinogen, C-reactive protein (CRP), glucose and lipid profiles were also evaluated.At T1, blood pressure values, CRP and fibrinogen levels, ROS and miR221/222 were significantly decreased (all p <0.001), as were AS indices and LV mass index (p<0.001), while cell number was increased (p<0.001). Olmesartan is effective in reducing miR and ROS levels in CD34+CPCs from hypertensive subjects, as well as in increasing CD34+CPC number, providing multilevel CV protection, in addition to its expected pharmacological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mandraffino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Valentina Cairo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Michele Scuruchi
- Department of Biochemical, Physiological and Nutritional Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alberto Lo Gullo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Angela D’Ascola
- Department of Biochemical, Physiological and Nutritional Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Saverio Loddo
- Department of Biochemical, Physiological and Nutritional Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Quartuccio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Carmela Morace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Enricomaria Mormina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and of Morphologic and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giorgio Basile
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Saitta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Egidio Imbalzano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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100
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Ge QM, Huang CM, Zhu XY, Bian F, Pan SM. Differentially expressed miRNAs in sepsis-induced acute kidney injury target oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction pathways. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173292. [PMID: 28296904 PMCID: PMC5351858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To identify specific miRNAs involved in sepsis-induced AKI and to explore their targeting pathways. Methods The expression profiles of miRNAs in serum from patients with sepsis-induced AKI (n = 6), sepsis-non AKI (n = 6), and healthy volunteers (n = 3) were investigated by microarray assay and validated by quantitative PCR (qPCR). The targets of the differentially expressed miRNAs were predicted by Target Scan, mirbase and Miranda. Then the significant functions and involvement in signaling pathways of gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathways were analyzed. Furthermore, eight miRNAs were randomly selected out of the differentially expressed miRNAs for further testing by qPCR. Results qPCR analysis confirmed that the expressions levels of hsa-miR-23a-3p, hsa-miR-4456, hsa-miR-142-5p, hsa-miR-22-3p and hsa-miR-191-5p were significantly lower in patients with sepsis compared with the healthy volunteers, while hsa-miR-4270, hsa-miR-4321, hsa-miR-3165 were higher in the sepsis patients. Statistically, miR-4321; miR-4270 were significantly upregulated in the sepsis-induced AKI compared with sepsis-non AKI, while only miR-4321 significantly overexpressed in the sepsis groups compared with control groups. GO analysis showed that biological processes regulated by the predicted target genes included diverse terms. They were related to kidney development, regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process, regulation of cellular metabolic process, cellular response to oxidative stress, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, etc. Pathway analysis showed that several significant pathways of the predicted target genes related to oxidative stress. miR-4321 was involved in regulating AKT1, mTOR and NOX5 expression while miR-4270 was involved in regulating PPARGC1A, AKT3, NOX5, PIK3C3, WNT1 expression. Function and pathway analysis highlighted the possible involvement of miRNA-deregulated mRNAs in oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Conclusion This study might help to improve understanding of the relationship between serum miRNAs and sepsis-induced AKI, and laid an important foundation for further identification of the potential mechanisms of sepsis-induced AKI and oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Min Ge
- Department of Emergency, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Mei Huang
- Department of Emergency, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Fan Bian
- Department of Nephrology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Ming Pan
- Department of Emergency, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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