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Predicting PY motif-mediated protein-protein interactions in the Nedd4 family of ubiquitin ligases. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258315. [PMID: 34637467 PMCID: PMC8509885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Nedd4 family contains several structurally related but functionally distinct HECT-type ubiquitin ligases. The members of the Nedd4 family are known to recognize substrates through their multiple WW domains, which recognize PY motifs (PPxY, LPxY) or phospho-threonine or phospho-serine residues. To better understand protein interactor recognition mechanisms across the Nedd4 family, we report the development and implementation of a python-based tool, PxYFinder, to identify PY motifs in the primary sequences of previously identified interactors of Nedd4 and related ligases. Using PxYFinder, we find that, on average, half of Nedd4 family interactions are likely PY-motif mediated. Further, we find that PPxY motifs are more prevalent than LPxY motifs and are more likely to occur in proline-rich regions and that PPxY regions are more disordered on average relative to LPxY-containing regions. Informed by consensus sequences for PY motifs across the Nedd4 interactome, we rationally designed a focused peptide library and employed a computational screen, revealing sequence- and biomolecular interaction-dependent determinants of WW-domain/PY-motif interactions. Cumulatively, our efforts provide a new bioinformatic tool and expand our understanding of sequence and structural factors that contribute to PY-motif mediated interactor recognition across the Nedd4 family.
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Gavali S, Liu J, Li X, Paolino M. Ubiquitination in T-Cell Activation and Checkpoint Inhibition: New Avenues for Targeted Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10800. [PMID: 34639141 PMCID: PMC8509743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of T-cell-based immunotherapy has remarkably transformed cancer patient treatment. Despite their success, the currently approved immunotherapeutic protocols still encounter limitations, cause toxicity, and give disparate patient outcomes. Thus, a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms of T-cell activation and inhibition is much needed to rationally expand targets and possibilities to improve immunotherapies. Protein ubiquitination downstream of immune signaling pathways is essential to fine-tune virtually all immune responses, in particular, the positive and negative regulation of T-cell activation. Numerous studies have demonstrated that deregulation of ubiquitin-dependent pathways can significantly alter T-cell activation and enhance antitumor responses. Consequently, researchers in academia and industry are actively developing technologies to selectively exploit ubiquitin-related enzymes for cancer therapeutics. In this review, we discuss the molecular and functional roles of ubiquitination in key T-cell activation and checkpoint inhibitory pathways to highlight the vast possibilities that targeting ubiquitination offers for advancing T-cell-based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Magdalena Paolino
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 17176 Solna, Sweden; (S.G.); (J.L.); (X.L.)
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53
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Russi M, Marson D, Fermeglia A, Aulic S, Fermeglia M, Laurini E, Pricl S. The fellowship of the RING: BRCA1, its partner BARD1 and their liaison in DNA repair and cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 232:108009. [PMID: 34619284 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1) and its partner - the BRCA1-associated RING domain protein 1 (BARD1) - are key players in a plethora of fundamental biological functions including, among others, DNA repair, replication fork protection, cell cycle progression, telomere maintenance, chromatin remodeling, apoptosis and tumor suppression. However, mutations in their encoding genes transform them into dangerous threats, and substantially increase the risk of developing cancer and other malignancies during the lifetime of the affected individuals. Understanding how BRCA1 and BARD1 perform their biological activities therefore not only provides a powerful mean to prevent such fatal occurrences but can also pave the way to the development of new targeted therapeutics. Thus, through this review work we aim at presenting the major efforts focused on the functional characterization and structural insights of BRCA1 and BARD1, per se and in combination with all their principal mediators and regulators, and on the multifaceted roles these proteins play in the maintenance of human genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Russi
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTs), DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Domenico Marson
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTs), DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alice Fermeglia
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTs), DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Suzana Aulic
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTs), DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fermeglia
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTs), DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Erik Laurini
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTs), DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Sabrina Pricl
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTs), DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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Song Y, Song X, Zhang D, Yang Y, Wang L, Song L. An HECT domain ubiquitin ligase CgWWP1 regulates granulocytes proliferation in oyster Crassostrea gigas. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 123:104148. [PMID: 34097916 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is involved in the regulation of granulocyte proliferation in vertebrate, and E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP1 has been reported to play an essential role in this process. In the present study, an HECT type E3 ubiquitin ligase (CgWWP1) was identified from oyster Crassostrea gigas, which contained a N-terminal C2 domain, four WW domains, and a C-terminal HECT domain. CgWWP1 was able to bind the activated ubiquitin (Ub) and formed CgWWP1-Ub complex in vitro. The mRNA transcripts of CgWWP1 were expressed in granulocytes, semi-granulocytes and agranulocytes, with the highest expression level in granulocytes. The expressions of potential granulocyte markers CgSOX11 (0.18-fold, p < 0.05) and CgAATase (0.2-fold, p < 0.01) in haemocytes were significantly down-regulated at 24 h after the treatment with Indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a WWP1 inhibitor. The proportions of EdU+ granulocytes reduced significantly at 12 h (8.1% ± 1.4%) and 24 h (9.7% ± 2.8%) after I3C treatment, which were significantly lower than that in the sterile seawater treatment (SW) group at 12 h (15.8% ± 4.2%) and 24 h (17.6% ± 0.8%), respectively. Meanwhile, the green EdU signals observed by confocal scanning microscopy in granulocytes of oysters treated by I3C became weaker compared to that in the SW group. These results indicated that CgWWP1 was involved in the regulation of granulocyte proliferation as a ubiquitin-protein ligase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiaorui Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
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55
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Hecw controls oogenesis and neuronal homeostasis by promoting the liquid state of ribonucleoprotein particles. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5488. [PMID: 34531401 PMCID: PMC8446043 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25809-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Specialised ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules are a hallmark of polarized cells, like neurons and germ cells. Among their main functions is the spatial and temporal modulation of the activity of specific mRNA transcripts that allow specification of primary embryonic axes. While RNPs composition and role are well established, their regulation is poorly defined. Here, we demonstrate that Hecw, a newly identified Drosophila ubiquitin ligase, is a key modulator of RNPs in oogenesis and neurons. Hecw depletion leads to the formation of enlarged granules that transition from a liquid to a gel-like state. Loss of Hecw activity results in defective oogenesis, premature aging and climbing defects associated with neuronal loss. At the molecular level, reduced ubiquitination of the Fmrp impairs its translational repressor activity, resulting in altered Orb expression in nurse cells and Profilin in neurons. Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules are responsible for mRNA transport and local translation required for neuronal and oocyte maturation. Here the authors show that loss of the Drosophila Ub ligase Hecw enlarges RNP granules, leads to a liquid to gel-like transition, and results in defective oogenesis and neuronal loss.
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56
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Guo J, Cheng J, Zheng N, Zhang X, Dai X, Zhang L, Hu C, Wu X, Jiang Q, Wu D, Okada H, Pandolfi PP, Wei W. Copper Promotes Tumorigenesis by Activating the PDK1-AKT Oncogenic Pathway in a Copper Transporter 1 Dependent Manner. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2004303. [PMID: 34278744 PMCID: PMC8456201 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202004303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Copper plays pivotal roles in metabolic homoeostasis, but its potential role in human tumorigenesis is not well defined. Here, it is revealed that copper activates the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (PKB, also termed AKT) oncogenic signaling pathway to facilitate tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, copper binds 3-phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1), in turn promotes PDK1 binding and subsequently activates its downstream substrate AKT to facilitate tumorigenesis. Blocking the copper transporter 1 (CTR1)-copper axis by either depleting CTR1 or through the use of copper chelators diminishes the AKT signaling and reduces tumorigenesis. In support of an oncogenic role for CTR1, the authors find that CTR1 is abnormally elevated in breast cancer, and is subjected by NEDD4 like E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (Nedd4l)-mediated negative regulation through ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. Accordingly, Nedd4l displays a tumor suppressive function by suppressing the CTR1-AKT signaling. Thus, the findings identify a novel regulatory crosstalk between the Nedd4l-CTR1-copper axis and the PDK1-AKT oncogenic signaling, and highlight the therapeutic relevance of targeting the CTR1-copper node for the treatment of hyperactive AKT-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Guo
- Department of PathologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02215USA
- Institute of Precision Medicinethe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510275China
| | - Ji Cheng
- Department of PathologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02215USA
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430022China
| | - Nana Zheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic DiseasesJiangsu Institute of HematologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215000China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Institute of Precision Medicinethe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510275China
| | - Xiaoming Dai
- Department of PathologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02215USA
| | - Linli Zhang
- Department of OncologyTongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430030China
| | - Changjiang Hu
- Department of PathologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02215USA
| | - Xueji Wu
- Institute of Precision Medicinethe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510275China
| | - Qiwei Jiang
- Institute of Precision Medicinethe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510275China
| | - Depei Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic DiseasesJiangsu Institute of HematologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215000China
| | - Hitoshi Okada
- Department of BiochemistryKindai University Faculty of Medicine377‐2 Ohno‐HigashiOsaka‐SayamaOsaka589‐8511Japan
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Division of GeneticsDepartment of MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02215USA
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of PathologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02215USA
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57
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Padmanabhan PK, Ferreira GR, Zghidi-Abouzid O, Oliveira C, Dumas C, Mariz FC, Papadopoulou B. Genetic depletion of the RNA helicase DDX3 leads to impaired elongation of translating ribosomes triggering co-translational quality control of newly synthesized polypeptides. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:9459-9478. [PMID: 34358325 PMCID: PMC8450092 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
DDX3 is a multifaceted RNA helicase of the DEAD-box family that plays central roles in all aspects of RNA metabolism including translation initiation. Here, we provide evidence that the Leishmania DDX3 ortholog functions in post-initiation steps of translation. We show that genetic depletion of DDX3 slows down ribosome movement resulting in elongation-stalled ribosomes, impaired translation elongation and decreased de novo protein synthesis. We also demonstrate that the essential ribosome recycling factor Rli1/ABCE1 and termination factors eRF3 and GTPBP1 are less recruited to ribosomes upon DDX3 loss, suggesting that arrested ribosomes may be inefficiently dissociated and recycled. Furthermore, we show that prolonged ribosome stalling triggers co-translational ubiquitination of nascent polypeptide chains and a higher recruitment of E3 ubiquitin ligases and proteasome components to ribosomes of DDX3 knockout cells, which further supports that ribosomes are not elongating optimally. Impaired elongation of translating ribosomes also results in the accumulation of cytoplasmic protein aggregates, which implies that defects in translation overwhelm the normal quality controls. The partial recovery of translation by overexpressing Hsp70 supports this possibility. Collectively, these results suggest an important novel contribution of DDX3 to optimal elongation of translating ribosomes by preventing prolonged translation stalls and stimulating recycling of arrested ribosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Kottayil Padmanabhan
- Research Center in Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Disease and Immunity CHU de Quebec Research Center-University Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectious Disease and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Gabriel Reis Ferreira
- Research Center in Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Disease and Immunity CHU de Quebec Research Center-University Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectious Disease and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Ouafa Zghidi-Abouzid
- Research Center in Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Disease and Immunity CHU de Quebec Research Center-University Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectious Disease and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Camila Oliveira
- Research Center in Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Disease and Immunity CHU de Quebec Research Center-University Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectious Disease and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Carole Dumas
- Research Center in Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Disease and Immunity CHU de Quebec Research Center-University Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectious Disease and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Filipe Colaço Mariz
- Research Center in Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Disease and Immunity CHU de Quebec Research Center-University Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectious Disease and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Barbara Papadopoulou
- Research Center in Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Disease and Immunity CHU de Quebec Research Center-University Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectious Disease and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
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58
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Sharma B, Saxena H, Negi H. Genome-wide analysis of HECT E3 ubiquitin ligase gene family in Solanum lycopersicum. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15891. [PMID: 34354159 PMCID: PMC8342558 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95436-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The E3 ubiquitin ligases have been known to intrigue many researchers to date, due to their heterogenicity and substrate mediation for ubiquitin transfer to the protein. HECT (Homologous to the E6-AP Carboxyl Terminus) E3 ligases are spatially and temporally regulated for substrate specificity, E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme interaction, and chain specificity during ubiquitylation. However, the role of the HECT E3 ubiquitin ligase in plant development and stress responses was rarely explored. We have conducted an in-silico genome-wide analysis to identify and predict the structural and functional aspects of HECT E3 ligase members in tomato. Fourteen members of HECT E3 ligases were identified and analyzed for the physicochemical parameters, phylogenetic relations, structural organizations, tissue-specific gene expression patterns, and protein interaction networks. Our comprehensive analysis revealed the HECT domain conservation throughout the gene family, close evolutionary relationship with different plant species, and active involvement of HECT E3 ubiquitin ligases in tomato plant development and stress responses. We speculate an indispensable biological significance of the HECT gene family through extensive participation in several plant cellular and molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Sharma
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering, and Built Environment, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.
- Structural and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, TERI School of Advanced Studies, New Delhi, 110070, India.
| | - Harshita Saxena
- Structural and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, TERI School of Advanced Studies, New Delhi, 110070, India
| | - Harshita Negi
- Structural and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, TERI School of Advanced Studies, New Delhi, 110070, India
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59
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Yang Q, Zhao J, Chen D, Wang Y. E3 ubiquitin ligases: styles, structures and functions. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2021; 2:23. [PMID: 35006464 PMCID: PMC8607428 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-021-00043-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
E3 ubiquitin ligases are a large family of enzymes that join in a three-enzyme ubiquitination cascade together with ubiquitin activating enzyme E1 and ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2. E3 ubiquitin ligases play an essential role in catalyzing the ubiquitination process and transferring ubiquitin protein to attach the lysine site of targeted substrates. Importantly, ubiquitination modification is involved in almost all life activities of eukaryotes. Thus, E3 ligases might be involved in regulating various biological processes and cellular responses to stress signal associated with cancer development. Thanks to their multi-functions, E3 ligases can be a promising target of cancer therapy. A deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of E3 ligases in tumorigenesis will help to find new prognostic markers and accelerate the growth of anticancer therapeutic approaches. In general, we mainly introduce the classifications of E3 ligases and their important roles in cancer progression and therapeutic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Yang
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Jinyao Zhao
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
| | - Yang Wang
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
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60
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The Role of HECT-Type E3 Ligase in the Development of Cardiac Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116065. [PMID: 34199773 PMCID: PMC8199989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in medicine, cardiac disease remains an increasing health problem associated with a high mortality rate. Maladaptive cardiac remodeling, such as cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, is a risk factor for heart failure; therefore, it is critical to identify new therapeutic targets. Failing heart is reported to be associated with hyper-ubiquitylation and impairment of the ubiquitin–proteasome system, indicating an importance of ubiquitylation in the development of cardiac disease. Ubiquitylation is a post-translational modification that plays a pivotal role in protein function and degradation. In 1995, homologous to E6AP C-terminus (HECT) type E3 ligases were discovered. E3 ligases are key enzymes in ubiquitylation and are classified into three families: really interesting new genes (RING), HECT, and RING-between-RINGs (RBRs). Moreover, 28 HECT-type E3 ligases have been identified in human beings. It is well conserved in evolution and is characterized by the direct attachment of ubiquitin to substrates. HECT-type E3 ligase is reported to be involved in a wide range of human diseases and health. The role of HECT-type E3 ligases in the development of cardiac diseases has been uncovered in the last decade. There are only a few review articles summarizing recent advancements regarding HECT-type E3 ligase in the field of cardiac disease. This study focused on cardiac remodeling and described the role of HECT-type E3 ligases in the development of cardiac disease. Moreover, this study revealed that the current knowledge could be exploited for the development of new clinical therapies.
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61
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Liu QN, Tang YY, Zhou MJ, Luo S, Li YT, Wang G, Zhang DZ, Yang H, Tang BP, He WF. Differentially expressed genes involved in immune pathways from yellowhead catfish (Tachysurus fulvidraco) after poly (I:C) challenge. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:340-345. [PMID: 33932411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Yellowhead catfish (Tachysurus fulvidraco) is an important aquaculture fish species in China with a high market value. Infectious diseases pose serious threats in farmed fish species, and although vaccines can prevent certain infections, they rely on potent adjuvants. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptomic profiles of spleens from poly (I:C)-treated T. fulvidraco. We obtained 46,362,922 reads corresponding to 490,926 transcripts and 318,059 genes. Gene annotation using different databases and subsequent differential gene expression analyses led to the identification of 5587 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 2473 were up-regulated and 3114 were down-regulated in poly (I:C)-treated fish. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs revealed the significant dysregulation of immune- and cancer-related genes in the spleens of poly (I:C)-treated fish. Notably, several components of JAK-STAT, MAPK, and p53 signaling pathways were significantly dysregulated in response to poly (I:C) treatment. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis of 11 randomly selected immune response genes confirmed the reliability of our findings. In conclusion, our findings provide novel insight into the immune responses of T. fulvidraco and suggest that poly (I:C) may represent a promising adjuvant of fish vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Ning Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, People's Republic of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Yu Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, People's Republic of China; College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Jiao Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Luo
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Tian Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, College of Aquaculture and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, People's Republic of China
| | - Dai-Zhen Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bo-Ping Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wen-Fei He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, People's Republic of China.
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62
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Morgenstern TJ, Colecraft HM. Controlling ion channel trafficking by targeted ubiquitination and deubiquitination. Methods Enzymol 2021; 654:139-167. [PMID: 34120711 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Plasma membrane-localized ion channels are essential for diverse physiological processes such as neurotransmission, muscle contraction, and osmotic homeostasis. The surface density of such ion channels is a major determinant of their function, and tuning this variable is a powerful way to regulate physiology. Dysregulation of ion channel surface density due to inherited or de novo mutations underlies many serious diseases, and molecules that can correct trafficking deficits are potential therapeutics and useful research tools. We have developed targeted ubiquitination and deubiquitination approaches that enable selective posttranslational down- or up-regulation, respectively, of desired ion channels. The method employs bivalent molecules comprised of an ion-channel-targeted nanobody fused to catalytic domains of either an E3 ubiquitin ligase or a deubiquitinase. Here, we use two examples to provide detailed protocols that illustrate the utility of the approach-rescued surface expression of a trafficking-deficient mutant KV7.1 (KCNQ1) channel that causes long QT syndrome, and selective elimination of the CaV2.2 voltage-gated calcium channel from the plasma membrane using targeted ubiquitination. Important aspects of the approach include having a robust assay to measure ion channel surface density and generating nanobody binders to cytosolic domains or subunits of targeted ion channels. Accordingly, we also review available methods for determining ion channel surface density and nanobody selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis J Morgenstern
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
| | - Henry M Colecraft
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States; Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States.
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63
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Novelli G, Liu J, Biancolella M, Alonzi T, Novelli A, Patten JJ, Cocciadiferro D, Agolini E, Colona VL, Rizzacasa B, Giannini R, Bigio B, Goletti D, Capobianchi MR, Grelli S, Mann J, McKee TD, Cheng K, Amanat F, Krammer F, Guarracino A, Pepe G, Tomino C, Tandjaoui-Lambiotte Y, Uzunhan Y, Tubiana S, Ghosn J, Notarangelo LD, Su HC, Abel L, Cobat A, Elhanan G, Grzymski JJ, Latini A, Sidhu SS, Jain S, Davey RA, Casanova JL, Wei W, Pandolfi PP. Inhibition of HECT E3 ligases as potential therapy for COVID-19. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:310. [PMID: 33762578 PMCID: PMC7987752 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03513-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the ongoing world-wide pandemic which has already taken more than two million lives. Effective treatments are urgently needed. The enzymatic activity of the HECT-E3 ligase family members has been implicated in the cell egression phase of deadly RNA viruses such as Ebola through direct interaction of its VP40 Protein. Here we report that HECT-E3 ligase family members such as NEDD4 and WWP1 interact with and ubiquitylate the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. Furthermore, we find that HECT family members are overexpressed in primary samples derived from COVID-19 infected patients and COVID-19 mouse models. Importantly, rare germline activating variants in the NEDD4 and WWP1 genes are associated with severe COVID-19 cases. Critically, I3C, a natural NEDD4 and WWP1 inhibitor from Brassicaceae, displays potent antiviral effects and inhibits viral egression. In conclusion, we identify the HECT family members of E3 ligases as likely novel biomarkers for COVID-19, as well as new potential targets of therapeutic strategy easily testable in clinical trials in view of the established well-tolerated nature of the Brassicaceae natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Novelli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133, Rome, Italy.
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, (IS), Italy.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | | | - Tonino Alonzi
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani - IRCCS, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - J J Patten
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dario Cocciadiferro
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Agolini
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Vito Luigi Colona
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Rizzacasa
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosalinda Giannini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Benedetta Bigio
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Delia Goletti
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani - IRCCS, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Capobianchi
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani - IRCCS, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandro Grelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Ke Cheng
- HistoWiz Inc, Brooklyn, NY, 11226, USA
| | - Fatima Amanat
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn school of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn school of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | - Gerardo Pepe
- Department of Biology, Tor Vergata University, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Tomino
- San Raffaele University of Rome, 00166, Rome, Italy
| | - Yacine Tandjaoui-Lambiotte
- Intensive Care Unit, Avicenne Hospital, APHP, Bobigny, France
- INSERM U1272 Hypoxia & Lung, Bobigny, France
| | - Yurdagul Uzunhan
- Pneumology Department, Reference Center for Rare Pulmonary Diseases, Hôpital Avicenne, APHP, Bobigny; INSERM UMR1272, Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France
| | - Sarah Tubiana
- Hôpital Bichat Claude Bernard, APHP, Paris, France
- Centre d'investigation Clinique, Inserm CIC, 1425, Paris, France
| | - Jade Ghosn
- Infection, Antimicrobials, Modelling, Evolution (IAME), INSERM, UMRS1137, University of Paris, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Bichat Claude Bernard Hospital, Infectious and Tropical Disease Department, Paris, France
| | | | - Helen C Su
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laurent Abel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Cobat
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Gai Elhanan
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, 89502, USA
- Renown Institute for Cancer, Nevada System of Higher Education, Reno, NV, 89502, USA
| | - Joseph J Grzymski
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, 89502, USA
- Renown Institute for Cancer, Nevada System of Higher Education, Reno, NV, 89502, USA
| | - Andrea Latini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Sachdev S Sidhu
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3E1 416-946-0863
| | | | - Robert A Davey
- Department of Microbiology Boston University, National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Renown Institute for Cancer, Nevada System of Higher Education, Reno, NV, 89502, USA.
- MBC, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, TO, 10126, Italy.
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64
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Vozandychova V, Stojkova P, Hercik K, Rehulka P, Stulik J. The Ubiquitination System within Bacterial Host-Pathogen Interactions. Microorganisms 2021; 9:638. [PMID: 33808578 PMCID: PMC8003559 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination of proteins, like phosphorylation and acetylation, is an important regulatory aspect influencing numerous and various cell processes, such as immune response signaling and autophagy. The study of ubiquitination has become essential to learning about host-pathogen interactions, and a better understanding of the detailed mechanisms through which pathogens affect ubiquitination processes in host cell will contribute to vaccine development and effective treatment of diseases. Pathogenic bacteria (e.g., Salmonella enterica, Legionella pneumophila and Shigella flexneri) encode many effector proteins, such as deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), targeting the host ubiquitin machinery and thus disrupting pertinent ubiquitin-dependent anti-bacterial response. We focus here upon the host ubiquitination system as an integral unit, its interconnection with the regulation of inflammation and autophagy, and primarily while examining pathogens manipulating the host ubiquitination system. Many bacterial effector proteins have already been described as being translocated into the host cell, where they directly regulate host defense processes. Due to their importance in pathogenic bacteria progression within the host, they are regarded as virulence factors essential for bacterial evasion. However, in some cases (e.g., Francisella tularensis) the host ubiquitination system is influenced by bacterial infection, although the responsible bacterial effectors are still unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Vozandychova
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Biology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 50001 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (P.S.); (K.H.); (P.R.)
| | - Pavla Stojkova
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Biology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 50001 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (P.S.); (K.H.); (P.R.)
| | - Kamil Hercik
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Biology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 50001 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (P.S.); (K.H.); (P.R.)
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 542/2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Rehulka
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Biology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 50001 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (P.S.); (K.H.); (P.R.)
| | - Jiri Stulik
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Biology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 50001 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (P.S.); (K.H.); (P.R.)
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65
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Yang L, Zhou W, Lin H. Posttranslational Modifications of Smurfs: Emerging Regulation in Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 10:610663. [PMID: 33718111 PMCID: PMC7950759 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.610663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Smad ubiquitination regulatory factors (Smurfs) belong to the Nedd4 subfamily of HECT-type E3 ubiquitin ligases. Under normal situations, Smurfs are exactly managed by upstream regulators, and thereby strictly control tumor biological processes, including cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, polarization, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), and invasion. Disruption of Smurf activity has been implicated in cancer progression, and Smurf activity is controlled by a series of posttranslational modifications (PTMs), including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, neddylation, sumoylation, and methylation. The effect and function of Smurfs depend on PTMs and regulate biological processes. Specifically, these modifications regulate the functional expression of Smurfs by affecting protein degradation and protein interactions. In this review, we summarize the complexity and diversity of Smurf PTMs from biochemical and biological perspectives and highlight the understanding of their roles in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longtao Yang
- Second Clinical Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenwen Zhou
- Second Clinical Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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66
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Bossuyt SNV, Punt AM, de Graaf IJ, van den Burg J, Williams MG, Heussler H, Elgersma Y, Distel B. Loss of nuclear UBE3A activity is the predominant cause of Angelman syndrome in individuals carrying UBE3A missense mutations. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:430-442. [PMID: 33607653 PMCID: PMC8101352 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Angelman syndrome (AS) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder caused by deletion (~75%) or mutation (~10%) of the ubiquitin E3 ligase A (UBE3A) gene, which encodes a HECT type E3 ubiquitin protein ligase. Although the critical substrates of UBE3A are unknown, previous studies have suggested a critical role of nuclear UBE3A in AS pathophysiology. Here, we investigated to what extent UBE3A missense mutations disrupt UBE3A subcellular localization as well as catalytic activity, stability and protein folding. Our functional screen of 31 UBE3A missense mutants revealed that UBE3A mislocalization is the predominant cause of UBE3A dysfunction, accounting for 55% of the UBE3A mutations tested. The second major cause (29%) is a loss of E3-ubiquitin ligase activity, as assessed in an Escherichia coli in vivo ubiquitination assay. Mutations affecting catalytic activity are found not only in the catalytic HECT domain, but also in the N-terminal half of UBE3A, suggesting an important contribution of this N-terminal region to its catalytic potential. Together, our results show that loss of nuclear UBE3A E3 ligase activity is the predominant cause of UBE3A-linked AS. Moreover, our functional analysis screen allows rapid assessment of the pathogenicity of novel UBE3A missense variants which will be of particular importance when treatments for AS become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn N V Bossuyt
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Mattijs Punt
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus MC, 3015, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ilona J de Graaf
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janny van den Burg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark G Williams
- Mater Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, 4101, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Helen Heussler
- Mater Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, 4101, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Child Development Program, Queensland Children's Hospital, 4101, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, 4101, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ype Elgersma
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus MC, 3015, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ben Distel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics and Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus MC, 3015, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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67
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Kang JA, Jeon YJ. How Is the Fidelity of Proteins Ensured in Terms of Both Quality and Quantity at the Endoplasmic Reticulum? Mechanistic Insights into E3 Ubiquitin Ligases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042078. [PMID: 33669844 PMCID: PMC7923238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an interconnected organelle that plays fundamental roles in the biosynthesis, folding, stabilization, maturation, and trafficking of secretory and transmembrane proteins. It is the largest organelle and critically modulates nearly all aspects of life. Therefore, in the endoplasmic reticulum, an enormous investment of resources, including chaperones and protein folding facilitators, is dedicated to adequate protein maturation and delivery to final destinations. Unfortunately, the folding and assembly of proteins can be quite error-prone, which leads to the generation of misfolded proteins. Notably, protein homeostasis, referred to as proteostasis, is constantly exposed to danger by flows of misfolded proteins and subsequent protein aggregates. To maintain proteostasis, the ER triages and eliminates terminally misfolded proteins by delivering substrates to the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) or to the lysosome, which is termed ER-associated degradation (ERAD) or ER-phagy, respectively. ERAD not only eliminates misfolded or unassembled proteins via protein quality control but also fine-tunes correctly folded proteins via protein quantity control. Intriguingly, the diversity and distinctive nature of E3 ubiquitin ligases determine efficiency, complexity, and specificity of ubiquitination during ERAD. ER-phagy utilizes the core autophagy machinery and eliminates ERAD-resistant misfolded proteins. Here, we conceptually outline not only ubiquitination machinery but also catalytic mechanisms of E3 ubiquitin ligases. Further, we discuss the mechanistic insights into E3 ubiquitin ligases involved in the two guardian pathways in the ER, ERAD and ER-phagy. Finally, we provide the molecular mechanisms by which ERAD and ER-phagy conduct not only protein quality control but also protein quantity control to ensure proteostasis and subsequent organismal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji An Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea;
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Young Joo Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea;
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Correspondence:
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68
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Wu Y, Zhang W. The Role of E3s in Regulating Pluripotency of Embryonic Stem Cells and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1168. [PMID: 33503896 PMCID: PMC7865285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are derived from early embryos and can differentiate into any type of cells in living organisms. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) resemble ESCs, both of which serve as excellent sources to study early embryonic development and realize cell replacement therapies for age-related degenerative diseases and other cell dysfunction-related illnesses. To achieve these valuable applications, comprehensively understanding of the mechanisms underlying pluripotency maintenance and acquisition is critical. Ubiquitination modifies proteins with Ubiquitin (Ub) at the post-translational level to monitor protein stability and activity. It is extensively involved in pluripotency-specific regulatory networks in ESCs and iPSCs. Ubiquitination is achieved by sequential actions of the Ub-activating enzyme E1, Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and Ub ligase E3. Compared with E1s and E2s, E3s are most abundant, responsible for substrate selectivity and functional diversity. In this review, we focus on E3 ligases to discuss recent progresses in understanding how they regulate pluripotency and somatic cell reprogramming through ubiquitinating core ESC regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China;
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69
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Adaptors as the regulators of HECT ubiquitin ligases. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:455-472. [PMID: 33402750 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00707-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The HECT (homologous to E6AP C-terminus) ubiquitin ligases (E3s) are a small family of highly conserved enzymes involved in diverse cellular functions and pathological conditions. Characterised by a C-terminal HECT domain that accepts ubiquitin from E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzymes, these E3s regulate key signalling pathways. The activity and functional regulation of HECT E3s are controlled by several factors including post-translational modifications, inter- and intramolecular interactions and binding of co-activators and adaptor proteins. In this review, we focus on the regulation of HECT E3s by accessory proteins or adaptors and discuss various ways by which adaptors mediate their regulatory roles to affect physiological outcomes. We discuss common features that are conserved from yeast to mammals, regardless of the type of E3s as well as shed light on recent discoveries explaining some existing enigmas in the field.
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70
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Sardana R, Emr SD. Membrane Protein Quality Control Mechanisms in the Endo-Lysosome System. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:269-283. [PMID: 33414051 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Protein quality control (PQC) machineries play a critical role in selective identification and removal of mistargeted, misfolded, and aberrant proteins. This task is extremely complicated due to the enormous diversity of the proteome. It also requires nuanced and careful differentiation between 'normal' and 'folding intermediates' from 'abnormal' and 'misfolded' protein states. Multiple genetic and proteomic approaches have started to delineate the molecular underpinnings of how these machineries recognize their target and how their activity is regulated. In this review, we summarize our understanding of the various E3 ubiquitin ligases and associated machinery that mediate PQC in the endo-lysosome system in yeast and humans, how they are regulated, and mechanisms of target selection, with the intent of guiding future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Sardana
- Weill Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Scott D Emr
- Weill Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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71
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Hepatitis B Core Protein Is Post-Translationally Modified through K29-Linked Ubiquitination. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122547. [PMID: 33256078 PMCID: PMC7760836 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) core protein (HBc) plays many roles in the HBV life cycle, such as regulation of transcription, RNA encapsidation, reverse transcription, and viral release. To accomplish these functions, HBc interacts with many host proteins and undergoes different post-translational modifications (PTMs). One of the most common PTMs is ubiquitination, which was shown to change the function, stability, and intracellular localization of different viral proteins, but the role of HBc ubiquitination in the HBV life cycle remains unknown. Here, we found that HBc protein is post-translationally modified through K29-linked ubiquitination. We performed a series of co-immunoprecipitation experiments with wild-type HBc, lysine to arginine HBc mutants and wild-type ubiquitin, single lysine to arginine ubiquitin mutants, or single ubiquitin-accepting lysine constructs. We observed that HBc protein could be modified by ubiquitination in transfected as well as infected hepatoma cells. In addition, ubiquitination predominantly occurred on HBc lysine 7 and the preferred ubiquitin chain linkage was through ubiquitin-K29. Mass spectrometry (MS) analyses detected ubiquitin protein ligase E3 component N-recognin 5 (UBR5) as a potential E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in K29-linked ubiquitination. These findings emphasize that ubiquitination of HBc may play an important role in HBV life cycle.
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72
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RNF11 at the Crossroads of Protein Ubiquitination. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111538. [PMID: 33187263 PMCID: PMC7697665 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
RNF11 (Ring Finger Protein 11) is a 154 amino-acid long protein that contains a RING-H2 domain, whose sequence has remained substantially unchanged throughout vertebrate evolution. RNF11 has drawn attention as a modulator of protein degradation by HECT E3 ligases. Indeed, the large number of substrates that are regulated by HECT ligases, such as ITCH, SMURF1/2, WWP1/2, and NEDD4, and their role in turning off the signaling by ubiquitin-mediated degradation, candidates RNF11 as the master regulator of a plethora of signaling pathways. Starting from the analysis of the primary sequence motifs and from the list of RNF11 protein partners, we summarize the evidence implicating RNF11 as an important player in modulating ubiquitin-regulated processes that are involved in transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) signaling pathways. This connection appears to be particularly significant, since RNF11 is overexpressed in several tumors, even though its role as tumor growth inhibitor or promoter is still controversial. The review highlights the different facets and peculiarities of this unconventional small RING-E3 ligase and its implication in tumorigenesis, invasion, neuroinflammation, and cancer metastasis.
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Burge RJ, Damianou A, Wilkinson AJ, Rodenko B, Mottram JC. Leishmania differentiation requires ubiquitin conjugation mediated by a UBC2-UEV1 E2 complex. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008784. [PMID: 33108402 PMCID: PMC7647121 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications such as ubiquitination are important for orchestrating the cellular transformations that occur as the Leishmania parasite differentiates between its main morphological forms, the promastigote and amastigote. 2 E1 ubiquitin-activating (E1), 13 E2 ubiquitin-conjugating (E2), 79 E3 ubiquitin ligase (E3) and 20 deubiquitinating cysteine peptidase (DUB) genes can be identified in the Leishmania mexicana genome but, currently, little is known about the role of E1, E2 and E3 enzymes in this parasite. Bar-seq analysis of 23 E1, E2 and HECT/RBR E3 null mutants generated in promastigotes using CRISPR-Cas9 revealed numerous loss-of-fitness phenotypes in promastigote to amastigote differentiation and mammalian infection. The E2s UBC1/CDC34, UBC2 and UEV1 and the HECT E3 ligase HECT2 are required for the successful transformation from promastigote to amastigote and UBA1b, UBC9, UBC14, HECT7 and HECT11 are required for normal proliferation during mouse infection. Of all ubiquitination enzyme null mutants examined in the screen, Δubc2 and Δuev1 exhibited the most extreme loss-of-fitness during differentiation. Null mutants could not be generated for the E1 UBA1a or the E2s UBC3, UBC7, UBC12 and UBC13, suggesting these genes are essential in promastigotes. X-ray crystal structure analysis of UBC2 and UEV1, orthologues of human UBE2N and UBE2V1/UBE2V2 respectively, reveal a heterodimer with a highly conserved structure and interface. Furthermore, recombinant L. mexicana UBA1a can load ubiquitin onto UBC2, allowing UBC2-UEV1 to form K63-linked di-ubiquitin chains in vitro. Notably, UBC2 can cooperate in vitro with human E3s RNF8 and BIRC2 to form non-K63-linked polyubiquitin chains, showing that UBC2 can facilitate ubiquitination independent of UEV1, but association of UBC2 with UEV1 inhibits this ability. Our study demonstrates the dual essentiality of UBC2 and UEV1 in the differentiation and intracellular survival of L. mexicana and shows that the interaction between these two proteins is crucial for regulation of their ubiquitination activity and function. The post-translational modification of proteins is key for allowing Leishmania parasites to transition between the different life cycle stages that exist in its insect vector and mammalian host. In particular, components of the ubiquitin system are important for the transformation of Leishmania from its insect (promastigote) to mammalian (amastigote) stage and normal infection in mice. However, little is known about the role of the enzymes that generate ubiquitin modifications in Leishmania. Here we characterise 28 enzymes of the ubiquitination pathway and show that many are required for life cycle progression or mouse infection by this parasite. Two proteins, UBC2 and UEV1, were selected for further study based on their importance in the promastigote to amastigote transition. We demonstrate that UBC2 and UEV1 form a heterodimer capable of carrying out ubiquitination and that the structural basis for this activity is conserved between Leishmania, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and humans. We also show that the interaction of UBC2 with UEV1 alters the nature of the ubiquitination activity performed by UBC2. Overall, we demonstrate the important role that ubiquitination enzymes play in the life cycle and infection process of Leishmania and explore the biochemistry underlying UBC2 and UEV1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J. Burge
- York Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biology, University of York, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Damianou
- York Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biology, University of York, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony J. Wilkinson
- York Biomedical Research Institute and York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, United Kingdom
| | - Boris Rodenko
- UbiQ Bio BV, Amsterdam Science Park, the Netherlands
| | - Jeremy C. Mottram
- York Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biology, University of York, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Cui Y, Song Y, Yan S, Cao M, Huang J, Jia D, Liu Y, Zhang S, Fan W, Cai L, Li C, Xing Y. CUEDC1 inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition via the TβRI/Smad signaling pathway and suppresses tumor progression in non-small cell lung cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:20047-20068. [PMID: 33099540 PMCID: PMC7655170 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the most lethal cancer worldwide because of its high metastasis potential. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is known as the first step of the metastasis cascade, but the potential regulatory mechanisms of EMT have not been clearly established. In this study, we first found that low CUEDC1 expression correlated with lymph node metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients using immunohistochemistry (IHC). CUEDC1 knockdown promoted the metastasis of NSCLC cells and EMT process and activated TβRI/Smad signaling pathway. Overexpression of CUEDC1 decreased the metastatic potential of lung cancer cells and inhibited the EMT process and inactivated TβRI/Smad signaling pathway. Immunoprecipitation (IP) assays showed that Smurf2 is a novel CUEDC1-interacting protein. Furthermore, CUEDC1 could regulate Smurf2 expression through the degradation of Smurf2. Overexpression of Smurf2 abolished CUEDC1 knockdown induced-EMT and the activation of TβRI/Smad signaling pathway, while siRNA Smurf2 reversed CUEDC1 overexpression-mediated regulation of EMT and TβRI/Smad signaling pathway. Additionally, CUEDC1 inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of NSCLC cells. In vivo, CUEDC1-knockdown cells promoted metastasis and tumor growth compared with control cells. In conclusion, our findings indicate that the crucial role of CUEDC1 in NSCLC progression and provide support for its clinical investigation for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Cui
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shi Yan
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Mengru Cao
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Jian Huang
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Dexin Jia
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yuechao Liu
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Weina Fan
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Li Cai
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Chunhong Li
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Xing
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
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75
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Rodríguez-Alonso A, Casas-Pais A, Roca-Lema D, Graña B, Romay G, Figueroa A. Regulation of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Plasticity by the E3 Ubiquitin-Ligases in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113093. [PMID: 33114139 PMCID: PMC7690828 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) is a process by which epithelial cells acquire the ability to dynamically switch between epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypic cellular states. Epithelial cell plasticity in the context of an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) confers increased cell motility, invasiveness and the ability to disseminate to distant sites and form metastasis. The modulation of molecularly defined targets involved in this process has become an attractive therapeutic strategy against cancer. Protein degradation carried out by ubiquitination has gained attention as it can selectively degrade proteins of interest. In the ubiquitination reaction, the E3 ubiquitin-ligases are responsible for the specific binding of ubiquitin to a small subset of target proteins, and are considered promising anticancer drug targets. In this review, we summarize the role of the E3 ubiquitin-ligases that control targeted protein degradation in cancer-EMT, and we highlight the potential use of the E3 ubiquitin-ligases as drug targets for the development of small-molecule drugs against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rodríguez-Alonso
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (A.R.-A.); (A.C.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (G.R.)
| | - Alba Casas-Pais
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (A.R.-A.); (A.C.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (G.R.)
| | - Daniel Roca-Lema
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (A.R.-A.); (A.C.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (G.R.)
| | - Begoña Graña
- Clinical Oncology Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain;
| | - Gabriela Romay
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (A.R.-A.); (A.C.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (G.R.)
| | - Angélica Figueroa
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (A.R.-A.); (A.C.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (G.R.)
- Correspondence:
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76
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Identification of Small-Molecule Activators of the Ubiquitin Ligase E6AP/UBE3A and Angelman Syndrome-Derived E6AP/UBE3A Variants. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:1510-1520.e6. [PMID: 32966807 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Genetic aberrations of the UBE3A gene encoding the E3 ubiquitin ligase E6AP underlie the development of Angelman syndrome (AS). Approximately 10% of AS individuals harbor UBE3A genes with point mutations, frequently resulting in the expression of full-length E6AP variants with defective E3 activity. Since E6AP exists in two states, an inactive and an active one, we hypothesized that distinct small molecules can stabilize the active state and that such molecules may rescue the E3 activity of AS-derived E6AP variants. Therefore, we established an assay that allows identifying modulators of E6AP in a high-throughput format. We identified several compounds that not only stimulate wild-type E6AP but also rescue the E3 activity of certain E6AP variants. Moreover, by chemical cross-linking coupled to mass spectrometry we provide evidence that the compounds stabilize an active conformation of E6AP. Thus, these compounds represent potential lead structures for the design of drugs for AS treatment.
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77
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LeBlanc N, Mallette E, Zhang W. Targeted modulation of E3 ligases using engineered ubiquitin variants. FEBS J 2020; 288:2143-2165. [PMID: 32867007 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination plays an essential role in signal transduction to regulate most if not all cellular processes. Among the enzymes that are involved in the ubiquitin (Ub) signaling cascade, tremendous efforts have been focused on elucidating the roles of E3 Ub ligases as they determine the complexity and specificity of ubiquitination. Not surprisingly, the malfunction of E3 ligases is directly implicated in many human diseases, including cancer. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop potent and specific molecules to modulate E3 ligase activity as intracellular probes for target validation and as pharmacological agents in preclinical research. Unfortunately, the progress has been hampered by the dynamic regulation mechanisms for different types of E3 ligases. Here, we summarize the progress of using protein engineering to develop Ub variant (UbV) inhibitors for all major families of E3 ligases and UbV activators for homologous with E6-associated protein C terminus E3s and homodimeric RING E3s. We believe that this provides a general strategy and a valuable toolkit for the research community to inhibit or activate E3 ligases and these synthetic molecules have important implications in exploring protein degradation for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole LeBlanc
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Evan Mallette
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.,CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Du C, Hansen LJ, Singh SX, Wang F, Sun R, Moure CJ, Roso K, Greer PK, Yan H, He Y. A PRMT5-RNF168-SMURF2 Axis Controls H2AX Proteostasis. Cell Rep 2020; 28:3199-3211.e5. [PMID: 31533041 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
H2AX safeguards genomic stability in a dose-dependent manner; however, mechanisms governing its proteostasis are poorly understood. Here, we identify a PRMT5-RNF168-SMURF2 cascade that regulates H2AX proteostasis. We show that PRMT5 sustains the expression of RNF168, an E3 ubiquitin ligase essential for DNA damage response (DDR). Suppression of PRMT5 occurs in methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP)-deficient glioblastoma cells and attenuates the expression of RNF168, leading to destabilization of H2AX by E3 ubiquitin ligase SMURF2. RNF168 and SMURF2 serve as a stabilizer and destabilizer of H2AX, respectively, via their dynamic interactions with H2AX. In supporting an important role of this signaling cascade in regulating H2AX, MTAP-deficient glioblastoma cells display higher levels of DNA damage spontaneously or in response to genotoxic agents. These findings reveal a regulatory mechanism of H2AX proteostasis and define a signaling cascade that is essential to DDR and that is disrupted by the loss of a metabolic enzyme in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changzheng Du
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Landon J Hansen
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Simranjit X Singh
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Pathology Graduate Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Feiyifan Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ran Sun
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Casey J Moure
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kristen Roso
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Paula K Greer
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Hai Yan
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yiping He
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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79
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Zhang Y, Qian H, Wu B, You S, Wu S, Lu S, Wang P, Cao L, Zhang N, Sun Y. E3 Ubiquitin ligase NEDD4 family‑regulatory network in cardiovascular disease. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:2727-2740. [PMID: 33110392 PMCID: PMC7586430 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.48437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein ubiquitination represents a critical modification occurring after translation. E3 ligase catalyzes the covalent binding of ubiquitin to the protein substrate, which could be degraded. Ubiquitination as an important protein post-translational modification is closely related to cardiovascular disease. The NEDD4 family, belonging to HECT class of E3 ubiquitin ligases can recognize different substrate proteins, including PTEN, ENaC, Nav1.5, SMAD2, PARP1, Septin4, ALK1, SERCA2a, TGFβR3 and so on, via the WW domain to catalyze ubiquitination, thus participating in multiple cardiovascular-related disease such as hypertension, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, heart failure, cardiotoxicity, cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, cardiac remodeling, atherosclerosis, pulmonary hypertension and heart valve disease. However, there is currently no review comprehensively clarifying the important role of NEDD4 family proteins in the cardiovascular system. Therefore, the present review summarized recent studies about NEDD4 family members in cardiovascular disease, providing novel insights into the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. In addition, assessing transgenic animals and performing gene silencing would further identify the ubiquitination targets of NEDD4. NEDD4 quantification in clinical samples would also constitute an important method for determining NEDD4 significance in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Hao Qian
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Boquan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Shilong You
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Shaojun Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Saien Lu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Pingyuan Wang
- Staff scientist, Center for Molecular Medicine National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, the United States
| | - Liu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Naijin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
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80
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Tiwari S, Singh S. Reciprocal Upshot of Nitric Oxide, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, and Ubiquitin Proteasome System in Parkinson's Disease Pathology. Neuroscientist 2020; 27:340-354. [PMID: 32713286 DOI: 10.1177/1073858420942211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) pathology involves degeneration of nigrostriatal pathway, postulating symptoms associated with age, environment, and genetic anomalies, including nonlinear disease progression. Hallmark characteristics of PD include dopaminergic neuronal degeneration and death, which may also be exhibited by other neurological diseases, making the diagnosis of the disease intricate at early stage. Such obscure diagnosis of the disease, limited symptomatic improvements with available therapeutics, and their inability to modify the disease status instigate us to appraise the past research and formulate the colligating comprehensive insights. This review is accentuating on the role of nitric oxide, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and their association with the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) during PD pathology involving focus on ubiquitin ligases due to their regulatory functions. Meticulous understanding of these major disease-related pathological events and their functional alliance may render novel dimensions for better understanding of disease etiology, related mechanisms, as well as direction toward witnessing of new therapeutic targets for the management of Parkinson's patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhangini Tiwari
- Department of Neurosciences and Ageing Biology and Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sarika Singh
- Department of Neurosciences and Ageing Biology and Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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81
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Alix E, Godlee C, Cerny O, Blundell S, Tocci R, Matthews S, Liu M, Pruneda JN, Swatek KN, Komander D, Sleap T, Holden DW. The Tumour Suppressor TMEM127 Is a Nedd4-Family E3 Ligase Adaptor Required by Salmonella SteD to Ubiquitinate and Degrade MHC Class II Molecules. Cell Host Microbe 2020; 28:54-68.e7. [PMID: 32526160 PMCID: PMC7342019 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Salmonella enterica effector SteD depletes mature MHC class II (mMHCII) molecules from the surface of infected antigen-presenting cells through ubiquitination of the cytoplasmic tail of the mMHCII β chain. Here, through a genome-wide mutant screen of human antigen-presenting cells, we show that the NEDD4 family HECT E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP2 and a tumor-suppressing transmembrane protein of unknown biochemical function, TMEM127, are required for SteD-dependent ubiquitination of mMHCII. Although evidently not involved in normal regulation of mMHCII, TMEM127 was essential for SteD to suppress both mMHCII antigen presentation in mouse dendritic cells and MHCII-dependent CD4+ T cell activation. We found that TMEM127 contains a canonical PPxY motif, which was required for binding to WWP2. SteD bound to TMEM127 and enabled TMEM127 to interact with and induce ubiquitination of mature MHCII. Furthermore, SteD also underwent TMEM127- and WWP2-dependent ubiquitination, which both contributed to its degradation and augmented its activity on mMHCII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Alix
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, Armstrong Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Camilla Godlee
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, Armstrong Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ondrej Cerny
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, Armstrong Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Samkeliso Blundell
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, Armstrong Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Romina Tocci
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, Armstrong Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sophie Matthews
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, Armstrong Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Mei Liu
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, Armstrong Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jonathan N Pruneda
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Kirby N Swatek
- Ubiquitin Signalling Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royale Parade, 3052 Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Komander
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Tabitha Sleap
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, Armstrong Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - David W Holden
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, Armstrong Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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82
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Abstract
Ubiquitination is a modification after protein transcription that plays a vital role in maintaining the homeostasis of the cellular environment. The Homologous to E6AP C-terminus (HECT) family E3 ubiquitin ligases are a kind of E3 ubiquitin ligases with a C-terminal HECT domain that mediates the binding of ubiquitin to substrate proteins and a variable-length N-terminal extension. HECT-ubiquitinated ligases can be divided into three categories: NEDD4 superfamily, HERC superfamily, and other HECT superfamilies. HECT ubiquitin ligase plays an essential role in the development of many human diseases. In this review, we focus on the physiological and pathological processes involved in oxidative stress and the role of E3 ubiquitin ligase of the HECT family.
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83
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Cammarata-Mouchtouris A, Nguyen XH, Acker A, Bonnay F, Goto A, Orian A, Fauvarque MO, Boutros M, Reichhart JM, Matt N. Hyd ubiquitinates the NF-κB co-factor Akirin to operate an effective immune response in Drosophila. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008458. [PMID: 32339205 PMCID: PMC7205318 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Immune Deficiency (IMD) pathway in Drosophila melanogaster is activated upon microbial challenge with Gram-negative bacteria to trigger the innate immune response. In order to decipher this nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, we undertook an in vitro RNAi screen targeting E3 ubiquitin ligases specifically and identified the HECT-type E3 ubiquitin ligase Hyperplastic discs (Hyd) as a new actor in the IMD pathway. Hyd mediated Lys63 (K63)-linked polyubiquitination of the NF-κB cofactor Akirin was required for efficient binding of Akirin to the NF-κB transcription factor Relish. We showed that this Hyd-dependent interaction was required for the transcription of immunity-related genes that are activated by both Relish and Akirin but was dispensable for the transcription of genes that depend solely on Relish. Therefore Hyd is key in NF-κB transcriptional selectivity downstream of the IMD pathway. Drosophila depleted of Akirin or Hyd failed to express the full set of genes encoding immune-induced anti-microbial peptides and succumbed to immune challenges. We showed further that UBR5, the mammalian homolog of Hyd, was also required downstream of the NF-κB pathway for the activation of Interleukin 6 (IL6) transcription by LPS or IL-1β in cultured human cells. Our findings link the action of an E3 ubiquitin ligase to the activation of immune effector genes, deepening our understanding of the involvement of ubiquitination in inflammation and identifying a potential target for the control of inflammatory diseases. Ubiquitination has been recently identified in pathogenesis and progression of various diseases where inflammation is critical. NF-κB transcription factors are key actors in the transcriptional cascade leading to inflammation as they activate genes with pro- or anti-inflammatory activities. The similarity between the immune pathways in flies and mammals makes Drosophila melanogaster an excellent model to study the innate response. Accordingly, we decided to identify E3 ubiquitin-ligases involved in the regulation of NF-κB pathway, using Drosophila as a model system. A RNAi based screen in immortalized embryonic macrophage-like Drosophila cells points to the HECT-E3 ubiquitin ligase Hyd as a new regulator of the Immune-deficiency (IMD) NF-κB pathway, activated after Gram-negative immune challenge. More precisely, we showed that Hyd acts at the level of Akirin, an evolutionarily conserved player in the NF-κB pathway, required for the transcription of pro-inflammatory genes, but not for the NF-κB-dependent genes contributing to the down-regulation of inflammation. In addition, we could show that the human homologue of Hyd (UBR5) acts genetically at the level of human AKIRIN2, pointing to a unique dichotomy between Hyd/Akirin-dependent and -independent gene activation, allowing for the decoupling activation and resolution of inflammation. These results identified UBR5 as a putative target for anti-inflammatory compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xuan-Hung Nguyen
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology (VRISG) and College of Health Sciences, VinUniversity Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Adrian Acker
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, M3I UPR 9022, Strasbourg, France
| | - François Bonnay
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Akira Goto
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, M3I UPR 9022, Strasbourg, France
| | - Amir Orian
- Rappaport Research Institute and Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Michael Boutros
- Division of Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), and Department for Cell and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Nicolas Matt
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, M3I UPR 9022, Strasbourg, France
- * E-mail:
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84
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Hatstat AK, McCafferty DG. Robust and facile purification of full-length, untagged human Nedd4 as a recombinant protein from Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 2020; 173:105649. [PMID: 32334140 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2020.105649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nedd4 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that has received increased attention due to its role in the maintenance of proteostasis and in cellular stress responses. Investigation of Nedd4 enzymology has revealed a complex enzymatic mechanism that involves intermolecular interactions with upstream E2 conjugating enzymes and with substrates and intramolecular interactions that serve to regulate Nedd4 function. Thus, it is imperative that investigations of Nedd4 enzymology that employ recombinant enzyme be conducted with Nedd4 in its native, untagged form. We report herein an optimized, facile method for purification of recombinant human Nedd4 in its full-length form as a stable and active recombinant enzyme. Specifically, Nedd4 can be purified through a two-step purification which employs glutathione-S-transferase and hexahistidine sequences as orthogonal affinity tags. Proteolytic cleavage of Nedd4 was optimized to enable removal of the affinity tags with TEV protease, providing access to the untagged enzyme in yields of 2-3 mg/L. Additionally, investigation of Nedd4 storage conditions reveal that the enzyme is not stable through freeze-thaw cycles, and storage conditions should be carefully considered for preservation of enzyme stability. Finally, Nedd4 activity was validated through three activity assays which measure ubiquitin chain formation, Nedd4 autoubiquitination, and monoubiquitin consumption, respectively. Comparison of the method described herein with previously reported purification methods reveal that our optimized purification strategy enables access to Nedd4 in fewer chromatographic steps and eliminates reagents and materials that are potentially cost-prohibitive. This method, therefore, is more efficient and provides a more accessible route for purifying recombinant full-length Nedd4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dewey G McCafferty
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States; Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States.
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85
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Wang ZW, Hu X, Ye M, Lin M, Chu M, Shen X. NEDD4 E3 ligase: Functions and mechanism in human cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 67:92-101. [PMID: 32171886 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A growing amount of evidence indicates that the neuronally expressed developmentally downregulated 4 (NEDD4, also known as NEDD4-1) E3 ligase plays a critical role in a variety of cellular processes via the ubiquitination-mediated degradation of multiple substrates. The abnormal regulation of NEDD4 protein has been implicated in cancer development and progression. In this review article, we briefly delineate the downstream substrates and upstream regulators of NEDD4, which are involved in carcinogenesis. Moreover, we succinctly elucidate the functions of NEDD4 protein in tumorigenesis and progression, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, migration, invasion, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer stem cells, and drug resistance. The findings regarding NEDD4 functions are further supported by knockout mouse models and human tumor tissue studies. This review could provide a promising and optimum anticancer therapeutic strategy via targeting the NEDD4 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wei Wang
- Center of Scientific Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Miaomiao Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Min Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Man Chu
- Center of Scientific Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Xian Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
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86
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Wang Y, Argiles-Castillo D, Kane EI, Zhou A, Spratt DE. HECT E3 ubiquitin ligases - emerging insights into their biological roles and disease relevance. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/7/jcs228072. [PMID: 32265230 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.228072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Homologous to E6AP C-terminus (HECT) E3 ubiquitin ligases play a critical role in various cellular pathways, including but not limited to protein trafficking, subcellular localization, innate immune response, viral infections, DNA damage responses and apoptosis. To date, 28 HECT E3 ubiquitin ligases have been identified in humans, and recent studies have begun to reveal how these enzymes control various cellular pathways by catalyzing the post-translational attachment of ubiquitin to their respective substrates. New studies have identified substrates and/or interactors with different members of the HECT E3 ubiquitin ligase family, particularly for E6AP and members of the neuronal precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated 4 (NEDD4) family. However, there still remains many unanswered questions about the specific roles that each of the HECT E3 ubiquitin ligases have in maintaining cellular homeostasis. The present Review discusses our current understanding on the biological roles of the HECT E3 ubiquitin ligases in the cell and how they contribute to disease development. Expanded investigations on the molecular basis for how and why the HECT E3 ubiquitin ligases recognize and regulate their intracellular substrates will help to clarify the biochemical mechanisms employed by these important enzymes in ubiquitin biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaya Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shanxi, China 710054.,Gustaf H. Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, 950 Main St., Worcester, MA 01610, USA
| | - Diana Argiles-Castillo
- Gustaf H. Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, 950 Main St., Worcester, MA 01610, USA
| | - Emma I Kane
- Gustaf H. Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, 950 Main St., Worcester, MA 01610, USA
| | - Anning Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shanxi, China 710054
| | - Donald E Spratt
- Gustaf H. Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, 950 Main St., Worcester, MA 01610, USA
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87
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Ugarteburu O, Sánchez-Vilés M, Ramos J, Barcos-Rodríguez T, Garrabou G, García-Villoria J, Ribes A, Tort F. Physiopathological Bases of the Disease Caused by HACE1 Mutations: Alterations in Autophagy, Mitophagy and Oxidative Stress Response. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9040913. [PMID: 32225089 PMCID: PMC7231286 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9040913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Recessive HACE1 mutations are associated with a severe neurodevelopmental disorder (OMIM: 616756). However, the physiopathologycal bases of the disease are yet to be completely clarified. Whole-exome sequencing identified homozygous HACE1 mutations (c.240C>A, p.Cys80Ter) in a patient with brain atrophy, psychomotor retardation and 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, a biomarker of mitochondrial dysfunction. To elucidate the pathomechanisms underlying HACE1 deficiency, a comprehensive molecular analysis was performed in patient fibroblasts. Western Blot demonstrated the deleterious effect of the mutation, as the complete absence of HACE1 protein was observed. Immunofluorescence studies showed an increased number of LC3 puncta together with the normal initiation of the autophagic cascade, indicating a reduction in the autophagic flux. Oxidative stress response was also impaired in HACE1 fibroblasts, as shown by the reduced NQO1 and Hmox1 mRNA levels observed in H2O2-treated cells. High levels of lipid peroxidation, consistent with accumulated oxidative damage, were also detected. Although the patient phenotype could resemble a mitochondrial defect, the analysis of the mitochondrial function showed no major abnormalities. However, an important increase in mitochondrial oxidative stress markers and a strong reduction in the mitophagic flux were observed, suggesting that the recycling of damaged mitochondria might be targeted in HACE1 cells. In summary, we demonstrate for the first time that the impairment of autophagy, mitophagy and oxidative damage response might be involved in the pathogenesis of HACE1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olatz Ugarteburu
- Section of Inborn Errors of Metabolism-IBC, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERER, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Sánchez-Vilés
- Section of Inborn Errors of Metabolism-IBC, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERER, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julio Ramos
- Hospital of Torrecardenas, 04009 Almeria, Spain
| | - Tamara Barcos-Rodríguez
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science-University of Barcelona, Internal Medicine Service-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, CIBERER, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gloria Garrabou
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science-University of Barcelona, Internal Medicine Service-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, CIBERER, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judit García-Villoria
- Section of Inborn Errors of Metabolism-IBC, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERER, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonia Ribes
- Section of Inborn Errors of Metabolism-IBC, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERER, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (F.T.)
| | - Frederic Tort
- Section of Inborn Errors of Metabolism-IBC, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERER, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (F.T.)
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88
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Yin Q, Wyatt CJ, Han T, Smalley KSM, Wan L. ITCH as a potential therapeutic target in human cancers. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 67:117-130. [PMID: 32165318 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ITCH/AIP4 ubiquitin E3 ligase was discovered independently by two groups searching for atrophin-1 interacting proteins and studying the genetics of mouse coat color alteration, respectively. ITCH is classified as a NEDD4 family E3 ligase featured with the C-terminal HECT domain for E3 ligase function and WW domains for substrate recruiting. ITCH deficiency in the mouse causes severe multi-organ autoimmune disease. Its roles in maintaining a balanced immune response have been extensively characterized over the past two and a half decades. A wealth of reports demonstrate a multifaceted role of ITCH in human cancers. Given the versatility of ITCH in catalyzing both proteolytic and non-proteolytic ubiquitination of its over fifty substrates, ITCH's role in malignancies is believed to be context-dependent. In this review, we summarize the downstream substrates of ITCH, the functions of ITCH in both tumor cells and the immune system, as well as the implications of such functions in human cancers. Moreover, we describe the upstream regulatory mechanisms of ITCH and the efforts have been made to target ITCH using small molecule inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Clayton J Wyatt
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Tao Han
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Keiran S M Smalley
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Lixin Wan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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89
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Buel GR, Chen X, Chari R, O'Neill MJ, Ebelle DL, Jenkins C, Sridharan V, Tarasov SG, Tarasova NI, Andresson T, Walters KJ. Structure of E3 ligase E6AP with a proteasome-binding site provided by substrate receptor hRpn10. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1291. [PMID: 32157086 PMCID: PMC7064531 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated proteolysis by proteasomes involves ~800 enzymes for substrate modification with ubiquitin, including ~600 E3 ligases. We report here that E6AP/UBE3A is distinguished from other E3 ligases by having a 12 nM binding site at the proteasome contributed by substrate receptor hRpn10/PSMD4/S5a. Intrinsically disordered by itself, and previously uncharacterized, the E6AP-binding domain in hRpn10 locks into a well-defined helical structure to form an intermolecular 4-helix bundle with the E6AP AZUL, which is unique to this E3. We thus name the hRpn10 AZUL-binding domain RAZUL. We further find in human cells that loss of RAZUL by CRISPR-based gene editing leads to loss of E6AP at proteasomes. Moreover, proteasome-associated ubiquitin is reduced following E6AP knockdown or displacement from proteasomes, suggesting that E6AP ubiquitinates substrates at or for the proteasome. Altogether, our findings indicate E6AP to be a privileged E3 for the proteasome, with a dedicated, high affinity binding site contributed by hRpn10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwen R Buel
- Protein Processing Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Xiang Chen
- Protein Processing Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Raj Chari
- Genome Modification Core, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Maura J O'Neill
- Protein Characterization Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Danielle L Ebelle
- Protein Processing Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Conor Jenkins
- Protein Characterization Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Vinidhra Sridharan
- Protein Processing Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Sergey G Tarasov
- Biophysics Resource, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Nadya I Tarasova
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Thorkell Andresson
- Protein Characterization Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Kylie J Walters
- Protein Processing Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
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90
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Wang X, De Geyter C, Jia Z, Peng Y, Zhang H. HECTD1 regulates the expression of SNAIL: Implications for epithelial‑mesenchymal transition. Int J Oncol 2020; 56:1186-1198. [PMID: 32319576 PMCID: PMC7115742 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
As a transcription factor, SNAIL plays a crucial role in embryonic development and cancer progression by mediating epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT); however, post‑translational modifications, such as ubiquitination, which control the degradation of SNAIL have been observed to affect its functional role in EMT. In a previous study by the authors, it was demonstrated that the HECT domain E3 ubiquitin ligase 1 (HECTD1) regulated the dynamic nature of adhesive structures. In the present study, HECTD1 was observed to interact with SNAIL and regulate its stability through ubiquitination, and the knockdown of HECTD1 increased the expression levels of SNAIL. HECTD1 was discovered to contain putative nuclear localization and export signals that facilitated its translocation between the cytoplasm and nucleus, a process regulated by epidermal growth factor (EGF). Treatment with leptomycin B resulted in the nuclear retention of HECTD1, which was associated with the loss of SNAIL expression. The knockdown of HECTD1 in HeLa cells increased cell migration and induced a mesenchymal phenotype, in addition to demonstrating sustained EGF signaling, which was observed through increased phosphorylated ERK expression levels. Under hypoxic conditions, HECTD1 expression levels were decreased by microRNA (miRNA or miR)‑210. Upon the observation of genetic abnormalities in the HECTD1 gene in cervical cancer specimens, it was observed that the decreased expression levels of HECTD1 were significantly associated with a poor patient survival. Thus, it was hypothesized that HECTD1 may regulate EMT through the hypoxia/hypoxia inducible factor 1α/miR‑210/HECTD1/SNAIL signaling pathway and the EGF/EGF receptor/HECTD1/ERK/SNAIL signaling pathway in cervical cancer. On the whole, the data of the present study indicated that HECTD1 serves as an E3 ubiquitin ligase to mediate the stability of SNAIL proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinggang Wang
- Department of Biomedicine (DBM), University Hospital, University of Basel, CH‑4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian De Geyter
- Department of Biomedicine (DBM), University Hospital, University of Basel, CH‑4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zanhui Jia
- Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Ya Peng
- Department of Biomedicine (DBM), University Hospital, University of Basel, CH‑4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Biomedicine (DBM), University Hospital, University of Basel, CH‑4031 Basel, Switzerland
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91
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Ries LK, Liess AKL, Feiler CG, Spratt DE, Lowe ED, Lorenz S. Crystal structure of the catalytic C-lobe of the HECT-type ubiquitin ligase E6AP. Protein Sci 2020; 29:1550-1554. [PMID: 31994269 PMCID: PMC7255509 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The HECT‐type ubiquitin ligase E6AP (UBE3A) is critically involved in several neurodevelopmental disorders and human papilloma virus‐induced cervical tumorigenesis; the structural mechanisms underlying the activity of this crucial ligase, however, are incompletely understood. Here, we report a crystal structure of the C‐terminal lobe (“C‐lobe”) of the catalytic domain of E6AP that reveals two molecules in a domain‐swapped, dimeric arrangement. Interestingly, the molecular hinge that enables this structural reorganization with respect to the monomeric fold coincides with the active‐site region. While such dimerization is unlikely to occur in the context of full‐length E6AP, we noticed a similar domain swap in a crystal structure of the isolated C‐lobe of another HECT‐type ubiquitin ligase, HERC6. This may point to conformational strain in the active‐site region of HECT‐type ligases with possible implications for catalysis. Significance Statement The HECT‐type ubiquitin ligase E6AP has key roles in human papilloma virus‐induced cervical tumorigenesis and certain neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we present a crystal structure of the C‐terminal, catalytic lobe of E6AP, providing basic insight into the conformational properties of this functionally critical region of HECT‐type ligases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena K Ries
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna K L Liess
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian G Feiler
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Donald E Spratt
- Gustaf H. Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Edward D Lowe
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Sonja Lorenz
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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92
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Garcia-Barcena C, Osinalde N, Ramirez J, Mayor U. How to Inactivate Human Ubiquitin E3 Ligases by Mutation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:39. [PMID: 32117970 PMCID: PMC7010608 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
E3 ubiquitin ligases are the ultimate enzymes involved in the transfer of ubiquitin to substrate proteins, a process that determines the fate of the modified protein. Numerous diseases are caused by defects in the ubiquitin-proteasome machinery, including when the activity of a given E3 ligase is hampered. Thus, inactivation of E3 ligases and the resulting effects at molecular or cellular level have been the focus of many studies during the last few years. For this purpose, site-specific mutation of key residues involved in either protein interaction, substrate recognition or ubiquitin transfer have been reported to successfully inactivate E3 ligases. Nevertheless, it is not always trivial to predict which mutation(s) will block the catalytic activity of a ligase. Here we review over 250 site-specific inactivating mutations that have been carried out in 120 human E3 ubiquitin ligases. We foresee that the information gathered here will be helpful for the design of future experimental strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Garcia-Barcena
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Nerea Osinalde
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Juanma Ramirez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Ugo Mayor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,Ikerbasque - Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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93
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Cai Z, Moten A, Peng D, Hsu CC, Pan BS, Manne R, Li HY, Lin HK. The Skp2 Pathway: A Critical Target for Cancer Therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 67:16-33. [PMID: 32014608 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Strictly regulated protein degradation by ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is essential for various cellular processes whose dysregulation is linked to serious diseases including cancer. Skp2, a well characterized component of Skp2-SCF E3 ligase complex, is able to conjugate both K48-linked ubiquitin chains and K63-linked ubiquitin chains on its diverse substrates, inducing proteasome mediated proteolysis or modulating the function of tagged substrates respectively. Overexpression of Skp2 is observed in various human cancers associated with poor survival and adverse therapeutic outcomes, which in turn suggests that Skp2 engages in tumorigenic activity. To that end, the oncogenic properties of Skp2 are demonstrated by various genetic mouse models, highlighting the potential of Skp2 as a target for tackling cancer. In this article, we will describe the downstream substrates of Skp2 as well as upstream regulators for Skp2-SCF complex activity. We will further summarize the comprehensive oncogenic functions of Skp2 while describing diverse strategies and therapeutic platforms currently available for developing Skp2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cai
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, 27101, USA.
| | - Asad Moten
- National Capital Consortium, Department of Defense, Washington DC, 20307, USA; Institute for Complex Systems, HealthNovations International, Houston, TX, 77089, USA; Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA; Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations, and Health Disparities, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Danni Peng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Che-Chia Hsu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Bo-Syong Pan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Rajeshkumar Manne
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Hong-Yu Li
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Science, 200 South Cedar, Little Rock AR 72202, USA
| | - Hui-Kuan Lin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, 27101, USA; Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
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94
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Zhang N, Zhang Y, Wu B, You S, Sun Y. Role of WW domain E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 in modulating ubiquitination and Degradation of Septin4 in oxidative stress endothelial injury. Redox Biol 2020; 30:101419. [PMID: 31924572 PMCID: PMC6951091 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress-associated endothelial injury is the initial event and major cause of multiple cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and hypertensive angiopathy. A protein homeostasis imbalance is a critical cause of endothelial injury, and homologous to E6AP C-terminus (HECT)-type E3 ubiquitin ligases are the core factors controlling protein homeostasis. Although HECT-type E3 ubiquitin ligases are involved in the regulation of cardiac development and diseases, their roles in endothelial injury remain largely unknown. This study aimed to identify which HECT-type E3 ubiquitin ligase is involved in endothelial injury and clarify the mechanisms at molecular, cellular, and organism levels. We revealed a novel role of the HECT-type E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP2 in regulating endothelial injury and vascular remodeling after endothelial injury. Endothelial/myeloid-specific WWP2 knockout in mice significantly aggravated angiotensin II/oxidative stress-induced endothelial injury and vascular remodeling after endothelial injury. The same results were obtained from in vitro experiments. Mechanistically, the endothelial injury factor Septin4 was identified as a novel physiological substrate of WWP2. In addition, WWP2 interacted with the GTPase domain of Septin4, ubiquitinating Septin4-K174 to degrade Septin4 through the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which inhibited the Septin4-PARP1 endothelial damage complex. These results identified the first endothelial injury-associated physiological pathway regulated by HECT-type E3 ubiquitin ligases in vivo as well as a unique proteolytic mechanism through which WWP2 controls endothelial injury and vascular remodeling after endothelial injury. These findings might provide a novel treatment strategy for oxidative stress-associated atherosclerosis and hypertensive vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naijin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Boquan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Shilong You
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
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95
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Fu L, Cui CP, Zhang X, Zhang L. The functions and regulation of Smurfs in cancers. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 67:102-116. [PMID: 31899247 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Smad ubiquitination regulatory factor 1 (Smurf1) and Smurf2 are HECT-type E3 ubiquitin ligases, and both Smurfs were initially identified to regulate Smad protein stability in the TGF-β/BMP signaling pathway. In recent years, Smurfs have exhibited E3 ligase-dependent and -independent activities in various kinds of cells. Smurfs act as either potent tumor promoters or tumor suppressors in different tumors by regulating biological processes, including metastasis, apoptosis, cell cycle, senescence and genomic stability. The regulation of Smurfs activity and expression has therefore emerged as a hot spot in tumor biology research. Further, the Smurf1- or Smurf2-deficient mice provide more in vivo clues for the functional study of Smurfs in tumorigenesis and development. In this review, we summarize these milestone findings and, in turn, reveal new avenues for the prevention and treatment of cancer by regulating Smurfs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Fu
- Institute of Chronic Disease, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Chun-Ping Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xueli Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Fengxian Central Hospital Graduate Training Base, Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lingqiang Zhang
- Institute of Chronic Disease, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China; State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 100850, China; Peixian People's Hospital, Jiangsu Province 221600, China.
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96
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Hippocampal HECT E3 ligase inhibition facilitates consolidation, retrieval, and reconsolidation, and inhibits extinction of contextual fear memory. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 167:107135. [PMID: 31821882 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2019.107135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is involved in synaptic plasticity and memory, but the involvement of HECT E3 ligases in these processes has not yet been established. Here, we bilaterally infused heclin, a specific inhibitor of some of these ligases, into the dorsal hippocampus of male Wistar rats that were trained in a contextual fear conditioning. Heclin improved short-term memory, consolidation, retrieval, and reconsolidation when administered immediately post training, prior to testing, or after memory reactivation, respectively. In addition, it impaired memory extinction when administered prior to a long reactivation session. Heclin infusion was also tested for locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior in a circular arena, but no effect was seen. Taken together, these results indicate that HECT E3 ligases are involved in the modulation of fear memory.
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97
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A Tyrosine Switch on NEDD4-2 E3 Ligase Transmits GPCR Inflammatory Signaling. Cell Rep 2019; 24:3312-3323.e5. [PMID: 30232011 PMCID: PMC6226018 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is essential for protein degradation and signaling and pivotal to many physiological processes. Ubiquitination of a subset of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) by the E3 ligase NEDD4–2 is required for p38 activation, but how GPCRs activate NEDD4–2 to promote ubiquitinmediated signaling is not known. Here, we report that the GPCR protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1) stimulates c-Src-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of NEDD4–2 to promote p38 signaling and endothelial barrier disruption. Using mass spectrometry, we identified a unique phosphorylated tyrosine (Y)-485 within the 2,3-linker peptide between WW domain 2 and 3 of NEDD4–2 in agonist-stimulated cells. Mutation of NEDD4–2 Y485 impaired E3 ligase activity and failed to rescue PAR1-stimulated p38 activation and endothelial barrier permeability. The purinergic P2Y1 receptor also required c-Src and NEDD4–2 tyrosine phosphorylation for p38 activation. These studies reveal a novel role for c-Src in GPCR-induced NEDD4–2 activation, which is critical for driving ubiquitin-mediated p38 inflammatory signaling. Grimsey et al. report that GPCRs stimulate activation of NEDD4–2 E3 ubiquitin ligase via c-Src to induce endothelial p38 inflammatory signaling. c-Src phosphorylates NEDD4–2 at tyrosine-485, releasing the autoinhibitory linker peptide that is critical for enhancing E3 ligase activity, and provides mechanistic insight of how GPCRs activate E3 ubiquitin ligases.
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98
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The many substrates and functions of NEDD4-1. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:904. [PMID: 31787758 PMCID: PMC6885513 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2142-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumorigenesis, tumor growth, and prognosis are highly related to gene alterations and post-translational modifications (PTMs). Ubiquitination is a critical PTM that governs practically all aspects of cellular function. An increasing number of studies show that E3 ubiquitin ligases (E3s) are important enzymes in the process of ubiquitination that primarily determine substrate specificity and thus need to be tightly controlled. Among E3s, neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated 4-1 (NEDD4-1) has been shown to play a critical role in modulating the proliferation, migration, and invasion of cancer cells and the sensitivity of cancer cells to anticancer therapies via regulating multiple substrates. This review discusses some significant discoveries on NEDD4-1 substrates and the signaling pathways in which NEDD4-1 participates. In addition, we introduce the latest potential therapeutic strategies that inhibit or activate NEDD4-1 activity using small molecules. NEDD4-1 likely acts as a novel drug target or diagnostic marker in the battle against cancer.
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99
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New Aspects of HECT-E3 Ligases in Cell Senescence and Cell Death of Plants. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8110483. [PMID: 31717304 PMCID: PMC6918304 DOI: 10.3390/plants8110483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells undergo massive orderly changes in structure, biochemistry, and gene expression during cell senescence. These changes cannot be distinguished from the hydrolysis/degradation function controlled by the ubiquitination pathway, autophagy, and various hydrolases in cells. In this mini-review, we summarized current research progress that the human HECT (homologous to the E6AP carboxyl terminus)-type ubiquitin E3 ligases have non-redundant functions in regulating specific signaling pathways, involved in a number of human diseases, especially aging-related diseases, through the influence of DNA repair, protein stability, and removal efficiency of damaged proteins or organelles. We further compared HECT E3 ligases’ structure and functions between plant and mammalian cells, and speculated new aspects acting as degrading signals and regulating signals of HECT E3 ligase in cell senescence and the cell death of plants.
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100
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Binding site plasticity in viral PPxY Late domain recognition by the third WW domain of human NEDD4. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15076. [PMID: 31636332 PMCID: PMC6803667 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50701-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The recognition of PPxY viral Late domains by the third WW domain of the HECT-E3 ubiquitin ligase NEDD4 (hNEDD4-WW3) is essential for the completion of the budding process of numerous enveloped viruses, including Ebola, Marburg, HTLV1 or Rabies. hNEDD4-WW3 has been validated as a promising target for the development of novel host-oriented broad spectrum antivirals. Nonetheless, finding inhibitors with good properties as therapeutic agents remains a challenge since the key determinants of binding affinity and specificity are still poorly understood. We present here a detailed structural and thermodynamic study of the interactions of hNEDD4-WW3 with viral Late domains combining isothermal titration calorimetry, NMR structural determination and molecular dynamics simulations. Structural and energetic differences in Late domain recognition reveal a highly plastic hNEDD4-WW3 binding site that can accommodate PPxY-containing ligands with varying orientations. These orientations are mostly determined by specific conformations adopted by residues I859 and T866. Our results suggest a conformational selection mechanism, extensive to other WW domains, and highlight the functional relevance of hNEDD4-WW3 domain conformational flexibility at the binding interface, which emerges as a key element to consider in the search for potent and selective inhibitors of therapeutic interest.
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