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Kolińska J, Grzelakowska A, Szala M, Podsiadły R. Comparison of Reactive Sites in 2(1 H)-Quinolone Derivatives for the Detection of Biologically Important Sulfur Compounds. Molecules 2023; 28:5965. [PMID: 37630217 PMCID: PMC10459984 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28165965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel fluorescent probes based on 2(1H)-quinolone skeleton containing a malonate group (Q1-Q3) were synthesized and proposed for biothiols detection. Their chemical reactivity toward thiols was compared to the reactivity of derivative having a dicyanovinyl group (Q4) as a reactive site. The detailed photophysical properties of these compounds were assessed through the determination of absorption and fluorescence spectra, fluorescence quantum yield, and fluorescence lifetime. In the presence of biothiols, an increase in the fluorescence intensity of compounds Q1-Q3 and a hypsochromic shift in their emission bands were observed. In contrast, the compound with the dicyanovinyl group (Q4) in the presence of biothiols and cyanide ion showed the quenching of fluorescence, while a fluorescence "turn on" effect was observed toward reactive sulfur species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Kolińska
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, 90-537 Lodz, Poland; (A.G.); (M.S.); (R.P.)
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52
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Han S, Lee P, Choi HJ. Non-Invasive Vaccines: Challenges in Formulation and Vaccine Adjuvants. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2114. [PMID: 37631328 PMCID: PMC10458847 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the limitations of conventional invasive vaccines, such as the requirement for a cold chain system and trained personnel, needle-based injuries, and limited immunogenicity, non-invasive vaccines have gained significant attention. Although numerous approaches for formulating and administrating non-invasive vaccines have emerged, each of them faces its own challenges associated with vaccine bioavailability, toxicity, and other issues. To overcome such limitations, researchers have created novel supplementary materials and delivery systems. The goal of this review article is to provide vaccine formulation researchers with the most up-to-date information on vaccine formulation and the immunological mechanisms available, to identify the technical challenges associated with the commercialization of non-invasive vaccines, and to guide future research and development efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hyo-Jick Choi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada; (S.H.); (P.L.)
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53
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da Paz Martins AS, de Andrade KQ, de Araújo ORP, da Conceição GCM, da Silva Gomes A, Goulart MOF, Moura FA. Extraintestinal Manifestations in Induced Colitis: Controversial Effects of N-Acetylcysteine on Colon, Liver, and Kidney. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:8811463. [PMID: 37577725 PMCID: PMC10423092 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8811463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized by continuous inflammation in the colonic mucosa. Extraintestinal manifestations (EIM) occur due to the disruption of the intestinal barrier and increased permeability caused by redox imbalance, dysbiosis, and inflammation originating from the intestine and contribute to morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of oral N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on colonic, hepatic, and renal tissues in mice with colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Male Swiss mice received NAC (150 mg/kg/day) in the drinking water for 30 days before and during (DSS 5% v/v; for 7 days) colitis induction. On the 38th day, colon, liver, and kidney were collected and adequately prepared for the analysis of oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reduced (GSH), glutathione oxidized (GSSG), malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)) and inflammatory biomarkers (myeloperoxidase (MPO) -, tumor necrosis factor alpha - (TNF-α, and interleukin-10 (IL-10)). In colon, NAC protected the histological architecture. However, NAC did not level up SOD, in contrast, it increased MDA and pro-inflammatory effect (increased of TNF-α and decreased of IL-10). In liver, colitis caused both oxidative (MDA, SOD, and GSH) and inflammatory damage (IL-10). NAC was able only to increase GSH and GSH/GSSG ratio. Kidney was not affected by colitis; however, NAC despite increasing CAT, GSH, and GSH/GSSG ratio promoted lipid peroxidation (increased MDA) and pro-inflammatory action (decreased IL-10). Despite some beneficial antioxidant effects of NAC, the negative outcomes concerning irreversible oxidative and inflammatory damage in the colon, liver, and kidney confirm the nonsafety of the prophylactic use of this antioxidant in models of induced colitis, suggesting that additional studies are needed, and its use in humans not yet recommended for the therapeutic routine of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amylly Sanuelly da Paz Martins
- Doctoral Program of the Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió 57072-970, Alagoas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Amanda da Silva Gomes
- College of Nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió 57072-970, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Marília Oliveira Fonseca Goulart
- Doctoral Program of the Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió 57072-970, Alagoas, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió 57072-970, Alagoas, Brazil
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió 57072-970, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Andréa Moura
- College of Nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió 57072-970, Alagoas, Brazil
- College of Medicine, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió 57072-970, Alagoas, Brazil
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54
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Xu R, Xu P, Wei H, Huang Y, Zhu X, Lin C, Yan Z, Xin L, Li L, Lv W, Zeng S, Tian G, Ma J, Cheng B, Lu H, Chen Y. Ticlopidine induces embryonic development toxicity and hepatotoxicity in zebrafish by upregulating the oxidative stress signaling pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115283. [PMID: 37531924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Ticlopidine exerts its anti-platelet effects mainly by antagonizing platelet p2y12 receptors. Previously, a few studies have shown that ticlopidine can induce liver injury, but the exact mechanism of hepatotoxicity remains unclear. Oxidative stress, metabolic disorders, hepatocyte apoptosis, lipid peroxidation, and inflammatory responses can all lead to hepatic liver damage, which can cause hepatotoxicity. In this study, in order to deeply explore the potential molecular mechanisms of ticlopidine -induced hepatotoxicity, we used zebrafish as a model organism to comprehensively evaluate the hepatotoxicity of ticlopidine and its associated mechanism. Three days post-fertilization, zebrafish larvae were exposed to varying concentrations (1.5, 1.75 and 2 μg/mL) of ticlopidine for 72 h, in contrast, adult zebrafish were exposed exposure to 4 μg/mL of ticlopidine for 28 days. Ticlopidine-exposed zebrafish larvae showed changes in liver morphology, shortened body length, and delayed development of the swim bladder development. Liver tissues of ticlopidine-exposed zebrafish larvae and adults stained with Hematoxylin & Eosin revealed vacuolization and increased cellular interstitial spaces in liver tissues. Furthermore, using Oil Red O and periodic acid-Schiff staining methods and evaluating different metabolic enzymes of ticlopidine-exposed zebrafish larvae and adults suggested abnormal liver metabolism and liver injury in both ticlopidine-exposed zebrafish larvae and adults. Ticlopidine also significantly elevated inflammation and oxidative stress and reduced hepatocyte proliferation. During the rescue intervention using N-acetylcysteine, we observed significant improvement in ticlopidine-induced morphological changes in the liver, shortened body length, delayed swim bladder development, and proliferation of liver tissues showed significant improvement. In conclusion, ticlopidine might inhibit normal development and liver proliferation in zebrafish by upregulation of oxidative stress levels, thus leading to embryonic developmental toxicity and hepatotoxicity. In this study, we used zebrafish as a model organism to elucidate the developmental toxicity and hepatotoxicity induced by ticlopidine upregulation of oxidative stress signaling pathway in zebrafish, providing a theoretical basis for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000 Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Pengxiang Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000 Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Haiyan Wei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000 Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Yong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330029, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Xiaodan Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000 Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Chuanming Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000 Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Zhimin Yan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000 Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Liuyan Xin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000 Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Lin Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000 Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Weiming Lv
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000 Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Shuqin Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000 Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Guiyou Tian
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000 Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Jinze Ma
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000 Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000 Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Huiqiang Lu
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000 Jiangxi, PR China.
| | - Yijian Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; The Endemic Disease (Thalassemia) Clinical Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Ganzhou 341000, China.
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55
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Murina MA, Roshchupkin DI, Sergienko VI. Antiplatelet Action of Chloramine Derivatives of Adenosine Phosphates and Their Chemical Activity in Relation to Sulfur-Containing Compounds. Bull Exp Biol Med 2023:10.1007/s10517-023-05834-x. [PMID: 37466859 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05834-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
We studied the properties of N6-chloroadenosine phosphates (ATP, ADP, and AMP chloramines) as compounds with potentially increased antiplatelet efficacy determined by their binding to the plasma membrane of platelets. Chloramine derivatives of ATP, ADP, and AMP do not differ in their optical absorption characteristics: their absorption spectra are in the range of 220-340 nm with a maximum at 264 nm. Chloramines of adenosine phosphates are characterized by high reactivity with respect to thiol compounds. In particular, the rate constants of the reaction of N6-chloroadenosine-5'-diphosphate with N-acetylcysteine, reduced glutathione, dithiothreitol, and cysteine reach 59,000, 250,000, 340,000, and 1,250,000 M-1×sec-1, respectively, and only 1.10±0.02 M-1×sec-1 with methionine. It has been found that N6-chloradenosine-5'-triphosphate is a strong inhibitor of platelet functions: it effectively suppresses ADP-induced cell aggregation (IC50 in the whole blood is 5 μM) and inhibits aggregation of preactivated platelets and induces dissociation of their aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Murina
- Yu. M. Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia.
| | - D I Roshchupkin
- Yu. M. Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - V I Sergienko
- Yu. M. Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
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56
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Eligini S, Munno M, Atlas D, Banfi C. N-acetylcysteine Amide AD4/NACA and Thioredoxin Mimetic Peptides Inhibit Platelet Aggregation and Protect against Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1395. [PMID: 37507934 PMCID: PMC10376080 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we tested the effect of small-molecular-weight redox molecules on collagen-induced platelet aggregation. We used N-acetylcysteine amide (AD4/NACA), the amide form of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a thiol antioxidant with improved lipophilicity and bioavailability compared to NAC, and the thioredoxin-mimetic (TXM) peptides, TXM-CB3, TXM-CB13, and TXM-CB30. All compounds significantly inhibited platelet aggregation induced by collagen, with TXM-peptides and AD4 being more effective than NAC. The levels of TxB2 and 12-HETE, the main metabolites derived from the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways following platelet activation, were significantly reduced in the presence of AD4, TXM peptides, or NAC, when tested at the highest concentration (0.6 mM). The effects of AD4, TXM-peptides, and NAC were also tested on the clotting time (CT) of whole blood. TXM-CB3 and TXM-CB30 showed the greatest increase in CT. Furthermore, two representative compounds, TXM-CB3 and NAC, showed an increase in the anti-oxidant free sulfhydryl groups of plasma detected via Ellman's method, suggesting a contribution of plasma factors to the antiaggregating effects. Our results suggest that these small-molecular-weight redox peptides might become useful for the prevention and/or treatment of oxidative stress conditions associated with platelet activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Eligini
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Unit of Functional Proteomics, Metabolomics, and Network Analysis, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Munno
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Unit of Functional Proteomics, Metabolomics, and Network Analysis, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Daphne Atlas
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Cristina Banfi
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Unit of Functional Proteomics, Metabolomics, and Network Analysis, 20138 Milan, Italy
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57
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Zhuo Z, Wang H, Zhang S, Bartlett PF, Walker TL, Hou ST. Selenium supplementation provides potent neuroprotection following cerebral ischemia in mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:1060-1076. [PMID: 36756891 PMCID: PMC10291447 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231156981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite progress in reperfusion therapy, functional recovery remains suboptimal in many stroke patients, with oxidative stress, inflammation, dysbiosis, and secondary neurodegeneration constituting the major hurdles to recovery. The essential trace element selenium is emerging as a promising therapeutic agent for stroke. However, although several rodent studies have shown that selenium can protect against cell loss following cerebral ischemia, no study has yet examined whether selenium can enhance long-term functional recovery. Moreover, published studies have typically reported a single mechanism of action underlying selenium-mediated stroke recovery. However, we propose that selenium is more likely to have multifaceted actions. Here, we show that selenomethionine confers a potent neuroprotective effect in a canonical filament-induced transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) mouse model. Post-tMCAO selenium treatment significantly reduces the cerebral infarct volume, oxidative stress, and ferroptosis and enhances post-tMCAO motor performance in the acute phase after stroke. Moreover, analysis of the gut microbiota reveals that acute selenium treatment reverses stroke-induced gut dysbiosis. Longer-term selenium supplementation activates intrinsic neuroprotective mechanisms, prevents secondary neurodegeneration, alleviates systemic inflammation, and diminishes gut microbe-derived circulating trimethylamine N-oxide. These findings demonstrate that selenium treatment even after cerebral ischemia has long-term and multifaceted neuroprotective effects, highlighting its clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Zhuo
- Brain Research Centre, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Huimei Wang
- Brain Research Centre, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Present address: Hearing Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, USA
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Brain Research Centre, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Perry F Bartlett
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tara L Walker
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sheng-Tao Hou
- Brain Research Centre, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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58
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Martinez-Banaclocha MA. Targeting the Cysteine Redox Proteome in Parkinson's Disease: The Role of Glutathione Precursors and Beyond. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1373. [PMID: 37507913 PMCID: PMC10376658 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Encouraging recent data on the molecular pathways underlying aging have identified variants and expansions of genes associated with DNA replication and repair, telomere and stem cell maintenance, regulation of the redox microenvironment, and intercellular communication. In addition, cell rejuvenation requires silencing some transcription factors and the activation of pluripotency, indicating that hidden molecular networks must integrate and synchronize all these cellular mechanisms. Therefore, in addition to gene sequence expansions and variations associated with senescence, the optimization of transcriptional regulation and protein crosstalk is essential. The protein cysteinome is crucial in cellular regulation and plays unexpected roles in the aging of complex organisms, which show cumulative somatic mutations, telomere attrition, epigenetic modifications, and oxidative dysregulation, culminating in cellular senescence. The cysteine thiol groups are highly redox-active, allowing high functional versatility as structural disulfides, redox-active disulfides, active-site nucleophiles, proton donors, and metal ligands to participate in multiple regulatory sites in proteins. Also, antioxidant systems control diverse cellular functions, including the transcription machinery, which partially depends on the catalytically active cysteines that can reduce disulfide bonds in numerous target proteins, driving their biological integration. Since we have previously proposed a fundamental role of cysteine-mediated redox deregulation in neurodegeneration, we suggest that cellular rejuvenation of the cysteine redox proteome using GSH precursors, like N-acetyl-cysteine, is an underestimated multitarget therapeutic approach that would be particularly beneficial in Parkinson's disease.
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59
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Sahasrabudhe SA, Terluk MR, Kartha RV. N-acetylcysteine Pharmacology and Applications in Rare Diseases-Repurposing an Old Antioxidant. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1316. [PMID: 37507857 PMCID: PMC10376274 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a precursor of cysteine and, thereby, glutathione (GSH), acts as an antioxidant through a variety of mechanisms, including oxidant scavenging, GSH replenishment, antioxidant signaling, etc. Owing to the variety of proposed targets, NAC has a long history of use as a prescription product and in wide-ranging applications that are off-label as an over-the-counter (OTC) product. Despite its discovery in the early 1960s and its development for various indications, systematic clinical pharmacology explorations of NAC pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamic targets, drug interactions, and dose-ranging are sorely limited. Although there are anecdotal instances of NAC benefits in a variety of diseases, a comprehensive review of the use of NAC in rare diseases does not exist. In this review, we attempt to summarize the existing literature focused on NAC explorations in rare diseases targeting mitochondrial dysfunction along with the history of NAC usage, approved indications, mechanisms of action, safety, and PK characterization. Further, we introduce the research currently underway on other structural derivatives of NAC and acknowledge the continuum of efforts through pre-clinical and clinical research to facilitate further therapeutic development of NAC or its derivatives for rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhee A Sahasrabudhe
- Center for Orphan Drug Research, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Rm 4-214, McGuire Translational Research Facility, 2001 6th St. SE, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Marcia R Terluk
- Center for Orphan Drug Research, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Rm 4-214, McGuire Translational Research Facility, 2001 6th St. SE, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Reena V Kartha
- Center for Orphan Drug Research, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Rm 4-214, McGuire Translational Research Facility, 2001 6th St. SE, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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60
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Cervantes-Pérez LA, Cervantes-Guevara G, Cervantes-Pérez E, Cervantes-Cardona GA, Nápoles-Echauri A, González-Ojeda A, Fuentes-Orozco C, Cervantes-Pérez G, Reyes-Torres CA, Hernández-Mora FJ, Ron-Magaña AL, Vázquez-Beltrán JC, Hernández-Rivas MI, Ramírez-Ochoa S. Evaluation of the Effects of Atorvastatin and N-Acetyl Cysteine on Platelet Counts in Patients with Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia: An Exploratory Clinical Trial. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1122. [PMID: 37374326 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59061122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Objective: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the combination of atorvastatin and N-acetyl cysteine in increasing platelet counts in patients with immune thrombocytopenia who were resistant to steroid therapy or had a relapse after treatment. Material and Methods: The patients included in this study received oral treatment of atorvastatin at a dose of 40 mg daily and N-acetyl cysteine at a dose of 400 mg every 8 h. The desired treatment duration was 12 months, but we included patients who completed at least 1 month of treatment in the analysis. The platelet counts were measured prior to the administration of the study treatment and in the first, third, sixth, and twelfth months of treatment (if available). A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: We included 15 patients who met our inclusion criteria. For the total treatment duration, the global response was 60% (nine patients); eight patients (53.3%) had a complete response and one patient (6.7%) had a partial response. Six patients (40%) were considered as having undergone treatment failure. Of the responder group, five patients maintained a complete response after treatment (55.5%), three patients maintained a partial response (33.3%), and one patient (11.1%) lost their response to the treatment. All of the patients in the responder group had significant increases in their platelet counts after treatment (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study provides evidence of a possible treatment option for patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia. However, further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena A Cervantes-Pérez
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Civil de Guadalajaras "Fray Antonio Alcalde", Guadalajara 44280,, Mexico
| | - Gabino Cervantes-Guevara
- Department of Welfare and Sustainable Development, Centro Universitario del Norte, Universidad de Guadalajara, Colotlán 46200, Mexico
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde", Guadalajara 44280, Mexico
| | - Enrique Cervantes-Pérez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde", Health Sciences University Center, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico
- Centro Universitario de Tlajomulco, University of Guadalajara, Tlajomulco de Zúñiga 45641, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Alonso Cervantes-Cardona
- Department of Philosophical, Methodological and Instrumental Disciplines, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Adriana Nápoles-Echauri
- Department of Philosophical, Methodological and Instrumental Disciplines, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Alejandro González-Ojeda
- Biomedical Research Unit 02, Specialties Hospital of the Western National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara 44329, Mexico
| | - Clotilde Fuentes-Orozco
- Biomedical Research Unit 02, Specialties Hospital of the Western National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara 44329, Mexico
| | - Gabino Cervantes-Pérez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde", Health Sciences University Center, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico
| | - Carlos A Reyes-Torres
- School of Health Sciences, Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Mexico City 14380, Mexico
| | - Francisco Javier Hernández-Mora
- Human Reproduction, Growth and Child Development Clinic, Health Sciences University Center, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Ana Lucia Ron-Magaña
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Civil de Guadalajaras "Fray Antonio Alcalde", Guadalajara 44280,, Mexico
| | | | - María Isabel Hernández-Rivas
- Departament of Odontology for the Preservation of Health, Health Sciences University Center, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico
| | - Sol Ramírez-Ochoa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde", Health Sciences University Center, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico
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Ye M, Ruan L, Huang L, Zheng H, Xu W, Xu W, Chen L, Li H. Triterpenoids with diverse skeletons from the roots of Rhus chinensis and their protective effects on isoproterenol-induced heart failure in zebrafish. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023:113749. [PMID: 37307886 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the ongoing quest to discover previously unreported lead compounds that provide protection against heart failure (HF), ten formerly undescribed (1-10) and nine known (11-19) triterpenoids were obtained from the roots of Rhus chinensis Mill. The isolated triterpenoids exhibited distinct skeletal types, including rare 17-epi-dammarane (1, 6, 7, 11, and 12), conventional dammarane (2-5, 8, and 9), oleanane (10 and 13-17) and lupane (18 and 19). Their structures were elucidated via a comprehensive analysis of the HRESIMS, NMR, and ECD data, as well as quantum chemical calculations of NMR parameters. Notably, compounds 1-5, 10-15, and 19 possessed an unusual 3,19 (or 25)-hemiketal structure bridging over ring A, while the remaining compounds were classified as 3-oxotriterpenoids. The skeletal diversity observed in these compounds was further elaborated from a biosynthetic perspective. Subsequently, the protective effects of fourteen compounds (1, 3, 4, 6-9, 11-14, and 16-18) against HF were evaluated using zebrafish models of isoproterenol-induced HF at a concentration of 1 μg/mL. Remarkably, all fourteen compounds significantly ameliorated pericardial edema, with five compounds (3, 6, 11, 14, and 16) also attenuating impaired cardiac output (CO), and eight compounds (1, 3, 4, 7-9, 14, and 16) inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Notably, certain compounds even restored the impaired pericardium and CO to near-normal levels. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of triterpenoids derived from R. chinensis as promising agents for the treatment of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Ye
- Institute of Structural Pharmacology & TCM Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, PR China
| | - Lingjie Ruan
- Institute of Structural Pharmacology & TCM Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, PR China
| | - Lina Huang
- Institute of Structural Pharmacology & TCM Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, PR China
| | - Haiyin Zheng
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, PR China
| | - Wen Xu
- Institute of Structural Pharmacology & TCM Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, PR China.
| | - Wei Xu
- Institute of Structural Pharmacology & TCM Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, PR China.
| | - Lixia Chen
- Institute of Structural Pharmacology & TCM Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, PR China; Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Hua Li
- Institute of Structural Pharmacology & TCM Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, PR China.
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Peng N, Geng Y, Ouyang J, Liu S, Yuan F, Wan Y, Chen W, Yu B, Tang Y, Su L, Liang H, Wang JH, Liu J. Endothelial glycocalyx injury is involved in heatstroke-associated coagulopathy and protected by N-acetylcysteine. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1159195. [PMID: 37350963 PMCID: PMC10283401 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1159195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Damage to endothelial glycocalyx (EGCX) can lead to coagulation disorders in sepsis. Heat stroke (HS) resembles sepsis in many aspects; however, it is unclear whether EGCX injury is involved in its pathophysiology. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the damage of EGCX and the development of coagulation disorders during HS. Methods We retrospectively collected 159 HS patients and analyzed coagulation characteristics and prognosis of HS patients with or without disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). We also replicated a rat HS model and measured coagulation indexes, pulmonary capillary EGCX injury in HS rats. Finally, we evaluated the effect of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on HS-initiated EGCX injury and coagulation disorders. Results Clinical data showed that HS patients complicated with DIC had a higher risk of death than HS patients without DIC. In a rat HS model, we found that rats subjected to heat stress developed hypercoagulability and platelet activation at the core body temperature of 43°C, just before the onset of HS. At 24 h of HS, the rats showed a consumptive hypo-coagulation state. The pulmonary capillary EGCX started to shed at 0 h of HS and became more severe at 24 h of HS. Importantly, pretreatment with NAC substantially alleviated EGCX damage and reversed the hypo-coagulation state in HS rats. Mechanically, HS initiated reactive oxidative species (ROS) generation, while ROS could directly cause EGCX damage. Critically, NAC protected against EGCX injury by attenuating ROS production in heat-stressed or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-stimulated endothelial cells. Discussion Our results indicate that the poor prognosis of HS patients correlates with severe coagulation disorders, coagulation abnormalities in HS rats are associated with the damage of EGCX, and NAC improves HS-induced coagulopathy, probably through its protection against EGCX injury by preventing ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Geng
- Department of Gastroenterology, 923 Military Hospital of China, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiafu Ouyang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Graduate School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fangfang Yuan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yantong Wan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenda Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Baojun Yu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Baoan Hospital of Shenzhen, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Youqing Tang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Su
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huaping Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiang Huai Wang
- Department of Academic Surgery, University College Cork, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jinghua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Lv J, Xing L, Zhong X, Li K, Liu M, Du K. Role of N6-methyladenosine modification in central nervous system diseases and related therapeutic agents. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114583. [PMID: 36989722 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a ubiquitous mRNA modification in eukaryotes. m6A occurs through the action of methyltransferases, demethylases, and methylation-binding proteins. m6A methylation of RNA is associated with various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), depression, cerebral apoplexy, brain injury, epilepsy, cerebral arteriovenous malformations, and glioma. Furthermore, recent studies report that m6A-related drugs have attracted considerable concerns in the therapeutic areas of neurological disorders. Here, we mainly summarized the role of m6A modification in neurological diseases and the therapeutic potential of m6A-related drugs. The aim of this review is expected to be useful to systematically assess m6A as a new potential biomarker and develop innovative modulators of m6A for the amelioration and treatment of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Lijuan Xing
- Precision Laboratory of Panjin Central Hospital, Panjin 124000, China
| | - Xin Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Mingyan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; Liaoning Medical Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shenyang 110179, China.
| | - Ke Du
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Liaoning Medical Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shenyang 110179, China.
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Lam XJ, Xu B, Yeo PL, Cheah PS, Ling KH. Mitochondria dysfunction and bipolar disorder: From pathology to therapy. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2023; 14:407-418. [PMID: 37388495 PMCID: PMC10300489 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is one of the major psychiatric diseases in which the impairment of mitochondrial functions has been closely connected or associated with the disease pathologies. Different lines of evidence of the close connection between mitochondria dysfunction and BD were discussed with a particular focus on (1) dysregulation of energy metabolism, (2) effect of genetic variants, (3) oxidative stress, cell death and apoptosis, (4) dysregulated calcium homeostasis and electrophysiology, and (5) current as well as potential treatments targeting at restoring mitochondrial functions. Currently, pharmacological interventions generally provide limited efficacy in preventing relapses or recovery from mania or depression episodes. Thus, understanding mitochondrial pathology in BD will lead to novel agents targeting mitochondrial dysfunction and formulating new effective therapy for BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Jieh Lam
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Unversiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Bingzhe Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 Daxuecheng Outer Ring E Rd, Panyu Qu, Guangzhou Shi, Guangdong 511434, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Ling Yeo
- School of Postgraduate Studies and Research, International Medical University, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pike-See Cheah
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Unversiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - King-Hwa Ling
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Unversiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Rodella U, Honisch C, Gatto C, Ruzza P, D'Amato Tóthová J. Antioxidant Nutraceutical Strategies in the Prevention of Oxidative Stress Related Eye Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102283. [PMID: 37242167 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to discuss the delicate balance between the physiological production of reactive oxygen species and the role of antioxidant nutraceutical molecules in managing radicals in the complex anatomical structure of the eye. Many molecules and enzymes with reducing and antioxidant potential are present in different parts of the eye. Some of these, such as glutathione, N-acetylcysteine, α-lipoic acid, coenzyme Q10, and enzymatic antioxidants, are endogenously produced by the body. Others, such as plant-derived polyphenols and carotenoids, vitamins B2, C, and E, zinc and selenium, and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, must be obtained through the diet and are considered essential nutrients. When the equilibrium between the production of reactive oxygen species and their scavenging is disrupted, radical generation overwhelms the endogenous antioxidant arsenal, leading to oxidative stress-related eye disorders and aging. Therefore, the roles of antioxidants contained in dietary supplements in preventing oxidative stress-based ocular dysfunctions are also discussed. However, the results of studies investigating the efficacy of antioxidant supplementation have been mixed or inconclusive, indicating a need for future research to highlight the potential of antioxidant molecules and to develop new preventive nutritional strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Rodella
- Fondazione Banca degli Occhi del Veneto Onlus (FBOV), 30174 Zelarino, Italy
- Research and Development, AL.CHI.MI.A. S.R.L., Viale Austria 14, 35020 Ponte San Nicoló, Italy
| | - Claudia Honisch
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry of CNR (ICB-CNR), Via F. Marzolo, 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Claudio Gatto
- Research and Development, AL.CHI.MI.A. S.R.L., Viale Austria 14, 35020 Ponte San Nicoló, Italy
| | - Paolo Ruzza
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry of CNR (ICB-CNR), Via F. Marzolo, 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Jana D'Amato Tóthová
- Research and Development, AL.CHI.MI.A. S.R.L., Viale Austria 14, 35020 Ponte San Nicoló, Italy
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Haroun RAH, Abdel-Aziz N, Saad S. The protective effect of N-acetyl cysteine against selenium toxicity and gamma irradiation in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:482-490. [PMID: 35361025 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2058010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is a nutritional supplement and greatly applied as an antioxidant in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the metabolic and antioxidant protective effect of NAC against selenium (Se) toxicity and gamma irradiation in rats by measuring biochemical and molecular parameters. This study was conducted on sixty rats divided into six equal different groups; control, NAC, Rad, Se, Rad + NAC, and Se + NAC groups. Oxidative/nitrosative makers (LPO, NO, and NOS), antioxidants status markers (GSH, GPx, and SOD), liver metabolic markers (LDH, SDH, and ATP), and plasma metabolic markers (Glucose, total cholesterol, and total proteins) were measured using commercial colorimetric kits while plasma corticosterone concentration was measured using commercial ELISA kit. Also, Levels of NR3C1 and Glut-2 genes expression using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction were done. Our results revealed that Se toxicity and gamma irradiation induced significant increases in oxidative/nitrosative stress markers and a significant decrease in antioxidant status markers in the liver and adrenal tissues. Moreover, metabolic disorders were recorded as manifested by elevation of plasma ALT, Albumin, glucose and cholesterol, and decrease in protein levels associated with a significant increase in corticosterone concentration. This was also accompanied by a significant decrease in SDH activity and ATP production in the hepatic tissue. Molecular analysis showed a marked increase in NR3C1 mRNA and decrease in Glut-2 mRNA in liver tissue. However, NAC supplementation attenuated the changes induced by these toxins. Finally, we could conclude that, oral supplementation of NAC can modulate the metabolic disturbances and has protective effects in rats exposed to Se toxicity and gamma irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nahed Abdel-Aziz
- Radiation Biology Department, NCRRT, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Soha Saad
- Department of Biochemistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Bayır H, Dixon SJ, Tyurina YY, Kellum JA, Kagan VE. Ferroptotic mechanisms and therapeutic targeting of iron metabolism and lipid peroxidation in the kidney. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023; 19:315-336. [PMID: 36922653 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00689-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a mechanism of regulated necrotic cell death characterized by iron-dependent, lipid peroxidation-driven membrane destruction that can be inhibited by glutathione peroxidase 4. Morphologically, it is characterized by cellular, organelle and cytoplasmic swelling and the loss of plasma membrane integrity, with the release of intracellular components. Ferroptosis is triggered in cells with dysregulated iron and thiol redox metabolism, whereby the initial robust but selective accumulation of hydroperoxy polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing phospholipids is further propagated through enzymatic and non-enzymatic secondary mechanisms, leading to formation of oxidatively truncated electrophilic species and their adducts with proteins. Thus, ferroptosis is dependent on the convergence of iron, thiol and lipid metabolic pathways. The kidney is particularly susceptible to redox imbalance. A growing body of evidence has linked ferroptosis to acute kidney injury in the context of diverse stimuli, such as ischaemia-reperfusion, sepsis or toxins, and to chronic kidney disease, suggesting that ferroptosis may represent a novel therapeutic target for kidney disease. However, further work is needed to address gaps in our understanding of the triggers, execution and spreading mechanisms of ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hülya Bayır
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Departments of Environmental Health, Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Chemistry, Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care and Hospital Medicine, Redox Health Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Scott J Dixon
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yulia Y Tyurina
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Departments of Environmental Health, Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Chemistry, Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John A Kellum
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Departments of Environmental Health, Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Chemistry, Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Marcano-Gómez EC, de Souza ABF, Machado-Junior PA, Rodríguez-Herrera AJ, Castro TDF, da Silva SPG, Vieira RG, Talvani A, Nogueira KDOPC, de Oliveira LAM, Bezerra FS. N-acetylcysteine modulates redox imbalance and inflammation in macrophages and mice exposed to formaldehyde. Free Radic Res 2023; 57:444-459. [PMID: 37987619 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2023.2284636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the protective role of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in cells and mice exposed to formaldehyde. For the in vitro study, J774A.1 macrophages cells were incubated for 8, 16 and 24 h with formaldehyde or NAC to assess cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the in vivo study, C57BL/6 mice (n = 48) were divided into 6 groups: control (CG), vehicle (VG) that received saline by orogastric gavage, a group exposed to formaldehyde 1% (FG) and formaldehyde exposed groups that received NAC at doses of 100, 150 and 200 mg/Kg (FN100, FN150 and FN200) for a period of 5 days. In vitro, formaldehyde promoted a decrease in cell viability and increased ROS, while NAC reduced formaldehyde-induced ROS production. Animals exposed to formaldehyde presented higher leukocyte counts in the blood and in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and promoted secretion of inflammatory markers IL-6, IL-15, and IL-10. The exposure to formaldehyde also promoted redox imbalance and oxidative damage characterized by increased activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, decreased GSH/GSSG ratio, as well as it increased levels of protein carbonyls and lipid peroxidation. NAC administration after formaldehyde exposure attenuated oxidative stress markers, secretion of inflammatory mediators and lung inflammation. In conclusion, both in in vitro and in vivo models, NAC administration exerted protective effects, which modulated the inflammatory response and redox imbalance, thus preventing the development airway injury induced by formaldehyde exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cecilia Marcano-Gómez
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences and Center of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Farias de Souza
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences and Center of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Pedro Alves Machado-Junior
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences and Center of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Andrea Jazel Rodríguez-Herrera
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences and Center of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Thalles de Freitas Castro
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences and Center of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Sirlaine Pio Gomes da Silva
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Ramony Gonzaga Vieira
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Biomaterials, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - André Talvani
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Katiane de Oliveira Pinto Coelho Nogueira
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Biomaterials, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Laser Antônio Machado de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Biomaterials, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Frank Silva Bezerra
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences and Center of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
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Argaev-Frenkel L, Rosenzweig T. Redox Balance in Type 2 Diabetes: Therapeutic Potential and the Challenge of Antioxidant-Based Therapy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12050994. [PMID: 37237860 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12050994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an important factor in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and associated complications. Unfortunately, most clinical studies have failed to provide sufficient evidence regarding the benefits of antioxidants (AOXs) in treating this disease. Based on the known complexity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) functions in both the physiology and pathophysiology of glucose homeostasis, it is suggested that inappropriate dosing leads to the failure of AOXs in T2D treatment. To support this hypothesis, the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of T2D is described, together with a summary of the evidence for the failure of AOXs in the management of diabetes. A comparison of preclinical and clinical studies indicates that suboptimal dosing of AOXs might explain the lack of benefits of AOXs. Conversely, the possibility that glycemic control might be adversely affected by excess AOXs is also considered, based on the role of ROS in insulin signaling. We suggest that AOX therapy should be given in a personalized manner according to the need, which is the presence and severity of oxidative stress. With the development of gold-standard biomarkers for oxidative stress, optimization of AOX therapy may be achieved to maximize the therapeutic potential of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tovit Rosenzweig
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel
- Adison School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel
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Bilister Egilmez C, Azak Pazarlar B, Erdogan MA, Erbas O. N-acetyl cysteine: A new look at its effect on PTZ-induced convulsions. Epilepsy Res 2023; 193:107144. [PMID: 37116249 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2023.107144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/AIM Epilepsy is widely investigated as a common neurological disease requiring pharmacologically effective agents. N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), has become a remarkable molecule with its role in both antioxidant and glutaminergic modulation. There are many points and processes waiting to be revealed regarding the role of NAC in epilepsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) was administered to induce seizures in a total number of 48 Sprague-Dawley rats. 35 mg/kg PTZ dose as a sub-convulsive dose was administered to 24 animals to monitor EEG changes, while 70 mg/kg PTZ dose which was a convulsive dose was administered to 24 animals to determine seizure-related behavioral changes with the Racine's scale. 30 min before the seizure-induced procedure, NAC was administered at doses of 300 and 600 mg/kg as pretreatment to investigate anti-seizure and anti-oxidative effects. The spike percentage, the stage of convulsion, and the onset time of the first myoclonic jerk were evaluated to determine the anti-seizure effect. Furthermore, its effect on oxidative stress was determined by measuring both malondialdehyde (MDA) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity. RESULTS There was a dose-dependent reduction in the seizure stage and prolonged onset time of the first myoclonic jerk in rats with NAC pretreatment. EEG recordings resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in spike percentages. Moreover, the same dose-dependent changes were observed in oxidative stress biomarkers, both 300 mg/kg NAC and 600 mg/kg decreased MDA levels and ameliorated SOD activity. CONCLUSION We can report that 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg doses of NAC are promising with their reducing effect on convulsions and have a beneficial effect by preventing oxidative stress. In addition, NAC has been also determined that this effect is dose-dependent. Detailed and comparative studies are needed on the convulsion-reducing effect of NAC in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Bilister Egilmez
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Burcu Azak Pazarlar
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mumin Alper Erdogan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Oytun Erbas
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Xue J, Li Z, Li X, Hua C, Shang P, Zhao J, Liu K, Xie F. Evaluation of cigarette smoke-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in BEAS-2B cells based on a lung microfluidic chip. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 176:113787. [PMID: 37062330 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation induced by cigarette smoking are associated with the pathology process of various chronic respiratory diseases, including asthma, emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cancer. Compared with conventional cell culture techniques, microfluidic chips can provide a continuous nutrient supply, mimic the in vivo physiological microenvironment of the cells, and conduct an integrated and flexible analysis of cell status and functions. Here, we designed and fabricated a bionic-lung chip, which was applied to perform cigarette smoke exposure of BEAS-2B cells cultured at the gas-liquid interface. The oxidative stress and inflammation in the cells exposed to cigarette smoke were investigated on chip. The results showed that cellular damage, oxidative stress and inflammatory response induced by cigarette smoke in the chip were dependent on smoke concentration and time after smoke exposure. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) significantly inhibited these effects of cigarette smoke exposure on the cells at the gas-liquid interface within the chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxian Xue
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, No. 2 Fengyang Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Zezhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, No. 2 Fengyang Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, No. 2 Fengyang Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Chenfeng Hua
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, No. 2 Fengyang Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Pingping Shang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, No. 2 Fengyang Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Junwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, No. 2 Fengyang Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Kejian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, No. 2 Fengyang Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Fuwei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, No. 2 Fengyang Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
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72
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Simkin DR, Swick S, Taneja KS, Ranjbar N. Complementary and Integrative Medicine for Anxiety in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2023; 32:193-216. [PMID: 37147037 DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
An integrative approach to treating anxiety in children and adolescents takes a biopsychosocial-spiritual approach. Early life stress may translate into anxiety via epigenetic mechanisms, the adoption of maladaptive coping tendencies (poor eating, sedentary lifestyle, substance use), and dysregulation of central autonomic nervous system function. Each of these mechanisms may increase inflammatory markers. This article will explore the efficacy of CIM interventions that work on these mechanisms through mind-body-medicine, acupuncture, nutrition, and supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah R Simkin
- Department of Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, 8955 Highway 98 West, Suite 204, Miramar Beach, FL 32550, USA
| | - Shayna Swick
- University of Arizona College of Medicine, 2800 E Ajo Way, Behavioral Health Pavilion, 3rd Floor, Tucson, AZ 85713, USA
| | - Krishna S Taneja
- Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 319 E Madison Street, Springfield, IL 62701, USA
| | - Noshene Ranjbar
- Department of Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, 8955 Highway 98 West, Suite 204, Miramar Beach, FL 32550, USA.
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73
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Development of Dipeptide N–acetyl–L–cysteine Loaded Nanostructured Carriers Based on Inorganic Layered Hydroxides. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030955. [PMID: 36986816 PMCID: PMC10054814 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
N–acetyl–L–cysteine (NAC), a derivative of the L–cysteine amino acid, presents antioxidant and mucolytic properties of pharmaceutical interest. This work reports the preparation of organic-inorganic nanophases aiming for the development of drug delivery systems based on NAC intercalation into layered double hydroxides (LDH) of zinc–aluminum (Zn2Al–NAC) and magnesium–aluminum (Mg2Al–NAC) compositions. A detailed characterization of the synthesized hybrid materials was performed, including X-ray diffraction (XRD) and pair distribution function (PDF) analysis, infrared and Raman spectroscopies, solid-state 13carbon and 27aluminum nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), simultaneous thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry coupled to mass spectrometry (TG/DSC–MS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and elemental chemical analysis to assess both chemical composition and structure of the samples. The experimental conditions allowed to isolate Zn2Al–NAC nanomaterial with good crystallinity and a loading capacity of 27.3 (m/m)%. On the other hand, NAC intercalation was not successful into Mg2Al–LDH, being oxidized instead. In vitro drug delivery kinetic studies were performed using cylindrical tablets of Zn2Al–NAC in a simulated physiological solution (extracellular matrix) to investigate the release profile. After 96 h, the tablet was analyzed by micro-Raman spectroscopy. NAC was replaced by anions such as hydrogen phosphate by a slow diffusion-controlled ion exchange process. Zn2Al–NAC fulfil basic requirements to be employed as a drug delivery system with a defined microscopic structure, appreciable loading capacity, and allowing a controlled release of NAC.
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Molecular Influence of the ATM Protein in the Treatment of Human Cells with Different Radioprotective Drugs: Comparisons between Antioxidative and Pro-Episkevic Strategies. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030524. [PMID: 36979459 PMCID: PMC10046588 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The radiation protection strategy with chemical agents has long been based on an antioxidative approach consisting in reducing the number of radical oxygen and nitrogen species responsible for the formation of the radiation-induced (RI) DNA damage, notably the DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), whose subset participates in the RI lethal effect as unrepairable damage. Conversely, a DSB repair-stimulating strategy that may be called the “pro-episkevic” approach (from the ancient Greek episkeve, meaning repair) can be proposed. The pro-episkevic approach directly derives from a mechanistic model based on the RI nucleoshuttling of the ATM protein (RIANS) and contributes to increase the number of DSB managed by NHEJ, the most predominant DSB repair and signaling pathway in mammalians. Here, three radioresistant and three radiosensitive human fibroblast cell lines were pretreated with antioxidative agents (N-acetylcysteine or amifostine) or to two pro-episkevic agents (zoledronate or pravastatin or both (ZOPRA)) before X-ray irradiation. The fate of the RI DSB was analyzed by using γH2AX and pATM immunofluorescence. While amifostine pretreatment appeared to be the most efficient antioxidative process, ZOPRA shows the most powerful radiation protection, suggesting that the pro-episkevic strategy may be an alternative to the antioxidative one. Additional investigations are needed to develop some new drugs that may elicit both antioxidative and pro-episkevic properties and to quantify the radiation protection action of both types of drugs applied concomitantly.
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Song X, Wu J, Song W, Chen L, Zhang S, Ji H, Liu J, Gu J. Thiolated chitosan nanoparticles for stable delivery and smart release of As 2O 3 for liver cancer through dual actions. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 303:120462. [PMID: 36657859 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this work, multifunctional thiolated chitosan derivatives (DCA-CS-PEG-FA-NAC) were synthesized, and arsenic trioxide (ATO) was loaded onto the derivatives through glutathione (GSH)-sensitive AsIII-S bonds, and stable CS-ATO nanodrugs were prepared by simple self-assembly method. By adjusting the thiol substitution degree of CS, the drug loading capacity of the nanodrugs was significantly improved, which could reach 20 ATO per CS molecule (DCA10.7-CS-PEG3.1-FA-NAC20.2-ATO). In vitro release studies obviously showed the low leakage of ATO under physiological conditions while over 95 % ATO was released after 24 h under GSH. In vitro and in vivo investigations demonstrated that the DCA10.7-CS-PEG3.1-FA-NAC20.2-ATO nanodrug could significantly enhance the tumor intracellular accumulation of ATO, reduce the toxic and side effects of ATO on healthy organs, and improve the therapeutic effect of ATO on the HepG2 mice tumor model (tumor inhibition rate was as high as 86.4 %), indicating the potential application of ATO in clinical treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, PR China.
| | - Jiamin Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, PR China
| | - Weimin Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, PR China
| | - Lu Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, PR China
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, PR China
| | - Hangyu Ji
- Xishan People's Hospital, Wuxi 214011, PR China
| | - Junliang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, PR China.
| | - Jun Gu
- Xishan People's Hospital, Wuxi 214011, PR China.
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76
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D’Egidio F, Castelli V, Cimini A, d’Angelo M. Cell Rearrangement and Oxidant/Antioxidant Imbalance in Huntington's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:571. [PMID: 36978821 PMCID: PMC10045781 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's Disease (HD) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder caused by the expansion of a CAG triplet repeat in the HTT gene, resulting in the production of an aberrant huntingtin (Htt) protein. The mutant protein accumulation is responsible for neuronal dysfunction and cell death. This is due to the involvement of oxidative damage, excitotoxicity, inflammation, and mitochondrial impairment. Neurons naturally adapt to bioenergetic alteration and oxidative stress in physiological conditions. However, this dynamic system is compromised when a neurodegenerative disorder occurs, resulting in changes in metabolism, alteration in calcium signaling, and impaired substrates transport. Thus, the aim of this review is to provide an overview of the cell's answer to the stress induced by HD, focusing on the role of oxidative stress and its balance with the antioxidant system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michele d’Angelo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
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77
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Jha D, Bakker ENTP, Kumar R. Mechanistic and therapeutic role of NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2023. [PMID: 36802053 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, has emerged as the most common form of dementia in the elderly. Several pathological hallmarks have been identified, including neuroinflammation. A comprehensive insight into the underlying mechanisms that can fuel the development of novel therapeutic approaches is necessary because of the alarmingly rapid increase in the frequency of incidence. Recently, NLRP3 inflammasome was identified as a critical mediator of neuroinflammation. Activation of nucleotide-binding domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome by amyloid, neurofibrillary tangles, impaired autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress, triggers the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18. Subsequently, these cytokines can promote neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. It is well established that genetic or pharmacological ablation of NLRP3 alleviates AD-related pathological features in in vitro and in vivo models. Therefore, several synthetic and natural compounds have been identified that exhibit the potential to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome and alleviate AD-associated pathology. The current review article will highlight the various mechanisms by which activation of NLRP3 inflammation occurs during Alzheimer's disease, and how it influences neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. Moreover, we will summarise the different small molecules that possess the potential to inhibit NLRP3 and can pave the path for developing novel therapeutic interventions for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanshree Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM School of Sciences, GITAM (Deemed to be) University, Vishakhapatnam, India
| | - Erik N T P Bakker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Location University of Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Neuroscience Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM School of Sciences, GITAM (Deemed to be) University, Vishakhapatnam, India.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Location University of Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Neuroscience Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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78
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Martinho FC, Corazza BJM, Khoury RD, Orozco EIF, Toia CC, Machado FP, Valera MC. Impact of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and calcium hydroxide intracanal medications in primary endodontic infection: a randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2023. [PMID: 35723751 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04511-z.[e-pub]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This RCT investigated the impact of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] intracanal medications (ICMs) in primary endodontic infection with apical periodontitis (PEIAP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six teeth with PEIAP were randomly divided into groups according to the ICM: NAC, Ca(OH)2 + saline solution (SSL), and Ca(OH)2 + 2% chlorhexidine-gel (2% CHX-gel) (all, n = 12). Root canal samples (RCSs) were collected before (s1) and after instrumentation (s2) and after 14 days of ICM (s3). Chemomechanical preparation (CMP) was performed with a Reciproc file and 2.5% NaOCl. Checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization was used to assess 40 target bacteria species. RESULTS At s1, bacterial DNA was detected in 100% of RCSs (36/36). All 40 bacterial species were found in PEIAP. The mean number of species per RCS was 17.92 ± 13.18. The most frequent bacteria were S. mitis (65%), E. nodatum (63%), E. faecalis (63%), F. nucl sp vicentii (58%), T. forsythia (58%), and F. periodonticum (56%). CMP reduced the mean number of species per RCS to 6.8 ± 2.36 (p < 0.05). At s3, the intragroup analysis revealed a broader antimicrobial activity for Ca (OH)2 + 2% CHX-gel and NAC than Ca(OH)2 + SSL (p < 0.05). NAC eliminated 8/12 bacteria species resistant to both Ca (OH)2 ICMs, including P. micra, P. nigrescens, T. denticola, A. israelii, P. endodontalis, P. acnes, C. ochracea, and E. corrodens. CONCLUSIONS Ca (OH)2 + 2% chlorhexidine gel (2% CHX gel) showed a greater bacterial elimination over the number of bacterial species; however, NAC eliminated 8/12 bacteria species resistant to both Ca (OH)2 ICMs (RBR-3xbnnn). CLINICAL RELEVANCE The use of intracanal medication with a broad antimicrobial activity can optimize root canal disinfection. Ca(OH)2 + 2% CHX gel and NAC showed a broader antimicrobial activity than Ca(OH)2 + SSL against endodontic pathogens in primary root canal infection. TRIAL REGISTRATION Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (REBEC), No. RBR-3xbnnn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico C Martinho
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, 650 West Baltimore Street, 6th floor, Suite 6253, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Bruna J M Corazza
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rayana D Khoury
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Esteban I F Orozco
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cassia C Toia
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe P Machado
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia C Valera
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Albeltagy RS, Dawood SM, Mumtaz F, Abdel Moneim AE, El-Habit OH. Antioxidant capacity of N-acetylcysteine against the molecular and cytotoxic implications of cadmium chloride leading to hepatotoxicity and vital progression. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:23237-23247. [PMID: 36322347 PMCID: PMC9938820 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23823-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have reported that cadmium (Cd) can induce liver cell injury; however, the toxicity mechanisms of Cd on the liver have not been fully explained. Thirty-two male albino rats were divided into four groups: the control group, the N-acetylcysteine (NAC) group orally as effervescent instant sachets with a concentration of 200 mg dissolved in distilled water and dosage was 200 mg/kg body weight freshly prepared, the cadmium chloride (CdCl2) group (treated with 3 mg/kg orally), and the N-acetylcysteine (NAC) + cadmium chloride group (treated with 200 mg/kg orally post to CdCl2) for 60 days. The NAC alone did not make notable changes in most of the parameters. The CdCl2 alone, compared to control, induced significant alterations in oxidative stress markers (increment in lipid peroxidation (LPO) and nitric oxide (NO)) and antioxidant defense system (decrement in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)), which resulted in a downregulation of pro-apoptotic Bcl2-associated X protein (Bax) and caspase-3 and upregulation of anti-apoptotic B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) protein as well as the survival fate of hepatic cells. Post-administration of NAC to CdCl2 resulted in a reduction in oxidative stress markers, shifting of cells from the G2/M phase to the G0/G1 inhibiting signal-regulated kinase activation, and impairment of the anti-apoptotic signaling pathway when compared to the CdCl2 group alone. Accordingly, the Bcl2/Bax ratio was reduced to 1.17-fold change, as an adaptive process to hepatic tissue injury. These findings demonstrated that NAC would attenuate the possibility of oxidative stress and cytotoxicity of hepatic tissue induced by CdCl2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha S Albeltagy
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shauq M Dawood
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, Osmania University, Telangana State, Hyderabad, India
| | - Farah Mumtaz
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Abdel Moneim
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ola H El-Habit
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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80
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Zhang Q, Deng C, Peng M, Li C, Teng Y, Guo S, Wu T, Yi D, Hou Y. Integration of transcriptomic and proteomic analyses reveals protective mechanisms of N-acetylcysteine in indomethacin-stimulated enterocytes. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 112:109231. [PMID: 36435287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal health is critical for the growth and development of humans and animals. Our previous study has demonstrated that indomethacin (IDMT) could induce intestinal injury in piglets, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) supplementation contributed to alleviating intestinal injury induced by various stimuli. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of IDMT-induced cell death in IPEC-1 cell lines and explored the role of NAC by using transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. Results showed that cell viability was substantially reduced with the increasing concentrations of IDMT, whereas NAC significantly increased the survival rate of IPEC-1 cells regardless of its addition method. Transcriptomics and proteomics data indicated that terms, such as cell cycle, energy metabolism, and cell proliferation, were significantly enriched by Gene ontology and pathway analyses. Flow cytometer analysis showed that IDMT induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. The expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins (CDK1, CCNA2, and CDC45) was decreased by IDMT stimulation. Importantly, NAC treatment repaired IDMT-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by increasing ATP production, decreasing oxygen consumption rate in non-mitochondrial O2 consumption, and increasing the red/green fluorescence ratio. IDMT stimulation significantly increased caspase-3 expression, which was partially reversed by NAC treatment. These results suggest that IDMT-induced cell death may be attributable to disturbance of the cell cycle processes, mitochondria dysfunction and apoptosis, and NAC could confer a protective effect by restoring the mitochondrial function and inhibiting the apoptosis pathway. This study provides a theoretical basis for the pathogenesis of IDMT-induced intestinal injury and guides the clinic application of NAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cuifang Deng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Peng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengcheng Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Teng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuangshuang Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Yi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yongqing Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China.
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81
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Martinho FC, Corazza BJM, Khoury RD, Orozco EIF, Toia CC, Machado FP, Valera MC. Impact of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and calcium hydroxide intracanal medications in primary endodontic infection: a randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:817-826. [PMID: 35723751 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04585-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This RCT investigated the impact of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] intracanal medications (ICMs) in primary endodontic infection with apical periodontitis (PEIAP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six teeth with PEIAP were randomly divided into groups according to the ICM: NAC, Ca(OH)2 + saline solution (SSL), and Ca(OH)2 + 2% chlorhexidine-gel (2% CHX-gel) (all, n = 12). Root canal samples (RCSs) were collected before (s1) and after instrumentation (s2) and after 14 days of ICM (s3). Chemomechanical preparation (CMP) was performed with a Reciproc file and 2.5% NaOCl. Checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization was used to assess 40 target bacteria species. RESULTS At s1, bacterial DNA was detected in 100% of RCSs (36/36). All 40 bacterial species were found in PEIAP. The mean number of species per RCS was 17.92 ± 13.18. The most frequent bacteria were S. mitis (65%), E. nodatum (63%), E. faecalis (63%), F. nucl sp vicentii (58%), T. forsythia (58%), and F. periodonticum (56%). CMP reduced the mean number of species per RCS to 6.8 ± 2.36 (p < 0.05). At s3, the intragroup analysis revealed a broader antimicrobial activity for Ca (OH)2 + 2% CHX-gel and NAC than Ca(OH)2 + SSL (p < 0.05). NAC eliminated 8/12 bacteria species resistant to both Ca (OH)2 ICMs, including P. micra, P. nigrescens, T. denticola, A. israelii, P. endodontalis, P. acnes, C. ochracea, and E. corrodens. CONCLUSIONS Ca (OH)2 + 2% chlorhexidine gel (2% CHX gel) showed a greater bacterial elimination over the number of bacterial species; however, NAC eliminated 8/12 bacteria species resistant to both Ca (OH)2 ICMs (RBR-3xbnnn). CLINICAL RELEVANCE The use of intracanal medication with a broad antimicrobial activity can optimize root canal disinfection. Ca(OH)2 + 2% CHX gel and NAC showed a broader antimicrobial activity than Ca(OH)2 + SSL against endodontic pathogens in primary root canal infection. TRIAL REGISTRATION Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (REBEC), No. RBR-3xbnnn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico C Martinho
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, 650 West Baltimore Street, 6th floor, Suite 6253, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Bruna J M Corazza
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rayana D Khoury
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Esteban I F Orozco
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cassia C Toia
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe P Machado
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia C Valera
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Karbasi A, Abbasifard A, Firouzian F, Asl SS, Azizi Z, Ranjbar A. Is nanoparaquat safer than bulk paraquat? An in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Toxicology 2023; 484:153398. [PMID: 36535436 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is an herbicide which has brought some health problems through the production of reactive oxygen species. The increasing interest in the novel formulation of agrochemicals has been aiming to provide safety for non-target organisms. Chitosan is a well-known non-toxic polymer, commonly used in preparing particles via ionotropic gelation. In this study, we prepared PQ nanoparticles (PQNPs) and evaluated their toxicity in vivo and in vitro. PQNPs were prepared and characterized in two forms, with and without the utilization of chitosan. Relative cell survival of PQNPs were studied against bulk PQ in HEK-293. Also, the acute lung injury of PQNP was assessed against treatment with acetylcysteine. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), lipid peroxidation (LPO), total thiol groups (TTG), and hydroxyproline, along with histological changes were assessed in the lungs. The size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index of the optimum particles were about 157.7 ± 7.03, 22.25 ± 4.52, and 0.701, respectively. The encapsulation efficiency was 65.11 ± 10.45, and the loading percent of PQ was 58.57 ± 2.37. PQNPs showed an initial burst of PQ release followed by a zero-degree pattern. PQNPs displayed lower cell cytotoxicity compared to bulk PQ. LPO, TAC, TTG, and hydroxyproline levels in lungs generally showed more satisfying status in PQNPQs as well. The levels of oxidative status markers indicate lower oxidative damage in lungs and a more desirable response to acetylcysteine treatment, in line with histological changes. PQ loaded in chitosan-alginate particles offers safer characteristics compared with bulk PQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Karbasi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Anahita Abbasifard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Farzin Firouzian
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sara Soleimani Asl
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Zahra Azizi
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Akram Ranjbar
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Ma F, Li H, Huo H, Han Q, Liao J, Zhang H, Li Y, Pan J, Hu L, Guo J, Tang Z. N-acetyl-L-cysteine alleviates FUNDC1-mediated mitophagy by regulating mitochondrial dynamics in type 1 diabetic nephropathy canine. Life Sci 2023; 313:121278. [PMID: 36521547 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus, and hyperglycemia and hypertension are the main risk factors for the development of DN. N-Acetyl-Cysteine (NAC) has a variety of effects, interfering with the production and scavenging of free radicals and regulating the metabolic activity of tissue cells. However, the efficacy of NAC on DN treatment is unclear. Thus, this study investigated the protective mechanism of NAC combined with insulin on renal injury in dogs with DN. The forty dogs were selected and divided into control group, DM group, INS group, INS + NAC group and NAC group to establish the model for a trial period of 4 months. The results revealed that INS + NAC was effective in reducing and stabilizing blood glucose levels. Biochemical results showed that INS + NAC treatment significantly regulated the stability of UREA, CREA and fructosamine indicators. Meanwhile, histopathology staining showed significant glomerular wrinkling and fibrosis in the DM group, which could be reversed after INS + NAC treatment. In addition, INS + NAC could restore mitochondria homeostasis by upregulating the levels of mitochondrial fission (MFN1, MFN2 and OPA1) and inhibiting of mitochondrial fusion (DRP1, FIS1 and MFF) related indicators. Further studies revealed that INS + NAC regulated the expression levels of renal BNIP3, NIX and FUNDC1 in the DM group, thereby alleviating mitophagy. Collectively, these results suggested that NAC combined with insulin protects DN by regulating the mitochondrial dynamics and FUNDC1-mediated mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyang Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Huayu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Haihua Huo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Qingyue Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jianzhao Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Ying Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Jiaqiang Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Lianmei Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Jianying Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China.
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84
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Bakadlag R, Limniatis G, Georges G, Georges E. The anti-estrogen receptor drug, tamoxifen, is selectively Lethal to P-glycoprotein-expressing Multidrug resistant tumor cells. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:24. [PMID: 36609245 PMCID: PMC9824978 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10474-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a member of the ATP Binding Cassette B1 subfamily (ABCB1), confers resistance to clinically relevant anticancer drugs and targeted chemotherapeutics. However, paradoxically P-glycoprotein overexpressing drug resistant cells are "collaterally sensitive" to non-toxic drugs that stimulate its ATPase activity. METHODS Cell viability assays were used to determine the effect of low concentrations of tamoxifen on the proliferation of multidrug resistant cells (CHORC5 and MDA-Doxo400), expressing P-gp, their parental cell lines (AuxB1 and MDA-MB-231) or P-gp-CRISPR knockout clones of AuxB1 and CHORC5 cells. Western blot analysis was used to estimate P-gp expression in different cell lines. Apoptosis of tamoxifen-induced cell death was estimated by flow cytometry using Annexin-V-FITC stained cells. Oxidative stress of tamoxifen treated cells was determined by measuring levels of reactive oxygen species and reduced thiols using cell-permeant 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) and 5,5-dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) DTNB, respectively. RESULTS In this report, we show that P-gp-expressing drug resistant cells (CHORC5 and MDA-Doxo400) are collaterally sensitive to the anti-estrogen tamoxifen or its metabolite (4-hydroxy-tamoxifen). Moreover, P-gp-knockout clones of CHORC5 cells display complete reversal of collateral sensitivity to tamoxifen. Drug resistant cells exposed to low concentrations of tamoxifen show significant rise in reactive oxygen species, drop of reduced cellular thiols and increased apoptosis. Consistent with the latter, CHORC5 cells expressing high levels of human Bcl-2 (CHORC5-Bcl-2) show significant resistance to tamoxifen. In addition, the presence of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine or P-gp ATPase inhibitor, PSC-833, reverse the collateral sensitivity of resistant cells to tamoxifen. By contrast, the presence of rotenone (specific inhibitor of mitochondria complex I) synergizes with tamoxifen. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the use of tamoxifen as collateral sensitivity drug that can preferentially target multidrug resistant cells expressing P-gp at clinically achievable concentrations. Given the widespread use of tamoxifen in the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers, this property of tamoxifen may have clinical applications in treatment of P-gp-positive drug resistant breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowa Bakadlag
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Institute of Parasitology, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Québec, H9X-3V9 Canada
| | - Georgia Limniatis
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Institute of Parasitology, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Québec, H9X-3V9 Canada
| | - Gabriel Georges
- grid.421142.00000 0000 8521 1798Department of Cardiac Surgery, Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Elias Georges
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Institute of Parasitology, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Québec, H9X-3V9 Canada
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cataract is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide and surgery is the only available treatment. Pharmacological therapy has emerged as a potential approach to combat the global shortage of surgery due to a lack of access and resources. This review summarizes recent findings in pharmacological treatment and delivery, focusing on drugs that target oxidative stress and the aggregation of crystallins. RECENT FINDINGS Antioxidants and oxysterols have been shown to improve or reverse lens opacity in cataract models. N-acetylcysteine amide and N-acetylcarnosine are two compounds that have increased bioavailability over their precursors, alleviating the challenges that have come with topical administration. Studies have shown promising results, with topical N-acetylcarnosine clinically decreasing lens opacity. Furthermore, lanosterol, and more recently 5-cholesten-3b,25-diol (VP1-001), have been reported to combat the aggregation of crystallins in vivo and ex vivo . Delivery has improved with the use of nanotechnology, but further research is needed to solidify these compounds' therapeutic effects on cataracts and improve delivery methods to the lens. SUMMARY Although further research in drug dosage, delivery, and mechanisms will need to be conducted, pharmacologic therapies have provided new strategies and treatments for the reversal of cataracts.
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C 60 fullerene attenuates muscle force reduction in a rat during fatigue development. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12449. [PMID: 36590525 PMCID: PMC9801117 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
C60 fullerene (C60) as a nanocarbon particle, compatible with biological structures, capable of penetrating through cell membranes and effectively scavenging free radicals, is widely used in biomedicine. A protective effect of C60 on the biomechanics of fast (m. gastrocnemius) and slow (m. soleus) muscle contraction in rats and the pro- and antioxidant balance of muscle tissue during the development of muscle fatigue was studied compared to the same effect of the known antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC). C60 and NAC were administered intraperitoneally at doses of 1 and 150 mg kg-1, respectively, daily for 5 days and 1 h before the start of the experiment. The following quantitative markers of muscle fatigue were used: the force of muscle contraction, the level of accumulation of secondary products of lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and the oxygen metabolite H2O2, the activity of first-line antioxidant defense enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)), and the condition of the glutathione system (reduced glutathione (GSH) content and the activity of the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme). The analysis of the muscle contraction force dynamics in rats against the background of induced muscle fatigue showed, that the effect of C60, 1 h after drug administration, was (15-17)% more effective on fast muscles than on slow muscles. A further slight increase in the effect of C60 was revealed after 2 h of drug injection, (7-9)% in the case of m. gastrocnemius and (5-6)% in the case of m. soleus. An increase in the effect of using C60 occurred within 4 days (the difference between 4 and 5 days did not exceed (3-5)%) and exceeded the effect of NAC by (32-34)%. The analysis of biochemical parameters in rat muscle tissues showed that long-term application of C60 contributed to their decrease by (10-30)% and (5-20)% in fast and slow muscles, respectively, on the 5th day of the experiment. At the same time, the protective effect of C60 was higher compared to NAC by (28-44)%. The obtained results indicate the prospect of using C60 as a potential protective nano agent to improve the efficiency of skeletal muscle function by modifying the reactive oxygen species-dependent mechanisms that play an important role in the processes of muscle fatigue development.
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Choi SM, Lee PH, An MH, Yun-Gi L, Park S, Baek AR, Jang AS. N-acetylcysteine decreases lung inflammation and fibrosis by modulating ROS and Nrf2 in mice model exposed to particulate matter. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2022; 44:832-837. [PMID: 35657279 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2022.2086138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Air pollutants can induce and incite airway diseases such as asthma. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) affects signaling pathways involved in apoptosis, angiogenesis, cell growth and arrest, redox-regulated gene expression, and the inflammatory response. However, it is not known how NAC change redox-regulated gene expression in asthma mouse model exposed to particulate matter (PM). To investigate the effects of NAC on asthma mice exposed to PM through Reactive oxygen species (ROS), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and mucin 5 (Muc5).Methods: To investigate the effects of NAC (100 mg/kg) on redox-regulated gene expression and lung fibrosis in a mouse model of asthma exposed to PM. A mice model of asthma induced by ovalbumin (OVA) or OVA plus titanium dioxide (OVA + TiO2) was established using wild-type BALB/c female mice, and the levels of Nrf2 and mucin 5AC (Muc5ac) proteins following NAC treatment were examined by Western blotting and immunostaining. In addition, the protein levels of ROS were checked.Results: Airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation, goblet cell hyperplasia, and lung fibrosis were higher in OVA, OVA + TiO2 mice than in control mice. NAC diminished OVA + TiO2-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation, goblet cell hyperplasia, and lung fibrosis. Levels of ROS, Nrf2, and Muc5ac protein were higher in lung tissue from OVA + TiO2 mice than that from control mice and were decreased by treatment with NAC.Conclusions: NAC reduce airway inflammation and responsiveness, goblet cell hyperplasia, and lung fibrosis by modulating ROS and Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Muk Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Pureun-Haneul Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Hyeok An
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Lee Yun-Gi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinhee Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Rin Baek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - An-Soo Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
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Potential Antioxidant Multitherapy against Complications Occurring in Sepsis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123088. [PMID: 36551843 PMCID: PMC9775396 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Septic shock currently represents one of the main causes of mortality in critical patient units with an increase in its incidence in recent years, and it is also associated with a high burden of morbidity in surviving patients. Within the pathogenesis of sepsis, oxidative stress plays an important role. The excessive formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to mitochondrial damage and vasomotor dysfunction that characterizes those patients who fall into septic shock. Currently, despite numerous studies carried out in patients with septic shock of different causes, effective therapies have not yet been developed to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with this pathology. Despite the contribution of ROS in the pathophysiology of sepsis and septic shock, most studies performed in humans, with antioxidant monotherapies, have not resulted in promising data. Nevertheless, some interventions with compounds such as ascorbate, N-acetylcysteine, and selenium would have a positive effect in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with this pathology. However, more studies are required to demonstrate the efficacy of these therapies. Taking into account the multifactorial features of the pathophysiology of sepsis, we put forward the hypothesis that a supplementation based on the association of more than one antioxidant compound should result in a synergistic or additive effect, thus improving the beneficial effects of each of them alone, potentially serving as a pharmacological adjunct resource to standard therapy to reduce sepsis complications. Therefore, in this review, it is proposed that the use of combined antioxidant therapies could lead to a better clinical outcome of patients with sepsis or septic shock, given the relevance of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of this multi-organ dysfunction.
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The Multiple Sclerosis Modulatory Potential of Natural Multi-Targeting Antioxidants. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238402. [PMID: 36500494 PMCID: PMC9740750 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex neurodegenerative disease. Although its pathogenesis is rather vague in some aspects, it is well known to be an inflammatory process characterized by inflammatory cytokine release and oxidative burden, resulting in demyelination and reduced remyelination and axonal survival together with microglial activation. Antioxidant compounds are gaining interest towards the manipulation of MS, since they offer, in most of the cases, many benefits, due to their pleiotropical activity, that mainly derives from the oxidative stress decrease. This review analyzes research articles, of the last decade, which describe biological in vitro, in vivo and clinical evaluation of various categories of the most therapeutically applied natural antioxidant compounds, and some of their derivatives, with anti-MS activity. It also summarizes some of the main characteristics of MS and the role the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species may have in its progression, as well as their relation with the other mechanistic aspects of the disease, in order for the multi-targeting potential of those antioxidants to be defined and the source of origination of such activity explained. Antioxidant compounds with specific characteristics are expected to affect positively some aspects of the disease, and their potential may render them as effective candidates for neurological impairment reduction in combination with the MS treatment regimen. However, more studies are needed in order such antioxidants to be established as recommended treatment to MS patients.
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90
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Zhang Q, Li P, Li H, Yi D, Guo S, Wang L, Zhao D, Wang C, Wu T, Hou Y. Multifaceted Effects and Mechanisms of N-Acetylcysteine on Intestinal Injury in a Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus-Infected Porcine Model. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2200369. [PMID: 36321532 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE This study investigates the potential effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on intestinal injury in a porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV)-infected porcine model. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty-two piglets are randomly assigned to one of four groups: the control, PEDV, NAC, and NAC+PEDV. Piglets in the NAC+PEDV group are orally administrated with NAC (100 mg (kg·BW)-1 day-1 ) for 4 consecutive days after 2 days of PEDV infection. The results show that NAC administration decreases the diarrhea rate and improves intestinal morphology. The concentration of diamine oxidase and intestinal fatty-acid binding protein, as well as IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α in the plasma, is decreased by NAC. Intriguingly, NAC administration significantly increases the viral load in the jejunum and ileum and down-regulates the expression of interferon-related genes. Microarray and proteomic analyses show that the differentially expressed genes/proteins between NAC+PEDV and PEDV groups are highly enriched in substance transport. Furthermore, aquaporin 8/10 expression is significantly increased by NAC upon PEDV infection. CONCLUSION NAC administration alleviates PEDV-induced intestinal injury by inhibiting inflammatory responses and improving substance transport, but promotes viral replication by inhibiting interferon signaling. These results suggest NAC exhibits multifaceted effects upon PEDV infection, and thus caution is required when using NAC as a dietary supplement to prevent viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, P. R. China
| | - Peng Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, P. R. China
| | - Hanbo Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, P. R. China
| | - Dan Yi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, P. R. China
| | - Shuangshuang Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, P. R. China
| | - Di Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, P. R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, P. R. China
| | - Yongqing Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, P. R. China
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Kurano T, Kanazawa T, Iioka S, Kondo H, Kosuge Y, Suzuki T. Intranasal Administration of N-acetyl-L-cysteine Combined with Cell-Penetrating Peptide-Modified Polymer Nanomicelles as a Potential Therapeutic Approach for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2590. [PMID: 36559085 PMCID: PMC9785447 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Intranasal administration is a promising route for direct drug delivery to the brain; its combination with nanocarriers enhances delivery. We have previously shown that intranasal administration combined with PEG-PCL-Tat (a nanocarrier) efficiently delivers drugs to the brain and exhibits excellent therapeutic efficacy against brain diseases. We aimed to clarify whether intranasal administration combined with PEG-PCL-Tat represents a useful drug delivery system (DDS) for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) pharmacotherapy. We used N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) as a model drug with low transferability to the spinal cord and determined the physicochemical properties of NAC/PEG-PCL-Tat. After intranasal administration of NAC/PEG-PCL-Tat, we measured the survival duration of superoxide dismutase-1 G93A mutant transgenic mice (G93A mice), widely used in ALS studies, and quantitatively analyzed the tissue distribution of NAC/PEG-PCL-Tat in ddY mice. The mean particle size and zeta potential of NAC/PEG-PCL-Tat were 294 nm and + 9.29 mV, respectively. Treatment with repeated intranasal administration of NAC/PEG-PCL-Tat considerably prolonged the median survival of G93A mice by 11.5 days compared with that of untreated G93A mice. Moreover, the highest distribution after a single administration of NAC/PEG-PCL-Tat was measured in the spinal cord. These results suggest that intranasal administration combined with PEG-PCL-Tat might represent a useful DDS for ALS therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Kurano
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi 274-8555, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takanori Kanazawa
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi 274-8555, Chiba, Japan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shingo Iioka
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiromu Kondo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kosuge
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi 274-8555, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toyofumi Suzuki
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi 274-8555, Chiba, Japan
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Mapamba DA, Sauli E, Mrema L, Lalashowi J, Magombola D, Buza J, Olomi W, Wallis RS, Ntinginya NE. Impact of N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC) on Tuberculosis (TB) Patients-A Systematic Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2298. [PMID: 36421484 PMCID: PMC9687770 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Sustained TB infection overproduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a host defense mechanism. Research shows ROS is destructive to lung tissue. Glutathione (GSH) neutralizes ROS, although it is consumed. NAC is a precursor of GSH synthesis, and administering an appropriate dose of NAC to patients with respiratory conditions may enhance lung recovery and replenish GSH. The present review searched for articles reporting on the effects of NAC in TB treatment from 1960 to 31 May 2022. The PICO search strategy was used in Google Scholar, PubMed, SciFinder, and Wiley online library databases. The COVIDENCE tool was used to delete inappropriate content. We eventually discovered five clinical trials, one case report, seven reviews, in vitro research, and four experimental animal studies from the twenty-four accepted articles. The use of NAC resulted in increased GSH levels, decreased treatment time, and was safe with minimal adverse events. However, the evidence is currently insufficient to estimate the overall effects of NAC, thus the study warrants more NAC clinical trials to demonstrate its effects in TB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Adon Mapamba
- National Institute for Medical Research-Mbeya Medical Research Center, Mbeya 53107, Tanzania
- The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha 23118, Tanzania
| | - Elingarami Sauli
- The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha 23118, Tanzania
| | - Lucy Mrema
- National Institute for Medical Research-Mbeya Medical Research Center, Mbeya 53107, Tanzania
| | - Julieth Lalashowi
- National Institute for Medical Research-Mbeya Medical Research Center, Mbeya 53107, Tanzania
| | - David Magombola
- National Institute for Medical Research-Mbeya Medical Research Center, Mbeya 53107, Tanzania
| | - Joram Buza
- The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha 23118, Tanzania
| | - Willyhelmina Olomi
- National Institute for Medical Research-Mbeya Medical Research Center, Mbeya 53107, Tanzania
| | | | - Nyanda Elias Ntinginya
- National Institute for Medical Research-Mbeya Medical Research Center, Mbeya 53107, Tanzania
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Tekeli MY, Çakır Bayram L, Eraslan G, Soyer Sarıca Z. The protective effect of chrysin against oxidative stress and organ toxicity in rats exposed to propetamphos. Drug Chem Toxicol 2022; 45:2664-2677. [PMID: 34587847 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1981479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the protective efficacy of chrysin against propetamphos exposure. For this purpose, 2 to 3-month-old 40 male Wistar Albino rats were used. These animals were randomly assigned to four groups. The animals in the control group received the vehicle substance (corn oil) alone. Groups 2, 3 and 4 were administered with 50 mg/kg.bw/day of chrysin (in corn oil), 10 mg/kg.bw/day of propetamphos (in corn oil), and 10 mg/kg.bw/day of propetamphos plus 50 mg/kg.bw/day of chrysin, respectively, for 28 days. Some oxidative stress/lipid peroxidation parameters (MDA, SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, NO, glutathione) and serum biochemical parameters (triglyceride, cholesterol, creatinine, BUN, creatine phosphokinase, ALT, ALP and pseudocholinesterase) were analyzed in tissue/blood samples. Also, histopathological findings were observed. According to the data obtained, no significant alteration had occurred in these parameters and the histological findings in the group given chrysin alone, when compared to the control group. Significant unfavorable alterations were detected in the oxidative stress/lipid peroxidation/antioxidant status parameters, all biochemical parameters and histopathological findings of the group that received propetamphos alone. In the group that was given both chrysin and propetamphos, remedial/recovery alterations were observed in the oxidative stress/lipid peroxidation/antioxidant status values, serum biochemical parameters and histopathological findings, such that the values and histopathological findings showed partly similarity to those of the control group. In result, it is suggested that chrysin may provide protection against propetamphos exposure and propetamphos-induced organ damage in rats at a certain level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Yasin Tekeli
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Latife Çakır Bayram
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Eraslan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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94
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Antibiofilm Combinatory Strategy: Moxifloxacin-Loaded Nanosystems and Encapsulated N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112294. [PMID: 36365113 PMCID: PMC9699636 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus, formed on implants, have a massive impact on the increasing number of antimicrobial resistance cases. The current treatment for biofilm-associated infections is based on the administration of antibiotics, failing to target the biofilm matrix. This work is focused on the development of multiple lipid nanoparticles (MLNs) encapsulating the antibiotic moxifloxacin (MOX). The nanoparticles were functionalized with d-amino acids to target the biofilm matrix. The produced formulations exhibited a mean hydrodynamic diameter below 300 nm, a low polydispersity index, and high encapsulation efficiency. The nanoparticles exhibited low cytotoxicity towards fibroblasts and low hemolytic activity. To target bacterial cells and the biofilm matrix, MOX-loaded MLNs were combined with a nanosystem encapsulating a matrix-disruptive agent: N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). The nanosystems alone showed a significant reduction of both S. aureus biofilm viability and biomass, using the microtiter plate biofilm model. Further, biofilms grown inside polyurethane catheters were used to assess the effect of combining MOX-loaded and NAC-loaded nanosystems on biofilm viability. An increased antibiofilm efficacy was observed when combining the functionalized MOX-loaded MLNs and NAC-loaded nanosystems. Thus, nanosystems as carriers of bactericidal and matrix-disruptive agents are a promising combinatory strategy towards the eradication of S. aureus biofilms.
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95
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Cao X, Guo L, Zhou C, Huang C, Li G, Zhuang Y, Yang F, Liu P, Hu G, Gao X, Guo X. Effects of N-acetyl-l-cysteine on chronic heat stress-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in the ovaries of growing pullets. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102274. [PMID: 36402045 PMCID: PMC9673114 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of supplemental N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) on chronic heat stress-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in the ovaries of growing pullets. A total of 120, 12-wk-old, Hy-Line Brown hens were randomly separated into 4 groups with 6 replicates of 5 birds in each group for 21 d. The 4 treatments were as follows: the CON group and CN group were supplemented with basal diet or basal diet with 1 g/kg NAC, respectively; and the HS group and HSN group were heat-stressed groups supplemented with basal diet or basal diet with 1 g/kg NAC, respectively. The results indicated that the ovaries suffered pathological damage due to chronic heat stress and that NAC effectively ameliorated these changes. Compared with the HS group, antioxidant enzyme activities (including SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, and T-AOC) were enhanced, while the MDA contents and the expression levels of HSP70 were decreased in the HSN group. In addition, NAC upregulated the expression levels of HO-1, SOD2, and GST by upregulating the activity of Nrf2 at different time points to mitigate oxidative stress caused by heat exposure. Simultaneously, NAC attenuated chronic heat stress-induced NF-κB pathway activation and decreased the expression levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-8, IL-18, TNF-α, IKK-α, and IFN-γ. Cumulatively, our results indicated that NAC could ameliorate chronic heat stress-induced ovarian damage by upregulating the antioxidative capacity and reducing the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines.
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96
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Fisette A, Sergi D, Breton-Morin A, Descôteaux S, Martinoli MG. New Insights on the Role of Bioactive Food Derivatives in Neurodegeneration and Neuroprotection. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:3068-3081. [PMID: 36121075 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220919085742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Over the last three decades, neurodegenerative diseases have received increasing attention due to their frequency in the aging population and the social and economic burdens they are posing. In parallel, an era's worth of research in neuroscience has shaped our current appreciation of the complex relationship between nutrition and the central nervous system. Particular branches of nutrition continue to galvanize neuroscientists, in particular the diverse roles that bioactive food derivatives play on health and disease. Bioactive food derivatives are nowadays recognized to directly impact brain homeostasis, specifically with respect to their actions on cellular mechanisms of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis and autophagy. However, ambiguities still exist regarding the significance of the influence of bioactive food derivatives on human health. In turn, gut microbiota dysbiosis is emerging as a novel player in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Currently, several routes of communication exist between the gut and the brain, where molecules are either released in the bloodstream or directly transported to the CNS. As such, bioactive food derivatives can modulate the complex ecosystem of the gut-brain axis, thus, targeting this communication network holds promises as a neuroprotective tool. This review aims at addressing one of the emerging aspects of neuroscience, particularly the interplay between food bioactive derivatives and neurodegeneration. We will specifically address the role that polyphenols and omega-3 fatty acids play in preventing neurodegenerative diseases and how dietary intervention complements available pharmacological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Fisette
- Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Qc., Canada
| | - Domenico Sergi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alyssa Breton-Morin
- Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Qc., Canada
| | - Savanah Descôteaux
- Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Qc., Canada
| | - Maria-Grazia Martinoli
- Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Qc., Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, U. Laval and CHU Research Center, Québec, Canada
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97
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Son JH, Gerenza AK, Bingener GM, Bonkowsky JL. Hypoplasia of dopaminergic neurons by hypoxia-induced neurotoxicity is associated with disrupted swimming development of larval zebrafish. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:963037. [PMID: 36212692 PMCID: PMC9540391 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.963037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic injury to the developing brain increases the risk of permanent behavioral deficits, but the precise mechanisms of hypoxic injury to the developing nervous system are poorly understood. In this study, we characterized the effects of developmental hypoxia (1% pO2 from 24 to 48 h post-fertilization, hpf) on diencephalic dopaminergic (DA) neurons in larval zebrafish and the consequences on the development of swimming behavior. Hypoxia reduced the number of diencephalic DA neurons at 48 hpf. Returning zebrafish larvae to normoxia after the hypoxia (i.e., hypoxia-recovery, HR) induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Real-time qPCR results showed that HR caused upregulation of proapoptotic genes, including p53 and caspase3, suggesting the potential for ROS-induced cell death. With HR, we also found an increase in TUNEL-positive DA neurons, a persistent reduction in the number of diencephalic DA neurons, and disrupted swimming development and behavior. Interestingly, post-hypoxia (HR) with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine partially restored the number of DA neurons and spontaneous swimming behavior, demonstrating potential recovery from hypoxic injury. The present study provides new insights for understanding the mechanisms responsible for motor disability due to developmental hypoxic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hyun Son
- Department of Biology, Neuroscience Program, University of Scranton, Scranton, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Jong-Hyun Son,
| | - Amanda K. Gerenza
- Department of Biology, Neuroscience Program, University of Scranton, Scranton, PA, United States
| | - Gabrielle M. Bingener
- Department of Biology, Neuroscience Program, University of Scranton, Scranton, PA, United States
| | - Joshua L. Bonkowsky
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Brain and Spine Center, Primary Children’s Hospital, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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98
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Permeisari D. Future insights of pharmacological prevention for AKI post cardiopulmonary bypass surgery (based on PK/PD approach). Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:975641. [PMID: 36210841 PMCID: PMC9536004 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.975641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) post-cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) can cause an increase in the rate of renal replacement therapy (RRT) and mortality rate. Compared to brain and liver damage post-CPB, AKI has the highest incidence of 83%. Based on this phenomenon, various efforts have been made to reduce the incidence of AKI post-CPB, both pharmacologically and non-pharmacologically interventions. The purpose of this review is to emphasize several renal protector agents which under optimal conditions can provide significant benefits in reducing the incidence of AKI post-CPB. This article was obtained by conducting a study on several kinds of literature, including the original article, RCT study, systematic review and meta-analysis, and other review articles. There are five renal protector agents that are the focus of this article, those are fenoldopam which effectively works to prevent the incidence of AKI post-CPB, while furosemide has shown satisfactory results in patients with decreased renal function when administered in the Renal Guard (RG) system, mannitol, and nitric oxide, both of these can also effectively reduce the incidence of AKI post‐CPB by controlling its blood concentration and timing of administration, and another form of N-Acetylcysteine, namely N‐Acetylcysteine amide has better activity as a renoprotective agent than N‐Acetylcysteine itself. The benefits of these agents can be obtained by developing devices that can control drug levels in the blood and create optimal conditions for drugs during the use of a CPB machine.
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99
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100
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Yang YS, Maddock RJ, Zhang H, Lee J, Hellemann G, Marder SR, Green MF. N-Acetylcysteine effects on glutathione and glutamate in schizophrenia: A preliminary MRS study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2022; 325:111515. [PMID: 35839558 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2022.111515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a commonly used antioxidant that may have beneficial effects for schizophrenia. In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled preliminary study, 40 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were randomized to receive 2400 mg NAC daily or placebo over eight weeks to examine the effects of NAC on prefrontal magnetic resonance spectroscopy levels of glutathione and glutamate. Secondary outcomes included negative symptoms, cognition, and plasma glutathione levels. We found that NAC treatment was associated with increased glutathione (statistically significant) and decreased glutamate (trend-level) compared with placebo in medial prefrontal cortex but not dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. We also observed a baseline association between medial prefrontal cortex levels of glutathione and plasma reduced / oxidized glutathione ratios. No treatment effects on symptoms or cognition were observed. Taken together, these findings indicate that treatment with N-acetylcysteine may increase medial prefrontal cortical levels of glutathione after eight weeks of treatment. These changes in cortical levels of glutathione may serve as an early biomarker of later clinical change and may underlie the cognitive and symptomatic improvements reported in longer-term treatment studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne S Yang
- VISN22 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A; Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A.
| | - Richard J Maddock
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, U.S.A
| | - Huailin Zhang
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A
| | - Junghee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, U.S.A
| | - Gerhard Hellemann
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, U.S.A
| | - Stephen R Marder
- VISN22 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A; Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A
| | - Michael F Green
- VISN22 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A; Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A
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