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Chen L, Fu W, Zheng L, Wang Y, Liang G. Recent progress in the discovery of myeloid differentiation 2 (MD2) modulators for inflammatory diseases. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:1187-1202. [PMID: 29330126 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD2), together with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), binds lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with high affinity, inducing the formation of the activated homodimer LPS-MD2-TLR4. MD2 directly recognizes the Lipid A domain of LPS, leading to the activation of downstream signaling of cytokine and chemokine production, and initiation of inflammatory and immune responses. However, excessive activation and potent host responses generate severe inflammatory syndromes such as acute sepsis and septic shock. MD2 is increasingly being considered as an attractive pharmacological target for the development of potent anti-inflammatory agents. In this Keynote review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in the structure and biology of MD2, and present MD2 modulators as promising agents for anti-inflammatory intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Weitao Fu
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Lulu Zheng
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China.
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52
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Schink A, Naumoska K, Kitanovski Z, Kampf CJ, Fröhlich-Nowoisky J, Thines E, Pöschl U, Schuppan D, Lucas K. Anti-inflammatory effects of cinnamon extract and identification of active compounds influencing the TLR2 and TLR4 signaling pathways. Food Funct 2018; 9:5950-5964. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01286e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cinnamon extract and its active compounds attenuate TLR2-/TLR4-mediated inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Schink
- Multiphase Chemistry Department
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Katerina Naumoska
- Multiphase Chemistry Department
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
- Department of Food Chemistry
| | - Zoran Kitanovski
- Multiphase Chemistry Department
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Christopher Johannes Kampf
- Multiphase Chemistry Department
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
| | | | - Eckhard Thines
- Institut für Biotechnologie und Wirkstoff Forschung gGmbH
- Kaiserslautern
- Germany
- Institute of Molecular Physiology
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
| | - Ulrich Pöschl
- Multiphase Chemistry Department
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University
- 55131 Mainz
- Germany
- Division of Gastroenterology
| | - Kurt Lucas
- Multiphase Chemistry Department
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
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53
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Momtaz S, Hassani S, Khan F, Ziaee M, Abdollahi M. Cinnamon, a promising prospect towards Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacol Res 2017; 130:241-258. [PMID: 29258915 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decades, an exponential increase of efforts concerning the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been practiced. Phytochemicals preparations have a millenary background to combat various pathological conditions. Various cinnamon species and their biologically active ingredients have renewed the interest towards the treatment of patients with mild-to-moderate AD through the inhibition of tau protein aggregation and prevention of the formation and accumulation of amyloid-β peptides into the neurotoxic oligomeric inclusions, both of which are considered to be the AD trademarks. In this review, we presented comprehensive data on the interactions of a number of cinnamon polyphenols (PPs) with oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory signaling pathways in the brain. In addition, we discussed the potential association between AD and diabetes mellitus (DM), vis-à-vis the effluence of cinnamon PPs. Further, an upcoming prospect of AD epigenetic pathophysiological conditions and cinnamon has been sighted. Data was retrieved from the scientific databases such as PubMed database of the National Library of Medicine, Scopus and Google Scholar without any time limitation. The extract of cinnamon efficiently inhibits tau accumulations, Aβ aggregation and toxicity in vivo and in vitro models. Indeed, cinnamon possesses neuroprotective effects interfering multiple oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory pathways. Besides, cinnamon modulates endothelial functions and attenuates the vascular cell adhesion molecules. Cinnamon PPs may induce AD epigenetic modifications. Cinnamon and in particular, cinnamaldehyde seem to be effective and safe approaches for treatment and prevention of AD onset and/or progression. However, further molecular and translational research studies as well as prolonged clinical trials are required to establish the therapeutic safety and efficacy in different cinnamon spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran; Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokoufeh Hassani
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazlullah Khan
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IC-TUMS), Tehran Iran
| | - Mojtaba Ziaee
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran; Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IC-TUMS), Tehran Iran.
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54
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Analgesic-Like Activity of Essential Oil Constituents: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122392. [PMID: 29232831 PMCID: PMC5751100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The constituents of essential oils are widely found in foods and aromatic plants giving characteristic odor and flavor. However, pharmacological studies evidence its therapeutic potential for the treatment of several diseases and promising use as compounds with analgesic-like action. Considering that pain affects a significant part of the world population and the need for the development of new analgesics, this review reports on the current studies of essential oils’ chemical constituents with analgesic-like activity, including a description of their mechanisms of action and chemical aspects.
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Mehta MJ, Kumar A. Green and Efficient Processing of Cinnamomum cassia Bark by Using Ionic Liquids: Extraction of Essential Oil and Construction of UV-Resistant Composite Films from Residual Biomass. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:3150-3155. [PMID: 28990285 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201701155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
There is significant interest in the development of a sustainable and integrated process for the extraction of essential oils and separation of biopolymers by using novel and efficient solvent systems. Herein, cassia essential oil enriched in coumarin is extracted from Cinnamomum cassia bark by using a protic ionic liquid (IL), ethylammonium nitrate (EAN), through dissolution and the creation of a biphasic system with the help of diethyl ether. The process has been perfected, in terms of higher biomass dissolution ability and essential oil yield through the addition of aprotic ILs (based on the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (C4 mim) cation and chloride or acetate anions) to EAN. After extraction of oil, cellulose-rich material and free lignin were regenerated from biomass-IL solutions by using a 1:1 mixture of acetone-water. The purity of the extracted essential oil and biopolymers were ascertained by means of FTIR spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, and GC-MS techniques. Because lignin contains UV-blocking chromophores, the oil-free residual lignocellulosic material has been directly utilized to construct UV-light-resistant composite materials in conjunction with the biopolymer chitosan. Composite material thus obtained was processed to form biodegradable films, which were characterized for mechanical and optical properties. The films showed excellent UV-light resistance and mechanical properties, thereby making it a material suitable for packaging and light-sensitive applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit J Mehta
- Salt and Marine Chemicals Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar-, 364002, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Salt and Marine Chemicals Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar-, 364002, India
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trans-Cinnamaldehyde Inhibits Microglial Activation and Improves Neuronal Survival against Neuroinflammation in BV2 Microglial Cells with Lipopolysaccharide Stimulation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:4730878. [PMID: 29234401 PMCID: PMC5671715 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4730878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Microglial activation contributes to neuroinflammation and neuronal damage in neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. It has been suggested that neurodegenerative disorders may be improved if neuroinflammation can be controlled. trans-cinnamaldehyde (TCA) isolated from the stem bark of Cinnamomum cassia possesses potent anti-inflammatory capability; we thus tested whether TCA presents neuroprotective effects on improving neuronal survival by inhibiting neuroinflammatory responses in BV2 microglial cells. Results To determine the molecular mechanism behind TCA-mediated neuroprotective effects, we assessed the effects of TCA on lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced proinflammatory responses in BV2 microglial cells. While LPS potently induced the production and expression upregulation of proinflammatory mediators, including NO, iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, and TNF-α, TCA pretreatment significantly inhibited LPS-induced production of NO and expression of iNOS, COX-2, and IL-1β and recovered the morphological changes in BV2 cells. TCA markedly attenuated microglial activation and neuroinflammation by blocking nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. With the aid of microglia and neuron coculture system, we showed that TCA greatly reduced LPS-elicited neuronal death and exerted neuroprotective effects. Conclusions Our results suggest that TCA, a natural product, has the potential of being used as a therapeutic agent against neuroinflammation for ameliorating neurodegenerative disorders.
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Putaala H, Nurminen P, Tiihonen K. Effects of cinnamaldehyde and thymol on cytotoxicity, tight junction barrier resistance, and cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 expression in Caco-2 cells. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/77058/2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Clapp PW, Pawlak EA, Lackey JT, Keating JE, Reeber SL, Glish GL, Jaspers I. Flavored e-cigarette liquids and cinnamaldehyde impair respiratory innate immune cell function. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L278-L292. [PMID: 28495856 PMCID: PMC5582929 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00452.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune cells of the respiratory tract are the first line of defense against pathogenic and environmental insults. Failure of these cells to perform their immune functions leaves the host susceptible to infection and may contribute to impaired resolution of inflammation. While combustible tobacco cigarettes have been shown to suppress respiratory immune cell function, the effects of flavored electronic cigarette liquids (e-liquids) and individual flavoring agents on respiratory immune cell responses are unknown. We investigated the effects of seven flavored nicotine-free e-liquids on primary human alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, and natural killer (NK) cells. Cells were challenged with a range of e-liquid dilutions and assayed for their functional responses to pathogenic stimuli. End points included phagocytic capacity (neutrophils and macrophages), neutrophil extracellular trap formation, proinflammatory cytokine production, and cell-mediated cytotoxic response (NK cells). E-liquids were then analyzed via mass spectrometry to identify individual flavoring components. Three cinnamaldehyde-containing e-liquids exhibited dose-dependent broadly immunosuppressive effects. Quantitative mass spectrometry was used to determine concentrations of cinnamaldehyde in each of the three e-liquids, and cells were subsequently challenged with a range of cinnamaldehyde concentrations. Cinnamaldehyde alone recapitulated the impaired function observed with e-liquid exposures, and cinnamaldehyde-induced suppression of macrophage phagocytosis was reversed by addition of the small-molecule reducing agent 1,4-dithiothreitol. We conclude that cinnamaldehyde has the potential to impair respiratory immune cell function, illustrating an immediate need for further toxicological evaluation of chemical flavoring agents to inform regulation governing their use in e-liquid formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip W Clapp
- Curriculum in Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and
| | - Erica A Pawlak
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and
| | - Justin T Lackey
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - James E Keating
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Steven L Reeber
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Gary L Glish
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ilona Jaspers
- Curriculum in Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina;
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and
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Xu F, Wang F, Wen T, Sang W, Wang D, Zeng N. Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome: a new protective mechanism of cinnamaldehyde in endotoxin poisoning of mice. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2017; 39:296-304. [PMID: 28762847 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2017.1355377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cinnamaldehyde (CA) has a protective effect in endotoxin poisoning of mice, but there is no direct evidence for the protective effect of CA through inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in endotoxin poisoning of mice. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the protective mechanism of CA in endotoxin poisoned mice through NLRP3 inflammasome. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of CA in phorbol-12-myristate acetate-differentiated THP-1 cells through the NLRP3 inflammasome. Second, in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxin poisoning, CA was administrated for 5 d (once a day) before the 15 mg/kg LPS challenge. Then, the levels of IL-1β in serum were measured, and the effect of CA on the NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the expression of cathepsin B and P2X7R proteins in lung were explored. RESULTS In vitro, CA decreased the levels of p20, pro-IL-1β and IL-1β in cell culture supernatants, as well as the expression of NLRP3 and IL-1β mRNA in cells. In vivo, CA decreased IL-1β production in serum. Furthermore, CA suppressed LPS-induced NLRP3, p20, Pro-IL-1β, P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) and cathepsin B protein expression in lung, as well as the expression of NLRP3 and IL-1β mRNA. CONCLUSIONS CA has a protective effect in the endotoxin poisoned mice through the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Furthermore, CA suppresses the NLRP3 inflammasome activation by inhibiting the expression of cathepsin B and P2X7R protein expression. CA can be considered as a potential therapeutic candidate for diseases involved in endotoxin poisoning such as sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- a College of Pharmacy , Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Guiyang , Guizhou Province , P.R. China.,b Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy , Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Chengdu , Sichuan , P.R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- b Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy , Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Chengdu , Sichuan , P.R. China
| | - Taoqun Wen
- b Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy , Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Chengdu , Sichuan , P.R. China
| | - Wentao Sang
- b Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy , Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Chengdu , Sichuan , P.R. China
| | - Dejian Wang
- b Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy , Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Chengdu , Sichuan , P.R. China
| | - Nan Zeng
- b Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy , Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Chengdu , Sichuan , P.R. China
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60
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Li XQ, Liu XX, Wang XY, Xie YH, Yang Q, Liu XX, Ding YY, Cao W, Wang SW. Cinnamaldehyde Derivatives Inhibit Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Viral Myocarditis. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2017; 25:279-287. [PMID: 27737525 PMCID: PMC5424638 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2016.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical property of cinnamaldehyde is unstable in vivo, although early experiments have shown its obvious therapeutic effects on viral myocarditis (VMC). To overcome this problem, we used cinnamaldehyde as a leading compound to synthesize derivatives. Five derivatives of cinnamaldehyde were synthesized: 4-methylcinnamaldehyde (1), 4-chlorocinnamaldehyde (2), 4-methoxycinnamaldehyde (3), α-bromo-4-methylcinnamaldehyde (4), and α-bromo-4-chlorocinnamaldehyde (5). Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and HeLa cells infected by coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) were used to evaluate their antiviral and cytotoxic effects. In vivo BALB/c mice were infected with CVB3 for establishing VMC models. Among the derivatives, compound 4 and 5 inhibited the CVB3 in HeLa cells with the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations values of 11.38 ± 2.22 μM and 2.12 ± 0.37 μM, respectively. The 50% toxic concentrations of compound 4 and 5-treated cells were 39-fold and 87-fold higher than in the cinnamaldehyde group. Compound 4 and 5 effectively reduced the viral titers and cardiac pathological changes in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, compound 4 and 5 significantly inhibited the secretion, mRNA and protein expressions of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in CVB3-infected cardiomyocytes, indicating that brominated cinnamaldehyde not only improved the anti-vital activities for VMC, but also had potent anti-inflammatory effects in cardiomyocytes induced by CVB3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qiang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xue-Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yan-Hua Xie
- Department of Natural Medicine and Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Natural Medicine and Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xin-Xin Liu
- Department of Natural Medicine and Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Ding
- Department of Natural Medicine and Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Natural Medicine and Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Si-Wang Wang
- Department of Natural Medicine and Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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Roth-Walter F, Bergmayr C, Meitz S, Buchleitner S, Stremnitzer C, Fazekas J, Moskovskich A, Müller MA, Roth GA, Manzano-Szalai K, Dvorak Z, Neunkirchner A, Jensen-Jarolim E. Janus-faced Acrolein prevents allergy but accelerates tumor growth by promoting immunoregulatory Foxp3+ cells: Mouse model for passive respiratory exposure. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45067. [PMID: 28332605 PMCID: PMC5362909 DOI: 10.1038/srep45067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acrolein, a highly reactive unsaturated aldehyde, is generated in large amounts during smoking and is best known for its genotoxic capacity. Here, we aimed to assess whether acrolein at concentrations relevant for smokers may also exert immunomodulatory effects that could be relevant in allergy or cancer. In a BALB/c allergy model repeated nasal exposure to acrolein abrogated allergen-specific antibody and cytokine formation, and led to a relative accumulation of regulatory T cells in the lungs. Only the acrolein-treated mice were protected from bronchial hyperreactivity as well as from anaphylactic reactions upon challenge with the specific allergen. Moreover, grafted D2F2 tumor cells grew faster and intratumoral Foxp3+ cell accumulation was observed in these mice compared to sham-treated controls. Results from reporter cell lines suggested that acrolein acts via the aryl-hydrocarbon receptor which could be inhibited by resveratrol and 3′-methoxy-4′-nitroflavone Acrolein- stimulation of human PBMCs increased Foxp3+ expression by T cells which could be antagonized by resveratrol. Our mouse and human data thus revealed that acrolein exerts systemic immunosuppression by promoting Foxp3+ regulatory cells. This provides a novel explanation why smokers have a lower allergy, but higher cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Roth-Walter
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cornelia Bergmayr
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Meitz
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Buchleitner
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Caroline Stremnitzer
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judit Fazekas
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Moskovskich
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario A Müller
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg A Roth
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Krisztina Manzano-Szalai
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zdenek Dvorak
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alina Neunkirchner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Immunomodulation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Dewi AH, Ana ID, Jansen J. Preparation of a calcium carbonate-based bone substitute with cinnamaldehyde crosslinking agent with potential anti-inflammatory properties. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:1055-1062. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Handrini Dewi
- Department of Dental Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Dentistry, Gadjah Mada University; Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia
| | - Ika Dewi Ana
- Department of Dental Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Dentistry, Gadjah Mada University; Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia
| | - John Jansen
- Department of Biomaterials; Radboud University Medical Center; 6500 HB Nijmegen The Netherlands
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Zhao H, Zhang M, Zhou F, Cao W, Bi L, Xie Y, Yang Q, Wang S. Cinnamaldehyde ameliorates LPS-induced cardiac dysfunction via TLR4-NOX4 pathway: The regulation of autophagy and ROS production. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 101:11-24. [PMID: 27838370 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cinnamaldehyde (CA), a major bioactive compound extracted from the essential oil of Cortex Cinnamomi, exhibits anti-inflammatory activity on endotoxemia. Accumulating evidence indicates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and autophagy play a vital role in the cardiac dysfunction during endotoxemia. The aim of this study was to unveil the mechanism of CA on ROS production and autophagy during endotoxemia. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were stimulated by LPS (20mg/kg i.v.) with or without treatment of CA. Cardiac function and histopathological staining were preformed 4h after LPS stimulation. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were detected by ELISA. The expression of p-JNK, p-ERK, p-p38, TLR4, NOX4, NOX2, ATG5 and LC3 proteins were determined by Western blot. The results showed that CA inhibited cardiac dysfunction, inflammatory infiltration and the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in LPS stimulated rats by blocking the TLR4, NOX4, MAPK and autophagy signalings. In order to obtain further confirmation of the mechanism of CA on endotoxemia in vitro, a limited time-course study was firstly performed by Western blot. TLR4, NOX4 and LC3 were significantly increased after 4h LPS stimulation. CA reversed the intracellular ROS production and MAPK signaling activation induced by LPS. Electron microscopy, mRFP-GFP-LC3 transfection and western blot results revealed autophagic flux were attenuated after CA treatment. The siRNA and molecular docking results suggest that CA can suppress both TLR4 and NOX4 during endotoxemia. Our data revealed that CA ameliorated LPS-induced cardiac dysfunction by inhibiting ROS production and autophagy through TLR4-NOX4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhao
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; The Cultivation Project of Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine in QinBa Mountains, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; The Cultivation Project of Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine in QinBa Mountains, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Fuxing Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; The Cultivation Project of Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine in QinBa Mountains, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Linlin Bi
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; The Cultivation Project of Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine in QinBa Mountains, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yanhua Xie
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; The Cultivation Project of Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine in QinBa Mountains, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; The Cultivation Project of Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine in QinBa Mountains, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Siwang Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; The Cultivation Project of Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine in QinBa Mountains, Xi'an 710032, China.
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64
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Marion-Letellier R, Savoye G, Ghosh S. IBD: In Food We Trust. J Crohns Colitis 2016; 10:1351-1361. [PMID: 27194533 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Both science and patients associate diet with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. There is no doubt that links between IBD and diet are numerous, based on both epidemiological studies and experimental studies. However, scientific evidence to support dietary advice is currently lacking, and dietary counselling for IBD patients is often limited in clinical practice to the improvement of nutrient intake. This review aimed to focus on both patient's beliefs about and molecular mechanisms for crosstalk between nutrients and inflammation. METHODS A literature search using PubMed was performed to identify relevant studies on diet and/or nutrients and their role in IBD. Pubmed [from inception to January 20, 2016] was searched using the terms: 'Crohn', 'colitis',' intestinal epithelial cells', and a list of terms relating to diet or numerous specific nutrients. Terms associated with nutrients were individually tested in the context of IBD. Reference lists from studies selected were manually searched to identify further relevant reports. Manuscripts about diet in the context of IBD from basic science, epidemiological studies, or clinical trials were selected and reviewed. Only articles published in English were included. RESULTS Epidemiological studies highlight the key role of diet in IBD development, and many IBD patients report diet as a triggering factor in relapse of disease. In addition, we present research on the impact of nutrients on innate immunity. CONCLUSION Diet may offer an alternative approach to restoring deficient innate immunity in IBD, and this may be the scientific rationale for providing dietary counselling for IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guillaume Savoye
- INSERM Unit UMR1073, Rouen University and Rouen University Hospital, Rouen cedex, France.,Department of Gastroenterology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen cedex, France
| | - Subrata Ghosh
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Zakaria S, Mahmoud AA, Hasan RA, Mahmoud MF, El Fayoumi HM. Cinnamaldehyde Mitigates Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Acute Liver Injury in Rats Through Inhibition of Toll-like Receptor 4 Signaling Pathway. INT J PHARMACOL 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2016.851.862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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66
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Zhang L, Zhang Z, Fu Y, Yang P, Qin Z, Chen Y, Xu Y. Trans-cinnamaldehyde improves memory impairment by blocking microglial activation through the destabilization of iNOS mRNA in mice challenged with lipopolysaccharide. Neuropharmacology 2016; 110:503-518. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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67
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Xu F, Wen T, Wang F, Sang W, Zeng N. Protective effect of cinnamicaldehyde in endotoxin poisoning mice. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2016; 38:455-463. [DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2016.1241260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Taoqun Wen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Wentao Sang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Nan Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, PR China
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68
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Fothergill LJ, Callaghan B, Rivera LR, Lieu T, Poole DP, Cho HJ, Bravo DM, Furness JB. Effects of Food Components That Activate TRPA1 Receptors on Mucosal Ion Transport in the Mouse Intestine. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8100623. [PMID: 27735854 PMCID: PMC5084011 DOI: 10.3390/nu8100623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
TRPA1 is a ligand-activated cation channel found in the intestine and other tissues. Components of food that stimulate TRPA1 receptors (phytonutrients) include allyl isothiocyanate, cinnamaldehyde and linalool, but these may also act at other receptors. Cells lining the intestinal mucosa are immunoreactive for TRPA1 and Trpa1 mRNA occurs in mucosal extracts, suggesting that the TRPA1 receptor is the target for these agonists. However, in situ hybridisation reveals Trpa1 expression in 5-HT containing enteroendocrine cells, not enterocytes. TRPA1 agonists evoke mucosal secretion, which may be indirect (through release of 5-HT) or direct by activation of enterocytes. We investigated effects of the phytonutrients on transmucosal ion currents in mouse duodenum and colon, and the specificity of the phytonutrients in cells transfected with Trpa1, and in Trpa1-deficient mice. The phytonutrients increased currents in the duodenum with the relative potencies: allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) > cinnamaldehyde > linalool (0.1 to 300 μM). The rank order was similar in the colon, but linalool was ineffective. Responses to AITC were reduced by the TRPA1 antagonist HC-030031 (100 μM), and were greatly diminished in Trpa1−/− duodenum and colon. Responses were not reduced by tetrodotoxin, 5-HT receptor antagonists, or atropine, but inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis reduced responses. Thus, functional TRPA1 channels are expressed by enterocytes of the duodenum and colon. Activation of enterocyte TRPA1 by food components has the potential to facilitate nutrient absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda J Fothergill
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Brid Callaghan
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Leni R Rivera
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia.
- Metabolic Research Unit, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong VIC 3216, Australia.
| | - TinaMarie Lieu
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Daniel P Poole
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia.
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Hyun-Jung Cho
- Biological Optical Microscopy Platform, University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - David M Bravo
- In Vivo Animal Nutrition & Health, Talhouët, Saint-Nolff 56250, France.
| | - John B Furness
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia.
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia.
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69
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Kang K, Won M, Yuk JM, Park CY, Byun HS, Park KA, Lee SR, Kang YG, Shen HM, Lee IY, Hur GM. IinQ attenuates systemic inflammatory responses via selectively impairing the Myddosome complex formation upon TLR4 ligation. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 121:52-66. [PMID: 27664853 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A specific small-molecule inhibitor of the TLR4 signaling complex upstream of the IKK would likely provide therapeutic benefit for NF-κB-mediated inflammatory disease. We previously identified brazilin as a selective upstream IKK inhibitor targeting the Myddosome complex. In this study, using a cell-based ubiquitination assay for IRAK1 and a chemical library comprising a series of structural analogues of brazilin, a novel small molecule, 2-hydroxy-5,6-dihydroisoindolo[1,2-a]isoquinoline-3,8-dione (IinQ), was identified as a selective and potent inhibitor of IRAK1-dependent NF-κB activation upon TLR4 ligation. In RAW264.7 macrophages, IinQ drastically suppressed activation of upstream IKK signaling events including membrane-bound IRAK1 ubiquitination and IKK phosphorylation by the TLR4 ligand, resulting in reduced expression of proinflammatory mediators including IL-6, TNF-α, and nitric oxide. Interestingly, IinQ did not suppress NF-κB activation via the TLR3 ligand, DNA damaging agents, or a protein kinase C activator, indicating IinQ is specific for TLR4 signaling. Analysis of upstream signaling events further confirmed that IinQ disrupts the MyD88-IRAK1-TRAF6 complex formation induced by LPS treatment, without affecting TLR4 oligomerization. Moreover, intravenous administration of IinQ significantly reduced lethality and attenuated systemic inflammatory responses in an in vivo mouse model of endotoxin shock following LPS challenge. Thus, IinQ represents a novel class of brazilin analogues with improved potency and specificity toward disruption of Myddosome complex formation in TLR4 signaling, indicating that IinQ may be a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of systemic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kidong Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-ro, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-ro, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Won
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-ro, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Yuk
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-ro, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; Department of Infection Biology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-ro, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Yong Park
- Eco-Friendly New Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yusung-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Sun Byun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-ro, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Ah Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-ro, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Ra Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-ro, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-ro, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Goo Kang
- Eco-Friendly New Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yusung-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Ming Shen
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ill Young Lee
- Eco-Friendly New Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yusung-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gang Min Hur
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-ro, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-ro, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea.
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70
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Burt SA, Adolfse SJM, Ahad DSA, Tersteeg-Zijderveld MHG, Jongerius-Gortemaker BGM, Post JA, Brüggemann H, Santos RR. Cinnamaldehyde, Carvacrol and Organic Acids Affect Gene Expression of Selected Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Markers in IPEC-J2 Cells Exposed to Salmonella typhimurium. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1988-2000. [PMID: 27561686 PMCID: PMC5157771 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Essential oils and organic acids are used as feed additives to improve health status and reduce colonization with pathogens. Although bactericidal in vitro, concentrations achieved in the animal gut are probably not lethal to pathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol and cinnamic, lactic and propionic acids on the ability of Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 (ST) to invade intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) and on the expression levels of immune related genes in the cells. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and non-inhibitory concentration (NIC) were determined and influence on the invasion capacity of ST was investigated. The structure of fimbriae and flagella was analysed by electron microscopy, and expression levels of HSP70, IkBa, IL-8 and IL-10 in the IPEC-J2 cells were carried out by q-PCR. Cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol and cinnamic and propionic acids inhibited ST invasion but not cell viability, bacterial viability and motility or the development of flagella. Propionic acid and cinnamaldehyde in combination with cinnamic acid caused structural impairment of fimbriae. Cinnamaldehyde up-regulated expression of HSP70 irrespective of the presence of organic acids or ST; exposure to carvacrol induced HSP70 only in the presence of propionic acid and ST. © 2016 The Authors. Phytotherapy Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Burt
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Simone J M Adolfse
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dina S A Ahad
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Monique H G Tersteeg-Zijderveld
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Betty G M Jongerius-Gortemaker
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A Post
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Regiane R Santos
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Veterinary Pharmacy, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Animal Sciences Post-graduation Program, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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71
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Akram M, Kim KA, Kim ES, Shin YJ, Noh D, Kim E, Kim JH, Majid A, Chang SY, Kim JK, Bae ON. Selective inhibition of JAK2/STAT1 signaling and iNOS expression mediates the anti-inflammatory effects of coniferyl aldehyde. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 256:102-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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72
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Singh A, Khan SA, Choudhary R, Bodakhe SH. Cinnamaldehyde Attenuates Cataractogenesis via Restoration of Hypertension and Oxidative Stress in Fructose-Fed Hypertensive rats. J Pharmacopuncture 2016; 19:137-44. [PMID: 27386147 PMCID: PMC4931299 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2016.19.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several studies have revealed that systemic hypertension is strongly associated with cataractogenesis. However, the pathophysiology and treatment is often unclear. In this study, we evaluated the anti-cataractogenic effect of cinnamaldehyde (CA), a natural organic compound, in rats with fructose-induced hypertension. METHODS The rats were divided into six groups. For six weeks, the normal group received a suspension of 0.5% carboxy methyl cellulose (10 mL/kg/day, p.o.) while five other groups received a 10% (w/v) fructose solution in their drinking water to induce hypertension. By the end of the third week hypertension had been induced in all the animals receiving fructose. From the beginning of the fourth week to the end of the sixth week, one of those five groups (control) continued to receive only 10% (w/v) fructose solution, one group (standard) received ramipril (1 mg/kg/day, p.o.) plus 10% (w/v) fructose solution, and three groups (experimental) received CA at doses of 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg/day p.o., plus 10% (w/v) fructose solution. Blood pressure was measured weekly using a non-invasive blood pressure apparatus. After six weeks, the animals were sacrificed, and the anti-cataractogenic effects on the eye lenses were evaluated. RESULTS Administration of fructose elevated both the systolic and the diastolic blood pressures, which were significantly reduced by CA at all dose levels. In the control group, a significant increase in the malonaldehyde (MDA) level and decreases in the total protein, Ca(2+)adenosine triphosphate (ATP)ase activity, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels, as compared to the normal group, were observed. Administration of CA at all doses significantly restored the enzymatic, non-enzymatic, antioxidants, total protein, and Ca(2+)ATPase levels, but decreased the MDA level, as compared to the control group. CONCLUSION The present study revealed that CA modulated the antioxidant parameters of the serum and lens homogenates in hypertension-induced cataractogenic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, India
| | - Samsroz Ahmad Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, India
| | - Rajesh Choudhary
- Department of Pharmacology, SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, India
| | - Surendra Haribhau Bodakhe
- Department of Pharmacology, SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, India
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Fabra MJ, Castro-Mayorga JL, Randazzo W, Lagarón JM, López-Rubio A, Aznar R, Sánchez G. Efficacy of Cinnamaldehyde Against Enteric Viruses and Its Activity After Incorporation Into Biodegradable Multilayer Systems of Interest in Food Packaging. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2016; 8:125-132. [PMID: 27008344 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-016-9235-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamaldehyde (CNMA), an organic compound that gives cinnamon its flavor and odor, was investigated for its virucidal activity on norovirus surrogates, murine norovirus (MNV) and feline calicivirus (FCV), and hepatitis A virus (HAV). Initially, different concentrations of CNMA (0.1, 0.5 and 1 %) were individually mixed with each virus at titers of ca. 6-7 log10 TCID50/ml and incubated 2 h at 4 and 37 °C. CNMA was effective in reducing the titers of norovirus surrogates in a dose-dependent manner after 2 h at 37 °C, while HAV titers were reduced by 1 log10 after treatment with 1 % of CNMA. When incubation time was extended, HAV titers were reduced by 3.4 and 2.7 log10 after overnight incubation at 37 °C with 1 and 0.5 % of CNMA, respectively. Moreover, this paper analyzed, for the first time, the antiviral activity of adding an active electrospun interlayer based on zein and CNMA to a polyhydroxybutyrate packaging material (PHB) in a multilayer form. Biodegradable multilayer systems prepared with 2.60 mg/cm(2) (~9.7 %) of CNMA completely inactivated FCV according to ISO 22196:2011, while MNV titers were reduced by 2.75 log10. When the developed multilayer films were evaluated after one month of preparation or at 25 °C, the antiviral activity was reduced as compared to freshly prepared multilayer films evaluated at 37 °C. The results show the excellent potential of this system for food contact applications as well as for active packaging technologies in order to maintain or extend food quality and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Fabra
- Food Preservation and Food Quality Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Avda, Agustin Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - J L Castro-Mayorga
- Food Preservation and Food Quality Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Avda, Agustin Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - W Randazzo
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Science, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Biotechnology Department, IATA-CSIC, Avda. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - J M Lagarón
- Food Preservation and Food Quality Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Avda, Agustin Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - A López-Rubio
- Food Preservation and Food Quality Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Avda, Agustin Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - R Aznar
- Biotechnology Department, IATA-CSIC, Avda. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
- Microbiology and Ecology Department, University of Valencia, Avda. Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - G Sánchez
- Biotechnology Department, IATA-CSIC, Avda. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
- Microbiology and Ecology Department, University of Valencia, Avda. Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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Mendes SJ, Sousa FI, Pereira DM, Ferro TA, Pereira IC, Silva BL, Pinheiro AJ, Mouchrek AQ, Monteiro-Neto V, Costa SK, Nascimento JL, Grisotto MA, da Costa R, Fernandes ES. Cinnamaldehyde modulates LPS-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome through TRPA1-dependent and independent mechanisms. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 34:60-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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75
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Trans-Cinnamaldehyde, An Essential Oil in Cinnamon Powder, Ameliorates Cerebral Ischemia-Induced Brain Injury via Inhibition of Neuroinflammation Through Attenuation of iNOS, COX-2 Expression and NFκ-B Signaling Pathway. Neuromolecular Med 2016; 18:322-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-016-8395-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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76
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Hong SH, Ismail IA, Kang SM, Han DC, Kwon BM. Cinnamaldehydes in Cancer Chemotherapy. Phytother Res 2016; 30:754-67. [PMID: 26890810 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cinnamaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde-derived compounds are candidates for the development of anticancer drugs that have received extensive research attention. In this review, we summarize recent findings detailing the positive and negative aspects of cinnamaldehyde and its derivatives as potential anticancer drug candidates. Furthermore, we describe the in vivo pharmacokinetics and metabolism of cinnamaldehydes. The oxidative and antioxidative properties of cinnamaldehydes, which contribute to their potential in chemotherapy, have also been discussed. Moreover, the mechanism(s) by which cinnamaldehydes induce apoptosis in cancer cells have been explored. In addition, evidence of the regulatory effects of cinnamaldehydes on cancer cell invasion and metastasis has been described. Finally, the application of cinnamaldehydes in treating various types of cancer, including breast, prostate, and colon cancers, has been discussed in detail. The effects of cinnamaldehydes on leukemia, hepatocellular carcinoma, and oral cancer have been summarized briefly. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hyung Hong
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 700-412, Korea
| | - Ismail Ahmed Ismail
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 700-412, Korea.,Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Sung-Min Kang
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 700-412, Korea
| | - Dong Cho Han
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology in Korea, 125 Gwahakro Yoosunggu, Daejeon, 305-806, Korea
| | - Byoung-Mog Kwon
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology in Korea, 125 Gwahakro Yoosunggu, Daejeon, 305-806, Korea
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77
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Ka SM, Kuoping Chao L, Lin JC, Chen ST, Li WT, Lin CN, Cheng JC, Jheng HL, Chen A, Hua KF. A low toxicity synthetic cinnamaldehyde derivative ameliorates renal inflammation in mice by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome and its related signaling pathways. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 91:10-24. [PMID: 26675345 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Uncontrolled inflammation is a leading cause of various chronic diseases. Cinnamaldehyde (CA) is a major bioactive compound isolated from the essential oil of the leaves of Cinnamomum osmophloeum kaneh that exhibits anti-inflammatory activity; however, the use of CA is limited by its cytotoxicity. Here, we synthesized three CA derivatives and identified 4-hydroxycinnamaldehyde-galactosamine (HCAG) as a low toxicity anti-inflammatory compound in vitro (HCAG IC50 ≫ 1600 µM; CA IC50=40 µM) and in vivo. HCAG reduced pro-inflammatory mediator expression in LPS-activated macrophages by inhibiting MAPK and PKC-α/δ phosphorylation, decreasing ROS generation and reducing NF-κB activation. HCAG also reduced NLRP3 inflammasome-derived IL-1β secretion by inhibiting the ATP-mediated phosphorylation of AKT and PKC-α/δ. In a mouse model of LPS-induced renal inflammation, we observed reduced albuminuria and a mild degree of glomerular proliferation, glomerular sclerosis and periglomerular inflammation in the HCAG-treated mice compared with the vehicle-treated mice. The underlying mechanisms for these renoprotective effects involved: (1) inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation; (2) decreased superoxide anion levels and apoptosis; and (3) suppressed activation of NF-κB and related downstream inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuk-Man Ka
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Jung-Chen Lin
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shui-Tein Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tai Li
- National Research institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Nan Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Che Cheng
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Ling Jheng
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ann Chen
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Feng Hua
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan.
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79
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Dewi AH, Ana ID, Jansen J. Calcium carbonate hydrogel construct with cynnamaldehyde incorporated to control inflammation during surgical procedure. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 104:768-774. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Handrini Dewi
- Department of Dental Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry; Gadjah Mada University; Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia
| | - Ika Dewi Ana
- Department of Dental Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry; Gadjah Mada University; Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia
| | - John Jansen
- Department of Biomaterials; Radboud University Medical Center; 6500 HB Nijmegen The Netherlands
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80
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Fu Y, Hu X, Cao Y, Zhang Z, Zhang N. Saikosaponin a inhibits lipopolysaccharide-oxidative stress and inflammation in Human umbilical vein endothelial cells via preventing TLR4 translocation into lipid rafts. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:777-85. [PMID: 26475038 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.10.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Saikosaponin a (SSa), the major triterpenoid saponin derivatives from Radix bupleuri (RB), has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of SSa on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVECs were stimulated with LPS in the presence or absence of SSa. The levels of TNF-α and IL-8 were detected by ELISA. The expression of COX-2 and iNOS, NF-κB and IκB protein were determined by Western blotting. To investigate the protective mechanisms of SSa, TLR4 expression was detected by Western blotting and membrane lipid rafts were separated by density gradient ultracentrifugation and analyzed by immunoblotting with anti-TLR4 antibody. The results showed that SSa dose-dependently inhibited the production of ROS, TNF-α, IL-8, COX-2 and iNOS in LPS-stimulated HUVECs. Western blot analysis showed that SSa suppressed LPS-induced NF-κB activation. SSa did not affect the expression of TLR4 induced by LPS. However, translocation of TLR4 into lipid rafts and oligomerization of TLR4 induce by LPS was inhibited by SSa. Furthermore, SSa disrupted the formation of lipid rafts by depleting cholesterol. Moreover, SSa activated LXRα-ABCA1 signaling pathway, which could induce cholesterol efflux from lipid rafts. Knockdown of LXRα abrogated the anti-inflammatory effects of SSa. In conclusion, the effects of SSa is associated with activating LXRα-ABCA1 signaling pathway which results in disrupting lipid rafts by depleting cholesterol and reducing translocation of TLR4 to lipid rafts and oligomerization of TLR4, thereby attenuating LPS mediated oxidative and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhe Fu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, PR China
| | - Yongguo Cao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, PR China
| | - Zecai Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, PR China
| | - Naisheng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, PR China.
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81
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Anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of cinnamaldehyde on protecting high glucose-induced damage in cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons of rats. Chin J Integr Med 2015; 22:19-27. [PMID: 26577110 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-015-2103-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the mechanism underlying the beneficial role of cinnamaldehyde on oxidative damage and apoptosis in high glucose (HG)-induced dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in vitro. METHODS HG-treated DRG neurons were developed as an in vitro model of diabetic neuropathy. The neurons were randomly divided into five groups: the control group, the HG group and the HG groups treated with 25, 50 and 100 nmol/L cinnamaldehyde, respectively. Cell viability was examined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and apoptosis rate was evaluated by the in situ TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured with flow cytometry. Expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), inhibitor of κB (IκB), phosphorylated IκB (p-IκB), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and caspase-3 were determined by western blotting and real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) were also measured by western blotting. RESULTS Cinnamaldehyde reduced HG-induced loss of viability, apoptosis and intracellular generation of ROS in the DRG neurons via inhibiting NF-κB activity. The western blot assay results showed that the HG-induced elevated expressions of NF-κB, IκB and p-IκB were remarkably reduced by cinnamaldehyde treatment in a dose-dependent manner (P <0.01). The HG-induced over-expression of NF-κB p65 mRNA was remarkably attenuated after cinnamaldehyde treatment in a dose-dependent manner (P <0.01). However, the expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 were not upregulated. Treatment with cinnamaldehyde not only attenuated caspase-3 activation and the caspase cleavage cascade in DRG neurons, but also lowered the elevated IL-6, TNF-α, cyclo-oxygenase and inducible nitric oxide synthase levels, indicating a reduction in inflammatory damage. CONCLUSIONS Cinnamaldehyde protected DRG neurons from the deleterious effects of HG through inactivation of NF-κB pathway but not through activation of Nrf2/HO-1. And thus cinnamaldehyde may have potential application as a treatment for DPN.
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82
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Zhao J, Zhang X, Dong L, Wen Y, Zheng X, Zhang C, Chen R, Zhang Y, Li Y, He T, Zhu X, Li L. Cinnamaldehyde inhibits inflammation and brain damage in a mouse model of permanent cerebral ischaemia. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:5009-23. [PMID: 26234631 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Recent findings suggest the importance of inflammation in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischaemia and its potential as a therapeutic target. Cinnamaldehyde is a diterpene with a wide range of anti-inflammatory effects thus may be advantageous in the treatment of cerebral ischaemia. The present study examined the potential therapeutic effects of cinnamaldehyde on cerebral ischaemia using a mouse model with permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Male CD-1 mice, which had the middle cerebral artery occluded, were treated (i.p.) with cinnamaldehyde. Neuroprotection by cinnamaldehyde was analysed by evaluating neurological deficit scores, brain oedema and infarct volume. Expressions of signal transduction molecules and inflammatory mediators were measured by Western blotting, qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining. Activation of NF-κB was assessed by Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. KEY RESULTS Cinnamaldehyde reduced the neurological deficit scores, brain oedema and infarct volume. Cinnamaldehyde suppressed the activation of signal transduction molecules including toll-like receptor 4, tumour necrosis receptor-associated factor 6 and NF-κB, attenuated the increased levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, CCL2 and endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 and ultimately reduced leukocyte infiltration into the ischaemic brain areas after cerebral ischaemia. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Cinnamaldehyde protects against cerebral ischaemia injury by inhibiting inflammation, partly mediated by reducing the expression of toll-like receptor 4, tumour necrosis receptor-associated factor 6 and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Our findings suggest that cinnamaldehyde may serve as a new candidate for further development as a treatment for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiangjian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lipeng Dong
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ya Wen
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiufen Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yaoru Li
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tingting He
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xingyuan Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Litao Li
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
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83
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Sesamin Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Inhibition of TLR4 Signaling Pathways. Inflammation 2015; 39:467-472. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-015-0270-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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84
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Simultaneous determination of cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid, and 2-methoxy cinnamic acid in rat whole blood after oral administration of volatile oil of Cinnamoni Ramulus by UHPLC-MS/MS: An application for a pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1001:107-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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85
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Zhao H, Yuan J, Yang Q, Xie Y, Cao W, Wang S. Cinnamaldehyde in a Novel Intravenous Submicrometer Emulsion: Pharmacokinetics, Tissue Distribution, Antitumor Efficacy, and Toxicity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:6386-6392. [PMID: 26118760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of our research is to find a new lipid emulsion to deliver a low water-soluble compound, cinnamaldehyde (CA). Its characteristics, pharmacokinetics, antitumor efficacy, and toxicity were evaluated. The mean particle size, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency of the submicromemter emulsion of CA (SME-CA) were 130 ± 5.92 nm, -25.7 ± 6.00 mV, and 99.5 ± 0.25%, respectively. The area under the curve from 0 h to termination time (AUC(0-t)) of SME-CA showed a significantly higher value than that of CA (589 ± 59.2 vs 375 ± 83.5 ng h/L, P < 0.01). Tissue distribution study showed various changes; among them, a 27% higher concentration was found in brain tissue when using SME-CA at 15 min after administration. For the efficacy evaluation, SME-CA exhibited 8- and 11-fold antitumor activity in the depression of HeLa and A549 cell lines with the IC50 decreasing to 0.003 and 0.001 mmol/L, respectively. The LD50 values of CA and SME-CA in mice were 74.8 and 125 mg/kg, suggesting increased safety from the new formulation. The new formulation exhibited lower toxicity, higher antitumor activity, and a more satisfactory pharmacokinetic property, which displayed great potential for future pharmacological application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhao
- ‡The Cultivation Project of Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine in QinBa Mountains, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jiani Yuan
- ‡The Cultivation Project of Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine in QinBa Mountains, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Qian Yang
- ‡The Cultivation Project of Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine in QinBa Mountains, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yanhua Xie
- ‡The Cultivation Project of Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine in QinBa Mountains, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wei Cao
- ‡The Cultivation Project of Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine in QinBa Mountains, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Siwang Wang
- ‡The Cultivation Project of Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine in QinBa Mountains, Xi'an 710032, China
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86
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Idelman G, Smith DLH, Zucker SD. Bilirubin inhibits the up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase by scavenging reactive oxygen species generated by the toll-like receptor 4-dependent activation of NADPH oxidase. Redox Biol 2015; 5:398-408. [PMID: 26163808 PMCID: PMC4506991 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been previously shown that bilirubin prevents the up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in response to LPS. The present study examines whether this effect is exerted through modulation of Toll-Like Receptor-4 (TLR4) signaling. LPS-stimulated iNOS and NADPH oxidase (Nox) activity in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages was assessed by measuring cellular nitrate and superoxide ( [Formula: see text] ) production, respectively. The generation of both nitrate and [Formula: see text] in response to LPS was suppressed by TLR4 inhibitors, indicating that activation of iNOS and Nox is TLR4-dependent. While treatment with superoxide dismutase (SOD) and bilirubin effectively abolished LPS-mediated [Formula: see text] production, hydrogen peroxide and nitrate release were inhibited by bilirubin and PEG-catalase, but not SOD, supporting that iNOS activation is primarily dependent upon intracellular H2O2. LPS treatment increased nuclear translocation of the redox-sensitive transcription factor Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α (HIF-1α), an effect that was abolished by bilirubin. Cells transfected with murine iNOS reporter constructs in which the HIF-1α-specific hypoxia response element was disrupted exhibited a blunted response to LPS, supporting that HIF-1α mediates Nox-dependent iNOS expression. Bilirubin, but not SOD, blocked the cellular production of interferon-β, while interleukin-6 production remained unaffected. These data support that bilirubin inhibits the TLR4-mediated up-regulation of iNOS by preventing activation of HIF-1α through scavenging of Nox-derived reactive oxygen species. Bilirubin also suppresses interferon-β release via a ROS-independent mechanism. These findings characterize potential mechanisms for the anti-inflammatory effects of bilirubin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gila Idelman
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0595, USA
| | - Darcey L H Smith
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0595, USA
| | - Stephen D Zucker
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0595, USA.
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87
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Fucosterol attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice. J Surg Res 2015; 195:515-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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88
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Yao Y, Huang HY, Yang YX, Guo JY. Cinnamic aldehyde treatment alleviates chronic unexpected stress-induced depressive-like behaviors via targeting cyclooxygenase-2 in mid-aged rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 162:97-103. [PMID: 25556926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE COX-2 has been considered as a potent molecular target for prevention and therapy of depression. However, a recent study showed that COX-2 inhibitor does not improve depressive symptoms in persons aged 70 and over. Therefore, whether treatments targeting COX-2 have a clinical efficacy in depression, especially elderly individuals, remains unclear. Cinnamic aldehyde is a major constituent of Cinnamomum cassia, which has exhibited excellent anti-inflammatory activities as a COX-2 inhibitor. To investigate the potential antidepressant effect of cinnamic aldehyde in mid-aged rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The depressive-like behaviors were measured after the rats exposed to chronic unexpected mild stress (CUMS). Cinnamic aldehyde was administrated by oral gavage to stressed rats (22.5, 45, 90 mg/kg, respectively) for 21 days. The mRNA, protein expression and activity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), as well as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels were measured in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of stressed animals. RESULTS We found that CUMS procedure not only decreased the sucrose preference, but also elevated the COX-2 activity, mRNA and protein levels, and increased PGE2 concentration in rat brain regions. Treatment with high doses of cinnamic aldehyde (45, 90 mg/kg) reversed the behavioral abnormalities, and decreased the COX-2 protein and activity (but not COX-2 mRNA expression) and PGE2 concentration in frontal cortex and hippocampus of stressed rats. CONCLUSION Cinnamic aldehyde exerted antidepressant-like effects in stressed mid-aged rats, and its mechanism of action appears to decrease COX-2 protein and activity. The current findings suggest that targeting COX-2 system might be benefit to the depression, especially elderly individuals and cinnamic aldehyde might be a promising medicine to treat the subjects in the depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yao
- Pharmacy Department, Zhejiang Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Hai-Ying Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yuan-Xiao Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jian-You Guo
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16# Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.
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89
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Neuroprotective effect of gui zhi (ramulus cinnamomi) on ma huang- (herb ephedra-) induced toxicity in rats treated with a ma huang-gui zhi herb pair. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:913461. [PMID: 25691910 PMCID: PMC4321680 DOI: 10.1155/2015/913461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Herb Ephedra (Ma Huang in Chinese) and Ramulus Cinnamomi (Gui Zhi in Chinese) are traditional Chinese herbs, often used together to treat asthma, nose and lung congestion, and fever with anhidrosis. Due to the adverse effects of ephedrine, clinical use of Ma Huang is restricted. However, Gui Zhi extract has been reported to decrease spontaneous activity in rats and exert anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. The present study explored the possible inhibitory effect of Gui Zhi on Ma Huang-induced neurotoxicity in rats when the two herbs were used in combination. All Ma Huang and Ma Huang-Gui Zhi herb pair extracts were prepared using methods of traditional Chinese medicine and were normalized based on the ephedrine content. Two-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 6 rats/group) were administered Ma Huang or the Ma Huang-Gui Zhi herb pair extracts for 7 days (ephedrine = 48 mg/kg), and locomotor activity was measured. After 7 days, oxidative damage in the prefrontal cortex was measured. Gui Zhi decreased hyperactivity and sensitization produced by repeated Ma Huang administration and attenuated oxidative stress induced by Ma Huang. The results of this study demonstrate the neuroprotective potential of Gui Zhi in Ma Huang-induced hyperactivity and oxidative damage in the prefrontal cortex of rats when used in combination.
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90
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Ahn SI, Lim SJ, Gu GJ, Hong CY, Kim JS, Jeong HJ, Koh KO, Mang JY, Kim DY, Youn HS. Suppressive effects of 1-[4-fluoro-2-(2-nitrovinyl)phenyl]pyrrolidine on the Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 24:36-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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91
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Gooshe M, Abdolghaffari AH, Gambuzza ME, Rezaei N. The role of Toll-like receptors in multiple sclerosis and possible targeting for therapeutic purposes. Rev Neurosci 2014; 25:713-39. [PMID: 24914714 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2014-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between the immune and nervous systems suggests invaluable mechanisms for several pathological conditions, especially neurodegenerative disorders. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a potentially disabling chronic autoimmune disease, characterized by chronic inflammation and neurodegenerative pathology of the central nervous system. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an important family of receptors involved in host defense and in recognition of invading pathogens. The role of TLRs in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders such as MS is only starting to be uncovered. Recent studies suggest an ameliorative role of TLR3 and a detrimental role of other TLRs in the onset and progression of MS and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a murine model of MS. Thus, modulating TLRs can represent an innovative immunotherapeutic approach in MS therapy. This article outlines the role of these TLRs in MS, also discussing TLR-targeted agonist or antagonists that could be used in the different stages of the disease.
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92
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Shibata T, Nakashima F, Honda K, Lu YJ, Kondo T, Ushida Y, Aizawa K, Suganuma H, Oe S, Tanaka H, Takahashi T, Uchida K. Toll-like receptors as a target of food-derived anti-inflammatory compounds. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:32757-72. [PMID: 25294874 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.585901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a key role in linking pathogen recognition with the induction of innate immunity. They have been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases, representing potential targets for prevention/treatment. Vegetable-rich diets are associated with the reduced risk of several inflammatory disorders. In the present study, based on an extensive screening of vegetable extracts for TLR-inhibiting activity in HEK293 cells co-expressing TLR with the NF-κB reporter gene, we found cabbage and onion extracts to be the richest sources of a TLR signaling inhibitor. To identify the active substances, we performed activity-guiding separation of the principal inhibitors and identified 3-methylsulfinylpropyl isothiocyanate (iberin) from the cabbage and quercetin and quercetin 4'-O-β-glucoside from the onion, among which iberin showed the most potent inhibitory effect. It was revealed that iberin specifically acted on the dimerization step of TLRs in the TLR signaling pathway. To gain insight into the inhibitory mechanism of TLR dimerization, we developed a novel probe combining an isothiocyanate-reactive group and an alkyne functionality for click chemistry and detected the probe bound to the TLRs in living cells, suggesting that iberin disrupts dimerization of the TLRs via covalent binding. Furthermore, we designed a variety of iberin analogues and found that the inhibition potency was influenced by the oxidation state of the sulfur. Modeling studies of the iberin analogues showed that the oxidation state of sulfur might influence the global shape of the isothiocyanates. These findings establish the TLR dimerization step as a target of food-derived anti-inflammatory compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Shibata
- From the Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Fumie Nakashima
- From the Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kazuya Honda
- From the Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yu-Jhang Lu
- From the Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kondo
- From the Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ushida
- Research and Development Division, Kagome Company, Limited, 17 Nishitomiyama, Nasushiobara 329-2762, Japan, and
| | - Koichi Aizawa
- Research and Development Division, Kagome Company, Limited, 17 Nishitomiyama, Nasushiobara 329-2762, Japan, and
| | - Hiroyuki Suganuma
- Research and Development Division, Kagome Company, Limited, 17 Nishitomiyama, Nasushiobara 329-2762, Japan, and
| | - Sho Oe
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Takashi Takahashi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Koji Uchida
- From the Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan,
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93
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Roth-Walter F, Moskovskich A, Gomez-Casado C, Diaz-Perales A, Oida K, Singer J, Kinaciyan T, Fuchs HC, Jensen-Jarolim E. Immune suppressive effect of cinnamaldehyde due to inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in immune cells: implications in cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108402. [PMID: 25271635 PMCID: PMC4182734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Besides its anti-inflammatory effects, cinnamaldehyde has been reported to have anti-carcinogenic activity. Here, we investigated its impact on immune cells. Methods Activation of nuclear factor-κB by cinnamaldehyde (0–10 µg/ml) alone or in combination with lipopolysaccharide was assessed in THP1XBlue human monocytic cell line and in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Proliferation and secretion of cytokines (IL10 and TNFα) was determined in primary immune cells and the human cell lines (THP1, Jurkat E6-1 and Raji cell lines) stimulated with cinnamaldehyde alone or in conjunction with lipopolysaccharide. Nitric oxide was determined in mouse RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, different treated PBMCs were stained for CD3, CD20 and AnnexinV. Results Low concentrations (up to 1 µg/ml) of cinnamaldehyde resulted in a slight increase in nuclar factor-kB activation, whereas higher concentrations led to a dose-dependent decrease of nuclear factor-kB activation (up to 50%) in lipopolysachharide-stimulated THP1 cells and PBMCs. Accordingly, nitric oxide, interleukin 10 secretion as well as cell proliferation were reduced in lipopolysachharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, PBMCs and THP1, Raji and Jurkat-E6 immune cells in the presence of cinnamaldehyde in a concentration-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis of PBMCs revealed that CD3+ were more affected than CD20+ cells to apopotosis by cinnamaldehyde. Conclusion We attribute the anti-inflammatory properties of cinnamaldehyde to its ability to block nuclear factor-κB activation in immune cells. Treatment with cinnamaldehyde led to inhibition of cell viability, proliferation and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in primary and immortalized immune cells. Therefore, despite its described anti-carcinogenic property, treatment with cinnamaldehyde in cancer patients might be contraindicated due to its ability to inhibit immune cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Roth-Walter
- Comparative Medicine, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Moskovskich
- Comparative Medicine, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cristina Gomez-Casado
- Biotechnology Department, Center for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics, Technical University Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Araceli Diaz-Perales
- Biotechnology Department, Center for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics, Technical University Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kumiko Oida
- Comparative Medicine, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Josef Singer
- Comparative Immunology and Oncology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tamar Kinaciyan
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases (DIAID), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heidemarie C. Fuchs
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Comparative Medicine, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comparative Immunology and Oncology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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94
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Fu Y, Zhou E, Wei Z, Liang D, Wang W, Wang T, Guo M, Zhang N, Yang Z. Glycyrrhizin inhibits the inflammatory response in mouse mammary epithelial cells and a mouse mastitis model. FEBS J 2014; 281:2543-57. [PMID: 24698106 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Glycyrrhizin, a triterpene glycoside isolated from licorice root, is known to have anti-inflammatory activities. However, the effect of glycyrrhizin on mastitis has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of action of glycyrrhizin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mastitis in mouse. An LPS-induced mouse mastitis model was used to confirm the anti-inflammatory activity of glycyrrhizin in vivo. Primary mouse mammary epithelial cells were used to investigate the molecular mechanism and targets of glycyrrhizin. In vivo, glycyrrhizin significantly attenuated the mammary gland histopathological changes, myeloperoxidase activity and infiltration of neutrophilic granulocytes and downregulated the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 caused by LPS. In vitro, glycyrrhizin dose-dependently inhibited the LPS-induced expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, and RANTES. Western blot analysis showed that glycyrrhizin suppressed LPS-induced nuclear factor-κB and interferon regulatory factor 3 activation. However, glycyrrhizin did not inhibit nuclear factor-κB and interferon regulatory factor 3 activation induced by MyD88-dependent (MyD88, IKKβ) or TRIF-dependent (TRIF, TBK1) downstream signaling components. Moreover, glycyrrhizin did not act though affecting the function of CD14 or expression of Toll-like receptor 4. Finally, we showed that glycyrrhizin decreased the levels of cholesterol of lipid rafts and inhibited the translocation of Toll-like receptor 4 to lipid rafts. Moreover, glycyrrhizin activated ATP-binding cassette transporter A1, which could induce cholesterol efflux from lipid rafts. In conclusion, we find that the anti-inflammatory effects of glycyrrhizin may be attributable to its ability to activate ATP-binding cassette transporter A1. Glycyrrhizin might be a useful therapeutic reagent for the treatment of mastitis and other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhe Fu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, PR China
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95
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Faikoh EN, Hong YH, Hu SY. Liposome-encapsulated cinnamaldehyde enhances zebrafish (Danio rerio) immunity and survival when challenged with Vibrio vulnificus and Streptococcus agalactiae. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 38:15-24. [PMID: 24632045 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamaldehyde, which is extracted from cinnamon, is a natural compound with activity against bacteria and a modulatory immune function. However, the antibacterial activity and immunostimulation of cinnamaldehyde in fish has not been well investigated due to the compound's poor water solubility. Thus, liposome-encapsulated cinnamaldehyde (LEC) was used to evaluate the effects of cinnamaldehyde on in vitro antibacterial activity against aquatic pathogens and in vivo immunity and protection parameters against Vibrio vulnificus and Streptococcus agalactiae. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) as well as bactericidal agar plate assay results demonstrated the effective bacteriostatic and bactericidal potency of LEC against Aeromonas hydrophila, V. vulnificus, and S. agalactiae, as well as the antibiotic-resistant Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus. Bacteria challenge test results demonstrated that LEC significantly enhances the survival rate and inhibits bacterial growth in zebrafish infected with A. hydrophila, V. vulnificus, and S. agalactiae. A gene expression study using a real-time PCR showed that LEC immersion-treated zebrafish had increased endogenous interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-15, IL-21, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon (INF)-γ expression in vivo. After the zebrafish were infected with V. vulnificus or S. agalactiae, the LEC immersion treatment suppressed the expression of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-15, NF-κb, and TNF-α and induced IL-10 and C3b expression. These findings demonstrate that cinnamaldehyde exhibits antimicrobial activity against aquatic pathogens, even antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains and immune-stimulating effects to protect the host's defenses against pathogen infection in bacteria-infected zebrafish. These results suggest that LEC could be used as an antimicrobial agent and immunostimulant to protect bacteria-infected fish in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elok Ning Faikoh
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan; Department of Water Resources Management, Marine and Fisheries Faculty, University of Brawijaya, Indonesia
| | - Yong-Han Hong
- Department of Nutrition, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Yang Hu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan.
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96
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Cinnamon: a multifaceted medicinal plant. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:642942. [PMID: 24817901 PMCID: PMC4003790 DOI: 10.1155/2014/642942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum, and Cinnamon cassia), the eternal tree of tropical medicine, belongs to the Lauraceae family. Cinnamon is one of the most important spices used daily by people all over the world. Cinnamon primarily contains vital oils and other derivatives, such as cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid, and cinnamate. In addition to being an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anticancer, lipid-lowering, and cardiovascular-disease-lowering compound, cinnamon has also been reported to have activities against neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. This review illustrates the pharmacological prospective of cinnamon and its use in daily life.
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97
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Zhou L, Qi L, Jiang L, Zhou P, Ma J, Xu X, Li P. Antitumor activity of gemcitabine can be potentiated in pancreatic cancer through modulation of TLR4/NF-κB signaling by 6-shogaol. AAPS J 2014; 16:246-57. [PMID: 24424498 PMCID: PMC3933586 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-013-9558-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced pancreatic cancer still has a poor prognosis, even with the approval of several drugs, such as gemcitabine. Therefore, developing effective and safe antitumor agents is urgently needed. 6-Shogaol, a phenol extracted from ginger, has been linked to suppression of proliferation and survival of cancer with different mechanisms. In the present study, we investigated whether 6-shogaol could suppress pancreatic cancer progress and potentiate pancreatic cancer to gemcitabine treatment in vitro and in vivo. We found that 6-shogaol prevented the activation of toll like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-κB signaling. The modulation of NF-κB signaling by 6-shogaol was ascertained by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and western blot analysis. The suppression of NF-κB signaling and key cell survival regulators including COX-2, cyclinD1, survivin, cIAP-1, XIAP, Bcl-2, and MMP-9 brought the anti-proliferation effects in pancreatic cancer cells and sensitized them to gemcitabine treatment. Furthermore, in a pancreatic cancer xenograft model, we found a decreased proliferation index (Ki-67) and increased apoptosis by TUNEL staining in 6-shogaol treated tumors. It was also shown that 6-shogaol combined with gemcitabine treatment was more effective than drug alone, consistent with the downregulation of NF-κB activity along with its target genes COX-2, cyclinD1, survivin, cIAP-1, and XIAP. Overall, our results suggest that 6-shogaol can inhibit the growth of human pancreatic tumors and sensitize them to gemcitabine by suppressing of TLR4/NF-κB-mediated inflammatory pathways linked to tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Lianwen Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Lifeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Ping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Jiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009 China
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98
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Zhao H, Xie Y, Yang Q, Cao Y, Tu H, Cao W, Wang S. Pharmacokinetic study of cinnamaldehyde in rats by GC–MS after oral and intravenous administration. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 89:150-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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99
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A review on anti-inflammatory activity of phenylpropanoids found in essential oils. Molecules 2014; 19:1459-80. [PMID: 24473208 PMCID: PMC6270723 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19021459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for alternative drugs capable of disrupting the inflammatory process has become an important issue in scientific research, especially with reference to the use of natural substances and the reduction of undesirable side effects. Essential oils represent an important source of such substances, since their active constituents often exhibit an array of pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory activity. This review presents an overview of the anti-inflammatory action exerted by phenylpropanoids from essential oils and discusses possible mechanisms of action involved in the anti-inflammatory response, assessed through specific experimental models.
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100
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Suppression of TRIF-dependent signaling pathway of toll-like receptors by (E)-1-(2-(2-nitrovinyl)phenyl)pyrrolidine. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 721:109-15. [PMID: 24080550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in the recognition of microbial pathogens and induce innate immune responses. The recognition of microbial components by TLRs triggers the activation of myeloid differential factor 88 (MyD88)- and toll-interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter inducing interferon-β (TRIF)-dependent downstream signaling pathways. Previously, we synthesized (E)-1-(2-(2-nitrovinyl)phenyl)pyrrolidine (NVPP), which contains a nitrovinyl-phenyl and pyrrolidine. To evaluate the therapeutic potential of NVPP, its effect on signal transduction via the TRIF-dependent pathway of TLRs induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly[I:C]) was examined. NVPP inhibited LPS or poly[I:C]-induced activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), and the phosphorylation of IRF3, as well as inhibiting the activation of interferon-inducible genes such as interferon inducible protein-10 (IP-10). These results suggest that NVPP can modulate TRIF-dependent signaling pathways of TLRs, potentially resulting in effective therapeutics for chronic inflammatory diseases.
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