51
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Zhang K, Fan Y, Dunne N, Li X. Effect of microporosity on scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Regen Biomater 2018; 5:115-124. [PMID: 29644093 PMCID: PMC5887944 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rby001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microporosity has a critical role in improving the osteogenesis of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Although the exact mechanism, by which it promotes new bone formation, is not well recognized yet, the related hypothesis can be found in many previous studies. This review presents those possible mechanisms about how the microporosity enhances the osteogenic-related functions of cells in vitro and the osteogenic activity of scaffolds in vivo. In summary, the increased specific surface areas by microporosity can offer more protein adsorption sites and accelerate the release of degradation products, which facilitate the interactions between scaffolds and cells. Meanwhile, the unique surface properties of microporous scaffolds have a considerable effect on the protein adsorption. Moreover, capillary force generated by the microporosity can improve the attachment of bone-related cells on the scaffolds surface, and even make the cells achieve penetration into the micropores smaller than them. This review also pays attention to the relationship between the biological and mechanical properties of microporous scaffolds. Although lots of achievements have been obtained, there is still a lot of work to do, some of which has been proposed in the conclusions and perspectives part.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 102402, China
| | - Nicholas Dunne
- Centre for Medical Engineering Research, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Stokes Building, Collins Avenue, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 102402, China.,State Key Laboratory of New Ceramic and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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52
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Calcium Phosphate Bioceramics: Implications in Periodontal Bone Regeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1107:91-112. [PMID: 30105601 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In orthopedic medicine, a feasible reconstruction of bone structures remains one of the main challenges both for healthcare and for improvement of patients' quality of life. There is a growing interest in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) medical application, due to their multilineage differentiation potential, and tissue engineering integration to improve bone repair and regeneration. In this review we will describe the main characteristics of MSCs, such as osteogenesis, immunomodulation and antibacterial properties, key parameters to consider during bone repair strategies. Moreover, we describe the properties of calcium phosphate (CaP) bioceramics, which demonstrate to be useful tools in combination with MSCs, due to their biocompatibility, osseointegration and osteoconduction for bone repair and regeneration. Also, we overview the main characteristics of dental cavity MSCs, which are promising candidates, in combination with CaP bioceramics, for bone regeneration and tissue engineering. The understanding of MSCs biology and their interaction with CaP bioceramics and other biomaterials is critical for orthopedic surgical bone replacement, reconstruction and regeneration, which is an integrative and dynamic medical, scientific and bioengineering field of research and biotechnology.
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53
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Papastavrou E, Breedon P, Fairhurst D. Low-Temperature Deposition Modeling of β-TCP Scaffolds with Controlled Bimodal Porosity. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1758:41-54. [PMID: 29679321 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7741-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Low-temperature deposition modeling (LDM), otherwise termed freeze-form extrusion fabrication or rapid freeze prototyping, involves dispensing an aqueous-based ceramic paste or polymeric hydrogel along predefined paths in subzero ambient temperatures, followed by freeze-drying. The solidification of the material after the deposition of each layer enables large parts to be built without the need for organic binders, which can often have cytotoxic effects. Freeze-dried parts obtained from LDM typically exhibit pores with openings that range in average between 1 and 40 μm. The technique offers the ability to control their size distribution and orientation through varying a number of processing and material parameters. Herein, we describe the construction of an LDM system from readily available electromechanical components, as well as the preparation of a β-ΤCP paste formulation with the appropriate flow characteristics for fabricating hierarchical scaffolds with tailorable bimodal porosity for applications in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Papastavrou
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, England, UK
| | - P Breedon
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, England, UK.
| | - D Fairhurst
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, England, UK
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54
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Rh Owen G, Dard M, Larjava H. Hydoxyapatite/beta-tricalcium phosphate biphasic ceramics as regenerative material for the repair of complex bone defects. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2017; 106:2493-2512. [PMID: 29266701 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a composite material composed of collagen and calcium phosphate (CaP) mineral. The collagen gives bone its flexibility while the inorganic material gives bone its resilience. The CaP in bone is similar in composition and structure to the mineral hydroxyapatite (HA) and is bioactive, osteoinductive and osteoconductive. Therefore synthetic versions of bone apatite (BA) have been developed to address the demand for autologous bone graft substitutes. Synthetic HA (s-HA) are stiff and strong, but brittle. These lack of physical attributes limit the use of synthetic apatites in situations where no physical loading of the apatite occurs. s-HA chemical properties differ from BA and thus change the physical and mechanical properties of the material. Consequently, s-HA is more chemically stable than BA and thus its resorption rate is slower than the rate of bone regeneration. One solution to this problem is to introduce a faster resorbing CaP, such as β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), when synthesizing the material creating a biphasic (s-HA and β-TCP) formulation of calcium phosphate (BCP). The focus of this review is to introduce the major differences between BCP and biological apatites and how material scientists have overcome the inadequacies of the synthetic counterparts. Examples of BCP performance in vitro and in vivo following structural and chemical modifications are provided as well as novel ultrastructural data. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2493-2512, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gethin Rh Owen
- Department of Oral, Biological & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Michel Dard
- College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Hannu Larjava
- Department of Oral, Biological & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada
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55
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Babaie E, Bhaduri SB. Fabrication Aspects of Porous Biomaterials in Orthopedic Applications: A Review. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 4:1-39. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Babaie
- Department
of Bioengineering, Bioscience Research Collaborative, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Sarit B. Bhaduri
- Department
of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering and Division of Dentistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
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56
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Niu H, Lin D, Tang W, Ma Y, Duan B, Yuan Y, Liu C. Surface Topography Regulates Osteogenic Differentiation of MSCs via Crosstalk between FAK/MAPK and ILK/β-Catenin Pathways in a Hierarchically Porous Environment. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:3161-3175. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haoyi Niu
- Key
Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education and
The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, and ‡Engineering Research Center for
Biomaterials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Dan Lin
- Key
Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education and
The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, and ‡Engineering Research Center for
Biomaterials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Wei Tang
- Key
Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education and
The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, and ‡Engineering Research Center for
Biomaterials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Yifan Ma
- Key
Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education and
The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, and ‡Engineering Research Center for
Biomaterials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Bing Duan
- Key
Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education and
The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, and ‡Engineering Research Center for
Biomaterials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Key
Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education and
The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, and ‡Engineering Research Center for
Biomaterials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Changsheng Liu
- Key
Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education and
The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, and ‡Engineering Research Center for
Biomaterials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
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57
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Paris M, Götz A, Hettrich I, Bidan CM, Dunlop JWC, Razi H, Zizak I, Hutmacher DW, Fratzl P, Duda GN, Wagermaier W, Cipitria A. Scaffold curvature-mediated novel biomineralization process originates a continuous soft tissue-to-bone interface. Acta Biomater 2017; 60:64-80. [PMID: 28736221 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A myriad of shapes are found in biological tissues, often naturally evolved to fulfill a particular function. In the field of tissue engineering, substrate geometry influences cell behavior and tissue formation in vitro, yet little is known how this translates to an in vivo scenario. Here we investigate scaffold curvature-induced tissue growth, without additional growth factors or cells, in an ovine animal model. We show that soft tissue formation follows a curvature-driven tissue growth model. The highly organized endogenous soft matrix, potentially under mechanical strain, leads to a non-standard form of biomineralization, whereby the pre-existing organic matrix is mineralized without collagen remodeling and without an intermediate cartilage ossification phase. Micro- and nanoscale characterization of the tissue microstructure using histology, backscattered electron (BSE) and second-harmonic generation (SHG) imaging and synchrotron small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) revealed (i) continuous collagen fibers across the soft-hard tissue interface on the tip of mineralized cones, and (ii) bone remodeling by basic multicellular units (BMUs) in regions adjacent to the native cortical bone. Thus, features of soft tissue-to-bone interface resembling the insertion sites of ligaments and tendons into bone were created, using a scaffold that did not mimic the structural or biological gradients across such a complex interface at its mature state. This study provides fundamental knowledge for biomimetic scaffold design in the fields of bone regeneration and soft tissue-to-bone interface tissue engineering. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Geometry influences cell behavior and tissue formation in vitro. However, little is known how this translates to an in vivo scenario. Here we investigate the influence of scaffold mean surface curvature on in vivo tissue growth using an ovine animal model. Based on a multiscale tissue microstructure characterization, we show a seamless integration of soft tissue into newly formed bone, resembling the insertion sites of ligaments and tendons into bone. This interface was created using a scaffold without additional growth factors or cells that did not recapitulate the structural or biological gradients across such a complex tissue interface at its mature state. These findings have important implications for biomimetic scaffold design for bone regeneration and soft tissue-to-bone interface tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Paris
- Julius Wolff Institute & Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Götz
- Julius Wolff Institute & Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Inga Hettrich
- Julius Wolff Institute & Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Cécile M Bidan
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - John W C Dunlop
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Hajar Razi
- Julius Wolff Institute & Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ivo Zizak
- Helmholtz-Zentrum-Berlin für Materialien und Energie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dietmar W Hutmacher
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4049, Australia
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Georg N Duda
- Julius Wolff Institute & Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wagermaier
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Amaia Cipitria
- Julius Wolff Institute & Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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58
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Sweedy A, Bohner M, Baroud G. Multimodal analysis of in vivo resorbable CaP bone substitutes by combining histology, SEM, and microcomputed tomography data. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2017; 106:1567-1577. [PMID: 28766903 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This study introduced and demonstrated a new method to investigate the repair process of bone defects using micro- and macroporous beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) substitutes. Specifically, the new method combined and aligned histology, SEM, and preimplantation microcomputed tomography (mCT) data to accurately characterize tissue phases found in biopsies, and thus better understand the bone repair process. The results included (a) the exact fraction of ceramic remnants (CR); (b) the fraction of ceramic resorbed and substituted by bone (CSB); and (c) the fraction of ceramic resorbed and not substituted by bone (CNSB). The new method allowed in particular the detection and quantification of mineralized tissues within the 1-10 µm micropores of the ceramic ("micro-bone"). The utility of the new method was demonstrated by applying it on biopsies of two β-tricalcium phosphate bone substitute groups with two differing macropore sizes implanted in an ovine model for 6 weeks. The total bone deposition and ceramic resorption of the two substitute groups, having macropore sizes of 510 and 1220 μm, were 25.1 ± 8.1% and 67.5 ± 3.2%, and 24.4 ± 4.1% and 61.4 ± 6.5% for the group having the larger pore size. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1567-1577, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Sweedy
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Département de génie mécanique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Marc Bohner
- RMS Foundation, CH-2544, Bettlach, Switzerland
| | - Gamal Baroud
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Département de génie mécanique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
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59
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Babaie E, Lin B, Bhaduri SB. A new method to produce macroporous Mg-phosphate bone growth substitutes. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 75:602-609. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.02.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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60
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Preparation and characterization of amine functional nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan bionanocomposite for bone tissue engineering applications. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 164:200-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.01.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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61
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Macrotopographic closure promotes tissue growth and osteogenesis in vitro. Acta Biomater 2017; 53:536-548. [PMID: 28254365 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
While the impact of substrate topographies at nano- and microscale on bone cell behavior has been particularly well documented, very few studies have analyzed the role of substrate closure at a tissular level. Moreover, these have focused on matrix deposition rather than on osteoblastic differentiation. In the present work, mouse calvaria cells were grown for 15days on hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramics textured with three different macrogrooves shapes (**100µm): 1 sine and 2 triangle waveforms. We found that macrotopography favors cell attachment, and that bone-like tissue growth and organization are promoted by a tight "closure angle" of the substrate geometry. Interestingly, while Flat HA controls showed little marker expression at the end of the culture, cells grown on macrogrooves, and in particular the most closed (triangle waveform with a 517µm spatial period) showed a fast time-course of osteoblast differentiation, reaching high levels of gene and protein expression of osteocalcin and sclerostin, a marker of osteocytes. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Many in vitro studies have been conducted on topography at nano and microscale, fewer have focused on the influence of macrotopography on osteoblasts. Ceramics with a controlled architecture were obtained throught a 3D printing process and used to assess osteoblast behavior. Biocompatible, they allowed the long-terme survival of osteoblast cells and the laying of an important bone matrix. V-shaped grooves were found to accelerates osteoblast differentiation and promote bone-like tissue deposition and maturation (osteocyte formation), proportionately to angle closure. Such macrostructures are attractive for the design of innovative implants for bone tissue engineering and in vitro models of osteogenesis.
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62
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Bouler J, Pilet P, Gauthier O, Verron E. Biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics for bone reconstruction: A review of biological response. Acta Biomater 2017; 53:1-12. [PMID: 28159720 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Autologous bone graft is considered as the gold standard in bone reconstructive surgery. However, the quantity of bone available is limited and the harvesting procedure requires a second surgical site resulting in severe complications. Due to these limits, scientists and clinicians have considered alternatives to autologous bone graft. Calcium phosphates (CaPs) biomaterials including biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) ceramics have proven efficacy in numerous clinical indications. Their specific physico-chemical properties (HA/TCP ratio, dual porosity and subsequent interconnected architecture) control (regulate/condition) the progressive resorption and the bone substitution process. By describing the most significant biological responses reported in the last 30years, we review the main events that made their clinical success. We also discuss about their exciting future applications as osteoconductive scaffold for delivering various bioactive molecules or bone cells in bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Nowadays, BCPs are definitely considered as the gold standard of bone substitutes in bone reconstructive surgery. Among the numerous clinical studies in literature demonstrating the performance of BCP, Passuti et al. and Randsford et al. studies largely contributed to the emergence of the BCPs. It could be interesting to come back to the main events that made their success and could explain their large adhesion from scientists to clinicians. This paper aims to review the most significant biological responses reported in the last 30years, of these BCP-based materials. We also discuss about their exciting future applications as osteoconductive scaffold for delivering various bioactive molecules or bone cells in bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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63
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Polak SJ, Lee JS, Murphy WL, Tadier S, Grémillard L, Lightcap IV, Wagoner Johnson AJ. Microstructural control of modular peptide release from microporous biphasic calcium phosphate. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 72:268-277. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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64
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González-García DM, Téllez Jurado L, Jiménez-Gallegos R, Rodríguez-Lorenzo LM. Novel non-cytotoxic, bioactive and biodegradable hybrid materials based on polyurethanes/TiO 2 for biomedical applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 75:375-384. [PMID: 28415475 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Titanium compounds have demonstrated great interfacial properties with biological tissues whereas a wide variety of polyurethanes have also been successfully probed in medical applications. However, studies about hybrids based on polyurethanes/TiO2 for medical applications are scarce. The aim of this work is to design novel biodegradable hybrid materials based on polyurethanes/TiO2 (80% organic-20% inorganic) and to perform a preliminary study of the potential applications in bone regeneration. The hybrids have been prepared by a sol-gel reaction using titanium isopropoxide as precursor of the inorganic component and polyurethane as the organic one. A series of polyurethanes has been prepared using different polyesters glycol succinate as soft segment, and 1,6-diisocyanatohexane (HDI) and butanediol (BD) as linear hard segment. The spectroscopy techniques used allow to confirm the formation of the required polyurethanes by the identification of bands related to carboxylic groups (COOH), and the amine groups (NH), and also the TiOH bonds and the bonds related to the interconnected network between the inorganic and the organic components from hybrids. The results from SEM/EDS show a homogeneous distribution of the inorganic component into the organic matrix. The nontoxic character of the hybrid (H400) was probed using MG-63 cell line with over 90% of cell viability. Finally, the formation of a hydroxyapatite layer in the material surface after 21days of soaking in SBF shows the bioactive character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce M González-García
- Departamento de Ingeniería Metalúrgica, ESIQIE, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, UPALM-Zacatenco, Col Lindavista, CP 07738 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - L Téllez Jurado
- Departamento de Ingeniería Metalúrgica, ESIQIE, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, UPALM-Zacatenco, Col Lindavista, CP 07738 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - R Jiménez-Gallegos
- Departamento de Ingeniería Metalúrgica, ESIQIE, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, UPALM-Zacatenco, Col Lindavista, CP 07738 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis M Rodríguez-Lorenzo
- Grupo de Biomateriales, ICTP-CSIC, Calle Juan de la Cierva 3, CP 28006 Madrid, Spain; CIBER-BBN, C. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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65
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Duan B, Niu H, Zhang W, Ma Y, Yuan Y, Liu C. Microporous density-mediated response of MSCs on 3D trimodal macro/micro/nano-porous scaffolds via fibronectin/integrin and FAK/MAPK signaling pathways. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:3586-3599. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00041c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Microporous density influences cellular behaviors through mediating Fn–integrin interaction and FA formation, consequently resulting in FAK/MAPK cascade activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Duan
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education and The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials of Ministry of Education
| | - Haoyi Niu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education and The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials of Ministry of Education
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education and The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Yifan Ma
- Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials of Ministry of Education
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education and The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials of Ministry of Education
| | - Changsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education and The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials of Ministry of Education
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66
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Rustom LE, Boudou T, Nemke BW, Lu Y, Hoelzle DJ, Markel MD, Picart C, Wagoner Johnson AJ. Multiscale Porosity Directs Bone Regeneration in Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Scaffolds. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 3:2768-2778. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence E. Rustom
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 1270 Digital Computer Laboratory, MC-278, 1304
West Springfield Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Le
Laboratoire des Matériaux et du Génie Physique (LMGP), University Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas Boudou
- Le
Laboratoire des Matériaux et du Génie Physique (LMGP), University Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS
UMR 5628 (LMGP), Grenoble Institute of Technology, 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016 Grenoble, France
| | - Brett W. Nemke
- School
of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Yan Lu
- School
of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - David J. Hoelzle
- Department
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Ohio State University, 201 W 19th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Mark D. Markel
- School
of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Catherine Picart
- Le
Laboratoire des Matériaux et du Génie Physique (LMGP), University Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS
UMR 5628 (LMGP), Grenoble Institute of Technology, 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016 Grenoble, France
| | - Amy J. Wagoner Johnson
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 1270 Digital Computer Laboratory, MC-278, 1304
West Springfield Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Le
Laboratoire des Matériaux et du Génie Physique (LMGP), University Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Department
of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 1206 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Motealleh A, Eqtesadi S, Perera FH, Pajares A, Guiberteau F, Miranda P. Understanding the role of dip-coating process parameters in the mechanical performance of polymer-coated bioglass robocast scaffolds. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 64:253-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Rustom LE, Boudou T, Lou S, Pignot-Paintrand I, Nemke BW, Lu Y, Markel MD, Picart C, Wagoner Johnson AJ. Micropore-induced capillarity enhances bone distribution in vivo in biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds. Acta Biomater 2016; 44:144-54. [PMID: 27544807 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The increasing demand for bone repair solutions calls for the development of efficacious bone scaffolds. Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) scaffolds with both macropores and micropores (MP) have improved healing compared to those with macropores and no micropores (NMP), but the role of micropores is unclear. Here, we evaluate capillarity induced by micropores as a mechanism that can affect bone growth in vivo. Three groups of cylindrical scaffolds were implanted in pig mandibles for three weeks: MP were implanted either dry (MP-Dry), or after submersion in phosphate buffered saline, which fills pores with fluid and therefore suppresses micropore-induced capillarity (MP-Wet); NMP were implanted dry. The amount and distribution of bone in the scaffolds were quantified using micro-computed tomography. MP-Dry had a more homogeneous bone distribution than MP-Wet, although the average bone volume fraction, BVF‾, was not significantly different for these two groups (0.45±0.03 and 0.37±0.03, respectively). There was no significant difference in the radial bone distribution of NMP and MP-Wet, but the BVF‾, of NMP was significantly lower among the three groups (0.25±0.02). These results suggest that micropore-induced capillarity enhances bone regeneration by improving the homogeneity of bone distribution in BCP scaffolds. The explicit design and use of capillarity in bone scaffolds may lead to more effective treatments of large and complex bone defects. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The increasing demand for bone repair calls for more efficacious bone scaffolds and calcium phosphate-based materials are considered suitable for this application. Macropores (>100μm) are necessary for bone ingrowth and vascularization. However, studies have shown that microporosity (<20μm) also enhances growth, but there is no consensus on the controlling mechanisms. In previous in vitro work, we suggested that micropore-induced capillarity had the potential to enhance bone growth in vivo. This work illustrates the positive effects of capillarity on bone regeneration in vivo; it demonstrates that micropore-induced capillarity significantly enhances the bone distribution in the scaffold. The results will impact the design of scaffolds to better exploit capillarity and improve treatments for large and load-bearing bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence E Rustom
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1270 Digital Computer Laboratory, MC-278, 1304 West Springfield Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; University Grenoble Alpes, LMGP, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Thomas Boudou
- University Grenoble Alpes, LMGP, 38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016 Grenoble, France.
| | - Siyu Lou
- University Grenoble Alpes, LMGP, 38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016 Grenoble, France; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240 Shanghai, China.
| | - Isabelle Pignot-Paintrand
- University Grenoble Alpes, LMGP, 38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016 Grenoble, France.
| | - Brett W Nemke
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Yan Lu
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Mark D Markel
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Catherine Picart
- University Grenoble Alpes, LMGP, 38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016 Grenoble, France.
| | - Amy J Wagoner Johnson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1270 Digital Computer Laboratory, MC-278, 1304 West Springfield Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; University Grenoble Alpes, LMGP, 38000 Grenoble, France; Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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69
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Shavandi A, Wilton V, Bekhit AEDA. Synthesis of macro and micro porous hydroxyapatite (HA) structure from waste kina ( Evechinus chloroticus ) shells. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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70
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Bose S, Tarafder S, Bandyopadhyay A. Effect of Chemistry on Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis Towards Bone Tissue Engineering Using 3D Printed Scaffolds. Ann Biomed Eng 2016; 45:261-272. [PMID: 27287311 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-016-1646-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The functionality or survival of tissue engineering constructs depends on the adequate vascularization through oxygen transport and metabolic waste removal at the core. This study reports the presence of magnesium and silicon in direct three dimensional printed (3DP) tricalcium phosphate (TCP) scaffolds promotes in vivo osteogenesis and angiogenesis when tested in rat distal femoral defect model. Scaffolds with three different interconnected macro pore sizes were fabricated using direct three dimensional printing. In vitro ion release in phosphate buffer for 30 days showed sustained Mg2+ and Si4+ release from these scaffolds. Histolomorphology and histomorphometric analysis from the histology tissue sections revealed a significantly higher bone formation, between 14 and 20% for 4-16 weeks, and blood vessel formation, between 3 and 6% for 4-12 weeks, due to the presence of magnesium and silicon in TCP scaffolds compared to bare TCP scaffolds. The presence of magnesium in these 3DP TCP scaffolds also caused delayed TRAP activity. These results show that magnesium and silicon incorporated 3DP TCP scaffolds with multiscale porosity have huge potential for bone tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Bose
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
| | - Solaiman Tarafder
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Amit Bandyopadhyay
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
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Gerges I, Tamplenizza M, Lopa S, Recordati C, Martello F, Tocchio A, Ricotti L, Arrigoni C, Milani P, Moretti M, Lenardi C. Creep-resistant dextran-based polyurethane foam as a candidate scaffold for bone tissue engineering: Synthesis, chemico-physical characterization, and in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2016.1163565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Gerges
- Fondazione Filarete per le Bioscienze e l’innovazione, Milan, Italy
- Tensive s.r.l., Milan, Italy
| | - M. Tamplenizza
- Fondazione Filarete per le Bioscienze e l’innovazione, Milan, Italy
- Tensive s.r.l., Milan, Italy
| | - S. Lopa
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - C. Recordati
- Fondazione Filarete per le Bioscienze e l’innovazione, Milan, Italy
| | - F. Martello
- Fondazione Filarete per le Bioscienze e l’innovazione, Milan, Italy
- Tensive s.r.l., Milan, Italy
| | - A. Tocchio
- SEMM, European School of Molecular Medicine, Campus IFOM-IEO, Milano, Italy
| | - L. Ricotti
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pontedera, Italy
| | - C. Arrigoni
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - P. Milani
- Fondazione Filarete per le Bioscienze e l’innovazione, Milan, Italy
- CIMAINA, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M. Moretti
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Milan, Italy
- Regenerative Medicine Technologies Lab, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), Taverne, Switzerland
- Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - C. Lenardi
- Fondazione Filarete per le Bioscienze e l’innovazione, Milan, Italy
- CIMAINA, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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72
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Sharma C, Dinda AK, Potdar PD, Chou CF, Mishra NC. Fabrication and characterization of novel nano-biocomposite scaffold of chitosan-gelatin-alginate-hydroxyapatite for bone tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 64:416-427. [PMID: 27127072 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A novel nano-biocomposite scaffold was fabricated in bead form by applying simple foaming method, using a combination of natural polymers-chitosan, gelatin, alginate and a bioceramic-nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp). This approach of combining nHAp with natural polymers to fabricate the composite scaffold, can provide good mechanical strength and biological property mimicking natural bone. Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) images of the nano-biocomposite scaffold revealed the presence of interconnected pores, mostly spread over the whole surface of the scaffold. The nHAp particulates have covered the surface of the composite matrix and made the surface of the scaffold rougher. The scaffold has a porosity of 82% with a mean pore size of 112±19.0μm. Swelling and degradation studies of the scaffold showed that the scaffold possesses excellent properties of hydrophilicity and biodegradability. Short term mechanical testing of the scaffold does not reveal any rupturing after agitation under physiological conditions, which is an indicative of good mechanical stability of the scaffold. In vitro cell culture studies by seeding osteoblast cells over the composite scaffold showed good cell viability, proliferation rate, adhesion and maintenance of osteoblastic phenotype as indicated by MTT assay, ESEM of cell-scaffold construct, histological staining and gene expression studies, respectively. Thus, it could be stated that the nano-biocomposite scaffold of chitosan-gelatin-alginate-nHAp has the paramount importance for applications in bone tissue-engineering in future regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhavi Sharma
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India.
| | - Amit Kumar Dinda
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biology, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai 400 026, India.
| | - Pravin D Potdar
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
| | - Chia-Fu Chou
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Narayan Chandra Mishra
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India.
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73
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Clarke SA, Choi SY, McKechnie M, Burke G, Dunne N, Walker G, Cunningham E, Buchanan F. Osteogenic cell response to 3-D hydroxyapatite scaffolds developed via replication of natural marine sponges. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2016; 27:22. [PMID: 26704539 PMCID: PMC4690835 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5630-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering may provide an alternative to autograft, however scaffold optimisation is required to maximize bone ingrowth. In designing scaffolds, pore architecture is important and there is evidence that cells prefer a degree of non-uniformity. The aim of this study was to compare scaffolds derived from a natural porous marine sponge (Spongia agaricina) with unique architecture to those derived from a synthetic polyurethane foam. Hydroxyapatite scaffolds of 1 cm(3) were prepared via ceramic infiltration of a marine sponge and a polyurethane (PU) foam. Human foetal osteoblasts (hFOB) were seeded at 1 × 10(5) cells/scaffold for up to 14 days. Cytotoxicity, cell number, morphology and differentiation were investigated. PU-derived scaffolds had 84-91% porosity and 99.99% pore interconnectivity. In comparison marine sponge-derived scaffolds had 56-61% porosity and 99.9% pore interconnectivity. hFOB studies showed that a greater number of cells were found on marine sponge-derived scaffolds at than on the PU scaffold but there was no significant difference in cell differentiation. X-ray diffraction and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry showed that Si ions were released from the marine-derived scaffold. In summary, three dimensional porous constructs have been manufactured that support cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation but significantly more cells were seen on marine-derived scaffolds. This could be due both to the chemistry and pore architecture of the scaffolds with an additional biological stimulus from presence of Si ions. Further in vivo tests in orthotopic models are required but this marine-derived scaffold shows promise for applications in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Clarke
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University of Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - S Y Choi
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Queen's University of Belfast, Ashby Building, 121 Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AH, UK
| | - Melanie McKechnie
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University of Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - G Burke
- Engineering Research Institute, School of Engineering, Ulster University, Jordanstown Campus, Shore Rd, Newtownabbey, BT37 0QB, UK
| | - N Dunne
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Queen's University of Belfast, Ashby Building, 121 Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AH, UK
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, 9, Ireland
| | - G Walker
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Queen's University of Belfast, Ashby Building, 121 Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AH, UK
| | - E Cunningham
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Queen's University of Belfast, Ashby Building, 121 Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AH, UK
| | - F Buchanan
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Queen's University of Belfast, Ashby Building, 121 Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AH, UK
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74
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Xie Y, Rustom LE, McDermott AM, Boerckel JD, Johnson AJW, Alleyne AG, Hoelzle DJ. Net shape fabrication of calcium phosphate scaffolds with multiple material domains. Biofabrication 2016; 8:015005. [PMID: 26744897 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/8/1/015005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate (CaP) materials have been proven to be efficacious as bone scaffold materials, but are difficult to fabricate into complex architectures because of the high processing temperatures required. In contrast, polymeric materials are easily formed into scaffolds with near-net-shape forms of patient-specific defects and with domains of different materials; however, they have reduced load-bearing capacity compared to CaPs. To preserve the merits of CaP scaffolds and enable advanced scaffold manufacturing, this manuscript describes an additive manufacturing process that is coupled with a mold support for overhanging features; we demonstrate that this process enables the fabrication of CaP scaffolds that have both complex, near-net-shape contours and distinct domains with different microstructures. First, we use a set of canonical structures to study the manufacture of complex contours and distinct regions of different material domains within a mold. We then apply these capabilities to the fabrication of a scaffold that is designed for a 5 cm orbital socket defect. This scaffold has complex external contours, interconnected porosity on the order of 300 μm throughout, and two distinct domains of different material microstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangmin Xie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, School of Mechatronics Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, 200444
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Gariboldi MI, Best SM. Effect of Ceramic Scaffold Architectural Parameters on Biological Response. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2015; 3:151. [PMID: 26501056 PMCID: PMC4598804 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have focused on the optimization of ceramic architectures to fulfill a variety of scaffold functional requirements and improve biological response. Conventional fabrication techniques, however, do not allow for the production of geometrically controlled, reproducible structures and often fail to allow the independent variation of individual geometric parameters. Current developments in additive manufacturing technologies suggest that 3D printing will allow a more controlled and systematic exploration of scaffold architectures. This more direct translation of design into structure requires a pipeline for design-driven optimization. A theoretical framework for systematic design and evaluation of architectural parameters on biological response is presented. Four levels of architecture are considered, namely (1) surface topography, (2) pore size and geometry, (3) porous networks, and (4) macroscopic pore arrangement, including the potential for spatially varied architectures. Studies exploring the effect of various parameters within these levels are reviewed. This framework will hopefully allow uncovering of new relationships between architecture and biological response in a more systematic way as well as inform future refinement of fabrication techniques to fulfill architectural necessities with a consideration of biological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Isabella Gariboldi
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Cambridge Centre for Medical Materials, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Serena M. Best
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Cambridge Centre for Medical Materials, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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77
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Sharma C, Dinda AK, Potdar PD, Mishra NC. Fabrication of quaternary composite scaffold from silk fibroin, chitosan, gelatin, and alginate for skin regeneration. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chhavi Sharma
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee; Roorkee 247001 India
| | - Amit K. Dinda
- Department of Pathology; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi 110029 India
| | - Pravin D. Potdar
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biology; Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre; Mumbai 400 026 India
| | - Narayan C. Mishra
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee; Roorkee 247001 India
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78
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Del Rosario C, Rodríguez-Évora M, Reyes R, Delgado A, Évora C. BMP-2, PDGF-BB, and bone marrow mesenchymal cells in a macroporous β-TCP scaffold for critical-size bone defect repair in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [PMID: 26201844 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/10/4/045008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the bone repair induced by bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB) incorporated in a macroporous beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) system fabricated by robocasting, and to identify the most beneficial combination in a critical rat calvaria defect. BMP-2 was formulated in microspheres to provide a prolonged, local concentration, whereas PDGF-BB, which acts during the initial stage of defect repair, was incorporated in a thin layer of crosslinked alginate. Approximately 80% of PDGF-BB and 90% of BMP-2 were released into the defect during the first 2 d and 3 weeks, respectively. Histological analyses indicated a minor synergistic effect in the BMP-2-MSC groups. In contrast, significant antagonism was found with combined BMP-2 and PDGF-BB defect treatment. The high-grade repair induced by BMP-2 rules out any advantage from combining BMP-2 with PDGF-BB or MSCs, at least with this scaffold and defect model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Del Rosario
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain
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79
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Daculsi G. Smart scaffolds: the future of bioceramic. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2015; 26:154. [PMID: 25779511 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5482-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The commercial offer for bioceramic bone substitutes is very large, however, the prerequisites for applications in bone reconstruction and tissue engineering, are most often absent. The main criteria being: on the one hand physico-chemical features providing surgeons with an injectable and/or shapeable biomaterial; on the second hand the multi-scale bioactivity leading to osteoconduction and osteoinduction properties. In order to obtain greater suitability according to the nature of the bone defect to be treated, new bone regeneration technologies, "smart scaffolds" must be developed and optimize to support suitable Ortho Biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Daculsi
- INSERM U791, Laboratory for Osteoarticular and Dental Tissue Engineering, Dental Faculty, Nantes University, Place A. Ricordeau, 44042, Nantes, France,
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80
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Bouet G, Marchat D, Cruel M, Malaval L, Vico L. In VitroThree-Dimensional Bone Tissue Models: From Cells to Controlled and Dynamic Environment. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2015; 21:133-56. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2013.0682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guenaelle Bouet
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Tissu Osseux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale—U1059, Université de Lyon—Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - David Marchat
- Center for Biomedical and Healthcare Engineering, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CIS-EMSE, CNRS:UMR 5307, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Magali Cruel
- University of Lyon, LTDS, UMR CNRS 5513, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Ecully, France
| | - Luc Malaval
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Tissu Osseux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale—U1059, Université de Lyon—Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Laurence Vico
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Tissu Osseux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale—U1059, Université de Lyon—Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
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81
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Li JJ, Kaplan DL, Zreiqat H. Scaffold-based regeneration of skeletal tissues to meet clinical challenges. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:7272-7306. [PMID: 32261954 DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01073f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The management and reconstruction of damaged or diseased skeletal tissues have remained a significant global healthcare challenge. The limited efficacy of conventional treatment strategies for large bone, cartilage and osteochondral defects has inspired the development of scaffold-based tissue engineering solutions, with the aim of achieving complete biological and functional restoration of the affected tissue in the presence of a supporting matrix. Nevertheless, significant regulatory hurdles have rendered the clinical translation of novel scaffold designs to be an inefficient process, mainly due to the difficulties of arriving at a simple, reproducible and effective solution that does not rely on the incorporation of cells and/or bioactive molecules. In the context of the current clinical situation and recent research advances, this review will discuss scaffold-based strategies for the regeneration of skeletal tissues, with focus on the contribution of bioactive ceramic scaffolds and silk fibroin, and combinations thereof, towards the development of clinically viable solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Jiao Li
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of AMME, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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82
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Wang Z, Wang K, Lu X, Li M, Liu H, Xie C, Meng F, Jiang O, Li C, Zhi W. BMP-2 encapsulated polysaccharide nanoparticle modified biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:1520-32. [PMID: 25100662 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphology protein-2 (BMP-2) encapsulated chitosan/chondrotin sulfate nanoparticles (CHI/CS NPs) are developed to enhance ectopic bone formation on biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) scaffolds. BMP-2 contained CHI/CS NPs were prepared by a simple and mild polyelectrolyte complexation process. It does not involve harsh organic solvents and high temperature, and therefore retain growth factors activity. These NPs were immobilized on BCP scaffolds, and realize the sustained release of growth factors from the scaffolds. The bare BCP scaffolds, NP loaded scaffolds (BCP-NP), and NP loaded and polydopamine coated scaffolds (BCP-Dop-NP) were seeded with bone marrow stroma cells (BMSC) to evaluate the osteoinductivity of the scaffolds. BMSC culture results indicate that all scaffolds favor cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation. Afterwards, the bare BCP, BCP-NP, and BCP-Dop-NP scaffolds were implanted into rabbits intramuscularly to evaluate the ectopic bone formation of scaffolds. In vivo results indicate that the BCP-NP and BCP-Dop-NP scaffolds enhance more ectopic bone formation than the bare BCP scaffolds. Both the in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that BMP-2 encapsulated polysaccharide NPs are effective to improve the osteoinductivity of the scaffolds. In addition, BCP-NP scaffolds induce more bone formation than BCP-Dop-NP scaffolds. This is because BCP-NP scaffolds harness the intrinsic osteoinductivity BCP and BMP-2, whereas BCP-Dop-NP scaffolds have polydopamine coatings that inhibit the surfaces biological features of BCP scaffolds, and therefore weaken the bone formation ability of scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenming Wang
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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83
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Tarafder S, Bose S. Polycaprolactone-coated 3D printed tricalcium phosphate scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: in vitro alendronate release behavior and local delivery effect on in vivo osteogenesis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:9955-65. [PMID: 24826838 PMCID: PMC4095936 DOI: 10.1021/am501048n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of in vitro alendronate (AD) release behavior through polycaprolactone (PCL) coating on in vivo bone formation using PCL-coated 3D printed interconnected porous tricalcium phosphate (TCP) scaffolds. Higher AD and Ca(2+) ion release was observed at lower pH (5.0) than that at higher pH (7.4). AD and Ca(2+) release, surface morphology, and phase analysis after release indicated a matrix degradation dominated AD release caused by TCP dissolution. PCL coating showed its effectiveness for controlled and sustained AD release. Six different scaffold compositions, namely, (i) TCP (bare TCP), (ii) TCP + AD (AD-coated TCP), (iii) TCP + PCL (PCL-coated TCP), (iv) TCP + PCL + AD, (v) TCP + AD + PCL, and (vi) TCP + AD + PCL + AD were tested in the distal femoral defect of Sprague-Dawley rats for 6 and 10 weeks. An excellent bone formation inside the micro and macro pores of the scaffolds was observed from histomorphology. Histomorphometric analysis revealed maximum new bone formation in TCP + AD + PCL scaffolds after 6 weeks. No adverse effect of PCL on bioactivity of TCP and in vivo bone formation was observed. All scaffolds with AD showed higher bone formation and reduced TRAP (tartrate resistant acid phosphatase) positive cells activity compared to bare TCP and TCP coated with only PCL. Bare TCP scaffolds showed the highest TRAP positive cells activity followed by TCP + PCL scaffolds, whereas TCP + AD scaffolds showed the lowest TRAP activity. A higher TRAP positive cells activity was observed in TCP + AD + PCL compared to TCP + AD scaffolds after 6 weeks. Our results show that in vivo local AD delivery from PCL-coated 3DP TCP scaffolds could further induce increased early bone formation.
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84
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Tarafder S, Dernell WS, Bandyopadhyay A, Bose S. SrO- and MgO-doped microwave sintered 3D printed tricalcium phosphate scaffolds: mechanical properties and in vivo osteogenesis in a rabbit model. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2014; 103:679-90. [PMID: 25045131 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The presence of interconnected macro pores allows guided tissue regeneration in tissue engineering scaffolds. However, highly porous scaffolds suffer from having poor mechanical strength. Previously, we showed that microwave sintering could successfully be used to improve mechanical strength of macro porous tricalcium phosphate (TCP) scaffolds. This study reports the presence of SrO and MgO as dopants in TCP scaffolds improves mechanical and in vivo biological performance. We have used direct three dimensional printing (3DP) technology for scaffold fabrication. These 3DP scaffolds possessed multiscale porosity, that is, 3D interconnected designed macro pores along with intrinsic micro pores. A significant increase in mechanical strength, between 37 and 41%, was achieved due to SrO and MgO doping in TCP as compared with pure TCP. Maximum compressive strengths of 9.38 ± 1.86 MPa and 12.01 ± 1.56 MPa were achieved by conventional and microwave sintering, respectively, for SrO-MgO-doped 3DP scaffolds with 500 μm designed pores. Histomorphological and histomorphometric analysis revealed a significantly higher osteoid, bone and haversian canal formation induced by the presence of SrO and MgO dopants in 3DP TCP as compared with pure TCP scaffolds when tested in rabbit femoral condyle defect model. Increased osteon and thus enhanced network of blood vessel formation, and osteocalcin expression were observed in the doped TCP scaffolds. Our results show that these 3DP SrO-MgO-doped TCP scaffolds have the potential for early wound healing through accelerated osteogenesis and vasculogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solaiman Tarafder
- W.M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, 99164
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85
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Zhang J, Luo X, Barbieri D, Barradas AMC, de Bruijn JD, van Blitterswijk CA, Yuan H. The size of surface microstructures as an osteogenic factor in calcium phosphate ceramics. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:3254-63. [PMID: 24681376 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The microporosity of calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramics has been shown to have an essential role in osteoinduction by CaP ceramics after ectopic implantation. Here we show that it is not the microporosity but the size of surface microstructural features that is the most likely osteogenic factor. Two tricalcium phosphate (TCP) ceramics, namely TCP-S and TCP-B, were fabricated with equivalent chemistry and similar microporosity but different sizes of surface microstructural features. TCP-S has a grain size of 0.99 ± 0.20 μm and a micropore size of 0.65 ± 0.25 μm, while TCP-B displays a grain size of 3.08 ± 0.52 μm and a micropore size of 1.58 ± 0.65 μm. In vitro, both cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation were significantly enhanced when human bone marrow stromal cells were cultured on TCP-S without any osteogenic growth factors, compared to TCP-B ceramic granules. The possible involvement of direct contact between cells and the TCP ceramic surface in osteogenic differentiation is also shown with a trans-well culture model. When the ceramic granules were implanted in paraspinal muscle of dogs for 12 weeks, abundant bone was formed in TCP-S (21 ± 10% bone in the available space), whereas no bone was formed in any of the TCP-B implants. The current in vitro and in vivo data reveal that the readily controllable cue, i.e. the size of the surface microstructure, could be sufficient to induce osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, ultimately leading to ectopic bone formation in calcium phosphate ceramics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Zhang
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands; Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoman Luo
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands; Xpand Biotechnology BV, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ana M C Barradas
- Department of Medical Cell Biophysics, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Joost D de Bruijn
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands; Xpand Biotechnology BV, Bilthoven, The Netherlands; School of Engineering and Materials Science (SEMS), Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Clemens A van Blitterswijk
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Huipin Yuan
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands; Xpand Biotechnology BV, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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86
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Abstract
Bone defects requiring grafts to promote healing are frequently occurring and costly problems in health care. Chitosan, a biodegradable, naturally occurring polymer, has drawn considerable attention in recent years as scaffolding material in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Chitosan is especially attractive as a bone scaffold material because it supports the attachment and proliferation of osteoblast cells as well as formation of mineralized bone matrix. In this review, we discuss the fundamentals of bone tissue engineering and the unique properties of chitosan as a scaffolding material to treat bone defects for hard tissue regeneration. We present the common methods for fabrication and characterization of chitosan scaffolds, and discuss the influence of material preparation and addition of polymeric or ceramic components or biomolecules on chitosan scaffold properties such as mechanical strength, structural integrity, and functional bone regeneration. Finally, we highlight recent advances in development of chitosan-based scaffolds with enhanced bone regeneration capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheeny Lan Levengood
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Miqin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
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87
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Calcium phosphate based three-dimensional cold plotted bone scaffolds for critical size bone defects. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:852610. [PMID: 24719891 PMCID: PMC3955683 DOI: 10.1155/2014/852610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bone substitutes, like calcium phosphate, are implemented more frequently in orthopaedic surgery to reconstruct critical size defects, since autograft often results in donor site morbidity and allograft can transmit diseases. A novel bone cement, based on β-tricalcium phosphate, polyethylene glycol, and trisodium citrate, was developed to allow the rapid manufacturing of scaffolds, by extrusion freeform fabrication, at room temperature. The cement composition exhibits good resorption properties and serves as a basis for customised (e.g., drug or growth factor loaded) scaffolds for critical size bone defects. In vitro toxicity tests confirmed proliferation and differentiation of ATDC5 cells in scaffold-conditioned culture medium. Implantation of scaffolds in the iliac wing of sheep showed bone remodelling throughout the defects, outperforming the empty defects on both mineral volume and density present in the defect after 12 weeks. Both scaffolds outperformed the autograft filled defects on mineral density, while the mineral volume present in the scaffold treated defects was at least equal to the mineral volume present in the autograft treated defects. We conclude that the formulated bone cement composition is suitable for scaffold production at room temperature and that the established scaffold material can serve as a basis for future bone substitutes to enhance de novo bone formation in critical size defects.
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88
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Braem A, Chaudhari A, Vivan Cardoso M, Schrooten J, Duyck J, Vleugels J. Peri- and intra-implant bone response to microporous Ti coatings with surface modification. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:986-95. [PMID: 24161385 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bone growth on and into implants exhibiting substantial surface porosity is a promising strategy in order to improve the long-term stable fixation of bone implants. However, the reliability in clinical applications remains a point of discussion. Most attention has been dedicated to the role of macroporosity, leading to the general consensus of a minimal pore size of 50-100 μm in order to allow bone ingrowth. In this in vivo study, we assessed the feasibility of early bone ingrowth into a predominantly microporous Ti coating with an average thickness of 150 μm and the hypothesis of improving the bone response through surface modification of the porous coating. Implants were placed in the cortical bone of rabbit tibiae for periods of 2 and 4 weeks and evaluated histologically and histomorphometrically using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Bone with osteocytes encased in the mineralized matrix was found throughout the porous Ti coating up to the coating/substrate interface, highlighting that osseointegration of microporosities (<10 μm) was achievable. The bone trabeculae interweaved with the pore struts, establishing a large contact area which might enable an improved load transfer and stronger implant/bone interface. Furthermore, there was a clear interconnection with the surrounding cortical bone, suggesting that mechanical interlocking of the coating in the host bone in the long term is possible. When surface modifications inside the porous structure further reduced the interconnective pore size to the submicrometer level, bone ingrowth was impaired. On the other hand, application of a sol-gel-derived bioactive glass-ceramic coating without altering the pore characteristics was found to significantly improve bone regeneration around the coating, while still supporting bone ingrowth.
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89
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RhBMP-2-loaded calcium silicate/calcium phosphate cement scaffold with hierarchically porous structure for enhanced bone tissue regeneration. Biomaterials 2013; 34:9381-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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90
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Tarafder S, Davies NM, Bandyopadhyay A, Bose S. 3D printed tricalcium phosphate scaffolds: Effect of SrO and MgO doping on in vivo osteogenesis in a rat distal femoral defect model. Biomater Sci 2013; 1:1250-1259. [PMID: 24729867 PMCID: PMC3979641 DOI: 10.1039/c3bm60132c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The presence of interconnected macro pores is important in tissue engineering scaffolds for guided tissue regeneration. This study reports in vivo biological performance of interconnected macro porous tricalcium phosphate (TCP) scaffolds due to the addition of SrO and MgO as dopants in TCP. We have used direct three dimensional printing (3DP) technology for scaffold fabrication followed by microwave sintering. Mechanical strength was evaluated by scaffolds with 500 µm, 750 µm, and 1000 µm interconnected designed pore sizes. Maximum compressive strength of 12.01 ± 1.56 MPa was achieved for 500 µm interconnected designed pore size Sr-Mg doped scaffold. In vivo biological performance of the microwave sintered pure TCP and Sr-Mg doped TCP scaffolds was assessed by implanting 350 µm designed interconnected macro porous scaffolds in rat distal femoral defect. Sintered pore size of these 3D printed scaffolds were 311 ± 5.9 µm and 245 ± 7.5 µm for pure and SrO-MgO doped TCP scaffolds, respectively. These 3D printed scaffolds possessed multiscale porosity, i.e., 3D interconnected designed macro pores along with intrinsic micro pores. Histomorphology and histomorphometric analysis revealed a significant increase in osteoid like new bone formation, and accelerated mineralization inside SrO and MgO doped 3D printed TCP scaffolds as compared to pure TCP scaffolds. An increase in osteocalcin and type I collagen level was also observed in rat blood serum with SrO and MgO doped TCP scaffolds compared to pure TCP scaffolds. Our results show that these 3D printed SrO and MgO doped TCP scaffolds with multiscale porosity contributed to early healing through accelerated osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solaiman Tarafder
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Neal M. Davies
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Amit Bandyopadhyay
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Susmita Bose
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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91
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Ramiro-Gutiérrez ML, Will J, Boccaccini AR, Díaz-Cuenca A. Reticulated bioactive scaffolds with improved textural properties for bone tissue engineering: Nanostructured surfaces and porosity. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:2982-92. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Lourdes Ramiro-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (ICMS); Centro Mixto CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja; 41092 Seville Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering; Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN); Spain
| | - Julia Will
- Institute of Biomaterials; Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 6; 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Aldo R. Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials; Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 6; 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Aránzazu Díaz-Cuenca
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (ICMS); Centro Mixto CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja; 41092 Seville Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering; Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN); Spain
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92
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Bidan CM, Wang FM, Dunlop JW. A three-dimensional model for tissue deposition on complex surfaces. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2013; 16:1056-70. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2013.774384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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93
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Dorozhkin SV. Calcium Orthophosphate-Based Bioceramics. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2013; 6:3840-3942. [PMID: 28788309 PMCID: PMC5452669 DOI: 10.3390/ma6093840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Various types of grafts have been traditionally used to restore damaged bones. In the late 1960s, a strong interest was raised in studying ceramics as potential bone grafts due to their biomechanical properties. A bit later, such synthetic biomaterials were called bioceramics. In principle, bioceramics can be prepared from diverse materials but this review is limited to calcium orthophosphate-based formulations only, which possess the specific advantages due to the chemical similarity to mammalian bones and teeth. During the past 40 years, there have been a number of important achievements in this field. Namely, after the initial development of bioceramics that was just tolerated in the physiological environment, an emphasis was shifted towards the formulations able to form direct chemical bonds with the adjacent bones. Afterwards, by the structural and compositional controls, it became possible to choose whether the calcium orthophosphate-based implants remain biologically stable once incorporated into the skeletal structure or whether they were resorbed over time. At the turn of the millennium, a new concept of regenerative bioceramics was developed and such formulations became an integrated part of the tissue engineering approach. Now calcium orthophosphate scaffolds are designed to induce bone formation and vascularization. These scaffolds are often porous and harbor different biomolecules and/or cells. Therefore, current biomedical applications of calcium orthophosphate bioceramics include bone augmentations, artificial bone grafts, maxillofacial reconstruction, spinal fusion, periodontal disease repairs and bone fillers after tumor surgery. Perspective future applications comprise drug delivery and tissue engineering purposes because calcium orthophosphates appear to be promising carriers of growth factors, bioactive peptides and various types of cells.
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94
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Polak SJ, Rustom LE, Genin GM, Talcott M, Wagoner Johnson AJ. A mechanism for effective cell-seeding in rigid, microporous substrates. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:7977-86. [PMID: 23665116 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Seeding cells into porous ceramic substrates has been shown to improve outcomes in surgical repair of large bone defects, but the physics underlying cellular ingress into such scaffolds remains elusive. This paper demonstrates capillary forces as a novel, yet simple, self-loading or self-seeding mechanism for rigid, microporous substrates. Capillary forces were found to draw cells through a microporous network with interconnections smaller than the diameter of the cells in suspension. Work here emphasizes CaP-based bone scaffolds containing both macroporosity (>100μm) and microporosity (5-50μm); these have been shown to improve bone formation in vivo as compared to their macroporous counterparts and also performed better than microporous scaffolds containing BMP-2 by some measures of bone regeneration. We hypothesize that capillary force driven self-seeding in both macro- and micropores may underlie this improvement, and present a mathematical model and experiments that support this hypothesis. The cell localization and penetration depth within these two-dimensional substrates in vitro depends upon both the cell type (size and stiffness) and the capillary forces generated by the microstructure. Additional experiments showing that cell penetration depth in vitro depends on cell size and stiffness suggest that microporosity could be tailored to optimize cell infiltration in a cell-specific way. Endogenous cells are also drawn into the microporous network in vivo. Results have important implications for design of scaffolds for the healing of large bone defects, and for controlled release of drugs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Polak
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 West Springfield Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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95
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Ravichandran R, Gandhi S, Sundaramurthi D, Sethuraman S, Krishnan UM. Hierarchical mesoporous silica nanofibers as multifunctional scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2013; 24:1988-2005. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2013.816930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjithkumar Ravichandran
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sakthivel Gandhi
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Dhakshinamoorthy Sundaramurthi
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Swaminathan Sethuraman
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamilnadu, India
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96
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Vaquette C, Ivanovski S, Hamlet SM, Hutmacher DW. Effect of culture conditions and calcium phosphate coating on ectopic bone formation. Biomaterials 2013; 34:5538-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.03.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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97
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Microporous calcium phosphate ceramics as tissue engineering scaffolds for the repair of osteochondral defects: Histological results. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:7490-505. [PMID: 23528497 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of defects in joint cartilage aims to re-establish normal joint function. In vitro experiments have shown that the application of synthetic scaffolds is a promising alternative to existing therapeutic options. A sheep study was conducted to test the suitability of microporous pure β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) ceramics as tissue engineering scaffolds for the repair of osteochondral defects. Cylindrical plugs of microporous β-TCP (diameter: 7mm; length: 25mm; porosity: 43.5±2.4%; pore diameter: ~5μm) with interconnecting pores were used. Scaffolds were seeded with autologous chondrocytes in vitro and cultured for 4weeks. A drill hole (diameter 7mm) was placed in both medial femoral condyles of sheep. For the left knee the defect was filled with a TCP plug and for the right knee the defect was left empty. After 6, 12, 26 and 52weeks, seven animals from each group were killed and studied. The samples were examined employing histological, histomorphometric and immunohistological methods as well as various imaging techniques (X-ray, microcomputer tomography and scanning electron microscopy). After explantation the cartilage defects were first assessed macroscopically. There were no signs of infection or inflammation. Histological grading scales were used for assessment of bony integration and cartilage repair. An increasing degradation (81% after 52weeks) of the ceramic with concomitant bone formation was observed. The original structure of cancellous bone was almost completely restored. After 26 and 52weeks, collagen II-positive hyaline cartilage was detected in several samples. New subchondral bone had formed. The formation of cartilage began at the outer edge and proceeded to the middle. According to the O'Driscoll score, values corresponding to healthy cartilage were not reached after 1year. Integration of the newly formed cartilage tissue into the surrounding native cartilage was found. The formation of biomechanical stable cartilage began at the edge and progressed towards the centre of the defect. After 1year this process was still not completed. Microporous β-TCP scaffolds seeded with chondrocytes are suitable for the treatment of osteochondral defects.
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98
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Genet M, Houmard M, Eslava S, Saiz E, Tomsia AP. A two-scale Weibull approach to the failure of porous ceramic structures made by robocasting: possibilities and limits. JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY 2013; 33:679-688. [PMID: 23439936 PMCID: PMC3579546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This paper introduces our approach to modeling the mechanical behavior of cellular ceramics, through the example of calcium phosphate scaffolds made by robocasting for bone-tissue engineering. The Weibull theory is used to deal with the scaffolds' constitutive rods statistical failure, and the Sanchez-Palencia theory of periodic homogenization is used to link the rod- and scaffold-scales. Uniaxial compression of scaffolds and three-point bending of rods were performed to calibrate and validate the model. If calibration based on rod-scale data leads to over-conservative predictions of scaffold's properties (as rods' successive failures are not taken into account), we show that, for a given rod diameter, calibration based on scaffold-scale data leads to very satisfactory predictions for a wide range of rod spacing, i.e. of scaffold porosity, as well as for different loading conditions. This work establishes the proposed model as a reliable tool for understanding and optimizing cellular ceramics' mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Genet
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, California, USA
- Corresponding author. Mail address: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road MS62-0237, Berkeley, CA-94720, USA. Tel: 1-510-486-6809.
| | - Manuel Houmard
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, California, USA
| | - Salvador Eslava
- Centre for Advanced Structural Ceramics, Department of Materials, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Eduardo Saiz
- Centre for Advanced Structural Ceramics, Department of Materials, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Antoni P. Tomsia
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, California, USA
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Billström GH, Blom AW, Larsson S, Beswick AD. Application of scaffolds for bone regeneration strategies: current trends and future directions. Injury 2013; 44 Suppl 1:S28-33. [PMID: 23351866 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1383(13)70007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Scaffolds are extensively used in surgery to replace missing bone and to achieve bony union and fusion. An ideal scaffold should not only maintain, induce, and restore biological functions where cells, extracellular matrix, and growth factors are needed, but also have the right properties with respect to degradation, cell binding, cellular uptake, non-immunogenicity, mechanical strength, and flexibility. Here we examine both the basic science behind the development of scaffolds and comprehensively and systematically review the clinical applications.
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Deliormanlı AM, Liu X, Rahaman MN. Evaluation of borate bioactive glass scaffolds with different pore sizes in a rat subcutaneous implantation model. J Biomater Appl 2012; 28:643-53. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328212470013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Borate bioactive glass has been shown to convert faster and more completely to hydroxyapatite and enhance new bone formation in vivo when compared to silicate bioactive glass (such as 45S5 and 13-93 bioactive glass). In this work, the effects of the borate glass microstructure on its conversion to hydroxyapatite (HA) in vitro and its ability to support tissue ingrowth in a rat subcutaneous implantation model were investigated. Bioactive borate glass scaffolds, designated 13-93B3, with a grid-like microstructure and pore widths of 300, 600, and 900 µm were prepared by a robocasting technique. The scaffolds were implanted subcutaneously for 4 weeks in Sprague Dawley rats. Silicate 13-93 glass scaffolds with the same microstructure were used as the control. The conversion of the scaffolds to HA was studied as a function of immersion time in a simulated body fluid. Histology and scanning electron microscopy were used to evaluate conversion of the bioactive glass implants to hydroxyapatite, as well as tissue ingrowth and blood vessel formation in the implants. The pore size of the scaffolds was found to have little effect on tissue infiltration and angiogenesis after the 4-week implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin M Deliormanlı
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Bone and Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
- Department of Materials Engineering, Celal Bayar University, Muradiye, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Bone and Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
| | - Mohamed N Rahaman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Bone and Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
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